Deutsche Zusammenfassung Economic Freedom 2013

8/22/2019 Deutsche Zusammenfassung Economic Freedom 2013

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Jldedbhl Grjjmdbdg tfj Sdrim

01>< Neeuni Pjpdrt

Onbjs CwnrtejyPd`jrt InwsdeOdsfun Fnii

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Bdst Grjj

0em ^unrthij


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Jldedbhl Grjjmdbdg tfj Sdrim

01>< Neeuni Pjpdrt

Onbjs Cwnrtejy Pd`jrt Inwsde Odsfun FniiGidrhmn \tntj Zehvjrshty \dutfjre Bjtfdmhst Zehvjrshty Sjst Whrchehn Zehvjrshty

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Nihlj B. Lrhsp @dmd Kedii Fnes Qhtihk Bnrthe PdmjGidrhmn \tntj Zehvjrshty Zehvjrshty dg Fdfjefjhb Nustrhne Hesthtutj Zehvjrshty dg Envnrrn

dg Jldedbhl Pjsjnrlf

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Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01>< J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb

Ldpyrhcf 01>< y fj Grnsjr Heshuj. Nii rhcfs rjsjrvjm. Ed pnr d fhs ddk bny j rjprdmuljm heney bneejr wfnsdjvjr whfdu wrhtje pjrbhsshde jxljp he fj lnsj d rhj qudnhdes jb`dmhjm helrhhlni nrhlijs nem rjvhjws.

]j nufdrs d fhs `ddk fnvj wdrkjm hemjpjemjeiy nem dphehdes jxprjssjm y fjb nrj, fjrjdrj, fjhrdwe nem md ed ejljssnrhiy rjgjl fj dphehdes d fj suppdrjrs, rusjjs, dr sn d fj Grnsjr Heshuj.]hs puìhlnhde he ed wny hbpihjs fn fj Grnsjr Heshuj, hs rusjjs, dr sn nrj he nvdr d, dr dppdsj

fj pnssncj d, ney hii; dr fn fjy suppdr dr dppdsj ney pnrhluinr pdihhlni pnry dr lnemhmnj.

Quìhsfjm he lddpjrnhde whf fj Jldedbhl Grjjmdb EjwdrkLdvjr mjshce `y @hii nyQrhejm nem duem he Lnenmn

Mntn nvnhinìj td rjsjnrlfjrs

]j uii mnn sj, heliumhec nii d fj mnn puìhsfjm he fhs rjpdr ns wjii ns mnn dbhtjm muj d ihbhjmspnlj, lne j mdweidnmjm dr rjj n 9fttp?//www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb5 . ]j mnn ij nvnhinìj fjrj ldenhesfj bds up-d-mnj nem nllurnj mnn dr fj Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d fj Sdrim hemjx. \dbj vnrhnìjenbjs nem mnn sdurljs fnvj jvdivjm dvjr fj yjnrs shelj fj rs puìhlnhde he >887; usjrs sfduimldesui jnrihjr jmhhdes dJldedbhl Grjjmdb d fj Sdrim dr mjnhis rjcnrmhec sdurljs nem mjslrhphdes

dr fdsj yjnrs. Nii jmhhdes d fj rjpdr nrj nvnhinìj he QMG nem lne j mdweidnmjm dr rjj rdb9fttp?//www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb5 . Fdwjvjr, usjrs nrj niwnys srdeciy jeldurncjm d usj fj mnn rdb fhsbds rjlje mnn ij ns upmnjs nem ldrrjlhdes, jvje d jnrihjr yjnrs mnn, md dllur. Zsjrs mdhec idec-jrb dr idechumheni sumhjs nrj jeldurncjm d usj fj lfnhe-ihekjm hemjx ns h hs fj bds ldeshsjefrducf hbj. H ydu fnvj mhluiy mdweidnmhec fj mnn, pijnsj ldenl Grjm BlBnfde vhn j-bnhid 9rjjtfjwdrimArnsjrhesthtutj.drc 5. H ydu fnvj jlfehlni qujshdes n`du fj mnn hsji, pijnsj ldenl

Odsfun Fnii 9odsfun.l.fniiAcbnhi.ldb5 dr d`jr Inwsde 9rd`jrt.n.inwsdeAcbnhi.ldb 5.

Qijnsj lhj fj mnn he ydur hìhdcrnpfy ns?Nufdrs? Onbjs Cwnrejy, d`jr Inwsde, nem Odsfun Fniihij? 01>< Jldedbhl Grjjmdb Mnnsj, puìhsfjm he Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d fj Sdrim? 01>< Neeuni PjpdrQuìhsfjr? Grnsjr Heshuj

Xjnr? 01>< Neeuni PjpdrQuìhsfjr? Grnsjr HeshujMnj d puìhlnhde? 01>88301>< hssuj y Onbjs Cwnrejy, d`jr Inwsde, nem Odsfun Fnii, whf Nihlj B. Lrhsp, @dmd Kedii, FnesQhihk, nem Bnrhe dmj.Hssujm nisd deihej.H\\E >=60-=3>V; H\@E 836-1-6683:-070-3 (01>< jmhhde).>. Jldedbhl fhsdry-->881- --Qjrhdmhlnis. 0. Jldedbhl hemhlndrs--Qjrhdmhlnis.H. Grnsjr Heshuj (Wnelduvjr, @.L.) HH. hij

Qrdmulhde y LDBMDK Cb`F, @jrihe.Quìhsfjm y ]j Ih`jrni Heshuj d fj Grhjmrhlf-Enubnee-\huec r mhj Grjhfjh,rubne Fdusj, Qdsmnb @n`jis`jrc.


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www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01> Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim he 01>> / >

Lfnptjr 0 Lduetry Mntn n`ijs / 0:

Lfnptjr < Hesthtuthdes nem Jldedbhl, Qdihthlni, nem Lhvhi Ih`jrty he Nghln / >38`y Nihlj B. Lrhsp nem Onbjs Cwnrejy

Lfnptjr = Jldedbhl Grjjmdb, Mjbdlrnly, nem Ihj \nthsnlthde / 0>:`y Bnrhe dmj, @dmd Kedii, nem Fnes Qhihk

Nppjemhx Jxpinentdry Edtjs nem Mntn \durljs / 0

]j Jldedbhl Grjjmdb Ejtwdrk / 0:0


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Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim? 01>< Neeuni Pjpdrt J v

www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01> \hzj d Cdvjrebje;

0 Ijcni \ysjb nem Qrdpjry hcfs;

< \duem Bdejy;

= Grjjmdb d rnmj Hejrenhdeniiy;

: jcuinhde.

\helj dur rs puìhlnhde he >887, eubjrdus sumhjs fnvj usjm fj mnn pu`-ihsfjm heJldedbhl Grjjmdb d fj Sdrim d jxnbhej fj hbpnl d jldedbhl rjj-mdb de hevjsbje, jldedbhl crdwf, heldbj ijvjis, nem pdvjry rnjs. Whruniiy

whfdu jxljphde, fjsj sumhjs fnvj duem fn lduerhjs whf heshuhdes nempdihlhjs bdrj ldeshsje whf jldedbhl rjjmdb fnvj fhcfjr hevjsbje rnjs,bdrj rnphm jldedbhl crdwf, fhcfjr heldbj ijvjis, nem n bdrj rnphm rjmulhdehe pdvjry rnjs.>

]j JGS hemjx edw ldvjrs >:0 lduerhjs nem jrrhdrhjs.0 Mnn nrj nvnhinìj drnpprdxhbnjiy >11 enhdes nem jrrhdrhjs `nlk d >861, nem bney `nlk d >831. Gdr n rjvhjw, sjj Fnii, Odsfun, nem d`jr Inwsde (01>1.>>>>/ldjp.>01>1/n`strnlt 5.

0 Fhsdrhlni mnn nrj prdvhmjm dr >:< enhdes he Lfnpjr 0? Lduery Mnn nìjs. Fdwjvjr, muj djvjes he \yrhn, mnn dr 01>> nrj qujshdenìj nem, fjrjdrj, fnvj ed `jje sfdwe he fj nìjs.Gdr fj snbj rjnsde, \yrhn hs ed heliumjm fhs yjnr nbdec fj >:0 lduerhjs rnekjm he fj hemjx.

< N ldbprjfjeshvj mnn sj hs nvnhinìj n 9www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb5.


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vh J Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim? 01>< Neeuni Pjpdrt


Jldedbhl rjjmdb rdb nrduem tfj wdrimNvjrncj lfnhe-ihekjm rnthec

]j nvjrncj lfnhe-ihekjm jldedbhl rjjmdb rnhec dr fj >10 lduerhjs whf rn-hecs shelj >861 fns helrjnsjm rdb :.861 d :.60 he >881 d 7.3= he 0111 nemeniiy d 7.63 he 01>>. Njr n cid`ni nvjrncj mrdp jwjje 0113 nem 0118, fj nvjr-ncj subbnry rnhec helrjnsjm bdmjsiy he `df 01>1 nem 01>>, fducf h rjbnhes

`jidw hs pjnk ijvji d 7.80 he 0113. ]j lfnhe-ihekjm hemjx hs usjm dr fhs ldbpnrh-sde jlnusj h hs bds npprdprhnj dr bjnsurjbje d lfnecjs nlrdss hbj.

Lduetrhjs heliumjm

]jrj nrj >:0 lduerhjs heliumjm he fhs yjnrs hemjx, up rdb >== ins yjnr. ]jejw lduerhjs nmmjm d fj hemjx (whf mnn dr `df 01>1 nem 01>>) nrj @ruejhMnrussninb, Lnpj Wjrmj, ]j Cnb`hn, Ij`nede, \urhenbj, \wnzhinem, nohkhsne,hbdr-Ijsj, nem Xjbje. @jlnusj d fj lhvhi wnr nem fj uerjihn`hihy d fj mnnshelj 01>>, fj rnhec dr \yrhn fns `jje jbpdrnrhiy suspjemjm, fducf fhsdrhlnimnn nrj heliumjm he Lfnpjr 0? Lduery Mnn n`ijs.

]dp-rntjm lduetrhjs

Fdec Kdec nem \hecnpdrj, delj ncnhe, dllupy fj dp wd pdshhdes. ]j dfjrenhdes he fj dp je nrj Ejw _jninem, \whzjrinem, Zehjm Nrn` Jbhrnjs,Bnurhhus, Gheinem, @nfrnhe, Lnenmn, nem Nusrnihn.

Dtfjr bnodr lduetrhjs

]j rnekhecs d sdbj dfjr bnodr lduerhjs nrj? Zehjm Khecmdb (>0tf), Zehjm\njs (>3tf), Cjrbney (>8tf), Onpne (>tf), nem Lfhen (>0, ldbpnrjm d $=,>Z\(QQQ) mdiinrs (Jxfh`h .).

] He fj dp qunrhij, fj nvjrncj heldbj d fj pddrjs >1% wns $>1,::7, ldbpnrjmd $8>Z\(QQQ) mdiinrs (Jxfh`h .). Hejrjsheciy,fj nvjrncj heldbj d fj pddrjs >1% he fj bds jldedbhlniiy rjj enhdes hsbdrj fne whlj fj dvjrnii nvjrncj heldbj he fj ijns rjj enhdes.

] Ihj jxpjlnely hs 38.0 yjnrs he enhdes he fj dp qunrhij ldbpnrjm d 71.0 yjnrshe fdsj he fj `dtdb qunrhij (Jxfh`h .).

] Qdihhlni nem lhvhi ih`jrhjs nrj ldeshmjrn`iy fhcfjr he jldedbhlniiy rjj enhdes fne

he uerjj enhdes (Jxfh`h .).


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Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim? 01>< Neeuni Pjpdrt J vhh

www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01>:0 lduerhjs nem jrrhd-rhjs he fj hemjx ns wjii ns dr \yrhn, fducf 01>> mnn nrj ed heliumjm dr fhs enhde.

Lfnptjr ? Hesthtuthdes nem Jldedbhl, Qdihthlni, nem Lhvhi Ih`jrty he NrhlnNihlj B. Lrhsp nem Onbjs Cwnrtejy

He fhs lfnpjr nkjs n lidsj iddk n fj jldedbhl, pdihhlni, nem lhvhi heshuhdes d07 Nrhlne lduerhjs. ]j jldedbhl, pdihhlni, nem lhvhi heshuhdes d n lduery nrjhejrrjinjm nem fjy wdrk ns n ldb`henhde d hegujelj fj dpjrnhde d ne jlde-dby. d n inrcj mjcrjj, rjsjnrlfjrs kedw fj ùemij d jldedbhl heshuhdes nempdihlhjs fn ijnm d jldedbhl crdwf nem prdspjrhy. @u, jldedbhl heshuhdesnrj ne ducrdwf d pdihhlni heshuhdes nem fj lfdhljs fn jbnenj rdb fjpdihhlni prdljss. \hbhinriy, lhvhi ih`jrhjs hegujelj fj puìhl mhsldursj nem fjrj`yfnvj ne hbpnl de `df jldedbhl nem pdihhlni mjlhshde-bnkhec. @jlnusj d fjsjhejrrjinhdesfhps, h hs hbpdrne d ldeshmjr heshuhdeni qunihy he nii d fjsjnrjns. Lfnpjr < prdvhmjs mjnhijm hedrbnhde de fj heshuhdeni srjecfs nem

wjnkejssjs d jnlf d fj 07 Nrhlne jldedbhjs.

