German Criminal Code

9/12/2015 GERMANCRIMINALCODE

http://www.gesetzeiminternet.de/englisch_stgb/englisch_stgb.html 1/161

bersetzungdesStrafgesetzbuchesdurchProf.Dr.MichaelBohlander

TranslationoftheGermanCriminalCodeprovidedbyProf.Dr.MichaelBohlander

Stand:Diebersetzungbercksichtigtdienderung(en)desGesetzesdurchArtikel6Abs.18desGesetzesvom10.10.2013(BGBl.IS.3799)

Versioninformation:Thetranslationincludestheamendment(s)totheActbyArticle6(18)oftheLawof10.10.2013(FederalLawGazetteIp3799).

2015jurisGmbH,Saarbrcken

GERMANCRIMINALCODE

Fullcitation:CriminalCodeintheversionpromulgatedon13November1998,FederalLawGazette[Bundesgesetzblatt]Ip.3322,lastamendedbyArticle1oftheLawof24September2013,FederalLawGazetteIp.3671andwiththetextofArticle6(18)oftheLawof10October2013,FederalLawGazetteIp3799.

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GENERALPART

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CHAPTERONETHECRIMINALLAW

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FIRSTTITLEAPPLICATION,JURISDICTIONRATIONELOCIETTEMPORIS

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Section1Nopunishmentwithoutlaw

Anactmayonlybepunishedifcriminalliabilityhadbeenestablishedbylawbeforetheactwascommitted.

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Section2Jurisdictionrationetemporislexmitior

(1)Thepenaltyandanyancillarymeasuresshallbedeterminedbythelawwhichisinforceatthetimeoftheact.

(2)Ifthepenaltyisamendedduringthecommissionoftheact,thelawinforceatthetimetheactiscompletedshallbeapplied.

(3)Ifthelawinforceatthetimeofthecompletionoftheactisamendedbeforejudgment,themostlenientlawshallbeapplied.



(4)Alawintendedtobeinforceonlyforadeterminatetimeshallbecontinuedtobeappliedtoactscommittedwhileitwasinforceevenafteritceasestobeinforce,unlessotherwiseprovidedbylaw.

(5)Subsections(1)to(4)shallapplymutatismutandistoconfiscation,deprivationanddestruction.

(6)Unlessotherwiseprovidedbylaw,measuresofrehabilitationandincapacitationshallbedeterminedaccordingtothelawinforceatthetimeofthedecision.

Footnote:

S.2(6)incompatiblewiththeBasicLaw(Article100(1))accordingtotheoperatingpartofthedecisionoftheFederalConstitutionalCourtof4May2011,FederalLawGazetteIp.1003(2BvR2365/09etal.).

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Section3OffencescommittedontheterritoryoftheFederalRepublicofGermany

GermancriminallawshallapplytoactscommittedonGermanterritory.

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Section4OffencescommittedonGermanshipsandaircraft

Germancriminallawshallapply,regardlessofthelawapplicableinthelocalitywheretheactwascommitted,toactscommittedonashiporanaircraftentitledtoflythefederalflagorthenationalinsigniaoftheFederalRepublicofGermany.

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Section5Offencescommittedabroadagainstdomesticlegalinterests

Germancriminallawshallapply,regardlessofthelawapplicableinthelocalitywheretheactwascommitted,tothefollowingactscommittedabroad:

1.preparationofawarofaggression(section80)

2.hightreasonagainsttheFederation(Sections81to83)

3.endangeringthedemocraticstateundertheruleoflaw

(a)incasesundersection89andsection90a(1),andsection90b,iftheoffenderisGermanandhashismainlivelihoodintheterritoryoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyand

(b)incasesundersection90andsection90a(2)

4.treasonandendangeringexternalnationalsecurity(Sections94to100a)

5.offencesagainstthenationaldefence:

(a)incasesundersection109andsections109eto109gand

(b)incasesundersection109a,section109dandsection109h,iftheoffenderisGermanandhashismainlivelihoodintheterritoryoftheFederalRepublicofGermany

6.Causingthedangerofpoliticalpersecution(section234a,section241a)iftheactisdirectedagainstaGermanwhohashisdomicileorusualresidenceinGermany

6a.abductionofminorsincasesundersection235(2)No2,iftheactisdirectedagainstapersonwhohashisdomicileorusualresidenceinGermany

7.violationofbusinessortradesecretsofabusinessphysicallylocatedwithintheterritoryoftheFederalRepublic



ofGermany,orofanenterprise,whichhasitsseatthere,orofanenterprisewithitsseatabroadandwhichisdependentonanenterprisewithitsseatwithintheterritoryoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyandwhichformsagroupwiththelatter

8.offencesagainstsexualselfdetermination:

(a)incasesundersection174(1)and(3),iftheoffenderandthevictimareGermanatthetimeoftheoffenceandhavetheirmainlivelihoodinGermanyand

(b)incasesundersections176to176bandsection182,iftheoffenderisGerman

9.abortion(section218),iftheoffenderatthetimeoftheoffenceisGermanandhashismainlivelihoodintheterritoryoftheFederalRepublicofGermany

10.falsetestimony,perjuryandfalseswornaffidavits(Sections153to156)inproceedingspendingbeforeacourtoranotherGermanauthoritywithintheterritoryoftheFederalRepublicofGermanythathastheauthoritytoadministeroathsoraffirmationsinlieuofoath

11.offencesagainsttheenvironmentundersection324,section326,section330andsection330acommittedwithinGermanysexclusiveeconomiczone,totheextentthatinternationalconventionsontheprotectionoftheseaallowfortheirprosecutionascriminaloffences

11a.offencesundersection328(2)Nos3and4,(4)and(5),alsoinconjunctionwithsection330,iftheoffenderisGermanatthetimeoftheoffence

12.offencescommittedbyaGermanpublicofficialorapersonentrustedwithspecialpublicservicefunctionsduringtheirofficialstayorinconnectionwiththeirofficialduties

13.actscommittedbyaforeignerasapublicofficialorasapersonentrustedwithspecialpublicservicefunctions

14.actscommittedagainstpublicofficials,personsentrustedwithspecialpublicservicefunctions,orsoldiersintheArmedForcesduringthedischargeoftheirdutiesorinconnectionwiththeirduties

14a.bribingdelegates(section108e)iftheoffenderisGermanatthetimeoftheoffenceortheoffencewascommittedvisvisaGerman

15.traffickinginhumanorgans(section18oftheTransplantationAct),iftheoffenderisGermanatthetimeoftheoffence.

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Section6Offencescommittedabroadagainstinternationallyprotectedlegalinterests

Germancriminallawshallfurtherapply,regardlessofthelawofthelocalitywheretheyarecommitted,tothefollowingoffencescommittedabroad:

1.(repealed)

2.offencesinvolvingnuclearenergy,explosivesandradiationundersection307andsection308(1)to(4),section309(2)andsection310

3.attacksonairandmaritimetraffic(section316c)

4.humantraffickingforthepurposeofsexualexploitation,forthepurposeofworkexploitationandassistinghumantrafficking(Sections232to233a)

5.unlawfuldrugdealing

6.distributionofpornographyundersections184a,184b(1)to(3)andsection184c(1)to(3),alsoinconjunctionwithsection184d,1stsentence

7.counterfeitingmoneyandsecurities(section146,section151andsection152),creditcardsetcandblank



eurochequeforms(section152b(1)to(4))aswellastherelevantpreparatoryacts(Sections149,151,152and152b(5))

8.subsidyfraud(section264)

9.offenceswhichonthebasisofaninternationalagreementbindingontheFederalRepublicofGermanymustbeprosecutedeventhoughcommittedabroad.

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Section7Offencescommittedabroadothercases

(1)GermancriminallawshallapplytooffencescommittedabroadagainstaGerman,iftheactisacriminaloffenceatthelocalityofitscommissionorifthatlocalityisnotsubjecttoanycriminaljurisdiction.

(2)Germancriminallawshallapplytootheroffencescommittedabroadiftheactisacriminaloffenceatthelocalityofitscommissionorifthatlocalityisnotsubjecttoanycriminallawjurisdiction,andiftheoffender:

1.wasGermanatthetimeoftheoffenceorbecameGermanafterthecommissionor

2.wasaforeigneratthetimeoftheoffence,isdiscoveredinGermanyand,althoughtheExtraditionActwouldpermitextraditionforsuchanoffence,isnotextraditedbecausearequestforextraditionwithinareasonableperiodoftimeisnotmade,isrejected,ortheextraditionisnotfeasible.

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Section8Timeoftheoffence

Anoffenceisdeemedtohavebeencommittedatthetimewhentheprincipalorthesecondaryparticipantsacted,or,inthecaseofanomission,shouldhaveacted.Thetimewhentheresultoccursisirrelevant.

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Section9Placeoftheoffence

(1)Anoffenceisdeemedtohavebeencommittedineveryplacewheretheoffenderactedor,inthecaseofanomission,shouldhaveacted,orinwhichtheresultifitisanelementoftheoffenceoccursorshouldhaveoccurredaccordingtotheintentionoftheoffender.

(2)Actsofsecondaryparticipationarecommittednotonlyintheplacewheretheoffencewascommitted,butalsoineveryplacewherethesecondaryparticipantactedor,inthecaseofanomission,shouldhaveactedorwhere,accordingtohisintention,theoffenceshouldhavebeencommitted.IfthesecondaryparticipanttoanoffencecommittedabroadactedwithintheterritoryoftheFederalRepublicofGermany,Germancriminallawshallapplytothesecondaryparticipationeventhoughtheactisnotacriminaloffenceaccordingtothelawofthelocalityofitscommission.

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Section10Specialprovisionsforjuvenilesandyoungadults

ThislawshallapplytooffencescommittedbyjuvenilesandyoungadultsunlesstheJuvenileCourtsActprovidesotherwise.

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SECONDTITLETERMINOLOGY

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Section11Definitions

(1)Forthepurposesofthislaw

1.relativemeansanymemberofthefollowingcategoryofpersons:

(a)relationsbybloodormarriageindirectline,thespouse,thesamesexpartner,thefianc(e)alsowithinthemeaningoftheSameSexPartnershipAct,siblings,thespousesorsamesexpartnersofsiblings,siblingsofspousesorsamesexpartners,evenifthemarriageorsamesexpartnershipuponwhichtherelationshipwasbasednolongerexists,orwhentherelationshipbybloodormarriagehasceasedtoexist

(b)fosterparentsandfosterchildren

2.publicofficialmeansanyofthefollowingifunderGermanlaw

(a)theyarecivilservantsorjudges

(b)otherwisecarryoutpublicofficialfunctionsor

(c)haveotherwisebeenappointedtoservewithapublicauthorityorotheragencyorhavebeencommissionedtoperformpublicadministrativeservicesregardlessoftheorganisationalformchosentofulfilsuchduties

3.judgemeansanypersonwhounderGermanlawiseitheraprofessionaloralayjudge

4.personsentrustedwithspecialpublicservicefunctionsmeansanypersonwho,withoutbeingapublicofficial,isemployedby,orisactingfor

(a)apublicauthorityorotheragency,whichperformspublicadministrativeservicesor

(b)anassociationorotherunion,businessorenterprise,whichcarriesoutpublicadministrativeservicesforapublicauthorityorotheragency,

andwhoisformallyrequiredbylawtofulfiltheirdutieswithduediligence

5.unlawfulactexclusivelymeansanactthatfulfilsalltheelementsofacriminalprovision

6.Unternehmen(undertaking)ofanoffencemeansbothattemptandcompletion

7.publicauthorityalsomeansacourt

8.measuremeansthemeasuresofrehabilitationandincapacitation,confiscation,deprivationanddestruction

9.considerationmeansanymaterialbenefitgiveninexchangeforsomeonesacts.

(2)Anactisalsodeemedintentionalforthepurposesofthislaw,ifitfulfilsthestatutoryelementsofanoffence,whichrequiresintentinrelationtotheoffendersconductbutletsnegligencesufficeastoaspecificresultcausedthereby.

