Fastfood Automation

8/17/2019 Fastfood Automation

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FASTFOOD

MANAGMENT

SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY:


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With Candor and Pleasure I take opportunity toexpress my sincere thanks and obligation to myesteemed guide Mr.G.S.Baluja . It is because o his able and mature guidance and co!operation

"ithout "hich it "ould not ha#e been possibleor me to complete my project.

It is my pleasant duty to thank all the sta member o the computer center "ho ne#er hesitated me rom time during the project.

$inally% I grateully ackno"ledge the support%encouragement & patience o my amily% 'nd asal"ays% nothing in my lie "ould be possible"ithout God% (hank )ou*


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+. Preace

,. System Study,.+. Introduction,.,. $easibility Study,.-. System #er#ie"

-. System 'nalysis-.+. Importance o Computeri/ed

$'S($0 M'1'GM21( System-.,. 'bout the Project-.-. $unctional 3e4uirements

5. System 0esign5.+. System 0e#elopment Cycle5.,. Context 6e#el 0$05.-. 0$0 or Car 3enting System5.5. Search Process

7. 0ata 0ictionary7.+. Physical 0esign7.,. Source Code

TABLE OF CONTENT


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8. (esting8.+. (esting Phases8.,. 9eriication & 9alidation

8.-. 3eports

:. System Implementation

;. Post Implementation Maintenance and 3e#ie"

s Manual


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PROBLEM DEFINITION

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM:

(his is a Project "ork undertaken in context o partial ulillment o the BI(. Since$'S($0 is associated "ith the li#es o common people and their day to day routinesso I decided to "ork on this project. (he manual handling o the record is time

consuming and highly prone to error. (he purpose o this project is toautomate the process o day to day acti#ities. (he user can inputs codes o items he "ants to purchase and recei#es a bill. (he acti#ities like purchasing%see menu% add items% modiy item records% delete items and inally recei#ingtotal bill can be perormed easily. 'nd inally a report is generated throughtotaling the expenses and been sho"ed in the orm o a balance sheet.

I ound t"o main key!points to design and programmed my project using(=3B C@@ and its $I62S acility as database storage. $irst% Because(=3B C@@ compiler has the ability to debug the project at run time andgi#es appropriate error messages i it ound in the project at run time. Itshelp is too enough to learn and study any unction o a particular header ileusing the keyboard Aeys Ctrl @ $+ to keep the cursor on that particular unction. Second.I ha#e tried my best to make the complicated process o $'S($0

M'1'G2M21( System as simple as possible using Structured & Modular techni4ue & Menu oriented interace. I ha#e tried to design the sot"are insuch a "ay that user may not ha#e any diiculty in using this package &urther expansion is possible "ithout much eort. 2#en though I cannotclaim that this "ork to be entirely exhausti#e% the main purpose o myexercise is perorm each resturant>s acti#ity in computeri/ed "ay rather thanmanually "hich is time consuming.

I am conident that this sot"are package can be readily used by non! programming personal a#oiding human handled chance o error.

1.2 NEED:

I ha#e designed the gi#en proposed system in the C@@ to automate the process o car renting.


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(he complete set o rules & procedures related to renting a car andgenerating report is called D$'S($0 M'1'G2M21( S)S(2ME. My

project gi#es a brie idea regarding automated renting a car acti#ities.

(he ollo"ing steps that gi#es the detailed inormation o the need o proposed system areF

Perform!"e: 0uring past se#eral decades% the car renting system issupposed to maintain manual handling o all the renting acti#ities. (hemanual handling o the record is time consuming and highly prone to error.(o impro#e the perormance o the car renting system% the computeri/ed car renting system is to be undertaken. (he computeri/ed project is ullycomputeri/ed and user riendly e#en that any o the members can see thereport and status o the car.

Eff#"#e!"$: (he basic need o the project is eiciency. (he projectshould be eicient so that "hene#er a ne" item is added% or item is modiiedor deleted the menu is updated automatically. 'nd i any item is purchased%the bill is generated according to purchase.

Co!%ro&: (he complete control o the project is under the hands o authori/ed person "ho has the pass"ord to access this project and illegal

access is not supposed to deal "ith. 'll the control is under the administrator and the other members ha#e the rights to just see the records not to changeany transaction or entry.

Se"'r#%$: Security is the main criteria or the proposed system. Sinceillegal access may corrupt the database. So security has to be gi#en in this

project.

Sof%(re: Sot"are includes the platorm "here the car renting project is

being prepared. I ha#e done my project using 0S based Compiler (=3BC@@ platorm and the database is the $I62 '106I1G M2C'1ISM $(=3B C@@. But it is not necessary that "e ha#e to irst install (urbo C@@to run this project.


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OB)ECTI*E

0uring the past se#eral decades personnel unction has been

transormed rom a relati#ely obscure record keeping sta tocentral and top le#el management unction. (here are many actorsthat ha#e inluenced this transormation like technologicalad#ances% proessionalism% and general recognition o human

beings as most important resources.

' computer based management system is designed to handle all the primary inormation re4uired to calculate bill "hich include itemo purchase. Separate database is maintained to handle all thedetails re4uired or the correct statement calculation andgeneration.

(his project intends to introduce more user riendliness in the#arious acti#ities such as record updation% maintenance% andsearching. (he searching o record has been made 4uite simple asall the details o the customer can be obtained by simply keying inthe identiication o that customer. Similarly% record maintenance

and updation can also be accomplished by using the identiicationo customer "ith all the details being automatically generated.(hese details are also being promptly automatically updated in themaster ile thus keeping the record absolutely up!to!date.

(he entire inormation has maintained in the database or $iles and"hoe#er "ants to retrie#e can>t retrie#e% only authori/ation user can retrie#e the necessary inormation "hich can be easily be

accessible rom the ile.

(he main objecti#e o the entire acti#ity is to automate the processo day to day acti#ities o purchasing a item rom ast ood corner.


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FEASIBILITY STUDY

(he easibility study proposes one or more conceptual solution to the

problem set o the project. In act% it is an e#aluation o "hether it is"orth"hile to proceed "ith project or not.

$easibility analysis usually considers a number o project alternati#es% onethat is chosen as the most satisactory solution. (hese alternati#es also needto be e#aluated in a broad "ay "ithout committing too many resources.9arious steps in#ol#ed in easibility analysis areF

+. (o propose a set o solution that can reali/e the project goal. (hesesolutions are usually descriptions o "hat the ne" system should look

like.

,. 2#aluation o easibility o such solutions. Such e#aluation otenindicates shortcomings in the initial goals. (his step is repeated as thegoals are adjusted and the alternati#e solutions are e#aluated.

$our primary areas o interest in easibility study areF

E"o!om#" Fe+#,#%$F 'n e#aluation o de#elopment cost "eighed against

the ultimate income o beneit deri#ed rom the de#elopment system o product. In economic easibility% cost beneit analysis is done in "hichexpected cost and beneits are e#aluated.

COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS


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0e#eloping an I( application is an in#estment. Since ater de#eloping thatapplication it pro#ides the organi/ation "ith proits. Proits can be monetaryor in the orm o an impro#ed "orking en#ironment. o"e#er% it carriesrisks% because in some cases an estimate can be "rong. 'nd the projectmight not actually turn out to be beneicial.

Cost beneit analysis helps to gi#e management a picture o the cost% beneits and risks. It usually in#ol#es comparing alternate in#estments.

Cost beneit determines the beneits and sa#ings that are expected rom thesystem and compares them "ith the expected costs.

In perorming cost and beneit analysis it is important to identiy cost and beneits actors. Cost and beneits can be categori/ed into the ollo"ing

categoriesF

+. De-e&ome!% Co+%+ / 0e#elopment costs is the costs that areincurred during the de#elopment o the system. It is one time in#estment.

,. Oer%#!0 Co+%+ / perating Costs are the expenses re4uired or the day to day running o the system. 2xamples o perating Costs areWages% Supplies and #erheads.

-. Hr(reSof%(re Co+%+ / It includes the cost o purchasingor leasing o computers and it>s peripherals. Sot"are costs in#ol#esre4uired SHW costs.

5. Per+o!!e& Co+%+ / It is the money spent on the people in#ol#ed inthe de#elopment o the system.

7. F"#%$ Co+%+ / 2xpenses that are incurred during the preparation o

the physical site "here the system "ill be operational. (hese can be"iring% looring% acoustics% lightning% and air!conditioning.

8. S'&$ Co+%+ / (hese are #ariable costs that are #ery proportionately "ith the amount o use o paper% ribbons% disks% and thelike.


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BENEFITS

We can deine beneits as

Prof#% or Be!ef#% 3 I!"ome / Co+%+

Beneits can be accrued byF

Increasing income% or

0ecreasing costs% or

Both

Te"4!#"& Fe+#,#%$:

(echnical $easibility includes existing and ne" HW and SHW re4uirementsthat are re4uired to operate the project on the platorm (urbo C@@. (he basicSHW re4uirement is (=3B C@@ in "hich the ront end o the hospitalmanagement project has been done. (he basic entry orms are de#eloped in(=3B C@@ and the data is stored in the $I62S.

