5 WEBINAR DIARRHOE Allerberger 23052018 - infektiologie ......2018/05/05  · for acute...

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Diarrhö mikrobiologische Abklärung Franz Allerberger Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit (AGES)

Transcript of 5 WEBINAR DIARRHOE Allerberger 23052018 - infektiologie ......2018/05/05  · for acute...

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Diarrhö –mikrobiologische Abklärung

Franz AllerbergerÖsterreichische Agentur für Gesundheit

und Ernährungssicherheit (AGES)

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Es besteht weder ein persönliches noch ein wirtschaftliches Verhältnis zu einem kommerziellen Unternehmen im Zusammenhang mit dem folgenden Fortbildungsinhalt.

Der Fortbildungsinhalt gibt nicht notwendigerweise die Ansicht der AGES wieder.

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Riddle MS, DuPont HL, Connor BA. ACG Clinical Guideline: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute diarrheal infections in adults.Am J Gastroenterol 2016;111:602–22.

Acute diarrhea is defined as 3 or more loose or watery stools in a 24-hour period and lasting less than 14 days.

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StuhlKotKackeScheißeFäkalienFäzesAusscheidung

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https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/challenges/cidt.html

Kulturunabhängige diagnostische Teste (CIDTs)

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Mikrobiologische LaborprobenKH vs Niedergelassenes Labor 2014

n=13972= 12%

n=6775=7.7%

N = 116401 N = 87646

Stuhlproben mit positivem Resultat => 384 (2.7%) => 579 (8.5%)

AKH Wien Labor Moest

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Huhulescu S, Kiss R, Brettlecker M, Cerny RJ, Hess C, Wewalka G, Allerberger F (2009) Etiology of acute gastroenteritis in three sentinel general practices, Austria 2007. Infection 37:103-108

„In 2007, all patients who visited a GP for acute gastroenteritis were invited to provide stool specimens [total population of appr. 6,000].

è pathogens were detected in 71 of 306 patients (23.2%).“

12 Erreger

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Medscape CME & education: Latest Updates for December 21, 2016Timely Diagnosis of Gastroenteritis: Implications for Patients and Public Health

20 pathogens

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CampylobacterSalmonella

Part of: Buss et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2015 Mar;53(3):915-25

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FilmArray GI ®Panel (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, Utah).

Ermöglicht simultan die Testung von 20 Erregern:

Bakterien: Campylobacter, Clostridium difficile, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Salmonella, Vibrio (inkl. V. cholerae), Yersinia enterocolitica, Enterotoxigene Escherichia coli (ETEC; lt/st), Enteropathogene E. coli (EPEC), Shiga toxin-produzierende E. coli /STEC; stx1/stx2, inkl. E. coli O157), Shigella/ Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC),

Viren: Adenovirus F40/41, Astrovirus, Norovirus GI/GII, Rotavirus A, SapovirusProtozoen: Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Entamoeba histolytica,

Giardia lamblia

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500 µl Stuhl werden in LBM®FecalSwabs (Copan, Italien; enthalten 2 ml modifiziertes Cary-Blair Medium) eingebracht

(Liquid Based Microbiology)

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Der FilmArray integriert Proben-Aufbereitung, Amplifikation und Detektion.Im Labor: circa 2 Minuten Hand-on Time; Proben-Durchlaufzeit circa 1 Stunde.

Kosten: unter 5 € pro Untersuchungsparameter

FilmArray GI ® Panels (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, Utah)

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Overall, the FilmArray®GI Panel detected at least one organism in 54.2% (384/709) of the specimens, as compared to 18.1% (128/709) when tested by conventional techniques locally. • Of the 709 specimens:

• 325 (45.8%) tested negative• 268 (37.8%) specimens yielded only one organism• 116 (16.4%) specimens yielded multiple organisms.

• With the exception of Entamoeba histolytica and Vibrio cholerae, all of the 22 targeted pathogens were detected at least once.

