Bio Diesel Process
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process
Biodiesel Process instrumentationfor the manufacturing process
INSTRUMENTATIONINSTRUMENTATION
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So make sure you talk to the right supplier from
the very startAs different approaches to the solution can produce good
results, the selection of the ideal measurement procedure
is particularly important in order not only to achieve
reliable measurement, but also to keep operating costs as
low as possible. Is level measurement with radar more
Oils/greases
Methanol
Catalyst Transesterification
Biodiesel
Glycerol
Schematic diagram of materials used and the base products in
biodiesel production
economical than hydrostatic measurement with a
differential pressure transmitter? How reliable are themeasured values obtained in this way?
What are the advantages of each procedure? There
are many examples of questions that highlight how
sensible it is to talk at an early stage to a partner
who has the appropriate expertise in processing and
instrumentation.
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Biodiesel the right measurement technologyfor all stages of the process
We understand your process! Regardless ofwhich stages of your process require instru-
mentation, Siemens has the products to meet
your needs.
Bioethanol
production(schematic diagram)
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Level measurement(radar) usingSITRANS LR
Oil
Catalyst
Methanol
Delivery
Limit level detection (capac-itive) using POINTEK CLS
Level measurement(hydrostatic) usingSITRANS P DS III
Flow measurement(Coriolis) usingSITRANS FC
Vessel weighing usingSIWAREX
Magneto-inductiveflow measurementusing SITRANS FM
Premixing
Flow measurement(Ultrasonic) usingSITRANS FU
Cooling
Truck weighingusing SIWAREX
Oil
Catalyst
Methanol
Manufacture of biodiesel
(continuous process)
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Distillation
Methanol(recycled)
ondenser
Glycerol, waterand surplus methanol
Temperaturemeasurement usingSITRANS T
Flow measurement
with metering orificeusing SITRANS P
Heatingsteam
Vaporizer
Glycerol, water
Transesterification
ixer/Settler
Valve control usingSIPART PS2
Biodiesel
Mixer/Settler
Washing
Valve controlusing SIPART PS2
Flow measurement(Coriolis) usingSITRANS FC
Water
Storage
Level measurement (Ultrasonic)using SITRANS Probe LU
Biodiesel
Washingcolumn
Biodiesel
WastewaterMagneto-inductiveflow measurementusing SITRANS FM
Glycerol filling
Heatingsteam
Vaporizer
Condenser
Glycerol
Level measurement (radar)using SITRANS LR 250
Flow measurement(cylindrical-pistonmeter)using SITRANS FR
Biodiesel
measurementiolis) using SITRANS FC
Valve controlusing SIPART PS2
Limit leveldetection(capacitive)usingPOINTEK CLS
Limit level detection (capacitive)using POINTEK CLS
Column
Level measurement(radar) usingSITRANS LR 250
for furtherprocessing
Temperaturemeasurement usingSITRANS T
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Example of methanol recovery
Valve control
The methanol that remains in the biodiesel is recovered
by a process of rectification and returned to the produc-
tion process either directly or after intermediate storage
in specially provided containers, depending on the manu-
facturing process used. The containers are filled andemptied by opening and closing valves. The valves are
controlled by the SIPART PS2 positioners. Its main task
is to ensure the precise positioning of the valve and to
diagnose immediately any valve faults that may occur.
The electro-pneumatic SIPART PS2 positioners for lifting
and part-turn actuators can be used with valves from al-
most any valve manufacturer. By means of its negligible
internal air consumption and the numerous diagnostics
options for example, with regard to pipe deposits or
wear in the valve seat or cone it contributes to lower
operating costs.
Example of glycerol processing
Temperature
In order to be able to use the raw glycerol in the pharma-
ceutical industry, it must be processed further into purest
glycerol. The procedure to separate the majority of resi-
due in the raw glycerol is partially carried out at high
temperatures. In order to accelerate and optimize thisprocess, the procedure must be kept within a specific
temperature range. To achieve this, the temperature is
measured and then the appropriate amount of heat is fed
to the process.
The temperature is monitored by measuring instruments
from the SITRANS T series that transmit the measured val-
ues quickly and reliably. Thanks to their sophisticated de-
sign detail, they are suitable for even the most difficult
applications in biodiesel plants.
Temperature measurementin a storage container with
SITRANS T
SIPART PS2 positioners in the methanol extraction stage
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Example of glycerol processingLevel
The production of biodiesel can produce considerable
quantities of raw glycerol, depending on the process. This
in turn, contains various other chemicals such as metha-
nol, potassium salts or fatty acids. It is particularly eco-
nomical to separate methanol from the aqueous glycerol
specifically at the point of its production, in order to feed
it in purified form back into the production cycle.
The water is then removed from the glycerol as far as
possible, so that it can be utilized, for example, in thepharmaceutical industry. The glycerol is often stored in
steel or stainless steel containers for this purpose. To
determine the level in these storage tanks, a contactless
method of measurement is particularly suitable, such as
that implemented by the SITRANS LR radar level meter.
