Appendix: Symbols for Rock-Forming Minerals

(Extension of Kretz 1983)

Ab albite Chn chondrodite Acm acmite Chr chromite Act actinolite Chu clinohumite Adr andradite Cld chloritoid Agt aegirine-augite Cis celestite Ak akermanite Cp carpholite Aim almandine Cpx Ca clinopyroxene A in allanite Crd cordierite Als aluminosilicate Crn carnegieite Am amphibole Crn corundum An anorthite Crs cristroballite And andalusite Cs coesite Anh anhydrite Cst cassiterite Ank ankerite Ctl chrysotile Ani analcite Cum cummingtonite Ann annite Cv covellite Ant anatase Czo clinozoisite Ap apatite Dg diginite Apo apophyllite Di diopside Apy arsenopyrite Dia diamond Arf arfvedsonite Dol dolomite Arg aragonite Drv dravite Atg antigorite Dsp diaspore Ath anthophyllite Eck eckermannite Aug augite Ed edenite Ax axinite Elb elbaite Bhm boehmite En enstatite ( ortho) Bn bornite Ep epidote Brc brucite Fa fayalite Brk brookite Fac ferroactinolite Brl beryl Fcp ferrocarpholite Brt barite Fed ferroedenite Bst bustamite Fit fluorite Bt biotite Fo forsterite Cal calcite Fpa ferropargasite Cam Ca clinoamphibole Fs ferrosilite ( ortho) Cbz chabazite Fst fassite Cc chalcocite Fts ferrotschermakite Ccl chrysocolla Gbs gibbsite Ccn cancrinite Ged gedrite Ccp chalcopyrite Gh gehlenite Cel celadonite Gin glaucophane Cen clinoenstatite Glt glauconite Cfs clinoferrosilite Gn galena Chi chlorite Gp gypsum

310 Appendix: Symbols for Rock-Forming Minerals

Gr graphite Pen protoenstatite Grs grossular Per periclase Grt garnet Pg paragonite Gru grunerite Pgt pigeonite Gt goethite Phe phengite Hbl hornblende Phi phlogopite He hercynite PI plagioclase Hd hedenbergite Pmp pumpellyite Hem hematite Pn pentlandite HI halite Po pyrrhotite Hs hastingsite Prg pargasite Hu humite Prh prehnite Hul heulandite PrJ pyrophyllite Hyn haiiyne Prp pyrope Ill illite Prv perovskite Ilm ilmenite Py pyrite Jd jadeite Qtz quartz Jh johannsenite Rbk riebeckite Kfs K-feldspar Rdn rhodonite Kin kaolinite Rds rhodochrosite Kls kalsilite Rt rutile Krn kornerupine Sa sanidine Krs kaersutite Scp scapolite Ktp kataphorite Sd siderite Ky kyanite Sdl sodalite Let Jeucite Ser sericite Lm limonite Sil sillimanite Lmt laumontite Sp sphalerite Lo Joellingite Spd spodumene Lpd lepidolite Spl spinel Lws lawsonite Spr sapphirine Lz lizardite Sps spessartine Mag magnetite Sri schorl Mcp magnesiocarpholite Srp serpentine Mel melilite St staurolite Mgh maghemite Stb stilbite Mgs magnesite Stp stilpnomelane Mkt magnesiokatophorite Str strontianite Mnt montmorillonite Sud sudoite Mnz monazite Tic talc Mo molybdenite Tmp thompsonite Mrb magnesioriebeckite Toz topaz Mrg margarite Tr tremolite Ms muscovite Trd tridymite Mtc monticellite Tro troilite Mul mullite Ts tschermakite Ne nepheline Ttn titanite Nrb norbergite Tur tourmaline Nsn nosean Usp ulvospinel Ntr natrolite Ves vesuvianite Oam orthoamphibole Vrm vermiculite OJ olivine Wa wairakite Omp omphacite Wo wollastonite Opx orthopyroxene Wth witherite Or orthoclase Wus wiistite Osm osumilite Zo zoisite Pet pectolite Zrn zircon

Index

References to tables are printed in italic; references to illustrations are in bold face type

Actinolite 103, 104, 131, 255, 256, 261, 261,262,263,264,265,269,272-277, 286-288,295,297