Lfnptjr ? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb, Mjbdlrnly, nem Ihj \nthsnlthdeBnrthe Pdmj, @dmd Kedii, nem Fnes Qhtihk

]j rjsjnrlf prjsjejm he fhs lfnpjr hemhlnjs fn `df jldedbhl rjjmdb nem

pdihhlni mjbdlrnly jxjr ne hemjpjemje hbpnl de ihj snhsnlhde dvjr nem n`dvjfj hbpnl d pjr-lnphn heldbj ijvjis nem dfjr hemhlndrs d bnjrhni wjii-`jhec.]hs hs ruj jvje njr nllduehec dr fj hegujelj d bnrrhncj, `jihj he Cdm, rus,rjchdeni mhjrjeljs, nem dfjr vnrhnìjs fn prhdr rjsjnrlf fns hmjehjm ns hbpdr-ne mjjrbhenes d ihj snhsnlhde. Bdrjdvjr, fj hbpnl d jldedbhl rjjmdbnem mjbdlrnly de ihj snhsnlhde hs quhj su`snehni, pnrhluinriy wfje `df fjmhrjl nem hemhrjl jjls frducf fhcfjr heldbj ijvjis nem idwjr rnjs d uejb-pidybje nrj nkje hed nlldue.


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vhhh J Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim? 01>< Neeuni Pjpdrt


Mntn nvnhinìj td rjsjnrlfjrs

]j uii mnn sj, heliumhec nii d fj mnn puìhsfjm he fhs rjpdr ns wjii ns mnn dbh-jm muj d ihbhjm spnlj, lne j mdweidnmjm dr rjj n 9fttp?//www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb5.]j mnn ij nvnhinìj fjrj ldenhes fj bds up-d-mnj nem nllurnj mnn dr fjJldedbhl Grjjmdb d fj Sdrim hemjx. \dbj vnrhnìj enbjs nem mnn sdurljs

fnvj jvdivjm dvjr fj yjnrs shelj fj rs puìhlnhde he >887; usjrs sfduim ldesuijnrihjr jmhhdes dJldedbhl Grjjmdb d fj Sdrim dr mjnhis rjcnrmhec sdurljs nemmjslrhphdes dr fdsj yjnrs. Nii jmhhdes d fj rjpdr nrj nvnhinìj he QMG nem lne

`j mdweidnmjm dr rjj n 9fttp?//www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb 5. Fdwjvjr, usjrs nrj niwnyssrdeciy jeldurncjm d usj fj mnn rdb fhs bds rjlje mnn ij ns upmnjs nemldrrjlhdes, jvje d jnrihjr yjnrs mnn, md dllur. Zsjrs mdhec idec-jrb dr idechu-mheni sumhjs nrj jeldurncjm d usj fj lfnhe-ihekjm hemjx ns h hs fj bds ldeshs-je frducf hbj.

H ydu fnvj mhluiy mdweidnmhec fj mnn, pijnsj ldenl Grjm BlBnfde vhnj-bnhi d 9rjjtfjwdrimArnsjrhesthtutj.drc 5. H ydu fnvj jlfehlni qujshdes n`du fjmnn hsji, pijnsj ldenl Odsfun Fnii 9odsfun.l.fniiAcbnhi.ldb5 dr d`jr Inwsde9rd`jrt.n.inwsdeAcbnhi.ldb5.

Qijnsj lhj fj mnn he ydur `hìhdcrnpfy ns?

Nutfdrs Onbjs Cwnrejy, d`jr Inwsde, nem Odsfun Fnii]htij 01>< Jldedbhl Grjjmdb Mnnsj, puìhsfjm heJldedbhl Grjjmdb d fj Sdrim? 01> Jldedbhl Grjjmdb dg tfj Sdrim he 01>>

H fns edw `jje n ihtij bdrj fne n qunrjr d n ljeury shelj Bhlfnji Snikjr nemfj Grnsjr Heshuj pnrejrjm whf Bhide nem dsj Grhjmbne de fj JldedbhlGrjjmdb d fj Sdrim (JGS) prdojl. Grdb fj vjry `jcheehec, fj sdij dòjlhvjd fhs prdojl wns d lijnriy mjej nem bjnsurj fj ldeshsjely d heshuhdes nempdihlhjs whf jldedbhl rjjmdb dr n inrcj sj d lduerhjs nem jrrhdrhjs. ]hsshecij dòjlhvj rjbnhes fj dlni pdhe d fhs prdojl.

N id fns fnppjejm shelj fj hehhni >867 bjjhec. N ldbprjfjeshvj bjnsurj djldedbhl rjjmdb fns jje mjvjidpjm. ]j JGS hemjx edw ldvjrs >:0 lduerhjsnem jrrhdrhjs> nem mnn nrj nvnhinìj dr npprdxhbnjiy >11 lduerhjs nem jrrhd-rhjs `nlk d >861. ]hs mnn sj bnkjs h pdsshìj dr slfdinrs d neniyzj fj hbpnld `df lrdss-lduery mhjrjeljs he jldedbhl rjjmdb nem lfnecjs he fn rjjmdbnlrdss n frjj-mjlnmj hbj rnbj.

Bdrjdvjr, fjrj hs nr crjnjr nwnrjejss d fj hbpdrnelj d heshuhdes nempdihlhjs dmny fne wns ruj wfje fj prdojl wns hehhnjm. Murhec fj pns wd

mjlnmjs, fjrj fns `jje n vhruni jxpidshde d slfdinriy rjsjnrlf jxnbhehec fjhbpnl d jldedbhl, pdihhlni, nem ijcni heshuhdes de fj pjrdrbnelj d jlde-dbhjs. Bulf d fhs rjsjnrlf fns usjm fj Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d fj Sdrim bjn-surj (sjj Fnii nem Inwsde, 01>) pjrsdeni lfdhlj, (0) vdiuenry jx-

lfnecj lddrmhenjm y bnrkjs, ( Fhsdrhlni mnn nrj prdvhmjm dr >:< enhdes he Lfnpjr 0? Lduery Mnn nìjs. Fdwjvjr, muj djvjes he \yrhn, mnn dr 01>> nrj qujshdenìj nem, fjrjdrj, fnvj ed `jje sfdwe he fj nìjs.

Gdr fj snbj rjnsde, \yrhn hs ed heliumjm fhs yjnr nbdec fj >:0 lduerhjs rnekjm he fj hemjx.


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0 J Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim? 01>< Neeuni Pjpdrt


vhdijelj, fj, rnum, nem pfyshlni hevnshdes nrj ed pjrbhsshìj he ne jldedbhlniiyrjj sdlhjy, u dfjrwhsj, hemhvhmunis nrj rjj d lfddsj, rnmj, nem lddpjrnj whfdfjrs, nem ldbpjj ns fjy sjj .

d n inrcj mjcrjj, fj JGS bjnsurj hs ne jdr d hmjehy fdw lidsjiy fj hesh-uhdes nem pdihlhjs d n lduery ldrrjspdem whf fj hmjni d n ihbhjm cdvjrebje,

wfjrj fj cdvjrebje prdjls prdpjry rhcfs nem nrrnecjs dr fj prdvhshde d n

ihbhjm sj d puìhl cddms sulf ns enhdeni mjjesj nem nlljss d bdejy d sduemvniuj, ù ihtij jydem fjsj ldrj uelhdes. He drmjr d rjljhvj n fhcf JGS rnhec,n lduery bus prdvhmj sjlurj prdjlhde d prhvnjiy dwejm prdpjry, jvje-fnemjmjedrljbje d ldernls, nem n snìj bdejnry jevhrdebje. H nisd bus kjjpnxjs idw, rjrnhe rdb lrjnhec `nrrhjrs d `df mdbjshl nem hejrenhdeni rnmj,nem rjiy bdrj uiiy de bnrkjs rnfjr fne cdvjrebje spjemhec nem rjcuinhded niidlnj cddms nem rjsdurljs. He bney wnys, n lduerys JGS subbnry rnhechs n bjnsurj d fdw lidsjiy hs heshuhdes nem pdihlhjs ldbpnrj whf fj hmjnihzjmsrulurj hbpihjm y snemnrm jx`ddk neniyshs d bhlrdjldedbhls.

]fj JGS bjnsurj nem slfdinriy rjsjnrlfd`jr Iulns, fj >88: Ed ji inurjnj, fns snjm, Delj ydu snr fhekhec n`dujldedbhl crdwf, h hs fnrm d fhek n`du neyfhec jisj. Iulns hs ldrrjl. Bdrjdvjr,fhs hs ne jxlhhec hbj d jxnbhej fj uemjriyhec nldrs d fj crdwf prdljss.]j dppdruehy dr whmjsprjnm ldesrulhvj heshuhdeni lfnecj hs pjrfnps crjnjrfne n ney hbj he fhsdry. N ldbprjfjeshvj nem nllurnj bjnsurj d fj mjcrjj d

wfhlf lduerhjs rjiy de bnrkj heshuhdes hs ljerni d decdhec slfdinriy rjsjnrlfd mhsjenecij fj hbpdrnelj d jldedbhl nem pdihhlni heshuhdes, ns wjii ns lih-bnhl, idlnhdeni, luiurni, nem fhsdrhlni nldrs fn njl jldedbhl pjrdrbnelj.

\lfdinriy rjsjnrlf fns nirjnmy prdvhmjm srdec jvhmjelj fn rjjr jldedbhjs fnvjfhcfjr ijvjis d prhvnj hevjsbje, crdw bdrj rnphmiy, nem nlfhjvj df fhcfjr heldbj

ijvjis nem idwjr rnjs d pdvjry. @u eubjrdus ueneswjrjm qujshdes rjbnhe. Mdjsmjbdlrnly rjhedrlj jldedbhl rjjmdb dr, pjrfnps whf fj pnssncj d hbj, ijnmd mj`, mjpjemjely, nem spjlhni-hejrjs pdihhls fn uemjrbhej h4 Sfn pdihhlniheshuhdes nrj bds ldeshsje whf jldedbhl rjjmdb, crdwf, nem prdspjrhy4 Hsjldedbhl rjjmdb cddm dr nm dr fj jevhrdebje4 Fdw hbpdrne nrj luiurni nemfhsdrhlni nldrs ns sdurljs d crdwf nem mjvjidpbje4 ]jsj qujshdes nrj hbpdr-ne nem ldbpijx. H hs `df dur `jihj nem jxpjlnhde fn fjJldedbhl Grjjmdb dfj Sdrim bjnsurj whii fjip slfdinrs jxnbhej fjb bdrj fdrducfiy he fj uurj.

]fj Jldedbhl Grjjmdb dg tfj Sdrimhemjx gdr

]j ldesrulhde d fj hemjx puìhsfjm heJldedbhl Grjjmdb d fj Sdrim hs nsjm defrjj hbpdrne bjfdmdidchlni prhelhpijs. Ghrs, dòjlhvj ldbpdejes nrj niwnysprjjrrjm d fdsj fn hevdivj survjys dr vniuj oumcbjes. Chvje fj buih-mhbje-shdeni enurj d jldedbhl rjjmdb nem fj hbpdrnelj d ijcni nem rjcuindry jij-bjes, h hs sdbjhbjs ejljssnry d usj mnn `nsjm de survjys, jxpjr pnejis, nemcjejrhl lnsj sumhjs. d fj uiijs jxje pdsshìj, fdwjvjr, fj hemjx usjs dòjlhvjldbpdejes. \jldem, fj mnn usjm d ldesrul fj hemjx rnhecs nrj rdb jxjrenisdurljs sulf ns fj Hejrenhdeni Bdejnry Guem, Sdrim @nek, nem Sdrim JldedbhlGdrub fn prdvhmj mnn dr n inrcj eub`jr d lduerhjs. Mnn prdvhmjm mhrjliy rdb

n sdurlj whfhe n lduery nrj rnrjiy usjm, nem deiy wfje fj mnn nrj uenvnhinìj rdb


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Lfnptjr >? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim he 01>> J R \hzj d Cdvjrebje;[0R Ijcni \ysjb nem Qrdpjry hcfs; [1 fn rjgjls fj mhsrhùhde d fj uemjriyhecmnn. Sfje su`-ldbpdejes nrj prjsje, fj su`-ldbpdeje rnhecs nrj nvjrncjmd mjrhvj fj ldbpdeje rnhec. ]j ldbpdeje rnhecs whfhe jnlf nrjn nrj fjenvjrncjm d mjrhvj rnhecs dr jnlf d fj vj nrjns. He ure, fj vj nrjn rnhecs nrjnvjrncjm d mjrhvj fj subbnry rnhec dr jnlf lduery. ]j diidwhec sjlhde prd-

vhmjs ne dvjrvhjw d fj vj bnodr nrjns.

