Heinz Dieter Kittsteiner, »Logisch« und »Historisch«. Über Differenzen des Marxschen und...

8/8/2019 Heinz Dieter Kittsteiner, Logisch und Historisch. ber Differenzen des Marxschen und Engelsschen Systems der

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OJHNUEL+ TGC LNUSJ[NUEL+5

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OJHNUEL+ TGC LNUSJ[NUEL+ 4

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53 Dghdou fg @f{|' K{ndb rj` ;4'8'6' ng1 f'f'J'/ U' 323'


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8/47


9/47

OJHNUEL+ TGC LNUSJ[NUEL+ >

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49 Mf{o @f{|/Cfu Mfynsfo/ 6' Ftbo' ,6


10/47


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29 Ftb cnd gjel tgdgsxnemdosd Bj{` dngd{ hdgdsnueldg+ Y{jkodùsdootgh rd{xdnus Eduf{d Otyj{ngn/ Mf{o@f{| - Mj``tgnu`tu tgc Cnfodmsnm/ B{fgmbt{s*@' 6>83/ U' 89/ U' 54 bb'

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11/47


uel{dnks1 Food Rd{losgnuud mggdg ng cd{ Uy{feld gt{ fou Kdh{nbbd ftuhdc{ems xd{cdg' Cfcndud Foohd`dngldnsdg tgc Kdh{nbbd fou `~usd{nud @elsd hdosdg/ nus dngd gjsxdgcnhd Bjohdcd{ Rd{udokusgcnhtgh cd{ {dfodg Rd{losgnuud/ cd{dg Ftuc{tem und ungc' 25 - cfgg nus cf`nscnd ylnojujylnueld H{tgcofhd b{ cnd Fgd{mdggtgh cdu [fsnjgdoodg ng cd{ Ldhdoueldg

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Xnd cndud kdncdg Ongndg cd{ Ldhdom{nsnm/ cnd Dgs`~usnbnqnd{tgh dngd{ koj uydmtofsnrdg Rd{-`nssotgh cdu Fkus{fmsdg `ns cd` Mjgm{dsdg tgc cnd foo`loneld D{mdggsgnu cdu [dfonssu-hdlfosdu cd{ Rd{mdl{tgh rjg Utkadms tgc Jkadms `ns cd{ Dgsxnemotgh cd{ M{nsnm cd{ Yjonsn-ueldg mjgj`nd rd{`nssdos ungc/ mfgg lnd{ gnels kdlfgcdos xd{cdg' Qt rd{xdnudg nus fkd{cf{ftb/ cf ujxjlo @f{| ng udngdg b{ldg mjgj`nueldg D|qd{ysdg fou ftel cd{ atghd Dghdounl{d M{nsnm cd{ mjgj`nd tgsd{ cd` Dngbot Bdtd{kfelu kdhnggdg/ xfu unel cf{ng qdnhs/ cfund foodng cnd Dkdgd cd{ Y{dnud fou {dfo fgd{mdggdg tgc cdg Xd{s fou dngd Fkus{fmsnjgrd{xd{bdg' 23 Cnd foo`loneld Ftuf{kdnstgh cd{ Xd{s- tgc @dl{xd{sodl{d usdoos unel b{ @f{|cfld{ rjg rj{gld{dng fou cnd Ftbhfkd/ cfu Hdudsq cdu Xd{su `ns cd{ xn{moneldg Kdxdhtghcd{ Y{dnud qt rd{`nssdog' 24 Cndudu ftu cd{ uel{nssxdnud rjooqjhdgdg Ldhdom{nsnm ld{-rj{hdhfghdgd Rd{bfl{dg gdggs @f{| hd{fcd t` unel hdhdg cnd mofuunueld mjgj`nd fkqt-

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tgsd{usdoodg'+ Mf{o @f{|/Ftu cdg D|qd{ysldbsdg/ ng1 Mf{o @f{| tgc B{ndc{nel Dghdou/ Hduf`sftuhfkd @DHF /D{usd Fksdnotgh/ Kc' 5/ Kd{ong 6>5;/ U' 49;' - Uj usdls fkd{ foodu ng cd{ mjgj`nd ftb cd` Mjyb= cd{ Xd{s/ cd{cfu T{uy{ghoneld/ cnd Vtdood cdu Y{dnudu nus/ xn{c rjg cndud`/ udngd` dnhdgdg Y{jctms/ fklghnh hd`fels'Kdmfggsonel nus cndud T`mdl{tgh cfu Xdudg cd{ Fkus{fmsnjg/ xj{kd{ Bdtd{kfel qt rd{hodneldg'+ B{ndc{nelDghdou/ T`{nuud qt dngd{ M{nsnm cd{ Gfsnjgfomjgj`nd/ ng1@DX/ Kc' 6/ U' 49


12/47

6; LDNGQ-CNDSD[ MNSSUSDNGD[

cd{ F{kdns dngdu `~usnueldg Utkadmsu' Und ungc fkd{ dkdgujxdgnh tg`nssdokf{d{ Ftuc{tem`dgueloneld{ F{kdns/ ujgcd{g und ungc cfu Y{jctms cd{ dgsb{d`cdsdg/ c'l' cd{ unel ng uydqn-bnueldg hdudoouelfbsoneldg Bj{`dg rd{hdhdgusgconeldgcdg/ fkus{fms-foohd`dngdg dgueloneldgF{kdns' Cndud Dgs`~usnbnqnd{tgh dngd{ Rd{gtgbs ng cd{ Hduelnelsd ljos nl{dg Hdhdg-usfgcukd{dnel ng cnd Mj`ydsdgq dngd{ Xnuudguelfbs utn hdgd{nu rjg cd{ Sjsfonss cd{ Bj{`dg cd{k{hd{oneldg Hdudoouelfbs qt{em' 2< Cd{dg cd` d{mdggdgcdg Cdgmdg b{d`c hdhdgkd{-usdldgcd D{ueldngtghdg xd{cdg ng nl{d` nggd{dg Qtuf``dglfgh d{mo{kf{/ xdgg und fou Bj{-`dg cd{ Rd{hdhdgusgconeltgh fkus{fms-foohd`dngd{ F{kdns hdgdsnuel dgsxnemdos xd{cdg mg-gdg'

Xdgg fouj @f{| - t` ftb tgud{dg Ftuhfghuytgms qt{emqtmj``dg n` Rd{oftb cd{ Dgs-xnemotgh cd{ Xd{sbj{` fg`d{ms/ gt{ cd{ Ldhdoueld Kdh{nbb k{nghd du bd{snh/ unel jlgd td{dgUsjbb qt jkadmsnrnd{dg/ uj nus cfu/ n` Mjgsd|s udngd{ hduf`sdg Ldhdom{nsnm/ tgrjoousgcnh' Ldhdokdcf{b udl{ xjlo dngdu td{dg Usjbbu/ d{ rd{`fh nlg fkd{ gt{ n` Fms dngd{ uydmtofsnrdgBj{`hdgdud fou Y{jctms dngd{ kd{h{dnbdgcdg Rd{gtgbs qt d{mo{dg' Cndud{ koj uydmtofsnrdgudsqs @f{| cnd {dfod Bj{`hdgdud dgshdhdg' Cfu unel mjgm{dsnund{dgcd Foohd`dngd nus gnels dng`~usnueldu Utkadms/ ujgcd{g dngd kdusn``sd Bj{` cd{ Rd{ftuhfktgh hdudoouelfbsoneld{ F{kdns'

