Asymptomatische Gefäßsklerose: Bedeutung und therpeutische ...€¦ · Lp-PLA2 Studies...

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www.epc-checkup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER Asymptomatische Gefäßsklerose: Bedeutung und therpeutische Konsequenz Chiemgauer Kardiologietage 2018 Gut Ising 22. – 23. September 2018 Prof. Dr. med. Uwe Nixdorff, F.E.S.C. Internist, Kardiologe, Sportmediziner EPC GmbH - European Prevention Center, Düsseldorf / Berlin / München / Hamburg www.epccheckup.de Hanako GmbH, München www.hanako-health.com Universitätsklinikum Erlangen-Nürnberg

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    Asymptomatische Gefäßsklerose:

    Bedeutung und therpeutische

    Konsequenz

    Chiemgauer Kardiologietage 2018

    Gut Ising

    22. – 23. September 2018

    Prof. Dr. med. Uwe Nixdorff, F.E.S.C.Internist, Kardiologe, Sportmediziner

    EPC GmbH - European Prevention Center,

    Düsseldorf / Berlin / München / Hamburg

    www.epccheckup.de

    Hanako GmbH, München

    www.hanako-health.com

    Universitätsklinikum Erlangen-Nürnberg

    http://www.epc-checkup.de/http://www.hanako-health.com/

  • Conflict of Interest - Disclosure

    I, Uwe Nixdorff DO NOT have a financial

    interest/arrangement or affiliation with one or

    more organizations that could be perceived as a

    real or apparent conflict of interest in the context

    of the subject of this presentation.

  • 3

    Subklinische Atherosklerose

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  • Atherosclerosis is asystemic inflammatory

    disease

    „Men is as old as his vessels“

    Dr. Thomas Sydenham, 1650

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  • “Atherosclerosis is clearly an

    inflammatory disease and does

    not result simply from the

    accumulation of lipids”

    Atherosclerosis–an inflammatory disease. Ross R. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(2):115–126

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  • Das epidemiologische Paradoxon

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    2016 E

    SC

    Gu

    idelin

    es

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    European Guidelines on CV Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice

    Eur Heart J 2016; 37:2315-81

  • Präklinische AtheroskleroseMozaffarin D, et al. Circulation 2008; 117:3031-8

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    Greenland. Circulation 2001

  • Plaque-Vorkommen, Stenosegrad und Komplikation nach Plaque-Progression

    Naghavi M, et al. Circulation 2003;108:1664-72

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  • Pathophysiologie des MI

    Falk E, et al. Circulation 1995.

    68%

    18%14%

    0%

    20%

    40%

    60%

    80%

    100%

    70%

    Läsion % Stenose

    Pro

    po

    rtio

    n (

    %)

    76%

    24%

    0%

    20%

    40%

    60%

    80%

    100%

    Rupture-prone

    plaque

    Severe Stenosis

    Pro

    po

    rtio

    n (

    %)

    Kolodgie F, et al. ATVB 2006.

    Typ der “culprit lesion”

    Akuter Myokardinfarkt Plötzlicher Herztod

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    Kommt der

    Herzinfarkt aus heiterem Himmel?

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    Diagnostik der koronaren AtheroskleroseErbel R, Budoff M. Eur Heart J 2012; 33:1201-17

  • State-of-the-Art Imaging the Plaque

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  • Kardiale Mehrschicht-ComputertomographieEPC Check-Up eines 56-jährigen asymptomatischen Individuums

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    Coronares Calcium-Scoring(CCAC)

    Coronarangiographie (CCTA)MPR = multiplanare Rekonstruktion

    Coronarangiographie (CCTA)MIP = maximale Intensitäts-projektion

    Coronar-angio-graphie(CCTA)VR = VolumeRendering

  • Kardiale Mehrschicht-ComputertomographieEPC Check-Up eines 56-jährigen asymptomatischen Individuums

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  • Kardiale Mehrschicht-ComputertomographieEPC Check-Up eines 56-jährigen asymptomatischen Individuums

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  • Kardiale Mehrschicht-ComputertomographieEPC Check-Up eines 56-jährigen asymptomatischen Individuums

    www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

  • Kardiale Mehrschicht-ComputertomographieEPC Check-Up eines 56-jährigen asymptomatischen Individuums

    www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

  • Kardiale Mehrschicht-ComputertomographieEPC Check-Up eines 56-jährigen asymptomatischen Individuums

    www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

  • Kardiale Mehrschicht-ComputertomographieEPC Check-Up eines 56-jährigen asymptomatischen Individuums

    www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

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  • European Guidelines on CV Disease Preventionin Clinical Practice Eur Heart J 2012; 33:1635-1701

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  • European Guidelines on CV Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice

    Eur Heart J 2016; 37:2315-81

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  • Vulnerable Plaque?