Activity 116 Activity diagram 81, 82, 85 ACF diagram 41-42, 262, 263, 265, 275 AFM diagram 40, 194, 195, 195 AFM mole fraction triangle 39 Albite 27, 47, 70, 103, 104, 105, 112, 113,

115,125,130, 131, 132, 187, 193,202, 202,203,203,216,236,237,241,242, 242,243-245,246,255,256,258,261, 261, 262, 264, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271-273,276,277,282,286,286-288, 292,295,297,304,307

Albitization 85 Alkali feldspar 115, 123, 124 Allochemical metamorphism 14, 15, 86 Allofacial 148 Almandine 39, 70, 100, 118, 125, 128,

129,130,131,135,198,199,200,200, 201,202,204,209,211

Aluminosilicate 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 202,203,205,211,212,256

Al2Si05 triple point 102, 105, 126, 196, 198,199,203,209,221,263,274,286

Amesite 198 Amphibole 42, 70, 82,113, 117, 119,150,

155,156,160,256,258,259,262,268, 270,275-277,280-282,293

Amphibolite 23, 104, 135, 251,257, 260, 261,276-283,290,292,293

Analcite 255, 258, 264, 265, 270 Anatexis 217 Andalusite 39, 70, 105, 106, 110, 111, 112,

11~ 125, 126,129, 158, 195, 196, 196, 196-198,199,200,201,202,209,210-212,211,216,221,260,261,263,267, 274,280,286

Andesine 261, 279 Andradite 259 Ankerite 233, 236, 253, 259, 276, 285,

289 Annite 39, 70, 118, 131, 202, 204, 211

Anorthite 70, 75, 76, 77, 78, 83, 113, 115, 116,125,130, 131, 135, 160,161, 161, 186,234,234,235,236,237,238-240, 239, 240, 245, 246, 252, 255, 256, 258, 266,26~ 267,268,277,279,280,282, 292,303

Anthophyllite 34, 35, 70, 113, 150, 151, 151,153,154,155,157,158,166,166, 172,211,213,26~ 280,281

Antigorite 34, 79, 113, 149, 150, 150, 151, 151-155, 153, 155, 157, 158, 159, 164, 165, 165, 165, 166, 168, 172, 173, 178, 180

Aragonite 70, 103, 104, 125, 126, 127, 188,255,263,289

Argillite 191 Augen mylonite 22 Augite 256, 282

Barroisite 255, 295, 296 Barrovian zones 100, 100, 104, 193, 201,

204 Basic rocks (basites) 113 Bathograd 110 Bathozone 110-111,110,112 Beginning of melting 4, 203, 208, 209 Biotite 39, 40, 42, 53, 70, 80, 82, 100, 107,

110, 111,112,113, 115, 117,118, 120, 121, 131, 133, 134, 201, 202, 202, 203, 205,206-208,207,209,210-213,211, 216,217-220,219,222,225-227,233, 236,25~ 256,258,261,261,262,263, 264,265,273,275,276,278-282,283, 295,297,303,304,306,307

Blastomylonite 22 Blueschist 23, 119, 251, 260, 285, 288,

290,294 Breunerite 289 Brucite 34, 35, 79, 113, 149, 150, 151,

151-153, 153, 155, 155, 157, 159, 172, 173, 178, 180

Buchan zones 100 Bulk chemical composition 101

312

Burial metamorphism 8, 62, 271 Bytownite 279

Ca clinoamphibole ISS, 155, 156, 162, 187, 233, 236

Calcite 27, 42, 70, 71, 75-78, 76, 79, 82, 83, 85-87, 86, 113, 122, 124, 12S, 126, 127,149, 163, 164, 16S, 165, 171, 172, 172,173,174-179, 17S, 177,178,181, 181-188,184,233-236,234,235,237, 238-241,239,240,240,242,242,243, 243-249,246,247,248,253,255,2S6, 259,261,262,263,264,26~276,278,

289,29S,297 Calc-silicate rock 24, 173 Caolification 3 Carbonaceous matter see Organic matter Carbonate rocks 17, 113, 137 Carpholite 3, 103, 113, 223, 223-226, 224,

22S Cataclastic metamorphism 9 Cataclasis 20 Cataclasite 22 Celadonite 118, 133, 134, 223, 224, 226,

25~ 2S6,258,26~275 Chabazite 264 Charnockite 23 Chemical composition classes 17 Chemical composition of

