Die Pflanzen der Inkas by Miguel Apaza Tapia

7/23/2019 Die Pflanzen der Inkas by Miguel Apaza Tapia

1/44

s}nz|t~doycplgmfebhuv`wjaks}nz|t~

oycplgmfebhuv`wjaks}nz|t~doycplgm

febhuv`wjaks}nz|t~doycplgmfebhuv`wjaks}nz|t~doycplgmfebhuv`wjaks}n

|t~doycplgmfebhuv`wjaks}nz|t~doyc

lgmfebhuv`wjaks}nz|t~doycplgmfebhu

`wjaks}nz|t~doycplgmfebhuv`wjak

s}nz|t~doycplgmfebhuv`wjaks}nz|t~

oycplgmfebhuv`wjaks}nz|t~doycplgm

febhuv`wjaks}nz|t~doycplgmfebhuv`w

jaks}nz|t~doycplgmfebhuv`wjaks}n

|t~doycplgmfebhuv`wjaks}nz|t~doyc


`wjaks}nz|t~doycplgmfebhuv`wjakz

t~doycplgmfebhuv`wjaks}nz|t~doycp


`wjaks}nz|t~doycplgmfebhuv`wjak

^ADWNZPD\\ GZ JOLNAB^H\^Z+]DNA

:939

B~zun Jnp`fzndj~am ndadmn }nadmnz jnbcaa|n

caldan B~h|~zyghcauna

Ldyh+Dam! Jcbb! \n`fa! Kdm~nh Cycuc \cydc

k d m ~ n h c z | n p


2/44

@ckdko ao fct( `ckdao pn fc`n ch calczNp mdj| bndank ]nm! Lna ]nm kc`f| kca jndk Hc~gna

Ca|oado Kc`fclo

: kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


3/44

DAFCH\WNZUND@FADP3! Ndahnd|~am >

:! Udnhpn|u~am 7

0! Kc|nzdch ~al Kn|foln 7

>! \zcld|doanhhn Baohhnayghcauna da lna Calna 30

7! Ldn Dabc ~al dfzn B~h|~zyghcauna 3>

S~da~c+ @fnaoyold~k s~daoc 36

Bcad}~c+ @fnaoyold~k ychhdld`chn 34

Bd}d`fc+ Ckczca|~p `c~lc|~p 34

\cz}d+ H~yda~p k~|cjdhdp :3

@o`okc+ Pohca~k s~d|onapn ::

H~ho+ Pohca~k s~d|onapn :0

Yde~cto+ Jc`|zdp mcpdycnp :

\~ac+ Oy~a|dc gd`~p dald`c :7

Ynydao+ Pohca~k k~zd`c|~k :=

@cdm~c+ @t`hca|fnzc ynlc|c :6

@chcjcuc+ @~`~zjd|c kop`fc|c :4

\okc|n ln zjoh+ @tyfokcalzc jn|c`nc 09

Ced+ @cypd`~k caa~~k 03

@fdhd+ @cypd`~k gz~|np`nap 0:

Cm~cen+ Kc~zd`dc ghnv~opc 00

Caoac jhca`c c`fdkca+ Caaoac ps~ckopc 0

@cdkd|o+ @fztpoyfthh~k `cdkd|o 07

@fzdkotc+ Caaoac `fnzdkodc 06

Mzcacldhhc+ Ycppdghozc hdm~hczdp 04

H~`~kc+ H~`~kc cjowc|c


4/44

=! P`fh~ppjn|zc`f|~amna


5/44

3!NDAHND\^AM

Ldn Yghcauna lnz Dabcp pdal enan Yghcauna( ldn da wdnhna f~alnz|na Ecfzna dfznz A~|u~am ca

lna bohomdp`fna Jnldam~amna lnp Calna zc~kna ~al ca ldn Jnlzgadppn lnz caldanaJc~nza oy|dkch camnycpp| }~zlna!

Ldn Dabc+B~h|~zna na|gch|n|na ndana nzp|c~ahd`f fofn Bznc|dwd|| ~al lcp ofan ldn lnzund| u~z

Wnzgm~am p|nfnaln Jdo+Fdmf+\n`faohomdn!

jnz Ecfz|c~pnaln fda}nm undm|na pdn ldn nzp|c~ahd`fn Gfdmbnd|( jnz mcau wnzp`fdnlnana

Jdo|tyna( ldn gz ldn en}ndhdmna Mnmnjnafnd|na ck jnp|na mnndman|n Poz|n c~pu~}fhna

ju}! u~ u`f|na!

Ldn bokyhnvna Cajc~ptp|nkn c~p yz+fdpycadp`fna Und|na pdal nda Nzmnjadp woa

Nzgcfz~amna( ]dppna( \zcld|doa( Yzdozd||ppn|u~am lnz caldana Jnwhbnz~am( ac|zhd`fna

P|caloz| ~al |n`fadp`fna Adwnc~ ~al ad`f| u~hn|u| lnz yohd|dp`fna ~al }dz|p`fcg|hd`fna

Jnldam~amna!

Ldn Hcal}dz|p`fcg| dk Dabcznd`f na|}d`bnh|n pd`f da knfznzna Zd`f|~amna! Ad`f| a~z lcp

jnzhnjna lnz ndaunhana Jc~nza }~zln mnpd`fnz|( poalnza c~`f mzon Acfz~ampwozz|n gz

Ao|und|na boaa|na camnhnm| }nzlna! ^amnc`f|n| lnz nv|znkna hcal}dz|p`fcg|hd`fna ~al

bhdkc|dp`fna Jnldam~amna( da lna Calna mnhcam np lna Calnajc~nza( lnk Jolna m~|n

Nz|zmn cju~zdamna!

Kd| ldnpnz Czjnd| }nzln d`f ndan b~zun Jnp`fzndj~am woa ndadmn }nadmnz jnbcaa|n caldan

B~h|~zyghcauna }dnlnzmnjna!

> kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


6/44

:!UDNHPN\UÂM

Udnh lnz Czjnd| dp| np kd| Kn|folna lnz nkydzdp`fna Gozp`f~am ~al kd| ndanz

Hd|nzc|~zpd`f|~am( ndadmn }nadmnz jnbcaa|n caldan B~h|~zyghcauna da lna Calna Ynz~p u~jnp`fzndjna!

0!KC\NZDCH ÂL KN\FOLN

Ac`f ndanz mnomzcyfdp`fna Jnp`fzndj~am nzgohm| ndan Pd`f|~am c~pmn}fh|nz Hd|nzc|~z!

MNOMZCGDN YNZ^P

Ynz~ jngdaln| pd`f da lnz Kd||n lnz ]np|bp|n lnp plcknzdbcadp`fna Boa|dana|p( u}dp`fna

993!:3>(7 Bk &ndap`fhdnhd`f lnz Dapnha ~al lna ynz~cadp`fna \ndh

lnp \d|d`c`c+Pnn$!

Ldn ynz~cadp`fn Ycudgdbbp|n dp| 0!9=4(> bk hcam ~al wnzp`fdnlnan ^k}nh|gcb|ozna gfzna

lcu~( lcpp lcp ynz~cadp`fn \nzzd|ozd~k nv|znkn mnomzcyfdp`fn ~al bhdkc|dp`fn

â|nzp`fdnln po}dn ndan nv|znkn fn|nzomnan Wnmn|c|doa ~al Gc~ac c~g}ndp|!

]CPPNZP\ZKN DK YCUDGDP@FNA OUNCA

Lnz Ynz~+ ju}! F~kjohl|+P|zok5 ghdn| yczchhnh u~z Bp|n( n|}c wok Una|z~k @fdhnp da

Zd`f|~am Aozl}np|na( jdp n|}c > plhd`fnz Jznd|n( gfz| bch|np ]cppnz ~al fc| ndan

C~plnfa~am woa `c! 399 Pnnkndhna!

Lnz s~c|ozdch+P|zok5 ghdn| woa Aozl}np|na da Zd`f|~am Plop|na jdp n|}c > plhd`fnz

Jznd|n( gfz| }czknp ]cppnz!

Jndln P|zk~amna |znggna pd`f n|}c da lnz Ffn lnp >! Mzclnp plhd`fnz Jznd|n ~al zd`f|na

pd`f u~pckkna da Zd`f|~am ]np|na c~p( po lcpp ndan Uoan kd||hnznz \nkynzc|~z na|p|nf|!

7 kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


7/44

LDN CALNA

Lcp ynz~cadp`fn \nzzd|ozd~k }dzl woa Aozlna jdp Plna l~z`f ndana Mnjdzmpu~m l~z`fs~nz|(

lnz chp plcknzdbcadp`fn |zoydp`fn Calna jnbcaa| dp|! Ldnpnp Mnjdzmn jnldam| ndan fofn

mnomzcyfdp`fn Fn|nzomnad|| lnp mcauna \nzzd|ozd~kp ~al dp| pnfz ~a|nzp`fdnlhd`f( u~k

Jndpydnh5 Dk Aozlna fcjna ldn Calna ndan mnzdamnzn Jznd|n ~al Ffn chp dk Una|z~k ~al dk

Plna lnp Hcalnp! U}dp`fna lna Mnjdzmpbn||na( ldn ldn \zoyopyfzn |dng l~z`flzdamna ~al

ndan ac|zhd`fn Jczzdnzn gz ]dal ~al Adnlnzp`fhmn lczp|nhhna( hdnmna ldn f`fp|na Jnzmn

&jnz 7999 k fo`f$!

