BEE Strommarkt Flexibilisierung Lenck - Energy Brainpool · 2015. 2. 9. · Vq~m zs tm r ~ puq...

^rpnllbpjrDUkfticikiqifpsmg

Wfllmiqqf sme [wqsmgqjnmuforf

Yswo f}~nso sv U~p}{kq no| VYY oHiH

Vupv}tw|tT

[p}w~utG^}x u kx}st}tvxt }s

Z}tvxtt|trw}xz C^kZgD

Wttxrw Z}tvxtxrwpu B ctqtxtq

`}xv~ OS

MNKKS `pt{

Ht}tvxtt|trw}xzHxtHup}w~utHst

V~t}T

bp{t _p}t}F

Xwx~w fxrwF

c~|p} \twps

`~}pzT

|p{tHyp}t}UxtHup}w~utHst

ENS CJDOPK I QL SN NPO

Z}tv Wpx}~~{ \|q] B X~H `\

Wp}st}qvxrwt gH RPIRQ

KJQKM Wt{x}

Ht}tvqpx}~~{Hr~|

hw~t} at}rzF

bpxtGa~xt ]tssxrw

`~}pzT

w~t}H{t}rzUt}tvqpx}~~{Hr~|

ENS CJDMJ I QP QP ON G KJ

L

DGG!Rncvvhqto!U{uvgovtcpuhqtocvkqpUvtqooctmv.Hngzkdknkukgtwpi!!Jgoopkuug!wpf!Nøuwpiumqp|grvg

X^Q\DHJO NLMDJDNIGJIMDLIDG

W]dGgs}ouk~pwkrvo no{ Xo~}|mrow Vslusx}rotT

aku}o ^kw|owF Wr{s|}xyr esmr}|F bx{vkw [o{rk{n}F grx{|}ow `owmtF ak{soG`x~s|o \onn{smrT

f}{xvvk{t}GZuoslsus|so{~wq \ovvws||o ~wn `|~wq|txwoy}o

dxw}o d{o||F Vxmr~vF ^kw~k{ LJKO

dxw}o d{o|| io{ukq| [vl\F f}xmt~vo{ f}{H KNRF XGNNRSL Vxmr~v

Hyxw}oGy{o||Hno

.

M

V~wno|o{lkwn Y{wo~o{lk{o Ywo{qsooHiH CVYYD

Ux Xmotq~nmzp pq~ Y~zqq~nm~qFYzq~suqzFV~mzF

otq nzpqx pq~ VYY puq ]zq~qqz {z JQ iq~F

nzpqz zp c~smzumu{zqz yu KHGHHH YuzqxyuF

sxuqpq~zE pm~zq~ yqt~ mx MGHHH hzq~zqtyqzG

luqx pq VYY u puq {xxzpusq hyqxxzs pq~ Yzq~F

suqq~{~szs mr Y~zqq~nm~q Yzq~suqz uz pqz VqF

~quotqz g~{yE j~yq zp _xq {uq a{nuxuG

\uq~ q uot pq~ iq~nmzp uznq{zpq~q r~ puq

iq~nqq~zs pq~ sqqxuotqz fmtyqznqpuzszsqz

r~ Y~zqq~nm~q Yzq~suqz quzG

)

N


n 6RTYRVab[T ORVZ BN_XaRV[a_Vaa% QR_ D]aVZVR_b[T c\[

6R`PUNub[T(KR_a_VRO OV` gbZ ]_\SR``V\[RYYR[ GV`VF

w{ymzmsqyqzG

Uwku|s|

\m||~{pw u zq~ qusqzq Zzpmyqzmxy{pqxx

r~ pqz g~{yym~wG Xm~nq~ tuzm u~p puqq rzF

pmyqzmxq a{pqxx uz gpuqz ~ a{pqxxuq~zs {z

gqzm~uqz quzsqqG lpqy nuqqz u~ quzq d~{sz{F

q r~ pqz g|{ym~w pq~ Yzq~suqn~q YdYkG

Wxw|~u}kwm

`mzsr~uusq~ Y~r{xs uy Yzq~suqtmzpqx q~xmzs quz

TbaR` 6R`PUNub[T`& b[Q GV`VX\ZN[NTRZR[a% QR`F

tmxn u Yzq~s V~muz|{{x nq{zpq~ mr puqqy [qF

nuq mwuG ]y Vq~quot q~zqq~nm~q Yzq~suqz q~qxxqz

u~ am~wquz~upuqz zp qzuowqxz [qotrF

y{pqxxqG

g{kswswq

ju~ otxqz ]t~q aum~nquq~ uz gmzpm~pFgqyuzm~qz

{pq~ uz uzpuupqxxqz ]zt{qFgqyuzm~qzG i{y d~F

qzqyuzm~ nq~ YF`qm~zuzs nu y uzq~mwuqz

EYN[`]VRY r[QR[ HVR ORV b[` QVR \]aVZNYR AR_[ZRaU\QR'

O

^}wp{ttxrw}x

j~t{{}v st e~ytzp}t HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH M

^}wp{ttxrw}x HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH O

Vqqx{s}vttxrw}x HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH P

j~~ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Q

K mp||t}up}v HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH S

L Zx}{tx}v }s mxt{ st gsxt HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH KK

M V}p{t ~} [{txqx{x~t}xp{t} HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH KM

,'* >QR[aVrXNaV\[ b[Q 5[NYf`R c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG IK

,'+ >QR[aVrXNaV\[ b[Q 5[NYf`R OR`aRUR[QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka`ZRPUN[V`ZR[GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG JL

,', E_V\_V`VR_b[T c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[ b[Q BRPUN[V`ZR[ GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG JP

N j~qt{tv}v ]tq}v st [{txqx{x~t}xp{t HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH MJ

-'* E_kZV``R[ QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka`Sl_QR_b[T GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG KH

LGJ _~r~uuswqu uy Yzq~suqtmzpqx GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG KI

LGK Xm d~uzu| pq~ ju~otmrxuotwqu GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG KI

O \}s{tvt}st bp}pw|t} ^}tvpx~} zuxxvt [{txqx{x HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH MN

MGI YotquFXmqzw{yyzuwmu{z GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG KL

MGJ Uwu{zq~rmt~qz uy iuq~qxzpqztmzpqx GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG KM

MGK Y~ttzs pq~ Zmt~|xmz~qq GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG KN

.'- >[aRT_NaV\[ c\[ sbXabVR_R[QRZ Ha_\Z V[ KR_a_VRO`]\_aS\YV\` GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG KO

MGM jquq~q amzmtyqz GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG KP

- 7PcHZLELNLV]V JH\LHNV DEEDWHP HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH MS

NGI aFfz uy fqsqxxquzsym~w GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG KQ

NGJ aFfz uy j~yqym~w C_j_D _{||xzs yu pqy j~yqqw{~ GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG LI

NGK g{zusq aFfz GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG LK

Q Vuqp ~} [{txqx{x ust} HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH NO

OGI _{zq| quzq~ Xzmyuuq~zs GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG LM

OGJ Xzmyuuq~zs mztmzp {z p~qu Vqu|uqxqz GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG LQ

OGJGI YY[Fhyxmsq GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG LQ

OGJGJ _j_FV{z GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG MK

OGJGK bqzzsqzsqxq GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG MM

R ]p}s{}vt|utw{}vt} HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH PJ

S axtp HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH PK

)( 1EM_T\WPJHP WPG 2HJTLdUGHbPLVLQPHPHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH PL

P


Vqqx{s}vttxrw}x

Vqqx{s}v LGKT [{txqx{x~x~}t} }s xwt tx{xrwt c}v HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH KK

Vqqx{s}v MGKT e~t}xp{t st [{txqx{x~x~}t} HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH KN

Vqqx{s}v MGLT e~t}xp{tF ]t||}xt }s a}vp}t e~tG~G\p HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH KO

1EELNGWPJ +&+0

Q

j~~

Xuq Yzq~suqq~{~szs pq~ iq~smzsqztqu m~ quF

qsqtqzp muotG Uz|mzsqz smn q z~ mz puq

bmotr~msqG Xq~qu p~otxr pm gqy mnq~ quzqz

~mmzqz jmzpqxG Xm~m q~sqnqz uot \q~mr{~pqF

~zsqzE mnq~ mot WtmzoqzG Xuq hyqxxzs rzwu{F

zuq~ zuot uyyq~ ~qunzsx{G Xm lmnq~{~E pmyu

pq~ nq~smzs ysxuot ~qunzsx{ sqmxq q~pqz

XN[[% YNbaRa ;YReVOVYV`VR_b[T' 5OR_ NbPU ;YReVOVYV`VR_b[T

u wquz gqxnxrq~G \qyyzuq yqz nq~zpqz

q~pqzG

Xm qz{~yq d{qzumx mz szus q~qsnm~q~ juzpF

zp diFYzq~suq u~p wzrus pqz quzqz Yow|rquxq~ pq~

9[R_TVRcR_`\_Tb[T OVYQR[' 8R_ N[QR_R 9PX]SRVYR_ r[F

QRa `VPU V[ ;\_Z cVRYR_ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[% QVR QRZ

gqy pqz z{qzpusqz Usxquot {z uqx zp

qzus g~{y xuqrq~z q~pqzG ]z {~mzsqsmzsqzqz

gpuqz pq~ VYY dxmr{~y gqy~mzr{~ymu{z tmF

nqz u~ mrqusqz wzzqzE pm q quz ~quottmxusq

Uzsqn{ mz qotzuotqz `zsqz sunE pqz Y~zqq~F

nm~qz nq~ot~{y ~qotquus uzz{xx quzqF

qzG g{yu u quzq X~{qxzs pq Unm m q~F

{~szsqotzuotqz guotq~tqunq~xqszsqz zuot

z{qzpusG Ynqzrmxx wmzz m~quotqzp g~{y ~

iq~rszs sqqxx q~pqzE qzz puq g{zzq ymx zuot

otquz zp pq~ juzp zuot qt mot nq~ xzsq~q

dq~u{pqzG `qupq~ u~wqz z{ot uyyq~ q~otuqpqzq

\qyyzuq pq nqqtqzpqz g~{yym~wq zp puq

SRUYR[QR c\YYàk[QVTR >[aR_[NYV`VR_b[T ReaR_[R_ 9uRXaR

w{z~m|~{pwu nqu pq~ Yzuowxzs puqq~ nqupqz

Yow|rquxq~G Xuq qz~mxqE uot tuq~ mzotxuqqzpq Z~mF

sq m~ q {yuE m puq |{xuuotqz Yzotqupq~ z

wzzqzE y puqq c|u{zqz mot uz pqz am~w

n~uzsqzG

ju~ r~qqz zE zz yu puqq~ gpuq puq Y~sqnzuq

quzq g{zpuq~zs|~{qq {~qxxqz wzzqzE

pqz pq~ VYY zp quzq g|m~qzq~nzpq nq~ yqt~qF

~q a{zmq yu pqz dm~zq~z pq~ dxmr{~y p~otsqrt~

tmnqz zp pq~ zq~ mzpq~qy mr {~msqsmzsqzqz

Z{~otzs|~{vqwqz pq~ Y~zqq~nm~qzFV~mzotq rG

Xm Y~sqnzu u quz p~qusqsxuqpq~q~ amzmtyqzwmF

mx{s yu

n 5[`kagR[% QVR URYSR[% ORàRUR[QR >[sReVOVYVakaR[ VZ

am~w mnnmqzE

n 5[`kagR[% QVR QR[ S_bPUaON_R[ 6\QR[ Sm_ RV[R

dRaaORdR_OYVPUR 9[adVPXYb[T QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aVF

{zqz nq~quqzE {tzq c|u{zqz sqsqznq~ mzpq~qz

nq{~sqz zp

n 5[`kagR[% QVR RV[R R[a`]_RPUR[QR 9[adVPXYb[T

sN[XVR_R['

Y u z zp pqz gpuqzm{~qz nqE pm

p{~E { jmzpqx {~sqotxmsqz u~pE puqq~ {~uotF

us quzsqxquq q~pqz yE y mxxqz am~wmwq~qz

puq asxuotwqu pq~ dm~uu|mu{z sqnqzG Y u z

mnq~ mot uotus nq{zqzE pm q uy guzzq quF

[R_ X\àR[RvgVR[aR[ I_N[`S\_ZNaV\[ [VPUa Sb[XaV\F

zuq~qz wmzzE zqnqz pq~ zqqz Yzq~suqqx z{ot quz

quq s~zpxmsq|~sq gqy yuuqtqzG

^q ztq~ u~ mnq~ pqy luqx quzq~ IHHF|~{qzusqz Y~F

zqq~nm~qz g~{yq~{~szs w{yyqzE pq{ ~wq~

q~pqz u~ pqz nq~otusqz g~{y uy j~yqqwF

{~ zp r~ puq a{nuxu quzqqz wzzqzE {p~ot

uot pm [qmymrw{yyqz mz bqzzsqzsqxF

qzE YY[Fhyxmsqnqu~msE _{zqu{zmnsmnqz zp

g~{yqq~z mot r~ puq zuot ym~wmzsq|mqz

g~{ywzpqz q~tt zp qzxmqzp u~wqz u~pG

;YReVOVYVaka Zb`` `VPU V[ MbXb[Sa _R[aVR_R[% b[Q >[sReVF

nuxu pm~r uot zuot x{tzqzG Xqqsqz q~sun q mot

quzqz xquot q~wqzznm~qz guzzE pm q pm Vq q uE

puq m~~qz d~qunqmzpquxq mzsqtqz zp d~quuF

szmxq pm~mr m~uotqzR g~{y {xxq q~q~ q~pqzE

qzz q quzq m~wq {pq~ qt~ m~wq bmotr~msq sun

zp |~quq~q~E qzz q quzq otmotq {pq~ qt~

otmotq bmotr~msq sunG

ju~ yotqz z mz puqq~ gqxxq nqu pqz nqquxusqz

hzq~zqtyqz zp ausxuqpq~nzpqz {uq nqu mxxqz

9e]R_aR[ ORQN[XR[% QVR QN` E_\WRXa ZVa GNa b[Q INa%

NOR_ NbPU r[N[gVRYY b[aR_àmaga UNOR[' 8NORV ZlPUF

qz u~ uznq{zpq~q \quz~uot Vm~qx q~tzqzE pq~

mx xmzsvt~usq i{~mzpyusxuqp pq VYY zp pq

R


VjY puq |~{pwuq Uquzmzpq~qzs yu puqqy

IURZN TRS\_QR_a b[Q ORSl_QR_a b[Q `\ZVa NbPU RV[R[

qqzxuotqz iq~puqz mz puqq~ gpuq tmG ju~ zF

otqz ]tzqz quzq |mzzqzpq `qw~qG

X~G Z~u V~uowqppq

Vzpqq~nmzp Y~zqq~nm~q Yzq~suq

\q~ymzz Uxnq~

Vzpqq~nmzp juzpqzq~suq

S

2K mp||t}up}v

Xuq ~ ]zqs~mu{z Y~zqq~nm~q~ Yzq~suqz uz pqz nqF

àRUR[QR[ Ha_\ZZN_Xa OR[laVTaR ;YReVOVYVaka Và URbaR

nq~qu uz s~{qy hyrmzs {~tmzpqzG juq qnqzrmxx

uy [~znot Yuz g~{yym~w r~ puq Yzq~suqqzpq

nqot~uqnqzE u~p pq~ Yuzm vqp{ot p~ot rqtxqzpq

{pq~ rmxot u~wqzpq fqsxm~uqz nqtuzpq~G [~zp

pmr~ uzp puq uz puqq~ gpuq mzmxuq~qz \qyyF

[V``R% QVR RV[R 5XaVcVR_b[T QR` ;YReVOVYVaka`]\aR[gVNY`

uy am~w nqtuzpq~zG

Z{xsqzpq dzwq uzp tuq~ mzrt~qzR

n 8VR CNPUS_NTR_ R_UNYaR[ NbST_b[Q QR_ IN_VSà_bXF

~qz z~ mnsqototq {pq~ wquzq mwqxxqz guF

szmxq m pqy g|{ym~w zp tmnqz pmyu z~

sq~uzsq asxuotwquqzE p~ot ut~ Unzmtyqq~tmxF

qz ut~qz d~qu nquyyqzG

n JZYNTR[% 5OTNOR[% 9[aTRYaR b[Q HaRbR_[ dR_QR[

mr puq g~{y|~quq pq~ iq~n~motq~ mppuq~ zp

cR__V[TR_[ QR[ 9V[sb`` QR` BN_XaR` NbS QR[ 9[QF

|~qu zp pmyu pqqz guszmxrzwu{zG

n 5Z H]\aZN_Xa `V[Q QR_gRVa [b_ TR_V[TR E_RV`F

`]_RNQ` gdV`PUR[ RV[gRY[R[ Hab[QR[ c\_gbr[QR['

am~w|~qusxqzpq fqsxm~uqz zq~qz puqq

YzuowxzsG

n 5Z GRTRYYRVàb[T`ZN_Xa Xl[[R[ NbST_b[Q QR_ NbS

qq~nm~q Y~qszsquztquqz mnsquyyqz

5[S\_QR_b[TR[ XNbZ [RbR IRPU[\Y\TVR[ V[aRT_VR_a

dR_QR[' MbQRZ ORQV[TR[ QVR KR_]sVPUab[TR[ NZ

fqsqxxquzsym~w pqz aFfzFVq~uqn pq~

IRVY[RUZR_ mOR_ QVR TR`NZaR Ak[TR QR` GRTRYYRVF

zs|~{pwG

n 8N` ;YReVOVYVaka`]\aR[gVNY aUR\_RaV`PU sReVOYR_ @_NSaF

q~wq u~p zuot msqzE pm puq Uz~quq ~

g|{ym~w{|uyuq~zs quzsqot~zw uzpG ly

IRVY `V[Q WRQ\PU NbPU aRPU[V`PUR 6R`PU_k[Xb[F

sqz mrs~zp pq~ _~mrq~wqotz{x{suq {pq~ pq

@_NSadR_X`NYaR_`

KJ


2akwkrvo Xo}ksu| ~{ hv|o}~wq

nq~yuxzs {z fàFaqq~qz mz pqz V_i uz Yotqu

aqpmqz mz pqz iq~{~sq~ nq~yuqxzE pmyu Vuxmzw~qunq~nxuow sqsqnqz zp VuxmzmFsxquot uz Yotqu ysxuot u

ù}upu pq iuq~qxzpqztmzpqx q~ttqz Uxxq am~wquxzqtyq~ {xxqz puq iuq~qxzpq nqu~otmrqzE pmyu quz Usxquot uy am~w àNaar[QR[ XN[[' =VR_gb 9_YRVPUaR_b[T QR` KVR_Fqxzpqztmzpqx {uq ~wq~q gmzwu{zuqF~zs qymuotq~ Unquotzsqz