(3)Audiovisualmedia,datastoragemedia,illustrationsandotherdepictionsshallbeequivalenttowrittenmaterialintheprovisionswhichrefertothissubsection.

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Section12Feloniesandmisdemeanours

(1)Feloniesareunlawfulactspunishablebyaminimumsentenceofoneyearsimprisonment.

(2)Misdemeanoursareunlawfulactspunishablebyalesserminimumtermofimprisonmentorbyfine.

(3)AggravationsormitigationsprovidedforundertheprovisionsoftheGeneralPart,orunderespeciallyseriousorlessseriouscasesintheSpecialPart,shallbeirrelevanttothisclassification.



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CHAPTERTWOTHEOFFENCE

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FIRSTTITLEFOUNDATIONSOFCRIMINALLIABILITY

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Section13Omissions

(1)Whosoeverfailstoavertaresultwhichisanelementofacriminalprovisionshallonlybeliableunderthislawifheisresponsibleunderlawtoensurethattheresultdoesnotoccur,andiftheomissionisequivalenttotherealisationofthestatutoryelementsoftheoffencethroughapositiveact.

(2)Thesentencemaybemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1).

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Section14Actingforanother

(1)Ifapersonacts:

1.inhiscapacityasanorganauthorisedtorepresentalegalentityorasamemberofsuchanorgan

2.asapartnerauthorisedtorepresentapartnershipwithindependentlegalcapacityor

3.asastatutoryrepresentativeofanother,

anylawaccordingtowhichspecialpersonalattributes,relationshipsorcircumstances(specialpersonalcharacteristics)formthebasisofcriminalliability,shallapplytotherepresentative,ifthesecharacteristicsdonotexistinhispersonbutintheentity,partnershiporpersonrepresented.

(2)Ifaperson,whetherbytheownerofabusinessorsomebodydelegatedbyhim,hasbeen

1.commissionedtomanagethebusiness,inwholeorinpartor

2.expresslycommissionedtoperformautonomousdutieswhichareincumbentontheownerofthebusiness,

andthepersonactsonthebasisofthiscommission,anylaw,accordingtowhichspecialpersonalcharacteristicsgiverisetocriminalliabilityshallapplytothepersoncommissioned,ifthesecharacteristicsdonotexistinhisbutinthepersonoftheownerofthebusiness.Withinthemeaningofthe1stsentenceaboveanenterpriseshallbetheequivalentofabusiness.Ifapersonactson

thebasisofasimilarcommissionforanagencyperformingpublicadministrativeservices,thefirstsentenceshallapplymutatismutandis.

(3)Subsections(1)and(2)aboveshallapplyeveniftheactofcommissionintendedtocreatethepowerofrepresentationortheagencyisvoid.

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Section15Intentandnegligence

Unlessthelawexpresslyprovidesforcriminalliabilitybasedonnegligence,onlyintentionalconductshallattractcriminalliability.

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Section16Mistakeoffact

(1)Whosoeveratthetimeofthecommissionoftheoffenceisunawareofafactwhichisastatutoryelementoftheoffenceshallbedeemedtolackintention.Anyliabilityfornegligenceremainsunaffected.

(2)Whosoeveratthetimeofcommissionoftheoffencemistakenlyassumestheexistenceoffactswhichwouldsatisfytheelementsofamorelenientprovision,mayonlybepunishedfortheintentionalcommissionoftheoffenceunderthemorelenientprovision.

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Section17Mistakeoflaw

Ifatthetimeofthecommissionoftheoffencetheoffenderlackstheawarenessthatheisactingunlawfully,heshallbedeemedtohaveactedwithoutguiltifthemistakewasunavoidable.Ifthemistakewasavoidable,thesentencemaybemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1).

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Section18Aggravatedsentencebasedonspecialconsequencesoftheoffence

Ifthelawimposesamoreserioussentencebasedonanextendedresultifanoffence,anyprincipalorsecondaryparticipantisliabletotheincreasedsentenceonlyiftheyactedatleastnegligentlywithrespecttothatresult.

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Section19Lackofcriminalcapacityofchildren

Personswhohavenotattainedtheageoffourteenatthetimeofthecommissionoftheoffenceshallbedeemedtoactwithoutguilt.

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Section20Insanity

Anypersonwhoatthetimeofthecommissionoftheoffenceisincapableofappreciatingtheunlawfulnessoftheiractionsorofactinginaccordancewithanysuchappreciationduetoapathologicalmentaldisorder,aprofoundconsciousnessdisorder,debilityoranyotherseriousmentalabnormality,shallbedeemedtoactwithoutguilt.

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Section21Diminishedresponsibility

Ifthecapacityoftheoffendertoappreciatetheunlawfulnessofhisactionsortoactinaccordancewithanysuchappreciationissubstantiallydiminishedatthetimeofthecommissionoftheoffenceduetooneofthereasonsindicatedinsection20,thesentencemaybemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1).

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SECONDTITLEATTEMPT

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Section22Definition

Apersonattemptstocommitanoffenceifhetakesstepswhichwillimmediatelyleadtothecompletionofthe



offenceasenvisagedbyhim.

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Section23Liabilityforattempt

(1)Anyattempttocommitafelonyentailscriminalliabilitythisappliestoattemptedmisdemeanoursonlyifexpresslysoprovidedbylaw.

(2)Anattemptmaybepunishedmorelenientlythanthecompletedoffence(section49(1)).

(3)Iftheoffenderduetogrossignorancefailstorealisethattheattemptcouldundernocircumstanceshaveledtothecompletionoftheoffenceduetothenatureofitsobjectorthemeansbywhichitwastobecommitted,thecourtmayorderadischarge,ormitigatethesentenceasitseesfit(section49(2)).

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Section24Withdrawal

(1)Apersonwhoofhisownvolitiongivesupthefurtherexecutionoftheoffenceorpreventsitscompletionshallnotbeliablefortheattempt.Iftheoffenceisnotcompletedregardlessofhisactions,thatpersonshallnotbeliableifhehasmadeavoluntaryandearnestefforttopreventthecompletionoftheoffence.

(2)Ifmorethanonepersonparticipateintheoffence,thepersonwhovoluntarilypreventsitscompletionshallnotbeliablefortheattempt.Hisvoluntaryandearnestefforttopreventthecompletionoftheoffenceshallsufficeforexemptionfromliability,iftheoffenceisnotcompletedregardlessofhisactionsoriscommittedindependentlyofhisearliercontributiontotheoffence.

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THIRDTITLEPRINCIPALSANDSECONDARYPARTICIPANTS

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Section25Principals

(1)Anypersonwhocommitstheoffencehimselforthroughanothershallbeliableasaprincipal.

(2)Ifmorethanonepersoncommittheoffencejointly,eachshallbeliableasaprincipal(jointprincipals).

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Section26Abetting

Anypersonwhointentionallyinducesanothertointentionallycommitanunlawfulact(abettor)shallbeliabletobesentencedasifhewereaprincipal.

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Section27Aiding

(1)Anypersonwhointentionallyassistsanotherintheintentionalcommissionofanunlawfulactshallbeconvictedandsentencedasanaider.

(2)Thesentencefortheaidershallbebasedonthepenaltyforaprincipal.Itshallbemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1).

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Section28Specialpersonalcharacteristics

(1)Ifspecialpersonalcharacteristics(section14(1))thatestablishtheprincipalsliabilityareabsentinthepersonofthesecondaryparticipant(abettororaider)theirsentenceshallbemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1).

(2)Ifthelawprovidesthatspecialpersonalcharacteristicsaggravate,mitigateorexcludepunishmentthisshallapplyonlytotheaccomplices(principalsorsecondaryparticipants)inwhosepersontheyarepresent.

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Section29Separatecriminalliabilityoftheaccomplice

Eachaccompliceshallbeliableaccordingtothemeasureofhisownguiltandirrespectiveoftheguiltoftheothers.

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Section30Conspiracy

(1)Apersonwhoattemptstoinduceanothertocommitafelonyorabetanothertocommitafelonyshallbeliableaccordingtotheprovisionsgoverningattemptedfelonies.Thesentenceshallbemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1).Section23(3)shallapplymutatismutandis.

(2)Apersonwhodeclareshiswillingnessorwhoacceptstheofferofanotherorwhoagreeswithanothertocommitorabetthecommissionofafelonyshallbeliableunderthesameterms.

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Section31Withdrawalfromconspiracy

(1)Apersonshallnotbeliableundersection30ifhevoluntarily

1.givesuptheattempttoinduceanothertocommitafelonyandaverts

anyexistingdangerthattheothermaycommittheoffence

2.afterhavingdeclaredhiswillingnesstocommitafelony,givesuphisplanor

3.afterhavingagreedtocommitafelonyoracceptedtheofferofanothertocommitafelonypreventsthecommissionoftheoffence.

(2)Iftheoffenceisnotcompletedregardlessofhisactionsorifitiscommittedindependentlyofhispreviousconduct,hisvoluntaryandearnestefforttopreventthecompletionoftheoffenceshallsufficeforexemptionfromliability.

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FOURTHTITLESELFDEFENCE,NECESSITYANDDURESS

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Section32Selfdefence

(1)Apersonwhocommitsanactinselfdefencedoesnotactunlawfully.

(2)Selfdefencemeansanydefensiveactionthatisnecessarytoavertanimminentunlawfulattackononeselforanother.

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Section33Excessiveselfdefence

Apersonwhoexceedsthelimitsofselfdefenceoutofconfusion,fearorterrorshallnotbeheldcriminallyliable.

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Section34Necessity

Apersonwho,facedwithanimminentdangertolife,limb,freedom,honour,propertyoranotherlegalinterestwhichcannototherwisebeaverted,commitsanacttoavertthedangerfromhimselforanother,doesnotactunlawfully,if,uponweighingtheconictinginterests,inparticulartheaffectedlegalinterestsandthedegreeofthedangerfacingthem,theprotectedinterestsubstantiallyoutweighstheoneinterferedwith.Thisshallapplyonlyifandtotheextentthattheactcommittedisanadequatemeanstoavertthedanger.

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Section35Duress

(1)Apersonwho,facedwithanimminentdangertolife,limborfreedomwhichcannototherwisebeaverted,commitsanunlawfulacttoavertthedangerfromhimself,arelativeorpersonclosetohim,actswithoutguilt.Thisshallnotapplyifandtotheextentthattheoffendercouldbeexpectedunderthecircumstancestoacceptthedanger,inparticular,becausehehimselfhadcausedthedanger,orwasunderaspeciallegalobligationtodosothesentencemaybemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1)unlesstheoffenderwasrequiredtoacceptthedangerbecauseofaspeciallegalobligationtodoso.

(2)Ifatthetimeofthecommissionoftheactapersonmistakenlyassumesthatcircumstancesexistwhichwouldexcusehimundersubsection(1)above,hewillonlybeliableifthemistakewasavoidable.Thesentenceshallbemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1).

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FIFTHTITLEIMMUNITYFORSTATEMENTSANDREPORTSMADEINPARLIAMENT

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Section36Parliamentarystatements

DelegatesoftheFederalParliament,theFederalAssemblyorofalegislativebodyofamemberstateshallatalltimesbeimmunefromexternalliabilitybecauseofavotetheycastorastatementtheymadewithinoneofthosebodiesoroneoftheircommittees.Thisshallnotapplytointentionaldefamations.

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Section37Parliamentaryreports

Truthfulreportsaboutthepublicsessionsofthebodiesindicatedinsection36ortheircommitteesshallnotgiverisetoanyliability.

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CHAPTERTHREESANCTIONS

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FIRSTTITLEPENALTIES



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Imprisonment

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Section38Termofimprisonment

(1)Imprisonmentshallbeforafixedtermunlessthelawprovidesforlifeimprisonment.

(2)Themaximumtermoffixedtermimprisonmentshallbefifteenyears,theminimumtermonemonth.

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Section39Determinationoffixedtermimprisonment

Imprisonmentforlessthanayearshallbedeterminedinfullweeksandmonths,imprisonmentforalongerperiodinfullmonthsandyears.