\hzj d Cdvjrebjet

]j dur ldbpdejes d Nrjn > hemhlnj fj jxje d wfhlf lduerhjs rjiy de fjpdihhlni prdljss d niidlnj rjsdurljs nem cddms nem sjrvhljs. Sfje cdvjrebje

spjemhec helrjnsjs rjinhvj d spjemhec y hemhvhmunis, fdusjfdims, nem ùshejssjs,cdvjrebje mjlhshde-bnkhec hs su`shujm dr pjrsdeni lfdhlj nem jldedbhl rjj-mdb hs rjmuljm. ]j rs wd ldbpdejes nmmrjss fhs hssuj. Cdvjrebje lde-subphde ns n sfnrj d dni ldesubphde (>N) nem rnesjrs nem su`shmhjs ns n sfnrjd CMQ (>@) nrj hemhlndrs d fj shzj d cdvjrebje. Sfje cdvjrebje ldesubp-hde hs n inrcjr sfnrj d fj dni, pdihhlni lfdhlj hs su`shujm dr pjrsdeni lfdhlj.\hbhinriy, wfje cdvjrebjes nx sdbj pjdpij he drmjr d prdvhmj rnesjrs d dfjrs,fjy rjmulj fj rjjmdb d hemhvhmunis d kjjp wfn fjy jnre.

]j fhrm ldbpdeje (>L) he fhs nrjn bjnsurjs fj jxje d wfhlf lduerhjsusj prhvnj hevjsbje nem jejrprhsjs rnfjr fne cdvjrebje hevjsbje nemrbs d mhrjl rjsdurljs. Cdvjrebjes nem snj-dwejm jejrprhsjs piny `y ruijs

fn nrj mhjrje rdb fdsj d wfhlf prhvnj jejrprhsjs nrj suòjl. ]jy nrj edmjpjemje de ldesubjrs dr fjhr rjvjeuj dr de hevjsdrs dr lnphni. ]jy djedpjrnj he prdjljm bnrkjs. ]us, jldedbhl rjjmdb hs rjmuljm ns cdvjrebjejejrprhsjs prdmulj n inrcjr sfnrj d dni dupu.

]j durf ldbpdeje (>M) hs `nsjm de (>Mh) fj dp bnrcheni heldbj nx rnjnem (>Mhh) fj dp bnrcheni heldbj nem pnyrdii nx rnj nem fj heldbj frjsfdimn wfhlf fjsj rnjs jche d nppiy. ]jsj wd su`-ldbpdejes nrj nvjrncjm d lni-luinj fj dp bnrcheni nx rnj (>M). Fhcf bnrcheni nx rnjs fn nppiy n rjinhvjiyidw heldbj ijvjis nrj nisd hemhlnhvj d rjihnelj upde cdvjrebje. \ulf rnjs mjeyhemhvhmunis fj ruhs d fjhr in`dr. ]us, lduerhjs whf fhcf bnrcheni nx rnjs nem

idw heldbj frjsfdims nrj rnjm idwjr.


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= J Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim? 01>< Neeuni Pjpdrt


Jxfh`ht .? Nrjns, Ldbpdejets, nem \u`-ldbpdejets d tfj JGS Hemjx

. \hzj d Cdvjrebjet

N. Cdvjrebjet ldesubpthde

@. ]rnesjrs nem su`shmhjsL. Cdvjrebjet jetjrprhsjs nem hevjstbjet

M. ]dp bnrcheni tnx rntj

(h) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj tnx rntj

(hh) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj nem pnyrdii tnx rntj

. Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts

N. Oumhlhni hemjpjemjelj

@. Hbpnrthni ldurts

L. Qrdtjlthde d prdpjrty rhcfts

M. Bhihtnry hetjrjrjelj he ruij d inw nem pdihthls

J. Hetjcrhty d tfj ijcni systjb

G. Ijcni jedrljbjet d ldetrnlts

C. Pjcuintdry rjstrhlthdes de tfj snij d rjni prdpjrty

F. Pjihn`hihty d pdihlj

H. @ushejss ldsts d lrhbj

. \duem Bdejy

N. Bdejy crdwtf

@. \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d hegnthde

L. Hegnthde? bdst rjljet yjnr

M. Grjjmdb td dwe drjhce lurrjely `nek nllduets

. Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy

N. ]nrhs

(h) Pjvjeuj rdb trnmj tnxjs (% d trnmj sjltdr)

(hh) Bjne tnrh rntj

(hhh) \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d tnrh rntjs

@. Pjcuintdry trnmj nrrhjrs

(h) Ede-tnrh trnmj nrrhjrs

(hh) Ldbpihnelj ldsts d hbpdrthec nem jxpdrthec

L. @inlk-bnrkjt jxlfnecj rntjs

M. Ldetrdis d tfj bdvjbjet d lnphtni nem pjdpij

(h) Gdrjhce dwejrsfhp/hevjstbjet rjstrhlthdes

(hh) Lnphtni ldetrdis

(hhh) Grjjmdb d drjhcejrs td vhsht

. Pjcuinthde

N. Lrjmht bnrkjt rjcuinthdes

(h) Dwejrsfhp d neks

(hh) Qrhvntj sjltdr lrjmht

(hhh) Hetjrjst rntj ldetrdis/ejcnthvj rjni hetjrjst rntjs

@. In`dr bnrkjt rjcuinthdes

(h) Fhrhec rjcuinthdes nem bhehbub wncj

(hh) Fhrhec nem rhec rjcuinthdes

(hhh) Ljetrnihzjm ldiijlthvj `nrcnhehec

(hv) Fdurs rjcuinthdes

(v) Bnemntjm ldst d wdrkjr mhsbhssni

(vh) Ldeslrhpthde

L. @ushejss rjcuinthdes

(h) Nmbhehstrnthvj rjquhrjbjets

(hh) @urjnulrnly ldsts

(hhh) \tnrthec n ushejss

(hv) Jxtrn pnybjets/ rh`js/nvdrhthsb

(v) Ihljeshec rjstrhlthdes

(vh) Ldst d tnx ldbpihnelj


14/286

Lfnptjr >? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim he 01>> J :

www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01> bjnsurj fj mjcrjj d wfhlfn lduery rjihjs de pjrsdeni lfdhlj nem bnrkjs rnfjr fne cdvjrebje ùmcjsnem pdihhlni mjlhshde-bnkhec. ]jrjdrj, lduerhjs whf idw ijvjis d cdvjrebjespjemhec ns n sfnrj d fj dni, n sbniijr cdvjrebje jejrprhsj sjldr, nem idwjrbnrcheni nx rnjs jnre fj fhcfjs rnhecs he fhs nrjn.

Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts

Qrdjlhde d pjrsdes nem fjhr rhcfuiiy nlquhrjm prdpjry hs n ljerni jijbjed jldedbhl rjjmdb nem n lhvhi sdlhjy. Hemjjm, h hs fj bds hbpdrne uelhded cdvjrebje. Nrjn 0 dlusjs de fhs hssuj. ]j kjy hecrjmhjes d n ijcni sysjbldeshsje whf jldedbhl rjjmdb nrj ruij d inw, sjlurhy d prdpjry rhcfs, nehemjpjemje nem ue`hnsjm oumhlhnry, nem hbpnrhni nem jjlhvj jedrljbje dfj inw. ]j ehej ldbpdejes he fhs nrjn nrj hemhlndrs d fdw jjlhvjiy fj prd-jlhvj uelhdes d cdvjrebje nrj pjrdrbjm. ]jsj ldbpdejes nrj rdb frjjprhbnry sdurljs? fjHejrenhdeni Lduery Phsk Cuhmj, fj Cid`ni LdbpjhhvjejssPjpdr, nem fj Sdrim @neksMdhec @ushejss prdojl.

\jlurhy d prdpjry rhcfs, prdjljm `y fj ruij d inw, prdvhmjs fj duemn-hde dr `df jldedbhl rjjmdb nem fj jlhje dpjrnhde d bnrkjs. Grjjmdbd jxlfnecj, dr jxnbpij, hs bjnehecijss h hemhvhmunis md ed fnvj sjlurj rhcfs dprdpjry, heliumhec fj ruhs d fjhr in`dr. Sfje hemhvhmunis nem ùshejssjs inlkldemjelj fn ldernls whii `j jedrljm nem fj ruhs d fjhr prdmulhvj jdrsprdjljm, fjhr heljehvj d jecncj he prdmulhvj nlhvhy hs jrdmjm. Qjrfnps bdrjfne ney dfjr nrjn, fhs nrjn hs jssjehni dr fj jlhje niidlnhde d rjsdurljs.Lduerhjs whf bnodr mjlhjelhjs he fhs nrjn nrj ueihkjiy d prdspjr rjcnrmijss dfjhr pdihlhjs he fj dfjr dur nrjns.

\duem Bdejy

Bdejy dhis fj wfjjis d jxlfnecj. Ne n`sjelj d sduem bdejy uemjrbhejs cnhesrdb rnmj. Ns Bhide Grhjmbne hedrbjm us idec ncd, hegnhde hs n bdejnry pfj-edbjede, lnusjm `y dd bulf bdejy lfnshec dd jw cddms. Fhcf rnjs d bdej-nry crdwf hevnrhnìy ijnm d hegnhde. \hbhinriy, wfje fj rnj d hegnhde helrjnsjs,h nisd jems d `jldbj bdrj vdinhij. Fhcf nem vdinhij rnjs d hegnhde mhsdr rjin-hvj prhljs, nijr fj uemnbjeni jrbs d idec-jrb ldernls, nem bnkj h vhru-niiy hbpdsshìj dr hemhvhmunis nem ushejssjs d pine sjeshìy dr fj uurj. \duembdejy hs jssjehni d prdjl prdpjry rhcfs nem, fus, jldedbhl rjjmdb. Hegnhdejrdmjs fj vniuj d prdpjry fjim he bdejnry hesrubjes. Sfje cdvjrebjesenelj fjhr jxpjemhurjs `y lrjnhec bdejy, he jjl, fjy nrj jxprdprhnhec fjprdpjry nem vhdinhec fj jldedbhl rjjmdb d fjhr lhhzjes.

]j hbpdrne fhec hs fn hemhvhmunis fnvj nlljss d sduem bdejy? wfd prd-vhmjs h bnkjs ihtij mhjrjelj. ]us, he nmmhhde d mnn de n lduerys hegnhde nemhs cdvjrebjes bdejnry pdihly, h hs hbpdrne d ldeshmjr fdw mhlui h hs dusj nijrenhvj, bdrj lrjmhìj, lurrjelhjs. H `nekjrs lne djr snvhec nem lfjlkhecnlldues he dfjr lurrjelhjs dr h lhhzjes lne dpje drjhce `nek nlldues, fjenlljss d sduem bdejy hs helrjnsjm nem jldedbhl rjjmdb jxpnemjm.

]jrj nrj dur ldbpdejes d fj JGS hemjx he Nrjn


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`nek nlldues. He drmjr d jnre n fhcf rnhec he fhs nrjn, n lduery bus diidw pdih-lhjs nem nmdp heshuhdes fn ijnm d idw (nem snìj) rnjs d hegnhde nem nvdhmrjcuinhdes fn ihbh fj n`hihy d usj nijrenhvj lurrjelhjs.

Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy

He dur bdmjre wdrim d fhcf jlfedidcy nem idw ldss dr ldbbuehlnhde nem

rnespdrnhde, rjjmdb d jxlfnecj nlrdss enhdeni duemnrhjs hs n kjy hecrjmhjed jldedbhl rjjmdb. Bney cddms nem sjrvhljs nrj edw jhfjr prdmuljm n`rdnmdr ldenhe rjsdurljs suppihjm rdb n`rdnm. Wdiuenry jxlfnecj hs n pdshhvj-subnlhvhy? df rnmhec pnrejrs cnhe nem fj pursuh d fj cnhe prdvhmjs fj bdhvn-hde dr fj jxlfnecj. ]us, rjjmdb d rnmj hejrenhdeniiy nisd lderhùjs su`-snehniiy d dur bdmjre ihvhec snemnrms.

