Fallschirmjagergewehr 42 (FG42) Light Machine Gun (NAZI)

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    FG 42 1

    FG 42

    Fallschirmjgergewehr 42

    Both early (top) and late-war (bottom) variants of the FG 42.

    Type Battle rifle

    Light machine gun

    Place of origin Nazi Germany

    Service history

    In service 19421945

    Used by Nazi Germany

    Argentina[1]

    (trial purposes)

    Wars World War II

    Production history

    Designer Louis Stange

    Designed 1941

    1942

    Manufacturer Rheinmetall-Borsig (limited)

    Heinrich Krieghoff Waffenfabrik, L. O. Dietrich (limited)

    Produced 19431945

    Variants Early model (original Rheinmetall-Borsig design)

    Late model (Krieghoff revision)

    Specifications

    Weight Ausfhrung"E": 4.2 kg (9.3 lb)

    Ausfhrung"G": 4.95 kg (10.9 lb)

    Length Ausfhrung"E": 945 mm (37.2 in)

    Ausfhrung"G": 975 mm (38.4 in)

    Barrel length 500 mm (19.7 in)

    Cartridge 7.9257mm Mauser

    Action Gas-operated, rotating bolt

    Rate of fire Ausfhrung "E": ~900 rounds/min

    Ausfhrung "G": ~750 rounds/min

    Muzzle velocity 740 m/s (2,428 ft/s) (SmK bullet)

    Effective range 500 m

    Feed system 10 or 20-round detachable box magazine

    Sights Iron sights (all models); flip-up front post and folding rear diopter sight; ZFG42 or ZF4 scope

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    FG 42 2

    The FG 42 (German:Fallschirmjgergewehr 42 or "paratrooper rifle 42") was a selective fire battle rifle produced

    in Nazi Germany during World War II. The weapon was developed specifically for the use with Fallschirmjger

    airborne infantry in 1942 and was used in very limited numbers until the end of the war.

    It combined the characteristics and firepower of a light machine gun in a lightweight form no larger than the

    standard-issue Kar 98k bolt-action rifle. Considered one of the most advanced weapon designs of World War II,[2][3]

    the FG 42 influenced post-war small arms development and ultimately helped to shape the modern assault rifle

    concept.[4]

    History

    A GermanFallschirmjger poses with his early

    model FG 42 (Ausfhrung "C") in France, 1944.

    The FG 42 was used by paratroopers of the

    Fallschirmjgerlehrbattalion (Paratroopers'

    Teaching Battalion to try out new equipment)

    during the daring raid to free Benito Mussolini in

    September 1943.

    At the time of the Battle of Crete (Operation Mercury), German

    Fallschirmjger were equipped with the same assortment of small

    arms as the Heer, carrying only pistols and hand grenades on them

    during airborne jumps, with submachine guns, rifles and crew-served

    weapons stored separately in containers that were dropped from the

    wing of the exit craft. The German parachute harness, with a single

    strap attached to the body making the paratrooper land on his hands

    and knees in a forward roll, did not allow for heavier equipment such

    as rifles and machine guns to be safely carried during jumps. At Crete,

    long-range rifle and machine gun fire from dug-in Commonwealth

    defenders (largely New Zealanders from 5 Brigade's 22nd Battalion)

    inflicted heavy casualties upon the outgunned German paratroopers in

    the early stages of battle as they attempted to retrieve their support

    weapons from containers scattered all over the battlefield.[5]

    These

    early combat experiences demonstrated that standard weapons were

    not ideal for airborne operations.

    Development

    In 1941, the German Air Force (Luftwaffe), requested a selective fire

    hand-held weapon for the paratroopers; Senior Staff Air Secretary

    Ossenbach at the GL/C Erprobungsstelle-6 (GL/C E-6the Luftwaffe

    Weapons Development Branch at Tarnewitz near Lbeck) was

    approached informally to develop this special new weapon.[5]

    The

    Reich Air Ministry (Reichsluftfahrtministerium or RLM) sought to

    develop a universal shoulder-fired automatic rifle that could replace the

    bolt-action rifle, submachine gun, and light machine gun in the air

    assault role.[2]

    The proposed weapon would also simplify logistics and

    provide greater firepower to the individual paratrooper.