    Early Plaque with Lipid Pool

    Thick Cap with Small Necrotic Lipid Core

    “Stable Plaque”

    Thin Cap “Rupture-Prone”

    Plaque

    Ruptured Plaque with Thrombus

    in LumenAdapted from Kolodgie F, et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006.

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  • Lipid core

    Lumen

    Fibrous cap

    ▪ Low Lp-PLA2 content▪ May have significant stenosis▪ Thick fibrous cap / high collagen content▪ Small lipid pool▪ Few inflammatory cells

    ▪ High Lp-PLA2 content ▪ May have minimal stenosis▪ Thin fibrous cap / low collagen content▪ Large lipid pool▪ Many inflammatory cells

    Lumen

    Stable Plaque Ruptured Plaque

    Stabile vs. Rupturierte PlaqueHistopathologische Charakteristika

    Adapted from Corson MA et al. Am J Cardiol 2008; 101[suppl]:41F-50F.

  • Thrombus

    Lipid Pool

    Lp-LA2

    Oxidized LDL

    AdhesionMolecules

    Foam Cell

    Macrophage

    Cytokines

    Fibrous Cap

    Formation der vulnerablen Plaque

    Lerman A et al. Am J Cardiol 2008; 101[suppl]:11F-22F.

  • Der Unterschied zwischen Paris (France) und Paris (Texas)

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  • Visceral Fat and ConsequencesVan Kruijsdijk RC, et al. Cancer Epidemiol

    Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2569–78

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    Cardiometabolisches Syndrom:Atherosklerose und Inflammation

    White MG, et al. Diabetes Care 2016; 371:2237-92

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  • JUPITER TrialAm J Cardiol 2010, 106:204-9

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  • 2010 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults

    Circulation 2010; 122:e584-e636

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  • EDUCATE: Lp-PLA2 & Carotid Ultrasound Are Complementary Predictors of CAD & CV Events

    McHugh VL et al. AHA Epi Meeting Abstract 2006

    32 month follow-up: 253 men < 55 & women < 65 after coronary angiography+ Carotid ultrasound defined a > 1mm IMT in bulb or focal plaque in the main body or bulb

    Hazard Ratio for

    > 50% Coronary Stenosis

    2,3

    4,1

    0

    2

    4

    6

    8

    10

    Hazard Ratio for

    Death, MI & Stroke

    3,1

    9,1

    0

    2

    4

    6

    8

    10

    + Carotid UltrasoundP = 0.055

    + Carotid Ultrasound &Lp-PLA2 Top QuartileP = 0.001

    + Carotid UltrasoundP = 0.159

    + Carotid Ultrasound &Lp-PLA2 Top QuartileP = 0.053

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  • Copyright 2011 diaDexus, Inc. All rights reserved.

    Lp-PLA2 Studies CollaborationThe Lp-PLA2 Studies Collaboration, Lancet 2010; 375: 1536–44

    Figure 4: Adjusted risk ratios for coronary heart disease per 1 SD higher baseline Lp-PLA2 activity, mass, and several conventional risk factors in a common set of participants – a fraction of the full study.

    79,036 Participants in 32 Prospective Studies

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    CANTOS TrialRidker PM, et al.

    N Engl J Med 2017; August 27

    • Canakinumab = monoklonalerAntikörper gegen Interleukin 1β

    • n = 10.061 MI-Patienten• High sensitive CRP ≥ 2 mg/dL• 3 Dosen: 50; 150 und 300 mg gegen

    Placebo, appliziert s.c. alle 3 Monate

    • Endpunkt: nonfataler MI, nonfatalerStroke oder kardiovaskulärer Tod

  • CANTOS TrialRidker PM, et al. N Engl J Med 2017; August 27

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    NEJM 2018; Sept. 16

  • ASPREE: Effect of Aspirin on Disability-free Survival in the Healthy Elderly

    McNeil JJ; et al., NEJM 2018; Sept. 16

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    Kom

    bin

    iert

    er

    Endp

    unkt:

    •Tod jeglic

    her

    Urs

    ache

    •D

    em

    en

    z•

    Pers

    istiere

    nde

    physic

    alabili

    ty

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    ASPREE: Effect of Aspirin on Disability-free Survival in the Healthy Elderly

    McNeil JJ; et al., NEJM 2018; Sept. 16

  • ARRIVE (Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Initial Vascular Events)

    Gaziano JM, et al. Lancet 2018; Aug 24 [Epub ahead of print]

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    ARRIVE (Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Initial Vascular Events)

    Gaziano JM, et al. Lancet 2018; Aug 24 [Epub ahead of print]

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    ARRIVE (Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Initial Vascular Events)

    Gaziano JM, et al. Lancet 2018; Aug 24 [Epub ahead of print]

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    ARRIVE (Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Initial Vascular Events)

    Gaziano JM, et al. Lancet 2018; Aug 24 [Epub ahead of print]

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    European Guidelines on CV Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice

    Eur Heart J 2016; 37:2315-81

  • Erreichtes LDL-Cholesterin und Atherom-Regression (IVUS-Studien)

    Puri R, et al. Am Heart J. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.01.019.

    2

    1

    0

    –1

    –2

    –3

    Me

    dia

    n C

    ha

    ng

    e in

    PA

    V (

    %)

    Average On-Treatment LDL-C (mg/dL)40 60 80 100 120

    REVERSALPravastatin

    REVERSALAtorvastatin

    CAMELOTPlacebo

    STRADIVARIUSPlacebo

    ILLUSTRATEAtorvastatin

    SATURNAtorvastatin

    SATURNRosuvastatin

    ASTEROIDRosuvastatin

    GLAGOVEvolocumab

    PAV = percentage atheroma volume

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  • • Statine• Antithrombozytika• Antihypertensiva• HDL-C erhöhende Subst.• Niacin/Nikotinsäure• Phospholipase Inhibitoren• PCSK9• siRNAs gegen apoB100

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  • Saturated fat does not clog the arteries: coronary heart disease is a chronic inflammatory condition, the risk of which can be

    effectively reduced from healthy lifestyle interventionsAseem Malhotra, et al. BMJ 2017; April 26

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  • Antiinflammatorische Wirkung von marinen Omega-3-FettsäurenMozaffarin D, et al. JACC 2011; 58:2047-67

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    25-Hydroxyvitamin D: MI-RisikoGiovannucci E, et al. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168:1174-80

    Nested case-control study: Health Professional FU Studyn = 18.225 Männer: 454 Myokardinfarkte vs. 900 Kontrollen

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    Metaanalyse Alkokolkonsum und kardiovaskulärer Outcome

    Ronksley P, et al. BMJ 2011; 342:d671

  • Inflammationsmarker der Atherosklerose

    Estruch R, et al. Atherosclerosis 2004; 175:117-23

    BEFORE AFTER

    hs-CRP (mg/L) 1.63 +/- 0.97 1.28 +/- 1.02*

    Fibrinogen (g/dL) 0.26 +/- 0.06 0.23 +/- 0.06*

    VCAM (ng/mL) 457 +/- 164 381 +/- 164*

    ICAM-1 (ng/mL) 320 +/- 107 291 +/- 105*

    IL-1 alpha (pg/mL) 51 +/- 33 41 +/- 37*

    *p

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    ■ Atherosklerose ist eine systemische, inflammatorische

    Erkrankung.

    ■ Meiste MI entstehen auf Basis flacher, vulnerabler, da

    inflammatorischer Plaques, daher ohne Prodromi.

    Symptomatik unzureichender Prädiktor (in 50% 1.

    Symptom = Tod).

    ■ 90% der kardialen Ereignisse sind vermeidbar

    (INTERHEART 2007); 80% der klassischen RF sind

    Lebensstil-vermittelt: Bewegung, Ernährung,

    Entspannung (Stressmedizin); alle indirekt

    antiinflammatorisch wirksam.

    Zusammenfassung I

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    ■ Evidenz der Statintherapie unabhängig von

    Symptomatik.

    ■ ASS bleibt an relevante Atherosklerose gebunden,

    keine ubiquitäre Primärprävention (ESC 2018)

    ■ Antiinflammatorische Prävention im direkteren

    Sinne: Omega-3-Fettsäuren; Vitamin D;

    moderater Alkoholkonsum.

    ■ Eine antinflammatorische Pharmakotherapie der

    Atherosklerose ist reelle Zukunft (Cantos 2017).

    Zusammenfassung II

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