DPG Berlin - SOE 18 - talk v1.2.4

Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik

Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation

M. Kämpf, C. Napierala, J.W. Kantelhardt

DPG Frühjahrstagung 2012 - 29. März - Berlin

Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg

Institut für PhysikFG für Theoretische Physik

SOE 18.1


Measurement of Crowd Properties :

London - Lord Mayors Show 2011

SOE 18.1 - Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation


Introduction :

• We study crowd dynamics and information flow during evacuation processes.

• We are focused on the flow of information and on quality of information in a system without any centralized communication and control infrastructure.

• We want to meassure, what can be known inside such a self organized system at any time and place and how this knowledge can be distributed efficently.

Lord Mayor ShowLondon - 2011



Extended Properties

Dynamic Lattice Structure

Social Network

Communication Network

• all elements have the

same properties

• only simple interactions

• no interaction with the

area, accept of walls



A Complex System ?

• Such a system consists of fairly simple components.

• We can not analyze the properties of agent-structure-information-interactions by decoupling these aspects.

• As it is a Complex System - we are looking for emerging properties / phenomena which are not obviously visible by looking on isolated parts.



Our approach :

A lattice gas model is combined with an agent based simulation

• simple geometry, extendable to real world like structures

• agents movement is limited to 6 directions in space and to one movement per time step

• agents move according to simple rules based on properties of the area and their knowledge

• information flow is modeled as an additional layer on top of the agents' movement based on epidemic models

Density: 3%, 9%, 30% 95%

restricted

area



Context of our Research :

• Real world data sets for comparison of results

–Evacuation exercise at University Krakow

–Note Bianca in Malta

– Lord Mayor's Show London

• Comparison with epidemic models

–SIR and SIS model

• Numerical Simulations in a discrete space

– compared with results from continous space model

• Construction of interconnected networks

–Building structure, and ad-hoc connected agents



S = susceptible, I = infectious, R= Recovered

• Valid for a large numbers of individuals

• Nonlinear system

• No generic analytical solution

Epidemic Models : SIR & SIS Model



Meassurement of Infection RatioIn

fection R

atio

Infe

ction R

ate

We count the number of infected

(or: informed) agents

For an intermediate fit interval

the average slope is determined

numericaly


First results : Rate of Infection (low density)



First results : Rate of Infection (high density)



Conclusion:

• Information flow has a strong dependence on the density of agents with communi-cation devices, but hardly depends on the structure of the building.

• Different communication strategies influence the information flow more than a restricted geometry.



Quality of Information :

View of an agent :

How does the quality of information availableto an agent evolve in time?

General view :

What amount of truth can be known at a certain point in space and time?

What parameters affect this information?



Outlook: Interconnected NetworksFrom "Lattice Gas Model" to a Network

– collective properties of all places in a stairway define the edge properties

– possible flow on a crossing point defines node properties

Combined Networks

– lane-network and communication network are inter connected by the agents which are walking within the lane network but rely on the information transmitted through the communication network.



Mirko Kämpf

Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg

Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II

Institut für Physik

Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1

06120 Halle

Germany

phone: (+49) 345 55 25447

fax: (+49) 345 55 25446

e-mail: [email protected]

DPG Berlin - SOE 18 - talk v1.2.4

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