Gladiators - Middlebury...

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Gladiators

Transcript of Gladiators - Middlebury...

Page 1: Gladiators - Middlebury Collegesites.middlebury.edu/circusmaximus/files/2013/09/gladiator-slides.pdf · Gladiators . Terms! ! Editor ! Munerarius ! Lanista ! Ludus vs. ludi ! Infamia:

Gladiators

Page 2: Gladiators - Middlebury Collegesites.middlebury.edu/circusmaximus/files/2013/09/gladiator-slides.pdf · Gladiators . Terms! ! Editor ! Munerarius ! Lanista ! Ludus vs. ludi ! Infamia:

Terms! � Editor � Munerarius � Lanista � Ludus vs. ludi �  Infamia: one marked by infamia cannot

serve in the army, vote for magistrates or on laws, serve on juries, can be tortured and killed.

� Auctoratio: tribune of the plebs, lanista or editor

Page 3: Gladiators - Middlebury Collegesites.middlebury.edu/circusmaximus/files/2013/09/gladiator-slides.pdf · Gladiators . Terms! ! Editor ! Munerarius ! Lanista ! Ludus vs. ludi ! Infamia:

Who are gladiators? � Slaves, criminals, captives of war, and

‘handsome and well-built young men’? � Wealthy elite?

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‘Pursuer’

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Secutor Grave Stele, 2nd CE, Turkey

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Secutor and Retiarius 2nd-3rd CE, Colchester

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2nd-3rd CE, Secutor and Retiarius (ref with summa rudis)

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2nd-3rd CE

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‘Attacker’

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Tombstone of a Provocator Gladiator 2nd-3rd CE, Ephesus

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Provocator Helmet 1st CE, Quadriporticus Pompeii

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‘Heavy weapons fighter’ Thrusting spear is the primary weapon; dagger is the backup

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‘Fish’ (dorsal fin?) Festus (cited by Dunkle): ‘I do not attack you, I attack a fish. Why do you flee me, Gaul?’ --an offshoot of the Gaul, whose helmet was decorated with a fish. SCUTARII (scutum)

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Netman

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Murmillo and Hoplomachus (thrusting spear), 1st BCE

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Skeletal wounds of a murmillo gladiator 2nd-3rd CE, Ephesus

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Terracotta Lamp, murmillo and a thraex 2nd CE Thraex—sole survivor of the ethnic based gladiators in the imperial period; captives in the 2nd-1st BCE, Mithradatic Wars; Spartacus; traditionally paired with a hoplomachus or a murmillo

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Short curved sword, square shield Carried a parma Parmularii (Caligula)

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Helmet of a murmillo 1st CE, quadriporticus, Pompeii