Oer%#o!& Fe+#,#%$F

perational easibility is mainly concerned "ith issues like "hether thesystem "ill be used i it is de#eloped and implemented. Whether there "ill

be resistance rom users that "ill eect the possible application beneits(he essential 4uestions that help in testing the technical easibility o asystem are ollo"ingF

0oes management support the project

're the users not happy "ith current business practices Will it reduce

the time considerably I yes% then they "ill "elcome the change and the

ne" system. a#e the users in#ol#ed in the planning and de#elopment o the project

2arly in#ol#ement reduced the probability o resistance to"ards the ne"system.


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Will the proposed system really beneit the organi/ation 0oes the

o#erall response increase Will accessibility o inormation be lost Willthe system eect the customers in considerable "ay

Le0& Fe+#,#%$F

' determination o any inringement% #iolation% or liability that could resultrom de#elopment o the system. 6egal easibility tells that the sot"areused in the project should be original purchased rom the legal authoritiesand they ha#e the license to use it or the sot"are are pirated.

A&%er!%#-e+F

'n e#aluation o alternati#e approaches to the de#elopment o system or product.

Co+% ! Be!ef#% A!&$+#+ of f+% foo re+%'r!%


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Co+%+:

Cost Cost per unit Juantity Cost

Sof%(re

T'r,o C55

W#!o(+ NT

Ser-er

W#!o(+ 67

Hr(re

-%???-?%???+7%???5%???

+++,

-%???-?%???+7%??? ;%???

Ce!%r& Com'%er

Client Machine0e#elopment

+??%???7?%???

+5

+%??%???,%??%???

'nalyst0e#eloper (raining0ata 2ntryWarranty + month

7?%???,?%???,?%???7%????

+,++

7?%???5?%???,?%??? 7%???

Proessional ,?%??? + ,?%???

TOTAL COST 5%


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1et Present 9alue origin K Beneits CostsK+5;8;???!5


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$rom cost and beneit analysis "e ha#e ound that the project iseconomically easible since it is sho"ing great gains approx. abo#e-???N.

'ter economic easibility% technical easibility is done. In this% major issueis to see i the system is de#eloped "hat is the likelihood that it>ll beimplemented and put to operation Will there be any resistance rom itsuser

It is clear that the ne" automated system "ill "ork more eiciently andaster. So the users "ill certainly accept it. 'lso they are being acti#elyin#ol#ed in the de#elopment o the ne" system. So our system isoperationally easible.

'ter the easibility study has been done and it is ound to be easible% themanagement has appro#ed this project.


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FACT FINDING TECHNI8UES

(he unctioning o the system is to be understood by the system analyst todesign the proposed system. 9arious methods are used or this and these arekno"n as act!inding techni4ues. (he analyst needs to ully understand thecurrent system.

(he analyst needs data about the re4uirements and demands o the projectundertaken and the techni4ues employed to gather this data are kno"n asact!inding techni4ues. 9arious kinds o techni4ues and the most popular among them are inter#ie"s% 4uestionnaires% record #ie"s% case tools and alsothe personal obser#ations made by the analyst himsel.

I!%er-#e(+

Inter#ie" is a #ery important data gathering techni4ue as in this the analystdirectly contacts system and the potential user o the proposed system.

ne #ery essential aspect o conducting the inter#ie" is that the inter#ie"er should irst establish a rapport "ith the inter#ie"ee. It should also be takeninto account that the inter#ie"ee may or may not be a technician and theanalyst should preer to use day to day language instead o jargon and

technical terms.

(he ad#antage o the inter#ie" is that the analyst has a ree hand and the hecan extract almost all the inormation rom the concerned people but then asit is a #ery time consuming method% he should also employ other means suchas 4uestionnaires% record re#ie"s% etc. (his may also help the analyst to#eriy and #alidate the inormation gained. Inter#ie"ing should beapproached% as logically and rom a general point o #ie" the ollo"ingguides can be #ery beneicial or a successul inter#ie"F+. Set the stage or the inter#ie".,. 2stablish rapportO put the inter#ie" at ease.-. Phrase 4uestions clearly and succinctly.5. Be a good listenerO a #oid arguments.7. 2#aluate the outcome o the inter#ie".

(he inter#ie"s are o the t"o types namely +%r'"%'re and '!+%r'"%'re.


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I . S%r'"%'re I!%er-#e(

Structured inter#ie"s are those "here the inter#ie"ee is asked a standard set

o 4uestions in a particular order. 'll inter#ie"s are asked the same set o 4uestions. (he 4uestions are urther di#ided into t"o kinds o ormats or conducting this type i inter#ie".

II. U!+%r'"%'re I!%er-#e(

(he unstructured inter#ie"s are undertaken in a 4uestion!and!ans"er ormat.(his is o a much more lexible nature than the structured and can be #eryrightly used to gather general in ormation about the system.

JuestionnairesF

Juestionnaires are another "ay o inormation gathering "here the potentialusers o the system are gi#en 4uestionnaires to be illed up and returned tothe analyst.

Juestionnaires are useul "hen the analyst need to gather inormation roma large number o people. It is not possible to inter#ie" each indi#idual. 'lso

i the time is #ery short% in that case also 4uestionnaires are useul. I theanalyst guarantees the anonymity o the respondent then the respondentans"ers the 4uestionnaires #ery honestly and critically.

(he analyst should sensibly design and rame 4uestionnaires "ith clarity o it>s objecti#e so as to do just to the cost incurred on their de#elopment anddistribution.

3ecord 3e#ie"s

3ecords and reports are the collection o inormation and data accumulatedo#er the time by the users about the system and it>s operations. (his can also

put light on the re4uirements o the system and the modiications it hasundergone. 3ecords and reports may ha#e a limitation i they are not up!to!date or i some essential links are missing. 'll the changes% "hich the systemsuers% may not be recorded. (he analyst may scrutini/e the records either at


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the beginning o his study "hich may gi#e him a air introduction about thesystem and "ill make him amiliar "ith it or in the end "hich "ill pro#idethe analyst "ith a comparison bet"een "hat exactly isH"as desired rom thesystem and it>s current "orking.

n!Site bser#ation

n!site obser#ations are one o the most eecti#ely tools "ith the analyst"here the analyst personally goes to the site and disco#ers the unctioning o the system. 's a obser#er% the analyst can gain irst hand kno"ledge o theacti#ities% operations% processes o the system on!site% hence here the role o an analyst is o an inormation seeker. (his inormation is #ery meaningulas it is unbiased and has been directly taken by the analyst. (his exposure

also sheds some light on the actual happenings o the system as compared to"hat has already been documented% thus the analyst gets closer to system.(his techni4ue is also time!consuming and the analyst should not jump toconclusions or dra" inerences rom small samples o obser#ation rather theanalyst should be more patient in gathering the inormation. (his method isho"e#er less eecti#e or learning about people>s perceptions% eelings andmoti#ations.

ANALYST9S INTER*IEW WITH

ADMINISTRATORA!&$+%: i% I ha#e come to talk to you regarding the unctioning

o your ast ood management project.

Am#!#+%r%or: hello% do come in. I "as expecting you.

A!&$+%: I>ll come straight to the point. 0on>t hesitateO you can beas much open you "ant. (here are no restrictions.

Am#!#+%r%or: I>ll gi#e you my "hole contribution.

A!&$+%: (ell me are you excited about the idea o ha#ing anautomated system or your ast ood management

Am#!#+%r%or: )es% I do. 9ery much. 'ter all it>s gonna reduce our loads o "ork.


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A!&$+%: Will you elaborate on it

Am#!#+%r%or: Major problem is managing the status "hether item isa#ailable and details about each item like name and costo item . (here are so many items and the numbers o

customers. 't the time o purchasing items% it becomesmore diicult to handle many customers and generating

bill o their purchases.

A!&$+%: What do you think be ideal solution to this

Am#!#+%r%or: 'll the inormation o items o menu% customers and costo items should be put into computer. It>ll be easy or usto kno" cost o item and generate bill according to

purchase o item by customer.

A!&$+%: Could you explain ho"

Am#!#+%r%or: 6ook "hene#er a ne" customer comes by reading menuhe can order items and according to cost o item andnumber o items purchases bill is generated.

A!&$+%: 0o you ha#e dierent customers categories

Am#!#+%r%or: 1o "e don>t ha#e categori/ation or customers.

A!&$+%: o" do you categori/e your itemsAm#!#+%r%or: By item number .

A!&$+%: 0o you ha#e any other expectations or suggestion or thene" system

Am#!#+%r%or: It should be able to produce reports aster.

A!&$+%: 3eports I completely orgot about them. What reportsyou people produce presently

Am#!#+%r%or: Well irst is or items in the menu and report about bill o the customer.

A!&$+%: 0o you ha#e some ormat or them

Am#!#+%r%or: )es "e do ha#e and "e "ant that the same ormat beused by the ne" system.


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A!&$+%: )es "e>ll take care o that. 'ny other suggestions

Am#!#+%r%or: 1o. )ou ha#e already co#ered all the ields.