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Fine

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Section40Dayfineunits

(1)Afineshallbeimposedindailyunits.Theminimumfineshallconsistoffiveand,unlessthelawprovidesotherwise,themaximumshallconsistofthreehundredandsixtyfulldailyunits.

(2)Thecourtshalldeterminetheamountofthedailyunittakingintoconsiderationthepersonalandfinancialcircumstancesoftheoffender.Indoingso,itshalltypicallybaseitscalculationontheactualaverageonedaynetincomeoftheoffenderortheaverageincomehecouldachieveinoneday.Adailyunitshallnotbesetatlessthanoneandnotatmorethanthirtythousandeuros.

(3)Theincomeoftheoffender,hisassetsandotherrelevantassessmentfactorsmaybeestimatedwhensettingtheamountofadailyunit.

(4)Thenumberandamountofthedailyunitsshallbeindicatedinthedecision.

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Section41Finesinadditiontoimprisonment

Iftheoffenderthroughthecommissionoftheoffenceenrichedortriedtoenrichhimself,afinewhichotherwisewouldnothavebeenprovidedfororonlyinthealternativemaybeimposedinadditiontoimprisonmentifthisappearsappropriatetakingintoconsiderationthepersonalandfinancialcircumstancesoftheoffender.Thisdoesnotapplyifthecourtimposesanorderpursuanttosection43a.

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Section42Allowingtimeforpaymentinstalments

Ifaconvictedoffender,duetohispersonalorfinancialcircumstances,cannotbeexpectedtopaythefullfineimmediately,thecourtshallallowacertaintimeforpaymentorallowpaymentinspecifiedinstalments.Thecourtmayalsoorderthattheprivilegeofpayingthefineinfixedinstalmentswillberevokediftheconvictedoffenderfailstopayaninstalmentintime.Thecourtshallalsoallowforsuchconditionsofpaymentifwithoutthemtherestitutionbytheoffenderofanydamagecausedbytheoffenceweretobesubstantiallyimpairedthecourtmayrequiretheoffendertopresentproofofrestitution.



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Section43Imprisonmentfordefaultofpayment

Ifthefinecannotberecovered,itshallbereplacedbyimprisonment.Onedailyunitshallcorrespondtoonedayofimprisonment.Theminimumtermofimprisonmentfordefaultofpaymentshallbeoneday.

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Confiscatoryexpropriationorder

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Section43aConfiscatoryexpropriationorder

(1)Ifthelawreferstothisprovisionthecourtmay,inadditiontoimprisonmentforlifeorforafixedtermofmorethantwoyears,orderpaymentofasumofmoneytheamountofwhichshallbelimitedbythevalueoftheoffendersassets(confiscatoryexpropriationorder).Materialbenefitswhichhavebeenconfiscatedshallnotbetakenintoaccountwhenassessingthevalueoftheassets.Thevalueoftheassetsmaybeestimated.

(2)Section42shallapplymutatismutandis.

(3)Thecourtshallindicateatermofimprisonmentwhichshallbesubstitutediftheamountcannotberecovered(defaultimprisonment).Themaximumtermofdefaultimprisonmentshallbetwoyears,itsminimumonemonth.

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Ancillarypenalty

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Section44Temporarydrivingban

(1)Ifapersonhasbeensentencedtoimprisonmentortoafineforanoffencecommittedinconnectionwiththedrivingofamotorvehicleorinviolationofthedutiesofadriverofamotorvehicle,thecourtmayimposeabanprohibitinghimfromdrivinganyclassofmotorvehicleoraspecificclassonpublicroadsforaperiodoffromonetothreemonths.Adrivingbanshalltypicallybeimposedincasesofaconvictionundersection315c(1)No1(a),(3)orsection316unlessadisqualificationorderhasbeenmadeundersection69.

(2)Thedrivingbanshalltakeeffectuponthejudgmenthavingbecomefinal.NationalandinternationaldrivinglicencesissuedbyaGermanpublicauthorityshallbekeptinofficialsafekeepingforitsduration.ThisshallalsoapplyifthedrivinglicencewasissuedbyapublicauthorityofamemberstateoftheEuropeanUnionoranothersignatorystateoftheTreatyontheEuropeanEconomicAreaiftheholderisordinarilyresidentinGermany.Thedrivingbanshallbeendorsedonanyotherforeigndrivinglicences.

(3)Ifadrivinglicenceistobekeptinofficialsafekeepingorthedrivingbantobeendorsedonaforeigndrivinglicence,thedurationofthebanshallbecalculatedfromthedaythatthoseconditionshavebeencompliedwith.Anyperiodduringwhichtheoffenderwaskeptindetentioninaninstitutionpursuanttoanorderofapublicauthorityshallnotcounttowardstheduration.

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Ancillarymeasures

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Section45Lossofabilitytoholdpublicoffice,tovoteandbeelectedinpublicelections

(1)Apersonwhohasbeensentencedforafelonytoatermofimprisonmentofnotlessthanoneyearshall,fora



periodoffiveyears,losetheabilitytoholdpublicofficeandbeelectedinpublicelections.

(2)Thecourtmaydepriveaconvictedpersonoftheabilityindicatedinsubsection(1)aboveforaperiodoffromtwotofiveyearsifthelawexpresslysoprovides.

(3)Atthesametimethatthelossofabilitytoholdpublicofficetakeseffect,theconvictedpersonshallloseanycorrespondinglegalpositionsandrightshemayatthattimehold.

(4)Atthesametimethelossoftheabilitytobeelectedinpublicelectionstakeseffect,theconvictedpersonshallloseanycorrespondinglegalpositionsandrightshemayholdunlessthelawprovidesotherwise.

(5)Thecourtmaydeprivetheconvictedpersonoftherighttotakepartinelectionsortovoteinpublicaffairsforaperiodoffromtwotofiveyearsifthelawexpresslysoprovides.

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Section45aEntryintoeffectandcalculationofduration

(1)Thelossoftheability,legalpositionsandrightsshalltakeeffectuponthejudgmenthavingbecomefinal.

(2)Thedurationofthelossofabilityorofarightshallbecalculatedfromthedaythetermofimprisonmenthasbeenserved,barredbythestatuteoflimitationsorremitted.Ifacustodialmeasureofrehabilitationandincapacitationhadbeenorderedinadditiontoimprisonment,thedurationshallbeginonthedaythatmeasurehasbeenserved.

(3)Ifthesentenceorthemeasurehadbeensuspendedorconditionalearlyreleasegrantedunderaperiodofprobation,oranexecutivepardongranted,anyoperationalprobationaryperiodshallbeincludedinthecalculationofthedurationif,afteritsexpiration,thesentenceortheremainderthereofhasbeenremitted,orwhenthemeasurehasbeencompleted.

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Section45bReinstatement

(1)Thecourtmayreinstateabilitieslostpursuanttosection45(1)and(2),andrightslostpursuanttosection45(5),if

1.thelosshasbeenineffectforhalfofitsdurationand

2.itcanbeexpectedthattheconvictedpersonwillcommitnofurtherintentionaloffences.

(2)Anyperiodduringwhichtheoffenderwaskeptindetentioninaninstitutionpursuanttoanorderofapublicauthorityshallnotcounttowardstheduration.

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SECONDTITLESENTENCING

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Section46Principlesofsentencing

(1)Theguiltoftheoffenderisthebasisforsentencing.Theeffectswhichthesentencecanbeexpectedtohaveontheoffendersfuturelifeinsocietyshallbetakenintoaccount.

(2)Whensentencingthecourtshallweighthecircumstancesinfavourofandagainsttheoffender.Considerationshallinparticularbegivento

themotivesandaimsoftheoffender



theattitudereflectedintheoffenceandthedegreeofforceofwill

involvedinitscommission

thedegreeoftheviolationoftheoffendersduties

themodusoperandiandtheconsequencescausedbytheoffencetothe

extentthattheoffenderistoblameforthem

theoffenderspriorhistory,hispersonalandfinancialcircumstances

hisconductaftertheoffence,particularlyhiseffortstomakerestitution

fortheharmcausedaswellastheoffenderseffortsatreconciliationwiththevictim.

(3)Circumstanceswhicharealreadystatutoryelementsoftheoffencemustnotbeconsidered.

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Section46aOffendervictimmediationrestitution

Iftheoffender,

1.inanefforttoachievereconciliationwiththevictim(offendervictimmediation),hasmadefullrestitutionorthemajorpartthereofforhisoffence,orhasearnestlytriedtomakerestitutionor

2.inacaseinwhichmakingrestitutionfortheharmcausedrequiredsubstantialpersonalservicesorpersonalsacrificeonhispart,hasmadefullcompensationorthemajorpartthereoftothevictim,

thecourtmaymitigatethesentencepursuanttosection49(1)or,unlessthesentencetobeimposedontheoffenderisimprisonmentnotexceedingoneyearorafinenotexceedingthreehundredandsixtydailyunits,mayorderadischarge.

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Section46bContributingtothediscoveryorpreventionofseriousoffences

(1)Iftheperpetratorofanoffencepunishablebyanincreasedminimumsentenceofimprisonmentorasentenceoflifeimprisonment,

1.hassubstantiallycontributedtothediscoveryofanoffenceundersection100a(2)oftheCodeofCriminalProcedurewhichisrelatedtohisownoffencebyvoluntarilydisclosinghisknowledge,or

2.voluntarilydiscloseshisknowledgetoanofficialauthorityintimeforthecompletionofanoffenceundersection100a(2)oftheCodeofCriminalProcedurerelatedtohisownoffence,theplanningofwhichheisawareof,tobeaverted,

thecourtmaymitigatethesentenceundersection49(1)asentenceoflifeimprisonmentshallbereplacedwithatermofimprisonmentofnolessthantenyears.Inordertodeterminewhetheranoffenceispunishablebyanincreasedminimumsentenceofimprisonment,onlyaggravationsforespeciallyseriouscasesbutnomitigationsshallbetakenintoaccount.Iftheoffenderparticipatedintheoffence,hiscontributiontoitsdiscoveryunderthe1stsentenceNo.1abovemustexceedhisowncontribution.Insteadofareductioninsentencethecourtmayorderadischargeiftheoffenceispunishablebyafixedtermsentenceofimprisonmentonlyandtheoffenderwouldnotbesentencedtoatermexceedingthreeyears.

(2)Inarrivingatitsdecisionundersubsection(1)abovethecourtshallhaveparticularregardto:

1.thenatureandscopeofthedisclosedfactsandtheirrelevancetothediscoveryorpreventionoftheoffence,thetimeofdisclosure,thedegreeofsupportgiventotheprosecutingauthoritiesbytheoffenderandthegravityoftheoffencetowhichhisdisclosurerelates,aswellas



2.therelationshipofthecircumstancesmentionedinNo.1abovetothegravityoftheoffencecommittedbyandthedegreeofguiltoftheoffender.

(3)Amitigationofsentenceoradischargeundersubsection(1)aboveshallbeexcludediftheoffenderdiscloseshisknowledgeonlyaftertheindictmentagainsthimhasbeenadmittedbythetrialcourt(section207oftheCodeofCriminalProcedure).

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Section47Shorttermsofimprisonmentastheexception

(1)Thecourtshallnotimposeatermofimprisonmentoflessthansixmonthsunlessspecialcircumstancesexist,eitherintheoffenceorthepersonoftheoffender,thatstrictlyrequiretheimpositionofimprisonmenteitherforthepurposeofreformoftheoffenderorforreasonsofgeneraldeterrence.

(2)Ifthelawdoesnotprovideforafineandatermofimprisonmentofsixmonthsormoreisnottobeimposed,thecourtshallimposeafineunlesstheimpositionofasentenceofimprisonmentisstrictlyrequiredpursuanttosubsection(1)above.Ifthelawprovidesforanincreasedminimumtermofimprisonment,theminimumfineincasescoveredbythe1stsentenceofthissubsectionshallbedeterminedbytheminimumtermofimprisonmentthirtydailyunitsshallcorrespondtoonemonthsimprisonment.