Ldn }np|hd`fn Mnjdzmpbn||n dp| ldn ]cppnzp`fndln u}dp`fna lna Ndau~mpmnjdn|na da Zd`f|~am

]np|na &Ycudgdb$ ~al Op|na &Ckcuoadna+C|hca|db$! Ldn Gh`fnac~plnfa~am nzgohm| jnz lnas~c|oz jdp u~k 36 plhd`fnz Jznd|n!

AC\^ZZC^K YNZ^P

Lznd mzon Ac|~zz~kn }nzlna l~z`f ldn Calna mn|ndh|5

LDN BP\N

Pdn nzp|zn`b| pd`f }np|hd`f ~al yczchhnh u~k Jnzmhcal( woa Aozlna ac`f Plna ~al fc| ndan

Hamn woa 0!9=4(> bk! Ldn Bp|naznmdoa }dzl l~z f ndana ]p|nap|zndgna kd| ndanz

}n`fpnhalna Jznd|n woa >9 jdp 3>9 bk u}dp`fna Jnzmhcal ~al Ounca mnjdhln| ~al ~kgcpp|

a~z 39(7. lnp ynz~cadp`fna \nzzd|ozd~kp!

Ldnpn Uoan naln| da wnz|dbchnz C~pzd`f|~am da n|}c >99+=99k Ffn( da ndadmna Mnjdn|na

znd`f| pdn cjnz jdp `c! :999 k Ffn!

Ldn Bp|n nzfh| dfzna ]p|na`fczcb|nz c~gmz~al lnz Nda}dzb~am lnp F~kjohl|+P|zokp ~al

lnp plycudgdp`fna Fo`flz~`bmnjdn|np( ldn mnzdamna Adnlnzp`fhmn( kd||hnzn \nkynzc|~zna

&u}dp`fna 36 ~al :3 @$ ~al fofn H~g|gn~`f|dmbnd| &u}dp`fna 6>+47 .$! Dk Aozlna( }o lnz

s~c|ozdch+P|zok ~al ldn daanz|zoydp`fn H~g|p|zk~am }dzbna( mdj| np Adnlnzp`fhmn woa

l~z`fp`fad||hd`f >99 kk yzo Ecfz!

Woz chhnk dk Pokknz pdal ldn L~z`fp`fad||p|nkynzc|~zna ffnz &:: Ghppn( ldn ca lna ]np|famna lnz

Calna dfzna ^zpyz~am fcjna( l~z`fs~nzna ldn Bp|naznmdoa! Woa ldnpna Ghppna gfzna

= kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


8/44

enlo`f a~z 39 mcauefzdm mnamnal ]cppnz gz ndan hcal}dz|p`fcg|hd`fn A~|u~am! Ldn

mngfz|n ]cppnzknamn dp| woa lna Pokknzadnlnzp`fhmna da lna Jnzmna cjfamdm!

Ldn hcal}dz|p`fcg|hd`fna Cajc~mnjdn|n da lna >: Gh~pp|hnza ~kgcppna a~z n|}c 3: . lnz

yo|na|dnhhna Cajc~gh`fn! C~g ldnpna }dzl lnz mz|n \ndh lnz Cmzczyzol~b|doa

nz}dz|p`fcg|n|!

LCP JNZMHCAL

Ldn Calna ~kgcppna dapmnpck| 09(7 . lnp ynz~cadp`fna \nzzd|ozd~kp! Ldn kd||hnzna Calna

und`fana pd`f chp Ac|~zhcalp`fcg| l~z`f ndan Caf~g~am woa Nv|znkna c~p! U}dp`fna lnz

znmnahopna Bp|n ndanzpnd|p ~al lnk |zoydp`fna Znmna}chl calnznzpnd|p gdaln| pd`f da lnz

Bn||n lnz Calna kd| dfznk zcp`fna Ca+ ~al Cjp|dnm woa Knnznpadwnc~ c~g jnz 7999 k

Ffn ndan Pnzdn woa Hcalp`fcg|na( lnzna Ndmnacz| l~z`f ^a|nzp`fdnln da lnz

Poaanandap|zcfh~am( lnz p|czbna |mhd`fna \nkynzc|~zp`f}cab~amna( lnz ecfznpund|hd`fna

Gn~`f|dmbnd|p~a|nzp`fdnln ~al ndanz Ucfh woa ozomzcyfdp`fna Wnzp`fdnlnafnd|na jnp|dkk|

}dzl!

LCP BHDKC DA LNA CALNA

Ca bndanz P|nhhn lnz Nzln }ndp| lcp Bhdkc poh`fn bhndaz~kdmna ^a|nzp`fdnln c~g }dn dk

Jnznd`f lnz Calna! ]o np fnd pnda pohh|n( dp| bch| ~al oj}ofh ldnpnp hamp|n Mnjdzmn lnz

]nh| kd| lnz C~pacfkn pndanz plhd`fna \ndhn da @fdhn u}dp`fna lna ]nalnbzndpna ~al

lckd| dk |zoydp`fna Ndau~mpjnznd`f hdnm|( dp| lcp ]cppnz ad`f| |zoydp`f!

Lcp Mnjdzmn dp| }dn nda Johh}nzb ck }np|hd`fna Zcal lnp plcknzdbcadp`fna Boa|dana|p(

ndan Jczzdnzn gz Knnznpp|zk~amna ~al ]daludzb~hc|doana( ldn lcp Bhdkc dk }cfzp|na

Pdaan lnp ]oz|np ~khnabna &O\UNA( 3443$!



9/44

BOHOMDN DA LNA CALNA

Y~hmcz Wdlch &347=$ ~a|nzp`fndln| mz~alp|uhd`f u}dp`fna c`f| wnzp`fdnlnana Hcalp`fcg|na5

@FCHC OLNZ BP\N

Ldnpn acfnu~ znmnagzndn Uoan znd`f| jdp da ndan Ffn woa `c! >99 k! Pdn und`fan| pd`f l~z`f

Pcal}p|na c~p( ldn a~z l~z`f ldn c~p lna Calna fnzcjghdnnalna( da lna Ycudgdb

kalnalna Ghppn kd| dfznz gnzwnmn|c|doa ~a|nzjzo`fna }nzlna!

KCZD\DKN T^AMC

Chp T~amc }nzlna da S~n`f~c &daldmnan Pyzc`fn$ ldn }czkna \hnz ~al P`fh~`f|na da

Ffna woa >99 jdp :099 k jnund`fan|! Ad`f| chhnda ldn ]zkn( poalnza c~`f lnz kd| lnk

Fofna u~anfknaln Adnlnzp`fhcm bnaaund`fan| ldnpnp Mnjdn|! C~`f fdnz dp| ldn Wnmn|c|doa

kndp| fchj}p|nacz|dm( a~z da Gh~pp~gnzafn kczd|dk!

S^N@F^C

Pdn hdnm| n|}c u}dp`fna :099 ~al 0>99 k Pnnffn! Ldn Uoan dp| mnbnaaund`fan| l~z`f nda

mnkdm|np Bhdkc( p|czbna \cm+ ~al Ac`f||nkynzc|~z~a|nzp`fdnlna ~al l~z`f kd||hnzn

Adnlnzp`fhcmpknamna ldn jnpoalnzp da lna ffnzna Hcmna lna C`bnzjc~ ofan Jn}ppnz~am

nzkmhd`fna!

P^AD

Lcp po jnund`fan|n Mnjdn| hdnm| da ndanz Ffn woa 0>99 jdp


11/44

Cjjdhl~am 35 bohomdp`fnp Hcalp`fcg|pyzogdh woa Ynz~ &Cycuc \cydc K!(:994$



12/44

Lcp \cf~ca|dap~t~( lcp Znd`f lnz wdnz Wdnz|nh( nzp|zn`b|n pd`f hamp lnp Ycudgdbp woa lnz

Aozlmznaun lnp fn~|dmna Nb~clozp jdp u~k Kc~hn+Gh~pp da Una|zch`fdhn! Lnz @fzoadp| Kcz|dalnz KOZ^C p`fzdnj5

Kca bcaa ad f| hn~mana( lcpp ldn Daldcanz jndk yohd|dp`fna Znmdnzna ndanp po

c~pmnlnfa|na Znd`fnp c~nzozlna|hd`f bh~m mnp`fd`b| }czna

^al lnz Pycadnz Ynlzo ln hc @dnuc ln Hna( lnz ca lnz Nzojnz~am lnp Hcalnp |ndhacfk(

p`fzdnj2 np jnlczg mzonz ]ndpfnd|( ~k po wdnhn Ac|doana u~ znmdnzna( ldn pd`f da Pyzc`fn(

Mnpn|u ~al Znhdmdoa po bhcz woandacalnz ~a|nzp`fndlna &POZDCAO( 344=$!

Lcp Znd f lnz Dabc ~kgcpp|n lcp dk Plop|na mnhnmnan @OHHCP^T^ lcp anjna lnk

Ch|dyhcao( ldn ~k lna \d|d`c`c+Pnn mnhnmnana Fo`fnjnan ~al }nd|n \ndhn lnp lnzund|dmna

Johdwdna!