A!&$+%: (hanks or your co!operation. It "as nice talking to you.Am#!#+%r%or: My pleasure. Bye.


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SYSTEM O*ER*IEW

(he limited time and resources ha#e restricted us to incorporate% in this

project% only a main acti#ities that are perormed in a $'S( $0M'1'GM21( System% but utmost care has been taken to make the systemeicient and user riendly. D$'S( $0 M'1'GM21( SystemE has beendesigned to computeri/ed the ollo"ing unctions that are perormed by thesystemF

+. I(2MS 0etail $unctions

a 'dding a 1e" I(2M

b Modiication to I(2Mc 0eleting I(2M.

,. Customers 0etail $unctions

a 'dmission o 1e" customer b Item purchased by customer.

. Reor%De%#&+ F'!"%#o!+

a Statement o Items 0etailsa.+ '#ailability o a itema., Cost o item

b (otal number o Customersc Indi#idual Customer 3eport


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IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTERI;ED

RESTURANT SYSTEM

(here are se#eral attributes in "hich the computer based inormation"orks. Broadly the "orking o computer system is di#ided into t"o maingroupsF

♦ (ransaction System

♦ 0ecision Support System

Tr!+"%#o! S$+%emF

' transaction is a record o some "ell!deined single and usually smalloccurrence in a system. (ransactions are input into the computer toupdate the database iles. It checks the entering data or its accuracy. (hismeans that numeric data appears in numeric ield and character data incharacter ield. nce all the checks are made% transaction is used toupdate the database. (ransaction can be inputted in on!line mode or batchmode. In on!line mode% transactions are entered and updated into thedatabase almost instantaneously. In batch mode% transactions arecollected into batches% "hich may be held or a "hile and inputted later.

De"#+#o! S'or% S$+%emF

It assists the user to make analytical decision. It sho"s the #arious data inorgani/ed "ay called analysis. (his analysis can be made to study

preerences and help in making decisions. Computer system "orks out best "ith record maintenance. It "ill tell you

"hich customer "ould get ho" much pendingHreports statements. It "illalso help to search the inormation about a particular person by simplyentering his telephone number.

=ser can store inormation as per re4uirement% "hich can be used or comparison "ith other reports.


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FUNCTION DETAILS

(he basic objecti#e o FAST FOOD MANAGMENT SYSTEM is to

generali/e and simpliy the monthly or day to day acti#ities oPurchasing like 'dmission o 1e" items% modiy item or deleting item

purchasing a item according to item a#ailable in menu an according to purchase generating the bill "hich has to be perormed repeatedly on regular

basis. (o pro#ide eicient% ast% reliable and user!riendly system is the basic motto behind this exercise.

6et us no" discuss ho" dierent unctions handle the structure and datailesF

+. $unction 12WI(2M

(his is the unction used to add a ne" item in a menu or a customer so that heHshe can purchase a ne" item. In that screen% the automaticitem is created.

,. $unction M0I$)I(2M

(his unction is used to modiy the item number and name in themenu and list o the items in the restaurant.

-. $unction 0262(2I(2M

(his unction is used to delete the item rom the menu o therestaurant% then the item record "ill be deleted rom thedatabase and transerred the record o the deleted item toanother table o database so that the $ast ood Managementhas the record o deleted items to ulill his legal liabilities.


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5. $unction G2123'(2BI66

When any item is purchased% its bill is generated automatically bycalculating the number o the items purchased and cost o item .

7. $unction 0ISP6')32C30

(his unction is used to display all the transaction including the itemname% its cost. 'nd the bill "hich is generated according to the

purchase o item by customer. (his is a global report to display all thetransaction records in the screen.


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TESTING

S%!r C ! Pre


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(here are a e" special cases "here this techni4ue is hard to use. $or example% i a unction argument needs to hold the system type dev_t% you

run into trouble% because dev_t is shorter than int on some machinesO but

you cannot use int instead% because dev_t is "ider than int on some

machines. (here is no type you can saely use on all machines in a non!standard deinition. (he only "ay to support non!standard C and pass suchan argument is to check the "idth o dev_t using 'utocon and choose the

argument type accordingly. (his may not be "orth the trouble.

In order to support pre!standard compilers that do not recogni/e prototypes%you may "ant to use a preprocessor macro like thisF

/* Declare the prototype for a general externalfunction. */

#if defined (__STD__) !! defined ("$D%"S$T)#define &_(proto) proto#el'e#define &_(proto) ()

Rendi

Co!#%#o!& Com#&%#o!

When supporting coniguration options already kno"n "hen building your

program "e preer using if (... ) o#er conditional compilation% as inthe ormer case the compiler is able to perorm more extensi#e checking o all possible code paths.$or example% please "rite

if (S_%%) ... el'e

...

instead oF

#ifdef S_%% ... #el'e ...


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Rendi

' modern compiler such as GCC "ill generate exactly the same code in bothcases% and "e ha#e been using similar techni4ues "ith good success inse#eral projects.

While this is not a sil#er bullet sol#ing all portability problems% ollo"ingthis policy "ould ha#e sa#ed the GCC project alone many people hours i not days per year.

In the case o unction!like macros like +-+S__0%D in GCC

"hich cannot be simply used in if( ...) statements% there is an easy

"orkaround. Simply introduce another macroS_+-+S__0%D as in the ollo"ing exampleF

#ifdef +-+S__0%D #define S_+-+S__0%D 1 #el'e #define S_+-+S__0%D 2

Rendi

Form%%#!0 Error Me++0e+

2rror messages rom compilers should look like thisF

Source-file-nameFlinenoF message

I you "ant to mention the column number% use one o these ormatsF

Source-file-nameFlinenoFcolumnF messageSource-file-nameFlineno.columnF message

6ine numbers should start rom + at the beginning o the ile% and column numbers should

start rom + at the beginning o the line. Both o these con#entions are chosen orcompatibility. Calculate column numbers assuming that space and all 'SCII printingcharacters ha#e e4ual "idth and assuming tab stops e#ery ; columns.

In an interacti#e program one that is reading commands rom a terminal% itis better not to include the program name in an error message. (he place toindicate "hich program is running is in the prompt or "ith the screen layout.


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When the same program runs "ith input rom a source other than aterminal% it is not interacti#e and "ould do best to print error messages usingthe non!interacti#e style.

(he string message should not begin "ith a capital letter "hen it ollo"s a program name andHor ile name. 'lso% it should not end "ith a period.2rror messages rom interacti#e programs% and other messages such as usagemessages% should start "ith a capital letter. But they should not end "ith a

period.

FUNCTIONAL RE8UIREMENT


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(he platorm is the hard"are and sot"are combination that theClientHSer#er runs on. While hard"are systems #ary "idely in eatures andcapabilities% certain common eatures are needed or the operating systemsot"are.

HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS

ard"are is a set o physical components% "hich perorms the unctions o applying appropriate% predeined instructions. In other "ords% one can saythat electronic and mechanical parts o computer constitute hard"are.

(his package is designed on a po"erul programming language C@@. It canrun on almost all the popular microcomputers. (he ollo"ing are the

minimum hard"are speciications to run this packageF !

Pro"e++or+ ! memor$(he best system to start "ith is one based on Pentium II "ith a minimum -,MB o 3'M. 'de4uate perormance re4uires at least 85 MB o 3'M. Butor a database ser#er at least 85 to +,; MB o 3'M is re4uired.

*#eo #+&$+2arlier% the IBM!compatible computers had a simple text!only monochrome

or the #ideo display. 1o"% they use the ad#anced high!resolution color displays. $or ClientHSer#er systems one should ha#e 9G' or better #ideodisplay.

In the ollo"ing table (6' stands or the #arious types o adapters that can be used "ith IBM compatible PCs and the standard resolution or each oneo them.

ADAPTER TYPE TLA STANDARD RESOLUTION

Monochrome 0isplay'dapter

M0' (ext only ;? characters by ,7lines


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Color Graphics 'dapter CG' 85? × ,??

2nhanced Graphics'dapter

2G' 85?× -7?

9ideo Graphics 'rray 9G' 85? × 5;?

Super 9G' S9G' ;??× 8?? or +?,5× :8;

D#+= Dr#-e+2ach client computer must ha#e enough disk space a#ailable to store theclient portion o the sot"are and any data iles that needs to be storedlocally.

It is best to pro#ide a local disk dri#e or each client computer. o"e#er ClientHSer#er applications can use the “diskless workstations” or "hich theonly disk access is the disk storage located on a net"ork ile ser#er. (he harddisk dri#e at database ser#er should be at least o the capacity 5.+ GB. But itis recommended to ha#e one o capacity ;., GB.

Mo'+e' mouse is a must or the client sot"are running under Windo"s S or anyother graphical en#ironment.

Ke$,or2ach client must ha#e a +?5 keys extended keyboard.

SOFTWARE RE8UIREMENTS


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(he sot"are is a set o procedures o coded inormation or a program "hich"hen ed into the computer hard"are% enables the computer to perorm the#arious tasks. Sot"are is like a current inside the "ire% "hich cannot beseen but its eect can be elt.

