Evaluation of mobile storage systems for heat transport · Evaluation of mobile storage systems for...
Transcript of Evaluation of mobile storage systems for heat transport · Evaluation of mobile storage systems for...
Evaluation of mobile storage systems for heat transport
G. Storch, A. Hauer, A. Krönauer
ZAE Bayern, Walther-Meißner-Str. 6, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Outline
• Introduction• Mobile Storage Units• Case Studies: Setup• Case Studies: Results
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Motivation
Cumulated waste heat in the Netherlands process industry.Source: P. Bach, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Obstacles :- temperature level- mismatch in availability- mismatch in place
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Outline
• Introduction• Mobile Storage Units
– Principle– Energy Storage in Zeolites– Other systems
• Case Studies: Setup• Case Studies: Results
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– uses public infrastructure– very flexible– higher running costs
– high initial costs– right of way ?– inflexible
Concept
chargingstation
User A
User B
+ User C, D, …
Zeo
Zeo
Zeo
Zeo
truck + container
Mobile storage units replace pipeline-bound system
• Aluminium factory• Waste incineration plant
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Modified freight container:zeolite volume 18,7 m³zeolite mass 15 tbed height 0,8 mbed cross section 23,2 m²
maximum airstream 20.000 m³/h
Energy storage capacity max. 4.1 MWhCharging power max. 1 MWdischarging power max. 750 kW
Zeolite storage unit
sorbent
sorbent
sorbent
sorbentAir
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Principle of sorption heat storage
water molecules
heat
adsorption desorption
adsorbentarea
Sorption processes combine• high thermal turnover (hev,H2O=2440 kJ/kg=0,68 kWh/kg)• excellent repeatability• low losses
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air
heat ofcondensation
heat ofevaporation
air +vapour
air
Desorption Adsorption
• water vapour / zeolite• atmospheric pressure• zeolite pellets in fixed bed• air as carrier gas for heat- and masstransfer
Zeolite
air +vapour
heat ofadsorption
heatof desorption
charging discharging
Open sorption systems
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ca. 10 kWhin 24henergy losses
220 kWtypical discharging power(25/40°C)
125 kWtypical discharging power(38/48°C)
250 kWtypical charging power(90/70°C)
1.6 MWhthereof latent heat
2.4 MWhenergy stored / unit
26 tunit total mass22 tPCM mass
Other systems ?
Alternative: PCM-Technology
Sodium acetate tri-hydrate, melting point 58°CPCM
Heat exchangerHeat carrierfluid
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Outline
• Introduction• Mobile Storage Units• Case Studies: Setup
– Heat Sources– Potential Users– Parameters
• Case Studies: Results
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Heat sources
Waste incineration• Steam from extraction turbine• 150°C• reduces electricity generation• Non-stop operation
Aluminium factory• Combustion of solvent-laden air • 230°C• Waste heat• Only temporarily available
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Discharging III: drying applications
dryer
zeolite
AMB OUTIN
ADS
auxiliaryheating
feed
dryer
zeolite
AMB OUTIN
ADS
auxiliaryheating
feed
e.g.60°Cϕ=55%
180°Cϕ=0.03%
20°Cϕ=60%
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storagecontainer
Demandsitedocking station,heat exchanger,evaporativecooler…
hot, dry airwarm water
Energy costs(considered)
Initial costs(not considered)
Mobile Storagecharging system, container,truck, wages, fuel…
System boundary
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Demandsiteheat exchanger,boiler, chiller,…
electricity
Energy costs(considered)
Initial costs(not considered)
oil / gas / district heating
Utility
Reference System
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≈ 0
25 km/h
55 €
28 €/h
7 km
9.3 h
2.4 MWh
4.2 €/MWh8320 h/a
waste+PCM
55 kWh
25 km/h
55 €
28 €/h
7 km
5.8 h
3.4 MWh
4.2 €/MWh8320 h/a
waste+zeo
10 km10 kmOne-way distance
00Internal heat costs
≈ 0
25 km/h
55 €
40 €/h
9.3 h
2.4 MWh
4380 h/a
alu+PCM
55 kWhAuxiliary energy / unit
40 €/hWages
55 €Transportation costs per100km
25 km/hDriving speed
5.5 hCharging time
4.1 MWhStorage capacity / unit
4380 h/aAvailability (uptime)
alu+zeoParameter
Parameter default values
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Outline
• Introduction• Mobile Storage Units• Case Studies: Setup• Case Studies: Results
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(Primary) Energy Flow Diagram
Chargingstation
Userusefulenergy100%
10.5%
auxiliary energy,transport
Fuel105%
waste heat
132%
Zeo
COP > 9 in terms of auxiliary energy !
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0100200300400500600700800900
Zeolite Without mobilestorage
Gas boilerAuxiliary energyTransport[t
/a]
Reduction of CO2 emissions
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Cost distribution
aluminium factory + sorption
internal heat costs0%
auxiliary energy
2%
invest charging station
9%
storage containers
27%
fixed costs transportation
15%
variable costs transportation
8% maintenance3%
labour36%
waste incineration + sorption
labour28%
maintenance4%
variable costs transportation
8%
fixed costs transportation
12%
storage containers
21%
invest charging station11%
auxiliary energy
2%internal heat
costs14%
Sum: 114 000 €/a Sum: 146 000 €/a
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Parameter study: uptime
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500uptime charging station [h/a]
ener
gy c
osts
[€/M
Wh]
sorption PCM water oil natural gas
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Summary
• Energy transportation via mobile storage systems is energetically sound
• Topics for ongoing research on zeolite systems: – successful demonstration– mechanical stability– desorption with flue gases
• Economic performance depending on ratiowages / energy costs
• Ideal application: industrial drying
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to• BMWi for financial support• our industry partners for fruitful cooperation
Thank you for your kind attention!
Questions?