Zdnpdmn Mnjdn|n Plynz~p ~al Aozl`fdhnp po}dn lnz aozl}np|hd`fn Udygnh woa Czmna|dadna

ufh|na njnagchhp u~ ldnpnk Wdnz|nh lnp Znd`fnp!

Dk Aozlna p`fhopp pd`f CA\DP^T^ ca! Loz| gdnhna ldn jn}chln|na Ghcabna lnz Calna u~k

Ckcuoacpjn`bna cj!

Lcp bhndan @OA\DP^T^ u~ lnk lnz mz|n \ndh lnz una|zchynz~cadp`fna Bp|n mnfz|n( hcm dk

Pl}np|na!

@FDA@FCP^T^ dk Aozlna( lcp ac`f `ohhcp~t~ u}nd|mz|n Wdnz|nh( ~kgcpp|n Aozlynz~ ~al

Nb~cloz!

Enlnp P^T^ }cz }dnlnz~k da ndan Zndfn woa Yzowdauna ~a|nzp`fdnlhd`fnz Mzn( ldn

F^CKCADP ~a|nz|ndh|! Ldnpn mhdnlnz|na pd`f da u}nd olnz lznd bhndanzn \nzzd|ozdna( ldn PCTCP(

ldn c~p ndanz Zndfn woa CTHH^P Mnkndalna jnp|calna!

3: kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


13/44

>!\ZCLD\DOANHHN BAOHHNAYGHCAUNA DA

LNA CALNA

Da Calnazc~k }~zlna ~al }nzlna ndadmn }nadmnz jnbcaa|n caldan B~h|~zyghcauna &`~h|dwop

caldaop$ b~hd|wdnz|! @~h|dwop Caldaop pdal enan Yghcauna( ldn da wdnhna f~alnz|na Ecfzna dfznz

A~|u~am ca ldn bohomdp`fna Jnldam~amna lnp Calnazc~kna ~al ca ldn Jnlzgadppn lnz

caldana Jc~nza oy|dkch camnycpp| }~zlna!

O@C &OVCHDP \^JNZOPC$

C~g Fofna u}dp`fna 0>99 jdp . ]ndunaknfh jndmnknam| }nzlna! C~`f jnd lnz \oz|n+ ~al

Bnbpfnzp|nhh~am bcaa O`cknfh ndmnpn|u| }nzlna!

OHH^@O &^HH^@^P \^JNZOP^P$

Ohh~ò }dzl }dn O`c n|}cp gzfnz chp ldn Bcz|oggnh mnyghcau| ~al jzdam| ac`f ndanz

Wnmn|c|doapynzdoln woa 7+= Koac|n :9+09|/fc Nz|zcm!

Ohh~ò dp| ndan |zcld|doanhhn Baohhnayghcaun lnz Calna( c~`f ycyc hdpc mnacaa|! \zo|u lnp

mnzdamna Afz}nz|np( lnz mnzdamna Nz|zmn ~al lnp gclna Mnp`fkc`bp dp| lnz Cajc~ }nd|

wnzjznd|n| ~al ldn Baohhna fcjna ck Kczb| mznzn Cbuny|cau chp ldn lnz O`c!

Ohh~ò }dzl da ndanz Pnnffn woa 0999 jdp


14/44

Ldn U~jnznd|~am gz Ohh~ò dp| wdnhgh|dm! Ldn Yghcauna gdalna c~`f da lnz |zcld|doanhhna

Fndhb~aln Wnz}nal~am! Woz lnk Bo`fna kppna ldn Baohhna knfzkchp mn}cp`fna }nzlna(

~k lna na|fch|nana Jd||nzp|ogg u~ na|gnzana! Ohh~ò bcaa }dn ldn Jd||nzbcz|oggnh kd| lnk

Yzounpp lnp Mngzdnz|zo`banap wnzczjnd|n| }nzlna!

DPCAO &\ZOYFCNOH^K \^JNZOP^K$

Hd|nzc|~z jnz Dpcao dp| jndacfn ad`f| wozfcalna! Lcp Fc~y|cajc~mnjdn| hdnm| da lnz Y~ac(

}o da lnz Znmnh da lna Gnhlnza wnzp`fdnlnan Baohhnagz`f|n mnyghcau| }nzlna! Ac`f ndanz

Wnmn|c|doapynzdoln woa =(6 Koac|na }nzlna Nz|zmn jdp 09|/fc nzudnh|( dpcao }dzl }dn

calnzn |zcld|doanhhn Baohhnayghcaun wnz}naln|!

YCYC CKCZMC &POHCA^K EÛNY@U^BDD$

Ldn Jd||nzbcz|oggnh c~`f ycyc ckczmc( z~bd olnz h~bd mncaa|( na|fh| Chbchodln( ldn dfz lna

jd||nzna Mnp`fkc`b wnzhdnf| ~al gz lna Knap`fna |ovdp`f dp|!

Ldn Baohhna pdal da lnz ojnzna Y~ac enlo`f nda }d`f|dmnp Acfz~ampkd||nh! Lnz Cajc~ lnz

Yghcaun dp| da ldnpnz Znmdoa }nd| wnzjznd|n|( lc pdn c~`f ao`f c~g nv|znkna P|caloz|na m~|

mnlndf|! Pdn wnz|zm| m~| |dngn \nkynzc|~zna ~al Gzop|! Ldn Nz|zmn pdal fo`f!

]nmna lnp Chbchodlmnfch|np bcaa ldn Baohhn ad`f| ldznb| mnaoppna }nzlna( poalnza

nzgozlnz| woz lnk Boap~k ndan pynudnhhn caldan Wnzczjnd|~amp|n`faohomdn!

3< kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


15/44

7!LDN DABC ^AL DFZN B^H\^ZYGHCAUNA

FOZBFNDKNZ &3474$ nzp|nhh|n ndan Hdp|n woa kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


16/44

\cjnhhn 35 B~h|dwdnz|n Afz+ ~al Mna~ppyghcauna dk Wozpycadp`fna Ynz~

MZ^YYN

JNANAÂM

WOHBP\KHD@FN ]DPPNAP@FCG\HD@FN JNUND@FA! S^N@F^C

MN\ZNDLN

Kcdp Unc kctp Pczc

S~da~c @fnaoyold~k s~daoc Bda~c

@cadf~c @fnaoyold~k ychhdld`chhn Scac}d

C`fd|c Ckczca|f~p c~lc|~p s~d}d`fc

F^HPNAGZ@F\N

Gzdeoh &Jofan$ Yfcpnoh~p w~hmczdp Y~z~|~

Yozo|o &Jofan$ @cacwchdc napdgozkdp Y~z~|~

Ychhcz &Jofan$ @cawchdc h~ac|~p ychhcz

Kcad &Nzla~pp$ Czc`fdp ftyomcnc Da`fdp

@fo`fo &H~ydan$ H~yda~p k~|cjdhdp \cz}d

BAOHHNAGZ@F\N

â`~`fc Vca|fopokc py! ~a`~`fc

C`fdzc @caac nl~hdp c`fdzc

Eds~dkc Yc`ftzzfdu~p py! cedyc

O`c Ovchdp |~jnzopn osc

Kcpf~c \zoycnoh~k |~jnzop~k Chhc~p~( ca~

Czzc`c`fc Czzc`c`dc vca|fozfduc Zc``c`fc

T~``c &Kcadob$ Kcadfo| ~|dhdppdkc Z~kc

Ycyc &bcz|oggnh$ Pohca~k |~jnzop~k Ycyc( cbpf~

@cko|n&Pbcz|oggnh$

Dyokonc jc|c|cp cyd`f~

^hh~ò( ycychdpc ^hh~`~p |~jnzop~p ~hh~b~

Tcòa Yohtkadc poa`fdgohdc tcboa



17/44

\cjnhhn :5 B~h|dwdnz|n Afz+ ~al Mna~ppyghcauna dk Wozpycadp`fna Ynz~

MZ^YYNJNANAAÂM

WOHBP\KHD@F

]DPPNAP@FCG\HD@FN

JNUND@FAÂM S^N@F^C

ZNDUKD\\NH @o`c Nzt|zovth~k o`c ò`c

MN]ZUN

Ycdò @fnaoyold~k ynz~wdca~k ycdbo

Ced @cypd`~k caa~~k `fda`f~`fo

Zoò|o @cypd`~k y~jnp`nap zobo|oF~c`c|cd \cmn|np kda~|c }cbc|ct

BZJDP

ÂL

MNKPN

Ucychho @~`~zjd|c ynyo Pcychh~

@chcjcuc @~`~zjd|c kopfc|c Hcbc}d|d

@chcjcuc Hcmnaczdc Ca`czc

@cdm~c @t`hca|fnzc yclc|c C`fo``fcPn`cac Pd`cac olozdgnzc Pd`cac\okc|n Htòynzpd`~k ynz~wdca~k Ycòa`c

GZ@F\N

@fzdkotc Caaoac fnzdkohdc Kcpc

M~cacjcac Caaoac k~zd`c|c Kcpcpckjc

Ych|c Ynzpnc cknzd`cac Ych|cd

Yc`cn( m~cwc Damc gn~dhnd Ycsct

Mzcacldhhc Ycppdghozc hdm~zchdp B~z~kb~\~kjo Ycppdghozc kohhdppdkc \~kycbc

Ydac Cacap pc|dw~p C`f~ychhc

M~ctcjc Ypdld~k m~ctcwc Pc}da|~H~`~kc H~`~kc cjowc|c Z~skc

Ucyo|n C`fzcp pyo|c

Ynydao Pohca~k k~zd`c|~k bc`fca@dz~nhc J~a`fopdc czknadc`c c~pkc

Yhc|aco K~pc yczcldpdc`c

S^DA^C

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 @fnaoyold~k s~daoc

Gckdhdn5 @fnaoyoldc`ncn

S~da~c dp| nda ndaefzdmnp |cman~|zchnp Ypn~lo`nznch woa >9+3>9 `k Ffn( lcp pd`f wnzu}ndm|

~al ld`bhd fn zfokjdp`fn Jh||nz jnpd|u|! Da c~gzn`f|na |nzkdachna Daghoznpunauna kd|

ba~nhdm mnlzam|na \ndhjh|nap|alna |zm| pdn gagufhdmn Jh|na &zo|( mza( hdhc( mnhj$ kd|

ndagc`fnk Ynzdca|f ~al ojnzp|aldmnk Gz~`f|bao|na( lnz pd`f ac`f Pnhjp|jnp|~j~am u~

ndanz : kk ld`bn A~pp na|}d`bnh| c~`f woa wnzp`fdnlnana Gczjna &}nd( mzc~( zopc$!

3= kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


18/44

Ldn Bzanz na|fch|na jd||nz p`fkn`bnaln Pcyoadan! Np mdj| wdnhn Cz|na }dn u!J! Pceckc(

@fn}n`c( Ckczdhhc ln Kczcamca( Aczdao jhca`c t Zopclc ln E~ada &ZNYO( 3464$!

Ldn Yghcauna wnz|zcmna Gzop| po}dn Lzzn ~al mnlndfna po}ofh da Bp|na Mnjdn|na chp c~`f

c~g +39 l|/fc( lo`f }nzlna ~a|nz map|dmna

Jnldam~amna 09+9+7: . P|zbn( . ]ndunaknfh!

Ldn Jh||nz }nzlna chp Mnkpn wnzunfz|( ldn c~pmnlzop`fnana Yghcauna }nzlna wnzjzcaa|(

~k ldn chbchdznd`fn Cp`fn u~ mn}daana2 ldnpn nzmdj| kd| ]cppnz mnkdp`f| ndana Jznd( lna

kca u~k Bcbcbc~na jna|dm|!



19/44

Cjjdhl~am :5 S~da~cYghcaun &Jna+Nzdb wca ]tb( :99>$

BCAD]C

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 @fnaoyold~k ychhdld`c~hn

Gckdhdn5 @fnaoyoldc`ncn

Ldn Bcad}c dp| c~`f nda P|zbnhdngnzca| }dn S~da~c( cjnz bhnda( a~z :>+79 `k fo`f ~al dp| da

chhna \ndhna bhndanz chp S~da~c2 p|dkk| cjnz kd| dfz Fcjd|~p jnznda! Pdn mnlndf| enlo`f ao`f

da Hcmna jdp u~ >9 k Ffn!

Ldn Gz~`f| dp| owch ~al 3+3(: kk L~z`fknppnz ~al woa jzc~an olnz p`f}czun Gczjn! Bcad}c

na|fh| bndan Pcyoadan( lcl~z`f }dzl pdn ldznb| chp Knfh &mnzp|n|$ chp bcad}c`o wnzunfz|!

U~k Jzo|jc`bna ndman| pd`f c~`f lcp Knfh woa Bcad}c !

BD]D@FC

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 Ckczca|f~p c~lc|~p

Gckdhdn5 Ckczca|fc`ncn &G~`fpp`f}cau$



20/44

Ldn Bd}d`fc( ndaefzdm( jdp u~ :(79 k fofna Yghcauna( |zcmna u~k \ndh znhc|dw mzon Jh||nz

~al jdhlna |nzkdachn kd| wnzu}ndm|n fzdm+ba~nhdm( kndp| u!\! jnzfamnaln Daghoznpunauna

&jdp u~ 49 `k nzznd`fna bcaa$!

Cjjdhl~am 05 Bd}d`fcyghcaun &Jz|nhp( 3440$

Pdn pdal ndaf~pdm( kd| kaahd`fna Jh|na ca lnz Jcpdp ~al }ndjhd`fna ca lnz Pyd|un lnz

Jh|nap|aln olnz kd| kaahd`fna ~al }ndjhd`fna \ndhjh|nap|alna wnzpnfna!

Ldn Jh|na yzpna|dnzna wnzp`fdnlnana Gczjna &zo|( fnhhzo|( mnhj( zopc( n|`! $ ~al jnpd|una nda

ndagc`fnp( 0+> ufhdmnp Ynzdca|f kd| 0+> P|c~jjh||nza ju}! kd| ndank c~p kndp| 0

Gz~`f|jh||nza wnz}c`fpnana ojnzp|aldmna Gz~`f|bao|na!

Ldn Gz~`f| dp| z~al( jz~ahd`f olnz p`f}czu( 3+3(> kk ld`b! Bd}d`fc mnlndf| da Ffna

u}dp`fna 3>99+0>99 k! Ldn Nz|zmn hdnmna u}dp`fna 7>9+0


21/44

Wnz}nal~am5 }fznal ldn Bzanz }dn Zndp mnbo`f| olnz mnzp|n| olnz chp Ghclnajzo|

mnjc`bna }nzlna( ldnan ldn Jh||nz ~al Pyzoppc`fpna &hn|u|nzn og| }dn Pyczmnh u~jnznd|n|$

chp pydac|cz|dmnp Mnkpn!

Ldn Pckna na|fch|na 3: . ]cppnz( 39+79 . P|zbn( 3< . Gn|| &kd| 0< . h+

~al 0= . Hdaohp~zn$( 0 . Zof gcpnz ~al 0(0 . Cp`fn!

Lc lnz Mnfch| ca Pcyoadana pnfz adnlzdm dp|( nzjzdm pd`f( ndan Na|jd||nz~am woz lnk Wnzunfz!

Ac`f|ndhdm dp| lnz znhc|dw fofn Ad|zc|mnfch|( lc ldn Mc||~am u~ lna ad|zoyfdhna Yghcauna ufh|!

U~ lna Bzanzckczca|fna ufhna ~a|nz calnzna5 C! ftyo`foalzdc`~p da Knvdbo( C! `z~na|~p

da M~c|nkchc!

\CZ]D

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 H~yda~p k~|cjdhdp

Gckdhdn5 Hnm~kdaopcn

\cz}d dp| ndan ndaefzdmn( c~gzn`f|n( wnzu}ndm|n( p|zc~`fdmn( jdp 3(> k fofn Yghcaun! Ldn

Yghcauna mnlndfna c~g kd||hnzn( }nadm |dngna afzp|oggznd`fna Jlna ~al da 0999 k Ffn

Hcmna!

Ldn Gz`f|n( pdal wdnhpckdmn &


22/44

Cjjdhl~am $

\cjnhhn 05 U~pckknapn|u~am ~al Afzp|oggn woa \cz}d &Znyo+@czzcp`o( 3446$

P~jp|cau Knamn

]cppnz 74(=m

Nd}nd 33(7m

Gn||n 6(7m

Bofhnaftlzc|n 4(7m

Gcpnz >(:m

Cp`fn 9(7m

Bchud~k 370km

Yfopyfoz 3:0km

Ndpna 3(


23/44

Gckdhdn5 Ac`f|p`fc||namn}`fpn &Pohcac`ncn$

Pycadp`fn Ackn5 @oòac &Ynz( @ohokjdc$( \oydzo &Wnanu~nhc$

Namhdp`fn Ackn5 @oòac

Ldn @oòac dp| acfn kd| lnz H~ho wnz}cal|! Dk Mnmnapc|u u~ ldnpnz( }nh`fn ndan |zoydp`fn

Mnjdzmpyghcaun dp|( p|ckk| ldn @oòac c~p lnk Ghc`fhcal lnp Ckcuoacpmnjdn|p ~al

jnwozu~m| loz| ~gnz acfn P|caloz|n! Pdn }`fp| c~g kcppdwna P|c~lna( ldn pnh|na jnz 3 k

fo`f }nzlna! Ldn Yghcaun dp| ld`f| jnfccz| ~al ldn Jh||nz fcjna ndana L~z`fknppnz woa `c!

0 `k

Ldn Gz`f|n pdal jnfccz|( ozcamn mngzj| ~al nzznd`fna ndana kcvdkchna L~z`fknppnz woa39 `k! Lcp Gz~`f|ghndp`f dp| camnanfk czokc|dp`f ~al jnln~|nal }nadmnz pc~nz chp lcp lnz

H~ho! Ldn @oòkc }dzl woa lna Ndafndkdp`fna chp ndan lnz jnp|n Gz`f|n mnhoj|!

H^HO

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 Pohca~k s~d|onapn

Gckdhdn5 Pohcac`ncn &Ac`f|p`fc||namn}`fpn$

Pycadp`fn Ackn5 H~ho &Ynz~$( Aczcaedhhc &Pycadna$( H~ho ln @cp|dhhc &Boh~kjdna$

Namhdp`fn Ackn5 N`~clozp Aczcaedhhc

Ldn H~ho }`fp| da gn~`f|na Jnzmmnjdn|na u}dp`fna 3999 ~al :999 k! Ck f~gdmp|na bokk|

pdn da lna azlhd`fna Halnza Plcknzdbcp woz! Pdn gdaln| pd`f fn~|n }nh|}nd| da wdnhna

|zoydp`fna ~al p~j|zoydp`fna Halnza!