'pplication sot"are F (=3B C@@ 0os BasedT

SYSTEM DE*ELOPMENT LIFE

CYCLE


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=ser 3e#ised 3e4uirement 3e4uirement Speciication

0ecision to0esign InormationSystem

$easibility(est Plan Study

.

6ogical System 0esign $unctional Spec.

Physical 3e4uirement

System Coniguration 0ata

Schedule Budget

System Modiication Impro#ed System Maintenance

CONTE>T LE*EL DFD

3e4uirement0eterminatio

n

Initial3e4uirementIn#estigatio

n

$easibility

'nalysis

SystemImplementation

System0esign

SystemSpeciic

ation'nalysi

s

System2#aluation

ard"areStudy


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FAST FOOD MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM

ITEMCUSTOMER

GENERATE

BILL

FASTFOOD

MANAGEMEN

T SYSTEM

PRINT

DE*ICE


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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

ADDING A NEW ITEM

$I62

Item 0ocument

Process

=pdate (able

ITEM+ Generating

ne" item no.

+.+ 0isplay$orm

+., Get0etails

+.-pen

+.5=pdate


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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

RECORD MODIFICATION

$I62

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

=pdateProcessing

Scan 3ecord

USER

+3ead the item

number

,Sho" the0etails o

3ecord

-Modiy

0etails o3ecord


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LISTING OF ITEMS

$I62

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Scan 3ecord

Processing

Processing utput

(o ScreenHPrinter

$inal utput

+3ead the

Itemnumber

, Select3ecordrom

0atabase

- CopySelected3ecord

5Compute

(otal

8 CopySelected3ecord

7 Select3ecord

;Generate(otal 6ist

:Compute

Bill

OUTPUT

UNIT

ITEM


40/107


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LIST OF ALL RECORDS

$I62

$inal utput

utput

Processing

Processing

Scan 'll 3ecord

MANAG

EMENT

+3ead the3e4uest

, Select3ecord

rom $ile

- Copy

Selected3ecord

5Compute

(otal

7Select3ecord

: CopySelected3ecord

:Compute

bill

; Generate(otal 6ist

(o ScreenHPrinter

OUTPUT


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S$+%em De+#0!

(he design document that "e "ill de#elop during this phase is the blueprinto the sot"are. It describes ho" the solution to the customer problem is to

be built. Since solution to complex problems isn>t usually ound in the irsttry% iterations are most likely re4uired. (his is true or sot"are design as"ell. $or this reason% any design strategy% design method% or designlanguage must be lexible and must easily accommodate changes due toiterations in the design. 'ny techni4ue or design needs to support and guidethe partitioning process in such a "ay that the resulting sub!problems are asindependent as possible rom each other and can be combined easily or thesolution to the o#erall problem. Sub!problem independence and easy

combination o their solutions reduces the complexity o the problem. (hisis the objecti#e o the partitioning process. Partitioning or decompositionduring design in#ol#es three types o decisionsF !0eine the boundaries along "hich to breakO0etermine into ho" money pieces to breakO andIdentiy the proper le#el o detail "hen design should stop andimplementation should start.Basic design principles that enable the sot"are engineer to na#igate thedesign process suggest a set o principles or sot"are design% "hich ha#e

been adapted and extended in the ollo"ing listF$ree rom the suer rom Qtunnel #ision.Q ' good designer should consider alternati#e approaches% judging each based on the re4uirements o the

problem% the resources a#ailable to do the job.(he design should be traceable to the analysis model. Because a singleelement o the design model oten traces to multiple re4uirements% it isnecessary to ha#e a means or tracking ho" re4uirements ha#e been satisied

by the design model.(he design should not repeat the same thing. Systems are constructed usinga set o design patterns% many o "hich ha#e likely been encountered beore.

(hese patterns should al"ays be chosen as an alternati#e to rein#ention.(ime is short and resources are limited* 0esign time should be in#ested inrepresenting truly ne" ideas and integrating those patterns that already exist.(he design should Qminimi/e the intellectual distanceQ bet"een the sot"areand the problem as it exists in the real "orld. (hat is% the structure o thesot"are design should "hene#er possible mimic the structure o the

problem domain.


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(he design should exhibit uniormity and integration. ' design is uniorm i it appears that one person de#eloped the entire thing. 3ules o style andormat should be deined or a design team beore design "ork begins. 'design is integrated i care is taken in deining interaces bet"een designcomponents.(he design acti#ity begins "hen the re4uirements document or the sot"areto be de#eloped is a#ailable. (his may be the S3S or the complete system%as is the case i the "aterall model is being ollo"ed or the re4uirements or the next QiterationQ i the iterati#e enhancement is being ollo"ed or there4uirements or the prototype i the prototyping is being ollo"ed. Whilethe re4uirements speciication acti#ity is entirely in the problem domain%design is the irst step in mo#ing rom the problem domain to"ard thesolution domain. 0esign is essentially the bridge bet"een re4uirementsspeciication and the inal solution or satisying the re4uirements.

(he design o a system is essentially a blueprint or a plan or a solution or the system. We consider a system to be a set o components "ith clearlydeined beha#ior that interacts "ith each other in a ixed deined manner to

produce some beha#ior or ser#ices or its en#ironment. ' component o asystem can be considered a system% "ith its o"n components. In a sot"aresystem% a component is a sot"are module.(he design process or sot"are systems% oten% has t"o le#els. 't the irstle#el% the ocus is on deciding "hich modules are needed or the system% thespeciications o these modules% and ho" the modules should beinterconnected. (his is "hat is called the system design or top!le#el design.In the second le#el% the internal design o the modules% or ho" thespeciications o the module can be satisied% is decided. (his design le#el isoten called detailed design or logic design. 0etailed design essentiallyexpands the system design to contain a more detailed description o the

processing logic and data structures so that the design is suicientlycomplete or coding.Because the detailed design is an extension o system design% the systemdesign controls the major structural characteristics o the system. (he systemdesign has a major impact on the testability and modiiability o a system%

and it impacts its eiciency. Much o the design eort or designingsot"are is spent creating the system design.(he input to the design phase is the speciications or the system to bedesigned. ence% a reasonable entry criteria can be that the speciications arestable and ha#e been appro#ed% hoping that the appro#al mechanism "illensure that the speciications are complete% consistent% unambiguous% etc.(he output o the top!le#el design phase is the architectural design or the


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system design or the sot"are system to be built. (his can be produced "ithor "ithout using a design methodology. ' reasonable exit criteria or the

phase could be that the design has been #eriied against the inputspeciications and has been e#aluated and appro#ed or 4uality.' design can be object!oriented or unction!oriented. In unction!orienteddesign% the design consists o module deinitions% "ith each modulesupporting a unctional abstraction. In object!oriented design% the modules inthe design represent data abstraction these abstractions are discussed inmore detail later. In the unction!oriented methods or design and describeone particular methodology the structured design methodology in somedetail. In a unction! oriented design approach% a system is #ie"ed as atransormation unction% transorming the inputs to the desired outputs. (he

purpose o the design phase is to speciy the components or thistransormation unction% so that each component is also a transormation

unction. ence% the basic output o the system design phase% "hen aunction oriented design approach is being ollo"ed% is the deinition o allthe major data structures in the system% all the major modules o the system%and ho" the modules interact "ith each other.

nce the designer is satisied "ith the design he has produced% thedesign is to be precisely speciied in the orm o a document. (o speciy thedesign% speciication languages are used. Producing the design speciicationis the ultimate objecti#e o the design phase. (he purpose o this designdocument is 4uite dierent rom that o the design notation. Whereas adesign represented using the design notation is largely to be used by thedesigner% a design speciication has to be so precise and complete that it can

be used as a basis o urther de#elopment by other programmers. Generally%design speciication uses textual structures% "ith design notation helping inunderstanding.


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S"4e'!0

Scheduling o a sot"are project does not dier greatly rom scheduling o any multi! task engineering eort. (hereore% generali/ed project schedulingtools and techni4ues can be applied "ith little modiication to sot"are

projects.Program e#aluation and re#ie" techni4ue P23( and critical path methodCPM are t"o project scheduling methods that can be applied to sot"arede#elopment. Both techni4ues are dri#en by inormation already de#elopedin earlier project planning acti#ities.

E+%#m%e+ of Effor%

' decomposition o the product unction

(he selection o the appropriate process model and task set

0ecomposition o tasks

Interdependencies among tasks may be deined using a task net"ork. (asks%sometimes called the project Work Breakdo"n Structure WBS are deinedor the product as a "hole or or indi#idual unctions.Both P23( and CPM pro#ide 4uantitati#e tools that allo" the sot"are

planner to + determine the critical path!the chain o tasks that determinesthe duration o the projectO , establish Qmost likelyQ time estimates or

indi#idual tasks by applying statistical modelsO and - calculate QboundarytimesQ that deine a time "indo"Q or a particular task.Boundary time calculations can be #ery useul in sot"are projectscheduling. Slippage in the design o one unction% or example% can retardurther de#elopment o other unctions. It describes important boundarytimes that may be discerned rom a P23( or CPM net"orkF I the earliesttime that a task can begin "hen preceding tasks are completed in the shortest

possible time% , the latest time or task initiation beore the minimum project completion time is delayed% - the earliest inish!the sum o the

earliest start and the task duration% 5 the latest inish! the latest start timeadded to task duration% and 7 the total loat!the amount o surplus time or lee"ay allo"ed in scheduling tasks so that the net"ork critical pathmaintained on schedule. Boundary time calculations lead to a determinationo critical path and pro#ide the manager "ith a 4uantitati#e method or e#aluating progress as tasks are completed.