Basalt 15 Basalt MORB 17 Carbonates (platforms) 17 Continental crust 15 Granite 17 Oceanic crust 15 Pelites, pelagic clays 17 Peridotite mantle 15 Sandstones 17 Shales (platforms) 17 Tonalite 15, 17

Chemical equilibrium 26, 71, 101, 192 Chemical mass transfer 52 Chemical reactions 45, 69-85

Complex mixed volatile reactions 82-83

Decarbonatization reactions 75 Dehydration reactions 71, 72-75, 74,

133 Exchange reactions 70, 72, 117-122 Exsolution reactions 71 Halogen involving reactions 82 Hydrolysis reactions 84 Ionic reactions 85 Mixed volatile reactions 75-80, 76, 78 Net-transfer reactions 70, 72, 12S, 128-

133, 130

Index

Oxidation reactions 80-81 Polymorphic reactions 70, 12S, 125-

127 Redox reactions 81, 198, 259 Reduction reactions 80-81 Solid-solid reactions 70-72, 71 Solvus reactions 71, 122-124 Sulphidation reactions 81-82

Chemical systems ASH 195, 196, 223 CASH 265, 266, 266 CAS-HC 239, 239, 240, 240 CFMAS 41 CFMASH 113, 162 CFMASH-C02 113 CMASH 150, 154,267,273 CMASH-C02 113 CMSH 150, 1S7 CMSH-C02 CMS-HC 113, 149, 165,

171, 172,'172, 181, 184,276 FASH 198-201, 199, 200 Fe-Ti-0 134 FMASH 113 KCMAS-HC 234-238,234,235 KFASH 202, 204, 206, 209, 210-211,

211 KFMASH 37, 38, 39, 113, 202, 204-

208, 20S, 211-213 KMASH 92,206,221 KNCAS-HC 241-249, 242, 242, 243,

246,247 KNFASH 202, 203 MASH 150, 156, 1S7 MnNKFMASH 113 MSH 33,34, 36-37,150, lSI, 152, 1S3,

1S7, 158, 159 MS-HC 165, 166, 166, 167 NCMASH 113, 265, 267, 269, 269, 287 NFMASH 113

Chemography 28 Projected chemography 34

Chlorine 82 Chlorite 39, 42, 82, 100, 103, 104, 107,

113, 117, 118, 150, ISS, 155-160, 1S7, 161,162,186, 192-194,19S, 198-202, 199,200,202,203,204,20S,206-208, 207,209,210,211,212,221,222,223, 224,224-227,22S,233,252,255,2S6, 259,261,261,262,263,264,264,265, 26~ 268,269,269-278,280,285-288, 286,293,29S,296,297,303,304

Chloritization 115 Chloritoid 39, 42, 103, 107, 113, 198-201,

199,200,202,204,20S,206-208,209, 210,223,224,224-226,22S,25~ 2S6, 261,263,289,291,292,29S,296,297

Index

Chondrodite 186 Chrysotile 32, 149, 150, 150-152, 151,

153, 159, 160 Clausius-Clapeyron equation 71, 72 Clausius-Clapeyron slope 71, 121 Clay minerals 192, 233 Cleavage 19

Crenulation cleavage 20 Fracture cleavage 19 Slaty cleavage 19 Spaced cleavage 19

Clinochlore 113, 186, 224, 234, 234, 235, 236,237,238,25~ 257

Clinohumite 186, 187 Clinoptilolite 264, 271 Clinopyroxene 71, 103, 104, 113, 117,

118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 129, 130, 131, 132, 135, 150, 155, 155, 156, 157, 161, 161,162, 163,256,263,265,26~ 278-282,283,284

Clinozoisite 113, 227, 239, 239, 240, 241, 242,242,245-249,246,241,248,256, 259,263,285,293,295

Clintonite 186 Coesite 4, 5, 10, 70, 113, 125, 127, 224,

226,293 Colinearity 34 Composition matrix 33, 33, 36, 38 Composition phase diagram 28, 88 Composition space 31 Compositional degeneracy 34 Computer programs

EASY%R0 136, 137 GEO-CALC 88 PERPLEX 88 PTPATH 88 PTXA 88 SUPCRT92 88 THERIAK 236, 245 THERMO 88 THERMOCALC 136 TWEEQU 135, 136