Cndud F{kdns nus qthodnel mjgm{ds tgc fkus{fms= mjgm{ds/ cdgg gt{ cd{ hdk{fteluxd{suelfbbdgcdg`dgueloneldg F{kdns usdls dng kdusn``sd{ Gfst{usjbb hdhdgkd{/ dng tuud{du @fsd{nfo/ xj{ngund unel rd{hdhdgusgconels' 2> Fkd{ fg cndud{ d{usdg Rd{hdhdgusgconeltgh rjooqndls unel dngdqxdnsd1 cd{ [jem ng udngd{ Gfst{fobj{` xn{c nggd{lfok cdu Xd{sftuc{temu qt` Xd{sm{yd{/ c'l'qt{ Ngmf{gfsnjg fkus{fms-foohd`dngd{ F{kdns' Fgcd{u fou kdn Ldhdo cd{ cf{t` ftel cf{ftbrd{qnelsdg `t/ cd{ Rj{usdootgh cndudg kd{hfgh rj` Utkadms ng cfu Jkadms yoftunkdo qt`feldg 89 - ondhs cfu Jkadms gnels fou dng Hdhdkdgdu rj{/ cfu gt{ cnd uydmtofsnrd Bj{` dngd{Kdusn``tgh cd{ Ncdd d{los/ ujgcd{g ujxjlo cfu Jkadms/ fou ftel cnd fg nl` unel rjooqndldgcdJkadmsnrnd{tgh cdu Xd{su/ ungc [dutosfs cd{ Rd{ftuhfktgh dgueloneld{ F{kdns ng Cjyydobj{`'Cnd Dgscdemtgh cdu Cjyydoelf{fmsd{u `dgueloneld{ F{kdns knocds cfld{ gnels gt{ cdgUy{nghytgms cd{ M{nsnm cd{ yjonsnueldg mjgj`nd/ 86 ujgcd{g qthodnel ftel cdg Uy{nghytgmscd{ @f{|ueldg Ldhdom{nsnm'

M{nsnm cd{ mjgj`nueldg Mfsdhj{ndg/ uj lfssd @f{| fg Ofuufood hduel{ndkdg/ nus cfu U~usd`cd{ k{hd{oneldg mjgj`nd m{nsnuel cf{hdusdoos' Du nus qthodnel Cf{usdootgh cdu U~usd`u tgcct{el cnd Cf{usdootgh M{nsnm cduudokdg' ,Rho' U' 8 . Cf`ns odhs d{ ng rd{m{qsd{ Bj{` dngdOutgh rj{/ rjg cd{ d{ xdn/ cf Ofuufood und ng nl{d{ S{fhxdnsd gnels xn{c d{mdggdg mg-

22


13/47

/OJHNUEL+ TGC LNUSJ[NUEL+ 65

gdg/ cdgg mt{q qtrj{ lfssd @f{| unel ng dngd` K{ndb fg Dghdou kd{ cduudg mjgj`nueld Rd{-uteld kdotusnhs1 Nel udld ftu cndud{ dngdg Gjsd/ cf cd{ Md{o rj{lfs/ cnd yjonsnueld mjgj`ndldhdouel rj{qts{fhdg ng udngd` ;sdg h{jdg jytu' D{ xn{c qt udngd` Uelfcdg mdggdgod{gdg/cf du dng hfgq fgc{du Cngh nus/ ct{el M{nsnm dngd Xnuudguelfbs d{us ftb cdg Ytgms k{nghdg/ tùnd cnfodmsnuel cf{usdoodg qt mggdg/ jcd{ dng fkus{fmsdu/ bd{snhdu U~usd` cd{ Ojhnm ftbFlgtghdg dkdg dngdu ujoeldg U~usdù fgqtxdgcdg' 8;

Cd{ K{ndb ufhs ng lng{dneldgcd{ Cdtsonelmdns/ xfu dngd u~usd`fsnueld M{nsnm cd{ yjonsnueldgmjgj`nd gnelsudng mfgg1 Und nus mdngd Fgxdgctgh cd{ ,tgm{nsnund{sdg. Ldhdoueldg Ojhnm ftbdngdg kdondknhdg Usjbb' 85 Cfu Rd{bfl{dg nl{d{ M{nsnm nus fkd{ mdng koj `dsljcnueldu/ cfu dsxfgt{ b{ cnd Cf{usdootgh {dodrfgs x{d/ ujgcd{g dng sldj{dsnueldu/ cfu qthodnel cdg Odnsbfcdgb{ cnd M{nsnm cd{ mjgj`nueldg Mfsdhj{ndg fkhnks' @f{|( Rd{losgnu qt Ldhdo mfgg gt{kdh{nbbdg xd{cdg/ xdgg `fg unel mof{`fels/ cf Ldhdou Cnfodmsnm gt{ cnd `dsljcnueldBj{` dngdu hduelnelsuylnojujylnueldg Dgsxt{bu nus/ cnd Xdos fou dngd ng unel unggrjood Sjsfonsscf{qtusdoodg' Ftb cdg Qtuf``dglfgh cd{ @f{|ueldg M{nsnm cndudu U~usdù `ns cd{Ld{ftuf{kdnstgh cdu Cjyydoelf{fmsd{u cd{ F{kdns lfkdg xn{ mt{q rd{xndudg' Gt{ cnd Xnuudg-uelfbs rjg cdg hdudoouelfbsoneldg Bj{`dg tgc nl{d{ Kdxdhtgh ng cd{ Qdns mfgg ftb dngd m{n-

snuel-u~usd`fsnueld Cf{usdootgh ng cndud` Unggd Fguy{tel d{ldkdg/ cdgg gt{ nl{ Hdhdgusfgcu-kd{dnel nus fou Y{jctms fkus{fms-foohd`dngd{ `dgueloneld{ F{kdns kdh{dnbkf{' 83

K. Dghdou

Hdls `fg tgsd{ cndud{ Y{jkodùsdootgh cnd [dqdgunjg Qt{ M{nsnm cd{ Yjonsnueldg mjgj`ndrjg 6 ct{el/ uj qdnhs unel/ cf Dghdou kd{ cndud `fsd{nfonusnueld Dngoutgh cdu ncdfonusn-ueldg U~usd`kdh{nbbu jbbdgkf{ gnels n` mof{dg xf{' Qxf{ rd{usdls d{ tgsd{ dngd{ u~usd`fsn-ueldg Kdlfgcotgh dkdgbfoou cnd Ftbhfkd/ dngd Xnuudguelfbs ng nl{d` dnhdgdg/ nggd{dg Qt-uf``dglfgh qt dgsxnemdog= 84 cfu nglfosoneld Y{jkod` adcjel/ mjgj`nueld Bj{`dg fougjsxdgcnhd D{ueldngtghdg dngd{ hdudoouelfbsoneldg Sjsfonss qt kdh{dnbdg/ {dctqnd{s unel kdn

8; Mf{o @f{|/ K{ndb fg Dghdou rj` 6';'6


14/47


nl` ftb dng koj bj{`fodu' Dghdou jyd{nd{s `ns qxdn foohd`dngdg Xnuudguelfbsus~ydg1 hdls`fg `dsfyl~unuel fg cnd Xn{monelmdns/ uj qd{boos und ng nujond{sd/ usf{{d Kdusfgcsdnod/ 82kdcndgs `fg unel fkd{ cd{ Cnfodmsnm/ uj d{uelonddg unel nl{d xdudgsoneldg Qtuf``dglghd'88 Xdno d{ fkd{ cnd Kdcdtstgh cdu Y{jkod`u cd{ Jkadmsnrfsnjg `dgueloneld{ F{kdns b{ cnd

Kdusn``tgh cdu nggd{dg Qtuf``dglfghu cd{ Xn{monelmdns gnels d{mdggs/ rd{xnuels unelnl` cnd nglfosoneld Rd{kngctghuongnd qxnueldg cd{ M{nsnm cd{ Ldhdoueldg Ylnojujylnd tgc cd{M{nsnm cd{ yjonsnueldg mjgj`nd= b{ Dghdou ungc cfld{ n` Y{ngqny food Xnuudguelfbsdgu~usd`fsnuel/ c'l' cnfodmsnuel cf{usdookf{1 8< Lnd{ xf{ fouj dngd fgcd{d B{fhd qt oudg/ cnd`ns cd{ yjonsnueldg mjgj`nd fg unel gnelsu qt stg lfssd' Xnd xf{ cnd Xnuudguelfbs qtkdlfgcdog: 8>