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Both P23( and CPM ha#e been implemented in a "ide #ariety o automatedtools that are a#ailable or the personal computer. Such tools are easy to useand take the scheduling methods described pre#iously a#ailable to e#erysot"are project manager.


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HHL1ameF G2CHH6anguageF CUC@@HHCategoryF 0atabaseU$ilesHH0escriptionF it is like a super!mart "here user inputs codes o

itemsHHhe "ants to purchase and recei#es a bill.LHHHHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH P3V2C( $'S(!$0 '=(M'(I1HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH I1C6=020 2'023 $I62SHHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLRinclude iostream.hXRinclude stream.hXRinclude process.hX

Rinclude string.hXRinclude stdlib.hXRinclude stdio.hXRinclude ctype.hXRinclude conio.hXRinclude dos.hXHHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH C6'SS 1'M2 F menu

HH 02('I6S F I( C1(36S 923 '66 (2$=1C(I1SHHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

class menu


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Y public F

#oid mainmenu#oid O pri#ate F

#oid box#oid O#oid boxorlist#oidO#oid help#oidO#oid editmenu#oid O

Z O

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

LLLLLLHH C6'SS 1'M2 F oodHH 02('I6S F I( C1(36S 923 '66 (2$=1C(I1SHH 326'(20 ( $0 I(2MSHHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

class oodY public F

#oid additem#oid O#oid deleteitem#oid O#oid modiyitem#oid O#oid listoitem#oid O#oid purchase#oid O

pri#ate F

int lastcode#oid O#oid deleterecordint O#oid modiyrecordint O#oid displayrecordint Oint itemoundint Oint recordnoint O


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#oid sort#oid Oint itemcode Ochar itemname-?T Oloat itemcost% itemprice O

Z O

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH C6'SS 1'M2 F accountHH 02('I6S F I( C1(36S 923 '66 (2$=1C(I1S

HH 326'(20 ( M'AI1G BI66HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLclass accountY

public F#oid billlist#oid O#oid preparebillint O

int lastbillno#oid O#oid addbillint% int titemcode% char Ltitemname% loat t4ty%loat tcost% loat tprice O

pri#ate Fint code% billno% length Oint dd% mm% yy Oloat cost% price% 4uantity Ochar name-?T O

Z O

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 03'WS B[ $3 (2 M21=SHHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL


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#oid menu FF box#oidY

char c+K+:;% c,K+::% c-K+:8 Oint kK+ O

gotoxy+%, Oor int iK+O iK+;5?O i@@Y

i k KK +cout c+ O

elsei k KK ,

cout c, O

elsei k KK -

cout c- Ok@@ Oi k KK 5

k K + OZor iK7O iK,+O i@@

Y gotoxy,+%i Ocout Q Q O

ZZ

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

HH (IS C6'SS C1('I1S $=1C(I1S 326'(20 ( 03'W' B[ 2(C.HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLclass shapeY


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public F#oid linehorint% int% int% char O#oid line#erint% int% int% char O#oid boxint%int%int%int%char O

Z O

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH $=1C(I1 ( 03'W 3I\1('6 6I12HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

#oid shape FF linehorint column+% int column,% int ro"% char cY

or column+O column+Kcolumn,O column+@@ Y

gotoxycolumn+%ro" Ocout c O

Z

Z

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH $=1C(I1 ( 03'W 923(IC'6 6I12HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

#oid shape FF line#erint ro"+% int ro",% int column% char cY

or ro"+O ro"+Kro",O ro"+@@ Y

gotoxycolumn%ro"+ Ocout c O


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ZZ

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH $=1C(I1 ( 03'W B[ 6I12HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

#oid shape FF boxint column+% int ro"+% int column,% int ro",%char

cY

char chK,+; Ochar c+% c,% c-% c5 Ochar l+K+


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gotoxycolumn+%ro"+ Ocout c+ Ogotoxycolumn,%ro"+ Ocout c, O

gotoxycolumn+%ro", Ocout c- Ogotoxycolumn,%ro", Ocout c5 Ocolumn+@@ Ocolumn,!! Olinehorcolumn+%column,%ro"+%l+ Olinehorcolumn+%column,%ro",%l+ O

column+!! Ocolumn,@@ Oro"+@@ Oro",!! Oline#erro"+%ro",%column+%l, Oline#erro"+%ro",%column,%l, O

Z

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH $=1C(I1 ( 0ISP6') 26P 'B=( (2 P3V2C(HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

#oid menu FF help#oidY

clrscr O

shape s Os.box,%+%:


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gotoxy,+%-O cprintQW26CM2 ( P3V2C( $'S(!$0 Q O

cprintQ'=(M'(I1QOtextcolor6IG(G3') O

delay+? Ogotoxy+?%8O cout QIn this Project you can keep record

o daily consumptionQ Odelay+? Ogotoxy+?%:O cout Qo ood items. Q Odelay+? Ogotoxy+?%


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gotoxy+?%,5O cout Q! 'nd the last option is Juit 2xit to0os. Q O

delay+? OtextcolorB6=2@B6I1A O

HHtextbackground320@WI(2 Ogotoxy,8%,7 O cprintQ Press any key to continue Q Otextcolor6IG(G3') O HHtextbackground320 Ogotoxy,7%, Ogetch Oor int iK,7O iXK+O i!!Y

delay,? O

gotoxy+%i O clreol OZ

ZHHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 03'WS (2 B[ $3 (2 6IS( $$0 I(2MSHHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

LLLLLL#oid menu FF boxorlistY

shape s Os.box,%+%:


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cprintQI(2M C02 I(2M 1'M2 I(2MCS( I(2M P3IC2Q O

textcolor6IG(G3') OHH textbackgroundB6'CA Oint d+% m+% y+ O

struct date dOgetdate&dOd+ K d.daday Om+ K d.damon Oy+ K d.dayear Ogotoxy5%, Ocout Q0ateF Q d+ QHQ m+ QHQ y+ O

Z

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 C32'(2 M'I1 M21= '10 C'66S(23 $=1C(I1SHHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

#oid menu FF mainmenu#oidY

clrscr Ochar ch O"hile +Y

clrscr O HH box O

HH boxorlistO HH helpO HH textmode

gotoxy-,%8 Ocout Q$ ' S ( $ 0Q Ogotoxy-,%: O


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cout Q]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]Q Ogotoxy-,%


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a.billlistOZelsei ch KK ^?^

break OZ

Z

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 C32'(2S 20I( M21= '10 C'66S

(23 $=1C(I1SHHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

#oid menu FF editmenu#oidY

char ch O"hile +

Y or int iK7O iK,+O i@@Y

gotoxy,+%i Ocout Q Q O

Zgotoxy-,%8 Ocout Q2 0 I ( M 2 1 =Q Ogotoxy-,%: O

cout Q]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]Q Ogotoxy-,%+? Ocout Q+F '00 I(2MQ Ogotoxy-,%+, Ocout Q,F M0I$) I(2MQ Ogotoxy-,%+5 O


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cout Q-F 0262(2 I(2MQ Ogotoxy-,%+8 Ocout Q?F 2[I(Q Ogotoxy-,%+


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int ro" K 8 % ound K ? % pageno K + Ogotoxy-?%, Ocout Q6IS( $ I(2MSQ Ogotoxy,


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clrscr Ogotoxy-?%, Ocout Q6IS( $ I(2MSQ Ogotoxy-%5 O

cout QI(2M C02 I(2M 1'M2 I(2MCS( I(2M P3IC2Q O

gotoxy,%7 O

coutQ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]Q O

Z

elsero"@@ O

Zi *ound Y

gotoxy7%+? Ocout QU:3ecords not oundQ O

Z

gotoxy88%+ Ocout QPage no. F Q pageno Ogotoxy88%, Ocout QKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQ Ogotoxy+%,7 Ocout QPress any key to continue...Q Ogetche Oile.close O

Z

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 '00 32C30S I1 (2 $0 $I62$0.0'(


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#oid ood FF additem#oid

Yint tcode% #alid Ochar ch% titemcost+?T% titemprice+?T Otcode K lastcode Otcode@@ OdoY

clrscr O

gotoxy:+%, Ocout Q?XK2xitQ Ogotoxy,:%- Ocout Q'00 $0 I(2M ( (2 M21=Q Ogotoxy,8%5 Ocout Q]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]Q Ogotoxy7%8 Ocout QItem Code F Q tcode O

gotoxy7%; Ocout QItem 1ame F Q Ogotoxy7%+? Ocout QItem Cost F Q Ogotoxy7%+, Ocout QItem Price F Q OdoY

#alid K + O

gotoxy+%; O clreol Ogotoxy+%,5 O clreol Ogotoxy+%,7 O clreol Ogotoxy-%,7 Ocout Q21(23 I(2M 1'M2 ( '00 I1 (2

M21=Q O


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gotoxy7%; Ocout QItem 1ame F Q Ogetsitemname Ostrupritemname O

i itemname?T KK ^?^return O

i strlenitemname + __ strlenitemname X,?