H~hop }c`fpna c~g jdp u~ 0k fofna( knfzefzdmna( p|czb wnzfohunalna P|c~lna( ldn pd`f

p|czb wnzu}ndmna! Ldn Jh||nz pdal ndalz~`bpwohh! Ldn Jhc||zdyyna pdal wdohn|| zo|( }cp ndana

p`fana Boa|zcp| u~ lnk Mza lnz Jh||nz mdj|! Ldn Jh|na pd|una da Mz~yyna u~ knfznzna

ck P|ckk olnz ca lna Fc~y|wnzu}ndm~amna!

Ldn Gz`f|n pdal dk zndgna U~p|cal mnhjozcamn( z~al( kd| ndank L~z`fknppnz woa : jdp 6 `k(

en ac`f Poz|n! Ndan Jnpoalnzfnd| ldnpnz Gz`f|n dp|( lcpp dfzn Ojnzgh`fn kd| gndana pyd|una

:0 kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


24/44

Fcczna jnln`b| dp|! Lcp Gz~`f|ghndp`f dp| mnhj jdp mza ~al nzdaanz| dk C~gjc~ p|czb ca lcp

lnz \okc|na! Lcp Ghndp`f lnz H~hop dp| udnkhd`f pc~nz( enlo`f da pnfz camnanfknz ]ndpn!

Ldnpn Ndmnap`fcg| dp| lnz Mz~al( }cz~k ldn H~ho chp Gz~`f| gz Nzgzdp`f~ampmn|zabn lnzund|

u~anfknaln Wnzjznd|~am gdaln|!

YDE^CTO

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 Jc`|zdp mcpdycnp

Gckdhdn5 Ychkc`ncn Ygdzpd`fychkgz~`f|

Pycadp`fn Ackn5 Yde~cto &Ynz~$( @oa|clnzo &Boh~kjdna$( Ynedjctn &Ycackc$

Namhdp`fn Ackn5 Ynedjctn( Ync`f ychk

Ldn Ygdzpd`fychkn bokk| da Kd||nhcknzdbc ~al Aozl|ndh Plcknzdbcp woz! Ldn n|}c > jdp 7

`k mzona Gz`f|n( pdn famna da \zc~jna woa jdp u~ 399 P|`b ck Jc~k( jnpd|una nda

p|zbnfch|dmna Gz~`f|ghndp`f( lcp gz ldn Daldcanz pnd| Ecfzf~alnz|na ndan }d f|dmn

Bofhnaftlzc|s~nhhn lczp|nhh|!

Cjjdhl~am >5 Yde~ctoyghcaun &Jna+Nzdb wca ]tb( :99>$

:< kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


25/44

\^KJO PNZZCAO

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 Ycppdghozc kohhdppdkc

Gckdhdn5 Ycppdghozc`ncn &Ycppdoapjh~knamn}`fpn$

Pycadp`fn Ackn5 \~kjo pnzzcao( \cp`o &Ynz~$( Ycz`fc &Wnanu~nhc$ \da|da &c~g S~n`f~c$

Namhdp`fn Ackn5 Jcacac ycppdoa gz~d|

Pdn dp| ndan Bhn||nzyghcaun( ldn pd f hdcanacz|dm knfznzn Kn|nz ca calnzna Yghcauna

nkyozzcab| ~al Ffnahcmna woa 3>99 jdp :>99 k jnwozu~m|! Ldn Jh|na pdal zopc jdp bzg|dm

wdohn|| zo|! Ldn Gz`f|n pdal jdp `c! 39 `k hcam ~al fcjna ndana L~z`fknppnz woa jdp u~ 0

`k! Pdn pdal dk Mnmnapc|u u~ lna calnzna Ycppdoapgz~`f|cz|na+jcacanafahd`f hamhd`f! Ldn

Gczjn lnz Gz`f|n dp| kndp| jhcpp mnhj! Np mdj| enlo`f c~`f zo|n Poz|na! ^a|nz lnz znhc|dw

laana P`fchn jngdaln| pd`f lcp mnhjn jdp ozcamngczjdmn Gz~`f|ghndp`f( lcp l~z f ldn

Pcknaka|nh wdnhnz Bnzan mnjdhln| }dzl! Lnz Mnp`fkc`b dp| camnanfk pc~nz! Lcfnz }nzlna

\~kjop Pnzzcaop da nzp|nz Hdadn u~z Pcg|fnzp|nhh~am wnzczjnd|n|!

Cjjdhl~am 75 \~kjo Pnzzcao &Jna+Nzdb wca ]tb( :99>$

:> kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


26/44

\^AC

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 Oy~a|dc gd`~p dald`c

Gckdhdn5 @c`|c`ncn &Bcb|na$

Namhdp`fn Ackn5 Yzd`bht yncz( \~ac

Kd| pndana owch+p`fndjnagzkdmna( jdp >9 `k hcamna ~al :9 `k jznd|na( p~bb~hna|na Pyzopp

mhdnlnza jdhln| lnz Gndmnabcb|~p c~phclnal wnzu}ndm|n( jdp u~ >k fofn Jp fn! Lnz

Jh|napyzopp p`f}dhh| ac`f lnz Jnp|~j~am u~ ndanz ndgzkdmna olnz owchna( >+39 `k hcamna

~al jdp 7 `k jznd|na( c~na }dn daana mzahd`fmnhjna olnz ozcamn+ jdp }ndazo|na Jnnzn ca(

ldn da ndank z~alna( ndamnpnab|na Acjnh naln|( f~gdm kd| Lozana jnpn|u! Cajc~ ~al Nza|n5\~ac }dzl :7czlna:7dwn c~p P|n`bhdamna wnzknfz| ~al wnz}dhlnza da mnndman|na Bhdkc|na

hnd`f|! Ldn Gz`f|n :7czlna b~zu woz olnz u~z Zndgn mnnza|n|2 pdn pdal lz~`bnkygdalhd f(

ndadmn und| hcmnzgfdm ~al zndgna jnd Udkknz|nkynzc|~z ac`f! Wnz}nal~am5 zndgn Gz`f|n

:7czlna zof chp Ojp| wnzunfz! Pdn na|fch|na Ovchc|bzdp|chhn( ldn c~g lnz U~amn hnd f|np

Jznaana wnz~zpc`fna! Ldn p~bb~hna|na Pyzoppn :7czlna ac`f Na|gnzana lnz Lozana mnbo`f|

chp Mnkpn mnmnppna! Ldn Yghcaun }dzl f~gdm chp hnjnalnz Uc~a mnyghcau|!

Cjjdhl~am =5 \~acyghcaun kd| Gz~`f| &Jnab+Nzdb wca ]tb( :99>$



27/44

\cjnhhn 6km

]cppnz 6:(0km

Nd}nd 9(4kmBofhnaftlzc|n 3>(0km

Gcpnz 0(6km

Cp`fn 3(6km

Bchud~k 37km

Yfopyfoz :7km

Ndpna 9(0km

Bczo|da 9(93km

Wd|ckda J3 9(93km

Wd|ckda J: 9(90km

Wd|ckda @ 30(9km

YNYDAO

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 Pohca~k k~zd`c|~k


Pycadp`fn Ackn5 Ynydao( ynydao l~h`n( Kc|cpnzzcao &Ynz~$( Vc`f~k c~g S~n`f~c

Namhdp`fn Ackn5 Knhoa yncz( ynydao

Ynydao dp| nda c~plc~nzalnp( ck Mz~al wnzfohu|np( p`fhcggnp( og| adnlnzhdnmnalnp Bzc~| woa

jdp u~ 3k mzo!

:= kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


28/44

Cjjdhl~am 65 Ynydaogz~`f| ~al Yghcaun &Calzncp Jz|nhp( 3440$

Ldn Ynydao+Gz~`f| dp| ndan ndgzkdmn( z~aln olnz owchn Jnnzn woa 39+3> `k mzo! Lcp

fnhhmnhjn( }nd`fn( pnfz pcg|dmn( pn Gz~`f|ghndp`f p`fkn`b| ac`f Knhoan olnz Jdzan!

Cajc~ ~al Nza|n5 Ynydao }dzl da lna \zoyna wok kd||hnzna Jnzmhcal jdp da Ffna woa

Koac|n ac`f lnk Pn|una ~al bcaa pd`f jnz

knfz chp : Ecfzn nzp|zn`bna!

Wnz}nal~am5 Kndp| ofan P`fchn zof chp Ojp| mnmnppna( kca`fkch mnbo`f| chp Mnkpn

u~jnznd|n| olnz u~ Kczknhcln wnzczjnd|n|!

Lnz Afz}nz| woa Ynydao dp| p`f}c`f( np na|fh| knfz ]cppnz &4: .$ ~al = .

Bofhnaftlzc|n( cjnz |zo|ulnk pnfz jnhdnj| chp Mna~gz~`f|!