Spina A, et al. (2015) Spectrum of enteropathogens detected by FilmArray® GI Panel in a multi-centre study of community-acquired gastroenteritis. Clin Microbiol Infect 21:719-728.

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Fig.: Frequency distribution of pathogens detected by country (total pathogens = 555)

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S. Ent PT14b Isolate aus Österreich, Juni 2013-August 2014, nach KW des Laboreingangs (N=140)20

19 Fall von S. Enteritidis 14b, alle Bundesländer außer Tirol (n=76)

18

17 Fall von S. Enteritidis 14b mit MLVA Typ 12-3-7-2-2 (Ausbruchsstamm) (n=40) Fall von S. Enteritidis 14b mit anderem MLVA-Typ (n=4)

16

15 Fall von S. Enteritidis 14b, Tirol (n=64)

14

13 Fall von S. Enteritidis 14b mit MLVA Typ 12-3-7-2-2 (Ausbruchsstamm) (n=46) Fall von S. Enteritidis 14b mit anderem MLVA-Typ (n=3)

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26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

Jun

2014

May Jun July

2013

Kalenderwoche und Jahr

Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar AprOct Aug

Anza

hl de

r Fäll

e

Jul Aug Sep

Regionale Verteilung der Ausbruchsfälle, S. Enteritidis PT14b, Österreich, Juli-Sept. 2014

„Salmonellen nichtnachgewiesen“

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Analytische EpidemiologieTable. Day-specific food-related (lunch) cohort analyses among recipients of “food on wheels” and among residents of three nursing homesExposed Unexposed

Date Food-items Total Cases Risk% Total Cases Risk% RR* RD%* AR%* PAR%* p**

27.6.; Ncohort=816; ncases=2 Eieromelette 177 2 1,13 639 0 0 1,13 100 100 0,047

29.6.; Ncohort=723; ncases=5 Semmelknoedel 380 5 1,32 343 0 0 1,32 100 100 0,063

30.6.; Ncohort=822; ncases=8 Spaghetti Carbonara 332 6 1,81 490 2 0,41 4,43 1,4 77,41 58,06 0,067

30.6.; Ncohort=822; ncases=8 Schokomousse 402 7 1,74 420 1 0,24 7,31 1,5 86,33 75,54 0,035

Issued: 26 August 2014

Multi-country outbreak of Salm

onella Enteritidis infections associated w

ith consum

ption of eggs from Germ

any.Stockholm

and Parma: ECDC/EFSA; 2014

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In der Salmonellenaffäre um das Unternehmen Bayern-Ei aus Niederbayern ist gegen einen Amtstierarzt des zuständigen Landratsamtes Haftbefehl erlassen worden. Dem Mitarbeiter des Landratsamtes Straubing-Bogen werde Beihilfe zu einem Fall von Körperverletzung mit Todesfolge sowie zu gefährlicher Körperverletzung in 77 weiteren Fällen vorgeworfen, sagte Theo Ziegler von der Staatsanwaltschaft Regensburg.Ein Ermittlungsrichter habe Haftbefehl wegen dringenden Tatverdachtes und Verdunklungsgefahr erlassen. Der Mann habe ein fehlerhaftes Verhalten eingeräumt, teilte die Staatsanwaltschaft weiter mit. Details zur Aussage wurden aus ermittlungstaktischen Gründen aber nicht genannt. Der Amtstierarzt sitzt derzeit in U-Haft.

Haftbefehl gegen Amtstierarzt des Landratsamts04.12.15

http://www.welt.de/regionales/bayern/article149613366/Haftbefehl-gegen-Amtstierarzt-des-Landratsamts.html

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Salmonella Stanley

Resistent gegen Ciprofloxacin

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020406080

100120140160180200

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Anza

hl

Jahr

S. Stanley - humane Erstisolate,Österreich, 2000 - 2016

2017: 32 Humanerkrankungen mit S. Stanley

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Fig.: Frequency distribution of pathogens detected in 709 stool specimens by diagnostic approach employed: local laboratory protocol versus FilmArray GI®Panel

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© shutterstock/Yellowj

Spina A, et al. (2015) Clin Microbiol Infect 21:719-728.

