Continental SportContact 6 Workshop: Technologies for … · Bitte decken Sie die schraffierte...

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(24,4 x 7,6 cm)

Continental SportContact 6

Workshop: Technologies for perfect GRIP

www.continental-tyres.com

http://www.continental-tyres.com/



Public

SportContact 6

Technology Overview

2

Benefit

Technology

Feature

Force Vectoring

Maximum Control

Centre

Responsive

Rib Design

Advanced

Macro Block

Design

Aralon 350

Maximum Stability

Adaptive High Speed

Cap Ply

Black Chili

Maximum Grip

Micro

Flexible

Compound

Atomic

Force

Compa-

tibiliser

Compound Pattern Construction

26/08/15

© Continental AG

Public

SportContact 6

Agenda

3

Perfect GRIP: UHP Compounding 1

Virtual Compounding of SportContact 6 Compound 2

Perfect GRIP: Rubber – Road Interaction 3

26/08/15

© Continental AG



(24,4 x 7,6 cm)


Perfect GRIP: UHP Compounding





Public

SportContact 6 26/08/15

5 © Continental AG

Technology for maximum Grip

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6 © Continental AG

Recipe

E’’(ω)

log ω

Viscoelastic

Material

Properties

Tire

Manufacturing

Tire

Performance

Pathway: From Compound Recipe to Tire Performance

Laboratory

Performance

Performance

Simulation

Public


7 © Continental AG

Pathway: From Compound Recipe to Tire Performance

Recipe

E’’(ω)

log ω

Viscoelastic

Material

Properties

Performance

Simulation

Laboratory

Performance

Tire

Manufacturing

Tire

Performance

Public

SportContact 6

Dry Handling

Wet performance

Hydroplaning Rolling resistance

Wear Resistance

26/08/15

8 © Continental AG

(Schematic diagram)

What makes UHP Compounds special?

› Excellent dry grip

› No compromises in safety

› Temperature resistance (race track)

› Rolling resistance and wear of

less important but marketable Standard Summer

Compound

UHP Compound

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9 © Continental AG

Flexing Zone

Rigid Zone

Load Zone

Grip Zone Grip Zone

Tread, cap & pattern

Load Zone

Base, capply, belt, contour

Flexing Zone

Sidewall, ply, innerliner

Rigid Zone

Rimstrip, apex, bead

Where Grip is optimized

Public


10 © Continental AG

Flexing Zone

Rigid Zone

Load Zone

Grip Zone Grip Zone

Tread, cap & pattern

Load Zone

Base, capply, belt, contour

Flexing Zone

Sidewall, ply, innerliner

Rigid Zone

Rimstrip, apex, bead

Where Grip is optimized – Grip Zone

Public

SportContact 6

Technology

› Flat contour

› Low undertread gauge

› Rigid pattern

› Low void volume

› Low tread depth

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SportContact 6

Standard summer tire

Setting the

boundaries for

compound

development

Where Grip is optimized – Grip Zone Boundary conditions for compound development

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UHP Compound Development Development criteria for an UHP compound

› Adhesion

› Temperature stability

› Stiffness

› Grip

Temperature

Sti

ffn

ess (

E‘)

Tg

operation

temperature

Hyte

resis

(E

‘‘)

Temperature

Tg

operation

temperature

Strain (%)

Str

ess (

%)

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Good adhesion

58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74x

Bad adhesion

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Good adhesion

58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74x

Bad adhesion

good adhesion

bad adhesion

Chemical composition Net contact area

UHP Compound Development Development criteria for an UHP compound

› Adhesion is determined by

Public

SportContact 6

UHP Compound Development Main components of an UHP compound

Rapeseed oil

Synthetic rubber

Natural rubber

Carbon black

Butadiene rubber

Sulfur

Ozone protecting wax Anti-ageing agent

Zinc oxide

Stearic acid

Silica

Accelerator

Activator

Resins

MES oil

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© Continental AG 15

Public

SportContact 6


Synthetic rubber

Natural rubber Carbon black

Resins Silica

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SportContact 6

Physical Bonding Chemical Bonding

Carbon black aggregate Silica Silane coupler Polymer Polymer

Carbon black aggregate Silica


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SportContact 6

Tread compound ingredients

Silica

› flexible

› high damping

› temperature resistant

› stiff

› high damping

› temperature resistant

Fillers


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Carbon black

Public

SportContact 6

Temperature

Sti

ffn

ess

(E

‘)