Conodont colour alteration index 137 Contact aureole 8, 80, 209, 210 Contact metamorphism 7, 8, 102, 103

of dolomites 178-180 of limestones 180-182

Contact metasomatism 53 Continuous equilibria 128 Cooling rate 122 Cordierite 39, 40, 42, 70, 113, 117, 118,

128,198,199,201,208,209,210-215, 211,215,218,219,219,220,221,222, 227,256,263

Coronites 220, 296 Corundum 125, 130, 220, 295, 296

Covellite 85 Critical mineral 25 Crossite 104, 259, 285, 288, 307 Crustal rocks 15 Cummingtonite 213,264,265,280

Daphnite 198, 200, 224 Decompression 157, 184-185 Deformation 69 Degeneracy 34 Degrees of freedom 89 Dehydration reactions 59 Diagenesis 3, 137 Diagnostic minerals 103

313

Diagnostic mineral assemblages 101, 103, 111

Diamond 4, 10, 70, 125, 226 Diaspore 295, 296 Diastathermal metamorphism 8 Diffusional mass transfer 53 Diopside 42, 70, 71, 79, 80, 113, 118, 125,

13~ 131,135,149, 15~ 155,155-157, 157, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165, 165, 168, 172, 173, 174-186,175,177,178,181, 183,184,233,234,234,23~ 236,237, 238,252,25~ 256,264,26~ 269

Disequilibrium 45, 50-52, 53, 252 Disequilibrium structures 26, 220 Displaced equilibria 128 Distribution ratio 119, 120 Divariant assemblage 91, 111 Divariant field (sector) 91, 92 Dolomite 27, 42, 71, 75, 77, 78, 79, 113,

124, 149, 163, 164, 165, 165, 166, 168, 171, 172, 172, 173, 174-180, 175, 177, 178,181,182-188,184,233,234,234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 255, 256, 259, 263, 267,276,289,291

Eastonite 39 Eclogite 23, 105, 114, 119, 120, 127, 251,

260,285,288-291,293,294,297 Eclogitic rock 23 Edenite 268, 277 Enderbyite 23 Endothermic reaction 55, 59 Enstatite 29, 30, 34, 35, 39, 70-72, 74,

113, 118, 125, 130, 131, 149, 150, 151, 153, 154-158, 155, 157, 160, 161, 161, 163,166,166,167, 172,222,26~ 269

Epidote 42, 103, 104, 227, 233, 255, 259, 261,261,263,264,264,265,269,270, 272-280,285,287-289,295,297,304, 307

Epidote amphibolite 25 Equilibrium conditions 49, 60

314

Equilibrium constant 73, 76, 78, 80, 128, 129,213

Equilibrium constraints 89, 114 Equilibrium domain 51 Equilibrium mineral assemblage 26 Equilibrium phase assemblage 26, 48 Equilibrium state 46, 50 Erosion surface 109 Estimation of Fe2+/Fe3+ 116-117 Evaporites 3, 18 Excess minerals 43 Exchange thermometers 118 Exchange vector 35 Exothermic reaction 56 Exsolution 115, 123, 124

Fabric 19 Fault breccia 22 Fayalite 70, 118, 125, 130, 159 Fe-eastonite 39 Felsic minerals 23 Felsic rock 23 Ferrosilite 39, 70, 118, 125, 130, 131, 211 First melt see Beginning of melting Fluid composition 102,283 Fluid inclusions 64, 104, 136 Fluid phase 63, 68, 71, 72, 75-79, 83, 85-

87 Fluid-rock interaction 83, 84 Fluid/rock ratio 87 Fluorine 82 Foliation 19 Forsterite 29, 34, 35, 70, 77, 79, 80, 113,

118,125, 13~ 149,150,151,152-167, 153,155,157,161,165,165,166,172, 173, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, 183, 183, 184, 185-187

Fractionation of oxygen isotopes 116 Fuchsite 292 Fugacity 80

CJarnet 39,40,42, 71,103,104,105,107, 110, Ill, 112,113, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 160, 162, 162, 163,20~ 202,203,205,206-208, 210,212-214,214,217-220,219,224-227,225,25~ 256,257,259,261,263, 264,265,269,276-285,283,286,288, 289,291-294,295,296,297,306,307

CJedrite 213, 280, 281 CJeikielite 118 CJeothermal gradient 55, 58, 108 CJeotherm 57

