Advisor-Seminar SS 2008 · AstroSeminar WS08-09_Intro Roland Diehl Concepts and Characteristics of...

Roland DiehlAstroSeminar WS08-09_Intro

by Roland DiehlMPE Garching

Contents

Advisor-Seminar SS 2008Die TUM & LMU Dozenten im Bereich Nuklearer Astrophysik:

Prof. Dr. M. Asplund, Dr. R. Diehl, Dr. J. Greiner, Prof. W. Hillebrandt,Dr. H.-T. Janka, Prof. R. Krücken, Dr. F. Kupka, Dr. E. Müller, Dr. F. Röpke, Dr. P. Thirolf

TU MünchenLMU München

Max Planck Institut für extraterrestrische PhysikMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik

Kontakt: Dr. R. Diehl, Tel 089-30000-3850 email [email protected]

Prof. Dr. R. Krücken, Tel 089-2891-2433 email [email protected]

“Nuclei in the Cosmos:-Techniques of their astronomical Measurement-"

Termin: Mittwochs, 16:00-17:00hOrt: Max Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Raum 1.1.18b

Vorbesprechung: 22. October 2008


Themes of the TalksThemes of the Talks

Concepts and Characteristics of an Astronomical TelescopeAstronomical Telescopes at Radio and Sub-Millimeter WavelengthsCharacteristics of High-Energy Astronomy TelescopesMeasuring Nuclei in Near-Earth Space and Cosmic RaysMeasuring Cosmic Nuclei in the Laboratory: Meteoritic InclusionsImaging in Different Wavelength Regimes of AstronomySpectroscopy in Different Wavelength Regimes of AstronomyStellar Photospheric Abundance DeterminationsAbundances in Cold/Normal Interstellar GasAbundance Lessons from Emission from Ionized Gas and Hot PlasmaAbundances of Isotopes from Nuclear-Line Spectroscopy

Understanding Cosmic-Ray Isotopic Abundances


Concepts and Characteristics of an Astronomical TelescopeConcepts and Characteristics of an Astronomical Telescope

The Concepts of:Capturing Radiation of a Selected ObjectImaging a Field of ViewMeasuring Colors of Selected Objects

The History of Astronomical Telescopes400 years...

Telescope Examples and their CharacteristicsDesign Principles and their Properties

– Refractors and Reflectors– Interferometry– Adaptive Optics

How is Telescope Performance ...– ... achieved– ... measured/quantified– ... technically obtained and limited

Specifics of Different Spectral Bands– optical– infrared– UV to X-rays


Astronomical Telescopes at Radio and SubAstronomical Telescopes at Radio and Sub--Millimeter WavelengthsMillimeter Wavelengths

History of Radio Astronomyfrom Military Radar to Penzias & Wilson

Modern Radio Telescope ExamplesArecibo, Effelsberg, Westerbork, VLA, ALMAHow to Target Sky RegionsHow to Optimize PerformanceLimitations from Undesired Sources (civilization; water vapor)

Antennae, Receivers & Signal AnalysisImaging Properties of AntennaeSignal-to-Noise Optimization in ReceiversFrom Fourier Analysis to Celestial-Signal Recovery

Interferometry, Wave Front MeasurementPrinciplesALMA Component Design

Measuring the Cosmic Microwave BackgroundThe WMAP and Planck Instrumentation & Missions


Astronomical Telescopes at Infrared WavelengthsAstronomical Telescopes at Infrared Wavelengths

History of IR AstronomyBalloons, Aircraft, Satellites

Modern Space-Borne Telescope ExamplesISO 1995-1998Spitzer 2003+Herschel 2008+

IR Signaturesof Cosmic Elementsand Isotopes

Water


Characteristics of HighCharacteristics of High--Energy Astronomy TelescopesEnergy Astronomy Telescopes

Limitations of Optical Telescope ElementsDiffraction & Reflection ProcessesWolter TelescopesLaue Telescopes

High-Energy Photon Interactions with MatterCompton ScatteringPair ProductionElectromagnetic Showers

Instrumental Concepts and ExamplesLight BucketsCoded Mask TelescopesCompton TelescopesTracking ChambersAtmospheric Shower Detectors

