CSP Technologie, Potentiale und Perspektiven für...

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1 Energy CSP Technologie, Potentiale und Perspektiven für Tunesien und die MENA Region Louy Qoaider Contributions of P. Heller, C. Richter, K. Hennecke, M. Eck, F. Trieb, R. Pitz-Paal Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

Transcript of CSP Technologie, Potentiale und Perspektiven für...

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Energy

CSP Technologie, Potentiale und Perspektiven für Tunesien und die MENA Region

Louy QoaiderContributions of P. Heller, C. Richter, K. Hennecke, M. Eck, F. Trieb, R. Pitz-Paal

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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1. Concentration via parabolic mirrors produces heat on a receiver (400 – 1000° C),

2. High temperature heat can be converted to power in conventional power cycles, including optional thermal storage or hybridization with other fuels

3. or can be used directly for other thermal processes (cooling, industry, chemistry)

Basic operating principle of Concentrating Solar Systems

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Concentrating solar technologies: basic layout schemes

Solar Receiver

Heliostats

Absorber Tube

Pipe with thermal fluid

Curved mirror

Receiver / Engine

Reflector

Central Receiver

Parabolic Trough

Dish/Engine

Linear Fresnel

Absorber tube andreconcentrator

Curvedmirror

Solar Receiver

Heliostats

Solar Receiver

Heliostats

Absorber Tube

Pipe with thermal fluid

Curved mirror

Receiver / Engine

Reflector

Receiver / Engine

Reflector

Central Receiver

Parabolic Trough

Dish/Engine

Linear Fresnel

Absorber tube andreconcentrator

Curvedmirror

Linear Concentration

C: 100, T: ~ 500° C

Point Concentration

C: 1000+, T: ~ 1000° C

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Concentrating solar technologies: basic layout schemes

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Concentrating Solar PowerStatus of commercial technology

Parabolic Trough HTF: Thermal Oil Mature and commercially proven technologyCompeting products with similar dimensionsPlant sizes: 14 – 80 MWe

Power TowerWater/steam: First commercial systems (10/20 MWe) Molten salt: Commercial system under development (17 MWe)Air: Pre-commercial pilot plant under construction (1,5 MWe)

Linear FresnelPrototype systems with significant industrial engagement

Dish Systems: new product developments, large projects announced

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Projects in Spain: Plant layout Andasol

Turbina de vapor

Condensador

Precalentadorde presión baja

Sobrecalentador

Precalentadorsolar

Recalentadorsolar

Generador de vapor

Tanque de expansión

Campo Solar

Caldera

Combustibe

(Opcional)

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2 storage tanks:2 storage tanks:

ØØ = 36 m= 36 m

h = 14 mh = 14 m

28.500 tm28.500 tmmolten saltmolten salt

7,5 h storage 7,5 h storage

Current CSP projects: Andasol 1 plant50 MW capacity, 7,5 h storage (Solar Millennium, ACS)2 km² Area. Granada, Spain.

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Solar Tower PS20 (Spain, Abengoa)

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95

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Ava

ilabi

lity

- %

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

III IV V VI VII

The SEGS Experience in California

0%

10%

20%

30%

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60%

70%

Effic

ienc

y [%

]

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Dire

ct N

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adia

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²]

05:00 07:00 09:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00

Solar to Electric Efficiency (gross)

Direct Normal Radiation

Thermal SolarField Efficiency-

Solar Efficiencies Measured at SEGS VIon July 1997 by KJC Operating Company

High availabilityHigh solar efficiency

Aerial View of SEGS Plants

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Introduction of CSP in North Africa: Status

Algeria: 150 MW Combined Cycle under constructionEgypt: 140 MW Combined Cycle under constructionMarokko: 470 MW Combined Cycle under constructionCSP Power Plants planned in Jordan und LybiaFeed-In tarifs for Renewables planned or already established

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Summary of Technical Parameters

20Capacity of Solar portion (MWe)

79Nameplate Capacity of gas turbine (MWe)

76.5Nameplate Capacity of steam turbine (MWe)

852Net electric energy (GWhe/a)

33Solar electric energy (GWhe/a)

4%Solar share(%)

8000Fuel saving due to the solar portion (T.O.E / a)

20000CO2 reduction (T / a)

Kuraymat 140 MW Solar thermal power plant

Source: NREA

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Status 140MW Combined Power Plant with a 20 MW Solar Plant Kuraymat, Egypt

Conventional Power Block: NREA contracts IBERDROLA Ingenería Construcciòn S.A.U.