Jd+Qtz geotherm 153 Ky-geotherm 153, 155, 183, 196, 199,

203

Shield geotherm 155 Sil-geotherm 153, 155, 183, 196

Geothermobarometry 114-138 in marbles 187-188 in ultramafic rocks 163

CJibbs free energy 46-49

Index

CJlaucophane 3, 103, 104, 106, 113, 253, 25~ 256,258,259,263,268,273,285-289,286,291,295,296,297,306

CJneiss 21 CJneissose structure 20 CJoethite 192 CJrade of metamorphism 99 CJrandite 259 CJranite 6, 217 CJranofels 22 CJranulite 23, 114, 117, 119, 120, 123, 209,

215,218,220,222,251,260,281-285, 290,292,293

CJraphical representation of mineral assemblages 28-43

CJraphite 70, 75, 82, 83, 125, 136,193 CJreenschist 22, 23, 104, 251, 260, 261, 273,

276,294 CJreenstone 23 CJrossular 42, 70, 113, 115, 116, 125, 130,

131, 135, 186, 239, 239, 240, 241, 245, 246,256,263,26~ 26~ 269

Heat flow 54-58, 56, 64 Hedenbergite 70, 118, 130, 131, 135, 256 Hematite 80, 81, 81, 134, 192, 193, 198,

199, 199,20~ 259,264,295 Hercynite 118, 125, 130, 199, 200, 201,

210,211,257,259,295 Heulandite 113, 255, 264, 265, 266, 266,

267, 269-271 Hornblende 103, 104, 117, 118, 131, 135, 25~ 256,257,261,261,262,263,264, 265,276-285,283,286,303

Hornfels 24, 260, 284 Hydraulic fracturing 64 Hydrostatic pressure 75 Hydrothermal metamorphism 10, 271 Hyperstene 255, 282

Illite 193, 194, 201, 206, 233, 264, 275 Illite "crystallinity" 193 Ilmenite 107, 115, 117, 118, 122,125, 128,

129, 131, 133-135, 155, 227, 259, 295 Impact metamorphism 10 Incipient melting see Beginning of

melting Index minerals 99, 106, 107,236 Infiltration 236 Intercrystalline exchange 117

Index

Intracrystalline exchange 117 Invariant assemblage 91 Invariant point 79, 91, 92, 110, 220 Ironstones 18 Isobar 108, 109, Isobaric surface 108 Isobaric TX diagram 76, 76, 79, 86 Isochemical metamorphism 86, 87 Isochores of H 20 63 Isofacial 148 Isograd 106-109

in marbles 182-184 in ultramafic rocks 157-158

Isopleth 128, 133, 134 Isopotentialline 40 Isotherm 108, 109 Isothermal surface 108 Isothermal pX diagram 76 Isotopic thermometry 121-122

Jadeite 47, 70, 105, 113, 125, 127, 130, 202, 203, 203, 255, 256, 258, 268, 269, 287,288,291,294,295,296,306

Jadeitic pyroxene 103, 104, 106, 132 Joint 20 Jotunite 23

Kaolinite 39, 107, 113, 192, 194-197, 195, 196, 19~ 206,223,233,263,264,265

Kermanite 172 K-feldspar 39, 40, 71, 80,82-85,110, 111,

112, 113, 133, 134, 187, 193, 195, 202, 202,203,203,204,205,207,207,208, 209,210,211,211,212,213,216,216-220, 219, 221, 224, 225, 234, 234, 235, 236,237,238,241,242,242,244,245, 246,248,248,249,256,258,282,303, 306

Kimberlite 5 Kornerupine 103 Kyanite 39, 42, 70, 84, 100, 105, 106, 107,

110,111,112,113, 115,125,126,129, 131, 195, 196, 196, 196-202, 199, 200, 204, 207, 208, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 224-226,225,239,239,24~ 240,242, 242, 255, 257, 259, 263, 267-269, 273, 274,274,279,280,285,286,288,289, 291-294,295,296

Laterites 18 Laumontite 103, 113, 255, 262, 263, 264,

265,266,26~ 267,269-271 Lawsonite 4, 70, 102, 103, 104, 113, 233,

255, 256, 263, 265, 266, 266, 267, 268, 269-271,273,285,286,288

Layer 19

Least hydrated state 67, 68-69 Leucosome 217 Limonite 192 Lineation 20 Lithostatic pressure 61, 7 4 Lizardite 150 Local equilibrium 51, 114