    The RLM attempted to initiate a formal weapons development program

    through the Heereswaffenamt (the HWaA, or Army Ordnance

    Department)responsible for German small arms developmentbut

    conflicting priorities and friction with the Army (the HWaA dismissed

    the undertaking as unrealistic and offered their G 41(W) semi-automatic rifle instead) led to an independent

    development by theLuftwaffe. Plans were laid out to form a central authority for the new program at the Luftwaffe

    testing station at Tarnewitz. The engineers on staff had acquired considerable expertise developing lightweight

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semi-automatic_riflehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gewehr_41http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waffenamthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reich_Air_Ministryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%C3%BCbeckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selective_firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luftwaffehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Zealandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_of_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Machine_gunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parachutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riflehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Submachine_gunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hand_grenadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pistolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heer_%281935%E2%80%931945%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ABundesarchiv_Bild_101I-567-1503A-01%2C_Gran_Sasso%2C_Fallschirmj%C3%A4ger_vor_Lastensegler.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gran_Sasso_raidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gran_Sasso_raidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ABundesarchiv_Bild_101I-720-0344-11%2C_Frankreich%2C_Fallschirmj%C3%A4ger_mit_FJG_42_in_Stellung.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fallschirmj%C3%A4ger_%28Nazi_Germany%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assault_riflehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riflehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bolt-actionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karabiner_98khttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Light_machine_gunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airborne_forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fallschirmj%C3%A4ger_%28World_War_II%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nazi_Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_riflehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selective_firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_language
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    FG 42 4

    Skorzeny.

    The weapon system underwent continuous development. Its expedited development, remedial changes to the original

    design and ever-changing Luftwaffe requirements resulted in myriad of variants.[2]

    Post-war literature typically

    identifies three versions, however the Germans never recognized these as distinctive models; the "Model I", "Model

    II" and "Model III" were never officially referenced and period documents simply refer the weapon as the "FG 42",

    and the reference was always made to the latest production model.

    [10]

    BD 42

    The BD 42/I is a semi-automatic copy of the early model FG 42 rifle and the BD 42/II is a semi-automatic copy of

    the late model both manufactured by HZA Kulmbach GmbH.

    Design details

    FG 42, known informally as the "early model" or

    "Model I". Characteristic of the early models was

    the bipod placement (hinged to the barrel collar in

    front of the handguard), forged receiver, ribbed

    buttstock and the sharply angled pistol grip.

    German officers inspect and strip an FG 42 in

    December 1943

    FG 42 grip (late war model)

    General configuration/layout

    The FG 42 was a select-fire air-cooled weapon and one of the first toincorporate the "straight-line" recoil configuration. This layout,

    combined with the side magazine, placed both the center of gravity and

    the position of the shoulder stock nearly in line with the longitudinal

    axis of the bore, a feature increasing controllability during burst or

    automatic fire.[10]

    The operating system was derived from that used in

    the successful Lewis light machine gun with a gas piston-actuated

    turning bolt locking mechanism.[10]

    This system used pressurized

    exhaust gases from the bore and channeled them through a port drilled

    in the barrel into a gas cylinder located under the barrel. The rapid

    build-up of propellant gases imparted rearward pressure on along-stroke piston, driving it backwards, while an extension of the bolt

    carrier interacted with a helical camming slot machined into the bolt

    carrier, converting this linear movement into an angular velocity and

    forcing the bolt into a rotary motion, clearing the locking juts and

    unlocking it near the end of the bolt carrier's travel. The weapon was

    locked into battery by two lugs on the bolt head which recessed into

    appropriate cavities machined into the receiver walls. Owing to its

    main intended use by paratroopers, the rear sight (which necessarily

    was rather high due to the straight stock design) was a flip-up

    construction.[citation needed]

    Receiver specifics and magazine feeding

    The receiver was a sophisticated, machined alloy forging with the

    magazine housing placed on the left-hand side and the ejection port on

    the right. The seemingly awkward placement of the magazine housing

    (horizontally to the side rather than directly beneath the receiver) allowed the bolt mechanism to extend into the

    buttstock assembly, effectively reducing the overall length of the weapon as the magazine well did not interfere with

    the location of the pistol grip. The pistol grip was integrated into the trigger group assembly, a separate housing

    containing the trigger mechanism and fire control components, and was formed from pressed sheet metal during

    fabrication from two separate halves and then welded together.[10]

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    FG 42 5

    The rifle fed from either a 10 or 20-round detachable box magazine.

    Firing

    The FG 42 fired in semi-automatic mode from a closed bolt, accomplished by delaying the release of the firing pin

    (mounted on the bolt carrier and released by the front sear notch) until after the trigger had been pressed; the short

    lock time, and little movement in the action during firing translated into greater single-shot accuracy.[10]

    Whenoperating in the automatic mode, the sear mechanism was designed to fire from an open bolt by simultaneously

    releasing both the bolt and bolt carrier. This had the advantage of preventing a phenomenon known as "cook off"

    where the heat of repeated rounds being fired caused a chambered round to overheat and prematurely ignite the

    powder or primer. With automatic fire selected, the bolt would remain open between bursts to provide maximum

    cooling.[10]

    The rotating fire selector switch was situated in the trigger group, above the pistol grip on the right side.