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Fig.: Frequency distribution of pathogens detected in 709 stool specimens by diagnostic approach employed: local laboratory protocol versus FilmArray GI®Panel

Spina A, et al. (2015) Clin Microbiol Infect 21:719-28

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EPEC EAECAustria No NoFinland No NoFrance No NoGermany Yes (eae gene PCR) Yes (PCR)Greece No NoIreland No NoItaly Yes (eae gene PCR) NoPortugal No NoRomania Yes (agar antisera) NoUK No No

Diagnostic approach employed by local laboratories

ETECNo

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

EIECNo

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Spina A, et al. (2015) Clin Microbiol Infect 21:719-28

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unive

rsum

Inne

rere

Med

izin

08/

17

Im Jahr 2014 wurden von der AGES im Großraum Wien im Rahmen eines bundesländerübergreifenden Krankheitsausbruches binnen sechs Wochen vier Fälle von hämolytisch-urämischem Syndrom (HUS) bedingt durch O145:HNM dokumentiert. Bei den drei Patienten aus NÖ handelte sich um einen 1-jg. Buben sowie ein 5-jg. und ein 2-jg. Mädchen; bei dem Patienten aus Wien um ein 3-jg. Mädchen. Obwohl laut Kuehne et al.auf einen HUS-Fall 32,2 Fälle von Gastroenteritis kommen sollten, wurde im Ausbruchsjahr im Rahmen der ärztlichen Routinediagnostik – mit Ausnahme von zwei im Rahmen der Umgebungsuntersuchungen durch die AGES ermittelten Gastroenteritis-Fällen – im Großraum Wien kein einziger STEC-Fall diagnostiziert.

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Fig.: Frequency distribution of pathogens detected in 709 stool specimens by diagnostic approach employed: local laboratory protocol versus FilmArray GI®Panel

Spina A, et al. (2015) Clin Microbiol Infect 21:719-28

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http://de.wessling-group.com

/news/aktuelle-m

eldungen/2017/campylobacter-aenderung-verordnung-eg-20732005/

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Medscape CME & education: Latest Updates for December 21, 2016 Timely Diagnosis of Gastroenteritis: Implications for Patients and Public Health

Of the 709 samples, 325 (45.8%) tested negative, 268 (37.8%) yielded only one organism, and 116 (16.4%) yielded multiple organisms. Spina et al. 201530%

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Non-Specific Therapies

•Rehydration: • Mild diarrhea: take clear juices and soups with small frequent feedings.• Moderate-severe: use oral rehydration solution (ORS) such as Ceralyte, Pedialyte or other with Na+/K+ and glucose

(50-100 ml/kg/q3-4h).• Unable to drink: use NG tube or IV fluids (e.g., D5W + ¼NS +20 mEq/L KCl).• Severe: IV Ringers lactate (preferred) or NS 20 mL/kg until improved perfusion, then 100 ml/kg ORS PO in 4 hr or

D5W + ½NS IV.

•Food should match stool:

• Watery: soups, broth, yogurt, soft drinks, Jello +/- saltines• Some form to stool: rice, bread, broiled fish, chicken, baked potato.• Avoid milk, milk products, caffeine, fried or fatty foods, spicy foods.

•Anti-motility agents: avoid w/ E. coli O157 (bloody diarrhea) and C. difficileile.•Consider anti-motility agents if not dealing with E. coli O157 and C. difficile: Loperamide (OTC) 4 mg, then 2 mg q loose stool (16 mg/d max).

Johns Hopkins ABX Guide

dextrose 5% in water (D5W)

Normal Saline 0.225%

Imodium®

Rice based oral electrolyte

Milliequivalents Per Litre (mEq/L)Salz-Cracker

1/2 Normal Saline (1/2 NS). 0.45% NaCl in Water Crystalloid Solution. Hypotonic (154 mOsm). Raises total fluid volume.

difficile.

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Abgefragt: 12. Mai 2018

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