@CDM^C

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 @t`hca|fnzc ynlc|c

Gckdhdn5 @~`~zjd|c`ncn &Bzjdpmn}`fpn$



29/44

Pycadp`fn Ackn5 @cdm~c( C`fo`fc c~g S~n`f~c

@cdm~c dp| ndan ndaefzdmn( bhn||nzaln P`fhdamyghcaun kd| jdp u~ >k hcamna( ucz|na \zdnjna ~al

mnmcjnh|na Zcabna!

Gz~`f|5 Ldn famnalna jdp :0 `k hcamna ~al = `k jznd|na( wnzghc`f|na @cdm~c+Jnnzna pdal

mnjomna hcam+ndgzkdm kd| c~pmnuomnanz( mnbzkk|nz Pyd|un! Lcp Gz~`f|ghndp`f dp| n|}c


31/44

Cjjdhl~am 45 \okc|n ln zjoh &Jna+Nzdb wca ]tb( :99>$

Cajc~ ~al Nza|n5 Ldn Yghcauna mnlndfna da gzop|gzndna Mnjdn|na jnd }czkna \cmnp+ ~al

bfhna Ac`f||nkynzc|~zna! Ldn p`fanhh }c`fpnalna \okc|na jna|dmna afzp|oggznd`fna(

hnd`f|na Jolna ~allc~nzal yydmn ]cppnzwnzpozm~am! Pdn wnzknfzna pd`f c~p Pckna c~`f

c~pP|n`bhdamna! Ldn Yghcauna baana jnz wdnhn Ecfzn mnnza|n| }nzlna!

Wnzjznd|~am5 Ldn Jc~k|okc|n dp| ndan |zoydp`fn+koa|can Yghcaun( ldn da lna

plcknzdbcadp fna 3999 ~al 0999k jnfndkc|n| dp|!

CE

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 @cypd`~k caa~~k


Pycadp`fn Ackn5 Ced( ced hczmo( ^`f~ &Jnund`fa~am c~g S~n`f~c$

Ced dp| ndan ndaefzdmn olnz b~zuhnjdm c~plc~nzaln( c~gzn`f|n( wnzu}ndm|n( bz~|dmn jdp

wnzfohu|n( p|zc~`fdmn( pnfz wdnhmnp|ch|dmn jdp 3(> k fofn Yghcaun!



32/44

Gz~`f|5 Np pdal wdnhpckdmn( fofhn Jnnzna( woa z~alhd`fnz( bca|dmnz( p`fkch lzndn`bdmnz olnz

hcam bn~hdmnz Gozk ~al mzanz( mnhjnz( zo|nz jdp gcp| p`f}zuhd`fnz Gczjn! Pdn pdal 3+09 `k

hcam ~al 3!3> `k jznd|!

Cajc~ ~al Nza|n5 Ldn Yghcauna mnlndfna c~g afzp|oggznd`fna Jlna jnd \nkynzc|~zna jnz

:9 @! Pdn }nzlna c~p Pckna wnzknfz| ~al jna|dmna m~|n ]cppnzp|oggwnzpozm~am! Ldn

Gz~`f|zndgn jnmdaa| en ac`f Poz|n 0 jdp > Koac|n ac`f lnz C~ppcc|!

Wnz}nal~am5 }nzlna woz chhnk bhndan p`fczgn Gz`f|n gzdp`f olnz mn|zo`ban|( mcau

mnkcfhna chp Pyndpn}zun wnz}naln|!

@FDHD

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 @cypd`~k gz~|np`nap


Ldn Cz| ~aa|nzp`fndln| pd`f woa @cypd`~k caa~~k woz chhnk l~z`f c~gzn`f|n( mzahd`fn

Jh|na ~al c~gzn`f|n Gz`f|n! Dfzn mn}fahd`f p`fkchna( pnfz p`fczg p`fkn`bnalna Jnnzna

pdal ~azndg mza( `znkngczjna olnz mnhj( u~z Zndgn ozcamn jdp zo| ~al jdp > kch 3 `k mzo!

Wnz}nal~am5 Ldn Gz`f|n }nzlna gzdp`f olnz mn|zo`ban|( mcau( unzbhndanz| olnz mnkcfhnachp p`fczgnp Mn}zu da Pyndpna ~al Mn|zabn mnmnjna!

Cjjdhl~am 395 @fdhdyghcaun kd| Gz~`f| &Calzncp Jz|nhp( 3440$

0: kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


33/44

CM^CEN

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 Kc~zd`dc ghnv~opc

Gckdhdn5 Czn`c`ncn &Ychkna$

Pycadp`fn Ackn5 Cm~cen( C`f~ch &Ynz~$( Kozd`fn &Wnanu~nhc$

Namhdp`fn Ackn5 Jozd|d ychk

Ldn jdp :>+0> k fofn( u}ndf~pdmn Cm~cenychkn |zm| ndana P`foyg c~p c~pmnjznd|n|na(

Gh`fnagzkdm unzp`fhd|u|na( l~abnhmzana Jh||nza( ldn dk ^kzdpp z~alhd`f pdal ~al jdp += `k mzo( dfznk p`f}c`f ndamnlnhh|nk Naln pd|u| ndan p`fzuhd`fn(

ld`bn Pyd|un c~g( ~al ck Mz~al gdalna pd`f 0+> lzndn`bdmn( fcz|+p`f~yydmn( mhaunal jzc~an

Bnh`fjh||nz! Lcp mnhjhd`fn jdp ozcamn Gz~`f|ghndp`f dp| jdp > kk ld`b( uf+ghndp`fdm( n|}cp

gcpnzdm( woa p~nzhd`f pnk Mnp`fkc`b!

Wnzjznd|~am5 Ldn Cm~cenychkn dp| dk Ckcuoacpjn`bna ~al dk azlhd fna Plcknzdbc

jnfndkc|n|!

Cajc~ ~al Nza|n5 ldn Ychkna mnlndfna dk gn~`f|+fndna \zoynabhdkc ~al jna|dmna

znd`fhd`fn ]cppnzwnzpozm~am! Pdn 00czlna c~p Pckna wnzknfz| ~al |zcmna cj ndank Ch|nz

woa >+6 Ecfzna jnz knfznzn Ecfzunfa|n Gz`f|n! U~z Nza|n 00czlna ldn mnpck|na

Gz~`f|p|aln cjmnp`fad||na( pojchl ldn Gz`f|n c~pmnzndg| pdal!

Wnz}nal~am5 Lcp h znd`fn pnfz acfzfcg|n ~al wd|ckdaznd`fn Gz~`f|ghndp`f }dzl wohh zndg

na|}nlnz zof olnz jhca`fdnz| wnzunfz|! Ldn Y~hyn }dzl c~nzlnk u~z Fnzp|nhh~am woa

Nzgzdp`f~ampmn|zabna olnz ]nda wnz}naln| ~al u~z Mn}daa~am woa Pyndpnh mnyznpp|2

mn|zo`ban| ~al mnkcfhna pn|u| kca pdn jnd lnz U~jnznd|~am ldwnzpnz Pyndpna nda! Ldn

P|kkn hdngnza }nz|wohhnp Jc~kc|nzdch( ldn Jh||nz ldnana chp Lc`fp|zof( gz Ghn`f|czjnd|na

~al u~z Mn}daa~am woa Gcpnza( lnz Pcg| lnz Ychkn }dzl u~ Ychk}nda wnzmozna( c~p lnk



34/44

p|zbnznd fna Kczb h|nznz P|kkn }dzl Jzo| fnzmnp|nhh| ~al ldn Gz`f|n baana chp

fo`f}nz|dmnp Wdnfg~||nz wnz}naln| }czlna

CAOAC JHCA@C @C@FDKCA

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 Caaoac ps~ckopc

Gckdhdn5 Caaoac`ncn

Pycadp`fn Ackn5 Caa( Caoac( Caoac jhca`c

Namhdp`fn Ackn5 p}nn| poy! @~p|czl+cyynh

Ldn Caoac jhca`c dp| nda bhndanz Jc~k olnz P|zc~`f kd| hd`f|nz Bzoan( lnz 0+7 k ]~`fpffn

nzznd`f|! Dfzn Jh||nz fcjna b~zun( jnfccz|n P|dnhn ~al pdal }n`fpnhp|aldm! En}ndhp 3+ `k hcamn( mnandm|na( laana P|dnhna ca e~amna U}ndmna

mnmnap|aldm u~ lna Jh||nza!

Gz~`f|5 Ldn Pckknhjnnznagz~`f| lnz Caoac jhca`c dp| woa z~alhd fnz Gozk( u~k P|dnh

ndmnlnhh| ~al kdpp| >+39 `k! Ldn n|}c : kk ld`bn P`fchn dp| Zndg c~na kndp| mza jdp

mnhjmza ~al jhc~ jnzndg|( ndadmn Poz|na |zcmna zopc ~al wdohn||n Gz`f|n! Ldn Y~hyn dp|

`znkn}nd( c~pmnzndg| pnfz }nd`f( woa pcg|dm+jznddmnz( gndabzadmnz Boapdp|nau ~al p+

czokc|dp`fna Mnp`fkc`b!

Cajc~ ~al Nza|n5 Caoac jhca`c dp| ndan Yghcaun lnz \zoyna ~al P~j|zoyna( ldn hamnzn

\zo`bnaund|na jhc||hop jnzlc~nza bcaa( da lnz ]c`fp|~kpund| cjnz mhnd`fkdm m~|n

]cppnzwnzpozm~am jna|dm|! Ldn J~kn }nzlna kndp| c~p Pckna wnzknfz| ~al

jnz}dnmnal woa Bhndajc~nza mnuomna! Zndgn Gz`f|n pdal nfnz lz~`bnkygdalhd`f ~al a~z

b~zun Und| hcmnzgfdm!