    The change lever also served as the safety,[10]

    disabling the sear mechanism when engaged.

    Testing

    The FG 42 was intended to fill a key niche in Nazi Germany's arsenal and was produced only in small numbers. It

    was somewhat well received by paratroopers when tested, but it did have its drawbacks. The FG 42 had a 20, or

    sometimes 10, round magazine that was mounted on the left side of the rifle. Though a side-mounted magazine was

    common in submachine guns, the larger magazine with heavier ammunition of a full-powered rifle tended to

    unbalance the weapon. In addition, muzzle rise with automatic fire was substantial and controllable bursts were

    difficult. This made full-automatic fire only marginally useful. The FG 42 used a fairly sophisticated muzzle device

    that did help with recoil and muzzle flash, but made blast and noise much greater than on other similar weapons. The

    US M14 rifle had similar problems and attempts were made to upgrade that rifle the same way with an in-line stock

    and muzzle device.

    Influences/derivatives

    T-44, a US-commissioned FG 42 prototype

    modified for belt-feeding as a light machine gun

    Some features, such as the details of the gas-operated bolt selection

    process, were studied by US Army engineers after the war. These,

    along with some aspects of the MG42, are commonly reported to have

    been incorporated in the similarly troubled M60.

    The American M41 Johnson LMG has many parallels with the

    contemporary FG 42. Both had in-line stocks, fed from the left side,

    and both fired from the open bolt in automatic mode and closed bolt in

    semi-automatic mode. Despite these similarities, there is no evidence

    that either weapon had any effect on the design of the other. As they were both seeking to solve similar problems, it

    is reasonable to expect that each weapon's respective engineers approached these problems similarly but

    independently, unaware of the developments of their counterparts.

    Last known derivatives of the FG 42 were the Sturmgewehr 52 and M60 machine gun.

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    FG 42 6

    Deployment

    AFallschirmjger firing the early FG 42 in June

    1944

    After approximately 2,000 FG 42s had been produced by Krieghoff,

    supplies of the manganese steel from which the receivers were forged

    were diverted to other needs; this meant a redesign was required to use

    stamped sheet metal in its place. Field reports were also requesting

    minor improvements, such as: relocating the bipod from the front of

    the handguard to the muzzle to reduce shot dispersion; changing the

    pistol grip angle to near vertical; enlarging the handguard and changing

    the stock from stamped steel to wood to minimize overheating. These

    changes, particularly the pistol grip change and the bipod relocation,

    are clearly visible on late-model FG 42s. Both models also had a

    simple flip-out spike bayonet under the barrel hidden by the bipod. In the later version the bayonet was shortened

    from around 10 inches (250 mm) to around 6 inches (150 mm).

    References[1][1] Julio S. Guzmn, Las Armas Modernas de Infanter a, Abril de 1953

    [2] Senich, Peter: The German Assault Rifle: 19351945, page 239. Paladin Press, 1987.

    [3] Miller, David:Fighting Men of World War II: Axis Forces : Uniforms, Equipment and Weapons, page 104. Stackpole Books, 2007.

    [4] Bishop, Chris: The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II, page 217. Sterling Publishing, 2002.

    [5] Dugelby, Thomas B.:Death from AboveThe German FG42 Paratroop Rifle, page 3. Collector Grade Publications, 2007.

    [6][6] Dugelby, 4

    [7][7] Dugelby, 5

    [8][8] Dugelby, 8

    [9][9] Dugelby, 9

    [10][10] Senich, 240

    Bibliography

    Bishop, Chris (2002). The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. New York, NY: Sterling Publishing.

    ISBN 1-58663-762-2.

    Dugelby, Thomas B.; R. Blake Stevens (1990, 2007).Death from AboveThe German FG42 Paratroop Rifle.

    Cobourg, ON: Collector Grade Publications. ISBN 0-88935-429-4.

    Miller, David (2007).Fighting Men of World War II: Axis Forces : Uniforms, Equipment and Weapons.

    Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-0277-5.

    Senich, Peter (1987). The German Assault Rifle: 1935-1945. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press. ISBN 0-87364-400-X.