(30.9.2007)

Solar Plant + 2 Jahr O&M: ORASCOM Construction Industries (Egypt) (Contract placed

21.10.2007)

Engineering and Supervision: Fichtner Solar GmbH (Contract placed 7.2.2008)

Start of Construction April 2008

Termination 2010

Source: NREA

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R&D for next steps: Solar Thermal Power Test Facilities Worldwide

PSI (CH)

Solar One (US)

WIS (IL)

CNRS (F)CRTF Sandia (US)

PSA (E)

ANU (AUS)WIS (IL)

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International RD&D collaboration: IEA SolarPACES IA

SolarPACES is a worldwide coalition of 12 member countries collaborating and sharing information on technology development and applications of concentrated solar energy

MEXICO

USA

SOUTH AFRICA

ISRAELEGYPT

SPAIN

SWITZERLANDGERMANY

FRANCE

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

AUSTRALIA

ALGERIA

AUSTRALIA

GERMANY

SOUTH AFRICAALGERI

AEGYPT

EUFRANC

E

ISRAELMEXICO SPAIN SWITZER-LAND

UNITED STATES

COREA

COREA

Interested: Greece, Austria, Italy, UAE, Namibia, Portugal

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• T = 400°C

• p = 100 bar

• l = 500 m (700 m)

• Pth ≈ 1,5 MW

• all operation modes are realizable

• more than 8000 operation hours

Parabolic Troughs – New Transfer fluids: Example: Direct Steam Generation, DISS Test Facility

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Parabolic Troughs – DSG Achievements

▪ potential of cost reduction determined to be 11-15% (compared to HTF)

▪ feasibility proven at life size test-facility

▪ development of absorber tubes for T = 500°C

▪ detailed engineering of first demonstration plant finished

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Solar TowersIncrease power block efficiency

▪ Power block already fully developed

▪ Increase operation temperature

▪ Use appropriate working fluid

▪ air

▪ water/steam

▪ molten salt

▪ sodium

▪ …

▪ Change power cycle

G

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Maximum live steam parameter:

535°C100 bar

Receiver heat transfer fluid:Molten nitrate salt

Backup Options:

Thermal storage is an integral part of the concept

Technology Status

10 MWe System demonstration at Solar 2 (USA)

Operated from1996 to 1999

17 MWe Solar Tres under development in Spain

Solar Towers: Molten salt receiver

0

100

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400

500

600

700

800 [°C]

565°

CStorage Tank

Cold SaltStorage Tank

Hot Salt

ConventionalEPGS

Steam Generator

o C565290 o C

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Maximum live steam parameter:

565°C110 bar

Receiver heat transfer fluid:Air (1 bar)

Backup Options:

Thermal storage filled with ceramics

Duct burner

Technology Status

3 MWth air loop demonstration at Plataforma Solar de Almeria

1,5 MWe pilot power plant Jülich, Germany

750°

C

Solar Tower: Atmospheric air receiver

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600

700

800 [°C]

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Rankineη = 16 % (annual)

Rankineη = 16 % (annual)

CCη = 25 % (annual)

Solar TowersSolar-hybrid gas turbine systems (SGT)

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0

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PS-10 Trough(HTF)

Trough(DSG)

Tower(Salt)

Tower(Na/Sn)

Tower(Air/CC)

Tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

Parabolic Troughs & Solar Towers Summary

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▪ R&D concentrates on cost reduction of CSP systems

▪ One promising option is to increase operation temperature

▪ For trough systems 500°C are realistic in the mid term

▪ For solar towers 1000°C have been demonstrated

▪ SGT system has highest solar to electricity efficiency

▪ A standard technology is not likely for the future

R&D tasks

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Mirror ShapeContour accuracy of concentrator

PhotogrammetryDeflectometryField tests (flux around

Performance Measurement (DLR)

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Thermal Energy Storage Activities at DLRSolid/liquid TES from 100 to 1000 °C

Various sensible TES conceptsdirected towards process heat and power generation

• oil / concrete• molten salt• air / solids–packed bed/fluidized bed

Salt storagetank

Distributionring header

Immersionheater (4)

Foundation

Saltpump

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Roadmap for CSP Plants(installed Power)

Potential of CSP in Europe: installed capacity and annual energy production

0

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2012 2020 20300

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TWh/

a

60 GW / 170 TWh

30 GW / 85 TWh

4 GW / 11 TWh

GW

inst

alle

d Spain Portugal Italy Greece Cyprus+Malta

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Expected LEC development

PV Feed-In Spain

Wind Feed-In Spain

CSP good solar site

Baseload Coal Plants

Midload

CSP high solar site

0

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10

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30

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2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2054

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Future CSP Potential through HVDC-Supergrids enormous

Wind Power

Geothermal

Hydropower

Biomass

Solar Power

Conventional

Wind Power

Geothermal

Hydropower

Biomass

Solar Power

Conventional

HVDC: High Voltage Direct Current Transmission

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enerMENATowards a sustainable implementation of solar thermal power in

the MENA Region

Fund of the German Foreign Ministry

Duration 2.5 years

Linked to existing programms in MENA region (GTZ, CIM, KfW, InWent, etc.)