N fj urchec d prdjlhdehs lrhhls nem spjlhni-hejrjs crdups, vhruniiy niilduerhjs nmdp rnmj rjsrhlhdes d vnrhdus ypjs. nrhs nem qudns nrj d`vhdusjxnbpijs d rdnmìdlks fn ihbh hejrenhdeni rnmj. @jlnusj fjy rjmulj fj lde-

vjrh`hihy d lurrjelhjs, lderdis de fj jxlfnecj rnj nisd fhemjr hejrenhdenirnmj. ]j vdiubj d rnmj hs nisd rjmuljm h fj pnssncj d cddms frducf lusdbshs dejrdus nem hbj ldesubhec. \dbjhbjs fjsj mjinys nrj fj rjsui d nmbhehsrn-hvj hejlhjely wfhij he dfjr hesneljs fjy rjgjl fj nlhdes d ldrrup dlhnissjjkhec d jxrnl rh`js. He df lnsjs, jldedbhl rjjmdb hs rjmuljm.

]j ldbpdejes he fhs nrjn nrj mjshcejm d bjnsurj n whmj vnrhjy d rjsrnhesfn njl hejrenhdeni jxlfnecj? nrhs, qudns, fhmmje nmbhehsrnhvj rjsrnhes,nem lderdis de jxlfnecj rnjs nem lnphni. He drmjr d cj n fhcf rnhec he fhs nrjn,n lduery bus fnvj idw nrhs, jnsy lijnrnelj nem jlhje nmbhehsrnhde d lus-dbs, n rjjiy ldevjrhìj lurrjely, nem jw lderdis de fj bdvjbje d pfyshlninem fubne lnphni.

PjcuinthdeSfje rjcuinhdes rjsrhl jery hed bnrkjs nem hejrjrj whf fj rjjmdb djecncj he vdiuenry jxlfnecj, fjy rjmulj jldedbhl rjjmdb. ]j f nrjn d fjhemjx dlusjs de rjcuindry rjsrnhes fn ihbh fj rjjmdb d jxlfnecj he lrjmh,in`dr, nem prdmul bnrkjs. ]j rs ldbpdeje (:N) rjgjls ldemhhdes he fjmdbjshl lrjmh bnrkj. Dej su`-ldbpdeje prdvhmjs jvhmjelj de fj jxje d

wfhlf fj `nekhec hemusry hs prhvnjiy dwejm. ]j eni wd su`-ldbpdejes hemh-lnj fj jxje d wfhlf lrjmh hs suppihjm d fj prhvnj sjldr nem wfjfjr lderdisde hejrjs rnjs hejrjrj whf fj bnrkj he lrjmh. Lduerhjs fn usj n prhvnj

`nekhec sysjb d niidlnj lrjmh d prhvnj pnrhjs nem rjrnhe rdb lderdiihechejrjs rnjs rjljhvj fhcfjr rnhecs dr fhs rjcuindry ldbpdeje.

Bney ypjs d in`dr-bnrkj rjcuinhdes herhecj de fj jldedbhl rjjmdb djbpidyjjs nem jbpidyjrs. Nbdec fj bdrj prdbheje nrj bhehbub wncjs, mhs-bhssni rjcuinhdes, ljernihzjm wncj sjthec, jxjeshde d uehde ldernls d ede-pnrhlhpnhec pnrhjs, nem ldeslrhphde. ]j in`dr-bnrkj ldbpdeje (:@) hsmjshcejm d bjnsurj fj jxje d wfhlf fjsj rjsrnhes upde jldedbhl rjjmdbnrj prjsje. He drmjr d jnre fhcf bnrks he fj ldbpdeje rnhec rjcuinhde d fjin`dr bnrkj, n lduery bus niidw bnrkj drljs d mjjrbhej wncjs nem jsnìhsffj ldemhhdes d fhrhec nem rhec, nem rjrnhe rdb fj usj d ldeslrhphde.

Ihkj fj rjcuinhde d lrjmh nem in`dr bnrkjs, fj rjcuinhde d ushejss nlhvh-hjs (ldbpdeje :L) hefh`hs jldedbhl rjjmdb. ]j su`-ldbpdejes d :L nrj

mjshcejm d hmjehy fj jxje d wfhlf rjcuinhdes nem ùrjnulrnhl prdljmurjs


16/286

Lfnptjr >? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim he 01>> J 3

www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01>>, fj bds rjlje yjnr dr wfhlf ldbprjfjeshvj

mnn nrj nvnhin`ij. ]jrj nrj edw >:0 lduerhjs nem jrrhdrhjs rnjm, up rdb >== heins yjnrs rjpdr. ]j ejw lduerhjs nmmjm d fj hemjx (whf mnn dr `df 01>1nem 01>>) nrj @ruejh Mnrussninb, Lnpj Wjrmj, ]j Cnb`hn, Ij`nede, \urhenbj,\wnzhinem, nohkhsne, hbdr-Ijsj, nem Xjbje. @jlnusj d fj lhvhi wnr nem fj uerj-ihn`hihy d fj mnn shelj 01>1, fj rnhec dr \yrhn fns `jje jbpdrnrhiy suspjemjm.

Fdec Kdec nem \hecnpdrj, delj ncnhe, dllupy fj dp wd pdshhdes. ]jdfjr enhdes he fj dp >1 nrj Ejw _jninem, \whzjrinem, Zehjm Nrn` Jbhrnjs,Bnurhhus, Gheinem, @nfrnhe, Lnenmn, nem Nusrnihn. ]j rnekhecs d sdbj dfjrbnodr lduerhjs nrj fj Zehjm Khecmdb (>0f), Zehjm \njs (>3f), Cjrbney (>8f),

Onpne (>f

), nem Lfhen (>01 idwjs-rnjm lduerhjs nrj?


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Jxfh`ht .? \ubbnry Jldedbhl Grjjmdb Pnthecs dr 1 0 = 7 6 >1

Cnb`hn, ]fj 37

Lrdnthn 3:

Lnb`dmhn 3=

Ji \nivnmdr 3

@ruejh Mnrussninb 3>

]urkjy 76

Bdecdihn 76

Bninyshn 76

Qnenbn 73

_nb`hn 7=

Zcnemn 7=

Ghoh 7=

Ldstn Phln 7

\numh Nrn`hn 71Qdinem :8

Qfhihpphejs :7

Fdemurns :7

Cuntjbnin :7

Kuwnht ::

Ehlnrncun :=

Lzjlf Pjpuìhl :0

@dtswnen :0

Bdetjejcrd =8

Hsrnji =8

@uicnrhn =8

Ni`nehn =6

Dbne =7

Intvhn =7

Pdbnehn =:

Qdrtucni ==

Zrucuny =

Grnelj =1

@nfnbns 0

Lfhij >>

Nustrnihn >1

Lnenmn 6@nfrnhe 6

Gheinem 3

Bnurhthus 7

Zehtjm Nrn` Jbhrntjs :

\whtzjrinem =

Ejw _jninem

1 0 = 7 6 >1

Wjejzujin >:0

Bynebnr >:>

Ldecd, Pjpuìhl dg > :1

_hb`n`wj >=8

Lfnm >=6

Necdin >=3

Ljetrni Ngrhlne Pjp. >=:

@uruemh >=:

Ldecd, Mjb. Pjp. dg >==

Nicjrhn >==0

]dcd >=>

Ehcjr >=1

Bdznb`hquj >08

]nohkhstne >06

Hrne >03

Zkrnhej >07

Ejpni >0:

Ehcjrhn >0=

Lfhen >000

Lnpj Wjrmj >0>

\urhenbj >01

]hbdr-Ijstj >>3Bninwh >>3

Nzjr`nhone >>3

Xjbje, Pjpuìhl >>7

\hjrrn Ijdej >>:

@necinmjsf >>=

Qnkhstne >>>

Hemhn >>>

Cuynen >>>

Ijsdtfd >>1

Jcypt >16

@dihvhn >16

Bnmncnslnr >13

Enbh`hn >17

Bnurhtnehn >1:

\jr`hn >1=

Kyrcyz Pjpuìhl >10

@rnzhi >10Pusshn >1>

\wnzhinem 86

Bdrdlld 86

Fnhth 86

\idvjehn 83

Ldidb`hn 87

]fnhinem 8=

Bjxhld 8=

]neznehn 8

Cfnen 81

Qnrncuny 68

\dutf Ngrhln 66

Kjeyn 63

@jihzj 67

Crjjlj 6:Knznkfstne 6=

Htniy 6

Hemdejshn 61

]rhehmnm & ]d`ncd 38

Qnpun Ejw Cuhejn 33

@nr`nmds 33.......

.................

.................

.................

..................

.......

.................

.................

.................

..................


18/286

Lfnptjr >? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim he 01>> J 8

www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01>831 ns fj nvnhin`hihy d mnn niidws; sjjfj Lfnpjr 0? Lduery Mnn nìjs dr dur wj`shj, 9fttp?//www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb 5,dr hedrbnhde rdb pns yjnrs. @jlnusj sdbj mnn dr jnrihjr yjnrs bny fnvj jje

upmnjm dr ldrrjljm, rjsjnrlfjrs nrj niwnys jeldurncjm d usj fj mnn rdb fjbds rjlje neeuni rjpdr d nssurj fj `js-qunihy mnn.

Nrjn Jldedbhl Grjjmdb Pnthecs (nem Pnekhecs) dr

Jxfh`h . prjsjes fj rnhecs (nem rnekhecs) dr jnlf d fj vj nrjns d fj hemjxnem dr Ldbpdejes :N, :@, nem :L. N eub`jr d hejrjshec pntjres jbjrcj rdbne neniyshs d fjsj mnn. Fhcf-heldbj hemusrhni jldedbhjs cjejrniiy rnek quhjfhcf dr Ijcni \ysjb nem Qrdpjry hcfs (Nrjn 0), \duem Bdejy (Nrjn ) nem jcuinhde (Nrjn :). ]hs wns pnrhluinriy rujdr wjsjre Jurdpjne lduerhjs.

De fj dfjr fnem, n eub`jr d mjvjidphec enhdes fnvj n sbnii slni shzj dcdvjrebje ù rnj idw he dfjr nrjns nem, ns n rjsui, fnvj n idw dvjrnii rnhec. ]jijssde rdb fhs hs lijnr? n sbnii slni shzj d cdvjrebje hs hesulhje d jesurjjldedbhl rjjmdb. ]j heshuhdes d jldedbhl rjjmdb, sulf ns fj ruij d inwnem prdpjry rhcfs, ns wjii ns sduem bdejy, rnmj dpjeejss, nem sjeshìj rjcuin-hde nrj nisd rjquhrjm.

Sjnkejss he fj ruij d inw nem prdpjry rhcfs hs pnrhluinriy prdedueljmhe su`-\nfnrne Nrhln, nbdec Hsinbhl enhdes, nem dr sjvjrni enhdes fn wjrj

drbjriy pnr d fj \dvhj idl, fducf sjvjrni lduerhjs he fj intjr crdup fnvjbnmj hbprjsshvj srhmjs dwnrm hbprdvjbje. Bney enhdes he Inhe Nbjrhlnnem \dufjns Nshn nisd sldrj pddriy dr ruij d inw nem prdpjry rhcfs. ]jenhdes fn rnek pddriy he fhs lnjcdry nisd jem d sldrj pddriy he fj rnmjnem rjcuinhde nrjns, jvje fducf sjvjrni fnvj rjnsdenìy shzjm cdvjrebjes nemsduem bdejy.

