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Erna Kristin

Department ofPharmacology &Toxicology

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Block 1.3Pharmacokinetics

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Drug and cti!e PrincipleDrug De!elopmentDrug dministration

Dosage "orms for #ral"rom pplication to Distri$utionDrug EliminationPharmacokineticsDrug %oncentration in the Body asa "unction of Time.

#$ecti!es

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Pharmacology

PharmacologyPharmacologyis the studyis the study

of drugs andof drugs and

the e'ectsthe e'ects

they ha!e onthey ha!e on

the $odthe $od

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Pharmacokinetics

The acti!ity of drugs in theThe acti!ity of drugs in the

$ody o!er a period of time($ody o!er a period of time(including the processes $yincluding the processes $y

)hich drugs are a$sor$ed()hich drugs are a$sor$ed(

distri$uted in the $ody(distri$uted in the $ody(locali*ed in the tissues( andlocali*ed in the tissues( and

excreted.excreted.

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Drug and active principle

The dried milky exudate

o$tained $y slashing theunripe seed capsules ofPapaver somniferum +ra)

opium,

-oaking plants parts in alcohol+ethanol, creates a tincture.

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Tinctures do not contain thecomplete

spectrum of su$stances thatexistin the plant or crude drug(

only thosethat are solu$le in alcohol.

n the case of opium tincture(these ingredients are

Drug and active principle

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sing a natural product orextract

to treat a disease thususually entails theadministration of a num$er

of su$stances possi$lypossessing !ery di'erentacti!ities

Drug and active principle

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1. denti2cation of the acti!eingredient+s,.. nalysis of the $iological e'ects

+pharmacodynamics, of indi!idualingredients and of their fate in the $ody+pharmacokinetics,.3. Ensuring a precise and constant

dosage in the therapeutic use ofchemically pure constituents.4. The possi$ility of chemical synthesis()hich )ould a'ord independence fromlimited natural supplies and create

conditions

The aims of isolating acti!e

principles are/

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7alf life/theamount oftime +unit

time, ittakes forhalf ofdrugconcentrati

on

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