B{ cndud rd{foohd`dngd{sd Ftbhfkdgusdootgh kdcf{b Dghdou dngd{ Ldhdom{nsnm/ cdgg cnd Cnf-odmsnm ng cd{ hfgq fkus{fmsdg/ uydmtofsnrdg Hdusfos/ xj{ng Ldhdo und lngsd{ofuudg/


15/47


Ylfud kd{xtgcdg lfssd/


16/47


Cfhdhdg rd{xdnus cnd koj td{oneld Rd{mgybtgh rjg @fsd{nfonu`tu tgc Cnfodmsnm kdn Dg-hdou ftb dngd ueljg rj{hghnhd Rd{m{qtgh udngdu `fsd{nfonusnueldg Ftuhfghuytgmsdu' @nsBdtd{kfel nus d{ hd` cd` Rd{bfl{dg cd{ Utkadms-Y{cnmfs-Rd{mdl{tgh qt` @fsd{nfonu`tu

hdmj``dg' 9 Cnd Mdl{udnsd udngdu koj d`yn{nueldg @fsd{nfonu`tu nus cd{ hdldn`d Ncdfonu`tu cd{hd{dssdsdg @dsljcd1 cf Dghdou cnd Sfsufeldg gnels fou Bj{`dg hdudoouelfbsoneld{ Rd{-losgnuud qt kdusn``dg rd{`fh/ `t d{ nl{dg nggd{dg Qtuf``dglfgh ng foohd`dngdg cnfodm-

snueldg Kdxdhtghuhdudsqdg uteldg' >6 Cnd Ftbhfkd dngd{ gnels-`dsfyl~unueldg Kdlfgcotghrjg Hdudoouelfbs tgc Hduelnelsd/ cnd unel kdn @f{| fou ng unel tgsd{uelndcdgd Dngldns rjgBj{ueltghu- tgc Cf{usdootghuxdnud td{s/ boos cfld{ b{ Dghdou ftudngfgcd{ ng qxdn Uel{nssdcdu Ftbkftu cd{ Xnuudguelfbsdg uelodelslng1 ftb dngd{ d`yn{nuel-`fsd{nfonusnueldg H{tgc-ofhd d{ldkdg unel cnd yjunsnrdg Dngqdoxnuudguelfbsdg/ cd{dg [dutosfsd jlgd cf d{mo{sx{cd/ xnd und ct{el M{nsnm ftb cdg Ytgms qt k{nghdg ungc/ rjg cd` ftu und cnfodmsnuelcf{usdookf{ xd{cdg ,Rho' U' 65. cfgg rd{`nssdou cdu cnfodmsnueldg Cdgmdgu qt` U~usd`qtuf``dghdbfs xd{cdg ujoodg' >; Fgusdood cd{ hdudoouelfbsoneldg F{kdns nus cnd bj{`fod Cnf-odmsnm qt` U~usd`kdh{nbb hdxj{cdg'

Tghdmo{s kodnks uelondonel gjel/ ftb xdoeld Xdnud cndud ncdfonusnueld Cnfodmsnm nl{d{ gdtdg`fsd{nfonusnueldg H{tgcofhd fghdyfs xd{cdg ujoo' Dghdou uelohs dngd Outgh rj{/ cnd ueldng-kf{ `ns @f{|( Ftuufhd kd{dngusn``s/ `fg `uud cnd Cnfodmsnm t`usoydg/ t` cdg {fsnj-

gdoodg Md{g ng cd{ `~usnueldg Lood qt dgscdemdg' Xfu adcjel kdn @f{| ng tg`nssdokf{d`Qtuf``dglfgh `ns cd` Y{jkod` cd{ Dgs`~usnbnqnd{tgh Ldhdou tgc cd` Mfynsdo kd{ cnd

6 B{ndc{nel Dghdou/Otcxnh Bdtd{kfel/ U' ;>5= Rho' ftel B{ndc{nel Dghdou/Fgsn-Cl{ngh/ U' 656 b'>; B{ndc{nel Dghdou/Otcxnh Bdtd{kfel/ U' ;89' Cndudu Qtuf``dgbfuudg+ cd{ [dutosfsd mfgg mdngd M{nsnm+

d{udsqdg/ cd{ @f{| cnd Yjonsnueld mjgj`nd tgsd{qjhdg lfs' Cnd `f{|nusnuel-odgngnusnueld Sldj{nd cd{Rd{foohd`dngd{tgh+ kndsds mdngdg xn{moneldg Ftuxdh ftu cndud` Cnod``f' Cnd Uelxnd{nhmdns/ ftu cdgF{kdnsdg rjg Dghdou cnd Us{tmst{ cndudu Rd{foohd`dngd{tghuy{jqduudu ng `honelus {dngd{ Bj{` qt d{bfuudg+ nusqthdusfgcdg kdn1 Mt{s [dny{nel/Cnd ylnojujylnuel-gfst{xnuudguelfbsoneldg F{kdnsdg rjg Mf{o @f{| tgcB{ndc{nel Dghdou/ Kd{ong 6>2>/ U' 45 bb'


17/47

OJHNUEL+ TGC LNUSJ[NUEL+ 68Xd{ssldj{nd hdufhs nus tgc gt{ unggrjoo ftb cndudg Mjgsd|s kdqjhdg xd{cdg mfgg/ >5 xn{c kdnDghdou qt{ Btgmsnjg cd{ Fkknocsldj{nd1 Xn{ bfsdg cnd Kdh{nbbd tgu{du Mjybu xndcd{`fsd{nfonusnuel fou cnd Fkknocd{ cd{ xn{moneldg Cnghd/ usfss cnd xn{moneldg Cnghd fou Fkknocd{cndud{ jcd{ adgd{ Ustbd cdu fkujotsdg Kdh{nbbu ' ' ' Cf`ns fkd{ xt{cd cnd Kdh{nbbucnfodmsnm udokusgt{ cd{ kdxtsd [dbod| cd{ cnfodmsnueldg Kdxdhtgh cd{ xn{moneldg Xdos/ tgc cf`ns xt{cd cndLdhdoueld Cnfodmsnm ftb cdg Mjyb/ jcd{ rndo`dl{ rj` Mjyb/ ftb cd` und usfgc/ xndcd{ ftb cndBd hdusdoos' >3 Lnd{ qdnhs unel dng xdnsd{du @fo/ cf Dghdou gnels `dl{ d{mo{dg mfgg/ xf{t`dnhdgsonel Ldhdo cnd Hduelnelsd ncdfonusnuel rd{cjyydog `tsd' Cndud{ qdgs{fod Y{jkod`m{dnu cd{@f{|ueldg Ldhdom{nsnm kodnks ftuhduyf{s=>4 udngd Usdood mfgg fkd{ ct{el cnd kojd Rj{usdootghdngd{ Fkknoconelmdns qxnueldg [dfonss tgc Ldhdoueld` Kdh{nbb gnels ftuhdboos xd{cdg' CndUyndhdo-@dsfylj{nm cd{ Fkknocsldj{nd qdnhs/ cf kdn Dghdou qxnueldg cd{ [dfonss tgc cd{rd{mdl{sdg Kdh{nbbonelmdns Ldhdou dng sldj{dsnueldu Rfmtt` kdusdls= d{ nus gnels ng cd{ Ofhd/ cndRd{mdl{tgh cd{ Sldj{nd ftu cd{ Udokusqd{{nuudgldns tgc ]cd`P Uneludokusxncd{uy{deldg cndud{xdosoneldg H{tgcofhd qt d{mo{dg'>2 Dkdgujxdgnh nus d{ cfld{ nùsfgcd/ cdg U~usd`kdh{nbb cd{Ldhdoueldg Ylnojujylnd m{nsnuel ftbqtoudg= usfsscduudg utels d{ gfel Fgmgybtghuytgmsdg/ cnddngd fkknocsldj{dsnuel odhnsn`nd{sd Tùsoytgh honel feldg ujoodg1 Xfu Ldhdou Cdgmxdnud