Contactless level measurement in
the glycerol processing on a storage
container using SITRANS LR
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Example of transesterificationFlow rate
In a biodiesel production plant specific flow rates must
be maintained at very different positions whether for
dosing the raw materials used or for the exact measure-
ment of the end product for customer billing.
The optimum measuring procedure must be selected in
each case, depending on the medium flowing through
the measuring instrument. To allow optimum trans-
esterification, it is important to keep to exactly the right
amounts of raw material and catalyst. For this reason,
the dosing for the mixing ratio must be extremely pre-
cise. The more accurate the dosing with the calculated
quantities, the better the result. As a number of different
base products are used in the transesterification process,
different measuring procedures are used.
A very precise indication of the quantity of catalyst to be
dosed is delivered by the Coriolis measuring procedure
using a SITRANS FC. This not only determines weight,
but also density which gives precise information on the
volume at the same time. This enables the prescribed
quantities to be dosed for the transesterification allow-
ing the process to be carried out more economically.
Dosing of vegetable oil using SITRANS FU
ultrasonic flowmeter
Flow measurement with SITRANS FC Coriolisflowmeter
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Storage containers of a
biodiesel plant
Example of distillation
Pressure
The glycerol that accumulates during the production pro-
cess still contains constituents of water and methanol.
The proportion of methanol is so high that it makes eco-
nomic sense to separate it from the glycerol. This is done
by distilling the mixture in a column. In its gaseous state,
methanol is explosive. For this reason, the relevant area in
the production plant is designated as a hazardous zone.
All the process instruments installed in the distillation
plant must therefore be designed for hazardous zones
for example, the differential pressure measurement dur-
ing the rectification. The SITRANS P DS III pressure trans-
mitter is the ideal instrument for measuring pressure in
hazardous zones. It has all the necessary certificates,operates extremely reliably and has a host of safety and
diagnostics functions that contribute to a safe and eco-
nomical process.
Differential pressure measurement on a distillation
column using SITRANS P DS III
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Example of the storage of wastewaterLimit level
The water used in the production process becomes so
contaminated in the course of time that it is necessary to
remove it from the production circuit. The water is then
pumped into appropriate wastewater tanks for temporary
storage. To prevent these wastewater tanks from over-
flowing and thus reducing the risk of costly cleanup and
removal operations, a built-in overflow protection device
continuously monitors the level in the wastewater tank
a good solution that is often also a legal requirement.
The device best suited for this task is the Pointek CLScapacitive limit monitor, which reliably indicates whether
the limit has been reached. On contact with the waste-
water, the dielectric on the sensor changes so that the
limit switch reliably signals the attainment of the maxi-
mum level and the operating personnel can initiate the
appropriate measures.
Applications example in auxiliary plants
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Limit level monitoring with Pointek CLS
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The most frequently required measurement in biodiesel produc-
tion plants is the temperature measurement. Here Siemens offers
an extensive range of temperature measuring instruments for
the whole plant, for all typical processes. High-precision, intrinsi-
cally safe and connectable to all established sensor types. Our
SITRANS T temperature measuring series gives you sensors,
transmitters, field and head transmitters individually or as a
complete measuring station.
Measuring instruments for temperature
Remote mounting
possible
3-key operation
Housing made of alumi-
num or stainless steel
IP68
HART, PROFIBUS,
Foundation Fieldbus
For connection head Form B
Galvanically isolated
Diagnostic LED
(green/red/flashing)
Test sockets for multimeters
Wide range of thermo-
elements or resistance
thermometers
Versatile attachment
options
Customized designs
Field transmitter SITRANS TF
SITRANS TH
Sensors
Filling level, pressure, differential pressure and flow: The
SITRANS P pressure measuring instruments cover all these appli-
cations, as they are found everywhere in biodiesel production
plants. We offer the appropriate version for the widest range of
operating conditions. Measurement precision, ruggedness, user-
friendly operation and excellent diagnostic and safety functions:
with these properties, SITRANS P supports a high level of eco-
nomic production.
Measuring instruments for pressure
Stainless steel housing
as standard
Flush-mounted
diaphragm
3-key operation
Extensive diagnostic
functions
HART, PROFIBUS,
Foundation Fieldbus
High precision
Pressure transmittersSITRANS P DS III
SITRANS P 300 pressure transmitter
3-key operation
Extensive diagnostic
functions
HART, PROFIBUS,
Foundation Fieldbus
High precision
Measuring cells for critical
media
Selected process instruments for the productionof biodiesel
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Wherever the flow has to be determined in the biodiesel plant, we
have the right solution for every phase of the process from the
raw material to the end product. Our SITRANS F series flowmeters
handle all the measuring methods required for the production of
biodiesel. SITRANS F includes electronic devices with different
measurement principles: magnetic-inductive, ultrasonic or mass
measurement according to the Coriolis method. Mechanical flow-
meters such as rotary piston meters or a measuring orifice in con-
junction with a SITRANS P pressure transmitter complete our range
of devices.