]fj Lfnhe-Ihekjm \ubbnry Hemjx

]j mnn puìhsfjm heJldedbhl Grjjmdb d fj Sdrim nrj nvnhinìj dr bney lduerhjs

nem jrrhdrhjs `nlk d >831. ]rducf hbj, fj hemjx fns `jldbj bdrj ldbprjfje-shvj nem fj nvnhinìj mnn bdrj ldbpijj. Ns n rjsui, fj eub`jr nem ldbpdshhded fj ldbpdejes dr bney lduerhjs whii vnry nlrdss hbj. ]hs prjsjes n prdìjbshbhinr d fn lderdejm wfje lniluinhec CMQ dr n prhlj hemjx dvjr hbj wfje

wj kedw fn fj uemjriyhec ùemij d cddms nem sjrvhljs hs lfnechec rdb dejyjnr d nedfjr. He drmjr d ldrrjl dr fhs prdìjb nem nssurj ldbpnrn`hihy nlrdsshbj, wj fnvj mdej fj snbj fhec fn snhshlhnes neniyzhec enhdeni heldbj md?

wj fnvj lfnhe-ihekjm fj mnn.]j `nsj yjnr dr fj lfnhe-ihek hemjx hs 0111 nem, ns n rjsui, fj lfnhe-ihek

hemjx hs ed nvnhinìj dr ney lduerhjs nmmjm shelj fn yjnr. Lfnecjs he n ldue-

rys lfnhe-ihekjm hemjx frducf hbj nrj `nsjm deiy de lfnecjs he ldbpdejes


19/286

>1 J Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim? 01>< Neeuni Pjpdrt


Jxfh`ht .? Nrjn Jldedbhl Grjjmdb Pnthecs (Pnekhecs) dr

Nrjns Ldbpdejets d Nrjn :

>\hzj dg

Cdvjrebjet

0Ijcni \ystjbnem Qrdpjrty

Phcfts

? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim he 01>> J >>

www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01>\hzj dg

Cdvjrebjet


Phcfts



Jxfh`ht . (ldetheujm)? Nrjn Jldedbhl Grjjmdb Pnthecs (Pnekhecs) dr


>\hzj dg

Cdvjrebjet


Phcfts

? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim he 01>> J >\hzj dg

Cdvjrebjet


Phcfts

= J Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim? 01>< Neeuni Pjpdrt



>\hzj dg

Cdvjrebjet


Phcfts

? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim he 01>> J >:

www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01>1 lfnhe-ihekjm rnhec hs`nsjm de fj 01 18 rnhec ù hs nmousjm `nsjm de fj lfnecjs he fj uemjriyhecmnn jwjje 011 8 nem 01>1 dr fdsj ldbpdejes fn wjrj prjsje he df yjnrs.H fj ldbbde ldbpdejes dr n lduery he 01>1 wjrj fj snbj ns he 0118, fjeed nmousbje wns bnmj d fj lduerys 01>1 subbnry rnhec. Fdwjvjr, h fj01>1 ldbpdejes wjrj idwjr fne fdsj dr 0118 dr fj ldbpdejes prjsje he

`df yjnrs, fje fj lduerys 01>1 subbnry rnhec wns nmousjm mdwewnrm prd-pdrhdeniiy d rjgjl fhs nl. Ldrrjspdemheciy, he lnsjs wfjrj fj rnhecs dr fjldbbde ldbpdejes wjrj fhcfjr he 01>1 fne dr 01 18, fj lduerys 01>1 sub-bnry rnhec wns nmousjm upwnrm prdpdrhdeniiy. ]j lfnhe-ihekjm rnhecs wjrjldesruljm `y rjpjnhec fhs prdljmurj `nlkwnrm he hbj d >831 nem drwnrm hehbj d 01>>.

]j lfnhe-ihekjm bjfdmdidcy bjnes fn n lduerys rnhec whii lfnecj nlrdsshbj pjrhdms deiy wfje fjrj hs n lfnecj he rnhecs dr ldbpdejes prjsje murhecnmonlje yjnrs. ]hs hs prjlhsjiy wfn dej wduim wne wfje bnkhec ldbpnrhsdesnlrdss hbj pjrhdms.

Nvjrncj lfnhe-ihekjm jldedbhl rjjmdb rnthecJxfh`h . sfdws fj nvjrncj lfnhe-ihekjm jldedbhl rjjmdb rnhec dr fj >1>lduerhjs whf rnhecs shelj >861. ]j nvjrncj ijvji d jldedbhl rjjmdb, ns bjn-surjm `y fhs lfnhe-ihekjm JGS hemjx, fns helrjnsjm rdb :.861 d :.60 he>881 d 7.3= he 0111 nem eniiy d 7.63 he 01>>. Njr sjjhec fj cid`ni nvjrncj mrdp`jwjje 0113 nem 0118, fj nvjrncj subbnry rnhec helrjnsjm bdmjsiy he `df01>1 nem 01>>.

Sj fnvj nisd mjrhvjm fj nvjrncj subbnry rnhec dr fj > lduerhjs nem jr-rhdrhjs wjhcfjm `y lduery pdpuinhde. ]j pntjre d fj pdpuinhde wjhcfjmsubbnry rnhecs hs fj snbj ns fn d Jxfh`h >.=. ]hs hemhlnjs fn, de nvjrncj,

fj wdrim hs bdrj jldedbhlniiy rjj d mny fne h wns frjj mjlnmjs ncd. ]j bnodrlderhùhec nldrs d fhs idec-jrb helrjnsj he jldedbhl rjjmdb wjrj rjmul-hdes he bnrcheni heldbj-nx rnjs, bdrj snìj bdejnry pdihly, n mjlihej he fjusj d bhihnry ldeslrhphde, nem ih`jrnihznhde d rnmj pdihlhjs.

]j lfnhe-ihekjm subbnry rnhecs dr nii yjnrs nrj duem he Jxfh`h .. ]jlfnhe-ihek bjfdmdidcy wns nisd usjm d mjrhvj rnhecs dr Nrjn > d Nrjn :. ]jsjnrj sfdwe n fj dp d fj lduery nìjs n`dvj fj uenmousjm rnhecs. Qijnsjedj fn fjrj lne `j shcehlne mhjrjeljs `jwjje fj uenmousjm nem fjlfnhe-ihekjm rnhecs; fhs hs jspjlhniiy ruj dr lduerhjs whf ijss ldbpijj mnnhe jnrihjr yjnrs. jsjnrlfjrs ldemulhec idec-jrb sumhjs sfduim usj fj lfnhe-ihekjm mnn.

]fj mjlihehec jldedbhl rjjmdb d tfj Zehtjm \tntjs]rducfdu bds d pjrhdm rdb >861 d 0111, fj Zehjm \njs rnekjm ns fjwdrims fhrm-rjjs jldedby, `jfhem Fdec Kdec nem \hecnpdrj. N s Jxfh`h >.:hemhlnjs, fj lfnhe-ihekjm subbnry rnhec d fj Zehjm \njs he 0111 wns 6.7:,sjldem deiy d Fdec Kdec. @y 011:, fj Z\ rnhec fnm sihppjm d 6.0> nem hs rnek-hec niije d 6. ]j sihmj fns ldeheujm. ]j Zehjm \njs pinljm >7 he 01>1 nem>8 he 01>>. ]j 3.3= lfnhe-ihekjm rnhec d fj Zehjm \njs he 01>> wns ejnriy nuii pdhe ijss fne fj 0111 rnhec.

Sfn nlldues dr fj mjlihej d jldedbhl rjjmdb he fj Zehjm \njs4

Sfhij fj Z\ rnhecs nem rnekhecs fnvj niije he nii vj nrjns d fj JGS hemjx,


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fj rjmulhdes fnvj `jje inrcjs he Ijcni \ysjb nem Qrdpjry hcfs (Nrjn 0),Grjjmdb d rnmj Hejrenhdeniiy (Nrjn =), nem jcuinhde (Nrjn :). ]j piuecjhe Nrjn 0 fns `jje fucj. He 0111, fj 8.0< rnhec d fj Zehjm \njs wns fjehef fhcfjs he fj wdrim. @u `y 01>>, fj nrjn rnhec fnm sihm d 7.8.1 nem >.: pjrljencj pdhes neeu-niiy (Cwnrejy, Fdildb`j, nem Inwsde, 0117). ]hs hbpihjs fn, ueijss pdihlhjsuemjrbhehec jldedbhl rjjmdb nrj rjvjrsjm, fj uurj neeuni crdwf d fj Z\

jldedby whii `j fni hs fhsdrhl nvjrncj d .=? Nvjrncj Lfnhe-ihekjm JGS Pnthec dr tfj >1> lduetrhjswhtf rnthecs shelj >861

NvjrncjLfnhe-ihekjmJGS

Pnthec

. ..6

7.6 7.3 7.637.8 7.8

7.6 7.6 7.637.67


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Lfnptjr >? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim he 01>> J >3

www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01>831 >83: >861 >86: >881 >88: 0111 011> 0110 011< 011= 011: 0117 0113 0116 0118 01>1 01>>

Ni`nehn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nicjrhn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nrcjethen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nustrnihn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nustrhn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

@nfnbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

@nfrnhe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

@necinmjsf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

@nr`nmds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

@jichub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

@jihzj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

@jehe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

@dihvhn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

@dtswnen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

@rnzhi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

@uicnrhn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

@uruemh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lnbjrdde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lnenmn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ljetrni Nrhlne Pjp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lfnm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lfhij . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lfhen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ldidb`hn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ldecd, Mjb. Pjp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ldecd, Pjpu`ihl d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ldstn Phln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ltj mHvdhrj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lrdnthn . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lzjlf Pjpu`ihl . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mjebnrk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


27/286



Jxfh`ht . (ldetheujm)? Lfnhe-ihekjm subbnry rnthecs rdb td

>831 >83: >861 >86: >881 >88: 0111 011> 0110 011< 011= 011: 0117 0113 0116 0118 01>1 01>>

Mdbhehlne Pjpu`ihl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Jlunmdr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Jcypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ji \nivnmdr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Jstdehn . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ghoh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gheinem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grnelj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cn`de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cjrbney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cfnen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Crjjlj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cuntjbnin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cuhejn-@hssnu . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cuynen . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fnhth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fdemurns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fdec Kdec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fuecnry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hljinem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hemhn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hemdejshn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hrne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hrjinem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hsrnji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Htniy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Onbnhln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Onpne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Odrmne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kjeyn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kdrjn, \dutf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kuwnht . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


28/286

Lfnptjr >? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim he 01>> J >8

www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01>831 >83: >861 >86: >881 >88: 0111 011> 0110 011< 011= 011: 0117 0113 0116 0118 01>1 01>>

Intvhn . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ihtfunehn . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iuxjb`durc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bnmncnslnr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bninwh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bninyshn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bnih . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bnitn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bnurhthus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bjxhld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bdrdlld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bynebnr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Enbh`hn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ejpni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ejtfjrinems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ejw _jninem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ehlnrncun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ehcjr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ehcjrhn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Edrwny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dbne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Qnkhstne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Qnenbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Qnpun Ejw Cuhejn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Qnrncuny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Qjru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Qfhihpphejs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Qdinem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Qdrtucni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pdbnehn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pusshn . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pwnemn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


29/286



Jxfh`ht . (ldetheujm)? Lfnhe-ihekjm subbnry rnthecs rdb td

>831 >83: >861 >86: >881 >88: 0111 011> 0110 011< 011= 011: 0117 0113 0116 0118 01>1 01>>

\jejcni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\hjrrn Ijdej . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\hecnpdrj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\idvnk Pjp . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\idvjehn . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\dutf Nrhln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\pnhe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\rh Inekn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\wjmje . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\whtzjrinem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\yrhn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

]nhwne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

]neznehn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

]fnhinem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

]dcd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

]rhehmnm & ]d`ncd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

]uehshn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

]urkjy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Zcnemn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Zkrnhej . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Zehtjm Nrn` Jbhrntjs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Zehtjm Khecmdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Zehtjm \tntjs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Zrucuny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wjejzujin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

_nb`hn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

_hb`n`wj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


30/286

Lfnptjr >? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim he 01>> J 0>

www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01>>, `rjnkhec fj mnn hed dur qunrhijs drmjrjm rdb idw

d fhcf. @jlnusj pjrshsjelj hs hbpdrne nem fj hbpnl d jldedbhl rjjmdb whii`j ji dvjr n ijecfy hbj pjrhdm, h hs `jtjr d usj fj nvjrncj rnhec dvjr n nhriyidec hbj spne rnfjr fne fj lurrje rnhec d d`sjrvj fj hbpnl d jldedbhlrjjmdb de pjrdrbnelj.

]j crnpfs jche whf fj mnn de fj rjinhdesfhp jwjje jldedbhl rjjmdbnem fj ijvji d pjr-lnphn CMQ nem jldedbhl crdwf. He rjlje yjnrs, eubjrdusslfdinriy sumhjs fnvj neniyzjm fjsj rjinhdesfhps he mjnhi nem, nibds whfdujxljphde, fnvj duem fn lduerhjs whf fhcfjr nem hbprdvhec jldedbhl rjjmdbcrdw bdrj rnphmiy nem nlfhjvj fhcfjr ijvjis d pjr-lnphn CMQ.