Z~pq~zs pq~ ju~otmrxuotwqu c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka

KR_OR``R_aR HVPUaON_XRVa c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka``VT[NYR[c\Z H]\aZN_Xa N[ QVR IRVY[RUZR_% QNZVa HPUNSFrzs |{ym~wnmuq~q~ Zuzmzuq~zsysxuotFwquqz

fqsqxxquzsy~wq mz|mqz iq~w~zs pq~ i{~xmrqu zp pq~ d~{pwxzFTR% GRTRYYRVàb[TÒR_RVaàRYYb[T Qb_PU sbXabVRF~qzp quz|quqzpq Y~zqq~nm~q Yzq~suqz q~ysFxuotqz

;YReVOVYV`VR_b[T c\[ 6V\ZN``RN[YNTR[ jquq~qzuowxzsE a{zu{~uzs {uq g~wzs QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka`]_kZVR #TTS' LVRQR_RV[SmU_b[T Sm_CRbN[YNTR[ \QR_ Hak_Xb[T QR` ;YReVOVYVaka`gbFotxmsD

Unnm pq~ aFfzF`quzs {z _j_FUzxmsqz

Z~pq~zs pq ~{yym~w{~uqzuq~qz Vq~uqn CG VG Xzmyuuq~zs pq _j_FV{zE iq~sFzs p~ot nxuotqz d~qu quq~qzuowqxzDE YzFw{||xzs pq~ j~yqzqr~pq~zs {y _j_FUzquxE G VG p~ot quz \q~mnqqz pq~ [~qzq

>[aRT_NaV\[ c\[ sbXabVR_R[QRZ Ha_\Z V[iq~~uqn|{~r{xu{

Xu~qwq YYF]zqs~mu{z mq~tmxn pq YY[Fiq~Fszsqy ~wqzE pmyu bmotr~msq zmot ;YReVOVYVaka àRVTR_[% g' 6' Qb_PU B\QRYYR dVR QN`[~z~{yym~wy{pqxx

[qmyw{qzzq~mxq Xzmyuuq~zs pq~ YY[Fhyxmsq

JZàRYYb[T QR_ 99

KK

3

L Zx}{tx}v }s mxt{ st gsxt

Xuq uz Xqotxmzp qus {~mzot~quqzpq Yzq~F

suqqzpq qxx puq Uwq~q pq Yzq~suqqy {~

uyyq~ zqq \q~mr{~pq~zsqzG ]y lsq pq~ hyF

àRYYb[T NbS RV[R KR_`\_Tb[T Nb` sbXabVR_R[QR[% [b_

w~r~uus |~{sz{uuq~nm~qz eqxxqzE yqz uot

Y~qsq~ uq _{zyqzqz ~zp y puq Y~zqq~F

nm~qz Yzq~suqz zq |{uu{zuq~qzR Xuq nutq~usq c~uF

qzuq~zs pq _~mrq~wnq~uqn mz pq~ bmotr~msq

quot quzq~ U~uotzs mz pq~ ~qupmxqz `mG Uot

bmotr~msq~ p~otxmrqz uz lwzr quzqz f{xxqzqotF

qxG guq q~pqz mx d~{yqzqz uy Yzq~suqym~w mwF

aVc \QR_ ORaRVYVTR[ `VPU NY` 9_Tk[gb[T RV[R` sReVOYR[

_~mrq~w|m~w p~ot puq U~uotzs ut~q~ iq~F

n~motyqzsqz mz pq~ Y~qszsumu{z mz pq~

]zqs~mu{z pq~ Y~zqq~nm~qz Yzq~suqzG Uxxqz VqquxusF

qz sqyquzmy u pmnquE pm mxqE m~~q iq~tmxqzF

yq~ zqtyqzp mrsqn~{otqz q~pqz zp quzqy

gqy dxm ymotqzE uz pqy puq _{{~puzuq~zs {z

Y~qszs zp iq~n~mot uz pq~ w~qz Z~u mF

r[QRa' 8NZVa Và ;YReVOVYVaka RV[ HPUYm``RYORT_Vu% QR_

uqxrmot mx lmyyqzrmzs quzq Vzpqx mz

asxuotwquqz q~mzpqz u~pE y puq d~{pwu{zF

yqzsqz m juzpF zp diFUzxmsqz uzz{xx uz Yzq~F

suqqy uzqs~uq~qzG

5bS 9_gRbTR_& b[Q CNPUS_NTR`RVaR ReVàVR_R[ QNORV cR_F

`PUVRQR[R IRPU[\Y\TVR[% QVR Qb_PU VU_R[ 9V[`Nag ;YRF

eVOVYVaka V[` 9[R_TVR`fàRZ O_V[TR[' >[ 5OOVYQb[T +&*

Và RV[R R[a`]_RPUR[QR 9V[\_Q[b[T _RYRcN[aR_ ;YReVOVF

xu{|u{zqz uz pqz quxuotqz \{~u{z pq~ Yzq~suqF

qzpq otqymuot pm~sqqxxG hzq~ puqqz sun q

NbPU RV[R

KL


3

JZ XRV[R IRPU[\Y\TVR TR`\[QR_a V[ QR[ K\_QR_T_b[Q

QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka`Sl_QR_b[T gb `aRYYR[% dV_Q V[ QR_ ;\YF

TR `\dRVa dVR ZlTYVPU RV[R aRPU[\Y\TVR\uR[R ;l_F

QR_b[T c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka b[aR_`bPUa' 9[a`]_RPUR[Q

qqz uot puq i{~otxsq m q~otuqpqzqzE

nq~s~qurqzpqz amzmtyqz myyqzE puq uzF

tmxxuot s~||uq~ q~pqzG bqnqz s~zpxqsqzpqz

amzmtyqzE puq quzq c|uyuq~zs pq \mzpqx

zqtyqzp uz puq w~q Z~u n~uzsqzE q~pqz

\qyyzuq nqpuzs p~ot qzq~suqu~otmrF

xuotq fqsxm~uqz mr Y~qsq~F {pq~ iq~{~sq~quF

q mp~quq~G Xqz gotq~|zw uy xqqz dmwq

OVYQRa QVR ;l_QR_b[T QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka QR_ Ha_\ZF

zmotr~msq~G g{ wmzz quz yrmqzpq Vuxp quzq~

;YReVOVYVaka`Sl_QR_b[T NbS ORVQR[ HRVaR[ QR` 9[R_F

suqqy mrsqqus q~pqzG

KM

4

M V}p{t ~} [{txqx{x~t}xp{t}

MHK -;[Qbà_VR

n 8RZN[Q HVQR BN[NTRZR[a V[ =NbÙNYaR[ c\[

Yzpq~n~motq~zG

5bS cV_abRYYR @_NSadR_XR dV_Q VZ ;\YTR[QR[ [VPUa Re]YVF

u quzsqsmzsqzE mot qzz puqq p~ot puq VzpqF

Yb[T àRbR_ON_R_ b[Q sbXabVR_R[Q RV[`]RV`R[QR_ 5[YNF

TR[ gb`kagYVPUR ;YReVOVYVaka`]\aR[gVNYR UROR[ Xl[[R['

]y Z{xsqzpqz u~p quzq Uzmxq pq~ \qyyzuq r~

QR[ 9V[`Nag QR_ \OR[ TR[N[[aR[ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aVF

\[R[ Qb_PUTRSmU_a' ;m_ WRQR QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[

u~p pm~sqqxxE uz qxotqy Vq~quot \qyyzuq nqu

pq~ Yuznuzpzs uz pm pq~quusq Yzq~suqqy nqF

àRUR[' >Z ;\YTR[QR[ dR_QR[ QVR RV[gRY[R[ ;YReVOVYVF

aka`\]aV\[R[% E\aR[gVNYR b[Q dR`R[aYVPUR `]RgVr`PUR

\qyyzuq w~ q~xq~G

8VR =RZZ[V``R gb_ >[aRT_NaV\[ QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka `V[Q V[