Capabilities & Limitations for HE Astronomy


Measuring Nuclei in NearMeasuring Nuclei in Near--Earth Space and in Cosmic RaysEarth Space and in Cosmic Rays

Mass Spectrometryfrom Laboratory to Space ApplicationsOptics and its Performance Limits

EmulsionsPathlengths of Cosmic Rays in MaterialsAnalyzing Craters

Specific Missions/ProjectsThe STARDUST Mission

The Pamela Project

The AMS Project


Measuring Cosmic Nuclei in the Laboratory: Meteoritic InclusionsMeasuring Cosmic Nuclei in the Laboratory: Meteoritic Inclusions

Sample PreparationChemistry of Meteoritic Samples

Ion ExtractionAtom BeamsSecondary-Ion OpticsMass SpectrometryResonant Laser Ionization

Device ConceptsSIMS, nanoSIMSRIMS

Analysis MethodsReference Isotopes,Relative Measurements3-Isotope Diagrams

Solid

Primary Ion

ImplantedPrimary

Ion

Y+ Y- Y0 X+ X- X0 (XY)+ (XY)- (XY)0

MurchisonSiC X grains

MainstreamGrains

-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400δ30Si/28Si (‰)

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

δ29 S

i/28 S

i (‰

)

NanoSIMSNanoSIMS, 44TiIMS3f


Imaging in Different Wavelength Regimes of AstronomyImaging in Different Wavelength Regimes of Astronomy

Relations between Measurement and Image

Data SpaceImage SpaceInstrumental Response & Background

Imaging IssuesTreatments of NoiseInstrumental Effects

Imaging ConceptsIntelligent FilteringRegularization Methods, Penalty FunctionsSpatially-Adaptive Recursive Deconvolution

ExamplesRadio AntennaeOptical Image-Data Post-ProcessingPhoton Event Image Constructions

MPIfR Effelsberg


Young et al. 2003

Spectroscopy in Different Wavelength Regimes of AstronomySpectroscopy in Different Wavelength Regimes of Astronomy

Capturing Spectroscopic Informatione.m. wave measurements -> Bandpath Tuning, Prisms, Gratingsphoton counting -> Energy Measurements

Spectral Resolutionin Radio, IR, Optical, UV, X, γ

Spectral SignaturesSolids, Dust, MoleculesAtomic TransitionsNuclear Transitions, Annihilations

Spatially-Resolved Spectroscopye.g. Transmission Gratings

Interpreting Spectral InformationSaturationsBroadenings (thermal, pressure, kinematic)Line Blends


Stellar Photospheric Abundance DeterminationsStellar Photospheric Abundance Determinations

The PhotosphereOptical Depth (vs. λ)Thermodynamic StateLocal GravityKinematic State

Modelling Line Shapes


Abundances in Cold/Normal Interstellar GasAbundances in Cold/Normal Interstellar Gas

Absorption Line SpectroscopyBackground Light SourcesThe Line of Sight

Interstellar-Gas AbundancesGas Phase versus Condensations

Specific LinesHI (21 cm Line) - Atomic Gas

CO - Molecular Gas

Leiden/Dwingeloo HI Survey Hartmann&Burton 1997

Picture: John Webb


Abundance Lessons from Emission from Ionized Gas and Hot PlasmaAbundance Lessons from Emission from Ionized Gas and Hot Plasma

Recombination Transitions– e.g. Balmer Series Hα 656.3 nm n=1

Hβ 466.1 nm n=2or HBrγ 2.1 mm

Ionization of Gas by Central SourceHII RegionsPlanetary Nebulae

– Ionization-Bounded if All Ionizing Photons E>Eionization are Absorbed– Density-Bounded if Limited by Central Source’s Luminosity at E>Eionization

Ionization/Recombination Dynamic BalanceSpecific Sources

Ha Survey of the Galaxy

SNR


InnerInner--Galaxy RidgeGalaxy Ridge VelaVelaCygnusCygnus OrionOrionEridanusEridanus

ScoSco--CenCen??

