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Energy

CSP Technologie, Potentiale und Perspektiven fr Tunesien und die MENA Region

Louy QoaiderContributions of P. Heller, C. Richter, K. Hennecke, M. Eck, F. Trieb, R. Pitz-Paal

Deutsches Zentrum fr Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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1. Concentration via parabolic mirrors produces heat on a receiver (400 1000 C),

2. High temperature heat can be converted to power in conventional power cycles, including optional thermal storage or hybridization with other fuels

3. or can be used directly for other thermal processes (cooling, industry, chemistry)

Basic operating principle of Concentrating Solar Systems

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Concentrating solar technologies: basic layout schemes

Solar Receiver

Heliostats

Absorber Tube

Pipe with thermal fluid

Curved mirror

Receiver / Engine

Reflector

Central Receiver

Parabolic Trough

Dish/Engine

Linear Fresnel

Absorber tube andreconcentrator

Curvedmirror

Solar Receiver

Heliostats

Solar Receiver

Heliostats

Absorber Tube

Pipe with thermal fluid

Curved mirror

Receiver / Engine

Reflector

Receiver / Engine

Reflector

Central Receiver

Parabolic Trough

Dish/Engine

Linear Fresnel

Absorber tube andreconcentrator

Curvedmirror

Linear Concentration

C: 100, T: ~ 500 C

Point Concentration

C: 1000+, T: ~ 1000 C

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Concentrating solar technologies: basic layout schemes

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Concentrating Solar PowerStatus of commercial technology

Parabolic Trough HTF: Thermal Oil Mature and commercially proven technologyCompeting products with similar dimensionsPlant sizes: 14 80 MWe

Power TowerWater/steam: First commercial systems (10/20 MWe) Molten salt: Commercial system under development (17 MWe)Air: Pre-commercial pilot plant under construction (1,5 MWe)

Linear FresnelPrototype systems with significant industrial engagement

Dish Systems: new product developments, large projects announced

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Projects in Spain: Plant layout Andasol

Turbina de vapor

Condensador

Precalentadorde presin baja

Sobrecalentador

Precalentadorsolar

Recalentadorsolar

Generador de vapor

Tanque de expansin

Campo Solar

Caldera

Combustibe

(Opcional)

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2 storage tanks:2 storage tanks:

= 36 m= 36 m

h = 14 mh = 14 m

28.500 tm28.500 tmmolten saltmolten salt

7,5 h storage 7,5 h storage

Current CSP projects: Andasol 1 plant50 MW capacity, 7,5 h storage (Solar Millennium, ACS)2 km Area. Granada, Spain.

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Solar Tower PS20 (Spain, Abengoa)

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95

96

97

98

99

100

Ava

ilabi

lity

- %

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

III IV V VI VII

The SEGS Experience in California

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Effic

ienc

y [%

]

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Dire

ct N

orm

al R

adia

tiom

[W/m

]

05:00 07:00 09:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00

Solar to Electric Efficiency (gross)

Direct Normal Radiation

Thermal SolarField Efficiency-

Solar Efficiencies Measured at SEGS VIon July 1997 by KJC Operating Company

High availabilityHigh solar efficiency

Aerial View of SEGS Plants

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Introduction of CSP in North Africa: Status

Algeria: 150 MW Combined Cycle under constructionEgypt: 140 MW Combined Cycle under constructionMarokko: 470 MW Combined Cycle under constructionCSP Power Plants planned in Jordan und LybiaFeed-In tarifs for Renewables planned or already established

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Summary of Technical Parameters

20Capacity of Solar portion (MWe)

79Nameplate Capacity of gas turbine (MWe)

76.5Nameplate Capacity of steam turbine (MWe)

852Net electric energy (GWhe/a)

33Solar electric energy (GWhe/a)

4%Solar share(%)

8000Fuel saving due to the solar portion (T.O.E / a)

20000CO2 reduction (T / a)

Kuraymat 140 MW Solar thermal power plant

Source: NREA

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Status 140MW Combined Power Plant with a 20 MW Solar Plant Kuraymat, Egypt

Conventional Power Block: NREA contracts IBERDROLA Ingenera Construccin S.A.U.