rj{ cd{ food{ fgcd{dg Ylnojujyldg ftuqdnelgdsd/ xf{ cd{ dgj{`d lnusj{nueld Ungg/ cd{ nl{ qth{tgcdofh' Uj fkus{fms tgc ncdfonusnuel cnd Bj{` ]xf{t` cndud Bj{`:P/ uj udl{ hngh cjel n``d{ udngdHdcfgmdgdgsxnemotgh yf{foodo `ns cd{ Dgsxnemotgh cd{ Xdoshduelnelsd/ tgc odsqsd{d ujoo dnhdgs-onel gt{ cnd Y{jkd ftb cnd d{usd{d udng' >8 Cndud dyjeld`feldgcd Ftbbfuutgh cd{ Hduelnelsd/ng cd{ Ojhnueldu tgc Lnusj{nueldu dngd uyndhdoknoconeld Yf{foodod knocdg/ xn{c gtg qt{H{tgcofhd b{ cnd Kdlfgcotgh cd{ mjgj`nueldg Mfsdhj{ndg fou U~usd`'

D{uelxd{tghdg1 Dng K{ndbxdeludo ftu cd` Afl{d 65 Mf{o @f{|/Cfu Mfynsfo/ ng1@DX/ Kc' ;5/ U' ;8'>3 B{ndc{nel Dghdou/Otcxnh Bdtd{kfel/ U' ;>; b' Fkhdudldg rjg food{ fgcd{dg Y{jkod`fsnm/ `ns cd{ und kdofusds nus/

mfgg cnd Fkknocsldj{nd+ hd{fcd cndu gnels odnusdg' Cnd D{mdggsgnu cdu nggd{dg Qtuf``dglfghu+ nus mdngFkknoctghurj{hfgh' Unggrjood{xdnud xn{c `fg kdn @f{| - s{jsq udngd{ hdodhdgsoneldg @dsfylj{nm - gnels rjg dngd{Xncd{uyndhdotgh+ cd{ [df o n s s / ujgcd{g rjg dngd{ Sldj{nd cd{ hdudoouelfbsoneldg D{bfl{tgh uy{deldg mggdg'Xfu cd` d{mdggdgcdg Kdxtsudng hdhdgkd{usdls/ ungc rd{bdusnhsd mjgj`nueld Bj{`dg+/ `ns cdgdg dufooshonel ssnh tgc uy{felonel t`hdls' Xdgg cndud Bj{`dg fou Y{jctmsd cd{ dgsb{d`cdsdg `dgueloneldg F{kdnskdh{nbbdg xd{cdg/ ungc und ng nl{d` hdudoouelfbsoneldg Xdudg d{mfggs'

>4 Ftb cnd kdujgcd{d Y{jkod`fsnm cdu Fgsn-Cl{ngh lfkdg xn{ ueljg rd{xndudg ,Rho' Fg`' 3;.' Cj{s xn{cqt`ngcdus cnd [donhnjg fou Y{jctms cd{ ncddoodg Rd{cjyydotgh hdudoouelfbsoneld{ Rd{losgnuud fghduy{jeldg'B{ndc{nel Dghdou/Fgsn-Cl{ngh/ U' ;>3 b'

>2 Lnghdhdg kdlfgcdos Dghdou nÒtcxnh Bdtd{kfel Ldhdou Kdh{nbbd fou kojd L~yjusfund{tghdg1 Cd{ fkujotsdKdh{nbb nus gnels gt{ rjg Dxnhmdns - tgkdmfggs xj: - rj{lfgcdg/ d{ nus ftel cnd dnhdgsoneld odkdgcnhd Uddod cd{hfgqdg kdusdldgcdg Xdos'+ B{ndc{nel Dghdou/Otcxnh Bdtd{kfel/ U' ;>;'

>8 B{ndc{nel Dghdou/[dqdgunjg/ U' 385'


18/47

6 Cd{Qtuf``dglfgh cd{ d{usdg c{dn Keld{ ujoo fouj jkxjlo cfu H{tgcdnhdgst` lngsd{ cfu Mfynsfoqt usdldg mj``s qthodnel cnfodmsnuel tgc lnusj{nuel udng' @f{| bl{s

>> Mf{o @f{|/ K{ndb fg Dghdou rj` ;'3'6


19/47

OJHNUEL+ TGC LNUSJ[NUEL+ 6>

cfu Ktel kd{ cfu Mfynsfo hdgftd{ ftu tgc kdsjgs/ cf d{ cfu Rd{losgnu rjg 6. Xd{s/ ;. Hdoc tgc5. Mfynsfo ftu cd{ Fgfo~ud cd{ dngbfeldg Qn{mtofsnjg fkodnsdg xnoo/ cnd d{ fou Jkd{boeld cd{k{hd{oneldg Hdudoouelfbs ]kds{felsdsP/ xj{ng cnd sndbd{g Jyd{fsnjgdg/ ftu cdgdg und ld{rj{hdls/

ftuhdouels ungc ' ' ' 699 Cjel ftel lnd{ ueldngs du unel gjel gnels t` dngd {dng bj{`hdgdsnueldCf{usdootgh qt lfgcdog/ cdgg d{ kdqdnelgds ftel nggd{lfok cndudu d{usdg Kteldu cdg kd{hfghrj` Hdoc ng cfu Mfynsfo fou qthodnel ojhnuel tgc lnusj{nuel1 N` Hdoc xnd cnd Dgsxnemotghudngd{ Kdusn``tghdg qdnhs cnd Bj{cd{tgh hdudsqs cdu ng cnd Qn{mtofsnjg dnghdldgcdg tgc ng nl{unel d{lfosdgcdg/ qthodnel und udokus udsqdgcdg Xd{su Mfynsfo' Cndud{ kd{hfgh qthodnellnusj{nuel' Cnd fgsdcnotrnfgnueld Bj{` cdu Mfynsfou nus cfu Lfgcdoumfynsfo/ cfu dgsxnemdos n``d{Hdoc' Qthodnel Dgsusdltgh cdu xn{moneldg Mfynsfou ftu cd` Hdoc jcd{ mftb`ggnueldg Mfynsfo/cfu unel cd{ Y{jctmsnjg kd`elsnhs' 696

F` >'3'689/U' ;8>'

695 Rho' B{ndc{nel Dghdou/ K{ndb fg @f{| rj` 62'2'6'


20/47

;9 LDNGQ-CNDSD[ MNSSUSDNGD[

udguelfbsonel {nelsnhd @dsljcd cd{ Yjonsnueldg mjgj`nd' Cf{fg uelonds unel tg`nssdokf{dngd M{nsnm fg Ldhdo fg1 Ldhdo hd{nds cfld{ ftb cnd Nootunjg/ cfu [dfod fou [dutosfs cdu unelng unel qtuf``dgbfuudgcdg/ ng unel rd{sndbdgcdg/ tgc ftu unel udokus unel kdxdhdgcdgCdgmdgu qt bfuudg/ xl{dgc cnd @dsljcd rj` Fkus{fmsdg qt` Mjgm{dsdg ftbqtusdnhdg/ gt{

cnd F{s b{ cfu Cdgmdg nus/ unel cfu Mjgm{dsd fgqtdnhgdg/ du fou dng hdnusnh Mjgm{dsdu qt {d-y{jctqnd{dg' Mdngduxdhu fkd{ cd{ Dgsusdltghuy{jqd cdu Mjgm{dsdg udokus' 693 Xn{ xjoodgudldg/ jk cndud{ uelxnd{nhd Yfuutu dngd hdxnuud S{fguyf{dgq hdxnggs/ xdgg `fg nlg rj{cd` Lngsd{h{tgc cd{ Ldhdo-M{nsnm ng cd{ Dgsxnemotgh cd{ Xd{sbj{`dg ondus'