AurigaAuriga//αα Per?Per?CarinaCarina

Abundances of Isotopes from NuclearAbundances of Isotopes from Nuclear--Line SpectroscopyLine Spectroscopy

Nuclear Level ExcitationsRadioactivityEnergetic Collisions

Candidate SourcesEmission Lines & NucleosynthesisAbsorption Lines & AGN/GRB?

Examples26Al Survey of the Galaxy

Core-Collapse SN Diagnostic

ννννννν ν

ννννν νννννν

νννν

ν

GravitationalCore Collapse

SupernovaShock Wave

Shock RegionExplosive Nucleosynthesis Proto-Neutron Star

Neutrino Heatingof Shock Region from Inside

Shell-StructuredEvolved Massive Star


Understanding CosmicUnderstanding Cosmic--Ray Isotopic AbundancesRay Isotopic Abundances

Cosmic-Ray MeasurementsDiagnostic Power

– Ground-Based Measurements– Interplanetary-Space Experiments– Indirect Measurements

The CR Particle SpectrumSourcesPropagation


Themes of the TalksThemes of the Talks

Concepts and Characteristics of an Astronomical TelescopeAstronomical Telescopes at Radio and Sub-Millimeter WavelengthsCharacteristics of High-Energy Astronomy TelescopesMeasuring Nuclei in Near-Earth Space and Cosmic RaysMeasuring Cosmic Nuclei in the Laboratory: Meteoritic InclusionsImaging in Different Wavelength Regimes of AstronomySpectroscopy in Different Wavelength Regimes of AstronomyStellar Photospheric Abundance DeterminationsAbundances in Cold/Normal Interstellar GasAbundance Lessons from Emission from Ionized Gas and Hot PlasmaAbundances of Isotopes from Nuclear-Line Spectroscopy

Understanding Cosmic-Ray Isotopic Abundances


Seminar ScheduleSeminar Schedule

which one do YOU wish to give?

Advisor Seminar "Nuclei in the Cosmos" WS 2008-2009

Nuclei in the Cosmos and Techniques of their Astronomical Measurements Status 06 Nov 08TUM and MPE/MPA, WS 2008/2009 Location: MPE 1.1.18a

(Asplund, Diehl, Faestermann, Greiner, Hillebrandt, Janka, Krücken, Kupka, Müller, Röpke, Thirolf) Wednesdays, 16-17h

Date Theme Speaker Supervisor email Supervisor Location22.10.2008 Introduction: Overview, and Talk Assignments Roland Diehl -- 1.18.a05.11.2008 Concepts and Characteristics of an Astronomical Telescope Stefan Taubenberger -- 1.18.a12.11.2008 Characteristics of High-Energy Astronomy Telescopes Henrike Ohlendorf Roland Diehl [email protected] 1.18.a19.11.2008 Measuring Cosmic Nuclei in the Laboratory: Meteoritic Inclusions Thomas Faestermann [email protected] 1.18.a26.11.2008 Astronomical Telescopes at Radio- to Infrared Wavelengths Lupe Saez Eckart Sturm [email protected] 1.18.b03.12.2008 Measuring Nuclei in Near-Earth Space and Cosmic Rays Herrero Gottfried Kanbach [email protected] X210.12.2008 Understanding Cosmic-Ray Isotopic Abundances Andreas Zöller Andrew Strong [email protected] 1.18.b17.12.2008 Spectroscopy in Different Wavelength Regimes of Astronomy Friedrich Kupka [email protected] 1.18.b14.01.2009 Stellar Photospheric Abundance Determinations U. Nöbauer Martin Asplund [email protected] 1.18.b21.01.2009 Abundances in Cold/Normal Interstellar Gas H. Zeller Martin Asplund [email protected] 1.18.b28.01.2009 Abundance Lessons from Emission from Ionized Gas and Hot Plasma P. Edelmann Hans Böhringer [email protected] 1.18.b04.02.2009 Abundances of Isotopes from Nuclear-Line Spectroscopy Janina Fiehl Michael Lang [email protected] 1.18.b

Advisor-Seminar SS 2008 · AstroSeminar WS08-09_Intro Roland Diehl Concepts and Characteristics of...

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