qot _mqs{~uqz zq~quxG

n IRPU[V`PUR =R_Nb`S\_QR_b[TR[3

n|G auzpqq~qszsxquzsqz {z tq~F

yuotqz _~mrq~wqzE g|quotq~pmq~ nqu VmqF

~uqzE

n LV_a`PUNSaYVPUXRVa Ogd' >[cRàVaV\[``VPUR_URVa3

hzq~ pq~quusqz fmtyqznqpuzszsqz u quz

;YReVOVYVaka`RV[`Nag dV_a`PUNSaYVPU [VPUa NOgbOVYQR[

n|G mrs~zp zuot m~quotqzpq~ d~quzq~F

otuqpq uy g~{yym~wE

n BN_XagbTN[T`c\_Nb``Ragb[TR[ b[Q 5[]N``b[T`F

nqpm~r nqqtqzpq~ d~{pwq r~ quzqz YuzmR

n|G d~{pwxzsq w~ {pq~ xmzsE i{~F

xmrqu z|mqzp {pq~ i{~tmzpqzquz mzpq~q~

am~wsmzsnm~~uq~qzE

n 5[S\_QR_b[TR[ V[

KN


4

uot qzqpq~ p~ot quzq Vq~quqxxzs {z Y~qF

szsxquzs {pq~ p~ot quzq fqpwu{z pq~ bmotF

r~msqG bqsmuq jq~q nqot~qunqz puq fqpwu{z pq~

Y~qszs {pq~ puq Y~ttzs pq~ bmotr~msqG

dxo{G}xG[k|

Ux d{q~F{F[m Cd[D u~p puq hymzpxzs {z

Ha_\Z ZVaaRY` 9YRXa_\Yf`R V[ LN``R_à\u #=JD zp

ssrG xuot puq hymzpxzs uz aqtmz CW\LD nqF

quotzqG Vqupq Yzq~suq~sq~ uzp uy [qsqzm

g~{yE q~txzuyus quzrmot zp uz s~{qz aqzF

sqz |quotq~nm~G ]z lquqz quzq~ t{tqz g~{yq~rsF

nm~wqu wmzz d[ { sqz q~pqzE y g~{y

|quotq~zG lsxquot u quzq fowq~~{yzs pq

sq|quotq~qz [mq uz _~mrq~wqz ysxuotG Xuq

IRPU[\Y\TVR Và gdN_ cR_SmTON_% ORQN_S NOR_ [\PU dRVF

aR_R_ 9[adVPXYb[T' 8VR JZdN[QYb[T gb LN``R_à\u

nG aqtmz zp quzq fowq~~{yzs rt~qz

q~tqnxuotqz ju~wzss~mpq~xqzG ^q zmot quzsqF

`RagaR[ IRPU[\Y\TVR[ b[Q E_\gR```PU_VaaR[ ORa_kTa

pq~ [qmyu~wzss~mp Cyu fowq~~{yzsD z~

uotqz KHLM BG X~ot quzq luotqz|quotqF

~zs uy Y~psmzq {pq~ mzpq~qz Y~psm|quotq~z

u puq g|quotq~wm|mu vqp{ot zmtq znqs~qzG

U qzq~suqqyqotzuotq~ guot u d[ mrs~zp

pq~ t{tqz ]zquu{zw{qz zp g|quotq~q~xq

z~ mx mu{zmxq~ g|quotq~ sqquszqE q~rxx pmp~ot

mnq~ xmzsr~uus quzq gotxqx~{xxq mr pqy jqs tuz

quzq~ ~quz ~qsqzq~muqz g~{yF nG Yzq~suqq~F

{~szsG

8VR IRPU[\Y\TVR Và Nb`

KO

4

+B

KP


4

nqs~qzG Xm d{qzumx u {yu m~w {z pq~ YzF

uowxzs pq [qmyqy mntzsusG _~uwmxxm q

mxG CJHIKD sqnqz mr Vmu pq~ gq~nqxuzuq pq tqusqz

@_NSadR_X`]N_X` b[Q QR_ 8VuR_R[g Nb` BNeVZNY& b[Q

auzpqxquzs quz wyxuq~q ̀ mzpq~zs|{qzF

umx {z KJ [j r~ JHIKE JKEM [j uz JHJH zp ILEL

f\^WQ\KW\e]cO j lOaSLUO =[KP]`O[TO "SWTU' =H=#

KQ

4

dy||quotq~w~mrq~wq CdgjD zp Vmq~uq|quotq~E

mnq~ mot X~owxr|quotq~ q~qtqzG dgj q~rF

TR[ URbaR NY` RaNOYVR_aR IRPU[\Y\TVR mOR_ RV[ E\aR[gVNY

{z ~zp NEM [jG Vqu pqz dgj nqqtqz quzq iuqxF

gNUY N[ E_\WRXa]YN[b[TR[ #RadN -%+

KR


4

Zuosluo Vsxvk||o

Uzxmsqz ~ g~{yq~qszs m Vu{ymq tmnqz puq

asxuotwqu uq w{zqzu{zqxxq _~mrq~wq nqpm~rsqF

~qot |~{puq~qzG ]znq{zpq~q Vu{smF zp Vu{F

yqtmzmzxmsqz quszqz uot s~zpxuot r~ quzqz

sReVOYR[ 6Ra_VRO' 6RQV[Ta Qb_PU QVR 5b`TRàNYab[T QR_

Z~pq~nqpuzszsqz uzp puq yquqz Uzxmsqz vqp{ot

mr quzq [~zpxmrmt~quq msq~uotq zp |~{pF

uq~qz {yu zmntzsus {z pq~ Uzsqn{F zp bmotF

r~msqumu{z g~{yG Yuzq Y~ttzs pq~ qxqw~uotqz

`quzs pq~ Uzxmsq ssrG uz _{ynuzmu{z yu pq~ Y~~uotF

zs quzq [m|quotq~ q~ysxuot pqz Vu{ymqmzF

xmsqzE puq sxquotq vt~xuotq g~{yyqzsq nqpm~rsq~qot

quz|quqzG Xm Vu{ymqmzxmsqz uz pq~ fqsqx p~ot

_~mrFj~yqF_{||xzs qnqz{ j~yq uq g~{y nqF

~quqxxqzE y puq Unzmtyq pq~ |~{puq~qz j~yq

nG puq iq~{~szs pq~ qz|~qotqzpqz j~yqqzF

wq sqt~xquq nxqunqz zp ssrG quz j~yq|quotq~

V[àNYYVR_a dR_QR[' 8N` ;YReVOVYVaka`]\aR[gVNY V[`TR`NZa

u yu nu JH [j |{uuq~ mx mot zqsmuq~ `quF

zs qt~ t{ot C_~uwmxxm q mxG JHIKDG

=RZZ[V``R VZ 6R_RVPU QR_ ;YReVOVYV`VR_b[T R_TROR[

uot {~ mxxqy p~ot puq xuot z{qzpusqz ]zF

quu{zqz uz puq Y~quq~zs pq~ Uzxmsq CF

xuotq V\_jF`quzsE j~yqF zp [m|quotq~DE

puq uot pq~qu zuot mxxquz p~ot puq g|~qmp my

Ha_\ZZN_Xa b[Q RV[R TRk[QR_aR ;NU_dRV`R _Rr[N[F

uq~qz xmqzG Xm YY[ uqt quzq Z~pq~zs pq~ ZxqF

eVOVYV`VR_b[T #;YReVOVYVaka`]_kZVR(&gb`PUYNT% `VRUR @NF

|uqx KGJD {~G Vu{ymqmzxmsqz nmuq~qzp mr rqq~

Vu{ymq uzp pmnqu vqp{ot zuot quzsqotx{qzE

m quz quq~q \qyyzu pm~qxxG Xm~nq~ tuzm

ReVàVR_R[ VZ GNUZR[ QR_ ;l_QR_b[T J[XYN_URVaR[%

puq ]zquu{zzuotq~tqu q~~motqz wzzqz

Cuqtq _m|uqx KGJDG

3LLSUN^WQ +&-2 BX]OWcSKUO% ;OVVWS\\O ^WN >f\^WQ\KW\e]cO j lOaSLUO 4SXVK\\O

KS

4

1f\^WQ\KW\e]cO j CON^T]SXW 6K[QOLX] l^T]^SO[OWN OSW\YOS\OWNO[ 77

LJ


4

lquqz quzq sq~uzsqz Uzsqn{ q~tt u~pG Yuz VquF

|uqx tuq~r~ u pq~ Yuzm {z Yxqw~{tquwqqxz {pq~

[~{~yq|y|qz uz pq~ Zq~z~yqG

d\ wmzz xqpusxuot Cnq~otusqD g~{yq~qszs

mrzqtyqz CY~ttzs pq iq~n~motDE mnq~ wquzq

xuotq Y~qszs r~ pm g~{yqy nq~quF

qxxqzG Xm d{qzumx r~ d\ tzs {z pq~ iq~rsF

nm~wqu pq nq~ot~{y zp pq~ Cmu{zmxqzD

j~yqzmotr~msq uz ~qxqmzqz j~yqqzwqz {~

mxxqy uz pq~ Zq~z~yq mnG ]z _~uwmxxm q mxG JHIK

u~p quz d{qzumx {z IIEO [j Czqsmuq `quzsD

sqzmzzG bqnqz quzqy ~quz ~{yym~wnmuq~qz

YuzmE u mot puq bzs {z d\ nqu bqqzsF

|qz ysxuotE uz{rq~z puq qotzuotqz i{~mqF

gb[TR[ R_SmYYa `V[Q #_kbZYVPUR` 5bSRV[N[QR_a_RuR[ QR_

Y~qszsF zp d\FUzxmsqz {uq pq~ j~yqqzF

wqE bqqzs|m u d\ zmotsqxmsq~DG ]z g|qumxrxF

xqz wmzz pqy quz Yuzm {z d\ ~ iq~yqupzs

pq bqmnm u~otmrxuot quzG

Xm u~otmrxuotq d{qzumx r~ d\ tzs uy jqqzF

xuotqz {z pqz qzq~suqu~otmrxuotqz fmtyqznqpuzF

szsqz mnG Yuz \qyyzu qxxqz tuq~nqu puq mmxuot

uzpuq~qz g~{y|~qunqmzpquxq pm~ CYY[FhyxmsqE

g~{yqq~E bqqzsqxqDE puq pq~qu quzqz g~{ynqF

s r~ d\ qxn nqu zqsmuqz d~quqz zq~nuzpqzG

]y Vq~quot pq~ fqsqxqzq~suq wzzqz d\FUzxmsqz

vqp{ot nq~qu u~otmrxuot nq~uqnqz q~pqz zp

puq w{zqzu{zqxxq aFfzFY~qszs qzwqzG ]y

6R_RVPU QR_ CRagR[T]k``R ReV`aVR_R[ QR_gRVa XRV[R_YRV

GNUZR[ORQV[Tb[TR[ Sm_ RV[R RvgVR[aR Cbagb[T c\[

mnsq~qsqxqy g~{y m Y~zqq~nm~qz Yzq~suqz puq

ju~otmrxuotwqu u tuq~nqu mot mrs~zp pq~ sq~uzF

sqz mnsq~qsqxqz YYFaqzsqz tqq zp mr mnqtF

nm~q lqu {uq vq zmot Yzuowxzs pq bqmnm

zuot tuz~quotqzp r~ quzq ]zquu{zG lpqy wmzz d\

O__egaoic HCKN Zjnbire^gbB Sbhhiemmb oia Wvmoicm^imunrb s ZjpblCnjCSb^n

LK

4

vq zmot U~ pq sqzqz g~{y zp vq zmot quzsqF

`RagaR_ IRPU[\Y\TVR lX\Y\TV`PU [NPUaRVYVT TRTR[mOR_

pq~ j~yqq~qszs m Y~psmF\quwqqxz {pq~

U\PURvgVR[aR_ @L@ `RV[ #6RV`]VRY3 QR_gRVaVTR_ 99&BVe

zp Yxqw~{tquwqqxDG d\ {xxq pmtq~ uznq{zpq~q

pqz Uzqux mz YYFg~{y zqzE pq~ {z mnsq~qsqx

~pq C[q~tm~p q mxG JHILDG

Xovkwn fsno akwkqovow} ]wn~|}{so ~wn

[\X

Vquy Xga ~qmsuq~qz g~{yq~n~motq~ p~ot Uz|mF

`b[T VU_R_ AN`a NbS ;YReVOVYVaka`R[T]k``R b[Q E_RV``VF

szmxq uy Yzq~suqqyG g{ wzzqz nqu|uqxquq

fqsqxqzq~suq nq~qusqqxx zp `mqz q~xmsq~ q~F

pqzG Xq~ Yuzm uy Vq~quot fqsqxqzq~suq nqot~zw

uot uy jqqzxuotqz mr zqsmuq fqsqxxquzs zp

wmzz puq w{zqzu{zqxxq aFfzFY~qszs ~qF

puq~qzG Vqu pq~ `mq~xmsq~zs u~p pq~ g~{yF

q~n~mot uzp~uqxxq~ d~{qq zp Uzqzpzsqz

mr lqu|zwq yu t{tq~ g~{yq~rsnm~wqu zp

zuqp~usqz d~quqz {~sq{sqz {pq~ q~ot{nqzG Xm

XgaFd{qzumx uz pq~ ]zp~uq nq~s otzsF

quq J [j mnotmxnm~q `quzs zp LEL [j F

otmxnm~q `quzs CiXY JHIJE XYbU JHIHE _~uwmxxm

q mxG JHIKDG

Vqsxuot pq~ `mq~otuqnzs|{qzumxq nqqt

quzq t{tq hzuotq~tquG _x{nmm w{yy pqxuot

ttq~qz `mq~otuqnzs|{qzumxqz uy gqw{~

>[Qb`a_VR b[Q VZ HRXa\_

LL


4

qzpzsqz uzp uy t{tqz amq {z pq~ UqzF

qy|q~m~ mntzsusE qtmxn quzq hzq~otqupzs

pq~ d{qzumxq uotqz g{yyq~F zp juzq~y{zmF

qz uzz{xx uG ]z gyyq w{yy _x{nmm pqy

HPUYb``% QN`` ZNeVZNY */

LM

4

Xovkwn fsno akwkqovow} \k~|rku}o

Xm _{zq| pq Xga uz \mtmxqz u tzxuot uq

uz pq~ ]zp~uq pq~ bmotqux u vqp{otE pm puq

qq~nm~qz iq~n~motxmqz CG VG qxqw~{zuotq

\mtmxsq~q uq jmotymotuzqzE _txF zp

[qr~uq~sq~q zp uznq{zpq~q \quzsF zp j~F

yq|y|qzD pqxuot sq~uzsq~q `quzsqz mrquqzG

hy `mq~xmsq~zsqz q~ysxuotqzE u quzq uzF

qxxusqzq iq~zqzs quzq~ [~{mtx mz qq~nm~qz

[q~qz z{qzpusG Yuzq d{qzumxnqq~zs u {~

pqy \uzq~s~zp pq~ uqxrxusqz Uzr{~pq~zsqz mz

8HB V[ =Nb`UNYaR[ X\Z]YRe b[Q ZVa QRbaYVPUR[ J[F

uotq~tquqz nqtmrqG ^q zmot gpuq zp YzuowF

xzsqzm~u{ u~p pm d{qzumx pqy qt~ zq~F

otuqpxuot quzsqotG Xm zqsmuq d{qzumx tzs

uznq{zpq~q {y Unm pq~ j~yq|y|qz zp

pqy pm{z motxuot znm~qz d{qzumx mnG ]z

_~uwmxxm q mxG JHIK u~p quz d{qzumx {tzq j~yqF

|y|qz uz \tq {z HEN [j |{uuq~ zp JEK [j

zqsmuq~ `quzs sqzmzzG Xm xuotq j~yqF

|y|qz|{qzumx nq~s HELM [j |{uuq zp FJEJ

[j zqsmuq `quzsG

LVR VZ >[Qb`a_VR&(

LN


4

pq~qz Yuzm qzq~suqqyqotzuot q~ quzqy

|q~qz lqu|zw nqu t{tqz Uzquxqz Y~zqq~nm~q~

Yzq~suqz z{qzpusE { pm m~quotqzp lqu nxqunE

`zsqz pmr~ qzuowqxz Cdm|q q mxG JHILDG Vqu

d{q~F{F\qm nqqtqz m~ uz uqxqz zq~otuqpF

xuotqz Vq~quotqz \qyyzuqE puq quzqz Yuzm q~F

otq~qzE ~{pqy q~pqz pq~qu nq~qu Uzxmsqz

mOR_ RV[R IRVY[NUZR NZ GRTRYYRVàb[T`ZN_Xa _RNYVF

`VR_a b[Q r[N[gVR_a' 8VR c\_YVRTR[QR HabQVR S\Xb``VR_a

puq uzsqmy ~qxqmzqqz zq~ pqz ysxuotqz

\qyyzuqzG Yuzq {xxyrzsxuotq Vqq~zs vqF

QR_ RV[gRY[R[ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[ NYYRV[ NbS 6N`V` QR_

=RZZ[V`ZNa_Ve Và QNUR_ [VPUa ZlTYVPU' 8R[[\PU Và

QNc\[ Nb`gbTRUR[% QN`` QVR E\aR[gVNYR QR_ sReVOYR[

6V\ZN``R% sReVOYR_ @_NSadR_XR #V[XY' @L@$ b[Q QR_R[

~yqsqrt~q Vq~uqnquq {uq Xga uz pq~ ]zF

p~uq zot yu d~u{~u sqz q~pqz {xxqG

Xm Yuz|quqymzmsqyqz {xxq z~ mx xqq c|u{z

RV[TR`Raga dR_QR[% dR[[ XRV[R dRVaR_R ;YReVOVYVaka VZ

gqy ~ iq~rszs qtE pm tuq~ qyuu{zr~quq~

g~{y yu w~r~uusqz [~qzw{qz zmtq bxx mnsqF

~qsqx u~pG

MHL -;

LO

4

Xs{ot}o{vk{t}~wq

aipjsmg

Xuq Xu~qwq~ym~wzs nqu~w puq Unotmxzs pq~

p~ot puq am~w|~yuq sqr~pq~qz Y~zqq~nm~qz

Yzq~suqz nqu m~w zqsmuqz d~quqz uz \tq pq~ zqF

smuqz am~w|~yuq {pq~ mztmxqzpqz buqp~us|~quF

|tmqz Czqsmuq d~quq uz yuzpqqz qot myF

yqztzsqzpqz gzpqzDG lpqy nqqt quz Uz~quE

q~~w g~{y uz lquqz t{tq~ am~w|~quq quzF

`]RV`R[' 6RV sbXabVR_R[Q RV[`]RV`R[QR[ 9_[RbR_ON_R[

Yzq~suqzE puq zuot uz pq~ `msq uzpE ut~q d~{pwu{z

nqxuqnus qq~zE wzzqz p~ot quzq {|uyuq~q UzF

YNTR[X\[rTb_NaV\[ UlUR_R BN_Xa]_RV`R R_gVRYa dR_QR[

CcFjqFU~uotzs nqu pq~ diE t{tq f{{~F[qF

zq~m{~q~txzu nqu pq~ juzpqzq~suqDG lpqy q~F

pqz puq iq~ym~wzs zp d~{sz{q pq~ Y~zqq~nm~qz

Yzq~suqz p~ot am~wmwq~q q~ysxuot CXu~qwq~F

ym~wq~D zp pmyu puq ]zqs~mu{z uy fmtyqz pq

Vuxmzw~quymzmsqyqz q~nqq~G

Pepfqqifpr

;YReVOYR 6V\ZN``R% #sbXabVR_R[Q RV[`]RV`R[QR$ 9_[RbF

q~nm~q Yzq~suqz

Zuoslsus}}|~|mrukq I Zuoslsus}}|y{vso

aipjsmg

8VR ;YReVOVYVaka`]_kZVR Sl_QR_a RV[R[ sReVOYR[ 5[YNTR[ORF

~uqn {z Vu{smF zp Vu{yqtmzmzxmsqz uy UzxmsqzF

nqmzpG X~ot puq Z~pq~zs wzzqz quz nqpm~rsqF

~qotq~ Yuzm pq~ Vu{ymq zp quzq g~{yq~qszs

uz lquqz t{tq~ am~w|~quqE qzz puq bmotr~msq uy [qF

myqy t{ot uE q~r{xsqzG Xuq q~uqxnm~qz aqt~q~F

xq uy iq~sxquot ~ z{~ymxqz Z~pq~zs ~msqz ~

GRr[N[gVR_b[T QR_ Sm_ QR[ sReVOYR[ 6Ra_VRO [\adR[QVF

sqz Y~~uotzs xuotq~ V\_jF_m|muqz zp ssrG

[\adR[QVTR_

LP


4

uz YYFp{yuzuq~qz fqsu{zqz pmq~tmr uzz{xx quzE

y quzqz bqmnm nu ~ xqqz _ux{mzpq

q~yqupqzG Yuz bqmnm zp uzqxxusqzq amF

zmtyqz uy iq~quxzq {xxqz mnq~ i{~~mzs tmnqzE y

pqz YYFg~{y uzqs~uq~qzG

Pepfqqifpr

CZxwuq~qzp quz|quqzpqD Y~zqq~nm~q Yzq~suqzE

TTS' NbPU sReVOYR 6V\ZN``R b[Q sReVOYR @L@&@_NSaF

q~wq

fyx}vk{t}

aipjsmg

Xuq d~quq r~ g~{y my [~{tmzpqxym~w |uqsqxz

puq iq~rsnm~wqu nG buotFiq~rsnm~wqu {z g~{y

uy Yzq~suqqy upq~ zp u~wqz {{tx mr bmotF

r~msq~ mx mot mr Uznuqq~ {z g~{yG \{tq d~quq

u~wqz mx guszmx r~ xuotq Y~qszs C{pq~ iq~F

n~mot~qpwu{zDE zuqp~usq mx guszmx r~ fqpwu{z

pq~ Y~qszs C{pq~ iq~n~motq~ttzsDG Xuq d~quF

`R dV_XR[ NbS NYYR ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[% QN QVR`R NY`

KR_O_NbPUR_ b[Q(\QR_ 5[OVRaR_ c\[ Ha_\Z NZ BN_Xa

msuq~qz wzzqzG

Pepfqqifpr

5YYR ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[

eoqouuos|}~wq

aipjsmg

IUR\_RaV`PU Xl[[R[ NYYR ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[ NZ GRF

sqxxquzsym~w quxzqtyqzE qzz uq puq pmr~ z{F

qzpusqz i{~mqzsqz mz puq fqsqxxquzsnqF

~quqxxzs q~rxxqzG Xuq p{~usqz d~quq qxxqz mx{

quzqz zyuqxnm~qz Uz~qu y Yuzm pm~E tzxuot

dVR QVR H]\aZk_XaR' IRPU[V`PU `aRYYa QVR 9_O_V[Tb[T

vqp{ot t{tq Uzr{~pq~zsqz Cfqmwu{zquE iq~xF

xuotwquE Unuotq~zs pq~ `quzsD mz puq Y~n~uzsq~

{z fqsqxxquzsG [qquszqq am~w~qsqxz wzzqz

UVR_ QR[ @_RV` V[ ;_NTR X\ZZR[QR_ IRPU[\Y\TVR[

pqxuot mquqzG

Pepfqqifpr

IUR\_RaV`PU NYYR ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[% V[ QR_ E_NeV` R_F

r{xs pq~qu p~ot am~w~qsqxz zp Uzr{~pq~zsqz mz

puq Y~n~uzszs nG p~ot u~otmrxuotq \qyyzuq

[b_ RV[TR`PU_k[XaR IRVY[NUZR #8HB% sReVOYR @_NSaF

q~wqE Vu{ymqDG

U~|quosmr|owo{qso

aipjsmg

Xuq d~quq pq~ Usxquotqzq~suq qqz uot p~ot

puq mnsq~rqzqz aqzsqz pq~ gqwzp~F zp auzqzF

~qq~qm~nqu myyqzG Xuq qzmzpqzqz _{qz

q~pqz yu \uxrq pq Usxquotqzq~suqyqotmzuF

y uq~qxzpxuot mz puq zuot msqsxuotqzqz VuF

xmzw~quq sqxG Xq~ Usxquotqzq~suq|~qu qus uz

Untzsuswqu pq fqsqxxquzsmn~r t{tq ZxwF

mu{zqz yu nu yqt~q~qz tzpq~ Y~{ |~{ aqsmF

mzpqG Xuqq Zxwmu{zqz nuqqz pqz Uz~qu ~

Cbagb[T c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka% bZ 5b`TYRVPU`R[R_TVRX\`aR[

q~~uzsq~zG

Pepfqqifpr

5YYR ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[% dRYPUR V[ QR_ ANTR `V[Q%

otzqxx mr `quzszpq~zsqz ~qmsuq~qz zp

puqq r~ w~q lqu nq~quqxxqzG \uq~ w{yy nqF

{zpq~ XgaE d{q~F{F\qm zp Un~qsqxzs {z

sbXabVR_R[Q RV[`]RV`R[QR[ 9_[RbR_ON_R[ 9[R_TVR[ V[

Z~msqG

Ul|mrku}lk{o `k|}ow io{x{nw~wq CUl`kiD

aipjsmg

_{z~mtuq~zs {z mnotmxnm~qz `mqzG `mq~F

otuqnzs uz Z{~y quzq~ fqpwu{z pq~ bmotr~msq uz

lquqz yu zuqp~usqy Xm~sqn{ mz g~{y {pq~ s~zpF

`kagYVPU R_UlUaR_ CNPUS_NTR' 9_UlUb[T QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka

pq~ bmotr~msqG

Pepfqqifpr

Xga C`m~qpwu{zDE vqp{ot ~ lqu z{ot qt~ ~qF

~uwu sqmxqG

LQ

4

WcLG\kwnou

aipjsmg

Xuq WcJFd~quq u~wqz uot quzq~qu nq~ puq Y~qF

szsw{qz {z g~{y|~{pqzqz mr puq am~wF

]_RV`R Sm_ Ha_\Z Nb` b[Q ORa_RuR[ `\ZVa NYYR 9_gRbTR_

{z g~{yG [xquotq~ymqz nqqt quz pu~qwq~ YuzF

sb`` NbS NYYR ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[% QVR Ha_\Z [NPUS_NF

sqz CXgaE d\E _~qu|quotq~ d[DG Xuq ju~w~uotF

zs u vqp{ot zuot quzpqusE pm nqu|uqxquq nqu

qusqzpqz WcJ&E_RV`R[ RV[R_`RVa` gb`kagYVPUR ;YReVOVF

YVaka N[TR_RVga dV_Q #g' 6' Qb_PU RV[R[ 9V[`Nag sReVOYR_

Y~psmw~mrq~wq {pq~ quzq~ q~nqq~qz ju~otmrF

YVPUXRVa sReVOYR_% R_QTN`ON`VR_aR_ @L@&Hf`aRZR V[ QR_

;R_[dk_ZR$% NOR_ N[QR_R_`RVa` N[QR_R ;YReVOVYVaka`\]F

u{zqz sqtqyy q~pqz wzzqz Csq~uzsq~q g|~qmp

uy g~{yym~w rt~qz sq~uzsq~qz Uz~quqz r~ ZxqF

eVOVYVaka$'

Pepfqqifpr

5YYR ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[

.G7=ILPGCH>

LR


4

sus zp qxx pmtq~ xqpusxuot quzq s~{nq Yuzotzs

pq~ [~qz{~pzzs pm~G i{~ mxxqy nqu pqz q~qz

;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[ #Ea

LS

4

3L

LSUN

^WQ

+&)

*2d

LO[\SM

R]

c^[

3^\`

KRUN

O[

8UO

aSLSUS]e

]\XY

]SXW

OW

^WN

?OMRKWS\V

OW

KWR

KWN

SR[O

[B

X]O

WcSK

UO%

HS[T^

WQ

^W

NF

V\O

]cLK[TO

S]

MJ


5

N j~qt{tv}v ]tq}v st [{txqx{x~t}xp{t

Z~ puq quq~qz hzq~otzsqz puqq~ gpuq u~p

{z pqy nutq~usqz aq~ quzq~ Yuzqxnq~motzs

c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[ Nb`TRUR[Q cR_`bPUa% RV[R

mOR_TR\_Q[RaR Ha_bXab_ gb R[adVPXRY[% QVR ;YReVOVYVF

mx [mzq r~pq~G Xuq tq{~quotqz [~zpxmsqz

RV[R_ bZSN``R[QR[ ;YReVOVYVaka`Sl_QR_b[T dR_QR[ VZ

Z{xsqzpqz {~sqqxxG

NHK d{vs||ow no{ Zuoslsus}}|p{no{~wq

Xuq nutq~usqz Z~pq~qyq ~ gqusq~zs pq~

;YReVOVYVaka VZ 9[R_TVR`fàRZ gRVPU[R[ `VPU Qb_PU RV[R

ABZ dRVaR_R[ KR_YNbS dV_Q QRÙNYO XRV[R IRPU[\Y\TVR

Re]YVgVa TR`\[QR_a NQ_R``VR_a' 8N RV[ HbPU& b[Q ;V[F

pzs|~{q nq~ pqz am~w mzsq~qs q~pqz {xxE

`V[Q ORV NYYR[ 9V[T_VuR[ T_b[Q`kagYVPUR BN_XaZRPUNF

zuyqz zmot asxuotwqu zuot nq~t~qzG

;V[QRa QVR 5b`dNUY c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[ mOR_ QVR