Tg

Carbon

Black

Silica

Hyste

resis

(E

‘‘)

Carbon

Black

Silica

Temperature


Silica

Fillers


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Carbon black

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SportContact 6


› stiff

› high damping

› low adhesion

› flexible

› low damping

› good adhesion

› high strength

Polymers


26/08/15


Synthetic rubber

(SSBR)

Natural rubber

Public

SportContact 6

NR NR

Temperature

Sti

ffn

ess

(E

‘)

Tg

SSBR

NR

Hyste

resis

(E

‘‘)

Temperature

SSBR

NR Tg


Polymers


26/08/15


Synthetic rubber

(SSBR)

Natural rubber

Public

SportContact 6


Resins


26/08/15


as higher the content

› as lower the stiffness

› as higher the damping

Resins

Public

SportContact 6

Temperature

Sti

ffn

ess

(E

‘)

Tg more resin

Hyste

resis

(E

‘‘)

Temperature

Tg

more resin

more resin


Resins


26/08/15


Resins

Public

SportContact 6

Temperature

Sti

ffn

ess

(E

‘)

7°C

Compound – Boundary conditions

› sufficient flexibility at > 7°C


26/08/15


Public

SportContact 6

7°C



› right stiffness level

(matching pattern)

Temperature

Sti

ffn

ess

(E

‘)


26/08/15


Public

SportContact 6

7°C

Hyste

resis

(E

‘‘)

Grip to low

Rolling resistance

to high



› right stiffness level

(matching pattern)

› best possible damping at

acceptable rolling resistance

Temperature

Sti

ffn

ess (

E‘)

Temperature


26/08/15


Public

SportContact 6

Natural Rubber

7°C

Hyste

resis

(E

‘‘)

:

:

Your task: Virtual compounding of an UHP compound

Carbon Black

Silica

Synthetic

rubber

(SSBR)

Resins Temperature

Sti

ffn

ess

(E

‘)

Temperature


26/08/15


Public



Virtual UHP Compound Development

Compound recipe

50% NR

50% SSBR

Polymers

Fillers

50% CB

50% Silica

Resins

0% Resins

1

10

100

1000

10000

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

Stif

fnes

s E

'

Temperature [°C]

1

10

100

1000

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 H

yste

resi

s E

''

Temperature [°C]

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UHP Compound Development The SportContact 6 compound

Polymer

100%

Our recipe Your recipe ?

Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SSBR)

Natural Rubber

› Optimum stiffness and grip, adhesion

ca. 80%

ca. 20%

Fillers

100%

Silica

Carbon Black

› Optimum Stiffnes, grip and temperatur stability

ca. 80%

ca. 20%

Grip

Resins › Optimum dry grip ca. 10%

… and the litte rest keeps our secret.

Public

SportContact 6

Agenda

30




26/08/15

© Continental AG



(24,4 x 7,6 cm)



Perfect GRIP: Virtual Compounding

of SportContact 6 Compound




Public

SportContact 6

Agenda

32




26/08/15

© Continental AG



(24,4 x 7,6 cm)


Perfect GRIP: Rubber – Road Interaction





Public



Your task: Virtual Compounding of an UHP Compound

Public



Tread

Block

Road

What is Grip?

› Grip

is needed to transfer forces from the car

to the road in the contact patch

› Grip Mechanisms

are different on different surfaces

Dry Wet

Public



Overview of Rubber-Road Friction Mechanisms

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Leonardo da Vinci

*1452 – 1519

Ffr

Fx=m2 g

v=const

FN=m1 g

Simplest Friction Measurements

› Coefficient of friction µ is a measure of grip

Fx

FN

m2

m1

μ

Ffr

FN v=const

Public

SportContact 6

Friction Coefficient µ of Different Road Conditions Relative Contribution of Friction Mechanisms