D{ kdufhs cfgg/ cf cfu [dfod ng udngd` nggd{dg Qtuf``dglfgh ,c'l' ng udngd{ Xn{monel-mdns. gnels ct{el dng `~usnueldu Utkadms/ ujgcd{g ct{el dngd kdusn``sd F{s cd{ Rd{ftuhf-ktgh hdudoouelfbsoneld{ F{kdns mjgusnstnd{s nus' Y{jctqnd{dg tgc D{mdggdg ungc gnelsncdgsnuel/ ujgcd{g cd` Cdgmdg nus cfu Utkadms cd{ D{mdggsgnu lnd{ cnd `jcd{gd k{hd{-oneld Hdudoouelfbs 694 - fou dng Y{jctms rj{hghnh rd{ftuhfksd{ fkus{fms-foohd`dngd{`dgueloneld{ F{kdns rj{hdhdkdg' Cndud mjgm{dsd Sjsfonss {dy{jctqnd{s cfu Cdgmdg fouHdcfgmdgsjsfonss/ xdgg du nl` hdonghs/ und fou Jkadmsnrfsnjg dgsb{d`cdsd{ `dgueloneld{F{kdns qt kdh{dnbdg' Cd{ Rj{xt{b fg Ldhdo oftsds cfgg ftel gnels/ d{ lfkd cnd hdnusnhd [d-

y{jctmsnjg cdu Mjgm{dsdg `ns cduudg d`yn{nuel-lnusj{nueld` Dgsusdltghuy{jqd ct{eldng-fgcd{hdk{fels/ 692 ujgcd{g `dngs/ cf Ldhdo fg adgd Nootunjg hd{fsdg `tsd/ xdno d{ cfuxn{moneld mjgusnstnd{dgcd Y{ngqny cdu nggd{dg Qtuf``dglfghu cd{ [dfonss gnels d{mfggs/ujgcd{g du gt{ qt dngd{ uydmtofsnr-sdodjojhnueldg Rd{cjyydotgh cd{ ,nl` gfs{onel dkdgbfooud`yn{nuel rj{hdhdkdgdg. Hdhdgusgconelmdns fou dngd{ Kdusn``tgh cd{ Ncdd hdk{fels lfkd'Cndud Outgh/ cd{dg Mjgudvtdgq cd{ Rd{xdnu ftb cnd bj{`hdgdsnueld Cf{usdootgh x{d/ cndudokus dng kdusn``sdu Rd{losgnu cdu Ojhnueldg qt` Lnusj{nueldg qt` Nglfos lfs/ nus lnd{qxf{ ueljg n`yonqns fghdcdtsds/ fkd{ gjel gnels ftuhdbl{s tgc cf{ng kdusdls cndUelxnd{nhmdns cd{ hduf`sdg Dngodnstgh' Xn{ lfkdg du gnels `ns dngd` bd{snhdg [dutosfs qt stg/ujgcd{g kdjkfelsdg @f{|/ xnd d{ dngdg Uel{nss ftb cndud Outgh qthdls'

Cf Ldhdo fouj kd{ mdng mjgusnstnd{dgcdu Y{ngqny rd{bhs/ cfu rjg cd{ Rd{gtgbs tgsd{uelnd-cdg x{d/ boos nl` cd{ Fms cdu D{mdggdgu `ns cd{ dngqnh `honeldg Mjgusnstsnjg rjg Xdosqtuf``dg' 698 Cnd Rd{gtgbs ng cd{ Bj{` cdu kdh{dnbdgcdg D{mdggdgu dgscdems unel udokusfou cdgNglfostgc cfu utkusfgqndood Xdudg cd{ unssoneldg xnd cd{ gfs{oneldg Xn{monelmdns'69< Cnd Kdxdhtgh cd{ Mfsdhj{ndg xn{c cfld{ qthodnel qt` Y{jctmsnjgufms gnels cd{d`yn{nueldg Hdhdgusgconelmdns ujgcd{g nl{du fou rd{ggbsnh mjgus{tnd{sdg nggd{dgQtuf``dglfghu' Ftu cndud{ Ftbbfuutgh bjohs dngd `dsljcnueld Mjgudvtdgq/ cnd xn{ lnd{ gt{us{dnbdg/ xdno xn{ n` Qtuf``dglfgh `ns Dghdou gjel`fou ftb cndudg Ytgms qt{emmj``dg`uudg1 xdno cnd Rd{gtgbs cdg nggd{dg Qtuf``dglfgh cd{ kdh{nbbdgdg Xdos knocds/ hdlsund kdn cndud` Fms cdu Kdh{dnbdgu rjg unel udokus ftu' Nus fkd{ cnd ylnojujylnueld Ncddxdudgsonel

693 Mf{o @f{|/ H{tgc{nuud/ U' ;;'

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Cdgmdg cd{ xn{moneld @dguel tgc cfld{ cnd kdh{nbbgd Xdos fou ujoeld d{us cfu Xn{moneld nus/ - d{ueldngs cfld{cnd Kdxdhtgh cd{ Mfsdhj{ndg fou cd{ xn{moneld Y{jctmsnjgufms ' ' '+ Mf{o @f{|/ H{tgc{nuud/ U' ;;'

69


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OJHNUEL+ TGC LNUSJ[NUEL+ ;6

Dgsxnemotgh cdu Mjgm{dsdg/ 69> uj nus du ftel cfu Xdudg cd{ Xn{monelmdns/ rj` Fkus{fmsdgqt` Mjgm{dsdg ftbqtusdnhdg' Cndudu Ftbusdnhdg bfs Ldhdo cfld{ qthodnel fou ojhnueldg tgclnusj{nueldg Y{jqd1 Cfu Fgbghoneld nus cfu Fkus{fmsdusd/ xdno du cfu Fgbghoneld nus/ unel

gjel gnels bj{skdxdhs lfs= cnd odsqsd Hdusfos/ cnd ftu cndud{ Bj{skdxdhtgh fou dngd`bj{shdldgcdg Kdusn``dg ld{rj{hdls/ nus cnd mjgm{dsdusd' 669 @f{|( Y{jkod` oftsds cd`gfel1xdgg cnd Mjgusnstsnjg cd{ mjgm{dsdg Sjsfonss ct{el F{kdns qt tgsd{ueldncdg nus rjg nl{d{hdnusnhdg [dy{jctmsnjg fou Hdcfgmdgsjsfonss/ hnos cfgg gjel cnd b{ Ldhdo fgueldngdgcudokusrd{usgconeld Dngldns cdu Ojhnueldg tgc Lnusj{nueldg/ c'l' nus cnd dngbfelusd Mfsd-hj{nd cd{ yjonsnueldg mjgj`nd/ `ns cd{ cnd Cf{usdootgh cd{ hdxj{cdgdg Bj{`dg cd{ k{hd{-oneldg Hdudoouelfbs qt kdhnggdg lfs/ qthodnel cnd d{usd lnusj{nueld Mfsdhj{nd/ `ns cd{ cnd dng-bfelusd Ustbd cd{ Dgsusdltghuhduelnelsd cndud{ Hdudoouelfbs ftuhdc{ems xd{cdg mfgg:

@f{| tgsd{utels cndud B{fhd uneld{onel gnels qtboonh fg dngd` Ytgms/ fg cd` Ldhdo hd-hdg cnd kdn nl` ujgus ct{elhghnhd Dngldns cdu Ojhnueldg tgc Lnusj{nueldg udokus dngdgDngxfgc d{ldks' Du lfgcdos unel t` cdg Qtufsq qt` 5; cd{ [delsuylnojujylnd/ cduudgBj{`tond{tgh @f{| bfus x{sonel ftbgn``s' Cnd d{usd jkadmsnrd Mfsdhj{nd cd{ k{hd{oneldgHdudoouelfbs nus cd{ Kdunsq/ cnd dngbfelusd {delsoneld Kdqndltgh cdu Utkadmsu' Ldhdo kd-`d{ms cfqt1 Uj mfgg `fg q'K' gnels ufhdg/ cf cfu Dnhdgst` rj{ cd{ Bf`nond cfhdxdudg udn/tgc s{jsqcd` xn{c du rj{ cd{udokdg fkhdlfgcdos' 666 D{ tgsd{utels fkd{ gnels/ xf{t` cfu ujnus/ rj{ food` fkd{ gnels/ xf{t` unel nl` cndudu Y{jkod` hd{fcd ng cd{ [delsuylnojujylndusdoos/ ujgcd{g kdhghs unel `ns cd{ Bdususdootgh/ cf du unel kdn cd{ kdh{nbboneldg Cf{usdootghbhdg mfgg/ cf cnd J{cgtgh cd{ Qdns ng cd{ xn{moneldg D{ueldngtgh qt` Sdno fgcd{u nus foucnd J{cgtgh cdu Kdh{nbbu' 66; Ftel @f{| h{dnbs cndudg Dngxfgc gjel gnels dgsuelndcdg ftb/ujgcd{g kd`ls unel rndo`dl{/ nlg `ns cd{ Dngldns cdu Ojhnueldg tgc Lnusj{nueldg ngDngmofgh qt k{nghdg' 665

Ldool{nh b{ cfu kdn Ldhdo fghdodhsd Y{jkod` xn{c d{ d{us/ fou d{ unel fglfgc cd{ Mfsdhj{ndF{kdns ufgu yl{fud rd{cdtsonels/ cf cd{dg Kdusn``tgh/ kqx' Kdusn``tghuojunhmdns dngY{jctms cd{ k{hd{oneldg Hdudoouelfbs nus/ und fouj mdngduxdhu adgd foohd`dnghosnhd/ dngbfeldMfsdhj{nd cf{usdoos/ fou cnd und qtgelus d{ueldngs' Cnd {dnelst`ud{qdthdgcd Ssnhmdns

uelodelslng/ cd{dg rd{jkadmsnrnd{sd Bj{`dg cfu Kdh{dnbdg cd{ k{hd{oneldg Hdudoouelfbs qtdgsqnbbd{g lfs/ nus gnels tg`nssdokf{ ncdgsnuel `ns lnusj{nuel rj{hghnhdg Xdnudg/ ng cdgdgF{kdns kd{lftys rd{ftuhfks xt{cd' Cnd dngbfelusd Fkus{fmsnjg fouj/ xdoeld cnd `jcd{gd

69> Cd{u'/ Rj{odutghdg kd{ cnd Hduelnelsd cd{ Ylnojujylnd/ f'f'J'/ Kc' 6


22/47

;; LDNGQ-CNDSD[ MNSSUSDNGD[

mjgj`nd fg cnd Uynsqd usdoos/ tgc cnd dngd t{fosd tgc b{ food Hdudoouelfbsubj{`dg hosnhdKdqndltgh ftuc{ems/ d{ueldngs cjel gt{ ng cndud{ Fkus{fmsnjg y{fmsnuel xfl{ fou Mfsdhj{ndcd{ `jcd{gusdg Hdudoouelfbs' 663

@ns cndud{ Dngunels nus dng Xdgcdytgms ng cd{ Dngodnstgh d{{dnels' Cfu Dngbfeld n` hdxj{-cdgdg Rd{losgnu nus gnels ncdgsnuel `ns cd` lnusj{nuel Dngbfeldg= du hnks cfld{ ftel mdngdtg`nssdokf{d Dngldns cdu Ojhnueldg tgc Lnusj{nueldg' @f{| kfts cndud Xdgcd `dsljcj-ojhnuel ftu' Dng U~usd` n` us{dghdg Ungg mfgg n``d{ gt{ cnd Dgsxnemotgh cd{ hdxj{cdgdgBj{`dg ftu dngd` mjgusnstnd{dgcdg Y{ngqny udng= gnd`fou fkd{ cnd Hduelnelsd cdu Xd{cdgucndudu U~usd`u1 Cnd ujhdgfggsd lnusj{nueld Dgsxnemotgh kd{tls kd{lftys cf{ftb/ cf cnd odsqsdBj{` cnd rd{hfghgdg fou Ustbdg qt unel udokus kds{felsds/ tgc/ cf und udosdg/ tgc gt{ tgsd{ hfgqkdusn``sdg Kdcnghtghdg blnh nus/ unel udokus qt m{nsnund{dg ' ' ' / und n``d{ dngudnsnh ftbbfs'664 Kdqndls `fg cndud Ftuufhd ftb Ldhdou F{sdg cd{ Hduelnelsuuel{dnktgh/ uj qdnhs unel/ cf@f{| gnels ftb cnd koj {dbodmsnd{dgcd Hduelnelsd qt{emhdhfghdg nus/ ujgcd{g cf d{rd{utels/ cdg {fsnjgfodg Md{g cd{ ylnojujylnueldg Hduelnelsd qt kdusn``dg' 662 Cnd xfl{lfbsfoohd`dngdg Hdunelsuytgmsd/ cdgdg mdngd Dngudnsnhmdns `dl{ fglfbsds/ ondbd{s fkd{ gnels cd{Hdnus/ cd{ dxnh kdn unel udokus nus/ 668 ujgcd{g cnd k{hd{oneld Hdudoouelfbs d{mdggs unel udokus

tgc nl{d Hduelnelsd ng nl{dg dnhdgdg ftbk{deldgcdg Xncd{uy{eldg1 Uj mf` k{hd{oneldmjgj`nd d{us qt` Rd{usgcgnu cd{ bdtcfodg/ fgsnmdg/ J{ndgsfodg/ ujkfoc cnd Udokusm{nsnm cd{k{hd{oneldg Hdudoouelfbs kdhjggdg' 66< Udokusm{nsnmcd{ k{hd{oneldg Hdudoouelfbs ldns fkd{ b{@f{|1 M{nsnm cd{ dngfgcd{ xncd{uy{deldgcdg bn|dg mjgj`nueldg Mfsdhj{ndg ng cd{ [embl{tghftb nl{d udokus xncd{uy{eloneld hdudoouelfbsoneld Dngldns' 66> Ngujbd{g mj``s @f{| lnd{ n`yonqnsftb cnd qtgelus kd{hfghdgd [jood cd{ M{nsnm kdn cd{ [dy{jctmsnjg cdu Mjgm{dsdg ftb cd`Xdhd cdu Cdgmdgu qt{em'

Cf`ns nus qxf{ dngd tg`nssdokf{d Dngldns cdu Ojhnueldg tgc Lnusj{nueldg ftbhdhdkdg=hodnelxjlo kodnkdg kdncd Mfsdhj{ndg ng dngd` u~usd`fsnueldg Qtuf``dglfgh/ drjotsnjgu-sldj{dsnuel bj{`tond{s1 Ng cd{ Fgfsj`nd cdu @dgueldg nus dng Uelouudo qt{ Fgfsj`nd cduFbbdg' Cnd Fgcdtstghdg ftb Ll{du ng cdg tgsd{hdj{cgds{dg Snd{f{sdg mggdg cfhdhdg gt{rd{usfgcdg xd{cdg/ xdgg cfu Lld{d udokus ueljg kdmfggs nus' 6;9 Cfu [dutosfs cndud{ kd{od-

htghdg nus kdmfggs' Du nus @f{|( Qndo/ cnd Mfsdhj{ndg qt dgsxnemdog/ cnd cnd ngg{d Hondcd{tghcd{ k{hd{oneldg Hdudoouelfbs ftu`feldg tgc xj{ftb cnd btgcf`dgsfodg Mofuudg kd{tlg'Mfynsfo/ Ojlgf{kdns/ H{tgcdnhdgst`' 6;6 Cfkdn nus gnels lnusj{nuel rj{qthdldg/ dsxf cf cfuH{tgcdnhdgst` tgc cnd ftb nl` kfund{dgcd H{tgc{dgsd fou osd{d [drdgtdbj{` rj{ cd`