Yzq~suqy~wq mE sux q puqq { sqmxqzE pm

Sm_ NYYR sReVOYR[ 5XaRb_R QVR TYRVPUR[ IRVY[NUZR& b[Q

\mzpxzsnqpuzszsqz nqqtqzG ]y qzsxuot|~mF

PUVTR[ GNbZ dV_Q UVR_Sm_ NbPU QR_ 6RT_Vu QR` tYRcRY

]YNfV[T rRYQq cR_dR[QRa' ;YReVOVYVaka`Sl_QR_b[T V[ QRZ

HV[[R OR`PU_RVOa NY`\ QVR HPUNub[T ZN_XaON`VR_aR_

;V[N[gVR_b[T`ZlTYVPUXRVaR[ Sm_ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[

zp z~E qzz znqpuzs z{qzpusE q~szqzp y

quzq mmxuotq Z~pq~zs p~ot lotqG Y u

pm{z msqtqzE pm puqq luqxq z~ p~ot pm

lmyyqz|uqx q~otuqpqzq~ Uz|mzsqz pq~ pq~F

quusqz qzq~suqu~otmrxuotqz fmtyqznqpuzszsqz

q~~quot q~pqz wzzqzG hy quz nq~s~qurqzpq Vuxp

RV[R_ ;YReVOVYVaka`Sl_QR_b[T gb R[adVPXRY[% YVRTa QR_ 6RF

~motzsr{w pqtmxn mr pqy [qmyqy zp

zuot yqt~ mr quzqxzqz Z~pq~ymzmtyqzG ]y Z{xF

sqzpqz q~pqz pmtq~ mxxq qz|~qotqzpqz amzmtF

yqz quzqy pq~ p~qu \mzpxzs|mwqq sq{~pzqR

IG lzot u~p quzq fqutq s~zpxqsqzpq~ amF

zmtyqz qzuowqxE puq pqz \mzpqx w~r~uusq~

9uRXaR V[ QR_ 6VYN[gX_RVÒRdV_a`PUNSab[T Sl_QR_['

Xuqq amzmtyqz q~pqz uz _m|uqx M mp~quq~G

JG lpqy {xx zq~otuqpqz q~pqz uotqz amF

zmtyqzE puq nqqtqzpq \qyyzuq quzq~ {xxqz

BN_XaV[aRT_NaV\[ c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[ NOONbR[

,' b[Q `\YPUR[% QVR QR[ 5bS& b[Q 5bÒNb c\[ ;YReVOVF

xu r~pq~zG

JG zp KG uqxqz pm~mr mnE puq Zuzmzuq~zsysxuotF

XRVaR[ `\dVR 5[_RVgR gb_ Cbagb[T c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]F

u{zqz p~ot quzq Yuznqzs uz nqqtqzpq a~wq

q~ttqzG Xuqq q~pqz uz pqz _m|uqxz N zp O

sq{zpq~ mp~quq~G

MVRY QR_ Cbagb[T c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[ Và QNORV

q puq ]zqs~mu{z {z Y~zqq~nm~qz Yzq~suqzE {F

pm quzq Unotmxzs {z juzp zp di q~yuqpqz

u~pG

MK

5

NHL _~{p{s|}sqtos} sv Ywo{qsorkwnou

Xuq b{qzpuswqu ~ q~~wqz bzs {z ZxqF

eVOVYVaka VZ 9[R_TVR`fàRZ R_TVOa `VPU gb T_\oR[ IRVF

xqz m pqz Uzr{~pq~zsqz pq~ Yzq~suqqzpq uz

XqotxmzpG jqq~mntzsusq Y~qszsqotz{F

Y\TVR[ ORQV[TR[% QN`` RV[ IRVY QR_ TR`NZaQRba`PUR[

g~{yq~qszs zuot xmzsr~uus |xmznm~ u zp zuot

uz quzq xmzsr~uusq _{{~puzuq~zs {z Y~qszs zp

iq~n~mot quzsqnzpqz q~pqz wmzzG iuqxyqt~ u

puq Y~qszsyqzsq pq~ qq~mntzsusqz Y~zqF

q~nm~qz y{ q~xusq~ |~{sz{uuq~qzE pq{

ztq~ pq~ motxuotq d~{pwu{zqu|zw ~owG

U puqqy [~zp u quzq am~ww{{~puzuq~zs yu

motqzpq~ lmtx qq~mntzsusq~ d~{pqzqz F

zqtyqzp quzq UrsmnqE puq w~ {~ |tuotq~ Y~rxF

Yb[T àNaagbr[QR[ UNa' 8N_Nb` S\YTa% QN`` NYYR mO_VTR[

am~wmwq~q ut~q c|uyuq~zsF zp \mzpqxmwuuF

qz qnqzrmxx zqtyqzp w~r~uusq~ p~otrt~qz

yqzG ]y a{yqz u~p vqp{ot quz [~{qux pq~

|xmznm~qz Y~qszswm|muqz zp pq~ g~{yF

[NPUS_NTR NZ IR_ZV[ZN_Xa TRUN[QRYa b[Q `\ NOTRF

`VPUR_a' @b_gS_VàVT r[QRa QN[[ RV[R D]aVZVR_b[T QR_

mnsquotq~qz aqzsqz mG Xuqq c|uyuq~zs u~p

vqp{ot zuot zq~ mxxqz hyzpqz {~sqz{yyqzE

qzz puq g~{yyqzsqz nq~qu w{qzpqowqzp my

IR_ZV[ZN_Xa cR_ZN_XaRa db_QR[ b[Q YRQVTYVPU D]]\_F

zuw{qz Cqzsmzsqzq Y~xqD qzqtqzE qzz

zuot my g|{ym~w sqtmzpqx u~pG

5XabRYY dV_Q Xb_gS_VàVTR ;YReVOVYVaka Sm_ QN` 9[R_TVR&

Fqy tm|otxuot uy fqsqxxquzsym~w nqF

~qusqqxxE pm tuq~ uz xqq~ ]zmz pq~ |tuotq

5b`TYRVPU c\[ 9_gRbTb[T b[Q KR_O_NbPU àNaar[QRa'

d~{sz{qmnquotzsqz mr [qmyqyqnqzq

q~pqzE qzz uq zuot yu mzpq~qz Unquotzsqz

msqsxuotqz q~pqz wzzqzE tuq~ mnmxmzouq~G Xq~

E_RV` Sm_ QVR OR_RVaTRàRYYaR ;YReVOVYVaka R_TVOa `VPU Nb`

pqz ̀ quzsF zp U~nqu|~quqz pq~ p~ot pqz bV

cR_]sVPUaRaR[ 5b`TYRVPU`\]aV\[R[' 8VR` `V[Q gbZRVà

sReVOYR @_NSadR_XR' 8R_ GRTRYYRVàb[T`ZN_Xa WRQ\PU

àRYYa XRV[R[ XYN``V`PUR[ BN_Xa QN_% `\[QR_[ ReVàVR_a

~ guotq~qxxzs pq~ iq~{~szs zp mx VmowF|

r~ pm Yzq~suqqyG lpqy u q~ zuot r~ mxxq ZxqF

eVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[ QV`X_VZV[VR_b[T`S_RV gbTk[TYVPU b[Q

nuqq {yu z~ msqtxqz Uwq~qz xuotq

9_Yl`ZlTYVPUXRVaR[' LV_Q ;YReVOVYVaka OR_RVa` mOR_ QR[

[~{tmzpqxym~w nq~qusqqxxE wmzz pq~ fqsqxxquF

zsym~w qzxmq q~pqzG

Xmyu q~sqnqz uot qu qqzxuotq [~zpqE puq quzq

io{|}{t~wq no| \kwnou| kw losnow fyx}v{t}ow

CXkGUrokn ~wn ]w}{knkD gb_ >[aRT_NaV\[ c\[ ;YReVF

nuxu zqtyqzp q~r{~pq~xuot ymotqzR

n 8VR E_\T[\`RTmaR Sm_ dRaaR_NOUk[TVTR 9_gRbTR_

qusE vq ztq~ pq~ ùqrq~qu|zw ~owG hy puq

Y~zqq~nm~qz aqzsqz nq~ pqz g|{ym~w uz

gqy uzqs~uq~qz wzzqzE yqz mxxq Uwq~q

my g|{ym~w tmzpqxzG Xuq d~quq my g|{ym~w

sqnqz quzq YuzmF nG Unotmx~qutqzr{xsq w{zF

qzu{zqxxq~ _~mrq~wq zp quzq Yuzm~qutqzr{xsq

c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[ c\_'

n 8R_ >[a_NQNf&BN_Xa `\YYaR QN_mOR_ UV[Nb` cR_&

~w y Usxquot {z w~r~uus nqwmzzqz

hzsxquotsquotqz n|G p~ot pqz Yuzm {z

;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[ TR[baga dR_QR[% bZ QR[ GRF

sqxxquzsym~w qzxmqzG Xuqq~ puqz mx

6NPX&J] b[Q `\YYaR [VPUa NY` ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[ N[F

sqqtqz q~pqzG

NHM Xk| d{swsy no{ 5@GIH9?7=IB@9?A

ML


5

Yuzmq nuxpq vqp{ot puq [~zpxmsq quzq~ YmnxuqF

_b[T c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R['

9` TVYa UVR_ gb ORNPUaR[% QN`` RV[R ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[

zuot uz vqpq~ Cw~r~uusqzD am~wxmsq u~otmrxuot

quzsqq q~pqz wmzzG iuqxyqt~ q~sqnqz zq~F

otuqpxuotq fmzpnqpuzszsqz r~ puq q~otuqpqzqz

;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[ NbPU b[aR_`PUVRQYVPUR MRVa_kbZR

r~ pq~qz YuzmG Xuq uotusqz fmzpnqpuzszsqz

pq am~wq uzp pm sqzq~qxxq g~{y|~quzuqm zp

puq i{xmuxu nG puq \tq pq~ d~quzq~otuqpqG

8NZVa `VT[NYV`VR_a QR_ BN_Xa% dVR cVRYR ;YReVOVYVaka`\]F

u{zqz nqzus q~pqz zp uq uqx puqq pqy am~w

q~ uzpG

8VR` dV_Q [NPUS\YTR[Q NZ 6RV`]VRY RV[R_ sReVORY ORF

~uqnqzqz _j_FUzxmsq yu j~yq|quotq~ pqy{zF

~uq~E pq~qz u~otmrxuotq~ Vq~uqn tuq~ motxuqxuot

{y g|{ym~w|~qu mntzsus uG ]z Unnuxpzs LFI

u pmr~ pq~ d~quq~xmr quzq~ Vqu|uqx{otq pm~sqF

qxxG Unxqqz u quq~tuzE mzz puq msqtxq

;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[ V[ QR_ ANTR Và% Qb_PU QVR TRgVRYaR

g~{yq~qszs quz |{uuq Y~sqnzu q~~quotqz

C_~q uy s~z tuzq~xqsqz Vq~quotD zp uz qxotqz

gzpqz pq~ g|{ym~w|~qu sq~uzs uE y puq mF

~umnxqz _{qz pq~ Y~qszs pqowqz C_~q uy

~{ tuzq~xqsqz Vq~quotDE qtmxn uq tuq~ zuot y

9V[`Nag X\ZZR[ dm_QR' 8VR Lk_ZRcR_]sVPUab[T QR_

Vqu|uqxF_j_FUzxmsq u~p pmnqu m pqy j~yqF

|quotq~ q~rxxE pq~ nqxmpqz u~pE qzz puq Uzxmsq

g~{y |~{puq~ zp qzxmpqzE qzz uq zuot uz VqF

~uqn uG Xm puq Uzxmsq quzqz iq~x ~qmxuuq~E qzz

uq nqu zuqp~usqz d~quqz nq~uqnqz u~pE u pq~ UzF

~qu m~w uq z~ uz pqz lquqz quzqqzE uz pqzqz

QVR ;YReVOVYVaka NbPU OR[laVTa dV_Q' 8R_ dV_a`PUNSaYVPUR

6Ra_VRO RV[R_ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[ XN[[ QNORV NbPU c\[

mzpq~qz Zmw{~qz mx pqy g|{ym~w|~qu mntzsus

quzG ]y Vqu|uqx yqz xuot mot puq Y~xq

my j~yqym~w r~ quzq c|uyuq~zs nq~owuotus

q~pqzG

>[ 5OUk[TVTXRVa QR_ @\àR[à_bXab_ RV[R_ ;YReVOVYVF

{|u{z u r~ quzusq pq~ Vq~uqn nq~qu uzz{xxE

mot qzz puq Yuzzmtyqz qxqzE pmr~ vqp{ot nqF

{zpq~ t{ot mrmxxqzE n|G qzz uq zuqp~usq

;Ve& NOR_ U\UR cN_VNOYR @\àR[ NbSdRV`R[' 5[QR_R

;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[ UNOR[ UlUR_R ;VeX\àR[% WRQ\PU

TR_V[TR_R cN_VNOYR @\àR[% `\QN`` RV[ UkbrTR_R_ 9V[F

m zus uG Xuqq Vmzpn~quqE puq mot uzzq~tmxn quF

[R_

MM

5

Uy ~qotqz fmzp pq~ Unnuxpzs u pm~sqqxxE uq

nquyyq Z~pq~yqotmzuyqz uz Z{~y xuotq~

lmtxzsqz mr puq ju~otmrxuotwqu u~wqzR jq~pqz

gb`kagYVPUR ;l_QR_`bZZR[ N[ QVR ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[

msqmtxE wmzz pq~ Vq~uqn pq~ c|u{z mot uz yqt~

mx pqz ~|~zsxuotqz gzpqz x{tzqzq~ quzG

H\ XN[[ mOR_ RV[R TR_V[TR Mb`NaggNUYb[T QVR ;YReVF

OVYVaka`\]aV\[ VU_R LV_a`PUNSaYVPUXRVa Qb_PU UkbrTR_R

IRVY[NUZR NZ H]\aZN_Xa QRbaYVPU cR_OR``R_[' LR_F

pqz tuzsqsqz xuotq _{qz G VG p~ot hyxmF

sqz zp gqq~z r~ puq Uzxmsq rxxusE u puq Vmu r~

RV[R[ sReVOYR[ 6Ra_VRO b[aR_ JZàk[QR[ [VPUa ZRU_

sqsqnqzE pm zuot yqt~ sqzs Vq~uqnzpqz ~

Xqowzs pq~ _{qz q~~quot q~pqzG

8VR 9_UlUb[T QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka Sm_ 9_gRbTb[T`N[YNTR[

Cn|G _j_FUzxmsqzD sqt pmnqu s~zpxuot yu

quzq~ fqpwu{z pq~ i{xxxmzpqz uy iq~sxquot ~

[VPUa sReVOYR[ ;NU_dRV`R RV[UR_% QN QR_ gbZRVà TRF

rmt~qzq [~zpxmnq~uqn szqz quzq~ g|uqzF

xmmnpqowzs mzsq|m u~pG \uq~ nqqt puq i{F

~mqzs pm~uzE pm uz pq~ zz sq~uzsq~qz Uzmtx

mz Vq~uqnzpqz ~{pqy m~quotqzp Yuzzmtyqz

q~uqx q~pqzE y pqz Uzxmsqz quq~tuz quzqz u~F

otmrxuotqz Vq~uqn q~ysxuotqzG Xuq amzmtyqz

V[ QR[ S\YTR[QR[ @N]VaRY[ gVRYR[ QRÙNYO gbZ IRVY QNF

_NbS NO% QVR LV_a`PUNSaYVPUXRVa QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[

uy guzzq puqq d~uzu| q~ttqzE y uq uz pqz

am~w uzqs~uq~qzG

MN


6

O \}s{tvt}st bp}pw|t} ^}tvpx~} zuxxvt [{txqx{x

hzq~ s~zpxqsqzpqz amzmtyqz {xxqz uz puqqy

_m|uqx amzmtyqz q~mzpqz q~pqzE puq quzq VmF

`V` gb_ ;_RVYRTb[T cR_`PUVRQR[R_ ;YReVOVYVakaR[ QN_`aRYF

xqzG guq zq~qz quzq iq~xqszs pq~ \mzpqxF zp

Usxquotmwuuqz uz pqz lqu~my w~ {~ pq~

g~{yxuqrq~zs zp q~ysxuotqz pqz Uwq~qz {E

d~{pwu{zotmzwzsqz pq~ Y~zqq~nm~qz Yzq~F

suqz nqq~ uz pm d{~r{xu{ mrzqtyqzG Z~ mxxq

MO

6

xqzq~suq|{{x pq nq~~mszszqnq~qunq~ CbVDE

m uzsqmy aqt~w{qz rt~G Yuzusq Uxq~zmF

uq r~ pm Yih nuqq puq ]zmxxmu{z qusqzq~ aqF

quz~uotzsqz {pq~ pm Zqxqsqz xuotq~ ]zr{~F

ZNaV\[`]sVPUaR[ Sm_ QVR @b[QR[% dRYPUR` WRQ\PU ZVa

t{tqy ymzqxxqz Urmzp q~nzpqz uG lpqy

dR_QR[ `\ TTS' Q\]]RYaR BR``à_bXab_R[ TR`PUNuR[%

dN` dVRQR_bZ NY` V[RvgVR[a N[gb`RUR[ Và'