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µ-s

ha

re

Hysteresis

Adhesion

Hysteresis

Adhesion

Viscous

Dry Wet

Fri

cti

on

Co

eff

icie

nt

µ

Dry Wet

Hydro-

planing

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Wet

Dry

Public

SportContact 6

It takes Two for Friction Rubber & Road

26 August 2015


Road

Rubber Tread block sliding velocity v

› Forces are transmitted in the area of rubber-road contact

› Maximum contact area for maximum grip

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SportContact 6

Variety of Roads Different Surface Characteristics

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› Highway

› Race Track

› City › Country Road

Variety of textures depending on

› Region

› Application

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SportContact 6

Diversity of Track Surfaces Characterization of Track Roughness

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3D Surface Texture Scan

130 mm

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SportContact 6

Diversity of Track Surfaces Typical Pavement Textures

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Worn/ Rough Asphalt New/ Smooth Asphalt New/ Smooth Concrete Worn/ Rough Concrete

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SportContact 6

Impact of Road Wear on Surface Properties Polishing Behavior of Asphalt Track

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0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

µA

BS

–w

et [.

]

Number of wet-brakings

C3.3 µ-SRTT

µ-SRTT Fit, 20130617

› Track wear in tire-road

contact leads to drop of

road‘s wet skid

resistance

› Micro-polishing of stone

asperities changes

track‘s roughness

characteristics

Contidrom wet-braking asphalt test track

Data

Fit: x

wet ex

0)(

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Public

SportContact 6

Introduction to Hysteresis Friction

26/08/15


Sliding on Rough Surface

Periodic loading of

Rubber

Energy Dissipation

› Roughness λ leads to periodic load

of frequency ω=2πv/λ

› Resulting energy loss (and friction) is determined by the material loss modulus

Material Property Surface Property

v⃗

E

› Rubber sliding with velocity v

on rough surface with a single

length scale λ

Public

SportContact 6

Hysteresis Friction via Rubber Deformation Rubber Sliding on a Rough Track

26/08/15


Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation of rubber road contact and friction

Public

SportContact 6 26.08.2015

© Continental 47

SportContact 6 – Solution Concept Engineering Rubber Properties for Ultimate Precision and Grip

Stiff at block bending strain

› Responsive & precise

Micro-flexible at road deformation

› Increased contact area

› Enhanced deformation & energy dissipation

Engineered Compound Stiffness

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0.1 1.0 10.0

Ru

bb

er

Sti

ffn

es

s, E

’ [M

Pa

]

Dynamical Strain Amplitude [%]

Pattern Stiffness

Reference

Black Chili

be

tte

r

be

tte

r

Contact Area

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SportContact 6

SportContact 6 – Solution Concept Enhanced Micro Flexibility: Engineered Rubber Stiffness

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0 10 5 mm

Standard Compound Black Chili Compound

› BlackChili compound with enhanced micro-flexibility

› Maximum rubber deformation for increased hysteresis

› In addition, maximum contact area for increased

adhesion

Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation of

rubber road contact and friction

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Public

SportContact 6

Tread Rubber

Pendulum Steel Ball

Example for Adhesive Sticking

26/08/15


Non-Adhesive Tread Compound Highly-Adhesive Tread Compound

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© Continental 52

Model for Adhesive Rubber Friction Velocity Dependence Shear stress in the contact interface

Atomic

Force

Shear Force in One Chain Number of Sticking Chains

FA FA FA

log vslide

Shear Stress in the Contact Interface

Public

SportContact 6

Atomic

Force

26.08.2015

© Continental 53

SportContact 6 – Solution Concept Maximum Grip – Adhesion Shear stress in the contact interface

FA FA FA

Shear force in one chain Number of

sticking chains

log v

Black Chili

› Ensures maximum number of molecular rubber-road interactions at the interface

› Tunes the velocity dependence according to sporty driving applications

› Adjusts Tg to sporty driving application needs

Black Chili Compound features a

special polymer blend:

Atomic Force Compatibilizer

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Public

SportContact 6

Thank You very much for Your Attention!

26/08/15


Continental SportContact 6 Workshop: Technologies for … · Bitte decken Sie die schraffierte...

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Transcript of Continental SportContact 6 Workshop: Technologies for … · Bitte decken Sie die schraffierte...