Daniel Bodemer & Rolf Plötzner

Institut für WissensmedienKnowledge Media Research Center

Encouraging the Active Integration of Information During Learning with Multiple and Interactive Representations

Daniel Bodemer & Rolf Plötzner

Knowledge Media Research CenterTübingen, Germany


• Potentials, requirements and problems of learning with multiple and interactive representations

• Facilitating learning• by reducing extraneous and encouraging

germane cognitive load• with multiple representations• with dynamic and interactive representations

• An experimental study

Overview


Learning with Multiple and Interactive Representations

• Potentials

• Requirements

• Problems






Overview


Cognitive Load Theory

• Three sources of cognitive load1. Intrinsic cognitive load2. Extraneous cognitive load3. Germane cognitive load

• Decrease of extraneous load

• Increase of germane load


Structured Testing of Hypotheses

1. Consider a certain initial situation2. Consider a certain modification of the

initial situation3. Formulate a hypothesis about the

effects of the modification4. Carry out the modification5. Observe the consequences of the

modification6. Evaluate and – possibly – reformulate

the hypothesis






Overview


Research Questions• Can learning with multiple representations be improved when

• learners actively relate different representations to each other (increase of germane load) and

• produce step by step an integration of these representations (decrease of extraneous load)?

• Can learning with interactive representations be improved when• learners test hypotheses in a structured and reflective way

(increase of germane load) and• are provided with informative examples of data and their

attention is guided to specific aspects of the representations (decrease of extraneous load)?


Design

Structuring of interactions

Integration of information

Free exploration

Structured testing of hypotheses

Separated information

Integrated information

Actively integrated information

14students

14students

14students

14students

14students

14students


Procedure

1. Reactivation of pre-knowledge2. Pre-test3. Introduction to the visualizations4. Relating different representations5. Interacting with the visualizations6. Post-test


Results (all questions)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Separated Integrated Activelyintegrated

Cor

rect

ans

wer

s ab

ove

chan

ce le

vel

Free exploration

Structured testing ofhypotheses


Discussion

• Mental coordination and integration of multiple and interactive representations has to be facilitated

• Comprehension can be improved• by reducing extraneous cognitive load and by increasing

germane cognitive load• by encouraging learners to integrate different

representations interactively• by encouraging learners to test hypotheses in a

structured, and reflective way• Difficulty of support measures: additional extraneous load


Thank you very much foryour attention!

www.iwm-kmrc.de

Daniel Bodemer & Rolf Plötzner

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