Mafic minerals 23 Mafic rocks 18, 23

315

Magnesite 84, 113, 149, 163, 164, 165, 16~ 166,166,167,171,289,295

Magnetite 80-82, 81, 115, 122, 134, 148, 156,159,160,198,199, 199,20~ 200, 201,259,264

Manganese sediments 18 Mangerite 23 Mantle (rocks) 15, 147, 149, 151, 158-159 Marble 23, 171, 178 Margarite 75, 76, 77, 113, 186, 233, 239,

239-241,24~ 242,242,243,243-247, 246,247,248,249,256,258,26~ 274, 274,295,296

Marl 16, 18, 233 Maximum hydrated state 62, 192 Melanosome 217 Melt 216, 216-218, 283, 283 Meta- 23 Meta-granitoids 16, 134 Metabasalts 18 Metamorphic banding 61 Metamorphic differentiation 20 Metamorphic facies 10 1-106

Amphibolite facies 102, 103, 104 Blueschist facies 102, 103, 104-105 Eclogite facies 102, 103, 105 Epidote-amphibolite facies 104 Glaucophane-schist facies 104 Granulite facies 102, 103, 104, Greenschist facies 102, 103, 104 Lawsonite-albite facies 105 Prehnite-pumpellyite facies 104 Subgreenschist facies 102, 103, 103-

105, 262-273 Two-pyroxene facies 104 Zeolite facies 104

Metamorphic facies series 105, 106 Metamorphic fluid 83, 84, 105 Metamorphic grade 99 Metamorphic reactions 46-53, 106, 108-

109 Metamorphic structures 18 Metamorphism 3

Limits of 3 Types of 5-10

Metapelite 16, 17, 133, 191

316

Metapelitic rocks 37, 100, 110, 132 Metasomatism 3, 14, 15, 53, 221, 253 Metastable assemblages 50, 52 Metastable growth 127 Metastable mixture 48 Metastable persistence 52, 197 Metastable reactions 252 Metastable relics 27 Mica 82, 117 Microcline 70, 304-307, 306 Microtherrnometric method 136 Migmatite 24, 209, 215, 216, 218, 279,

282,283,283 Mineral assemblage 13, 25-28 Mineral paragenesis 13, 25-28 Mineral zone boundary 100, 106, 107 Mineralzones 99-101,233,261,264 Modal composition 24 Modal composition vs temperature

diagram 79, 237, 248 Mole fraction line 28, 29, 30 Mole fraction triangle 30-32, 31, 32, 257 Mole fractions 28-30, 33, 36, 64 Mole numbers 28-29 Monticellite 172 Montmorillonite 192, 264 Mordenite 264 Mossbauer spectroscopy 117 Muscovite 27, 70, 82-84, 100, 107, 110,

111,112,113, 124, 131, 134, 194,195, 201,20Z 202,203,204,205,207,209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 216, 216, 217,221, 223, 224, 225, 227, 234, 235, 235, 236, 237,238,241,242,24Z 243,244-249, 246,247,248,25~ 256,258,260,261, 267, 275, 278, 303

Mylonite 22

NaCI-rich brines 64 Names of metamorphic rocks 20-25

Ocean-floor (oceanic) metamorphism 7, 8, 159, 252, 262, 271

Oligoclase 261, 276, 277, 295, 296 Olivine 70, 113, 117, 118, 130, 150, 156,

160, 163 Omphacite 103, 105, 255, 263, 286, 288,

289,291-294,295,296,306 One-phase field 40 Ophicalcite 164 Ophicarbonates 148, 164, 165, 166, 167 Ophidolomite 164 Ophimagnesite 164 Organic material (matter) 3, 136, 137,

192, 193, 197

Orogenic metamorphism 6, 7 of dolomites 174-176 of limestones 176-178 of marls 233-249 of pelites 193-208

Ortho- 23

Index

Orthoamphibole 42, 151, 198, 209, 211, 213,218,221,256,263,280,281

Orthoclase 305 Orthopyroxene 39, 42, 70, 71, 103, 104,

113, 117,118, 122, 123,130, 131,150, 156,163,198,209,211,216,218-220, 219,221,222,256,263,26~ 26~ 281-285,283,293,296