Bney d fj rjinhdesfhps hiiusrnjm he fj crnpfs `jidw rjgjl fj hbpnl djldedbhl rjjmdb ns h wdrks frducf helrjnshec jldedbhl crdwf. He dfjr lnsjs,fj d`sjrvjm rjinhdesfhps bny rjgjl fj nl fn sdbj d fj vnrhn`ijs fn hegu-jelj jldedbhl rjjmdb bny nisd hegujelj pdihhlni nldrs ihkj rus, fdejsy hecdvjrebje, nem prdjlhde d lhvhi ih`jrhjs. ]us, wj nrj ed ejljssnrhiy nrcuhecfn fjrj hs n mhrjl lnusni rjinhde `jwjje jldedbhl rjjmdb nem fj vnrhn`ijsldeshmjrjm `jidw. He dfjr wdrms, fjsj crnpfhls nrj ed su`shuj dr rjni, slfdinriyhevjshcnhde fn lderdis dr dfjr nldrs. Edejfjijss, wj `jihjvj fn fj crnpfsprdvhmj sdbj heshcfs n`du fj lderns jwjje fj enurj nem lfnrnljrhshls dbnrkj-drhjejm jldedbhjs nem fdsj mdbhenjm `y cdvjrebje rjcuinhde nempineehec. N fj vjry ijns, fjsj curjs succjs wfn bhcf `j ruhui nrjns druurj rjsjnrlf.

Jxfh`ht >.7? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb nem Heldbj pjr Lnphtn, 01>>

Bdst Grjj\jldem]fhrmIjnst Grjj

Lduetrhjs whtf bdrj jldedbhl

rjjmdb fnvj su`stnethniiy fhcfjr

pjr-lnphtn heldbjs.

\durljs? Grnsjr Hesthtutj, Jldedbhl

Grjjmdb dg tfj Sdrim? 01>< Neeuni

Pjpdrt; Sdrim @nek, Sdrim Mjvjidpbjet

Hemhlntdrs 01>>),01>>

Jldedbhl Grjjmdb unrthij

$,


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Jxfh`ht >.8? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb nem tfj Heldbj Jnrejm `y tfj Qddrjst >1%, 01>>


]fj nbduet d heldbj, ns dppdsjm

td tfj sfnrj, jnrejm y tfj pddrjst

>1% d tfj pdpuinthde hs bulffhcfjr he lduetrhjs whtf fhcfjr

jldedbhl rjjmdb.




Hemhlntdrs 01>1%(

Z\$01>>),01

>>


$,

Jxfh`ht >.6? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb nem tfj Heldbj \fnrj d tfj Qddrjst >1%, 011101>>

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


]fj sfnrj d heldbj jnrejm `y tfj

pddrjst >1% d tfj pdpuinthde hs

uerjintjm td jldedbhl rjjmdb.




Hemhlntdrs 01>.3? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb nem Jldedbhl Crdwtf, >88>01>>

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

.


Lduetrhjs whtf bdrj jldedbhl

rjjmdb tjem td crdw bdrj rnphmiy.




Hemhlntdrs 01>88>01>>


.%


32/286

Lfnptjr >? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim he 01>> J 0.>1? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb nem Ihj Jxpjltnely, 01>>


Ihj jxpjltnely hs n`dut 01 yjnrs

idecjr he lduetrhjs whtf tfj

bdst jldedbhl rjjmdb tfne he

lduetrhjs whtf tfj ijnst.




Hemhlntdrs 01>>


.

Jxfh`ht >.>>? Jldedbhl Grjjmdb nem Qdihthlni Phcfts nem Lhvhi Ih`jrthjs


Crjntjr jldedbhl rjjmdb hs

nssdlhntjm whtf bdrj pdihthlni

rhcfts nem lhvhi ih`jrthjs.


Grjjmdb dg tfj Sdrim? 01>< Neeuni Pjpdrt;

Grjjmdb Fdusj, Grjjmdb he tfj Sdrim 01>0.

Edtj? Qdihthlni rhcfts nem lhvhi ih`jrthjsnrj bjnsurjm de n slnij rdb > td 3?

> 2 tfj fhcfjst mjcrjj d pdihthlni rhcfts

nem lhvhi ih`jrthjs; 3 2 tfj idwjst.

.

QdihthlniPhcftsnemLhvhiIh`jrthjs


.

..

. . . .

Qdi Lhv Qdi Lhv Qdi Lhv Qdi Lhv


33/286

0= J Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim? 01>< Neeuni Pjpdrt


Pjjrjeljs

Grjjmdb Fdusj (01>0). Grjjmdb he fj Sdrim 01>0? ]j Nrn Zprhshecs nem ]jhr Cid`niPjpjrlusshdes. 9fttp?//www.rjjmdbfdusj.drc/rjpdrt/rjjmdb-wdrim/rjjmdb-wdrim-01>05.

Cwnrejy, Onbjs, nemnii Fdildb`j, nem d`jr Inwsde (0117). Heshuhdes

nem fj Hbpnl d Hevjsbje de Jldedbhl Crdwf.Kykids :8, 0? 0::031.>>>>/o.>=73-7=>>>/ldjp.>01>1/n`strnlt5.

Sdrim @nek (01>887; usjrs sfduim ldesui jnrihjrjmhhdes dJldedbhl Grjjmdb d fj Sdrim dr mjnhis rjcnrmhec sdurljs nem mjslrhp-hdes dr fdsj yjnrs. Nii jmhhdes d fj rjpdr nrj nvnhinìj he QMG nem lne j mdwe-idnmjm dr rjj n 9fttp?//www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb5. Fdwjvjr, usjrs nrj niwnys srdeciy

jeldurncjm d usj fj mnn rdb fhs bds rjlje mnn ij ns upmnjs nem ldrrjlhdes,jvje d jnrihjr yjnrs mnn, md dllur. Zsjrs mdhec idec-jrb dr idechumheni sumhjs nrjjeldurncjm d usj fj lfnhe-ihekjm hemjx ns h hs fj bds ldeshsje frducf hbj.

H ydu fnvj mhluiy mdweidnmhec fj mnn, pijnsj ldenl Grjm BlBnfde vhnj-bnhi d 9rjjtfjwdrimArnsjrhesthtutj.drc 5. H ydu fnvj jlfehlni qujshdes n`du fjmnn hsji, pijnsj ldenl Odsfun Fnii 9odsfun.l.fniiAcbnhi.ldb5 dr d`jr Inwsde9rd`jrt.n.inwsdeAcbnhi.ldb5. Qijnsj lhj fj mnn he ydur `hìhdcrnpfy ns?

Nutfdrs Onbjs Cwnrejy, d`jr Inwsde, nem Odsfun Fnii]htij 01>< Jldedbhl Grjjmdb Mnnsj, puìhsfjm heJldedbhl Grjjmdb d fj Sdrim?

01>< Neeuni Pjpdr

Quìhsfjr Grnsjr HeshujXjnr 01>: ourhsmhlhdes heliumjm he fhs sumy. Gdr jnlf lduery dr

wfhlf mnn wjrj nvnhinìj, wj prjsje fj dvjrnii JG S hemjx rnhec nem fj rnekd fn lduery dr fj yjnrs >861, >86:, >881, >88:, 0111, 011:, 01>1, nem 01>>.(nhecs nrj nisd nvnhinìj dr bney lduerhjs dr >831, >83:, 011>, 0110, 0111; >1 hs fj fhcfjs pdsshìj rnhec nem zjrd(1) hs fj idwjs. N fhcfjr rnhec hemhlnjs n crjnjr mjcrjj d jldedbhl rjjmdb.

Lfnhe-Ihekjm ]j lduery mnn nìjs sfdw df uenmousjm nem lfnhe-ihekjm rn-hecs nem rneks. \jj lfnpjr > dr n uii jxpinenhde d fj lfnhe-ihekjm bjfdm. ]jdp rdw uemjr fj Lfnhe-ihekjm sjlhde sfdws fj lduerys lfnhe-ihekjm sub-

bnry rnhec dr jnlf yjnr nem, he pnrjefjsjs, hs dvjrnii rnek. He fj rdws `jidw,hijs de fj ij he `dim nlj hemhlnj fj vj nrjns d jldedbhl rjjmdb fn nrjldb`hejm d cjejrnj ne dvjrnii rnhec. ]j ljiis d fjhr rhcf chvj fj lfnhe-ihekjmrnhec nem, he pnrjefjsjs, fj rnek dr fn pnrhluinr nrjn dr jnlf yjnr.

Zenmoustjm ]j dp rdw uemjr fj Zenmousjm sjlhde sfdws fj lduerys sub-bnry rnhec dr jnlf yjnr nem, he pnrjefjsjs, hs dvjrnii rnek. He fj rdws `jidw,hijs de fj ij he `dim nlj hemhlnj fj vj nrjns d jldedbhl rjjmdb fn nrjldb`hejm d cjejrnj ne dvjrnii sldrj. ]j ljiis d fjhr rhcf chvj fj rnhec dr fnnrjn dr jnlf yjnr. Zemjrejnf jnlf nrjn hij nrj fj hijs d fj ldbpdejes nemsu`-ldbpdejes fn nrj ldb`hejm d cjejrnj fn nrjns sldrj. He fjsj rdws nrj

fj sldrjs dr jnlf yjnr prjsjejm, wfjrj mnn nrj nvnhinìj. \fdwe he hnihl `jshmjsdbj sldrjs nrj fj nluni mnn usjm d mjrhvj fn pnrhluinr ldbpdeje rnhec.Gdr sdbj lduerhjs, mnn dr dfjr ldbpdejes dr ljrnhe yjnrs bny `j rjpdrjmjvje fducf fjrj wjrj hesulhje mnn d ldbpuj nrjn dr subbnry rnhecs. Nbdrj ldbpijj mjslrhphde d jnlf ldbpdeje, heliumhec fj bjfdmdidcy usjmd lniluinj fj rnhecs, lne j duem he fj Nppje mhx? Jxpinendry Edjs nem Mnn\durljs (p. 0 ]j nìj dr \yrhn, whf fhsdrhl mnn, hs heliumjm he fhs lfnpjr ù, muj d jvjes he fj lduery,mnn dr 01>> nrj qujshdenìj nem, fjrjdrj, fnvj ed jje sfdwe. Gdr fhs rjnsde, \yrhn hs ed

heliumjm fhs yjnr nbdec fj >:0 lduerhjs rnekjm he Jxfh`hs >.0 nem >.


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Ni`nehn86 86: 88 88: :

Lfnhe-Ihekjm Pnthec Pnek) Pnthec Pnek) Pnthec Pnek) Pnthec Pnek) Pnthec Pnek) Pnthec Pnek) Pnthec Pnek) Pnthec Pnek)

\ubbnry Pnthec Pnek)f .3 () :.3 () 7. () 3. () 3.8 () 3. ()

Nrjn . \hzj dg Cdvjrebjet . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Nrjn . Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Nrjn . \duem Bdejy . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Nrjn . Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy . () . () . () . () . ()

Nrjn :. Pjcuinthde . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Zenmoustjm\ubbnry Pnthecs Pnek)f .7 () .86 () 7.8 () 7.86 () 3. () 3.3 ()

Pnthec Pnek) Pnthec Pnek) Pnthec Pnek) Pnthec Pnek) Pnthec Pnek) Pnthec Pnek) Pnthec Pnek) Pnthec Pnek)

Nrjn . \hzj dg Cdvjrebjet .8 7.: 3.7 6. 6. 6.7

N. Cdvjrebjet ldesubpthde . (.6) . (.8) . (.==) . (.::) . (8.3) . (8.=) . (6.=) . (6.=)

@. ]rnesjrs nem su`shmhjs . (=.) . (6.=) . (6.:3) . (.3) . (.8) . (.7:)

L. Cdvjrebjet jetjrprhsjs nem hevjstbjet . (8.) . (7.3) . (8.=:) . (.6) . (6.)

M. ]dp bnrcheni tnx rntj . . .

(h) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj tnx rntj . (:) . () . ()

(hh) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj nem pnyrdii tnx r ntj . (:) . () . ()

Nrjn . Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts :.: :. .7 .:6 .6 :.7 .83

N. Oumhlhni hemjpjemjelj . . .

@. Hbpnrthni ldurts . . . . .

L. Qrdtjlthde d prdpjrty rhcfts . . .

M. Bhihtnry hetjrjrjelj he ruij d inw nem pdihthls . . . . .

J. Hetjcrhty d tfj ijcni systjb . . . . .

G. Ijcni jedrljbjet d ldetrnlts . . .

C. Pjcuintdry rjstrhlthdes de snij d rjni prdpjrty . . .

F. Pjihn`hihty d pdihlj . . .

H. @ushejss ldsts d lrhbj . . .

Nrjn . \duem Bdejy 7.: 7.: .7 3. 8.7 8.3 8.36

N. Bdejy crdwtf . (36.8) . (.7) . (.:) . (.3) . (-.8)

@. \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d hegnthde . (.8) . (.8:) . (67.8=) . (.=) . (.7) . (.7) . (.=6)

L. Hegnthde? bdst rjljet yjnr . (.:) . (.) . (8.6) . (.:) . (.3) . (.::) . (.=:)

M. Grjjmdb td dwe drjhce lurrjely nek nllduets . . . . . . . .

Nrjn . Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy :.8 :.66 7. 3.: 3.