Y#alid K ? Ogotoxy-%,5 Ocout QU: 3ange K +..,? nly lettersQ O

getch OZ

Z "hile *#alid OdoY

#alid K + Ogotoxy+%+? O clreol Ogotoxy+%,5 O clreol O

gotoxy+%,7 O clreol Ogotoxy-%,7 Ocout Q21(23 I(2M CS( ( '00 I1 (2

M21=Q Ogotoxy7%+? Ocout QItem Cost F Q Ogetstitemcost Oitemcost K atotitemcost Oi titemcost?T KK ^?^

return Oi itemcost + __ itemcost X ;??Y

#alid K ? Ogotoxy-%,5 Ocout QU: 3ange K +..;??Q O


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getch OZ

Z "hile *#alid Odo

Y#alid K + Ogotoxy+%+, O clreol Ogotoxy+%,5 O clreol Ogotoxy+%,7 O clreol Ogotoxy-%,7 Ocout Q21(23 I(2M P3IC2 ( '00 I1 (2

M21=Q O

gotoxy7%+, Ocout QItem Price F Q Ogetstitemprice Oitemprice K atotitemprice Oi titemprice?T KK ^?^

return Oi itemprice itemcost __ itemprice X +???Y

#alid K ? Ogotoxy-%,5 Ocout QU: 3ange K Qitemcost Q..+???Q

Ogetch O

ZZ "hile *#alid OdoY

gotoxy+%+7 O clreol Ogotoxy+%,5 O clreol Ogotoxy+%,7 O clreol Ogotoxy7%+7 Ocout Q0o you "ant to sa#e this record yHn F Q Och K getche O


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ch K toupperch Oi ch KK ^?^

return OZ "hile ch *K ^1^ && ch *K ^)^ O

i ch KK ^)^Y

itemcode K tcode Ostream ile Oile.openQ$0.0'(Q% iosFFout _ iosFFapp Oile."ritechar L this% si/eoood Oile.close Otcode@@ O

ZdoY

gotoxy+%+: O clreol Ogotoxy+%,5 O clreol Ogotoxy+%,7 O clreol Ogotoxy7%+: Ocout Q0o you "ant to add more records yHn F

Q O ch K getche Och K toupperch Oi ch KK ^?^


Z "hile ch KK ^)^ OZ

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 0ISP6') (2 32C30 $ (2 GI921C02 $3MHH (2 $0 $I62 $0.0'(


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#oid ood FF displayrecordint tcode

Ystream ile Oile.openQ$0.0'(Q% iosFFin Oile.seekg?%iosFFbeg O"hile ile.readchar L this% si/eooodY

i itemcode KK tcodeY

gotoxy7%- Ocout QItem Code F Qitemcode Ogotoxy7%5 Ocout QItem 1ame F Qitemname Ogotoxy7%7 Ocout QItem Cost F Qitemcost Ogotoxy7%8 Ocout QItem Price F Qitemprice O

break OZZile.close O

Z


HH (IS $=1C(I1 32(=31 (2 9'6=2 + I$ (2 32C30IS $=10HH $3 (2 GI921 C02 I1 (2 $0 $I62 $0.0'(HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL


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int ood FF itemoundint tcodeY

stream ile Oile.openQ$0.0'(Q% iosFFin O

ile.seekg?%iosFFbeg Oint oundK? O"hile ile.readchar L this% si/eooodY


ound@@ O break O

ZZile.close Oreturn ound O

Z


LLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 32(=31 (2 32C30 1. $ (2GI921 C02 I1HH (2 $0 $I62 $0.0'(HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

int ood FF recordnoint tcodeY

stream ile Oile.openQ$0.0'(Q% iosFFin Oile.seekg?%iosFFbeg Oint oundK? O"hile ile.readchar L this% si/eooodY


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ound@@ Oi itemcode KK tcode

break OZ

ile.close Oreturn ound O

Z

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 0262(2S (2 32C30 $3 (2

GI921 C02 $3MHH (2 $0 $I62 $0.0'(HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

#oid ood FF deleterecordint tcodeY

stream ile O

ile.openQ$0.0'(Q% iosFFin Ostream temp Otemp.openQtemp.datQ% iosFFout Oile.seekg?%iosFFbeg O"hile *ile.eo Y

ile.readchar L this% si/eoood Oi ile.eo

break O

i itemcode *K tcode temp."ritechar L this% si/eoood O

Zile.close Otemp.close Oile.openQ$0.0'(Q% iosFFout O


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temp.openQtemp.datQ% iosFFin Otemp.seekg?%iosFFbeg O"hile *temp.eo Y

temp.readchar L this% si/eoood Oi temp.eo

break Oile."ritechar L this% si/eoood O

Zile.close Otemp.close O

Z

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 GI92S (2 C02 1. ( 0262(232C30 $3MHH (2 $0 $I62 $0.0'(HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

LLLLLL

#oid ood FF deleteitem#oidY

clrscr Ochar tcode7T% ch Oint t% tcode Ogotoxy-%,7 Ocout QPress 21(23X to see the listQ O

gotoxy7%- Ocout Q2nter Item Code o the item to be deleted F Q Ogetstcode Ot K atoitcode Otcode K t Oi tcode?T KK ^?^


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return Oi tcode KK ?Y

listoitem O

gotoxy+%,7 O clreol Ogotoxy-%,7 Ocout QPress 21(23X to 2xitQ Ogotoxy7%,5 Ocout Q2nter Item Code o the item to be deleted F Q Ogetstcode Ot K atoitcode Otcode K t O

i tcode KK ?return O

Zclrscr Oi *itemoundtcodeY

gotoxy7%7 Ocout QU:3ecord not oundQ O

getch Oreturn OZdisplayrecordtcode OdoY

gotoxy+%; O clreol Ogotoxy7%; Ocout Q0o you "ant to delete this record yHn F Q O

ch K getche Och K toupperch O

Z "hile ch *K ^1^ && ch *K ^)^ Oi ch KK ^1^

return Odeleterecordtcode O


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gotoxy7%+7 Ocout QU:3ecord 0eletedQ Ogetch O

Z

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 M0I$) (2 32C30 $3 (2 GI921C02 $3MHH (2 $0 $I62 $0.0'(HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

LLLLLL

#oid ood FF modiyrecordint tcodeY

int recno Orecno K recordnotcode Oint #alid% tcode Ochar ch% titemcost+?T% titemprice+?T% titemcode7T O

gotoxy:+%, Ocout Q?XK2xitQ Ogotoxy7%+, Ocout QItem Code F Q Ogotoxy7%+5 Ocout QItem 1ame F Q Ogotoxy7%+8 Ocout QItem Cost F Q Ogotoxy7%+; O

cout QItem Price F Q OdoY

gotoxy,?%+, O clreol Ocout QChange yHn F Q Och K getche O


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return OZ "hile ch *K ^1^ && ch *K ^)^ O#alid K ? O"hile ch KK ^)^ && *#alid

Y#alid K + Ogotoxy+%+8 O clreol Ogotoxy+%,5 O clreol Ogotoxy+%,7 O clreol Ogotoxy-%,7 Ocout Q21(23 I(2M CS( ( '00 I1 (2

M21=Q O

gotoxy7%+8 Ocout QItem Cost F Q Ogetstitemcost Oitemcost K atotitemcost Oi titemcost?T KK ^?^

return Oi itemcost + __ itemcost X ;??Y

#alid K ? Ogotoxy-%,5 Ocout QU: 3ange K +..;??Q Ogetch O

ZZdoY

gotoxy,?%+; O clreol O

cout QChange yHn F Q Och K getche Och K toupperch Oi ch KK ^?^



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#alid K ? O"hile ch KK ^)^ && *#alidY

#alid K + O

gotoxy+%+; O clreol Ogotoxy+%,5 O clreol Ogotoxy+%,7 O clreol Ogotoxy-%,7 Ocout Q21(23 I(2M P3IC2 ( '00 I1 (2

M21=Q Ogotoxy7%+; Ocout QItem Price F Q O

getstitemprice Oitemprice K atotitemprice Oi titemprice?T KK ^?^

return Oi itemprice itemcost __ itemprice X +???Y

#alid K ? Ogotoxy-%,5 O

cout QU: 3ange K Qitemcost Q..+???Q Ogetch OZ

ZdoY

gotoxy+%,+ O clreol Ogotoxy+%,5 O clreol Ogotoxy+%,7 O clreol O

gotoxy7%,+ Ocout Q0o you "ant to sa#e this record yHn F Q Och K getche Och K toupperch Oi ch KK ^?^

return O


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return Oitemcode K tcode O

cout QUnQ itemname Ocout itemcost Ocout itemprice Ogetch Ostream ile Oile.openQ$0.0'(Q% iosFFout _ iosFFate Oint location Olocation K recno!+ L si/eoood O

ile.seekplocation Oile."ritechar L this% si/eoood Oile.close Osort Oclrscr Ogotoxy7%+7 Ocout QU:3ecord ModiiedQ Ogetch O