Osumilite 103, 211, 220 Oxybarometer 134 Oxygen isotope fractionation 120

Para- 23 Paragonite 4, 27, 113, 124, 192, 201, 202,

202,203,206,241,242,242,243,243-247,246,247,248,249,25~ 256,258, 263,267-26~ 269,272,273,276,285, 286,287-289,291-293,295,296,297

Pargasite 118, 131, 156 Partial melting 9, 15, 215, 217, 220, 279,

282,283 Partial pressure 80 Peak metamorphic thermometry 117 Pelitic rocks (pelites) 16, 17, 113, 191-228 Periclase 29, 34, 35, 79, 113, 151, 172,

173, 178, 179 Peridotite 119 Petrogenetic grid 111-114, 113 Phase 25 Phase diagram software 88 Phase diagrams 79, 88-93 Phase rule 89-90 Phase transitions 70, 72 Phase vector 31, 33, 36 Phengite 117, 118, 124, 133,202,225,226,

256,258,263,264,273,275,285,288, 289,291-293,295,296,297,304,306, 307

Phlogopite 39, 70, 118, 131, 133, 187, 221, 222, 224, 225, 225, 226, 234, 235, 235, 236,237,238,25~ 258,267

Phyllite 22, 193 Piemontite 264 Piezo-therrnic array 67, 69 Pigeonite 220 Pinitization 115 Plagioclase 42, 71, 82, 100, 103, 104, 107,

123, 124, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 227, 236,240,241,243,243-245,247,247-

Index

249,248,256,258,261,263,264,265, 269,276,278-284,283,286,287,287, 292-294

Pore pressure 64 Prehnite 4, 42, 102, 103, 113, 252, 255,

256,257,263, 264, 264, 265, 266,266, 26~ 269,269,271,272,295,297,303

Preiswerkite 295, 296 Pressure gradient 109 Pressure solution 61, 75 Pressure-temperature-time paths 65-69,

67, 114 Clockwise 67 Counter clockwise 67

Prograde metamorphism 52, 59 Projections 32-43

ACF projections 41-43, 42, 254-260, 256

AFM projections 37-41,195, 205 Complex projections 35-37 Other projections 43 Projection of solid-solution phases 35 Simple projections 32-35

Projection phase diagram 33 Protolith 13, 14, 21

Chemical composition of 15-17 Pseudobinary join 34 Pseudotachylite 9, 22 P-T profile 108, 109 Pumpellyite 4, 42, 103, 113, 255, 256, 257,

263,264,264,265,267,269,269-273, 303

Pyrite 81-83, 81, 130, 132, 264, 295 Pyrometamorphism 9 Pyrope 4, 5, 39, 70, 118, 125, 130, 131,

135, 160, 161, 162, 224, 268, 269 Pyrophyllite 27, 39, 42, 103, 107, 113,

132,194-199,196,196, 199,201,204, 206, 223, 224, 224, 239, 239-241,240, 242,242,244-246,246,248,249,256, 263,265, 26~ 273,274,274

Pyroxene 117,258,259,282 Pyrrhotite 81, 81, 82, 130

Quartz textures 304 Quartzite 24 Quartzo-feldspathic rocks 16, 18

Reaction path 86 Reaction progress 85-87 Reaction-isograd 106-109, 107, 233

Intersecting reaction-isograds 108 Reactions see Chemical reactions Regional metamorphism 6 Rehydration 69, 220 Relics 69

Restite 24, 217, 220 Retrograde exchange by diffusion 117 Retrograde isotopic exchange 122 Retrograde metamorphism 60, 69, 115 Retrograde P-T path 136 Retrograde resetting 124 Retrogression 134 Riebeckite 259, 285, 288 Rodingite 24

317

Rutile 122, 125, 128, 129, 131, 133, 135, 192,259,285,291,293,295,306

Sagvandite 148, 166, 166-168 Saline brines 84 Sanidine 70,304-306,306 Sapphirine 103. 128, 211. 220, 284 Scapolite 186, 233, 255, 284, 295 Schist 22 Schistosity 19 Schreinemakers method 91-93 Semi-pelites 192 Sensitivity of thermobarometer 115-116 Sericite 192, 194, 264, 264, 265, 275 Serpentine minerals 82, 113, 160 Serpentinite 24, 84, 148, 155, 159, 164,