Yuzq lszsxuotwqu Yotqupmqz nuqq puq asF

YVPUXRVa gb_ >[aRT_NaV\[ c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka`]_\QbXaR[ V[

pm d{~r{xu{ quzq YihE pqzz puq Xmqzxmsq nqrtus

QN` 9KJ gb RcNYbVR_R[% V[dVRdRVa QR_ 9V[`Nag sReVOF

xq~ Yuztquqz u~otmrxuot uzz{xx quz wmzzG guzp

puq _{qz r~ quzqz \mzpqx my ]z~mpmFam~w q~F

sxquotquq t{ot {pq~ quzq _{~~qw~ zmot \mzpqxF

`PUYb`` QR_ ORa_RuR[QR[ Hab[QR R_S\_QR_YVPU% Xl[[aR

pm Yih yu bmotr~msq~z {pq~ d~{pqzqz iq~~sq

mnotxuqqzE puq quzq gqq~zs ~ Y~uqxzs quzq

Vuxmzw~qumsxquot q~xmnqzG

U puqqy [~zp u~p qy|r{txqzE puq [d_Y rswG

|smr}usmr no{ Xk}ow~|}ouu~wq|p{s|} k~p oswo ~wo{G

qusmro `sopo{~wq wkmr Uluk~p no{ qovo||owow

iso{}ou|}~wno kw~yk||ow zp pqz iq~~uqnqz

q~ysxuotqzE _qzzzu nq~ puq uy Vuxmzw~qu ssrG

rqtxqzpqz {pq~ nq~otusqz g~{yyqzsqz

q~xmzsqzG ]z iq~nuzpzs yu quzq~ YotquFXmqzF

w{yyzuwmu{z u~p pm~nq~ tuzm mzsq~qsE pqz

\kwnou||mru~|| quzq iuq~qxzpqz|~{pw uy

]z~mpmF\mzpqx wro{ kw now }k}|mrusmrow `sopo{G

os}y~wt} xqsqzE {pm q mr Vmu pq~ zqF

qqz ]zr{~ymu{zqz sqtmzpqx q~pqz wmzzG

]z puqqy lmyyqztmzs {xx pm~mr tuzsquqqz

q~pqzE pm mwqxx wquzq asxuotwqu nqqtE iq~F

n~motyqzsqz zuot xquzssqyqqzq~ _zpqz

Cg`dF_zpqzD q~yuqxz zp yu puqqz m~nquF

qzG \uq~r~ u quzq jquq~qzuowxzs pq~ aquzr~mF

~w~ uy _xquzwzpqznq~quot { puq sqzot

u z{qzpusG

OHL U~t}sxw|o{pkr{ow sviso{}ou|}~wnowrkwnou

Xuq Vuxmzw~quq~mz{~xuotqz uz Xqotxmzp uzp

zmot L UnG J g~{yzqsmzsq~{~pzzs

#Ha_\ZCMK$ b[Q MVuR_ . QR` HaN[QN_QOVYN[gX_RV`F

q~~msq CV_NFHNFHIK {y JQGHNGJHIID pm q~F

]sVPUaRa% VU_R[ 6VYN[gX_RV` cVR_aRYàm[QYVPU gb ORdV_aF

otmrqzE pG tG {{tx r~ puq Yzzmtyq mx mot puq

9V[`]RV`RYRVàb[T QR_ VZ 6VYN[gX_RV` ORr[QYVPUR[ @b[F

pqz quzq uq~qxzpxuotq d~{sz{q q~qxxqz zp

RcR[abRYYR 8VuR_R[gR[ NbS KVR_aRYàb[QR[ON`V` gb UN[F

QRY[' 9V[R 5O_RPU[b[T c\[ 8VuR_R[gR[ gdV`PUR[ QR[

|~{sz{uuq~qz zp pqz sqyqqzqz jq~qz q~r{xs

QRÙNYO ROR[SNYY` V[ cVR_aRYàm[QYVPUR_ 5bsl`b[T'

Xq~ \mzpqx my ]z~mpmFam~w u vqp{ot uy [qsqzF

m y XmFUtqmp am~w zuot uz Z{~y quzq qzF

~mxqz Uwu{ztmzpqx yu mxxsqyquz sxusqy am~wq

Wxqm~uzs d~uoq {~smzuuq~G \uq~ w{yyqz uy w{zuzF

uq~xuotqz \mzpqx quxquq qt~ zq~otuqpxuotq d~quq

r~ quz quzqxzq iuq~qxzpqz|~{pw mzpq vq

zmot \mzpqxqu|zw zp pqz Vqp~rzuqz zp

Y~m~zsqz mzpq~q~ \mzpqxquxzqtyq~G U puqF

qy [~zp q~r{~pq~ pq~ ]z~mpmF\mzpqx qxn nqu

z~ quzymxusq~ sxuotq~ Vqu~otmrzs quzq t{tq

am~wwqzzzuE m r~ uqxq \mzpqxquxzqtyq~ quzq

\q~mr{~pq~zs pm~qxxG ]y gzpqzp~ototzu

sxquotqz uot puq d~quq uy ]z~mpmFam~w zp uy

XmFUtqmpFam~w m~ m~wE vqp{ot wzzqz uot uy

]z~mpmFam~w t~qzp pq \mzpqxqu~my ~{F

pqy m~w {y X~ototzu|~qu mnquotqzpq d~quF

q q~sqnqzE {pm quz qz|~qotqzpq \mzpqx~uuF

w{ nqqtD

Y u~p pqtmxn qy|r{txqzE mot iuq~qxzpqz|~{F

pwq uz puq XmFUtqmpFUwu{z uzqs~uq~qz {pq~

xuot uz Uwu{zr{~y tmzpqxzE pmyu nqwmzzF

q `mF zp Y~qszs~my|qz xquotq~ mz pq~ V~q

mnsqnuxpq q~pqz wzzqz zp {yu puq gotuq~usF

wqu quzq~ uq~qxzpxuotqz Vuxmzw~qunqu~otmrF

zs ~qpuq~ u~pG Xmyu u~p mot puq Unuyyzs

uotqz Y~qsq~z zp bmotr~msq~z q~xquotq~E {F

pm pq~ am~w uqpq~y mx w~r~uus w{{~puzuq~qzF

pq ]zmz us q~pqz wmzzG ]z xqq~ _{zq}qz

MP


6

dV_Q `\ QVR C\adR[QVTXRVa c\[ T_\oR[ 9V[T_VuR[ V[

Z{~y pq~ Uwuuq~zs {z fqsqxqzq~suq p~ot pqz

bV ~qpuq~G

Uz pq~ q~~quotuotqz Yzq~suqn~q YkUU ~pq

nq~qu y gq|qynq~ JHIL puq fqrq~qzs~q pq~

g~{yw{z~mwq uy XmFUtqmpF\mzpqx mr iuq~qxzF

pqz ysqqxxG Uz pq~ YdYk ~pq my HQGIJGJHIL

RV[TRSmU_a% QR[ >[a_NQNf&=N[QRY ZVa RV[R_ 9_lu[b[T`F

mwu{z nqsuzzqz zp { pqz \mzpqx r~ puq am~wF

quxzqtyq~ p~ot puq Vq~quqxxzs quzq fqrq~qzF

|~quq q~quzrmotqzG g{yu u~p pq~ [~zpquz

gb_ cR_OR``R_aR[ ;YReVOVYVaka`V[aRT_NaV\[ Qb_PU =N[QRY

mz nqupqz V~qz nq~qu sqxqsG

OHM Y{rr~wq no{ Zkr{yukw}{o~o

juq uz _m|uqx MGJ nqot~uqnqzE uzp puq Vuxmzw~quF

q~mz{~xuotqz r~ quzqz uq~qxzpqzotm~rqz

Usxquot ut~q~ Vuxmzw~quq q~mz{~xuotG Xm my

XmFUtqmpFam~w pq~ YdYk g|{ y{yqzmz z~ pq~

\mzpqx {z gzpqzw{z~mwqz ysxuot uE yqz

puq am~wquxzqtyq~ mxxq UnquotzsqzE puq uot uF

otqz pqy gzpqzp~ototzu zp pqy |~{sz{uF

uq~qz jq~ pq~ quzqxzqz iuq~qxzpqz q~sqnqzE my

]z~mpmFam~w tmzpqxzG ]z Unnuxpzs MFI u pqxuot

q~wqzzqzE pm mrs~zp pq zq~otuqpxuotqz

bmotr~msqF zp d~{pwu{zq~tmxqz uzzq~tmxn quzq~

gzpq r~ puq quzqxzqz iuq~qxzpqz|~{pwq qt~

zq~otuqpxuotq d~quq mzpq w{yyqzG [~zp

pmr~ uzp puq bmotr~msq~my|qz zp puq fmy|qz pq~

H\YN_R_gRbTb[T gb INTRÒRTV[[ `\dVR gbZ 9[QR QR`

INTR`3 8N NZ 8Nf&5URNQ&BN_Xa V[ QR_ GRTRY OR_RVa`

pq~ gzpqzp~ototzu sqtmzpqx ~pqE yqz

xqpusxuot puq Unquotzsqz {y auqx sqtmzpqx q~F

pqzG Z~ quzq g{xm~mzxmsq nqpqq puq my i{~yums

quzqz Yuzwmr {z g~{y uz pq~ q~qz gzpqztxrq

{uq quzqz iq~wmr {z g~{y uz pq~ quqz gzF

pqztxrqG Uy bmotyums q~sun uot quz sqsqzxF

rTR` BbàR_' 8N_Nb` _R`bYaVR_R[ QVR V[ 5OOVYQb[T .&*

q~wqzzqzpqz d~qu|uqz Vqsuzz C{~yumsD

nG y Yzpq quzq~ gzpq CzmotyumsDR Xm uqxq

Uznuqq~ sxquotq {pq~ tzxuotq fmy|qzq~tmxqz

mrquqzE qusqz puq d~quq nqu t{tq~ bmotr~msq

zmot pqy vqquxusqz iuq~qxzpqz|~{pw nG uzF

wqz nqu quzqy t{tqz Uzsqn{G

>Z B\ZR[a `V[Q QVR NbSTRgRVTaR[ 8VuR_R[gR[ V[[R_F

tmxn quzq~ \mzpqxzpq quz xw~muq [qotrF

SRYQ Sm_ ;YReVOVYVaka`\]aV\[R[% dR_QR[ WRQ\PU ORV X\[F

q}qzq~ iuq~qxzpqznqu~otmrzs uz lwzr

sq~uzsq~ q~pqzG gqus puq ù}upu uy iuq~qxzF

pqztmzpqxE w{yy puq mnq~ mot pq~ ]zqs~mu{z {z

;YReVOVYVaka gbTbaR% QR[[ [VZZa QVR Xb_gS_VàVTR D]aVF

ZVR_b[T QR_ BN_XaNXaRb_R gb% ORàRUR[ Sm_ ;YReVOVYVF

3LLSUN^WQ -&)2 ?S]]UO[O[ D][XVY[OS\ Pg[ GSO[]OU\]^WNOWTXW][KT]O KW NO[ 7B7I SW*(), "LS\ +)' AT]XLO[# ^WN VS]]UO[O\ 3^T]SXW\O[QOLWS\ Pg[ GSO[]OU\]^WNOWY[XN^T]OKW NO[ 7I33 "LS\ )+' @X_OVLO[#

MQ

6

aka`N[OVRaR_ ZRU_ BlTYVPUXRVaR[% VU_R ;YReVOVYVaka NZ

am~w |xmuq~qz zp pmyu [qxp q~puqzqzG

Vq~motq ymz quzqz bmotr~msqxmsmzsE u~p q~F

wqzznm~E pm q~ qnqzrmxx fmy|qz uz pqz i{~F zp

bmotyumszpqz mrquG Xuqq uzp uz pqz

a{~sqzzpqz mzqusqzpG Xm nqpqqE pm pm

YihE qxotq pqz _zpqz quzqy p~ototzuF

xuotqz gzpqzq~n~mot quzsqpqow tmE uz pq~ q~F

qz gzpqztxrq uqx g~{y r~ pqz _zpqz

nqu {uq uz pq~ quqz gzpqztxrq F

xuotqz g~{y quzwmrqz yqG hysqwqt~ sux puq

r~ puq bmotyumszpqzG Y u~p pqxuotE pm

uot _~mrq~wF zp bmotr~msq~my|qz quxquq

{~ mxxqy {~yums mrs~zp pq~ lqusxquottqu {z

g{zzqzq~xmr zp bmotr~msqmzuqs msxquotqz

Zm`àR[ b[Q QNZVa QVR E_RV`QVuR_R[gR[ gdV`PUR[ QR[

quzqxzqz iuq~qxzpqzw{z~mwqz q~~uzsq~z {xxqzG

>[ 5OOVYQb[T .&* Và WRQ\PU RV[R T_\oR 8VuR_R[g gdVF

otqz pqz _{z~mw|~quqz mnxqqzG [~zpxuot

u qu pq~ fqr{~y pq Usxquotyqotmzuy quz

~wq~q~ Uz~qu sqsqnqzE quzqz Vuxmzw~qu uy g|{F

ym~w msxquotqzE y zmotquxusq Usxquotqzq~F

suq|~quq q~yqupqzG cn puq vqp{ot motxuot

w{zq}qz p~otsqrt~ u~pE {xxq ~wq~ mx nuF

tq~ ~mz|m~qz nq~|~rE zp nqu lupq~tmzpxzsE

pG tG nqu ~mqsuotq~ {pq~ sqzq~qxxq~E zuotFuq~qxF

zpusq~ Vuxmzw~qunqu~otmrzsE ~wq~ mx nuF

tq~ nq~mr q~pqzG ]y lsq pq~ iq~quzrmotzs pq

iuq~qxzpqztmzpqx wmzz { xuotq ù}upu

uz pqz am~w sqn~mot q~pqzG ]zsqmy uzp tuq~F

vqp{ot quq~q ]zr{~ymu{zqz CG VG Uwq~s~||q

zp [~mp pq~ Vuxmzw~qunqu~otmrzsD zp hzq~F

otzsqz y Vuxmzw~qunqu~otmrzsq~tmxF

qz pq~ am~wquxzqtyq~ z{qzpusG

OHN -DIG7I@ED KED RJAIJ@

MR


6

OHO 5

MS

7

P 7PcHZLELNLV]V JH\LHNV DEEDWHP

gqq~nm~q _~mrq~wq mx u~otmrxuot msuq~qzpq

Yuztquqz q~tmxqz uot uG pG fG ym~w~mu{zmxG Xuq

nqpqqE pm uqE uyyq~ qzz pq~ am~w|~qu zF

q~ pqz d~{pwu{zw{qz xuqsE mnotmxqz zp utF

_R[ AVRSR_cR_]sVPUab[TR[ Qb_PU QN` CNPUUN[QRY[ c\[

g~{y my g|{ym~w zmotw{yyqzG ]z pq~ fqmxu

u uq uz [ q mxG JHIL pm~sqxqsE nq{nmotqzE

pm puq zuot p~otsqtqzp sqotuqtG ]y Z{xsqzpqz

dR_QR[ QVR UkbrTàR[ J_`NPUR[ QNSm_ QV`XbaVR_a b[Q

NbSTRgRVTa% dVR QVR 5[_RVgR gb_ ;YReVOVYVakaÒR_RVaàRYF

xzs uqpq~tq~sqqxx q~pqz wzzqzG Xmyu u~p nqu

pqz am~wquxzqtyq~z qypuqzxuotq iq~tmxqz mzF

sq~quG

am~w~mu{zmxq iq~tmxqz {z _~mrq~wqz nquztmxq

mot puq i{~tmxzs {z _~mrq~wwm|muG Xq~quF

us nqqtqz nq~wm|muqz mr gquqz pq~ w{zqzF

u{zqxxqz Y~qszsE qxotq uot py|rqzp mr pqz

5[_RVg gb_ Cbagb[T c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka Nb`dV_XR[' 8R_

Unnm puqq~ nq~wm|muqz mr quz u~otmrxuot

~msnm~q buqm zq~ jmt~zs pq~ iq~{~szsuF

otq~tqu u pmnqu quz YxqyqzE qxotq uotus uE y

QVR ;YReVOVYVakaÒRQm_S[V``R QR` 9[R_TVR`fàRZ` S_RVgbF

xqsqzG

PHK a~|}Ge~w sveoqouuos|}~wq|vk{t}

fqsqxxquzs {~ mxxqy d~uy~F zp gqwzp~~qF

sqxxquzs u~p tqmsq tm|otxuot p~ot

dy||quotq~w~mrq~wq zp w{zqzu{zqxxq _~mrF

q~wq nq~qusqqxxG Z~ puq Vq~quqxxzs |{uuq~

fqsqxxquzs Cd~uy~F zp gqwzp~~qsqxxquzsD

y pm _~mrq~w my bq mzsqotx{qz quz

zp g~{y |~{puq~qzG Xuq g~{y|~{pwu{z qzF

|~uot qzusqz pq~ qotzuotqz auzpqxquzs

pq _~mrq~wG Usqtqzp {z puqq~ g~{y|~{F

pwu{z wmzz pm _~mrq~w pmzz puq qz|~qotqzpq

aqt~xquzsE uz Z{~y pq~ mnsq~rqzqz fqsqxxquzsE

q~n~uzsqzG Uot r~ puq Vq~quqxxzs {z zqsmuq~

fqsqxxquzs y pm _~mrq~w p~qtqzp my bq

quz zp pqz Vq~ms pq fqsqxxquzssqn{ sxG

pq~ auzpqxquzs |~{puq~qzE y puq `quzsF

yuzpq~zs p~ot pqz fqsqxxquzsmn~r q~rxxqz

wzzqzG Xuq g~{y|~{pwu{z pq~ fqsqxxquzsw~mrF

q~wqE puq mrs~zp puqq~ qotzuotqz Y~r{~pq~zuq

zmntzsus {z pq~ Uzsqn{F zp bmotr~msquF

mu{z my bq uzpE u~p aFfzFY~qszs {pq~

g{owqxxquzs sqzmzzG dy||quotq~ wzzqz yu

QR_ Ib_OV[R ]\`VaVcR HRXb[Qk__RTRYYRVàb[T Nb` QRZ

_mxm~ tq~m nq~quqxxqz zp qxxqz pmp~ot wquF

zq aFfzFY~qszs pm~G Z~ d~uy~~qsqxxquzs

u quxquq quz Vq~uqn uy tp~mxuotqz _~otx

ysxuotE pq~ mnq~ q~xnqtmrq uG

Xuq aFfzFY~qszs u uG pG fG y{ ttq~E

pq{ otzqxxq~ puq fqsqxxquzs nq~qusqqxx q~F

pqz yE pm quzqxzq _~mrq~wq z~ quzq xuyuuq~q

`mzpq~zssqotuzpuswqu tmnqzG d~uy~~qsqxF

xquzs y nqu|uqxquq uzzq~tmxn {z KH gqF

wzpqz nq~qusqqxx q~pqzG _mzz quz _~mrq~w

uz puqqy lqu~my M B pq~ bqzzxquzs nqu quzq~

qotzuotqz auzpqxquzs {z LH B pq~ bqzzxquF

zs mx |{uuq fqsqxxquzs q~n~uzsqzE nq~s puq

aFfzFY~qszs uz puqqy Zmxx pm Uotrmotq

pq~ q~n~motqz fqsqxxquzsG ]z lquqz t{tq~ bmotF

r~msq zp sq~uzsq~ YYFYuz|quzs qxx puq aF

fzFY~qszs wquz d~{nxqy pm~E pm qz|~qotqzp

uqx w{zqzu{zqxxq _~mrq~wxquzs nqzus u~pG

Vqu sq~uzsq~ bmotr~msq zp t{tq~ YYFYuz|quzs

UNa ZVa QR_ Bbà&Gb[&9_gRbTb[T cR_Ob[QR[R >[sReVF

nuxu vqp{ot zqsmuq Uu~wzsqz nqu|uqxquq

uz Z{~y zqsmuq~ d~quq {pq~ quzq~ Un~qsqxzs pq~

Y~zqq~nm~qz Yzq~suqzG

au pq~ Z~msqE uq t{ot puq ~qsqxxquzsnqpuzsq

aFfzFY~qszs uz Xqotxmzp uzsqmy

Nb`SkYYa% UNOR[ `VPU gdRV cR_`PUVRQR[R HabQVR[ ReF

|xuu nqotrusG ]z pq~ gpuq {z [~zmxp q mxG

CeqxxqR [~zmxp q mxG JHIJD uy Ur~ms pq V~{

Sm_ IRPU[VXS\YTR[&5O`PUkagb[T ORVZ 8Rba`PUR[ 6b[F

QRàNT dR_QR[ QVR`R 9uRXaR b[aR_`bPUa' 5bSONbR[Q

mr pqz `quzszpq~zssqotuzpuswquqz zp

pqz iq~rsnm~wquqz w{zqzu{zqxxq~ _~mrq~wq q~sun

uot quzq qotzuotq auzpqxquzs ~ Vq~quqxF

xzs {z d~uy~F zp gqwzp~~qsqxxquzs uotqz

*,%.