Z

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 GI92S (2 C02 1. ( M0I$)32C30 $3MHH (2 $0 $I62 $0.0'(HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

LLLLLL

#oid ood FF modiyitem#oidY

clrscr Ochar tcode7T% ch O


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int t% tcode Ogotoxy-%,7 Ocout QPress 21(23X to see the listQ Ogotoxy7%- O

cout Q2nter Item Code o the item to be Modiy F Q Ogetstcode Ot K atoitcode Otcode K t Oi tcode?T KK ^?^

return Oi tcode KK ?Y

listoitem Ogotoxy+%,7 O clreol Ogotoxy-%,7 Ocout QPress 21(23X to 2xitQ Ogotoxy7%,5 Ocout Q2nter Item Code o the item to be modiy F Q Ogetstcode Ot K atoitcode O

tcode K t Oi tcode KK ?return O


gotoxy7%7 Ocout QU:3ecord not oundQ O

getch Oreturn O

Zdisplayrecordtcode OdoY


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gotoxy7%; Ocout Q0o you "ant to Modiy this record yHn F Q Och K getche Och K toupperch O


return Omodiyrecordtcode O

Z


LLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 S3( (2 32C30 I1 (2 $0 $I62$0.0'(HH 'CC30I1G ( (2 C02 1S.HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

#oid ood FF sort#oid

Y int iK?%j Oood arr+??T Oood temp Ostream ile Oile.openQ$0.0'(Q% iosFFin Oile.seekg?%iosFFbeg O"hile ile.readchar L &arriT% si/eoood

i@@ O

int si/e Osi/e K i Oile.close Oor iK+O isi/eO i@@

or jK?O jsi/e!iO j@@Y


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i arrjT.itemcode X arrj@+T.itemcodeY

tempKarrjTOarrjTKarrj@+TO

arrj@+TKtempOZ

Zile.openQ$0.0'(Q% iosFFout Oor iK?O isi/eO i@@

ile."ritechar L &arriT% si/eoood Oile.close O

Z

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 P=3C'S2S (2 $0 I(2M I1 (2M21=HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

#oid ood FF purchase#oidY

clrscr Oaccount a Oint tbillno% purchasedK? Otbillno K a.lastbillno Otbillno@@ Ochar tcode7T% ch% t4uantity7T O

int t% tcode% iK?% #alid Oloat 4ty Oint titemcode Oloat t4ty% tcost% tprice Ochar titemname-?T Ostruct date dO


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int d+% m+% y+ Ogetdate&dOd+ K d.daday Om+ K d.damon O

y+ K d.dayear OdoY

clrscr Ogotoxy-%,7 Ocout QPress 21(23X to see the listQ Ogotoxy7%- Ocout Q2nter Item Code o the item to be Purchase F Q O

getstcode Ot K atoitcode Otcode K t Oi tcode?T KK ^?^Y

i purchaseda.preparebilltbillno O

return O

Zi tcode KK ?Y

listoitem Ogotoxy+%,7 O clreol Ogotoxy-%,7 Ocout QPress 21(23X to 2xitQ Ogotoxy7%,5 Ocout Q2nter Item Code o the item to be

Purchase F Q Ogetstcode Ot K atoitcode Otcode K t Oi tcode KK ?Y


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return OZ


gotoxy7%7 Ocout QU:Item Code not oundQ Ogetch Oi purchased

a.preparebilltbillno Oreturn O

Zgotoxy8?%, Ocout Q0ateFQ d+ QHQ m+ QHQ y+ Odisplayrecordtcode OdoY

#alid K + Ogotoxy+%; O clreol Ogotoxy+%,5 O clreol Ogotoxy+%,7 O clreol Ogotoxy-%,7 Ocout Q21(23 J='1(I() ( B2

P=3C'S2 I1 Ag.Q Ogotoxy7%; Ocout QJuantity F Q O

getst4uantity O4ty K atoit4uantity Oi t4uantity?T KK ^?^Y



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return OZi 4ty + __ 4ty X ;??Y

#alid K ? Ogotoxy-%,5 Ocout QU: 3ange K +..;??Q Ogetch O

ZZ "hile *#alid OdoY

gotoxy7%+? O clreol Ogotoxy7%+? Ocout Q0o you "ant to cancel this purchase yHn

F Q Och K getche Och K toupperch O


Y purchased K + Ostream ile Oile.openQ$0.0'(Q% iosFFin Oile.seekg?%iosFFbeg O"hile ile.readchar L this% si/eooodY


titemcode K itemcode Ostrcpytitemname%itemname Otcost K itemcost Otprice K itemprice Ot4ty K 4ty O


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a.addbilltbillno%titemcode%titemname%t4ty%tcost%tprice Oi@@ O

break O

ZZile.close O

ZdoY

gotoxy7%+, O clreol Ogotoxy7%+, O

cout Q0o you "ant to purchase more yHn F Q Och K getche Och K toupperch O

Z "hile ch *K ^1^ && ch *K ^)^ OZ "hile ch KK ^)^ Oa.preparebilltbillno O

Z

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 32(=31S (2 BI66 1. $ (2 6'S(32C30HH I1 (2 BI66 $I62 BI66.0'(HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

int account FF lastbillno#oidY

stream ile Oile.openQBI66.0'(Q% iosFFin Oile.seekg?%iosFFbeg Oint tK? O


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"hile ile.readchar L this% si/eoaccountt K billno O

ile.close Oreturn t O

Z

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 '00S (2 32C30 I1 (2 BI66 $I62BI66.0'(HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

LLLLLL

#oid account FF addbillint tbillno% int titemcode% chartitemname-?T% loat t4ty% loat tcost% loat tpriceY

struct date dOint d+% m+% y+ Ogetdate&dO

d+ K d.daday Om+ K d.damon Oy+ K d.dayear Odd K d+ Omm K m+ Oyy K y+ Ocode K titemcode Ostrcpyname%titemname Ocost K tcost O

price K tprice O4uantity K t4ty O

billno K tbillno Ostream ile Oile.openQBI66.0'(Q% iosFFout _ iosFF app Oile."ritechar L this% si/eoaccount O


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ile.close OZ

HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 P32P'32S '10 0ISP6')S (2 BI66$3 (2HH GI921 BI66 1. 'CC30I1G ( P=3C'S2S M'02.HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

#oid account FF preparebillint tbillnoY

clrscr Ostruct date dOint d+% m+% y+ Ogetdate&dOd+ K d.daday Om+ K d.damon O

y+ K d.dayear Oloat totalK?.?% totalbillK?.? Ogotoxy--%- Ocout QC=S(M23 BI66Q Ogotoxy-,%5 Ocout Q]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]Q Ogotoxy77%7 Ocout Q0ateFQ d+ QHQ m+ QHQ y+ Ogotoxy;%: O

cout QI(2MS P=3C'S20Q Ogotoxy;%; Ocout Q]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]Q Ogotoxy;%


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gotoxy;%+? O

coutQ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]Q O

int ro"K++ Ostream ile Oile.openQBI66.0'(Q% iosFFin Oile.seekg? O"hile ile.readchar L this% si/eoaccountY

i billno KK tbillnoY

gotoxy;%7 Ocout QBI66 1. R Q billno Ogotoxy;%8 Ocout Q]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]Q Ogotoxy+?%ro" Ocout code Ogotoxy+;%ro" Ocout name O

gotoxy-


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gotoxy-


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ound K + Oi pre#billno *K billnoY

i lag

Ygotoxy7,%ro" Ocout Q(('6 BI66F 3s.Q totalbill

QHKQ Ototalbill K ?.? Oro"@@ O

Zgotoxy5%ro" O

cout billno OZlag K + Ogotoxy++%ro" Ocout dd QHQ mm QHQ yy Ogotoxy,5%ro" Ocout code Ogotoxy-,%ro" O

cout name Ogotoxy7,%ro" Ocout cost Ogotoxy7


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cout QPage no. F Q pageno O pageno@@ Ogotoxy+%,7 Ocout QPress any key to continue...Q O

getche Oclrscr Ogotoxy-?%, Ocout Q6IS( $ BI66SQ Ogotoxy-%5 Ocout QBillno. 0ate Item Code Item name

Cost PriceJty (otalQ Ogotoxy-%7 O

coutQ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]Q O

Z pre#billno K billno O

Zro"@@ O

gotoxy7,%ro" Ocout Q(('6 BI66F 3s.Q totalbill QHKQ Oi *ound Y

gotoxy7%+? Ocout QU:3ecords not oundQ O

Zgotoxy88%+ Ocout QPage no. F Q pageno O

gotoxy+%,7 Ocout QPress any key to continue...Q Ogetche Oile.close O

Z


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HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHH (IS $=1C(I1 IS (2 M'I1 $=1C(I1 C'66I1G (2

M'I1 M21=HHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

#oid main#oidY

clrscr Omenu m O

textmodeBW;?Om.mainmenu O

HHclose graphO

Z


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TESTINGIn a sot"are de#elopment project% errors can be injected at any stage duringde#elopment. (here are dierent techni4ues or detecting and eliminating

errors that originate in that phase. o"e#er% no techni4ue is perect% and it isexpected that some o the errors o the earlier phases "ill inally maniestthemsel#es in the code. (his is particularly true because in the earlier phases

and most o the #eriication techni4ues are manual because no executablecode exists. =ltimately% these remaining errors "ill be relected in the code.

ence% the code de#eloped during the coding acti#ity is likely to ha#e some

re4uirement errors and design errors% in addition to errors introduced duringthe coding acti#ity. Beha#ior can be obser#ed% testing is the phase "here the

errors remaining rom all the pre#ious phases must be detected. ence%testing perorms a #ery critical role or 4uality assurance and or ensuring

the reliability o sot"are.