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Hdj{h Xnoldo` B{ndc{nel Ldhdo/Cnd Rd{gtgbs ng cd{ Hduelnelsd/ l{uh' rjg Ajlfggdu Ljbb`dnusd{/Lf`kt{h/ 4' Ftbo'/ 6>44/ U' ;;'Mf{o @f{|/ H{tgc{nuud/ U' ;2'Gt{ cfct{el/ cf `fg fg cnd Usdood cd{ ejgbonesngh cjh`fu cnd ejgbonesngh bfesu tgc cnd {dfodg

Hdhdgusqd usdoos/ cnd nl{dg rd{kj{hgdg Lngsd{h{tgc knocdg/ mfgg `fg cnd yjonsnueld mjgj`nd ng dngd yjunsnrd Xnuudguelfbs rd{xfgcdog'+ @f{| fg Dghdou/ K{ndb rj` 69'69'6


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Mfynsfo qt kdlfgcdog x{d' Cfu nus tgstkf{ tgc bfouel/ c'l' du nus `dsljcnuel tg`honel' Cfuhdhdgx{snhd Rd{losgnu mfgg gnels ftu udngd{ Hduelnelsd rd{usfgcdg xd{cdg/ udl{ xjlo fkd{cnd Hduelnelsd ftu cd` kdh{nbbdgdg hdhdgx{snhdg Rd{losgnu1 Cnd H{tgc{dgsd mfgg gnels

rd{usfgcdg xd{cdg jlgd cfu Mfynsfo' Cfu Mfynsfo fkd{ xjlo jlgd cnd H{tgc{dgsd' Cfu Mfynsfo nuscnd foodu kdld{{ueldgcd mjgj`nueld @fels cd{ k{hd{oneldg Hdudoouelfbs' Du `tFtuhfghuytgms/ xnd Dgcytgms knocdg tgc rj{ cd` H{tgcdnhdgst` dgsxnemdos xd{cdg' 6;;

Mfynsfo H{tgcdnhdgst` Ojlgf{kdns1 ojhnuel tgc lnusj{nuel

@f{| kduelonds cnd Dngodnstgh `ns cd{ Fgmgcnhtgh/ cnd nggd{d Hondcd{tgh cd{ k{hd{on-eldg Hdudoouelfbs ng cdg c{dn btgcf`dgsfodg Mofuudg dgsxnemdog qt xjoodg= cndu cf{b fkd{gnels uj rd{usfgcdg xd{cdg/ fou uelofhd d{ rjg cdg [dutosfsdg cd{ Dngodnstgh ftuhdldgc/ujhodnel cdg Xdh cd{ bj{`hdgdsnueldg Dgsxnemotgh dng/ xnd und n` Mfynsfo rj{ondhs' Rndo-`dl{ lfs [j`fg [jucjoum~ qt [dels cf{ftb rd{xndudg/ cf n` [fl`dg cdu d{usdg Ftbkft-yofgdu rjg cd` @f{| ng adgd` K{ndb rj` ;'3'6


24/47


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6;4 F'f'J'/ U' 6'6;2 Dkc'6;8 Cnd Kdcnghtghdg tgc Rj{ftuudsqtghdg cdu Xd{cdgu/ cdu Dgsusdlgu cdu Mfynsfou tgsd{usdoodg dkdg/ cf du gjel

gnels nus/ ujgcd{g d{us xn{c= und rd{uelxngcdg fouj `ns cd` xn{moneldg Mfynsfo/ `ns cd` Mfynsfo/ cfu udokus/ rjgudngd{ Xn{monelmdns ftuhdldgc/ cnd Kdcnghtghdg udngd{ Rd{xn{moneltgh udsqs'+ Mf{o @f{|/ H{tgc{nuud/ U' 525'

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25/47


@ns cd{ hodneldg Fkbjohd cd{ Mfsdhj{ndg ujoo fkd{ ftel cnd lnusj{nueld Hdgdunu cdu U~usd`u qtkdqdnelgdg udng' Ngcd` cfu Mfynsfo ng udngd{ fgsdcnotrnfgnueldg Bj{` fou Lfgcdoumfynsfo ftb cndosd{d Bj{` cd{ H{tgc{dgsd dngxn{ms/ c'l' ngcd` du cnd Fh{nmtost{ udngd{ Rd{xd{stghukdxdhtgh

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Du nus gnels tgud{d Ftbhfkd qt d{{sd{g/ xf{t` @f{| cndudg Ftbkftyofg fkhdgcd{s lfs'H{tgcodhdgc cfb{ ueldngs qt udng xfu [jucjoum~ tgc Kfcd{ t'f' gnels ng hdghdgcd{ Uel{bdld{ftuhdf{kdnsds lfkdg / cf @f{| qxf{ ng cdg H{tgc{nuudg n` Hondcd{tghuy{ngqny cduMfynsfou n` Foohd`dngdg tgc cd{ Mjgmt{{dgq kd{ dngdg ftu cd{ M{nsnm cd{ LdhdoueldgYlnojujylnd ld{{l{dgcdg Odnsbfcdg qt{ Kdlfgcotgh cd{ mjgj`nueldg Mfsdhj{ndg rd{bhs ,Rho'q'K' Fg`' 24./ cf fkd{ cnd xn{moneldg Rd{`nssotghuhondcd{ cndudu Qtuf``dglfghu n` dngqdogdggjel gnels d{bj{uels ungc' 65; Jkxjlo unel @f{| kd{dnsu cf{kd{ n` mof{dg nus/ cf mdngdMfsdhj{nd cd{ k{hd{oneldg mjgj`nd/ gnels cnd d{usd/ q'K' cnd Kdusn``tgh cdu Xd{su jlgd cndRd{`nssotgh ct{el cnd Mjgmt{{dgq hdcfels xd{cdg mfgg/ 65; f nus cfu bj{`hdgdsnueld Ftbusdnhdgrj` Fkus{fmsdg qt` Mjgm{dsdg gjel gnels ftuhdf{kdnsds' Ng cndud Rd{gcd{tghdg ungc ftel cndhdyofgsdg Keld{ rj` H{tgcdnhdgst` tgc rjg cd{ Ojlgf{kdns dngkdqjhdg tgc cfld{ nus ftelcfu Rd{losgnu cdu Ojhnueldg tgc Lnusj{nueldg/ uj xnd d{ du ng cd` K{ndb fg Dghdou cf{hdusdooslfssd/ tg`nssdokf{ kds{jbbdg' D{us nggd{lfok cd{ uysd{dg Dgsxnemotgh cd{ @nssdohondcd{/ ct{el cndlngct{el cfu Xd{shdudsq unel ct{eludsqs/ kdmj``dg ujxjlo cfu Lfgcdoumfynsfo fou ftel cfuH{tgcdnhdgst dngd gdtd u~usd`fsnueld Usdootgh/ rjg cd{ ftu cfgg cd{ [emkdqth ftb nl{d

adxdnonhdg rj{mfynsfonusnueldg Bj{`dg fklghnh nus' 655

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656 Mf{o @f{|' H{tgc{nuud/ U' 6 ,6 > 8 2. / G{' 3' ngukdu' U' 693 tgcU' 69>'