NJ


7

~ms pq~ uq~ pqotqz nq~~mszszqnq~qunq~

#.)=R_ag I_N[`ZV``V\[ [RvgVR[gR[ `\_Ta' ;m_ QR[ BVF

zqz~qq~qym~w sqxqz qzusq~ ~q~uwuq am~w~qF

sqxz mx uy gqwzp~F zp d~uy~~qsqxxquzsym~wE

qxotq quzq~ X~otp~uzszs pq am~wq p~ot

cR_`PUVRQR[R IRVY[RUZR_ b[Q IRPU[\Y\TVR[ TRSmU_a

tmnqz zp quzqz sq~uzsq~qz aFfzFUzqux mz pq~

nq~qusqqxxqz fqsqxxquzs nqpuzsqzG

hy puq ~qsqxxquzsnqpuzsq aFfzFY~qszs

w{zqzu{zqxxq~ _~mrq~wq ~qpuq~qzE wmzz fqF

sqxxquzs p~ot zqq Uwq~q nq~qusqqxx q~pqzG

Yuzq `zs ~ Vq~quqxxzs {z fqsqxxquzs m

juzpqzq~suqmzxmsqz u~p uy Unotxnq~uot pq

d~{vqwq fqsqxqzq~suq p~ot juzpw~mrmzxmsqz

CV~mz q mxG JHILD pm~sqxqsG Xm {~sqqxxq _{zF

q| qusE pm q ysxuot uE yu juzpqzq~suqmzF

xmsqz mxxq {~tmzpqzqz fqsqxxquzsm~qz nqF

puqzqzG w{z{yuot sqqtqz q~pqz puq zqsmuq

auzqz~qq~qxquzs zpE yu Uz|mzsqz pq~

am~wnqpuzszsqzE puq zqsmuq gqwzp~~qsqxxquF

zs nqpuqz q~pqz wzzqzG Xmnqu q~pqz juzpF

qzq~suqmzxmsqz tm|otxuot pqz lqu|zwqz

fqsqxxquzs nq~quqxxqz wzzqzE uz pqzqz puq YuzF

|quzs m juzp t{ot uE {p~ot pu~qw puq aF

fzF`quzs ~qpuq~ q~pqz wmzzG Xuq d~uzu|uqz

quzq~ fqsqxxquzsnq~quqxxzs wzzqz mzmx{s

mot r~ dt{{{xmuwmzxmsqz nq~z{yyqz q~pqzG

Xuq fqpwu{z pq~ ~qsqxxquzsnqpuzsqz aF

fzF`quzs p~ot zqq Uznuqq~ {pq~ q~nqq~q

am~wnqpuzszsqz q quzq zpq~zs pq~ nqqF

tqzpqz fqsqxzsqz {~mG Xmnqu u q z{qzpus

pm~mr motqzE pm puq am~w~qsqxz r~ ysxuot

cVRYR IRVY[RUZR_ RV[R SNV_R EN_aVgV]NaV\[`ZlTYVPUXRVa

pm~qxxqzG Xmyu wmzz sqt~xquq q~pqzE pm

QVR Nb`

NK

7

d~{sz{qt{~u{z puq hzuotq~tqu pq~ d~{sz{F

q mnzuyyG Xuq jqnqq~notmzoqz mzpq~q~

am~wquxzqtyq~ wzzqz pmp~ot zq~ hyzF

pqz nq~yus quzsqot~zw q~pqzG g{ n~mF

otqz tq~yuotq _~mrq~wq quzqz xzsq~qz dxmF

zzst{~u{zE pmyu uq quzmnq~qu uzpG

JG hyqxxzs {z {otqzsxuotq~ mr sxuotq UF

ot~qunzsE y gotmotxmquqz yu fqsqxxquF

àb[T Nb` sbXabVR_R[Q RV[`]RV`R[QR[ 9_[RbR_F

nm~qz Yzq~suqz nqpuqzqz wzzqzG

KG fqpuq~zs pq~ d~{pwxzsq Ci{~tmxqquD mr

quzq gzpqG Xuq u uznq{zpq~q uotusE y puq

fqsqxxquzsnq~quqxxzs m dt{{{xmuwmzxmF

sqz q~ysxuotqzG

-' 5O`PUNub[T QR` KR_O\a` c\[ _RTRYg\[R[mOR_T_RVF

rqzpqy d{{xuzsE y puq ~yxuotqz iq~quxzsF

RuRXaR gb [bagR[' 8VR` Và V[ÒR`\[QR_R `V[[c\YY%

pm wquzq _q~zmzquxq r~ fqsqxxquzs p~ot puq

nq~~mszszqnq~qunq~ yqt~ msqot~uqnqz

q~pqzG

.' 5[]N``b[T QR_ E_k^bNYVrXNaV\[ÒRQV[Tb[TR[ Sm_

{otmuotq Y~qsq~ zp iq~n~motq~G lxmF

zs {z |~{nmnuxuuotqz d~{sz{qz ~ UzF

sqn{q~qxxzsG bmotqu pq~ Y~n~uzszs {z

fqsqxxquzs y mz puqq {otmuotq iq~F

tmxqz mzsq|m q~pqzG

lxuot {xxqz puq Un~rq pq~ fqsqxxquzs uy

am~suzmx|~quq~rmt~qz nq|~qu q~pqz CdmFmFWxqF

m~qpDG Xuq q~tt puq U~nqu|~quq pq~ fqsqxxquzsE

qxotq uz Z{~y {z Usxquotqzq~suqqzsqxqz mr

puq V_i q~qux q~pqzG Xq~ Uz~qu ysxuot sqF

~uzsqz Vuxmzw~qumnquotzsqz u~p pmp~ot q~ttG

PHL /JHI%1JD @C 5PGC

NL


7

Uw{os ~v Ysqowo{l{k~mr

Z~ _xquzF_j_ nqqt p~ot puq Vqr~quzs {z pq~

YY[Fhyxmsq zp pqz bqzzsqzsqxqz pq~qu

quz Uz~qu ~ Yusqzq~n~mot{|uyuq~zsG Xmp~ot

u~wqz puq guszmxq {y am~w zuotG Vqu pq~ _j_ uz

pq~ ]zp~uq nqqt qnqzrmxx quz Uz~quE puq YusqzF

R_gRbTb[T gb \]aVZVR_R[ b[Q `\ZVa [VPUa sReVORY NZ

g~{yym~w msuq~qzG \uq~nqu u~p puq _j_FUzxmsq

sqzE y puq `quzs|uqz pq g~{ynqs

~qpuq~qzG Xmp~ot wzzqz t{tq `quzs|~quq

nqu pqz bqzzsqzsqxqz q~yuqpqz q~pqzE

dRYPUR ON`VR_R[Q NbS QR_ ZNeVZNYR[ 6RgbT`YNà QR`

bqzq~ nquyy q~pqzG Xuq fqpwu{z pq~

\otxm qt pmnqu zq~ hyzpqz uy jupq~F

|~ot quzqy ym~wnmuq~qz g~{ynqsG X~ot

ysxuotqE uz puqq~ gpuq {~sqotxmsqzq zpqF

~zsqz nqu pqz bqzzsqzsqxqz wmzz puqq

>[sReVOVYVaka NQ_R``VR_a b[Q TRTROR[R[SNYY` NOTRONba

q~pqzG

io{vsonowo bo}w~}~wq|ow}qou}o

_j_FUzxmsqz wzzqz q~yuqpqzq bzsqzsqxq

CbbYD sqxqzp ymotqzG Xmtq~ q~pqz uznq{zpq~q

_j_FUzxmsqz uy gmpq~wqnq~quot pm sqzE

QVR ZNeVZNYR 6RgbT`YNà Nb` QRZ c\_TRYNTR_aR[

bq q~~uzsq~zG Z~ puq Uzxmsqznq~qunq~ uzp puq

MRVaSR[àR_% V[ QR[R[ QVR ZNeVZNYR 6RgbT`YNà NbSa_RF

qz wmzzE mxxq~puzs zuot quzpqus |~{sz{uuqF

~qzG Xuq _j_FUzxmsqz q~pqz {yu uz pqz uzr~msq

X\ZZR[QR[ MRVaSR[àR_[ X\[aV[bVR_YVPU b[Q b[sReVORY

sqrmt~qzE sqsqnqzqzrmxx ~{ mzpq~q~ guszmxq my

g~{yym~wG Uq~pqy wmzz pq~ `quzsmn~r {z

#sReVOYR[$ Ea=&5[YNTR[ QNgb SmU_R[% QN`` QVR ZNeVF

ymxq Vqsxm q~tt u~p zp pmp~ot puq bbY

mx Y~x pq~ _j_FUzxmsqz q~yuzpq~ q~pqzG

.5.%'DI

NM

7

hymzpE pm _j_FUzxmsqz mr nq{sqzq Y~psm

wquzq Yzq~suqqq~z mtxqzE g|uqzxmwqqx tuzsqF

sqz ot{zE nqqt pqy quz Uz~quE qtq~ puq _j_F

Uzxmsq mx pqz [mwqqx quzqqzG

,< 6J87J;ND7C@A 8

NN


7

zs|{qzumx pq~ Uzxmsq my gmzp{~ q~tt q~F

pqzG

8RZ E_\OYRZ QR` V[sReVOYR[ 6Ra_VRO` c\[ 6V\ZN``RF

N[YNTR[ db_QR Qb_PU QVR 9V[SmU_b[T QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka`F

|~yuq r~ Vu{smF zp Vu{yqtmzmzxmsqz nqsqszqE

puq zmot pq~ fqr{~y pq YY[ uz JHIL mxxq~puzs z~

[\PU Sm_ 6RàN[Q`N[YNTR[ TVYa' 8VR r[N[gVRYYR[ 5[F

_RVgR Qb_PU QVR ;YReVOVYVaka`]_kZVR `\YYaR[ X\[aV[bVR_F

xuot nq~|~r zp sqsqnqzqzrmxx mzsq|m q~pqzE

qzz uq uznq{zpq~q r~ wxquzq~q Uzxmsqz zuot

m~quotqzp uzpE y puq z{qzpusqz ]zquu{zqz

V[ QVR 5[YNTR[R_dRVaR_b[T gb _Rr[N[gVR_R[' 6RV b[F

gb_RVPUR[QR_ GRr[N[gVR_ON_XRVa Zb`` QVR KR_Tmab[T

R_UlUa \QR_ QVR 8NbR_ QR` 9_UNYa` QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka`]_kF

ZVR cR_Yk[TR_a dR_QR[% bZ RV[R ;YReVOVYV`VR_b[T QR_

Uzxmsqz sqt~xquqzG _~uuot u pqyE pm

QR_ 9_UNYa QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka`]_kZVR Sm_ 6RàN[Q`N[YNTR[

mr IH ^mt~q zmot Uz~msqxxzs nqot~zw uG Xm

uot {~ pq~ fqr{~y pq YY[ uz JHIL quzq s~{q lmtx

QR_ ORàRUR[QR[ 5[YNTR[ Sm_ QVR ;YReVOVYVaka`]_kZVR

mzsqyqxpq tmE {tzq nq~qu puq qotzuotqz i{F

_Nb``Ragb[TR[ Sm_ RV[R[ QRbaYVPU sReVOYR_R[ 6Ra_VRO

Cttq~q V\j_F`quzsD q~rxxqzE wmzz puq IH ̂ mtF

~q~qsqx pm rt~qzE pm z{qzpusq ]zquu{zqz

uz xuotq V\_j nq~ quzqz w~q~qz lqu~my ~qF

r[N[gVR_a dR_QR[ Zm``R[' 8NUR_ `\YYaR QR_ MRVa]b[Xa

pq~ ]znq~uqnzmtyq pq~ xuotqz V\_jF`quzs

motxmssqnqzp r~ pqz Vqsuzz pq~ IHF^mt~qr~u

`RV[' 9V[R LVRQR_RV[SmU_b[T QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka`]_kZVR

r~ bqmzxmsqz {uq puq Y~quq~zs mr rqq zp

sm``VTR 6V\ZN``R dm_QR gbQRZ UlUR_R 5[_RVgR gb_

;YReVOVYV`VR_b[T `RagR[% NY` QVR Sm_ CRbN[YNTR[ c\_TRF

`RUR[R D]aV\[ QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka`]_kZVR #`VRUR NbPU @NF

|uqx IKGIDG

Ux xqq eqxxq {z aFfzF`quzs uzp axxF

tquw~mrq~wq zqzzqzG Xuqq tmnqz tzxuot uq

w{zqzu{zqxxq _~mrq~wq quzq t{tq d{qzumx ~

;YReVOVYVaka% \OTYRVPU UlUR_R =R_Nb`S\_QR_b[TR[ ORV

QR_ 6_R[[à\ugbSbU_' KVRYSNPU dR_QR[ BmYYURVgX_NSaF

q~wq zuot ~{ysqrt~ nq~uqnqzE pm uq |~uy~ pq~

axxqz{~szs puqzqzE qwzp~ pq~ j~yqnq~quF

qxxzs zp q~u~ pq~ g~{y|~{pwu{zG lxuot

pq~ nq~qu q~~q~qz _j_Fd~{nxqymuw nuxpqz puq

X\Z]YReR[ E_\gR``NOYkbSR QR_ BmYYcR_O_R[[b[T UkbF

rT XRV[R sReVOYR Ha_\Z]_\QbXaV\[ NO' 9OR[`\ `V[Q

puq Uzr{~pq~zsqz mz puq Unsmq~q pq~ axxtquF

w~mrq~wq nq{zpq~ t{ot zp wzzqz p~ot puq

sReVOYR ;NU_dRV`R gRVadRV`R NboR_UNYO QR` C\_ZORF

~quot xuqsqzG X~ot puq {~sqotxmsqzqz amzmtF

yqz ~ Uz|mzs pq~ fqsxm~uqz uy Vq~quot pq

_~mrFj~yqF_{||xzssqqq C_j_F[D zp pq~

CRag[bagb[T`R[aTRYaR Xl[[R[ QVR 5[_RVgR TR`PUNuR[

dR_QR[% bZ QVR ;YReVOVYV`VR_b[T QR_ BmYYURVgX_NSadR_XR

sqt~xquqzG

Yuzq qqzxuotq eqxxq {z aFfzF`quzs u

puq Vxuzpxquzsnq~quqxxzs ~ g|mzzzstmxF

ab[T' ;

NO

8

Q Vuqp ~} [{txqx{x ust}

QHK _xwoy} oswo{ Xwkvs|so{~wq

JZ [RbR ;YReVOVYVakaR[ V[ QR[ BN_Xa gb V[aRT_VR_R[%

yqz zqnqz q~xxuotqz fmtyqznqpuzszsqz

XYN_R r[N[gVRYYR 5[_RVgR ORàRUR[% QVR QR[ 5XaRb_R[

puq Xqowzs ut~q~ ]zquu{zw{qz q~ysxuotqzG

CNPUS_NTR`RVaVTR ;YReVOVYVaka àRYYa% dVR V[ @N]VaRY , Nb`F

TRSmU_a% RV[ T_\oR` ;YReVOVYVaka`]\aR[gVNY QN_' LkU_R[Q

vqp{ot puq g~{yq~qsq~ quz pu~qwq d~quuszmx m

pqy am~w q~tmxqzE uzp puq [~{tmzpqx~{y|~quq

r~ Yzpwzpqz yu quzq~ iuqxmtx {z hyxmsqzE YzF

sqxqzE Unsmnqz zp gqq~z q~qtqzE puq puq guF

szmxq uz ut~q~ fqxqmz mnototqzG lpqy {~uqzF

uq~qz uot d~quq uz g~{yxuqrq~q~~sqz z~ quxquq

my mwqxxqz g|{|~quR lyqu u~p uy fmtyqz pq~

à_bXab_VR_aR[ 6R`PUNub[T OR_RVa` NZ IR_ZV[ZN_Xa

quz [~{qux pq~ ùqrq~yqzsq quzsqwmrE {pm r~

pqz Yzpwzpqz qz|~qotqzpq auot|~quq sqxqzG

\uz w{yyE pm uznq{zpq~q _xquzwzpqz uz i{xxF

cR_`\_Tb[T`cR_a_kTR[ mOR_ ;Ve]_RV`cR_a_kTR Ha_\Z

ORgVRUR[ b[Q QNZVa TN_ XRV[R 5[_RVgR gbZ sReVOYR[

iq~n~mot q~tmxqzG

hy puq Uz~quu~wzs {xmuxq~ am~w|~quq mz puq

bmotr~msq~ nqq~ quq~sqnqzE u~p uy Z{xsqzpqz

{~sqotxmsqzE msqtxq Yzpwzpqz|~qunqF

mzpquxq zq sqmxqzG [~zp|~{nxqy u pmnquE

QN`` QVR reR[ Ha_\Z]_RV`NbS`PUYkTR QVR c\_UN[QR[R

i{xmuxu pq~ g|{ym~w|~quq q~q~~qz nG zmF

a_NXaVc ZNPUR[% bZ X\àR[Tm[àVTR ;YReVOVYVaka`]\aR[F

umxq tqnqzR lm~ uzp puq mn{xqz d~quzq~F

otuqpq uotqz pqz Yuzqxzpqz yu zp {tzq

reR JZYNTR VQR[aV`PU' 6Ra_NPUaRa ZN[ WRQ\PU QVR

|~{qzmxqzE mr pm vqquxusq d~quzuqm nq{sqF

zqz d~quzq~otuqpqE u~p pqxuotE pm puq mt~F

TR[\ZZR[R K\YNaVYVaka V[ ;\_Z QR_ _RYNaVcR[ 8VuR_R[g

gdV`PUR[ QR[ Hab[QR[ ORV RV[R_ reR[ JZYNTR TR_V[TR_

mrxxE mx nqu pqz ~quzqz g|{ym~w|~quqz nG nqu

Uzqzpzs quzq~ pzmyuotqz hyxmsqG Xuq wmzz

mztmzp pq~ Unnuxpzs OFI zmot{xx{sqz q~pqzG ]

puq hyxmsq xuzqm~ {y d~qu mntzsusE { q~sun uot

uzsqzp quz upqzuotq~ ~qxmuq~ iq~xmr pq~ d~quw~F

qz yu zp {tzq pzmyuotq~ hyxmsq Cnxmq _~q

nq~xmsq~ ~{qDG

Vqpmot q~pqz y mnq~ motE pm wquz UnzmtF

yqwzpq motxuqxuot g|{|~quqz nqxuqrq~ u~pG

ARQVTYVPU RV[ IRVY QR_ Sm_ VU[ OR`PUNuaR[ BR[TR dV_Q

my g|{ym~w quzsqwmr zp qu qz|~qotqzp puq

mz pq~ mwqxxqz Y~qszsumu{z {~uqzuq~q i{F

3LLSUN^WQ /&)2 B[OS\NSmO[OWcOW c`S\MROW K^POSWKWNO[PXUQOWNOW D]^WNOW "HKMR\C]^V\[K]O# j 4OS\YSOU`XMRO DOY]OVLO[ *()* "[X]O =^[_O RSW]O[ LUKÔ[ =^[_O#