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Section48(repealed)

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Section49Specialmitigatingcircumstancesestablishedbylaw

(1)Ifthelawrequiresorallowsformitigationunderthisprovision,thefollowingshallapply:

1.Imprisonmentofnotlessthanthreeyearsshallbesubstitutedforimprisonmentforlife.

2.Incasesofimprisonmentforafixedterm,nomorethanthreequartersofthestatutorymaximumtermmaybeimposed.Incaseofafinethesameshallapplytothemaximumnumberofdailyunits.

3.Anyincreasedminimumstatutorytermofimprisonmentshallbereducedasfollows:

aminimumtermoftenorfiveyears,totwoyears

aminimumtermofthreeortwoyears,tosixmonths

aminimumtermofoneyear,tothreemonths

inallothercasestothestatutoryminimum.

(2)Ifthecourtmayinitsdiscretionmitigatethesentencepursuanttoalawwhichreferstothisprovision,itmayreducethesentencetothestatutoryminimumorimposeafineinsteadofimprisonment.

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Section50Multiplemitigatingcircumstances

Acircumstancewhichaloneortogetherwithothercircumstancesjustifiestheassumptionofamitigatedoffenceundertheprovisionsofthespecialpartandwhichisalsoaspecialstatutorymitigatingcircumstanceforthepurposesofsection49,mayonlybeconsideredonce.

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Section51



Effectoftimespentincustody

(1)Ifaconvictedpersonhadbeenremandedincustodyorotherwisebeenkeptindetentionbecauseofanoffencewhichisorwastheobjectoftheproceedings,anytimespentinsuchcustodyordetentionshallbecreditedtowardsafixedtermofimprisonmentorafine.Thecourtmayorderforsuchtimenottobecreditedinwholeorinpartifinlightoftheconductoftheconvictedpersonaftertheoffencethiswouldbeinappropriate.

(2)Ifinalaterproceedinganothersentenceissubstitutedforapreviouslyimposedsentenceafterthatsentencehadbecomefinal,timeservedunderorcreditedtowardstheearliersentenceshallbecreditedagainstthenewsentence.

(3)Ifaconvictedpersonhasalreadybeensentencedabroadforthesameoffence,theforeignsentence,totheextentithasbeenserved,shallbecreditedtowardsthenewsentence.Subsection(1)aboveshallapplymutatismutandistoanyotherdetentionsufferedabroad.

(4)Forthepurposeofcreditingafineagainsttimeindetention,orviceversa,onedayofdetentionshallcorrespondtoonedailyunit.Ifaforeignsentenceortimeindetentionistobecredited,thecourtshalldeterminetherateasitseesfit.

(5)Forthepurposeofcreditingaperiodofprovisionaldisqualificationfromdriving(section111aoftheCodeofCriminalProcedure)againstadrivingbanundersection44,subsection(1)aboveshallapplymutatismutandis.Forthispurpose,theprovisionaldeprivationofadrivinglicenceoritsseizure(section94oftheCodeofCriminalProcedure)shallbeequivalenttoaprovisionaldisqualification.

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THIRDTITLESENTENCINGFORMULTIPLEOFFENCES

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Section52Oneactviolatingmultiplelawsorthesamelawmorethanonce

(1)Ifthesameactviolatesmorethanonelaworthesamelawmorethanonce,onlyonesentenceshallbeimposed.

(2)Ifmorethanonelawhasbeenviolatedthesentenceshallbedeterminedaccordingtothelawthatprovidesforthemostseveresentence.Thesentencemaynotbemorelenientthantheotherapplicablelawspermit.

(3)Thecourtmayimposeanadditionalfinetoanytermofimprisonmentundertheprovisionsofsection41.

(4)Ifoneoftheapplicablelawsallowsfortheimpositionofaconfiscatoryexpropriationorderthecourtmayimposeitinadditiontoimprisonmentforlifeorafixedtermofmorethantwoyears.Inaddition,ancillarypenaltiesandmeasures(section11(1)No8)mustormaybeimposedifoneoftheapplicablelawssorequiresorallows.

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Section53Multipleoffencescommittedbymultipleacts

(1)Ifapersonhascommittedmorethanoneoffence,allofwhicharetobeadjudicatedatthesametime,andincurredmorethanonesentenceofimprisonmentormorethanonefine,anaggregatesentenceshallbeimposed.

(2)Ifatermofimprisonmentconcurswithafine,anaggregatesentenceshallbeimposed.Thecourtmayimposeaseparatefineiffinesaretobeimposedformorethanoneoffence,anaggregatefineshalltothatextentbeimposed.

(3)Iftheoffender,pursuanttoalawaccordingtowhichsection43aisapplicableorunderthetermsofsection52(4),hasasoneoftheindividualsentencesincurredimprisonmentforlifeorafixedtermofmorethantwoyears,thecourtmayimposeaconfiscatoryexpropriationorderinadditiontotheaggregatesentenceformedpursuanttosubsections(1)or(2)aboveifinsuchcasesaconfiscatoryexpropriationorderistobeimposedformorethanoneoffence,anaggregateexpropriationordershalltothatextentbeimposed.Section43a(3)shallapplymutatis



mutandis.

(4)Section52(3)and(4)2ndsentenceshallapplymutatismutandis.

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Section54Fixingofaggregatesentence

(1)Ifoneofthesentencesfortheindividualoffencesisimprisonmentforlife,anaggregatesentenceofimprisonmentforlifeshallbeimposed.Inallothercasestheaggregatesentenceshallbefixedbyincreasingthemostsevereindividualsentenceincurredand,inthecaseofdifferentkindsofpenalties,byincreasingthesentencethatismostsevereinnature.Thepersonoftheoffenderandtheindividualoffencesshallbeconsideredintheirtotality.

(2)Theaggregatesentenceshallbelessthanthesumoftheindividualsentences.Itshallnot,inthecaseofimprisonmentforafixedterm,exceedfifteenyears,inthecaseofaconfiscatoryexpropriationorder,thevalueoftheoffendersassets,andinthecaseofafine,sevenhundredandtwentydailyunitssection43a(1)3rdsentenceshallapplymutatismutandis.

(3)Ifanaggregatesentenceistobefixedbasedonatermofimprisonmentandafine,onedailyunitshallcorrespondtoonedaysimprisonmentforthepurposeofcalculatingthesumoftheindividualsentences.

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Section55Subsequentfixingofaggregatesentence

(1)Sections53and54shallalsoapplytoaconvictedpersonwhohashadasentenceimposeduponhimbyafinaljudgmentwhichhasneitherbeenenforced,barredbythestatuteoflimitationsnorremitted,whenthatpersonisconvictedofanotheroffencewhichhecommittedbeforethepreviousconviction.Thatpreviousconvictionshallbethejudgmentinthoseproceedingsinwhichthefactualfindingsunderlyingthenewconvictioncouldlasthavebeenexamined.

(2)Confiscatoryexpropriationorders,ancillarypenaltiesandmeasures(section11(1)No8)imposedintheprevioussentenceshallbeupheldtotheextenttheyhavenotbeenrenderedmootbythenewjudgment.Thisappliesalsowhentheamountoftheexpropriationorderimposedintheprevioussentenceexceedsthevalueoftheoffendersassetsatthetimeofthenewsentence.

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FOURTHTITLESUSPENDEDSENTENCESOFIMPRISONMENT

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Section56Powerofcourttosuspendsentence

(1)Ifapersonissentencedtoatermofimprisonmentnotexceedingoneyearthecourtshallsuspendtheenforcementofthesentenceforaprobationaryperiodiftherearereasonstobelievethatthesentencewillserveasssufficientwarningtotheconvictedpersonandthathewillcommitnofurtheroffenceswithouthavingtoservethesentence.Thecourtshallparticularlytakeintoaccountthecharacteroftheconvictedperson,hisprevioushistory,thecircumstancesofhisoffence,hisconductaftertheoffence,hiscircumstancesandtheeffectstobeexpectedfromthesuspension.

(2)Thecourtmay,undertheconditionsofsubsection(1)abovesuspendtheenforcementofatermofimprisonmentnotexceedingtwoyearsforaprobationaryperiod,ifafteracomprehensiveevaluationoftheoffenceandcharacteroftheconvictedpersonspecialcircumstancescanbefoundtoexist.Inmakingitsdecision,thecourtshallparticularlytakeintoaccountanyeffortsbytheconvictedpersontomakerestitutionfortheharmcausedbytheoffence.

(3)Theenforcementofasentenceofimprisonmentexceedingsixmonthsshallnotbesuspendedwhenreasonsof



generaldeterrencesorequire.

(4)Thesuspensionmustnotbelimitedtoapartofthesentence.Itshallnotbeexcludedbyanycreditingoftimeservedincustodyonremandoranyotherformofdetention.

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Section56aOperationalperiod

(1)Thecourtshalldeterminetheoperationalprobationaryperiod.Thismustnotexceedfiveyearsnorbelessthantwoyears.

(2)Theoperationalperiodshallcommencewhenthedecisiontosuspendthesentencebecomesfinal.Itmaysubsequentlybereducedtotheminimumorprolongedtothemaximumbeforeitsexpiration.

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Section56bConditions

(1)Thecourtmayimposeconditionsontheconvictedpersondirectedatrepairingtheharmcaused.Nounreasonabledemandsshallbemadefromtheconvictedperson.

(2)Thecourtmayordertheconvictedperson

1.tomakerestitutiontothebestofhisabilityfortheharmcausedbytheoffence

2.topayasumofmoneytoacharitableorganisationifthisappearsappropriateinlightoftheoffenceandthecharacteroftheoffender

3.toperformcommunityserviceor

4.topayasumofmoneytothepublictreasury.

Thecourtshallnotimposeaconditionpursuanttothe1stsentenceofthissubsectionNos2to4unlessthefulfilmentoftheconditiondoesnotimpairtherestitutionfortheharmcaused.

(3)Iftheconvictedpersonofferstoperformappropriateservicesforthepurposeofrepairingtheharmcaused,thecourtshalltypicallypreliminarilyrefrainfromimposingconditionsifitistobeexpectedthattheofferwillbefulfilled.

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Section56cDirections

(1)Thecourtshallimposedirectionsforthedurationoftheoperationalperiod,iftheconvictedpersonrequiressuchassistancetoabstainfromcommittingoffences.Nounreasonabledemandsshouldbeimposedontheconvictedpersonslifestyle.

(2)Thecourtmay,inparticular,directtheconvictedperson

1.tofollowinstructionswhichrelatetohisresidence,education,workorleisure,ortotheorderingofhisfinancialaffairs

2.toreportatcertaintimestothecourtoranotherauthority

3.nottomakeormaintaincontactwiththevictim,orcertainpersonsorpersonsfromacertaingroupwhomayinducehimtocommitfurtheroffences,nortoemploy,trainorharbourthem

4.nottopossess,carryorentrusttoanotherforsafekeeping,particularobjectswhichcouldinducehimtocommitfurtheroffencesor

5.tomeetmaintenanceobligations.



(3)Adirection

1.toundergomedicaltreatmentofaninvasivenatureortreatmentforaddictionor

2.toresideinasuitablehomeorinstitution

mayonlybegivenwiththeconsentoftheconvictedperson.

(4)Iftheconvictedpersongivesassurancesrelatingtohisfutureconduct,thecourtshalltypicallyrefrainprovisionallyfromissuingdirectionsifitistobeexpectedthattheassuranceswillbefulfilled.

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Section56dSupervisionorder

(1)Thecourtshallplacetheconvictedpersonunderthesupervisionandguidanceofaprobationofficerforallorpartoftheoperationalperiodifthisappearsnecessarytopreventhimfromcommittingoffences.

(2)Thecourtshalltypicallyissueanorderpursuanttosubsection(1)aboveifitsuspendsasentenceofimprisonmentofmorethanninemonthsandtheconvictedpersonislessthantwentysevenyearsofage.

