Final Biosensor

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ElectrochemicalElectrochemical Glucose Biosensor ofGlucose Biosensor of

PlatinumPlatinum NanospheresNanospheres connected by Carbonconnected by CarbonNanotubesNanotubes

by

Kapil Bhosale

Niraj Ghom

May 4, 2011

Cleveland State University

EEC 693: Course Presentation

Biosensor

Instructor: Dr. Siu Tung Yau


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Presentation Outline:

Introduction

What is Biosensor

What is Glucose Biosensor

Characteristics of Biosensor

Types of Biosensor

Application of Biosensor

Need of Glucose Biosensor

Fabrication method of Glucose Biosensor

Results

Fluorescence Microscopy

Hydrogen Peroxide sensing

Glucose Sensing

Conclusion

References


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What is Biosensor

A biosensor is an analytical

device which converts a

biological response into an

electrical signal.

It detects, record and transmit

the information regarding

physiological change or

process.

It determines the presence andconcentration of a specific

substance in any test solution.


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What is Glucose Biosensor

Glucose reacts with

glucoseoxidase (GOx) to form

gluconicacid. Two electrons &

two protons are also

produced.

Glucose mediator reacts with

surrounding oxygen to form

H2O2 and GOx.

Now this GOx can reacts withmore glucose.

Higher the glucose content,

higher the oxygen

consumption.

Glucose content can be-


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Characteristics of Biosensor

LINEARITY: Maximum linear value of the sensor calibrationcurve. Linearity of the sensor must be high for the detection of highsubstrate concentration.

SENSITIVITY: The value of the electrode response per substrateconcentration.

SELECTIVITY: Interference of chemicals must be minimized forobtaining the correct result.

RESPONSE TIME: The necessary time for having 95% of theresponse.


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Types of Biosensor

Piezo-Electric Biosensors

Electrochemical Biosensors

Optical Biosensors

Photometric Biosensors

Thermal Biosensors

ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR PRINCIPLE:

Many chemical reactions produce or consume ions or electrons

which in turn cause some change in the electrical properties of the

solution which can be sensed out and used as measuring parameter.CLASSIFICATION

(1) Amperometric biosensor

(2)Conductimetric biosensor

(3) Potentiometric biosensor


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Application of Biosensor

In Food industries for Food Analysis

Study of biomolecules and their interaction

Drug Development, discovery and evaluation of biological activityof new compounds.

Crime detection Medical diagnosis (both clinical and laboratory use)

Environmental field monitoring

Quality control

Industrial Process Control

Detection systems for biological warfare agents Manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and replacement organs

Analytical measurement of folic acid, biotin,vitamin B12 andpantothenic acid.


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Why Glucose Biosensors are Important?

Glucose biosensors are:

Important tools in food safety, diagnostics, medical monitors, anddetection systems for biological warfare agents.

Important devices offering analytical simplicity both in and outside

the analytical laboratory. Selective, rapid and sensitive instruments for determination ofchemical and biochemical targets

Important to improve the prognosis of diabetes and critically illpatients

Glucose monitoring technologies to maintain healthy lifestyle and

prevent diabetes related complications. Ex: premature death, kidneyfailure, blindness.

It is of importance in the food industry for quality control purposes,in fermentation and, most importantly, as a clinical indicator ofdiabetes.


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Fabrication Method:

Step 1: Fabrication of Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) template

Step 2: CNT growth inside PAA

Step 3: Formation of Platinum Nanosphere

Step 4: Conversion of CNT/Pt into Glucose Biosensor


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Contd...

Step 1: Fabrication of Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) template: Substrate: wafer

Stacking thin metal film of Ti, Al, Fe

Anodization Process

Formation of semi-order pores up to Ti layer


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Contd..

Step 2: Carbon Nano Tube growth inside PAA:

Synthesized by Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition

(MPCVD)

Each pores contains CNT which is 3-10 in length and 1-3 nm in

diameter


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Contd..

Step 3: Formation of Platinum Nanosphere: By Electrochemical Process

3 Electrodes:

CNT/PAAWorking Electrode

Platinum GauzeAuxiliary Electrode Reference Electrode


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Contd..

Partially fills the pores in PAA Electrical contact between CNT and Ti layer

Pt wires forms Pt Nanosphere of 200 nm in diameter


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Contd..

Verification of the creation of Platinum Nanosphere


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Contd..

Step 4: Conversion of CNT/Pt into Glucose Biosensor:

Enzyme: Glucose oxidase

Immobilized via a cross-linking matrix of Bovine Serum Albumin

(BSA) and Gultaraldehyde

Role of BSA: To block excess aldehyde sites and to aid in maximizing

enzyme activity


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Results:

To test working of , Electrochemical process is used.

In this process amperometric and glucose biosensing is carried

out.

Enzymatic Reaction:


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Contd..

To demonstrate the biofunctionalization capability of CNT/PAAfollowing results are acquired:

Fluorescence Microscopy

Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing

Glucose Sensing


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Contd..

Fluorescence Microscopy:

Used to analyze CNT protein adsorption

Intensity is five times higher

Produces adequate quantity of defect sites


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Contd..

Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing: Electroactive nature of CNT/Pt Nanosphere biosensor

Why is sensitivity important in Biosensors?

Produces high sensitivity


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Contd..

Glucose Sensing:

High Micromolar Sensitivity upto

Less Response time of 8 sec

Lower Glucose detection limit of 380 nM

Signal to Noise ratio of 3

Linear Sensing region is from to


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Contd..


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Conclusion:

High Sensitivity

Enhanced Mass Transport

Improved catalysis as redox transducer

Low Glucose detection limit

Low signal to noise ratio


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Contd..


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References:

[1] Jonathan C. Claussen, M.S., Sungwon S. Kim, Ph.D., Aeraj ul

Haque, M.S., Mayra S. Artiles, B.S., D. Marshall Porterfield, Ph.D.

and Timothy S. Fisher, Ph.D., Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor

of Platinum Nanospheres Connected by Carbon Nanotubes March

2010, Diabetes Technology Society.

[2] Claussen, Jonathan C.; Franklin, Aaron D.; Haque, Aeraj U.;

Porterfield, D M.; and Fisher, Timothy, Electrochemical Biosensor

of Nanocube-Augmented Carbon Nanotube Networks 2009, ACS

Nano.

[3] H. J. Wang, C. M. Zhou, F. Peng, H. Yu, Glucose Biosensor Based

on Platinum Nanoparticles supported Sulfonated-carbon nanotubes

modified glassy carbon electrode, International Journal of

Electrochemical Science, vol. 2, 2007, pp. 508-516.


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Thank YouThank You

&&Questions!!!!Questions!!!!

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