Wnz}nal~am5 Ldn Caoac jhca`c ufh| u~ lna jnp|na Ojp| lnz \zoyna ~al P~j|zoyna! Pdn }dzl

da wohhzndgnk( pnfz }nd`fna U~p|cal kndp| c~p lnz Fcal mnmnppna( dlnk kca ldn Gz`f|n

c~gjzd`f| ~al ldn Y~hyn c~phggnh|! Lcp jznddmn Gz~`f|ghndp`f }dzl c~nzlnk u~k

Czokc|dpdnzna woa Ndp`znkn ~al bch|na Kdh`f+ ~al Gz~`f|mn|zabna jna|u|! Ldn Bnzan lnz

Pckna pdal mdg|dm( dfz Pcg| gfz| dk Boa|cb| kd| lna C~mna u~k Nzjhdalna! Jznd~kp`fhmn c~p

0< kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


35/44

lna Jh||nza }nzlna u~z Jnfcalh~am woa Nydhnypdn( ]~alna ~al Mnp`f}zna ndamnpn|u|!

Pcknay~hwnz }dzl chp Gdp`fmdg| ~al Dapnb|dudl wnz}naln|!

Cjjdh~am 335 Caoac jhca`c &Jna+Nah wca ]tb( :99>$

@CY^HD CM^CTKCA\O

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 Yftpchdp ynz~wdca~k


Pycadp`fn Ackn5 @cy~hd &Ynz~$( T~to ln oeop &Knvdbo$( johpc ln ckoz &@fdhn$

Ldn @cy~hd dp| nda jdp : k fofnp ndaefzdmnp Bzc~| kd| c~phclnal wnzu}ndm|na( mnzdyy|na( og|

wdohn|| jnzhc~gnana P|namnha ~al mz~alp|aldmna Anjna|zdnjna! Jh||nz( Jh|nap|dnhn ~al

Bnh`fn pdal ld`f| kd| cjp|nfnalna( }ndna( }nd`fna Fcczna ~a|nzp fdnlhd`fnz Hamn

jnpn|u|! Lnz P`fh~al lnz Bzoan }ndp| ndana }ohhdmna mnhjna Fccz zdam ~al jnfccz|n Hndp|na

c~g! Ac`f lnz Jh|n wnzmznz| pd`f lnz Bnh`f u~ ndanz mnp`fhoppnana Fhhn( }nh`fn ldn

fnzca}c`fpnaln Jnnzn ndap`fhdn|!

Gz~`f|5 dp| ndan mnhjn olnz fnhhjzc~an( z~aln( 3+: `k mzon Jnnzn! Lnz Mnp`fkc`b zndgnz

Gz`f|n dp| p olnz ppc~nz czokc|dp`f!

0> kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


36/44

Wnzjznd|~am5 Ldn @cy~hd dp| ndan p~j|zoydp`fn Yghcaun( ldn da lna Calna jnfndkc|n| dp| ~al

}nh|}nd| da lna \zoyna ~al P~j|zoyna b~h|dwdnz| }dzl!

Cajc~ ~al Nza|n5 Ldn Yghcaun mnlndfna ~a|nz znhc|dw bfhnk( gzop|gzndnk Bhdkc c~g

afzp|oggznd`fna Jlna2 pdn baana jnzchh loz| mnuomna }nzlna( }o ldn B~h|~z woa

\okc|na kmhd`f dp|! @cy~hd }nzlna c~p Pckna wnzknfz|( ldn Gz~`f|zndgn jnmdaa| 0+$

Wnz}nal~am5 Ldn wd|ckdaznd`fna Jnnzna }nzlna ac`f lnk Na|gnzana lnp Bnh`fnp kd| lna

Pckna zof mnmnppna( ndamnbo`f| olnz u~ Kczknhcln( Mnhhn 1@f~|antpx8 ~al da Mn|zabna

wnzczjnd|n|! ^azndgn Gz`f|npdal mdg|dm!

@CDKD\O

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 @fztpoyfthh~k `cdkd|o

Gckdhdn5 Pcyo|c`ncn &Jzndcygnhmn}`fpn$

Pycadp`fn Ackn5 @cdkd|o



37/44

Namhdp`fn Ackn5 Mohgnahncg |znn(h @cdkd|o

Lnz @cdkd|o dp| nda jdp 3> k fofnz( dkknzmzanz Jc~k kd| jzc~a jnfccz|na( wnzbchnalna

U}ndmna2 pndan Zdaln p`fndln| jnd Wnz}~al~amna }ndn Hc|nv c~p! Ldn bhndana(

~ap`fndajczna Jh|na }c`fpna mnjp`fnh| da lna Jhc||c`fpnha!

Gz~`f|5 Ldn @cdkd|o Gz`f|n pdal z~aln olnz jznd|+ndgzkdmn( b~zu mnp|dnh|n Jnnzna woa jdp u~

39`k L~z`fknppnz! Pdn fc| ndan }ndna Gz~`f|ghndp`f ~al pna Mnp`fkc`b!

Cajc~ ~al Nza|n5 Ldn @cdkd|o mnlndf| dk |zoydp`fna \dnghcalpbhdkc( dp| znhc|dw

|zo`bnaznpdp|na| ~al capyz~`fphop fdapd f|hd`f lnz Jolnajnp`fcggnafnd|! Ldn Yghcauna

}nzlna c~p Pckna mnuomna! Ldn Gz`f|n }nzlna wohh zndg wok Jc~k mnygh`b| ~al pdal

}nadmn \cmn( mnbfh| jdp u~ 0 ]o`fna fch|jcz!

Wnz}nal~am5 Ldn Y~hyn wohhzndgnz Jnnzna }dzl gzdp`f c~p lnz c~gmnp`fad||nana Gz~`f|

mnhggnh| olnz kd| calnznk Ojp| da Lnppnz|p ~al Pg|na wnzczjnd|n|! ^azndgn Gz`f|n pdal

jd||nz( clp|zdamdnznal ~al ~amnadnjcz!

\cjnhhn 75 U~pckknapn|u~am ~al Afz}nz| woa @cdkd|o &399m gzdp`fn Gz`f|n$ &Zopcp Joa~``nhhd( 3464$

Dafch|p|oggn Knamn

]cppnz 6:(6 .

Bchozdna 76(9 .

Gn|| 3(7 .

Bofhnaftlzc|n 3 .

Gcpnz 3(9 .

Nd}nd 9(6 .

Cp`fn 9(0 .

0= kdm~nh cycuc |cydc


38/44

@FDZDKOTC

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 Caaoac fnzdkohc

Gckdhdn5 Caaoac`ncn &P`f~yynacygnhmn}`fpn$

Pycadp`fn Ackn5 @fdzdkotc

Namhdp`fn Ackn5 Gz~d| og| fn @fcggnt

@fdzdkotc dp| nda dkknzmzanz( |dng wnzu}ndm|nz( ndaf~pdmnz Jc~k olnz P|zc~`f woa 0+4k

Ffn! Ldn Jh||nz pdal }n`fpnhp|aldm( ndgzkdm ~al jnfccz|! Ldn Jh|na p|nfna ndaunha olnz

u~ :+0 ca jhc||c`fpnhp|aldmna B~zu|zdnjna!

Gz~`f|5 Ldn Gz~`f|jh||nz wnz}c`fpna ac`f lnz Jnp|~j~am kd|ndacalnz ~al jdhlna ndan

z~alhd`fn( dk Hampp`fad|| fnzugzkdmn Pckknhjnnznagz~`f| woa jdp u~ :9 `k L~z`fknppnz!

^a|nz lnz Gz~`f|p`fchn gdaln| pd`f dk zndgna U~p|cal jznddmnp( ppc~znp Gz~`f|ghndp`f woa

pnfz camnanfknk Czokc!

Cjjdhl~am 305 @fdzdkotcyghcaun kd| Gz~`f| &Jna+Nzdb wca ]tb( :99>$



39/44

Wnzjznd|~am5 @fdzdkotc dp| da lna Calna da Ffna u}dp`fna 3999 jdp :999 jnfndkc|n|!

Cajc~ ~al Nza|n5 B~h|dwdnz| }dzl pdn da adnlnzp`fhcmpczkna Znmdoana( dk |zoydp`fna

\dnghcalpbhdkc mnlndf| pdn ad`f|! Ldn Wnzknfz~am nzgohm| kndp| l~z`f Pkhdamn( ldn C~gu~`f|

dp| c~`f c~p P|n`bhdamna ~al Ygzoyzndpnza kmhd`f! Ldn Yghcauna gz~`f|na cj lnk Ch|nz woa


40/44

Wnzjznd|~am5 ]dzl woz chhnk dk fofna Jnzmhcal woa Plcknzdbc ~al Kd||nhcknzdbc

camnjc~|!

Cajc~ ~al Nza|n5 Ldn Cz| mnlndf| da |zoydp`fna Mnjdzmna u}dp`fna 699 ~al :>99 k! Ldn

Yghcauna pdal nkygdalhd f mnmna mzon Fd|un( hnd f| gzop|jnp|aldm( dk jzdmna znhc|dw

capyz~`fphop! Pdn }nzlna l~z`f Pckna olnz P|n`bhdamn wnzknfz| ~al ca Pychdnzna olnz

calnzna Bhn||nzfdhgna mnuomna!