(3)Theprobationofficershallofferassistanceandcaretotheconvictedperson.Incooperationwiththecourtheshallsupervisethefulfilmentofanyconditionsanddirectionsaswellasofanyoffersandassurances.Heshallreportonthewaytheconvictedpersonisconductinghimself,atintervalsdeterminedbythecourt.Heshallinformthecourtastoseriousorpersistentviolationsoftheconditions,directions,offersorassurances.

(4)Theprobationofficershallbeappointedbythecourt.Itmaygivehiminstructionsconcerninghisfunctionsundersubsection(3)above.

(5)Thefunctionsoftheprobationofficershallbeexercisedonafulltimeofficialorhonorarybasis.

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Section56eSubsequentdecisions

Thecourtmayalsomake,modifyorvacatedecisionspursuanttosections56bto56datalaterdate.

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Section56fOrderforsuspendedsentencetotakeeffect

(1)Thecourtshallorderthesuspendedsentencetotakeeffectiftheconvictedperson:

1.commitsanoffenceduringtheoperationalperiodshowingthattheexpectationonwhichthesuspensionwasbased,hasbeendisappointed

2.grosslyorpersistentlyviolatesdirectionsorpersistentlyevadesthesupervisionandguidanceoftheprobationofficer,therebycausingreasonforfearthathewillreoffendor

3.grosslyorpersistentlyviolatesconditions.

No1ofthe1stsentenceofthissubsectionshallapplymutatismutandisiftheoffencewascommittedintheinterimperiodbetweenthedecisionsuspendingthesentenceanditsbecomingfinalitshallalsoapplyincasesofthesubsequentfixingofaggregatesentencesiftheoffencewascommittedintheperiodbetweenthedecisiononthesuspensionofajudgmentincludedintheaggregatesentenceandthedatewhentheaggregatesentencebecamefinal.

(2)Thecourtshallnotorderthesuspendedsentencetotakeeffectifitisoftheopinionthatitwouldsuffice

1.toimposefurtherconditionsordirections,inparticulartoplacetheconvictedpersonunderthesupervisionofaprobationofficeror



2.toprolongtheoperationalperiodorperiodofsupervision.

IncasespursuanttoNo2abovetheoperationalperiodmustnotbeprolongedformorethanonehalfoftheoriginallyimposedperiod.

(3)Theconvictedpersonshallnotbecompensatedforservicesrenderedinfulfilmentofconditions,offers,directionsorassurances.Ifasuspendedsentenceisputintoeffectthecourtmaycreditserviceswhichtheconvictedpersonhasrenderedinfulfilmentofconditionsundersection56b(2)1stsentenceNos2to4,orrelatedoffersundersection56b(3)towardsthesentence.

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Section56gRemissionofsentence

(1)Unlessthecourtordersthesuspendedsentencetotakeeffect,itshallremitthesentenceafterexpirationoftheoperationalperiod.Section56f(3)1stsentenceshallapply.

(2)Thecourtmayrevoketheremissioniftheconvictedpersonhasbeensentencedtoimprisonmentofnotlessthansixmonthsforanintentionaloffencecommittedduringtheoperationalperiod.Therevocationmayonlybedeclaredwithinoneyearaftertheexpirationoftheoperationalperiodandsixmonthsafterthenewjudgmenthasbecomefinal.Section56f(1)2ndsentenceand(3)shallapplymutatismutandis.

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Section57Conditionalearlyreleasefixedtermimprisonment

(1)Thecourtshallgrantconditionalearlyreleasefromafixedtermsentenceofimprisonmentunderanoperationalperiodofprobation,if

1.twothirdsoftheimposedsentence,butnotlessthantwomonths,havebeenservedand

2.thereleaseisappropriateconsideringpublicsecurityinterestsand

3.theconvictedpersonconsents.

Thedecisionshallparticularlyconsiderthepersonalityoftheconvictedperson,hisprevioushistory,thecircumstancesofhisoffence,theimportanceofthelegalinterestendangeredshouldhereoffend,theconductoftheconvictedpersonwhileservinghissentence,hiscircumstancesandtheeffectsanearlyreleasearetobeexpectedtohaveonhim.

(2)Afteronehalfofafixedtermsentenceofimprisonment,butnotlessthansixmonths,havebeenserved,thecourtmaygrantconditionalearlyrelease,if

1.theconvictedpersonisservinghisfirstsentenceofimprisonment,thetermnotexceedingtwoyearsor

2.acomprehensiveevaluationoftheoffence,thepersonalityoftheconvictedpersonandhisdevelopmentwhileincustodywarranttheacceptanceofspecialcircumstances,

andtheremainingrequirementsofsubsection(1)abovehavebeenfulfilled.

(3)Sections56ato56gshallapplymutatismutandistheoperationalperiod,evenifsubsequentlyreduced,mustnotbelessthantheremainderofthesentence.Iftheconvictedpersonhasservedatleastoneyearofhissentencebeforeconditionalearlyreleaseisgrantedthecourtshalltypicallyplacehimunderthesupervisionandguidanceofaprobationofficerforallorapartoftheoperationalperiod.

(4)Totheextentasentenceofimprisonmenthasbeenreducedthroughcreditfortimeserveditshallbedeemedashavingbeenservedwithinthemeaningofsubsections(1)to(3)above.

(5)Section56fandsection56gshallapplymutatismutandis.Thecourtshallalsorevoketheearlyreleaseiftheconvictedperson,intheperiodbetweenhisconvictionandthedecisionabouttheearlyrelease,hascommittedanoffencewhichcouldforfactualreasonsnotbetakenintoaccountbythecourtwhendecidingontheearlyrelease



andwhichwouldhaveledtoadenialofearlyrelease,haditbeenknownatthattimetheconvictionshallbethejudgmentinthoseproceedingsinwhichtheunderlyingfactualfindingscouldlasthavebeenexamined.

(6)Thecourtmaydenyearlyreleasefromafixedtermsentenceofimprisonment,iftheconvictedpersonmakesinsufficientorfalsestatementsconcerningthewhereaboutsofobjectswhicharesubjecttoconfiscationorarenotsubjecttheretoonlybecausetheoffencehasgivenrisetoaclaimbythevictimundersection73(1)2ndsentence.

(7)Thecourtmayfixatermnotexceedingsixmonthsbeforetheexpiryofwhichanapplicationbytheconvictedpersonforearlyreleaseshallbeinadmissible.

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Section57aConditionalearlyreleaselifeimprisonment

(1)Thecourtshallgrantconditionalearlyreleasefromasentenceofimprisonmentforlifeunderanoperationalperiodofprobation,if

1.fifteenyearsofthesentencehavebeenserved

2.theparticularseriousnessoftheconvictedpersonsguiltdoesnotrequireitscontinuedenforcementand

3.therequirementsof57(1)1stsentenceNos2and3aremet.

Section57(1)2ndsentenceand(6)shallapplymutatismutandis.

(2)Anydetentionsufferedbytheconvictedpersonasaresultoftheoffenceshallqualifyasasentencewithinthemeaningofsubsection(1)1stsentenceNo1above.

(3)Theoperationalperiodshallbefiveyears.Section56a(2)1stsentence,sections56bto56gandsection57(3)2ndsentenceand(5)2ndsentenceshallapplymutatismutandis.

(4)Thecourtmayfixtermsnotexceedingtwoyears,beforetheexpirationofwhichanapplicationbytheconvictedpersonforearlyreleaseshallbeinadmissible.

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Section57bConditionalearlyreleaselifeimprisonmentasaggregatesentence

Ifimprisonmentforlifehasbeenimposedasanaggregatesentencetheindividualoffencesshallbecomprehensivelyevaluatedindeterminingtheparticularseriousnessoftheguilt(section57a(1)1stsentenceNo2).

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Section58Aggregatesentenceandsuspensionofsentence

(1)Ifapersonhascommittedmorethanoneoffencethelengthoftheaggregatesentenceshallbedispositiveforasuspensionundersection56.

(2)Ifincasesundersection55(1)theprevioussentencehadbeensuspendedorearlyreleasefromitgrantedandiftheaggregatesentencehasalsobeensuspended,theminimumofthenewoperationalperiodshallbereducedbyanyoperationalperiodalreadyexpired,butnottolessthanoneyear.Iftheaggregatesentenceisnotsuspendedsection56f(3)shallapplymutatismutandis.

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FIFTHTITLEWARNINGCOMBINEDWITHDEFERMENTOFSENTENCEDISCHARGE

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Section59



Conditionsforwarninganddeferment

(1)Ifapersonhasincurredafinenotexceedingonehundredandeightydailyunits,thecourtmaywarnhimatthetimeofconviction,indicatethesentenceanddeferitsimpositionif

1.itcanbeexpectedthattheoffenderwillcommitnofurtheroffenceswithouttheimmediateimpositionofthesentence

2.acomprehensiveevaluationoftheoffenceandthepersonalityoftheoffenderwarranttheexistenceofspecialcircumstanceswhichobviatetheimpositionofasentenceand

3.reasonsofgeneraldeterrencedonotdemandtheimpositionofasentence.

Section56(1)2ndsentenceshallapplymutatismutandis.

(2)Ancillaryordersforconfiscation,deprivationordestructionmaybeimposedinadditiontoawarning.Awarningwithdefermentshallnotbeconsideredalongsidemeasuresofrehabilitationandincapacitation.

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Section59aOperationalperiod,conditionsanddirections

(1)Thecourtshalldeterminethelengthoftheoperationalperiod.Itmaynotexceedtwoyearsnorbelessthanoneyear.

(2)Thecourtmaydirecttheconvictedperson

1.tomakeeffortsatreconciliationwiththevictimorotherwisemakerestitutionfortheharmcausedbytheoffence

2.tomeethismaintenanceobligations

3.topayasumofmoneytoacharitableorganisationorthepublictreasury

4.toundergooutpatientmedicaltreatmentoroutpatienttreatmentforaddiction

5.toparticipateinasocialtrainingcourseor

6.toparticipateinroadtraffictraining.

Nounreasonabledemandsshouldbeimposedontheconvictedpersonslifestyletheconditionsanddirectionsunderthe1stsentenceofthissubsectionNos3to6mustnotbedisproportionatetothesignificanceoftheoffencecommittedbytheconvictedperson.Section56c(3)and(4)andsection56eshallapplymutatismutandis.

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Section59bOrderfordeferredsentencetotakeeffect

(1)Section56fshallapplymutatismutandistotheorderforthedeferredsentencetotakeeffect.

(2)Ifthedeferredsentenceisnotbroughtintoeffectthecourtshall,uponexpiryoftheoperationalperiod,declarethatnofurtheractionwillbetaken.

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Section59cWarninganddefermentincasesofaggregatesentences

(1)Ifapersonhascommittedmorethanoneoffencesections53to55shallapplymutatismutandistothecalculationofthesentencetobedeferred.

(2)Iftheconvictedpersonissubsequentlysentencedtoafineortermofimprisonmentforanoffencecommitted



beforethewarningwasgiven,theprovisionsforfixinganaggregatesentence(Sections53to55,section58)shallapply,thedeferredsentenceshall,forthepurposesofsection55,beequaltoanimmediatesentence.

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Section60Discharge

Thecourtmayorderadischargeiftheconsequencesoftheoffencesufferedbytheoffenderaresoseriousthatanimpositionofpenaltieswouldbeclearlyinappropriate.Thisshallnotapplyiftheoffenderhasincurredasentenceofimprisonmentofmorethanoneyearfortheoffence.

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SIXTHTITLEMEASURESOFREHABILITATIONANDINCAPACITATION

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Section61Overview

Themeasuresofrehabilitationandincapacitationare

1.mentalhospitalorders

2.custodialaddictiontreatmentorders

3.detentionforthepurposeofincapacitation

4.supervisionorders

5.disqualificationfromdriving

6.disqualificationfromexercisingaprofession.

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Section62Principleofproportionality

Ameasureofrehabilitationandincapacitationmustnotbeorderedifitsuseisdisproportionatetotheseriousnessoftheoffencecommittedbyorexpectedtobecommittedbytheconvictedpersonandtothedegreeofdangerheposestosociety.

