Diesel Particulate matter

8/2/2019 Diesel Particulate matter

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Diesel Particulate Matter

By Praveen Menon, Kunal Soni,Sunil Chavan,

Shehnaz Shaikh and Sabrina Shaikh

T.E. Automobile


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Topic selection objective:

Diesel engines emit large quantities of fine particles tothe atmosphere.

Air pollution caused by the automotive exhaustemissions has become a serious social problem.

Stringent norms have been rolled out.

All new vehicles manufactured after the implementation

of the norms have to be compliant with the regulations.

To increase the efficiency of the ICE.


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Euro Norms:


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Introduction One important challenge for diesel engines is reducing

Particulate Matter (PM).

PM mainly includes soot and soluble organic fractions(SOF) adsorbed to the soot.

Particulate matter emitted in diesel exhaust is a complexmixture of carbon particles of soot, unburned fuel andlubricants.

These make up the soluble organic fraction (SOF).


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Particulate Matter (PM) is one of the six criteria

pollutants, and the most important in terms of adverse

effects on human health.

Definition: Particulate matter (PM) is the term used for a

mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended

in the air.

Particulate matter is composed of both coarse and fine

particles.

Coarse particles (PM10) have a diameter between 2.5mm

and 10mm.


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PM Composition

DPM consists a large number of organic compounds.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are prominent.

PAHs are suspected human carcinogens.

Approximately 90% of the DPM mass is within the

inhalable range (


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StructureDiesel particulate matter consists of highly agglomerated solidcarbonaceous material and ash, as well as organic and sulphurcompounds.


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Major Contents of PM

The major constituent of DPM are PAHs which are the following:

Naphthalene (Nap)

Acenaphthylene (Acy)

Acenaphthene (Ace)

Fluorene (Flu)

Phenanthrene (Phe)

Anthracene (Ant)

Fluoranthene (Flt)

Pyrene (Pyr)

Benzo(a)anthracene (Baa)

Chrysene (Chy)

Benzo(b)fluoranthene (Bbf)

Benzo(k)fluoranthene (Bkf)

Benzo(a)pyrene (Bap)

Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (Ind)

Dibenz(a,h)anthracene (Dba)

Benzo(ghi)perylene (Bgp)


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FACTORS AFFECTING HYDROCARBON

DISTRIBUTION IN DIESEL EMISSIONS:

Effect of Engine Load: Engine load has effects on DPM mass concentration, size

distribution, organic carbon and elemental carbon (OC/EC)

distribution, morphology and microstructure.

The particulate emission factor (g particles/kg fuel) has

been shown to increase linearly with engine load.

The fractions of EC over DPM increase with increasing load

from 21% at 0 kW to 84% at 75 kW.


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Effect of Fuel Sulphur Content:

The amount of adsorbed sulphates affects the mass ofhydrocarbons in the PM composition.

Sulphuric acid adsorb with organic compounds in the

exhaust.

7-12% particulate reduction can be obtained with areduction of fuel sulphur content from 0.2% to 0.05%.

Fuel sulphur content was reduced from 500 ppm to 15ppm in June 1, 2006, due to the above reasons.


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Health Effects

PREMATURE MORTALITY: Several studies have demonstrated the relationship between low

concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 and increase in daily mortality.

CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE:

PM10 exposure cause an increase in bronchitis, chronic cough, and

respiratory symptoms in persons with pulmonary disorders.

AGGRAVATED ASTHAMA:

Recent studies have revealed, PM10 at low concentration increasesbronchodilator and asthma medication use.


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Various PM Emission Control Technologies:

Three-way Catalytic converter

Diesel Particulate Filter


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TWC Diagram:


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TWC

Simultaneous conversion of the three criteria pollutants,

HC, CO, and NOx, produced during the combustion of

fuel.

The active catalytic materials are present as a thin

coating of precious metal (e.g., Pt, Pd, Rh),on the internal

walls of the honeycomb substrate.

The substrate provides a large number of parallel flow

channels.


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DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER


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THANK YOU.

Diesel Particulate matter

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