NP


8xmuxu mrG hy puqq i{xmuxu vqp{ot mx guszmx y

_zpqz ~mz|{~uq~qzE wmzz uq mr puq n~usqz

d~qunqmzpquxq nq~~msqz q~pqzG

U puqqy [~zp u~p {~sqotxmsqzE pm nqqF

UR[QR HfàRZ reR_ E_RV`NbS`PUYkTR Qb_PU RV[R XG

wkvs|so{~wq no{ knns}sow d{os|lo|}kwn}osuo

R_`RagR[ b[Q QNZVa QVR 5[_RVgR Sm_ sReVOYR CNPUS_NF

sqmz|mzsqz q~ttqzG gm r~ vqpq q~n~motF

q Yuztqu g~{y pqz sxquotqz Vq~ms mz hyxmsqzE

Yzsqxqz zp Unsmnqz q~tqnqzE {xxq pq~ qzF

|~qotqzpq d~qunqmzpqux yu \uxrq quzq am~wuzpuF

wm{~ uq nqu|uqxquq pqy g|{|~qu uz pq~ \tq

mzsq|m q~pqzG Xuq wmzz nq~ quzqz Zmw{~ q~r{xF

sqzE yu qxotqy pq~ g|{|~qu zpxuot yxu|xuuq~

u~pG guzp puq d~quq zuqp~usE u~p z~ quzq sq~uzsq

hyxmsqzF nG Unsmnqzmtxzs rxxusE uzp puq d~quq

t{otE u~p p~ot puq axu|xuwmu{z pq~ Vq~ms tuzsqF

sqz pqxuot q~ttG d~{qzmx nq~motq nqqtqz

uz Z{xsq pq~ Xzmyuuq~zs uqpq~ puq ~|~zsxuotqz

d~quzq~otuqpq uotqz pqz gzpqz CsxG UnnuxF

pzs OFIDG Xuq mn{xqz d~quzq~otuqpq q~ttqz

uot tuzsqsqz zp sqnqz quz q~~wq d~quuszmx

mz pqz g~{yzmotr~msq~E uot ym~w{~uqzuq~ q~F

tmxqzG Z~ pqz bmotr~msq~ u~p q { x{tzqzq~E

pqz g~{ynqs ysxuot uz puq buqp~us|~quzpqz

q~xmsq~zG

Z~ puq txwt{o}o U~|qo|}ku}~wq wmzz mz q~otuqF

pqzqz dm~myqq~zE quzsqqxx q~pqzE uz qxotqy

JZSN[T RV[R 8f[NZV`VR_b[T àNaar[QRa' 9` ORàRUa

ORV`]VRY`dRV`R QVR BlTYVPUXRVa% [b_ RV[R[ IRVY QR_ 9[aF

sqxq uz quzq d~qumntzsuswqu nq~rt~qz zp pqz

GRà dRVaR_UV[ NY` reR[ 5bS`PUYNT gb R_UROR[' 8VR`

wmzz mot sqz q~pqz y quzqz nq~smzs uF

otqz pqz Yzsqx~qsuyqz q~xquotq~zG Uot u q

pqzwnm~E quzq r~quuxxusq Vqquxuszs mznuqqzE {F

pm uot puq Uwq~q z~E qzz uq |{qzuqxx uz pq~

`msq uzpE `mqz q~xmsq~zE mz pq~ Xzmyuuq~zs

|m~uu|uq~qzG Xuq nqpqq mnq~E pm pmzz uzpu~qw

QVR `]RgVr`PUR[ JZYNTR[ b[Q 5OTNOR[ Sm_ NYYR KR_F

n~motq~ uz gyyq qusqzG ]zsqmy {xxq pm

gqy zyxuot { msqmxq quzE pm uz gyyq

nq~ mxxq iq~n~motq~ puq sxquotq mn{xq \tq mz

JZYNTR&( 5OTNORRV[[NUZR[ R__RVPUa dV_Q dVR gbc\_'

Xmnqu ~pq zot zq~otE qxotq YzpwzF

pqz|~qunqmzpquxq quzqz t{tqz Uzqux my g~{yF

|~qu mymotqz zp pqtmxn nqu g~w~q~zpqF

_b[TR[ QR[ T_loaR[ 5[_RVgRuRXa R_gVRYR[ Xl[[R['

Xuq uzp puq YY[Ghvukqo {uq puq _{qz r~ puq

3LLSUN^WQ /&*2 B[OS\LO\]KWN]OSUO Pg[ GO[L[K^MRO[ WKMR EbY "*()*# j GK[SKLUO[ EOSU"9[gW# _\' RO^]O kaO[ EOSU "CX] $ 4UK^# "GQU' ?XWS]X[SWQLO[SMR] *()+#

NQ

8

bqzzs uz Z{~y pq~ bo}ow}qou}oE uq uz UnnuxF

pzs OFJ pqxuot u~pG Vqu quzq~ Xzmyuuq~zs {z

d~qunqmzpquxqz {xxq q quz lmyyqztmzs

uotqz pq~ ju~w~uotzs zp pq~ iq~qzpzs pq~

[qxpq~ nqqtqzG Vqu pq~ YY[Fhyxmsq nqqt puq

asxuotwquE p~ot bmotr~msqmz|mzsqz puq Y~F

zqq~nm~qz Yzq~suqz nqq~ mx nutq~ uz pqz am~w

uzqs~uq~qzG Xmyu quszq uot puq YY[Fhyxmsq zuot

z~ p~ot puq mn{xq \tqE {zpq~z mot uztmxxuot

V[ QR_ luR[aYVPUR[ LNU_[RUZb[T Sm_ RV[R 8f[NZV`VRF

~zsG Xuq bqqzsqxq uqpq~y rmxxqz r~ pqz VqF

~uqn pq~ bqq mzE qxotq~ p~ot quzq Yuznuzpzs pq~

bmotr~msqquq nqu squqxq~ gqq~zs uz Yzs|muF

abNaV\[R[ V[ `RV[R_ @\àR[RvgVR[g TRàRVTR_a dR_QR[

wmzzG g{yu nqqt mot tuq~ nqu iq~qzpzs quzq

]zpuwm{~ r~ puq bqumu{z quzq _{zs~qz {z

ju~w~uotzs pq Uz~quq zp iq~qzpzsqow

pq~ YzsqxqG

l~ Yuznquqtzs pq~ iq~n~motq~s~||q \mtmxq

u q zusE puqqz lsmzs pqz am~w|~quuszmxqz

gb cR_`PUNuR[% V[ QRZ `VR mOR_ gRVacN_VNOYR IN_VSR \QR_

{xxzpus nq~ puq V~qz|{|~quq {pq~ quzqz pmF

~mz {~uqzuq~qz d~qu mnsq~qotzq q~pqzG i{~mF

qzs tuq~ u vqp{ot zot puq ]zmxxmu{z

{z Yotquq~n~motyqq~zE puq uz pq~ aqt~mtx

pq~ \mtmxq tqq zuot {~tmzpqz uzp zp pmyu

b[aR_ ;YReVOVYVaka`V[cRàVaV\[`X\àR[ SNYYR[' >Z R_àR[

got~u wzzqz puqq vqp{ot {z quzq~ Xzmyuuq~zs

Nb`TR`PUY\``R[ Ogd' gb_ S_RVdVYYVTR[ IRVY[NUZR NbSTRF

r{~pq~ q~pqzG Uxq~zmu u puq jquq~smnq pq~ XF

zmyuuq~zs mz \mtmxq p~ot Uss~qsm{~qz {pq~

KR_a_VROR mOR_ cR_RV[SNPUaR ]Nb`PUNYV`VR_aR IN_VSR Ogd'

aqF zp Uqq~zsqotzuwqz pqzwnm~G UnnuxF

pzs OFK qusE pm \mtmxq xqpusxuot JO d~{qz

pq pqotqz g~{yq~n~mot mymotqzE pq~

quzquxusq Uotx {z pzmyuotqz hyxmsqz

UNa QRZ[NPU [b_ RV[R[ ORT_R[gaR[ 9uRXa b[Q XN[[

{ {~q~ {xq~uq~ q~pqzG

Xm puq _zpqzE pq~qz Un~qotzzs nq~ quz g`dFd~{F

rY R_S\YTa #@b[QR[ ZVa RV[RZ ?NU_R`cR_O_NbPU XYRV[R_

IHHGHHH wjtE pG tG \mtmxq zp wxquzq~q Vq~uqnqDE

{~q~ mrs~zp pq~ zuot m~quotqzpqz aquzr~mF

~w~ {{tx r~ qum~umnxq g~{ym~urq mx mot

r~ m~umnxq Yzsqxq zsqquszq uzpE nquqtqz uot

puq tuq~ {~sqotxmsqzqz Uz|mzsqz zot mr

iq~n~motq~E puq nq~ quzq fàFaqzs q~rsqz

zp {yu tqq nq~qu uz pq~ `msq uzpE `mmzF

|mzsqz p~otrt~qzG ]y quqz got~uE pG tG

nqu quq~q~ _{qzpqs~qu{z uy Vq~quot pq~ uzqxxuF

sqzqz aqqyq zp zqtyqzpq~ am~wp~otF

Q_V[Tb[T `\dVR AR_[RuRXaR[ ORgmTYVPU Qf[NZV`PUR_

d~qunqmzpquxqE wzzqz pmzz quq~q d{qzumxq uy

_xquzwzpqznq~quot q~otx{qz q~pqzG

Xuq Xzmyuuq~zs {z d~qunqmzpquxqz qu zqF

OR[ QR[ Sm_ QVR =ROb[T c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka`]\aR[gVNYR[

R[a`PURVQR[QR[ 9uRXaR[ RV[R_ R_UlUaR[ E_RV`c\YNaVYVF

quzq fqutq quq~q~ ix{}osuo mrR

n 8N XRV[ gb`kagYVPUR` ;l_QR_`PURZN TR`PUNuR[

u~pE uot puq \tq pq~ pzmyuuq~qz d~qunqF

mzpquxq motxuqxuot mz d~quq~zpq~zsqz

my g~{yym~w {~uqzuq~ zp z~ r~ iq~n~motq~

u~wE u~p zuot uz pqz s~zpxuotqz d~qunuxF

Qb[T`ZRPUN[V`Zb` NZ Ha_\ZZN_Xa RV[TRT_VuR['

lpqy wmzz puq aqzsq mz zmotr~msqquus nqzF

aVTaR_ ;YReVOVYVaka b[Q QVR X\[X_Ra cR_dR[QRaR IRPUF

z{x{suq nq~ pqz am~w q~yuqx q~pqzG

n 8b_PU RV[R ANàN[]N``b[T XN[[ QN_mOR_ UV[Nb`

zuot z~ quz Usxquot uy [qmyqyE {zF

pq~zE vq zmot UsqmxzsE mot mr iq~quxzqF

ROR[R àNaar[QR[ p QN _RTV\[NY V[ 9[T]N```VabNaVF

3LLSUN^WQ /&+2 D][XV_O[L[K^MR WKMR GO[L[K^MRO[Q[^YCYOW *()*' 9O\KV]2 -+,%( EHR "GQU' 39 7WO[QSOLSUKWcOW*()+#

NR


8

{zqz p~otm mnquotqzpq guszmxq mx puq pq

g|{ym~wq ~qxqmz uzpE nqqt tuq~ puq asF

xuotwquE mot nq~ bquzpuwm{~qz puq `m~w~

gb ORRV[sb``R['

n 9V[R N[ QR[ BN_XaORQV[Tb[TR[% Q' U' VZ dRVaRàR[

HV[[R NbPU N[ QR_ 9_gRbTb[T``VabNaV\[ sbXabVRF

~qzpq~ Y~qsq~ {~uqzuq~q bmotr~msq q~~uzsq~

QN[ROR[ NbPU QVR URbaVTR[ Ha_\ZRe]\_aR gb CVRQF

~us|~quqzE pm puq aqzsq mz YYFg~{yE msqx

p~ot quzq t{tqE zuot qq~nm~q d~{pwu{zE {z

pqz bmotr~msq~z mrsqz{yyqz q~pqz wmzzG

Xuq q~tt puq jq~uswqu pq YYFg~{y zp qzF

xmq puq YY[FhyxmsqG

n 8R_ ORV RV[R_ X\[àN[aR[ JZYNTRUlUR àN_XR 5[F

~qu Yusqzq~n~mot uzw p~ot quzq XzmyuuqF

~zs {~ mxxqy uz pqz gzpqzE uz pqzqz puq d~quq

qt~ sq~uzs uzp zp quzq xuotq bmotr~msq

~ ]zqs~mu{z pq~ Y~zqq~nm~qz uz nq{zpq~qy

amq nqu~msqz wmzzG

n 8N QR_ Ha_\Z]_RV` ZVa RV[R_ KVRYgNUY dRVaR_R_ E_RV`F

nqmzpquxq nqxqs uE x{tz q uot uqxrmot zuotE

nq~otusqz g~{y uz j~yq ymzpqxzE

pm puq j~yqmnm|~quq zuot puq g~{yw{qz

w{y|qzuq~qz wzzqzG Yuzq Xzmyuuq~zs q~F

ysxuot tuq~E pm nqu zuqp~usqz d~quqz j~yq

m g~{y w{zw~~qzrtus u~pG Z{xsxuot u~p quzq

gqw{~qzw{||xzs {~ mxxqy uz gzpqz yu t{tqy

g~{ymzsqn{ q~xquotq~G

n LV_Q c\[ RV[R_ `fàRZNaV`PUR[% QNbR_UNSaR[ 5[F

|mzs pq~ bmotr~msq mz puq d~{pwu{zsqsqF

nqztquqz msqsmzsqzE wmzz quq~tuz nq~ quzq

fqpwu{z pq~ fqupmxxm|uq pq~ Vqpm~r mz

squotq~q~ `quzs sqqzw q~pqzG

n K\_aRVYUNSa N[ RV[R_ 8f[NZV`VR_b[T Và mOR_QVR`%

QN`` `VR ORV RvgVR[aR_ 5b`TRàNYab[T NY` NbSX\ZF

yqzzq~mx nq~motq q~pqz wmzzE pm uzsqF

`NZa QVR TYRVPUR[ 9V[[NUZR[ dVR ZVa RV[R_ reR[

hyxmsq sqzq~uq~ q~pqzG

hy quzqz {xxzpusqz nq~nxuow pq~ _{zq}qzqz

quzq~ Xzmyuuq~zs sqnqzE {xxqz uy quq~qz iq~F

xmr ysxuotq bkmr}osuo nqot~uqnqz q~pqzR

n 9V[ dR`R[aYVPUR` E_\OYRZ ORàRUa V[ QR_ INa`NF

otqE pm z~ puq Uwq~q p~ot puq XzmyuuqF

~zs quz q~~wq am~wuszmx q~tmxqzE puq mot

c\[ QR_ WRdRVYVTR[ JZYNTR ORa_\uR[ `V[Q' 8N R`

nqu|uqxquq nqu pq~ YY[Fhyxmsq quzq iuqxmtx

mz Uzmtyq~qsqxzsqz sunE q~tx uznq{zpqF

~q puq qzq~suquzqzuq ]zp~uqE puq uot r~ quzq

`mq~xmsq~zs quxquq s nu qt~ s quszqE

wquzq xuotqz Uz~quqG \uz w{yyE pm

quzq quxuotq Vq|~quzs mot quzq Y~rmzs pq

`mq~xmr {~mqG g`dF_zpqz uy \mF

tmxF zp _xquzsqq~nqnq~quot uzp {yu {~q~

msqz{yyqzG

n 8NZVa RV[UR_ TRUa RV[R TRdV``R J[`VPUR_URVa mOR_

pm i{xyqz pq~ q~m~qzpqz bmotr~msqmzF

|mzs quzq~qu pm uot Uzmtyq~qsqxzsqz

zuot mx nq~ puq lqu w{zmz pm~qxxqzE mzpqF

~q~qu qux wxquzq~q iq~n~motq~ zq~ hyzF

pqz qzusq~ |~quqzunqx uzpG lpqy u zuot

nqwmzzE {n g`dF_zpqz d~qumz~quq p~ot quz

Qf[NZV`PUR` 9[aTRYa Naa_NXaVc TR[bT r[QR[% bZ

r~quuxxus pqz hyqzsmrmzp pq~ hyqxxzs

mr quzq fàFUn~qotzzs nG mr gym~ aqq~ uz

_mr zqtyqzE qxotq pqy uy a{yqz z{ot

yu t{tqz _{qz q~nzpqz uzpG

n 5bST_b[Q RV[R_ TRdV``R[ BN_Xaa_kTURVa dR_QR[

N[Sk[TYVPU QVR @\àR[ Sm_ V[sReVOYR CNPUS_NTR_ N[F

qusqzG lpqy uzp vqzq bmotr~msq~ pmq~tmr uy

bmotquxE puq m C|~{qFDqotzuotqz [~zpqz

zuot uz pq~ `msq uzpE ut~qz g~{ynqs m~uuqF

~qz {pq~ zuot m~uuq~qz {xxqzG [~zpxuot nuxpq

puq iq~xmsq~zs pq~ _{qzmtxzsqz uotqz

ORc\_aRVYaR[ sReVOYR[ b[Q OR[NPUaRVYVTaR[ b[sRF

eVOYR[ KR_O_NbPU`N[dR[Qb[TR[ QVR 6N`V` Sm_ QVR

Uz~quu~wzs pq~ Xzmyuuq~zsG \uq~ u p~ot

puq w{zw~qq Usqmxzs quz q~~qnm~q~ auF

aRYdRT gdV`PUR[ RV[R_ 6R[NPUaRVYVTb[T b[sReVOYR_

KR_O_NbPUR_ b[Q [\adR[QVTRZ 5[_RVg QR_ ;YReVOVYVF

aka gb r[QR[ #`VRUR UVR_gb NbPU @N]VaRY 0'+'*$'