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Custodialmeasures

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Section63Mentalhospitalorder

Ifapersonhascommittedanunlawfulactinastateofinsanity(section20)ordiminishedresponsibility(section21)thecourtshallmakeamentalhospitalorderifacomprehensiveevaluationoftheoffenderandtheactleadstotheconclusionthatasaresultofhiscondition,futureseriousunlawfulactscanbeexpectedofhimandthathethereforepresentsadangertothegeneralpublic.

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Section64Custodialaddictiontreatmentorder



Ifapersonhasanaddictiontoalcoholorotherdrugsandisconvictedofanunlawfulactcommittedwhilehewasintoxicatedorasaresultofhisaddiction,orisnotconvictedonlybecausehehasbeenfoundtobeinsaneorinsanitycannotbeexcludedontheevidence,thecourtshallmakeacustodialaddictiontreatmentorderifthereisadangerthathewillcommitfutureseriousunlawfulactsasaconsequenceofhisaddiction.

Suchordershallnotbemadeunlessabinitiothereisasufficientlycertainprospectofsuccessthatthepersoncanbehealedbywayofcustodialaddictiontreatmentorthatarelapseintoaddictivebehaviourandthecommissionofseriousunlawfulactscausedbythataddictioncanbepreventedforasubstantialperiodoftime.

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Section65(repealed)

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Section66Detentionforthepurposeofincapacitation

(1)Thecourtshallmakeanincapacitationorderinadditiontothetermofimprisonment

if

1.apersonhasbeensentencedforanintentionaloffencetoatermofimprisonmentofnotlessthantwoyears,and

a)theoffencewasdirectedagainstlifeorlimb,personalfreedomorsexualselfdetermination,

b)theoffencefallsunderChaptersOne,Seven,TwentyorTwentyEightoftheSpecialPart,orundertheCodeofInternationalCriminalLawortheDrugsAct,andthemaximumsentencethreatenedisnolessthantenyearsimprisonment,or

c)violatessection145ainsofarasthesupervisionorderwasmadeonthebasisofanoffenceundera)orb)above,orifitviolates323ainsofarastheoffencecommittedinthedrunkenstatewasoneofthosementionedundera)orb)above.

2.theoffenderhadbeenconvictedforoffencesunderNo.1above,committedbeforethepresentoffence,atleasttwicetoatermofimprisonmentofnolessthanoneyeareach,

3.theoffenderhadforatleastoneoftheseoffencesbeforethepresentoffenceservedatleasttwoyearsinprisonorunderacustodialmeasureofrehabilitationandincapacitation,and

4.acomprehensiveevaluationatthetimeofthepresentconvictionoftheconvictedpersonandhisoffencesrevealsthat,duetohispropensitytocommitseriousoffences,particularlyofakindresultinginseriousemotionaltraumaorphysicalinjurytothevictim,heposesadangertothegeneralpublic.

Section12(3)shallapplymutatismutandisfortheclassificationofanoffenceasonefallingunderthe1stsentenceNo1(b)above,and68(1)4thsentencefortheterminationofthesupervisionmentionedunderthe1stsentenceNo1(c)above,

(2)Ifapersonhascommittedthreeoffencesundersubsection(1)1stsentenceNo.1aboveforeachofwhichheincurredasentenceofimprisonmentofnolessthanoneyearandhasbeensentencedtoatermofimprisonmentofnolessthanthreeyearsforoneormoreoftheseoffences,thecourtmay,undertheconditionsindicatedinsubsection(1)1stsentenceNo.4above,makeanincapacitationorderinadditiontothesentenceofimprisonmentnotwithstandingthattherewasnopriordetention(subsection(1)1stsentenceNos2and3above).

(3)Ifapersonissentencedtoatermofimprisonmentofatleasttwoyearsforafelony,whichfulfilsthecriteriaundersubsection(1)1stsentenceNo1(a)or(b),oranoffenceundersections174to174c,section176,section179(1)to(4),section180,section182,section224,section225(1)or(2),orforanintentionaloffenceundersection323ainsofarastheoffencecommittedinthedrunkenstateisoneoftheaforementionedoffences,thecourtmaymakeanincapacitationorderinadditiontothesentenceiftheoffenderhadalreadybeensentencedtoimprisonmentofatleastthreeyearsforoneormoreofthoseoffencescommittedpriortothenewoffence,andiftherequirementsindicatedinsubsection(1)1stsentenceNos3and4abovearefulfilled.Ifapersonhascommitted



twooftheoffenceslistedinthe1stsentenceofthissubsectionforeachofwhichhehasincurredasentenceofimprisonmentofnotlessthantwoyearsandifheissentencedforoneormoreoftheseoffencestoatermofimprisonmentofnolessthanthreeyears,thecourtmay,undertheconditionsindicatedinsubsection(1)1stsentenceNo.4above,makeanincapacitationorderinadditiontothesentenceevenintheabsenceofapriorsentenceofimprisonmentordetention(subsection(1)1stsentenceNos2and3).Subsections(1)and(2)aboveshallremainunaffected.

(4)Withinthemeaningofsubsection(1)1stsentenceNo2aboveanaggregatesentenceshallbedeemedasinglesentence.Iftimespentincustodyonremandorotherdetentioniscreditedagainstanytermofimprisonmentitshallbedeemedastimeservedforthepurposesofsubsection(1)1stsentenceNo3above.Apreviousoffenceshallnotbeconsideredifaperiodofmorethanfiveyearshaspassedbetweenitscommissionandthesubsequentoffenceinthecaseofoffencesagainstsexualslfdeterminationtheperiodshallbefifteenyears.Anytermduringwhichtheconvictedpersonwaskeptindetentionbyorderofapublicauthorityshallnotbeincludedinthatperiod.AnoffenceadjudicatedabroadshallbeequivalenttoanoffenceadjudicatedintheFederalRepublicofGermanyaslongasitwouldbeanoffenceundersubsection(1)1stsentenceNo1aboveunderGermancriminallaw,or,incasesundersubsection(3)above,itwouldbeanoffencelistedinsubsection(3)1stsentenceabove.

Footnote:

Section66initspreviousformincompatiblewiththeBasicLaw(Article100(1))accordingtotheoperatingpartofthedecisionoftheFederalConstitutionalCourtof4May2011,FederalLawGazetteIp.1003(2BvR2365/09etal.).

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Section66aDeferredincapacitationorder

(1)Thecourtmaymakeadeferredincapacitationorderif

1.apersonisconvictedofoneoftheoffencesinsection66(3)1stsentence,

2.theremainingcriteriaofsection66(3)arefulfilled,withtheexceptionofthereferencetosection66(1)1stsentenceNo4,and

3.itisnotsufficientlycertainbutprobablethatthecriteriaofsection66(1)1stsentenceNo4aremet.

(2)Thecourtmayalsomakeadeferredorderif

1.apersonisconvictedtoatermofimprisonmentofnolessthanfiveyearsforatleastonefelonydirectedagainstlifeorlimb,personalfreedom,sexualselfdetermination,underChapterTwentyEightorundersections250,251,alsoinconjunctionwithsections252or255,

2.thecriteriaofsection66barenotfulfilledand

3.itissufficientlycertainoratleastprobablethatthecriteriaofsection66(1)1stsentenceNo4aremet.

(3)Thecourtshalldecideonmakinganincapacitationorderdeferredundersubsections(1)or(2)abovenolaterthanthedatewhentheprisonershallhaveservedhissentenceinfullthisshallapplymutatismutandisiftheprisonerhadbeengrantedconditionalearlyreleaseandtheremainderofthesentenceisbeingenforced.Thecourtshallmaketheorderifacomprehensiveevaluationoftheprisoner,hisoffencesandalsohisdevelopmentuntilthedateofthedecisionindicatethatheislikelytocommitseriousoffencesresultinginseriousemotionaltraumaorphysicalinjurytothevictims.

Footnote:

Section66ainitspreviousformincompatiblewiththeBasicLaw(Article100(1))accordingtotheoperatingpartofthedecisionoftheFederalConstitutionalCourtof4May2011,FederalLawGazetteIp.1003(2BvR2365/09etal.).

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Section66b



Subsequentincapacitationorder

Ifpursuanttosection67d(6)amentalhospitalorderhasbeendeclaredmootbecausetheconditioncausinginsanityordiminishedresponsibilityonwhichtheorderwasbaseddidnotexistatthetimeofthatdeclaration,thecourtmaysubsequentlymakeanincapacitationorder

1.ifthementalhospitalorderpursuanttosection63wasmadebaseduponmorethanoneoftheoffencessetforthinsection66(3)1stsentenceorifthepersonhadeitherpreviouslybeensentencedtoatermofimprisonmentofnolessthanthreeyearsorhadamentalhospitalordermadeagainsthimbecauseofoneormoresuchoffenceshavingbeencommittedbyhimpriortotheoffenceleadingtothementalhospitalorderpursuanttosection63,and

2.ifacomprehensiveevaluationoftheperson,hisoffencesandhisdevelopmentuntilthedateofthedecisionindicateahighlikelihoodofhiscommittingseriousoffencesresultinginseriousemotionaltraumaorphysicalinjurytothevictims.

Thisshallapplymutatismutandisifafterservinganorderundersection63atermofimprisonmentimposedatthesametimeistobeenforcedinitsentiretyorinpart.

Footnote:

Section66binitspreviousformincompatiblewiththeBasicLaw(Article100(1))accordingtotheoperatingpartofthedecisionoftheFederalConstitutionalCourtof4May2011,FederalLawGazetteIp.1003(2BvR2365/09etal.).

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Section66cOrganisationofdetentionforthepurposesofincapacitationandofantecedentimprisonment

(1)Detentionforthepurposesofincapacitationshallbecarriedoutininstitutions,which

1.offeralevelofcaretothedetainee,basedonacomprehensivetreatmentexaminationandofaregularlyupdatedimplementationplan,

a)whichisindividualandintensiveandaimedatincentivisingandfosteringthedetaineescooperation,particularlyapsychiatric,psychoorsociotherapeuticaltreatmenttailoredtotheneedsofthedetainee,insofarasstandardisedoffersdonotappearpromising,and

b)whoseaimistominimisethedetaineesdangerousnesstothepublictoadegreethathemaybeconditionallyreleasedfromthemeasureorthemeasuredeclaredmootassoonaspossible,

2.guaranteeadetention,

a)whichburdensthedetaineeaslittleaspossible,matchestherequirementsofcareunderNo1aboveand,securityinterestsnotwithstanding,isadaptedtogeneralconditionsoflife,and

b)whichiscarriedoutinspecialbuildingsorsectionsseparatefromtheprisonregime,unlessthetreatmentunderNo1exceptionallyrequiresotherwise,and

3.inordertoachievethegoalmentionedinNo1b)

a)offermeasuresforanopendetentionregimeandpreparationsforthedetaineesrelease,unlesscompellingobjectionsexist,particularlyspecificfactorsindicatingadangerthatthedetaineemightabscondfromdetentionorusethemeasuresforthecommissionofseriousoffences,and

b)provideanaftercareoncethedetaineehasregainedhisliberty,inclosecooperationwithstateorprivateproviders.

(2)Ifthecourtinitsjudgmentmadeanincapacitationorder(section66),eitherupondeferral(section66a(3))orsubsequently(section66b)orhasmadeadeferredorder(section66a(1)and(2)),theoffendershallalreadyduringhistermofimprisonmentbeofferedthecareundersubsection(1)No1above,inparticularasociotherapeutical



treatment,withtheaimofmakingtheenforcementofthedetention(section67c(1)1stsentenceNo1)oritsimposition(section66a(3)unnecessaryasfaraspossible.

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Section67Sequenceofenforcement

(1)Ifcustodialordersformeasuresundersection63andsection64aremadeinadditiontoasentenceofimprisonment,themeasuresshallbeservedbeforethesentenceofimprisonment.