N. ]nrhs . . . . .

(h) Pjvjeuj rdb trnmj tnxjs (% d trnmj sjltdr) . (7.=:) . (3.8) . (.38) . (.=) . (.=)

(hh) Bjne tnrhg rntj . (3.) . (7.) . (:.) . (:.)

(hhh) \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d tnrhg rntjs . (6.:) . (:.=) . (:.::) . (:.::)

@. Pjcuintdry trnmj `nrrhjrs . . .

(h) Ede-tnrhg trnmj `nrrhjrs . . .

(hh) Ldbpihnelj ldsts d hbpdrthec nem jxpdrthec . . .

L. @inlk-bnrkjt jxlfnecj rntjs . . . . . . . .

M. Ldetrdis d tfj bdvjbjet d lnphtni nem pjdpij . . . . . . . .

(h) Gdrjhce dwejrsfhp/hevjstbjet rjstrhlthdes . . .

(hh) Lnphtni ldetrdis . . . . . . . .

(hhh) Grjjmdb d drjhcejrs td vhsht . . .

Nrjn :. Pjcuinthde . . . . . .

N. Lrjmht bnrkjt rjcuinthdes . . . . . .

(h) Dwejrsfhp d `neks . . . . . .

(hh) Qrhvntj sjltdr lrjmht . . . . .(hhh) Hetjrjst rntj ldetrdis/ejcnthvj rjni hetjrjst rntjs . . . . . .

@. In`dr bnrkjt rjcuinthdes . . .

(h) Fhrhec rjcuinthdes nem bhehbub wncj . . .

(hh) Fhrhec nem rhec rjcuinthdes . . .

(hhh) Ljetrnihzjm ldiijlthvj nrcnhehec . . .

(hv) Fdurs rjcuinthdes . . .

(v) Bnemntjm ldst d wdrkjr mhsbhssni . . .

(vh) Ldeslrhpthde . . . . . . . .

L. @ushejss rjcuinthdes . . .

(h) Nmbhehstrnthvj rjquhrjbjets . . .

(hh) @urjnulrnly ldsts . . .

(hhh) \tnrthec n `ushejss . . .

(hv) Jxtrn pnybjets/`rh`js/nvdrhthsb . . .

(v) Ihljeshec rjstrhlthdes . . .

(vh) Ldst d tnx ldbpihnelj . . .


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Lfnptjr 0? Lduetry Mntn ]n`ijs J 03

www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01>>86.6=) . (:.==) . (.) . (.:7) . (7.63) . (7.8)

L. Hegnthde? bdst rjljet yjnr . (8.) . (7.6=) . (017=.>8) . (.63) . (-.8=) . (8.7=) . (7.7) . (.6)


Nrjn . Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy .7 .78 . 6.: 3.7 7. 7. :.6

N. ]nrhs . . . . . . . .

(h) Pjvjeuj rdb trnmj tnxjs (% d trnmj sjltdr) . (8.:) . (.3) . (8.8) . (.3) . (.) . (7.7) . (7.7) . (7.7)

(hh) Bjne tnrhg rntj . (3.6) . (3.) . (.:) . (.:) . (.7) . (.7) . (.7) . (.7)

(hhh) \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d tnrhg rntjs . (=.) . (3.7) . (3.:) . (.) . (.:6) . (8.77)

@. Pjcuintdry trnmj `nrrhjrs . . . . .

(h) Ede-tnrhg trnmj `nrrhjrs . . . . .

(hh) Ldbpihnelj ldsts d hbpdrthec nem jxpdrthec . . . .



(h) Gdrjhce dwejrsfhp/hevjstbjet rjstrhlthdes . . . . .



Nrjn :. Pjcuinthde . . . . . . . .

N. Lrjmht bnrkjt rjcuinthdes . . . . . . . .

(h) Dwejrsfhp d `neks . . . . . . . .

(hh) Qrhvntj sjltdr lrjmht . . . . . . . .(hhh) Hetjrjst rntj ldetrdis/ejcnthvj rjni hetjrjst rntjs . . . . . . . .

@. In`dr bnrkjt rjcuinthdes . . . . . . . .

(h) Fhrhec rjcuinthdes nem bhehbub wncj . . . . .

(hh) Fhrhec nem rhec rjcuinthdes . . . . . .

(hhh) Ljetrnihzjm ldiijlthvj nrcnhehec . . . . . . . .

(hv) Fdurs rjcuinthdes . . . . . . . .



L. @ushejss rjcuinthdes . . . . .

(h) Nmbhehstrnthvj rjquhrjbjets . . . .

(hh) @urjnulrnly ldsts . . . . .

(hhh) \tnrthec n `ushejss . . . . .

(hv) Jxtrn pnybjets/`rh`js/nvdrhthsb . . . . .




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< Neeuni Pjpdrt


Nrbjehn86 86: 88 88: :


\ubbnry Pnthec Pnek)f

Nrjn . \hzj dg Cdvjrebjet

Nrjn . Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts

Nrjn . \duem Bdejy

Nrjn . Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy

Nrjn :. Pjcuinthde

Zenmoustjm\ubbnry Pnthecs Pnek)f 3. () 3. () 3.7 ()


Nrjn . \hzj dg Cdvjrebjet 3.3: 3.7 6.

N. Cdvjrebjet ldesubpthde . (.7) . (=.=7) . (.)

@. ]rnesjrs nem su`shmhjs . (7.7) . (3.73) . (3.:)

L. Cdvjrebjet jetjrprhsjs nem hevjstbjet . . . (6.:6)


(h) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj tnx rntj . . () . ()

(hh) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj nem pnyrdii tnx r ntj . . (7) . (7)

Nrjn . Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts :.:7 :.:7 :.6


@. Hbpnrthni ldurts . . .


M. Bhihtnry hetjrjrjelj he ruij d inw nem pdihthls . . .

J. Hetjcrhty d tfj ijcni systjb . . .





Nrjn . \duem Bdejy 8. 8.6 8.:

N. Bdejy crdwtf . (.) . (.6) . (-.8)

@. \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d hegnthde . (.=6) . (.) . (.=)

L. Hegnthde? bdst rjljet yjnr . (.7=) . (6.6) . (3.7:)

M. Grjjmdb td dwe drjhce lurrjely `nek nllduets . . .

Nrjn . Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy 3.6 3.7 3.8

N. ]nrhs . . .

(h) Pjvjeuj rdb trnmj tnxjs (% d trnmj sjltdr) . (.8:) . (.6) . (.)

(hh) Bjne tnrhg rntj . (.) . (.6) . (.6)

(hhh) \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d tnrhg rntjs . (=.) . (=.3) . (=.3)




L. @inlk-bnrkjt jxlfnecj rntjs . . .

M. Ldetrdis d tfj bdvjbjet d lnphtni nem pjdpij . . .


(hh) Lnphtni ldetrdis . . .


Nrjn :. Pjcuinthde . . .

N. Lrjmht bnrkjt rjcuinthdes . . .

(h) Dwejrsfhp d `neks . . .

(hh) Qrhvntj sjltdr lrjmht . . .(hhh) Hetjrjst rntj ldetrdis/ejcnthvj rjni hetjrjst rntjs . . .







(vh) Ldeslrhpthde . . .









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www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01>< J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb

Nustrhn86 86: 88 88: :


\ubbnry Pnthec Pnek)f 7. () 7. () 7.86 () 3.7 () 3.:: () 3.6 () 3.7 () 3.:6 ()

Nrjn . \hzj dg Cdvjrebjet . () . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Nrjn . Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts . () . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Nrjn . \duem Bdejy . () . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Nrjn . Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy . () . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Nrjn :. Pjcuinthde . () . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Zenmoustjm\ubbnry Pnthecs Pnek)f 7.: () 7.7 () 7.8: () 3. () 3.:: () 3.6: () 3.7 () 3.:8 ()


Nrjn . \hzj dg Cdvjrebjet . .: . .6 .33 :. .8 .88

N. Cdvjrebjet ldesubpthde . (=.6) . (:.) . (:.) . (7.3) . (:.67) . (=.==) . (7.7) . (:.3)

@. ]rnesjrs nem su`shmhjs . (.) . (.) . (.=) . (:.) . (7.==) . (7.36) . (8.36) . (6.88)

L . C dvjrebjet jetjrpr hsjs nem h evjstbjet . (==.:) . (=.) . (=.) . (=.) . (=.) . (:.) . (:.) . (=.:7)

M. ]dp bnrcheni tnx rntj . . . . . . . .

(h) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj tnx rntj . (7) . (7) . (:) . (:) . (:) . (:) . (:) . (:)

(hh) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj nem pnyrdii tnx r ntj . (7) . (77) . (77) . (:=) . (:=) . (:=)

Nrjn . Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts 6. 3.66 6.: 6.6: 8. 6.76 6.6 6.

N. Oumhlhni hemjpjemjelj . . . . .


L. Qrdtjlthde d prdpjrty rhcfts . . . . .







Nrjn . \duem Bdejy 6. 6. 8.7 8.:: 8.7 8.:: 8.7 8.:8

N. Bdejy crdwtf . (-.3) . (.) . (.78) . (:.8) . (=.) . (7.:) . (=.7) . (.3)

@. \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d hegnthde . (.8) . (.) . (.7) . (.36) . (.:) . (.) . (.7=) . (.7:)

L. Hegnthde? bdst rjljet yjnr . (:.) . (.6) . (.=:) . (.) . (.:) . (.) . (.6) . (.3)


Nrjn . Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy 7.63 7.8 3.7 6.6 8. 6.7 3.8 3.6:

N. ]nrhs . . . . . . . .

(h) Pjvjeuj rdb trnmj tnxjs (% d trnmj sjltdr) . (.3) . (.7) . (.3) . (.) . (.) . (.7) . (.::) . (.:)

(hh) Bjne tnrhg rntj . (.7) . (.) . (6.3) . (7.3) . (.=) . (.3) . (:.) . (:.)

(hhh) \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d tnrhg rntjs . (.) . (:.8) . (=.=) . (8.73) . (6.86) . (8.=)




























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Lfnptjr 0? Lduetry Mntn ]n`ijs J < J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb

@nfnbns86 86: 88 88: :


\ubbnry Pnthec Pnek)f 7.7 () 7. () 7. () 7. () 7.78 () 7.6: () 7.7: () 7.7 ()


Nrjn . Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Nrjn . \duem Bdejy . () . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()


Nrjn :. Pjcuinthde . () . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Zenmoustjm\ubbnry Pnthecs Pnek)f 7.6 () 7.: () 7.7 () 7. () 7.78 () 3. () 3. () 3. ()


Nrjn . \hzj dg Cdvjrebjet 6.: 6.3 6.: 6.8 3.38 6.7 6. 6.:

N. Cdvjrebjet ldesubpthde . (7.6:) . (7.:=) . (:.7) . (6.8) . (.=) . (6.=) . (3.3) . (3.:)

@. ]rnesjrs nem su`shmhjs . (.:) . (.) . (.) . (.) . (=.8) . (=.87) . (=.6) . (=.6)

L . C dvjrebjet jetjrpr hsjs nem h evjstbjet . (=.) . (=.) . (=.) . . . . .


(h) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj tnx rntj . () . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()

(hh) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj nem pnyrdii tnx r ntj . (:-8) . (:-8) . () . ()

Nrjn . Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts :.3 :.3 :.8 7.: 6.3 7.:3 7.7

N. Oumhlhni hemjpjemjelj . .


L. Qrdtjlthde d prdpjrty rhcfts . .



G. Ijcni jedrljbjet d ldetrnlts . .

C. Pjcuintdry rjstrhlthdes de snij d rjni prdpjrty . .

F. Pjihn`hihty d pdihlj

H. @ushejss ldsts d lrhbj

Nrjn . \duem Bdejy 7.: 7.6 3. 3.: 7.63 7.6 3. 3.

N. Bdejy crdwtf . (3.6=) . (.=) . (.6) . (.88) . (8.3=) . (7.8:) . (.=) . (.)

@. \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d hegnthde . (.:=) . (:.8) . (.3) . (.7) . (.8) . (.:3) . (.6) . (.3)

L. Hegnthde? bdst rjljet yjnr . (.) . (6.=7) . (.7) . (.6) . (.=) . (.:8) . (.=) . (.3)


Nrjn . Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy . .6 .73 . .87 7.3 7.6 7.