273 Serpentinization 159-160 Shale 16, 17, 193, 195 Sillimanite 39, 40, 70, 84, 100, 105, 106,

107,110, 111,112,113, 115,125, 126, 130, 158, 195, 196, 196, 197, 198, 199, 20~ 202,208,209,210-212,211,214, 214,215,216,216-220,219,221,260, 261,263,26~ 26~ 274,280,281,286

Skarn 24 Slate 22, 191, 193 Sliding equilibria 128 Smectite 192, 193, 233, 264 Soapstone 84, 148, 166, 166-168 Solution model 116, 123, 128 Solvus 116, 120, 122-124 Spessartine 206 Sphalerite 130, 132 Spinel 39, 113, 117, 118, 130, 148, 150,

155, 155-158, 157, 160-163, 161, 162, 186, 187, 198, 209, 210, 211, 212-215, 214,215,220,227,228,256,259,263, 284,295,296

Stable assemblages 50 Stable isotopes 117, 121 Stable mixture 48 Staurolite 39, 42, 100, 103, 107, llO, 111,

112, 113, 198, 199, 200, 200-202, 204, 205,207,208,209,224,227,256,261, 263

Steady-state geotherm 55, 66, 67

318

Stilbite 113, 255, 264, 265, 266, 266, 267, 269,270

Stilpnomelane 4, 276, 304 Stishovite 10 Stoichiometric coefficients 48-49 Stoichiometric equation 48 Stress 61 Structural state 116 Structure of metamorphic rocks 18-20 Sub-assemblage 114 Subfacies 103 Sudoite 113, 223, 223, 224 Sulfides 192, 193 Symplectites 52, 220, 296

Talc 27, 30, 31, 42, 53, 70, 72, 74, 79, 80, 82, 84, 113, 149, 150, 151, 151-155, 153,155, 157, 158, 159, 163-167, 165, 165, 166,172,173, 174,175, 176,177, 178-180, 178, 181, 182, 183, 185, 187, 208,221,222,223,22{ 224-226,225, 256, 263, 269, 285, 289, 291, 295, 296, 297

Temperature gradient 108 Thermal gradient 109 Thermodynamic phases 47 Thompsonite 264 Three-phase field 41 Tie line bundle 40 Time-integrated fluid/rock ratio 87 Time scale of metamorphism 64-65 Titanite 125, 131, 192, 227, 259, 295, 303,

307 Topology 28 Transient geotherms 58, 59, 66 Tremolite 77, 78, 79, 80, 104, 113, 131,

149, 150, 155, 155-157, 157, 159, 160, 161, 164, 165, 165, 168, 172, 173, 174-

Index

180,175,177,178,181, 182-185,183, 184, 187,234,23~ 235,236,237,238, 255, 256, 267, 268, 274, 282

Trend surface analysis 121 Tschermakite 255, 256, 257, 282 Two-phase field 40

Ultramafic rocks 17, 113, 123, 147-168 Ultramylonite 22 Ulvospinel 134 Uncertainties in thermobarometry 137-

138 Unit vector 31 Univariant assemblage 77, 91 Univariant curve 77, 91, 92, 112 Uplift 156

Variance 89 Vermiculite 264 Vesuvianite 233, 255 Vitrinite reflectance 136, 137

Wairakite 70, 113, 255, 264, 265, 266, 266, 267, 269-272

Whiteschist 22, 222, 225 Wollastonite 70, 75, 85-87, 86, 125, 130,

172,173, 177, 177, 178,181, 181, 182, 184, 185,239,239,24~ 241,256,263

Yugawaralite 264

Zeolites 102, 192, 252, 256, 262, 264, 265, 270

Zoisite 42, 78, 113, 186, 227, 233, 234, 23~ 235,236,25~ 256,257,26~ 267-269,274,279,285,287-289,291-294, 295,296,297,306

Springer-Verlag and the Environment

We at Springer-Verlag firmly believe that an international science publisher has a special

obligation to the environment, and our corpo-

rate policies consistently reflect this conviction.

We also expect our busi-ness partners - paper mills, printers, packag-

ing manufacturers, etc.- to commit themselves

to using environmentally friendly materials and

production processes.

The paper in this book is made from low- or no-chlorine pulp and is acid free, in

conformance with international standards for

paper permanency.