(2)Thecourtshallorderthatallorpartofthesentencebeservedbeforethemeasure,ifthepurposeofthemeasurewilltherebybebetterfacilitated.Whenmakinganorderforcustodialaddictiontreatmentinadditiontoatermofimprisonmentofnotlessthanthreeyearsthecourtshallorderthatapartofthesentenceshallbeservedbeforethemeasure.Thatpartofthesentenceistobecalculatedinamannerthatenablesadecisionundersubsection(5)1stsentencebelowtobemadeafterthepartofthesentenceandthemeasurehavebeenserved.ThecourtshalldeterminethatthesentenceshallbeservedbeforethemeasureiftheconvictedpersonisobligedtoleaveandmaybedeportedfromtheFederalRepublicofGermanyandifthereisreasontobelievethathisresidencewithinGermanywillbeterminatedduringthesentenceorimmediatelyafterthesentencewillhavebeenserved.

(3)Thecourtmaysubsequentlymake,modifyorvacateanorderpursuanttosubsection(2)1stor2ndsentencesabove,ifdeemedappropriatebasedonthecircumstancesoftheconvictedperson.

(4)Ifthemeasureisservedinwholeorinpartbeforethesentence,anytimespentservingthemeasureshallbecreditedagainstthesentenceuptoamaximumoftwothirdsofthetermofimprisonment.

(5)Ifthemeasureisservedbeforethesentenceoraremainderofthesentencethecourtmaygrantearlyconditionalreleaseundersection57(1)1stand2ndsentencesifhalfofthesentencehasbeenserved.Ifearlyreleaseisnotgrantedthemeasureshallcontinuethecourtmayorderthatthesentencebeservedinsteadifdeemedappropriatebasedonthecircumstancesoftheconvictedperson.

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Section67aTransfertoanothermeasure

(1)Ifamentalhospitalorderoracustodialaddictiontreatmentorderhavebeenmadethecourtmaysubsequentlytransfertheconvictedpersontoservetheotherofthosemeasuresifthiswouldimprovethechancesofresocialisationoftheconvictedperson.

(2)Undertheconditionofsubsection(1)abovethecourtmaysubsequentlytransferapersonsubjecttoanincapacitationordertooneofthemeasureslistedinsubsection(1).Asubsequenttransfermaybeorderedifthecriteriaundersubsection(1)abovearemetandthetransferisindicatedforthepurposesofcarryingoutamedicaloraddictiontreatment,includingpersonswhoarestillinprisonandwhosedetentionforthepurposesofincapacitationhasbeenorderedordeferred.

(3)Thecourtmaymodifyorvacateadecisionundersubsections(1)and(2)above,ifthereisreasontobelievethatthiswouldimprovethechancesofresocialisationoftheperson.Thecourtmayfurthervacateadecisionundersubsection(2),ifthereisreasontobelievethatservingthemeasuresnamedinsubsection(1)willnotleadtothedesiredresult.

(4)Thelengthofthetermsforservingameasureandtheperiodsofreviewshallbethesamethatapplyforanordermadeinajudgment.Inthecaseofsubsection(2)2ndsentenceabovethecourtshallcarryoutareviewbeforethemeasureisimplementedwithinregularintervalsofnomorethanoneyear,whethertheconditionsforadecisionundersubsection(3)2ndsentenceabovearemet.

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Section67bImmediateorderforsuspendedmeasure



(1)Ifthecourtmakesamentalhospitalorderoracustodialaddictiontreatmentorderitshallsuspendthemeasureforanoperationalprobationaryperiodifspecialcircumstancesjustifytheexpectationthatthepurposeofthemeasure

maybeachievedinthismanner.Asuspensionshallnotbeorderedifthepersonistoserveasentenceofimprisonmentimposedatthesametimeasthemeasureandwhichhasnotbeensuspended.

(2)Theorderforsuspensionshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjectedtosupervision.

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Section67cDeferredstartdateofdetention

(1)Ifasentenceofimprisonmentisservedpriortoacustodialmeasureorderedforthesameoffenceoroffences,and,beforethesentencehasbeenserved,therequiredreviewshowsthat

1.thepurposeofthemeasurenolongerrequiresitsenforcement,or

2.thatthedetentionforthepurposesofincapacitationorderwouldbedisproportionatebecausetheoffenderwasnot,inanoverallevaluationofthecourseoftheprisonsentenceserved,offeredsufficientcarewithinthemeaningofsection66c(2)inconjunctionwithsection66c(1)No1,

thecourtshallsuspendthemeasureforanoperationalprobationaryperiodtheorderforsuspensionshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjecttosupervision.Thereviewunderthe1stsentenceNo1aboveisnotrequiredifthedetentionforpurposesofincapacitationwasorderedbythetrialcourtatfirstinstancelessthanoneyearbeforetheendofthetermoftheprisonsentence.

(2)Ifthecustodialmeasurehasnotcommencedwithinaperiodofthreeyearsofitsorderbecomingfinal,andunlessacaseofsubsection(1)aboveorsection67bexists,themeasuremustnotbeenforcedunlessthecourtsoorders.Timespentbytheconvictedpersonindetentionbyorderofapublicauthorityshallnotbecreditedtotheperiod.Thecourtshallorderitsenforcementifthepurposeofthemeasurestillsorequires.Ifthepurposeofthemeasurehasnotbeenachieved,yetspecialcircumstancesjustifytheexpectationthatitmaybeachievedbyasuspensionorder,thecourtshallsuspendthemeasureforanoperationalprobationaryperiodtheorderforsuspensionshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjectedtosupervision.Ifthepurposeofthemeasurehasbeenachieved,thecourtshalldeclareitterminated.

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Section67dDurationofdetention

(1)Detentionunderacustodialaddictiontreatmentordermaynotexceedaperiodoftwoyears.Thistermshallrunfromthecommencementofthedetention.Ifacustodialmeasureisenforcedbeforeasentenceofimprisonmentimposedatthesametime,themaximumperiodshallbeextendedbythelengthofthetermofimprisonmenttotheextentthetimespentinthemeasureiscreditedtowardsthesentence.

(2)Ifnomaximumperiodhasbeenprovidedortheperiodhasnotyetexpired,thecourtshallsuspendthemeasureforanoperationalprobationaryperiodifitcanbeexpectedthatthepersonsubjecttothemeasurewillnotcommitanymoreunlawfulactsifreleased.Theorderforsuspensionshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjectedtosupervision.Thesameshallapplymutatismutandisifthecourt,afterenforcementoftheincapacitationorderhasbegun,findsthatitsfurtherenforcementwouldbedisproportionate,becausethedetaineewasnotofferedsufficientcarewithinthemeaningofsection66c(1)No1beforeaperiodsetbythecourtnotexceedingsixmonthshaselapsedsuchaperiodshallbesetbythecourtwhenreviewingthesuspensionoftheenforcement,unlesssufficientcareisoffered,indicatingthemeasurestobeoffered.Thesuspensionunderthe1stor2ndsentencesshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjecttosupervision.

(3)Iftenyearsofanincapacitationorderhavebeenserved,thecourtshalldeclarethemeasureterminatedandorderthereleaseifthereisnodangerthatthepersonunderplacementwillcommitseriousoffencesresultinginseriousemotionaltraumaorphysicalinjurytothevictims.Theorderforreleaseshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjecttosupervision.



(4)Ifthemaximumperiodhasexpiredthepersonshallbereleased.Themeasureshalltherebybeterminated.Thereleaseshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjecttosupervision.

(5)Thecourtshalldeclarethecustodialaddictiontreatmentorderterminatediftheconditionsofsection64nolongerexist.Thereleaseshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjecttosupervision.

(6)If,aftertheenforcementofamentalhospitalorderhasbegun,thecourtfindsthattheconditionsforthemeasurenolongerexistorthatthecontinuedenforcementofthemeasurewouldbedisproportionate,thecourtshalldeclareitterminated.Thereleaseshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjectedtosupervision.Thecourtshallwaivesupervisionifitcanbeexpectedthatthepersonwillnotcommitanyfurtheroffenceswithoutit.

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Section67eReview

(1)Thecourtmayreviewatanytimewhetherthefurtherenforcementofthecustodialmeasureshouldbesuspendedorthemeasurebedeclaredterminated.Itmustperformthereviewwithinspecifiedperiods.

(2)Thespecifiedperiodsshallbesixmonthsforacustodialaddictiontreatmentorderoneyearforamentalhospitalorderoneyearforincapacitationorders,aftertenyearsofdetentionninemonths.

(3)Thecourtmayreducetheperiod.Itmayalsosetdateswithinthestatutorylimitsforreviewbeforetheexpirationofwhichanapplicationforreviewshallbeinadmissible.

(4)Theperiodshallrunfromthecommencementofthedetention.Ifthecourtdeniessuspensionorterminationtheperiodshallcommenceanewwiththatdecision.

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Section67fMultipleorders

Ifthecourtmakesacustodialaddictiontreatmentorderanyprevioussuchordershallbedeemedtobeterminated.

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Section67gRevocationofsuspendedmeasure

(1)Thecourtshallrevokethesuspensionofacustodialmeasureiftheconvictedperson

1.commitsanunlawfulactduringtheperiodofsupervision

2.grosslyandpersistentlyviolatesdirectionsundersection68bor

3.persistentlyevadesthesupervisionandguidanceoftheprobationofficerorthesupervisionauthority

andthereisreasontobelievethatthepurposeofthemeasurerequireshisdetention.The1stsentenceaboveshallapplymutatismutandisifthereasonforrevocationarosebetweenthedecisiononsuspensionandthestartofthesupervision(section68c(4)).

(2)Thecourtshallalsorevokethesuspensionofameasurepursuanttosection63andsection64ifthereisevidenceduringtheoperationalperiodofthesupervisionthatunlawfulactsaretobeexpectedfromtheconvictedpersonasaresultofhisconditionandthepurposeofthemeasurerequireshisdetention.

(3)Thecourtshallfurtherrevokethesuspensionifevidence,whichhascometoitsattentionduringtheperiodofthesupervisionandwhichwouldhaveledtothesuspensionbeingdenied,showsthatthepurposeofthemeasurerequiresthedetentionoftheconvictedperson.

(4)Theperiodofdetentionbeforeandaftertherevocationmustnotinitstotalityexceedthemaximumstatutoryperiodforthemeasure.

(5)Ifthecourtdoesnotrevokethesuspensionofthemeasurethemeasureshallbedeemedterminatedatthe



conclusionoftheoperationalperiodofsupervision.

(6)Serviceswhichtheconvictedpersonhasrenderedinfulfilmentofdirectionsshallnotbereimbursed.

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Section67hLimitedorderformeasuretakingeffectcrisisintervention

(1)Duringtheperiodofsupervisionthecourtmaymakeanorderthatthesuspendedmeasureundersection63orsection64takeeffectforadurationnotexceedingthreemonthsiftherehasbeenanacutedeteriorationofthestateofthereleasedpersonorarelapseintohisaddictivebehaviourandifthemeasureisnecessaryinordertoavoidarevocationundersection67g.Undertheconditionsofthe1stsentenceaboveitmayordertherenewalofthemeasureorextenditsdurationthemaximumdurationofthemeasuremustnotexceedatotalofsixmonths.Section67gshallapplymutatismutandis.

(2)Thecourtshallvacatethemeasurebeforetheexpiryoftheperiodsetpursuanttosubsection(1)aboveifitspurposehasbeenachieved.

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Supervision

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Section68Conditionsofsupervision

(1)Ifapersonhasincurredafixedtermsentenceofimprisonmentofnotlessthansixmonthsforanoffenceinrelationtowhichthelawspecificallyprovidesfortheavailabilityofasupervisionorder,thecourtmaymakesuchanorderinadditiontothesentenceifthereisadangerthatthepersonwillcommitfurtheroffences.

(2)Thestatutoryprovisionsprovidingforsupervision(section67b,section67c,67d(2)to(6)andsection68f)remainunaffected.

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Section68aSupervisingauthority,probationsupport,forensicambulanceservice

(1)Theconvictedpersonshallbeassignedtoasupervisingauthoritythecourtshallappointaprobationofficertosupporthimfortheperiodofsupervision.