Coordinator: DLR

Frameworks of DESERTEC Concept and Mediterranean Solar Plan

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Objectives of enerMENA

Capacity Building and Optimization

Technological cooperation and targeted support

Support the development of local technical capacities

Education, workshops, transfer of technology and practical training

Sustainable implementation of CSP, acceleration through multiplier effect

Long – term dissemination of gained Know-how and Long term support for established local staffs.Create a network of high precise meteorological stations in MENA region.

Partner countries: Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco and Jordan

Transfer of Expert Knowledge

Foster local capacities for project planning and development

Dissemination of CSP technology and Support

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Module 1

Module 3Module 2

Capacity Building and Optimization

Disseminationand Support

Transfer of ExpertKnowledge

Research OrganizationsEPC ContractorsO&M companies

Academics in NetworksUniversities,High SchoolsVocational Training Centers

Project Developers,Utilities,Decision Makers,Research Organizations.

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Module 1 Capacity Building

eM-CB01

4-week intensive course at PSA, Spain

eM-CB02

Joint measurement campaign at CSP site

Upgrade Optical Efficiency

eM-CB03

Joint measurement campaign at CSP site

Upgrade Thermal Efficiency

Workshops: Discussion of Results

Q3 - 2010

Q1 - 2011

Q3 - 2011

Technical Staff for CSP Plant Quality Control

• Establish capable technical staffs to ensure the quality of CSP Plants. • Theoretical and practical modules for planning and efficiency improvement. • Long term cooperation and support.

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Hardware and Training

Mobile Laboratory

Mechanical and electronic devicesTools and equipment for

photogrammetry to qualify solar collectorsDevices to evaluate thermal

characteristics of a collector

Training

4-week course at PSAPossible candidates:

Foremen and engineers of construction sitesPersons playing a key role in the multiplication of know-how

Announcement on enerMENA web site

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Transfer of Expert Knowledge: Overview

Establish fundaments of Local Know-How

Provision of CSP teaching materials to support local institutions, Workshops for professors and teachers.

Cooperation with:

Higher education institutes in partner countriesUni KasselSolar-Institut JülichGerman Academic Exchange Services DAAD

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Structural approach of CSP fundamentals and special knowledge

CSP

Grid Integration

Technologies

OpticalandThermo-Dynamical

Basics

IntroductionSolar

Radiation

Economics

Site Criteria/Site

assessment

Social, Economical

and Legal Con-siderations

Maintenanceand Operation

CSP Plantsworldwide: successive

update

technicaleconomical

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Dissemination and Support

Development of project planning methodology Precise determination of local solar resourceNetwork of eight precision meteorological stations to provide data with highest reliability to support RSP and satellite dataEstablishing of local contact pointsLocal contact points long term support by DLR expertsEstablishing of project office in Germany for the long term support

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Slide 36 www.dlr.de/unisolar

Precise determination of local solar resource

Network of high-precision meteorological stationsfor solar resource assessmentEight high precise measurement of beam, global and diffuse irradiance Accuracy between 1 and 2%Measurement of relative humidity, air temperature and barometric pressureMeasurement of wind speed and direction at 10m heightAutomatic Data Retrieval (via GSM) and Processing

Maintenance personnel for regular (daily) cleaning and 230V~ power supply required

establish a reliable meteorological database for MENASupport network of Rotating Shadowband Pyranometer (RSP) and satellite data

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German Know-How for the CSP markets

Company/Institute Name (Webpage)Sector

Solar Millennium (www.solarmillennium.de)Man Solar Millennium (www.man-solarmillennium.com)

Solar Power Group (www.spg-gmbh.com)Novatec-Biosol (www.novatec-biosol.de)Kraftanlagen München (www.ka-muenchen.de)

Plants

Schott Solar (www.schott.com)Flabeg (www.flabeg.com)Senior Berghöfer (www.senior-berghöfer.de)Züblin (www.zueblin.de)

Components

DLR (www.dlr.de)Solar Institut Jülich (www.fh-aachen.de/solar-institut.html)FhG-ISE (www.ise.fraunhofer.de)Schlaich Bergermann Partner (www.sbp.de)Fichtner Solar (www.fichtner.de)CSP Services (www.cspservices.de)

R&D

Engineering

Services

More Info: www.renewables-made-in-germany.com

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Thank you for your [email protected]