0uring testing% the program to be tested is executed "ith a set o test cases%

and the output o the program or the test cases is e#aluated to determine i the program is perorming as expected. 0ue to its approach% dynamic testing

can only ascertain the presence o errors in the programO the exact nature o the errors is not usually decided by testing. (esting orms the irst step in

determining the errors in a program. Clearly% the success o testing in

re#ealing errors in programs depends critically on the test cases.

(esting a large system is a #ery complex acti#ity% and like any complexacti#ity it has to be broken into smaller acti#ities. 0ue to this% or a project%

incremental testing is generally perormed% in "hich components and

subsystems o the system are tested separately beore integrating them toorm the system or system testing. (his orm o testing% though necessary to

ensure 4uality or a large system% introduces ne" issues o ho" to selectcomponents or testing and ho" to combine them to orm subsystems and

systems.


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causes and eects o the system under testing. ' cause is a distinct inputcondition% and an eect is a distinct output condition. 2ach condition ormsa node in the cause!eect graph. (he conditions should be stated such thatthey can be set to either true or alse. $or example% an input condition can beQile is empty%Q "hich can be set to true by ha#ing an empty input ile% andalse by a nonempty ile. 'ter identiying the causes and eects% or eacheect "e identiy the causes that can produce that eect and ho" theconditions ha#e to be combined to make the eect true. Conditions arecombined using the Boolean operators Qand%Q Qor%Q and Qnot%Q "hich arerepresented in the graph by &% I% and QQ^. (hen% or each eect% allcombinations o the causes that the eect depends on "hich "ill make theeect true% are generated the causes that the eect does not depend on areessentially Qdon^t careQ. By doing this% "e identiy the combinations oconditions that make dierent eects true. ' test case is then generated or

each combination o conditions% "hich make some eect true.

C'+e:

c+. Command is item a#ailablec,. Command is item not a#ailablec-. Customer purchasing item.

Effe"%+:el. Print Qin#alid commandQe,. Print Qin#alid item!numberQe-. Print Ditem not a#ailableE


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.


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M#!%e!!"e

'ter the installation phase is completed and the user sta is adjusted to the

changes created by the candidate system% e#aluation and maintenance begin.

6ike any system% there is an aging process that re4uires periodicmaintenance o hard"are and sot"are. I the ne" inormation is

inconsistent "ith the design speciications% then changes ha#e to be made.ard"are also re4uires periodic maintenance to keep in tune "ith design

speciications. (he importance o maintenance is to continue to bring thene" system to standards.

=ser priorities% changes in organi/ational re4uirements% or en#ironmentalactors also call or system enhancements.

( contrast maintenance "ith enhancement% i a restaurant decided to

increase its ser#ice charges rom ` -.?? to ` 5.7? or a minimum balance o

R -??% it is maintenance. (his change re4uires e#aluation% programmodiications% and urther testing.

Proe"% Term#!%#o!

' system project may be dropped at any time prior to implementation

although it becomes more diicult and costly "hen it goes past the design phase. Generally projects are dropped i ater a re#ie" process% it is learnedthatF

Changing objecti#es or re4uirements o the user cannot be met by the

existing design. Beneits reali/ed rom the candidate system do not justiy commitment to

implementation. (here is a sudden change in the user^s budget or an increase in design

costs beyond the estimate made during the easibility study. (he project greatly exceeds the time and cost schedule.

In each case% a system project may be terminated at the user^s re4uest. In

contrast to project termination is ne" system ailure.

(here are many reasons a ne" system does not meet user re4uirementsF


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=ser re4uirements "ere not clearly deined or understood. (he user "as

not directly in#ol#ed in the crucial phases o system de#elopment. (he analyst% programmer% or both "ere inexperienced.

(he systems analyst or the project team had to do the "ork under thestringent time constraints. Conse4uently% not enough thought "ent into

the easibility study and system design. =ser training "as poor. 2xisting hard"are pro#ed deicient to handle the ne" application. (he ne" system let users in other departments out o touch "ith

inormation that the old system had pro#ided. (he ne" system "as not user!riendly. =sers changed their re4uirements. (he user sta "as hostile.

(he list can be expanded to include many more causes. (he important point

is that although ad#ances in computer systems and sot"are make lie easier

or the analyst% the success o the system project depends on the experience%creati#e ability% and kno"ledge o the analyst and the support rom the user

sta. (his suggests that the analyst be skilled in the state o the art hard"areand sot"are as "ell as in dealing "ith people.


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S"oe of F'%'re A"%#o!

(his project can be used in the ast ood restaurant ater adding some more

useul modules in the project or "hich ast ood are pro#iding ser#ices.

=tmost care and back!up procedures must be established to ensure +??N

successul implementation o the computeri/ed ast ood managementsystem. In case o system ailure% the organi/ation should be in a position to

process the transaction "ith another organi/ation or i the "orst comes to the"orst% it should be in a position to complete it manually.

S"oe of Imro-eme!%

1o" a days ast ood restaurants are pro#iding many other acilities% this project can also be impro#ed "ith the impro#ement in the restaurant.

=tmost care and back!up procedures must be established to ensure +??Nsuccessul implementation o the computeri/ed banking system. In case o

system ailure% the organi/ation should be in a position to process thetransaction "ith another organi/ation or i the "orst comes to the "orst% it

should be in a position to complete it manually.


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CONCLUSION

(his project is designed to meet the re4uirements o $astood Management.

It has been de#eloped in C@@% keeping in mind the speciications o thesystem.

$or designing the system "e ha#e used simple data lo" diagrams.

#erall the project teaches us the essential skills likeF

=sing system analysis and design techni4ues like data lo" diagram indesigning the system.

=nderstanding the database handling and 4uery processing.


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OPERATIONAL INSTRUCTION

FOR THE USER

+ I the computer is o% turn the po"er s"itch o the computer and

the printer% the System "ill check the 3'M or deects% and also

looks at the connections to the Aeyboard% disk dri#e etc% to see i

they are unctional.

, When the system is ready it "ill DB(E or load the operating

system into the memory rom the hard disk.

- Copy the loppyi.e. 'F 0ri#e on the hard diski.e. CF 0ri#e.(his

"ill copy all the re4uired iles rom 'F dri#e to CF dri#e.

5 Beore the user exit rom the Main Menu heHshe can try all the

re4uired options.

7 2xit rom Main Menu "ith the selection o option 2[I( in Main

Menu.

8 (his project is a program "ritten in (=3B C@@ or $astood

Management System. =sing this project user "ill be able to

maintain the record o the items in the resturant.


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INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

(he ollo"ing steps are used or installation o $'S($0

Management System application on the user site. (he installation

procedure is gi#en in stepsF!

+ Create a 0irectory in the ard 0isk or CF 0ri#e "ith the any name.

, Insert the loppy disk in 'F dri#e that contain the sot"are iles i.e.

2[2 $ile% 0'( $ile 0ata base $ile% eader ile & CPP iles

- Copy all iles rom 'F 0ri#e into the CF 0ri#e into a speciied

directory

5 3un the $'S($0.2[2 $ile. (his "ill lead to start the Bank

Management System sot"are.

7 (here is no need o 0e#eloping the Sot"are like (urbo C@@

because 2xe "ill is sel executable "ith name.

8 In order to Start the project or application immediately ater

B(I1G make the directory entry in 'utoexec.bat ile and "rite

the name o astood.exe and sa#e the ile.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1 T4e C55 COMPLETE of G.S. BALU)A of K4!!

P',"%#o!+.

2 T4e C55 PROGRAM DESIGN of DIETEL @ DIETEL.

T4e TURBO C55 of ROBERT LAFORE.

T4e C55 PROGRAM DESIGN @ PROGRAMMING of BALAGURUSWAMY.

Ro0er S. Pre++m! Sof%(re E!0#!eer#!0 A Pr"%#o!er9+

Aro"4.

Y+4-!% K!e%=r C PRO)ECT.

E.M. A( S$+%em A!&$+#+ @ De+#0!.

7 *. RA)ARAMAN A!&$+#+ @ De+#0! of I!form%#o!

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