(2)Theprobationofficerandsupervisingauthorityshallacttogethertoassistandoffercaretotheconvictedperson.

(3)Thesupervisingauthorityshallsupervisetheconductoftheconvictedpersonandthefulfilmentofthedirectionsincooperationwiththecourtandwiththesupportoftheprobationofficer.

(4)Ifthereisdisagreementbetweenthesupervisingauthorityandtheprobationofficerastoquestionswhichaffectassistanceandcarefortheconvictedpersonthecourtshallresolvethematter.

(5)Thecourtmaygiveinstructionstothesupervisingauthorityandtheprobationofficerconcerningtheirfunctions.

(6)Beforefilingarequesttoprosecuteundersection145a2ndsentencethesupervisingauthorityshallheartheprobationofficersubsection(4)abovedoesnotapply.

(7)Ifadirectionpursuanttosection68b(2)2ndand3rdsentenceshasbeenordered,theforensicambulanceserviceshallworktogetherwiththepartiesmentionedinsubsection(2)above.Subsections(3)and(6)aboveonthepositionoftheprobationofficeraboveshallapplymutatismutandistotheforensicambulanceservice.

(8)Thepartiesmentionedinsubsection(1)aboveandthestaffoftheforensicambulanceservicementionedinsection203(1)Nos1,2and5shalldisclosethirdpartysecretstoeachotherwhichhavecometotheirattentionin



thecourseoftheiractivitieswithintherelationshipmentionedinsection203orotherwise,totheextentthatthisisnecessarytosupporttheconvictedpersoninavoidingthecommissionoffutureoffences.Moreover,thestaffoftheforensicambulanceservicementionedinsection203(1)Nos1,2and5shalldisclosesuchsecretstothesupervisingauthorityandthecourt,ifintheiropinion

1.thisisnecessaryforthepurposeofensuringthattheconvictedpersonadherestoadirectionundersection68b(1)1stsentenceNo11topresenthimselfatcertainintervals,orthatheparticipates,withintheremitofadirectionundersection68b(2)2ndand3rdsentences,intreatment,

2.theconductoftheconvictedpersongivesreasontobelievethatmeasuresundersection67g,section67horsection68c(2)or(3)arenecessary,or

3.ifthisisnecessarytoavertaseriousandpresentdangertolifeandlimb,personalfreedomorthesexualselfdeterminationofthirdparties.

Incasesunderthe1stsentenceandthe2ndsentenceNos2and3ofthissubsection,informationwithinthemeaningofsection203(1)disclosedbystaffoftheforensicambulanceservicemayonlybeusedforthepurposesmentionedtherein.

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Section68bDirections

(1)Thecourtmay,forthedurationofthesupervisionorforashorterperiod,directtheconvictedperson

1.nottoleavehisplaceofdomicileorhisresidenceoraspecifiedareawithoutthepermissionofthesupervisingauthority

2.nottofrequentspecifiedplaceswhichmayinducehimtocommitfurtheroffences

3.nottomakeormaintaincontactwiththevictim,orcertainpersonsorpersonsfromacertaingroupwhomayinducehimtocommitfurtheroffences,nortoemploy,trainorharbourthem

4.nottoengageinparticularactivitieswhichincertaincircumstancesmaybeexploitedforcriminalpurposes

5.nottopossess,carryorentrusttoanotherforsafekeepingparticularobjectswhichcouldinducehimtocommitfurtheroffences

6.nottopossessordrivemotorvehiclesorparticulartypesofmotorvehiclesorothervehicles,whichincertaincircumstancesmaybemisusedbyhimforcriminalpurposes

7.toreportatparticulartimestothesupervisingauthority,toanotherpublicauthorityortotheprobationofficer

8.toreportpromptlyeverychangeofresidenceoremploymenttothesupervisingauthority

9.toreportinthecaseofunemploymenttothePublicEmploymentAgencyortoanotherauthorisedemploymentagency

10.nottoconsumealcoholorotherdrugs,ifbasedoncertaininformationthereisreasontobelievethattheirconsumptionwillcontributetothecommissionoffutureoffences,andtoundergoalcoholanddrugtestsofanoninvasivenatureor

11.topresenthimselfatcertaintimesoratcertainintervalstoadoctor,apsychotherapistortheforensicambulanceservice,or

12.tocarrytheequipmentfortheelectronicmonitoringofhiswhereaboutsinworkingorderwithhimatalltimesandnottotamperwiththem.

Thecourtshallindicatetheprohibitedorrequiredconductaspreciselyaspossibleinitsdirections.Adirectionunderthe1stsentenceNo12aboveshallbeinadmissible,unless

1.thesupervisionwastriggeredbyhavingservedthetotalityofasentenceofimprisonmentorbyanaggregate



sentenceofnolessthanthreeyearsimprisonmentoronthebasisofaspentmeasure,

2.thesentenceoraggregatesentenceofimprisonmentorthedetentionwereorderedforoneormoreoffencesasmentionedinsection66(3)1stsentence,

3.thereisadangerthattheconvictedpersonmaycommitfurtheroffencesasmentionedinsection66(3)1stsentence,and

4.thedirectionappearsnecessarytopreventtheconvictedpersonfromcommittingfurtheroffencesasmentionedinsection66(3)1stsentence,bymeansofdataprocessingundersection463a(4)2ndsentenceoftheCodeofCriminalProcedure,inparticularforthepurposesofmonitoringcompliancewithdirectionsimposedunderthe1stsentenceNos1or2above.

Therequirementsofthe3rdsentenceNo1inconjunctionwithNo2abovearemetirrespectiveofwhetherthesupervisionundersection68e(1)1stsentencereferredtothereinhasbeenterminated.

(2)Thecourtmay,forthedurationofthesupervisionorforashorterperiod,givedirectionstotheconvictedperson,particularlyinrelationtoeducation,employment,leisure,orderingoffinancialaffairs,orthefulfilmentofmaintenanceobligations.Thecourtmaydirecttheconvictedpersontoundergopsychiatric,psychoorsociotherapy(therapydirection).Section56c(3)shallapplymutatismutandis,alsoforthedirectiontoundergoinvasivealcoholordrugtests.

(3)Nounreasonabledemandsmaybemadeinthedirectionsonthelifestyleoftheconvictedperson.

(4)Ifbythecommencementofasupervisionperiodanalreadyexistingstateofsupervisionisdeemedterminatedpursuanttosection68e(1)1stsentenceNo3,thecourtshallincludethedirectionsissuedundertheprevioussupervisioninitsownorder.

(5)Totheextentthatthesupervisionofaconvictedpersoninthecasesofsubsection(1)No11aboveorhistreatmentundersubsection(2)aboveisnotcarriedoutbyaforensicambulanceservicesection68a(8)shallapplymutatismutandis.

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Section68cDuration

(1)Theperiodofsupervisionshalllastnolessthantwoandnomorethanfiveyears.Thecourtmayreducethemaximumduration.

(2)Thecourtmaymakeanindeterminatesupervisionorderexceedingthemaximuminsubsection(1)1stsentenceaboveiftheconvictedperson

1.doesnotconsenttoadirectionundersection56c(3)No1or

2.doesnotcomplywithadirectiontoundergomedicaltreatmentoraddictiontreatmentoratherapydirection

andifadangertothegeneralpublicthroughthecommissionoffurtherseriousoffencesistobeexpected.Iftheconvictedpersonsubsequentlyconsents,thecourtshallfixthefurtherdurationofthesupervision.Section68e(3)shallapply.

(3)Thecourtmaymakeanindeterminatesupervisionorderexceedingthemaximuminsubsection(1)1stsentenceaboveif

1.inthecaseofasuspendedmentalhospitalorderundersection67d(2)thereisreasontobelievethattheconvictedpersonisotherwiseabouttolapseintoastateundersection20orsection21resultinginadangertothegeneralpublicbythecommissionoffurtherseriousunlawfulacts,or

2.iftheviolationofdirectionsundersection68b(1)or(2)orotherspecificcircumstancesgivereasontobelievethattheremaybeadangertothegeneralpublicbythecommissionoffurtherseriousoffences,and

a)theconvictedpersonhas,foranoffencelistedundersection181b,beensentencedtoasingleoraggregate



termofimprisonmentofnotlessthantwoyearsoramentalhospitalorderoracustodialaddictiontreatmentorder,or

b)supervisionunderthecriteriasection68b(1)3rdsentenceNo1wastriggeredandthesentenceoraggregatesentenceofimprisonmentorthedetentionwaswasimposedororderedforoneormorefeloniesagainstlifeorlimb,personalfreedomorundersections250,251,alsoinconjunctionwithsections252or255

Forthterminationofthesupervisionsection68b(1)4thsentenceshallapplymutatismutandis.

(4)Inthecaseofsection68b(1)supervisionshallcommencewhentheorderbecomesfinalinthecasesofsection67b(2),section67c(1)1stsentenceand(2)4thsentenceandofsection67d(2)3rdsentenceitshallcommencewhenthesuspensionorderbecomesfinaloratalaterdateasspecifiedbythecourt.Anytimeduringwhichthepersonwasafugitive,washiding,orwaskeptindetentionbyorderofapublicauthorityshallnotbecreditedagainstitsduration.

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Section68dSubsequentdecisionsreviewperiod

(1)Thecourtmaysubsequentlymake,modifyorvacatedecisionspursuanttosection68a(1)and(5),section68b,section68c(1)2ndsentence,(2)and(3).

(2)Inthecaseofadirectionundersection68b(1)1stsentenceNo12,thecourtshallreviewwhetheritistobevacatedbeforetwoyearshavelapsed.Section67e(3)and(4)shallapplymutatismutanids.

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Section68eTerminationorstayofsupervision

(1)Unlessthesupervisionorderisindeterminateorinthecaseofasuspensionofacustodialmeasure(sections67b(2),67c(1)1stsentence,(2)4thsentence,67d(2)3rdsentence,thesupervisionends

1.withthecommencementofacustodialmeasure,

2.withthecommencementofasentenceofimprisonment,inadditiontowhichacustodialmeasurehasbeenordered,

3.withthecommencementofanewsupervision.

Inallothercasesthesupervisionshallbestayedforthetimeapersonservesasentenceofimprisonmentoracustodialmeasure.Thecourtvacatesanysupervisiontriggeredbythesuspensionofacustodialmeasureifitisnolongernecessaryinlightoftheexistenceofacircumstancementionedinthe1stsentenceNos13above.Ifanewsupervisionisaddedtoanalreadyexistingindeterminatesupervisionorinthecaseofasuspensionofacustodialmeasure,thecourtshallvacatethenewmeasureifitisnotnecessaryinviewoftheexistingone.

(2)Thecourtshallterminatethesupervisionifthereisreasontobelievethatthepersonwillnotcommitanyfurtheroffenceswithoutit.Theterminationmustnotbeorderedbeforetheexpiryofthestatutoryminimumperiod.Thecourtmaysetperiodsnotexceedingsixmonthsbeforetheexpiryofwhichanapplicationforterminationofsupervisionisinadmissible.

(3)Inthecaseofindeterminatesupervision,thecourtshall

1.inthecaseofsection68c(2)1stsentencenolaterthanafterexpiryofthemaximumperiodundersection68c(1)1stsentence,

2.inthecaseofsection68c(3)beforetheexpiryoftwoyears,

reviewwhetheradecisionundersubsection(2)1stsentenceaboveisappropriate.Ifthecourtdeniestheterminationofsupervision,itshallreviewthecasebeforetheexpiryofafurthertwoyears.



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Section68fSupervisionafterservingfullsentence

(1)Ifasingleoraggregatesentenceofimprisonmentofnotlessthantwoyearshasbeenimposedforintentionaloffences,ornotlessthanoneyearforanoffencelistedinsection181b,hasbeenfullyserved,supervisionshallcommenceuponthereleaseoftheconvictedperson.Thisshallnotapplyifacustodialmeasureofrehabilitationandincapacitationisenforcedimmediatelyafterwards.

(2)Thecourtmaywaivesupervisionifthereis

German Criminal Code

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