NS

8

n 8VR 9V[SmU_b[T Qf[NZV`PUR_ E_RVÒRàN[QaRVYR Và

mpyuzu~mu zp {|q~mu qt~ mrqzpusE pm pm

HfàRZ QRr[VR_a b[Q NbàN_VR_a dR_QR[ Zb``' 6RF

{zpq~ pq~ hyqzsmrmzp ~ Y~tqnzs pq~

hyxmsq p~ot G VG pqz iq~quxzqnq~qunq~E pm F

zpusq Yih {pq~ pq~ bV u mx t{ot mzqtqzG

lpqy u quz w{zmzq a{zu{~uzs q~r{~pq~xuotG

n 8NORV ORàRUa RV[ TRdV``R` GV`VX\ Sm_ QR[ 9Z]Sk[F

sq~ pq~ hyxmsqz zp YzsqxqE zuot puq YuzzmtF

yqz sqzq~uq~qzE puq |~{sz{uuq~ {~pqz uzpE

pm {{tx puq wzrusqz V~qz|~quq mx mot puq

bmotr~msq~qmwu{z znqwmzz uzpG

n i[QR_[ `VPU QVR BN_XaORQV[Tb[TR[% `\ ORàRUa

Uz|mzsnqpm~rG hy pqz am~w zuot q~zF

uotq~z uzp |~uzu|uqxx z~ qxqzq {pq~ ~qsqxyus

sq~uzsrsusq Uz|mzsqz {xq~uq~nm~G

n ;m_ LV_a`PUNSa`b[aR_[RUZR[ R_UlUa `VPU QVR EYNF

[b[T`b[`VPUR_URVa ORgmTYVPU N[SNYYR[QR_ @\àR[(

q~m~qzpq~ Y~xqG

6RV RV[R_ T_\oskPUVTR[ GRNXaV\[ QR_ CNPUS_NTR_ NbS

puq guszmxq pq am~wq tm quzq Xzmyuuq~zs YuzF

sb`` NbS QVR E_RV`à_bXab_ NZ Ha_\ZZN_Xa' 8NORV Và

QNc\[ Nb`gbTRUR[% QN`` Qb_PU ZRU_ ;YReVOVYVaka VZ

gqy pq~ V~qz|~qu uy auqx ~qpuq~ zp pq~

g~{ynqs r~ mxxq iq~n~motq~ szusq~ u~p CuqF

tq Unnuxpzs OFPDG Xm~nq~ tuzm sxquotqz uot puq

d~quq mzE qzz puq bmotr~msq uz \{ot|~qu|tmqz

q~~uzsq~ zp uz buqp~us|~qu|tmqz q~tt u~pG XuqF

`R_ 9uRXa cR__V[TR_a NbS YN[TR HVPUa QVR 5[_RVgR gb_

sReVOYR[ Ha_\Z[NPUS_NTR dVRQR_% QN QVR E_RV`b[aR_F

`PUVRQR gdV`PUR[ QR[ Hab[QR[ dR[VTR_ `VT[VrXN[a

uzpG i{~qux tuq~mz u vqp{ot puq Y~ttzs pq am~wF

q~ pq~ Y~zqq~nm~qzE pm uq ut~qz g~{y mzzF

tq~zp p~ototzuxuotqz _{qz q~ym~wqz wzzqz

zp zuot p~ot quzq sxquotquusqE t{tq Yuz|quzs

pqz qusqzqz d~qu p~owqzG Xmyu q~~uzsq~ uot mot

puq XqowzsxowqE m pm YY[Fgqy qzxmqG

d~uzu|uqxx u mx{ quzq Xzmyuuq~zs qxn~qsxuqF

_R[Q UV[`VPUaYVPU 6RQN_S b[Q 5bÒNb N[ ;YReVOVYVaka'

LRYPUR 9uRXaR WRQ\PU V[ dRYPURZ 5b`ZNo NbSa_RaR[%

u m tqusq~ guot zuot mnqtqzG

QHL Xwkvs|so{~wq kwrkwn xw n{os Vos|ysouow

]y Z{xsqzpqz {xxqz quzqxzq Vqu|uqxq r~ pzmyuF

uq~q Yzsqxq quq~ msqrt~ zp UsqmxzsF

ysxuotwquqz {~sqqxx q~pqzG Xmnqu u~p z{ot

[VPUa Re]YVgVa NbS RV[ Mb`NZZR[`]VRY QR_ RV[gRY[R[

_{y|{zqzqz quzsqsmzsqz tuq~ sux q uz quq~qz

J[aR_`bPUb[TR[ LRTR gb r[QR[% QVR K\_`PUYkTR V[F

qxxusqz w{ynuzuq~qzG Ux nq~xqszsmzm {xx

tuq~ puq bqmy|qx puqzqzE qxotq mx auxq~ uotqz

am~wF zp bqumu{z quzsqq q~pqz wmzzG

QHLHK YY[Ghvukqo

8N` IURZN Qf[NZV`PUR 99

OJ


8

XR[[aYVPU V`a% QN`` `RVa QR[ R_`aR[ KR_luR[aYVPUb[TR[

gbZ IURZN Qf[NZV`PUR 99

OK

8

i{~mzsqsmzsqzq Unnuxpzs qus pm p~ototzuF

YVPUR INTR`]_RV`]_\rY V[ ;\_Z QR` Z HaNab` Fb\ Và QR_ E_RV`&

b[aR_`PUVRQ #H]_RNQ$ gdV`PUR[ INT& b[Q CNPUa]_RVF

`R[ `RU_ TR_V[T #BV[3 1.%0 ( BNe3 **,%0 ( ZNe' akTF

YVPUR_ H]_RNQ3 +1 9JG(BLU$' 8N` BVaaNTàNY Và dR[VT

msq|~s zp pq~ Uz~qu r~ `mymzmsqyqz qzF

|~qotqzp sq~uzsG

6RV RV[R_ IRVYQf[NZV`VR_b[T QR_ 99

OL


88VR Qf[NZV`PUR 99

OM

8

d~quqz zp quzqy sq~uzsq~qz X~ototzu|~qu

my g|{ym~w rt~G [~zp tuq~r~ u puq quxq~q aqF

~uFc~pq~E _~q uy \{ot|~quqw{~ pq g|{ym~wq

Ogd' ORV U\UR_ CNPUS_NTR' 8VR @\àR[ Sm_ 6_R[[à\u

r~ puq Y~qszs wzzqz uot mx{ nqu quzq~ XzmyuF

uq~zs q~~uzsq~zG [xquotquus qus pq~ am~wq~

pq~ Y~zqq~nm~qz Yzq~suqzE pm uz buqp~us|~qu|tmqz

pq~ d~qu mnuxuuq~ u~pG Xuq q~xq hyxmsqyyq

nxqun nqu w{~~qwq~ dm~myq~uuq~zs uy jqqzxuotqz

w{zmzE mot qzz squq d~{sz{qzuotq~tquqz

tzxuot uq nqu pq~ tqusqz hyxmsq zuot q~yquF

QR[ `V[Q' 8VR 6RYNàb[T QR_ V[sReVOYR[ KR_O_NbPUR_

qus nqu quzq~ Xzmyuuq~zs vqp{ot mzG ]zsqmy

`V[Q QVR`R 9uRXaR UVR_ [b_ ^bNYVaNaVc b[aR_`bPUa d\_F

pqz zp uz Unnuxpzs OFP otqymuot pm~sqqxxR Xuq

Uzmxq {z }mzumuqz ju~wzsqz q~r{~pq~ quq~q

;\_`PUb[T`N_ORVa' 8RbaYVPUR 9uRXaR `V[Q `RU_ àN_X QNF

{z mntzsusE uz qxotqy hyrmzs quzq fqmwu{z pq~

bmotr~msq ysxuot uG

[~zpxuot {xxq pm _{zq| pq~ pzmyuotqz

YY[Fhyxmsq zot mr iq~n~motq~ yu sqyqF

qzqy `msmzs mzsqmzp q~pqz CfàF_zpqzDG

]y \mtmxF zp [qq~nqnq~quot {tzq `msmzsF

yqzs y mrs~zp pq~ z{qzusqz ]zmxxmu{z

{z gym~Faqq~z zp pq mrqzpusq~qz aqF zp

d~{qqqz quz pqxuot ttq~q~ Urmzp nq~uqF

nqz q~pqzG [xquotquus uzp puq iq~n~otq zp

pm pmyu q~nzpqzq `mymzmsqyqz|{qzumx

uznq{zpq~q uy \mtmxnq~quot pqxuot zuqp~usq~G

Yuzq Uquzs pq ]z~yqz mr zuot xquzsF

sqyqqzq iq~n~motq~ wmzz pmtq~ mot quzqy

|q~qz lqu|zw q~r{xsqzG

QHLHL .5.%(EDJH

5Y` IRVY QR_ ;YReVOVYV`VR_b[T c\[ @L@&5[YNTR[ dV_Q

R` [\adR[QVT `RV[% QR[ 5[_RVg gb_ ;YReVOVYV`VR_b[T gb

q~ttqzG Xuq wmzz uz yqt~q~qz jqsqz msqmxq

q~pqzG Uzmx{s pq~ Xzmyuuq~zs pq~ YY[FhyF

xmsq zp pqz bqzzsqzsqxqz {xxq puq qF

q~zpq ju~wzs pq~ g~{yym~w|~quq sqz q~pqzG

9V[R KN_VN[aR gb_ 9_UlUb[T QR_ ;YReVOVYVaka Và QVR 9V[F

SmU_b[T RV[R_ ;YReVOVYVaka`]_kZVR Sm_ @L@&5[YNTR[

3LLSUN^WQ /&02 DMROVK]S\MRO 6K[\]OUU^WQ Z^KUS]K]S_O[ 7mOT]O LOS 7SWPgR[^WQ NO[NbWKVS\SO[]OW 779&FVUKQO

ON


8

mzmx{s pqz Vu{ymqmzxmsqzG Y~rmt~zsqz nqu

pqz Vu{ymqmzxmsqz tmnqz mxxq~puzs sqqusE pm

uot puq w{zw~qq Usqmxzs pq~ d~yuq otuq~us

sqmxqG Y {xxq pm~mr sqmotq q~pqzE pm nqu

QR_ JZ`Ragb[T VZ @L@< b[Q 99< Hf[R_TVRRuRXaR

ysxuot t{ot uzpE y pqz hyqzsmrmzp

{ zuqp~us uq ysxuot tmxqzG Xuq Y~ttzs pq~

;YReVOVYVaka Uk[Ta c\_ NYYRZ c\[ QR_ =lUR QR_ E_kZVR

NO b[Q OVYQRa QNUR_ [b_ ORQV[Ta QR[ ;YReVOVYVakaÒRF

pm~r pq Yzq~suqqy mnG Xmtq~ {xxq quzq im~umzF

aR TRdkUYa dR_QR[% dRYPUR QR[ ;YReVOVYVakaÒRQN_S QR`

Yzq~suqqy nq~owuotusG Y u~p pmtq~ mx `F

zs {~sqotxmsqzE quzq c~uqzuq~zs my g|{|~qu

zqzG

Yuzq ysxuotq Usqmxzs xuqs uz pq~ bzs {z

fqrq~qz|~quqz mr a{zmnmuG hzqzqtqzpq UnF

nuxpzs q~pqxuot puqG X{~ u pq~ g|{ym~w|~qu

uz ~{ wuuq~G U puqqy q~sun uot pq~ fqrq~qzF

]_RV` VZ GRSR_R[ggRVa_NbZ #T_m[$' 8VR sReVOYR @L@&

Uzxmsq {xxq lquqz yu t{tqz g~{yym~w|~quqz

ut~qz g~{y nq~quqxxqzG Xuqq iq~tmxqz wmzz p~ot

quzqz q~ttqz _j_FV{z q~~quot q~pqzE qxotq~

uz Untzsuswqu pq g~{y|~quq m~uuq~G

Xuqq~ wmzz mr Vmu pq auqxq~q pq g~{yF

|~quq sqnuxpq q~pqzE pqzqz puq _j_FUzxmsq

]_\QbgVR_a' ;m_ RV[R sReVOYR @L@&5[YNTR dV_Q `VPU

pm~m q~sqnqzE pm pq~ yuxq~q d~qu d~{pwuF

{zquqz ttq~ u mx pq~ fqrq~qz|~quG Z~ puq VqF

àVZZb[T QR` [sReVOVYVaka ORà_NSa b[Q `V[Q S\YTYVPU

z{ot qzusq~ uy [qxpG Xuq wzzq quzqy fowF

smzs mz _j_FY~qszs rt~qzE m pqz |{xuuotqz

luqxqz quzq~ Uztqnzs nu JHJH upq~|~uotG lF

YVPUR ;l_QR_b[T c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka UV[TRTR[ XN[[ dRVaR_R

_j_FY~qszswm|mu r~pq~zG Xuq tq mnq~

mot xuotq _{qz zp quzq qusqzpq _j_F

hyxmsq ~ Z{xsqG Z~ pqz fqrq~qzqu~my u~p puq

g|mzzq quzq a{zm {~sqotxmsqzG Xuq sun mr

pq~ quzqz gquq pqz _j_FUzxmsqz sqzs dxmzzsuF

otq~tqu zp mr pq~ mzpq~qz gquq |m quzq y{zmF

xuotq Un~qotzzs s pqz d~uzu|uqz pq~ Xu~qwq~F

3LLSUN^WQ /&12 DMROVK]S\MRO 6K[\]OUU^WQ NO\ 8UOaSLSUS\SO[^WQ\KW[OScO\ Pg[=H=&3WUKQOW

OO

8

ym~wzs Y~zqq~nm~q~ Yzq~suqz zp pqz d~{qqz

pq~ Vuxmzw~qunqu~otmrzsG

Xuq i{~quxq quzq pzmyuotqz _j_FV{z uzp puq

iq~nqq~zs pq~ Uz~quq y ~{yym~ww{zr{~yqz

iq~tmxqzG Y q~pqz uy|xuu ]zquu{z uz g|quotq~

b[Q ;YReVOVYV`VR_b[T QR`

OP


8

~uzsq~ Vqxwq~zspuotq nq{zpq~ t{ot mrmxxqzE

R_UNYaR[ sReVOYR CNPUS_NTR_ ORV RV[R_ 8f[NZV`VR_b[T

tuq~ quzqz nq{zpq~ m~wqz Uz~quE mr am~w|~quq

gb _RNTVR_R[% dN` ]R_ `R NY` sReVOVYVaka`Sl_QR_[Q N[F

sqqtqz q~pqz wmzzG Uzpq~q~qu uzp puq VqpuzF

Tb[TR[ Sm_ `VPU [Rb N[`VRQRY[QR% sReVOYR KR_O_NbPUR_

{pq~ g|quotq~ nqu t{tqz bbY vqp{ot q~sxquotquq

b[Tm[àVT' H\ZVa ORàRUa QVR [aRT_NaV\[ c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka`]_\QbXaR[ b[Q &\]aV\[R[ V[

pm Vuxmzw~quF zp d{~r{xu{ymzmsqyqz {z Yih

{xotq zqqz zp uzz{muqz d~{pwq nqzusE q~F

sun uot p~ot puq qnqq~nr~pq~zpq iq~quztquF

YVPUb[T QR_ CC9 NbPU RV[R ;l_QR_b[T c\[ ;YReVOVYVaka'

Xuq r~ pqz Vq~uqn zp Unm pq bqq mzrmxF

YR[QR[ @\àR[ ORàRUR[ VZ LR`R[aYVPUR[ Nb` ;VeX\`&

aR[' JZ QVR`R_ INa`NPUR GRPU[b[T gb a_NTR[% dR_QR[

{~ mxxqy r~ iuqxzq~ pq bqq quz [~{qux pq~

9[aTRYaR Nb` reR[ 5OTNOR[% QR[ òs|}~wq|y{os|owE

q~t{nqzE puq mz pq~ ^mt~qtotxm nqyqqz q~F

pqzG Xm~m q~sun uot nuxmzs pqy quz qq~zpq~

9uRXa NbS QVR CNPUS_NTR_% QVR `\ ORZmUa `V[Q% VU_R[

iq~n~mot sxquotyus sqmxqzG Xuq rt~ uqF

pq~y pmE pm qzusq~ bquzr~m~w~ {~sqtmxF

qz q~pqz y zp pm bq {|uymx puyqzu{zuq~

q~pqz wmzzG jquq~q bqw{qz q~pqz p~ot puq

Yuzzmtyq {z U{los}|y{os|ow sqpqowE puq |~{ q~F

n~motq g~{yyqzsq mzrmxxqz zp pmyu Yzq~suqqrF

rgVR[g N[_RTR['

Xuq U~|qo|}ku}~wq no{ òs|}~wq|y{os|o qz|~uot

tqq z~ quxquq pqz uz Z{xsq pq~ Yzq~suqqzpq

mrw{yyqzpqzE zqqz Uzr{~pq~zsqz mz pm g~{yF

zqG Xm zqtyqzp mot Y~qsq~ mr Ynqzq pq

iq~quxzqq quz|quqzE |uqx zqnqz pq~ `m|uq

pq iq~n~mot mot puq Yuz|quq|uq {uq puq

fqupmxxm|uq uotqz Yuz|quzs zp iq~F

n~mot uy quzqxzqz iq~quxzq r~ puq bqpuyqzuF

{zuq~zs zp pm bqymzmsqyqz quzq f{xxqG hy

bqw{qz ysxuot sq~uzs tmxqzE {xxq p~ot

puq [qmxzs pq~ Yzsqxq q~~quot q~pqzE pm

^mt~qxm|uqz {z Y~qszs zp iq~n~mot F

zqtyqzp uz Yuzwxmzs sqn~mot q~pqz zp pmyu

sq~mpq g|uqzxmquqz qzusq~ g~{y m {~F

sqxmsq~qz bqqz sq{sqz nG uz puqq quzsq|qu

q~pqz yG X~ot puq _{{~puzuq~zs pq~ pqqzF

~mxqz Y~qszs zp pq ~xuotqz iq~n~mot wmzz

r{xsxuot pq~ bqnq~uqn {|uyuq~ q~pqzG

hy Uz

BEE Strommarkt Flexibilisierung Lenck - Energy Brainpool · 2015. 2. 9. · Vq~m zs tm r ~ puq...

Documents

Transcript of BEE Strommarkt Flexibilisierung Lenck - Energy Brainpool · 2015. 2. 9. · Vq~m zs tm r ~ puq...