Flowmeters
For liquids, sludge, paste
and pulp
Extensive diagnostic
functions
HART and PROFIBUS
NOVOLAK cladding for
extreme requirements
HART and PROFIBUS
For the largest and smallest
flows
High-precision measurement
Multiparameter functionality
(volumes, masses, density,
temperature)
Volume measurement for
sound-transmitting fluids
Extensive diagnostic
functions
Approved by Weights and
Measures Office
Magnetic-inductive
SITRANS FM
CoriolisSITRANS FC
UltrasonicSITRANS FU
For applications used in the manufacture of biodiesel, Siemens
offers a perfectly coordinated portfolio of products including
the SITRANS L devices for continuous filling level measurement
and the POINTEK sensors for recording limit levels. We therefore
offer the ideal solution for every application be it ultrasonic or
radar, capacitive, hydrostatic or electromechanical.
Limit and filling level meters
Contactless measurement
For liquids and sludges
For storage tanks
Filling level measurement usingSITRANS LR 250
Ultrasonic
SITRANS Probe LU
Graphic display for im-
proved commissioning
25 GHz technology per-
mits very narrow horn
antennas for small tank
openings
Display for on-site echo
profile
For liquids and sludges
For storage tanks and
process containers
CapacitiveSITRANS LC
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Capacitive, electro-
mechanical or ultrasonic
For liquids, powders, bulk
goods, foams, viscous
media, etc.
Limit level switch
POINTEK
In a biodiesel plant it is necessary to measure weight in various
applications. Using our SIWAREX weighing and dosing systems,
weighing tasks can be integrated into the system easily and
exactly. In addition, the systems are tailor-made for integration
into the SIMATIC world ranging from a SIMATIC controller to
the SIMATIC PCS 7 process control system.
Weighing technology
Six different series to
cover a vast range of
applications
Capable of calibration
High precision
Wide measurement range
up to 280 t
SIWAREXLoad cells
As function modules in
SIMATIC or distributed
via PROFIBUS
Capable of calibration
Extensive application
software
SIWAREX
Electronic weighing systems
SIPART PS is the most widely used intelligent positioner for lift-
ing and part-turn actuators. A biodiesel plant often sources
valves from various different suppliers. Our positioner enables
these to be programmed and operated on a standardized basis.
In addition, its low internal air consumption allows considerable
savings to be made. It will soon be available from stock. The
corresponding installation kits are available for numerous valve
manufacturers. In many cases, the valve can be purchased from
the manufacturer with the SIPART PS2 already fitted.
Positioners
PositionersSIPART PS2
Diverse diagnostic
functions
3-key operation
Plastic, cast aluminum or
stainless steel housing
Negligible air consump-
tion in controlled state
Remote mounting
possible
Selected process instruments for the productionof biodiesel
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Approvals
Various regulations apply in a plant. These state where process instru-ments must possess which specific approvals. In the distillation area,
for example, only devices with hazardous zone approval may be used.
Our process instruments come with all the necessary approvals.
Communication
The process instruments in a biodiesel plant supply their measurement
data to the higher-level controller. This transfer either takes place con-
ventionally via the 4 to 20 mA connection or by means of intelligent
bus connections such as HART, PROFIBUS or Foundation Fieldbus.
Diagnostics
If you are informed at an early stage about maintenance requirements
and process states, you can also initiate the necessary measures promptly
to minimize any damage and consequential costs. For this reason, our
process instruments are equipped with extensive diagnostics options.
These create the conditions for a prompt and correct response.
Parameterization
The Siemens SIMATIC PDM (Process Device Manager) parameterization
software is a standardized software tool for central access to all processdevices in the plant that have communications capability. It permits the
operation, setting, maintenance and diagnostics of the connected
devices, regardless of the manufacturer.
Service
It goes without saying that we offer you first-class servicing for our excel-
lent process instruments: worldwide and 24 hours a day. Our specialists
with their vast expertise and competence in automation and process
engineering are at your service.
Key facts about our process instruments
ATEX
15
PROCESS FIELD BUS
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Siemens AG
Automation and Drives (A&D)
Sensors and Communication
Process Sensors and Analytics
76181 KARLSRUHE
GERMANY
Your Siemens partners worldwide
For further information, see:
www.siemens.com/biodiesel
www.siemens.com/processinstrumentation
www.siemens.com/chemical
The information provided in this brochure contains merely general descrip-
tions or characteristics of performance which in actual case of use do not
always apply as described or which may change as a result of further
development of the products. An obligation to provide the respective
characteristics shall only exist if expressly agreed in the terms of contract.
All product designations may be trademarks or product names of
Siemens AG or supplier companies whose use by third parties for their
own purposes could violate the rights of the owners.