(30.9.2007)

Solar Plant + 2 Jahr O&M: ORASCOM Construction Industries (Egypt) (Contract placed

21.10.2007)

Engineering and Supervision: Fichtner Solar GmbH (Contract placed 7.2.2008)

Start of Construction April 2008

Termination 2010

Source: NREA

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R&D for next steps: Solar Thermal Power Test Facilities Worldwide

PSI (CH)

Solar One (US)

WIS (IL)

CNRS (F)CRTF Sandia (US)

PSA (E)

ANU (AUS)WIS (IL)

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International RD&D collaboration: IEA SolarPACES IA

SolarPACES is a worldwide coalition of 12 member countries collaborating and sharing information on technology development and applications of concentrated solar energy

MEXICO

USA

SOUTH AFRICA

ISRAELEGYPT

SPAIN

SWITZERLANDGERMANY

FRANCE

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

AUSTRALIA

ALGERIA

AUSTRALIA

GERMANY

SOUTH AFRICAALGERI

AEGYPT

EUFRANC

E

ISRAELMEXICO SPAIN SWITZER-LAND

UNITED STATES

COREA

COREA

Interested: Greece, Austria, Italy, UAE, Namibia, Portugal

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T = 400C

p = 100 bar

l = 500 m (700 m)

Pth 1,5 MW

all operation modes are realizable

more than 8000 operation hours

Parabolic Troughs New Transfer fluids: Example: Direct Steam Generation, DISS Test Facility

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Parabolic Troughs DSG Achievements

potential of cost reduction determined to be 11-15% (compared to HTF)

feasibility proven at life size test-facility

development of absorber tubes for T = 500C

detailed engineering of first demonstration plant finished

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Solar TowersIncrease power block efficiency

Power block already fully developed

Increase operation temperature

Use appropriate working fluid

air

water/steam

molten salt

sodium

Change power cycle

G

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Maximum live steam parameter:

535C100 bar

Receiver heat transfer fluid:Molten nitrate salt

Backup Options:

Thermal storage is an integral part of the concept

Technology Status

10 MWe System demonstration at Solar 2 (USA)

Operated from1996 to 1999

17 MWe Solar Tres under development in Spain

Solar Towers: Molten salt receiver

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800 [C]

565

CStorage Tank

Cold SaltStorage Tank

Hot Salt

ConventionalEPGS

Steam Generator

o C565290 o C

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Maximum live steam parameter:

565C110 bar

Receiver heat transfer fluid:Air (1 bar)

Backup Options:

Thermal storage filled with ceramics

Duct burner

Technology Status

3 MWth air loop demonstration at Plataforma Solar de Almeria

1,5 MWe pilot power plant Jlich, Germany

750

C

Solar Tower: Atmospheric air receiver

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800 [C]

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Rankine = 16 % (annual)

Rankine = 16 % (annual)

CC = 25 % (annual)

Solar TowersSolar-hybrid gas turbine systems (SGT)

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0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

PS-10 Trough(HTF)

Trough(DSG)

Tower(Salt)

Tower(Na/Sn)

Tower(Air/CC)

Tem

pera

ture

[C

]

Parabolic Troughs & Solar Towers Summary

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R&D concentrates on cost reduction of CSP systems

One promising option is to increase operation temperature

For trough systems 500C are realistic in the mid term

For solar towers 1000C have been demonstrated

SGT system has highest solar to electricity efficiency

A standard technology is not likely for the future

R&D tasks

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Mirror ShapeContour accuracy of concentrator

PhotogrammetryDeflectometryField tests (flux around

Performance Measurement (DLR)

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Thermal Energy Storage Activities at DLRSolid/liquid TES from 100 to 1000 C

Various sensible TES conceptsdirected towards process heat and power generation

oil / concrete molten salt air / solidspacked bed/fluidized bed

Salt storagetank

Distributionring header

Immersionheater (4)

Foundation

Saltpump

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Roadmap for CSP Plants(installed Power)

Potential of CSP in Europe: installed capacity and annual energy production

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

2012 2020 20300

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

TWh/

a

60 GW / 170 TWh

30 GW / 85 TWh

4 GW / 11 TWh

GW

inst

alle

d Spain Portugal Italy Greece Cyprus+Malta

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Expected LEC development

PV Feed-In Spain

Wind Feed-In Spain

CSP good solar site

Baseload C