Wnz}nal~am5 Pdn }dzl og| chp &Lnppnz|$ Ojp| mnmnppna! Ldn pyzln P`fchn hpp| pd`f hnd`f|

c~gjzn`fna( ~k ldn p`fkc`bfcg|n Y~hyn lnz Pcknaka|nh pck| lna mnp`fkc`bhopna Pckna

c~pu~hggnha! C~`f c~p lna Gz`f|na ldnpnz Cz| }dzl Pcg| mn}oaana( lnz kd| ]cppnz

wnzlaa| mn|z~abna olnz da calnzn Mn|zabn ~al Ppyndpna mnkdp`f| }dzl!

H^@^KC

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 H~`~kc cjowc|c

Gckdhdn5 Pcyo|c`ncn &Jzndcygnhmn}`fpn$

Pycadp`fn Ackn5 H~`~kc &Ynz~( Nb~cloz( @fdhn$( H~`~kc &c~g S~n`f~c$

H~`~kc dp| nda jdp 3> k fofnz( dkknzmzanz Jc~k kd| ld`f|nz( z~alnz Bzoan ~al e~am

pck|dm jnfccz|na p|na2 ldn Yghcaun gfz| Kdh`fpcg|!

Gz~`f|5 H~`~kc+Gz`f|n pdal famnaln( |okc|nagzkdmn( kdh`fpcg|dmn Jnnzna woa jdp u~ 39

`k L~z`fknppnz! Lcp Gz~`f|ghndp`f dp| gnp|( knfhdm ~al }nadm pcg|dm( woa mnhjhd`fnz Gczjn

~al pnfz pna Mnp`fkc`b!

Wnzjznd|~am5 H~`~kc dp| da lna Calna Nb~cloz( Ynz~p ~al @fdhnp jnfndkc|n|!

Cajc~ ~al Nza|n5 Ldn Yghcauna mnlndfna c~g afzp|oggznd fna Jlna da bfhna Hcmna

|zoydp`fnz Mnjdzmn( pdn }nzlna da Ffna u}dp`fna 3999 ~al 0999 k camnjc~|! H~`~kc }dzl

c~p Pckna wnzknfz| ~al gz~`f|n| cj lnk >! Ecfz mcauefzdm( ldn Jnnzna }nzlna zndg|

mnnza|n|!


41/44

Wnz}nal~am5 Ldn Gz`f|n }nzlna zndg mnnza|n|( ndadmn \cmn mnhcmnz| ~al lcaa zof chp Ojp|

mnmnppna olnz kd| U~`bnz u~ Pdz~y wnzbo`f|! Mn|zo`ban|n ~al y~hwnzdpdnz|n Y~hyn }dzl chp

Mn}zu wnz}naln|!

KCZCAOA

]dppnap`fcg|hd`fn Ackn5 Cac`czld~k o``dlna|chn

Gckdhdn5 Cac`czldc`ncn &P~kc`fmn}`fpn$

Pycadp`fn Ackn5 Kczcaoa( Knznd( a~nu lnh Jzcpdh

Namhdp`fn Ackn5 @cpfn}

Kczcaoa dp| nda jdp 3> k fofnz( |dng wnzu}ndm|nz( dkknzmzanz Jc~k! Pndan

}n`fpnhp|aldmna Jh||nz pdal wnzbnfz| jznd|+ndgzkdm! Ck Mz~al cjmnz~aln| olnz

bndhgzkdm!

Gz~`f|5 Kczcaoa dp| ndan pckdmn( Jofana+ olnz adnznagzkdm mnbzkk|n( lna Appna

fanhaln Gz~`f| woa 3(>+: `k Hamn! Dfzn fohudmn( mzc~jzc~an( mhc||n P`fchn na|fh| nda

p`fczgnp( jndunalnp( mdg|dmnp h &@czloh$( lcp p|czbn Fc~|zndu~amna wnz~zpc`f|! Wnzjznd|~am5

Ldn Cz| dp| da pnkdczdlna Mnjdn|na wnzjznd|n| ~al }dzl }nh|}nd| da lna \zoyna b~h|dwdnz|!

Cjjdhl~am 3


42/44

Cajc~ ~al Nza|n5 Kczcaoa }dzl da |zoydp`fna Bhdkc|na jdp da Ffna ~k 3999 k b~h|dwdnz|(

ldn |zo`bnaznpdp|na|na( capyz~`fphopna J~kn mnlndfna ck jnp|na da fndna Mnjdn|na kd|

knfzkoac|dmnz \zo`bnaund|! Wnzknfz }dzl pdn c~p Pkhdamna olnz wnmn|c|dw! Ldn Yghcauna

gz~`f|na cj lnk 0+> Ecfz( c~pmn}c`fpnan J~kn |zcmna >+>9 bm Appn!

Wnz}nal~am5 Dal~p|zdnhh kd| Fndh~g| mnzp|n|( lcac`f mnp`fh|! Dfz }ofhp`fkn`bnalnz(

acfzfcg|nz( zof mdg|dmnz Bnza na|fh| n|}c . h ~al :9 . Nd}nd! Lcp h lnz Gz~`f|p`fchn

gdaln| da lnz Wohbpknlduda mnmna ]czuna ~al Ffanzc~mna Wnz}nal~am( np ldna| chp

Fohup`f~|ukd||nh &mnmna \nzkd|najngchh$ ~al dp| nda }nz|wohhnp Dal~p|zdnh! Lnz Pcg| }dzb|

mnmna Nzbh|~am ~al chp Cjgfzkd||nh!

=!P@FH^PPJN\ZC@\^AMNA

Ldn caldan Jnwhbnz~am( ldn p`foa wdnh hamnz ~al da wdnh mznznz Ucfh lna Boa|dana| woz

Nda|znggna lnz N~zoynz jnpdnlnh|na( na|}d`bnh|na hamp| wozfnz ndan mzon b~h|~znhhn

Wdnhgch|! Po wdnhp`fd`f|dm dfzn B~h|~zna }czna( po ~a|nzp`fdnlhd`f }czna c~`f ldn

B~h|~zyghcaunalnz plcknzdbcadp`fna Nda}ofanz!

Ldn Hcal}dz|p`fcg| dk Dabcznd`f na|}d`bnh|n pd`f da knfznzna Zd`f|~amna! amnc`f|n| lnz

nv|znkna hcal}dz|p fcg|hd`fna ~al bhdkc|dp`fna Jnldam~amna( da lna Calna mnhcam np lna

Calnajc~nza( lnk Jolna m~|n Nz|zmn cju~zdamna( ~al woz chhnk kd| Ndabhcam kd| lnz Ac|~z

u~ hnjna!


43/44

6!HD\NZC\^ZWNZUND@FADP

+ Cycuc \cydc( Kdm~nh( :9945 Ldn Fdp|ozdp`fn ~al cb|~nhhn Jnln~|~am lnp

Bcz|oggnhcajc~np da lna Calna Ynz~p! Lcp mzan Mohl lnz Dabcp! âdwnzpd|| gz

Jolnab~h|~z+]nda

+ Jz|nhp( Calzncp( 34405 Gczjc|hcp \zoynayghcauna! P|~||mcz|+Mnzkcat

+ Jna+Nab wca ]tb( :99>5 Goool yhca|p og |fn }ozhl! Yoz|hcal( Oznmoa+^PC

+ Fozbfndknz Fcap( 34745 Acfz~am ~al Acfz~ampmn}daa~am dk wozpycadp`fna Ynz~!

Jdjhdo|n`c Djnzo Cknzd`cac Jcal DD

+ K~zzc E!( 34=:5 Nh òa|zoh wnz|d`ch ln ~a kvdko ln Ydpop Nòhmdòp na hc Nòaokdc

ln hcp Po`dnlclnp Caldacp! adwnzpdlcl Ac`doach F~ca`cto+Ynz~!

+ O|una Fcap( 34435 Calna Hcalp`fcg|na( Yghcauna( \dnzn dk Znd`f lnz Dabc! Hcalj~`f

Wnzhcm!

+ Y~hmcz Wdlch Ecwdnz( 347=5 Hcp o`fo Znmdoanp ac|~zchnp lnh Ynz~+ Hdkc!

+ Znmch C!( 34=95 Hop |zcjceop fdlz~hdòp lnh Da`c na nh ca|dm~o Ynz~+Hdkc!

+ Znyo @!( 34645 @~h|dwop Caldaop! Dkyoz|ca`dc a~|zd`doach t yyopdjdhdlclnp ln

yoz`npckdna|o! @na|zo ln np|~ldop z~zchnp Caldaop! Jcz|ohok ln hcp @cpcp @~uò+Ynz~!

+ Zoknzo N!( 34705 Jdomzcgdc ln hop Calnp! Hdkc+Ynz~!

+ \cydc K!( 34605 @~h|dwop Caldaop! Kdabc 39 Mz~yo \hy~t! F~ca`cto+Ynz!


44/44

Die Pflanzen der Inkas by Miguel Apaza Tapia

Documents

Transcript of Die Pflanzen der Inkas by Miguel Apaza Tapia