    External links Sport-Systeme Dittrichcivilian BD 42 replica (http://www.ssd-weapon.com/BD_42.1.html)

    SSD BD 42 instruction manual (http://www.ssd-weapon.com/engl_web/downloads_en/fg42_en/Operating

    instructions BD42 DIN A4.pdf)Wikipedia:Link rot

    Modern Firearms (http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl11-e.htm)

    U.S WWII intelligence report on the FG 42 (http://www.lonesentry.com/articles/fg42/index.html)

    Blow-forward FG 42 prototype (http://i225.photobucket.com/albums/dd297/armeiro1/6187-SAA1-1.

    jpg?t=1262524338)

    http://i225.photobucket.com/albums/dd297/armeiro1/6187-SAA1-1.jpg?t=1262524338http://i225.photobucket.com/albums/dd297/armeiro1/6187-SAA1-1.jpg?t=1262524338http://www.lonesentry.com/articles/fg42/index.htmlhttp://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl11-e.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_rothttp://www.ssd-weapon.com/engl_web/downloads_en/fg42_en/Operating%20instructions%20BD42%20DIN%20A4.pdfhttp://www.ssd-weapon.com/engl_web/downloads_en/fg42_en/Operating%20instructions%20BD42%20DIN%20A4.pdfhttp://www.ssd-weapon.com/BD_42.1.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:BookSources/0-87364-400-Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-0277-5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:BookSources/0-88935-429-4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:BookSources/1-58663-762-2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manganesehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ABundesarchiv_Bild_101I-720-0344-09%2C_Frankreich%2C_Fallschirmj%C3%A4ger_mit_Fallschirmj%C3%A4gergewehr.jpg
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    Article Sources and Contributors 7

    Article Sources and ContributorsFG 42 Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=542105970 Contributors: **mech**, 5infBrig, Achang1, Adnan Rahman, Aldis90, Ansh666, Asams10, Avatar9n, Bartleby,

    BeBoldInEdits, Ben 1993, Bender235, BloodyFox, Boris Barowski, CasbahBoy, CeeWhy2, Celarnor, ChewyLSB, Chris the speller, Cmdrjameson, Colonies Chris, Courcelles, Cprompt,

    DTanner, DanMP5, Daniel Quinlan, Deathbunny, Den fjttrade ankan, Denniss, Deon Steyn, DexDor, Diagraph01, Dingo, Doc9871, DroneZone, Duncan Grieve, Dutchguy, E Wing,

    Ecthelion83, Edward, Egfrith, Ekeb, EoGuy, Ergbert, Fallschirmjgergewehr 42, Ferkelparade, Gene Nygaard, Georgewilliamherbert, Get It, Gewhere, GraemeLeggett, GreenGourd, GregorB,

    Greyengine5, Gunnai, Habap, Harizotoh9, Hauptmann, Hohum, Hornsignal, Identification01, Irish Duck, Jamesonellis, JidGom, Jniemenmaa, JustSomePics, Kaelri, Kalmbach, Kelly Martin,

    Kevinalewis, Khazar2, Knihu, KnowledgeOfSelf, Koalorka, Kross, Kyle1278, LWF, Legaiaflame, LiDaobing, Like tears in rain, Luckyfox, MFIreland, Magus732, Mailer diablo, Mentifisto,

    Mike McGregor (Can), Myself0101, Nemo5576, NuclearWarfare, Nukes4Tots, Oberiko, OldakQuill, Omkin, Ose\fio, Pandora85, Parsecboy, Phil1988, PigFlu Oink, Postcello, PranksterTurtle,Quickload, R'n'B, RainbowOfLight, RattusMaximus, Raul654, RedWolf, Riddley, Robert1947, RottweilerCS, Sahfhhdehfgdsagsd, Sakkura, Scienceinc., Sebastian R., Sforgue, Sidar, Silverxxx,

    Skrunyak, Smoothie1, Some guy, Strongbow, Sun Creator, Supersquid, Surv1v4l1st, Sus scrofa, Synthetik, Tomtom9041, Trinjac, Tyrenius, Ugen64, Uiyoa, Veritas Panther, VonMacht,

    Wallenska, Warlord, Wik, WikipedianMarlith, Wikiuser100, Wilhelm Wiesel, Wolfsangel, WotWeiller, Xiloynaha, ZeroOne, 161 anonymous edits

    Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsImage:FG42.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:FG42.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original uploader was Fab-pe at pt.wikipedia.

    File:Flag of German Reich (19351945).svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_German_Reich_(19351945).svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Fornax

    Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-720-0344-11, Frankreich, Fallschirmjger mit FJG 42 in Stellung.jpg Source:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-720-0344-11,_Frankreich,_Fallschirmjger_mit_FJG_42_in_Stellung.jpg License: Creative Commons

    Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Germany Contributors: Burts, Manxruler, Martin H., 1 anonymous edits

    File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-567-1503A-01, Gran Sasso, Fallschirmjger vor Lastensegler.jpg Source:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-567-1503A-01,_Gran_Sasso,_Fallschirmjger_vor_Lastensegler.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike

    3.0 Germany Contributors: Denniss, G.dallorto, Koalorka1, Martin H., Mogelzahn, Nukes4Tots, Roland zh

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