N. ]nrhs . . . . . . . .

(h) Pjvjeuj rdb trnmj tnxjs (% d trnmj sjltdr) . (6.) . (8.) . (8.7) . (.) . (8.:) . (6.38) . (6.8=) . (8.:)

(hh) Bjne tnrhg rntj . (8.6) . (.) . (:.) . (.) . (:.8) . (:.8)

(hhh) \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d tnrhg rntjs . (.8) . (3.:8) . (3.:8)

@. Pjcuintdry trnmj `nrrhjrs . .

(h) Ede-tnrhg trnmj `nrrhjrs

(hh) Ldbpihnelj ldsts d hbpdrthec nem jxpdrthec . .



(h) Gdrjhce dwejrsfhp/hevjstbjet rjstrhlthdes







@. In`dr bnrkjt rjcuinthdes . .

(h) Fhrhec rjcuinthdes nem bhehbub wncj . .

(hh) Fhrhec nem rhec rjcuinthdes

(hhh) Ljetrnihzjm ldiijlthvj nrcnhehec

(hv) Fdurs rjcuinthdes . .

(v) Bnemntjm ldst d wdrkjr mhsbhssni . .


L. @ushejss rjcuinthdes . .

(h) Nmbhehstrnthvj rjquhrjbjets

(hh) @urjnulrnly ldsts

(hhh) \tnrthec n `ushejss . .

(hv) Jxtrn pnybjets/`rh`js/nvdrhthsb

(v) Ihljeshec rjstrhlthdes . .

(vh) Ldst d tnx ldbpihnelj . .


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@necinmjsf86 86: 88 88: :


\ubbnry Pnthec Pnek)f .6 () .76 () .:3 () :.8 () 7. () 7.3 () 7. () 7. ()



Nrjn . \duem Bdejy . () . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()


Nrjn :. Pjcuinthde . () . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Zenmoustjm\ubbnry Pnthecs Pnek)f . () .7 () .: () :. () 7.3 () 7.6 () 7. () 7. ()


Nrjn . \hzj dg Cdvjrebjet . . 3. 3.73 6.3 6.7 6.6 6.6

N. Cdvjrebjet ldesubpthde . (7.6) . (:.8) . (=.6) . (:.) . (:.7) . (3.=) . (7.3) . (3.)

@. ]rnesjrs nem su`shmhjs . (.:) . (.8) . (.) . (.8)

L . C dvjrebjet jetjrpr hsjs nem h evjstbjet . (==.=) . (=7.7) . (=3.) . (=.) . (.) . (:.) . (.:=) . (.=)


(h) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj tnx rntj . (7) . (7) . (:) . (:) . (:) . (:) . (:) . (:)

(hh) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj nem pnyrdii tnx r ntj . (:) . (:) . (:) . (:) . (:) . (:)

Nrjn . Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts .: .7 . :. .3 .87 .7 .:7



L. Qrdtjlthde d prdpjrty rhcfts . . . .







Nrjn . \duem Bdejy .7 7. 7.8: 7. 3. 7.7: 7.6 7.8

N. Bdejy crdwtf . (=.67) . (.6) . (.68) . (.) . (=.7=) . (3.=) . (8.7) . (3.:6)

@. \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d hegnthde . (=.=) . (.) . (.) . (.6) . (.7) . (.6) . (.) . (.83)

L. Hegnthde? bdst rjljet yjnr . (.8) . (.3) . (=.63) . (7.3) . (.) . (3.=) . (6.) . (.3)


Nrjn . Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy .6 . . .8 :.3 :.33 7. 7.:

N. ]nrhs . . . . . . . .

(h) Pjvjeuj rdb trnmj tnxjs (% d trnmj sjltdr) . (.=) . (3.8) . (.) . (6.7) . (3.) . (6.6) . (7.:) . (:.:7)

(hh) Bjne tnrhg rntj . (88.8) . (67.) . (.) . (6.) . (.7) . (7.6) . (=.3) . (=.=)

(hhh) \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d tnrhg rntjs . (:.=) . (7.) . (.7) . (6.77) . (6.73) . (8.3)

@. Pjcuintdry trnmj `nrrhjrs . . . .

(h) Ede-tnrhg trnmj `nrrhjrs . . . .




(h) Gdrjhce dwejrsfhp/hevjstbjet rjstrhlthdes . . . .







@. In`dr bnrkjt rjcuinthdes . . . .

(h) Fhrhec rjcuinthdes nem bhehbub wncj . . . .

(hh) Fhrhec nem rhec rjcuinthdes . . . .

(hhh) Ljetrnihzjm ldiijlthvj nrcnhehec . . . .




L. @ushejss rjcuinthdes . . . .


(hh) @urjnulrnly ldsts . . . .

(hhh) \tnrthec n `ushejss . . . .

(hv) Jxtrn pnybjets/`rh`js/nvdrhthsb . . . .




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@jichub86 86: 88 88: :


\ubbnry Pnthec Pnek)f 3.7 () 3. () 3.: () 3. () 3.68 () 3.: () 3.: () 3.6 ()



Nrjn . \duem Bdejy . () . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()


Nrjn :. Pjcuinthde . () . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Zenmoustjm\ubbnry Pnthecs Pnek)f 3.: () 3. () 3.:7 () 3.8 () 3.68 () 3. () 3. () 3.7 ()


Nrjn . \hzj dg Cdvjrebjet .7 .7 .8 . .:3 . .88 .8

N. Cdvjrebjet ldesubpthde . (.::) . (.) . (6.) . (6.8) . (6.7) . (8.87) . (.8) . (.7)

@. ]rnesjrs nem su`shmhjs . (7.) . (3.7) . (:.) . (7.) . (.) . (=.33) . (6.8) . (8.)

L . C dvjrebjet jetjrpr hsjs nem h evjstbjet . (7.6) . (:.) . (3.) . (3.) . (.67) . (6.3) . (6.) . (6.8)


(h) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj tnx rntj . (37) . (37) . (::-7) . (:6-7=) . (:6-7.3) . (:-::) . (:-::) . (:-::)

(hh) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj nem pnyrdii tnx r ntj . (3) . (:6-7=) . (3) . (73-3) . (76-3) . (76-3)

Nrjn . Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts 3.6 3.66 6.: 3.: 6.8 7.83 3.6 3.

N. Oumhlhni hemjpjemjelj . . . . .


L. Qrdtjlthde d prdpjrty rhcfts . . . . .







Nrjn . \duem Bdejy 8.:6 8.:6 8.3 8.3 8.7 8.: 8.78 8.73

N. Bdejy crdwtf . (.) . (.) . (.3) . (.6:) . (=.=6) . (7.7) . (.:) . (.=)

@. \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d hegnthde . (.:7) . (.:8) . (.8:) . (.8) . (.6) . (.6) . (.=) . (.:)

L. Hegnthde? bdst rjljet yjnr . (=.6) . (7.:) . (.=) . (.73) . (.:=) . (.36) . (.8) . (.:)


Nrjn . Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy 8.73 8.3 8.8 8.3 8. 6.8 6. 6.

N. ]nrhs . . . . . . . .

(h) Pjvjeuj rdb trnmj tnxjs (% d trnmj sjltdr) . (.) . (.) . (.=) . (.=) . (.) . (.7) . (.::) . (.:)

(hh) Bjne tnrhg rntj . (6.6) . (3.:) . (3.=) . (7.3) . (.=) . (.3) . (:.) . (:.)

(hhh) \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d tnrhg rntjs . (3.) . (:.8) . (=.=) . (8.73) . (6.86) . (8.=)




























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@jehe86 86: 88 88: :


\ubbnry Pnthec Pnek)f :. () .86 () :.: () .8 () :.8 () :.:8 () :.3 () :.7 ()



Nrjn . \duem Bdejy . () . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Nrjn . Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy . () . () . () . ()

Nrjn :. Pjcuinthde . () . () . () . () . () . () . () . ()

Zenmoustjm\ubbnry Pnthecs Pnek)f .86 () .7 () :. () .73 () :.3 () :.88 () 7.8 () :.8: ()


Nrjn . \hzj dg Cdvjrebjet .73 .7 .3 . .3 3. 7.7 7.:

N. Cdvjrebjet ldesubpthde . (6.) . (:.:) . (.77) . (.:) . (=.76) . (7.) . (.=) . (.6)

@. ]rnesjrs nem su`shmhjs . (.) . (.6) . (.:)

L . C dvjrebjet jetjrpr hsjs nem h evjstbjet . (:.3) . (:.:) . (::.) . (7.) . (=.) . (:.=) . (=.=) . (7.:)

M. ]dp bnrcheni tnx rntj . .

(h) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj tnx rntj . (:) . (:)

(hh) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj nem pnyrdii tnx r ntj

Nrjn . Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts .73 .: . .7 . .88 .: .3





J. Hetjcrhty d tfj ijcni systjb . .





Nrjn . \duem Bdejy 7. 7. 7.:3 :.7 7.7 7.:7 7.6 7.68

N. Bdejy crdwtf . (6.8) . (.6) . (=.6) . (=.==) . (8.37) . (-3.8) . (7.:) . (=.36)

@. \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d hegnthde . (.:) . (7.68) . (=.7) . (.:=) . (.67) . (.38) . (.7=) . (.=)

L. Hegnthde? bdst rjljet yjnr . (.8) . (-=.66) . (7.) . (:.3) . (=.3) . (:.7) . (.) . (.3)


Nrjn . Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy .6 . :.63 :.8 :.67 :.3

N. ]nrhs . . . . . .

(h) Pjvjeuj rdb trnmj tnxjs (% d trnmj sjltdr) . (.7) . (3.8) . (.:) . (8.)

(hh) Bjne tnrhg rntj . (3.=) . (.) . (=.=) . (.8) . (.8)

(hhh) \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d tnrhg rntjs . (7.6=) . (7.36) . (7.36)












(hh) Qrhvntj sjltdr lrjmht . . . . . . . .(hhh) Hetjrjst rntj ldetrdis/ejcnthvj rjni hetjrjst rntjs . . . . . . .







(vh) Ldeslrhpthde . . . . . . .









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www.rjjtfjwdrim.ldb J www.rnsjrhesthtutj.drc J Grnsjr Hesthtutj 01>0


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=0 J Jldedbhl Grjjmdb d tfj Sdrim? 01>< Neeuni Pjpdrt


@dsehn nem Fjrzjcdvhen86 86: 88 88: :


\ubbnry Pnthec Pnek)f

Nrjn . \hzj dg Cdvjrebjet

Nrjn . Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts

Nrjn . \duem Bdejy

Nrjn . Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy

Nrjn :. Pjcuinthde

Zenmoustjm\ubbnry Pnthecs Pnek)f 7. () 7.:8 () 7.73 ()


Nrjn . \hzj dg Cdvjrebjet :.6 :.: :.

N. Cdvjrebjet ldesubpthde . (.=) . (.6) . (.36)

@. ]rnesjrs nem su`shmhjs . (7.=7) . (:.8) . (6.=)

L. Cdvjrebjet jetjrprhsjs nem hevjstbjet . (.6) . (3.8) . (=.3)


(h) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj tnx rntj . (:) . () . ()

(hh) ]dp bnrcheni heldbj nem pnyrdii tnx r ntj . (:) . (=3) . (=3)

Nrjn . Ijcni \ystjb nem Qrdpjrty Phcfts .:6 .:3 :.


@. Hbpnrthni ldurts . . .


M. Bhihtnry hetjrjrjelj he ruij d inw nem pdihthls . . .

J. Hetjcrhty d tfj ijcni systjb





Nrjn . \duem Bdejy 6. 6.3 6.8

N. Bdejy crdwtf . (.) . (.:6) . (-.33)

@. \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d hegnthde . (.3) . (.=7) . (.:)

L. Hegnthde? bdst rjljet yjnr . (.) . (.8) . (.73)

M. Grjjmdb td dwe drjhce lurrjely `nek nllduets . . .

Nrjn . Grjjmdb td ]rnmj Hetjrenthdeniiy 7.3: 3.:3 3.:

N. ]nrhs . . .

(h) Pjvjeuj rdb trnmj tnxjs (% d trnmj sjltdr) . (8.7) . (.) . (.)

(hh) Bjne tnrhg rntj . (3.) . (7.:) . (7.7)

(hhh) \tnemnrm mjvhnthde d tnrhg rntjs . (.77) . (6.=:) . (8.=)




L. @inlk-bnrkjt jxlfnecj rntjs . . .

M. Ldetrdis d tfj bdvjbjet d lnphtni nem pjdpij . . .


(hh) Lnphtni ldetrdis . . .


Nrjn :. Pjcuinthde . . .

N. Lrjmht bnrkjt rjcuinthdes . . .

(h) Dwejrsfhp d `neks . . .

(hh) Qrhvntj sjltdr lrjmht . . .(hhh) Hetjrjst rntj ldetrdi

Deutsche Zusammenfassung Economic Freedom 2013

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