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655 Cnd Xnuudguelfbs kdusdls dkdg cf{ng/ qt dgsxnemdog/ xnd cfu Xd{shdudsq unel ct{eludsqs'+ Mf{o@f{|/ K{ndb fg Mthdo`fgg rj` 66'8'6


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`dg/ cf @f{| gjel mdngd xn{moneld Fkodnstgh cdu Hdocdu odnusds/ qxf{ cdg nggd{dg Qtuf`-`dglfgh rjg Xf{d tgc Hdoc ftbqdnhs/ cfu Hdoc fou mjgj`nueld Bj{` adcjel gjel rj{ftu-udsqs' 653 D{ fgfo~und{s cnd dngbfeld Xf{dgqn{mtofsnjg fou cnd d{ueldngdgcd Jkd{boeld cd{

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Dghdou fg @f{|( Ftuufhdg kd{ dngdg Ftbkftyofg tgc cnd `ns nl` hdhdkdgd dghd Rd{uel{g-mtgh cdu Ojhnueldg tgc Lnusj{nueldg/ cd{ qxf{ bj{`fo ftel gjel cd{ M{nsnm rj{fghd-usdoos nus/ 65> rjg cd` unel @f{| fkd{ hd{fcd xfu cfu Rd{losgnu cdu Ojhnueldg qt` Lnusj-

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Xn{ lfssdg hdudldg/ cf b{ Dghdou dngd u~usd`fsnueld Kdlfgcotgh cd{ Xnuudguelfbs kd{dnsu cfgghdhdkdg nus/ xdgg nl{d [dutosfsd rd{`nssdou dngd{ fkknocsldj{dsnuel t`hdusoysdg Cnfodmsnmj{hfgnund{s xd{cdg' Cndud Ftbbfuutgh cd{ Kdlfgcotgh cd{ Xnuudguelfbs n` Foohd`dngdg knocds gtgftel cdg [fl`dg b{ udngd Dnguelsqtgh cdu xnuudguelfbsoneldg Elf{fmsd{u cd{ M{nsnm cd{Yjonsnueldg mjgj`nd n` Kdujgcd{dg' Und nus u~usd`fsnueld Xnuudguelfbs/ dngdqtuf``dgbfuudgcd Dgsxnemotgh cd{ Hdudsqd cd{ k{hd{oneldg Y{jctmsnjg tgc cdu k{hd{oneldgFtusftuelu/ 639 xdno nl{ cnd foodng {nelsnhd Bj{` cd{ Hdcfgmdgdgsxnemotgh/ dkdg cndt`hdusoysd cnfodmsnueld @dsljcd qth{tgcd ondhs' 636 Cfkdn `t ftbbfoodg/ cf Dghdou cndBtgmsnjg cndud{ @dsljcd b{ cdg nggd{dg Ftbkft cd{ M{nsnm gnels kdusn``dg mfgg= hodnel cfud{usd Y{jkod`/ ftb cfu d{ kdn` gld{dg Dnghdldg uss/ ujoo tgfklghnh rjg nl{ qt oudg hdxdudgudng1 Cnd M{nsnm cd{ mjgj`nd/ udokus gfel hdxjggdgd{ @dsljcd/ mjggsd gjel ftb qxdnd{odnXdnud fghdodhs xd{cdg1 lnusj{nuel jcd{ ojhnuel ]Ld{rj{ldktgh rjg n{P' Cf ng cd{ Hduelnelsd/xnd ng nl{d{ onsd{f{nueldg Fkuyndhdotgh/ cnd Dgsxnemotgh n` hfgqdg tgc h{jdg ftel rjg cdgdngbfelusdg qt cdg mj`yonqnd{sd{dg Rd{losgnuudg bj{shdls/ uj hfk cnd onsd{f{hduelnelsoneldDgsxnemotgh cd{ yjonsnueldg mjgj`nd dngdg gfs{oneldg Odnsbfcdg/ fg cdg cnd M{nsnm fgmgybdgmjggsd/ tgc n` hfgqdg tgc h{jdg x{cdg cnd mjgj`nueldg Mfsdhj{ndg cfkdn ng cd{udokdg[dnldgbjohd d{ueldngdg/ xnd ng cd{ ojhnueldg Dgsxnemotgh' 63;

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[fsnjgdood+ fg cd{ Ldhdoueldg Ojhnm ld{ftuqtf{kdnsdg' Dghdou ueldngs cndu n``d{ uj rd{usfgcdg qt lfkdg/ fouxjood @f{| foohd`dngd cnfodmsnueld Hdudsq`nhmdnsdg dgsxnemdog' Du x{d food{cnghu qt kdcdgmdg/ cf cd{ K{ndbftu cd{ Qdns cd{ H{tgc{nuud+ usf``s/ ng cdgdg @f{| cnd bj{`hdgdsnueld Dgsxnemotgh cdu Hdocdu gjel gnelshdodnusds lfssd/ jk d{ udokus gjel dngd fgcd{d Rj{usdootgh rjg dngd{ Ldhdom{nsnm rd{bjohsd' Rd{bdlos d{ueldngs du `n{ngcdu/ tgsd{ Lngxdnu ftb cndudg K{ndb rjg dngd{ qxdnsdg Ldhdo{dqdysnjg+ kdn @f{| qt uy{deldg' Ldhdo nus n`hduf`sdg Y{jqd cd{ M{nsnm cd{ mjgj`nueldg Mfsdhj{ndg y{udgs' Mf{o @f{|/ K{ndb fg Dghdou rj` 63'6'6


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29/47

'OJHNUEL+ TGC LNUSJ[NUEL+ ;>

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@f{|ueldg tgrd{dngkf{1 cnd Mfsdhj{ndg cd{ k{hd{oneldg mjgj`nd hdldg mdngduxdhu rj`Dngbfeldg qt` Mj`yonqnd{sd{dg bj{s/ ujgcd{g cfu Ld{ftuf{kdnsdg cd{ dngbfelusdg Fkus{fmsf nus d{us[dutosfs dngdu oghd{dg fgfo~snueldg Usfcnt`u cd{ mjgj`nueldg Xnuudguelfbs' 638 Cfu fgcndud` Dgsxnemotghuytgms `honeld qtuf``dgbfuudgcd Ftbusdnhdg rj` Fkus{fmsdg qt`Mjgm{dsdg/ c'l' rj` Dngbfeldg qt` Mj`yonqnd{sdg/ kds{nbbs cfgg gnels `dl{ cnd onsd{f{lnusj{nueldDgsxnemotgh cd{ Mfsdhj{ndg udokus/ ujgcd{g nl{d u~usd`fsnueld Cf{usdootgh' Ojhnueld tgc,onsd{f{.lnusj{nueld Fkbjohd knocdg mdngd Dngldns' Ftel gnels n` hfgqdg tgc h{jdg' Du nusrndo`dl{ qt b{fhdg/ xnd Dghdou ftb cndud Rj{usdootgh mj``dg mjggsd'

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kdld{{uels' Xj fkd{ ftb cd{ Jkd{boeld cd{ Qtbfoo udng Uyndo s{dnks/ cf xn{c d{ usdsu ct{el ngg{d rd{kj{hgdHdudsqd kdld{{uels/ tgc du mj``s gt{ cf{ftb fg/ cndud Hdudsqd qt dgscdemdg'+ B{ndc{nel Dghdou/OtcxnhBdtd{kfel/ U' ;>8' - Lnghdhdg kdsjgs du @f{| fou Ftbhfkd cd{ Xnuudguelfbs qt tgsd{uteldg/ ng xdoeldg

Bj{`dg cndud Hdudsqd unel ct{eludsqdg' Rho' cfqt Fg`' 655'64; Kdujgcd{u fg`tsnh sts cndu Moftu Ljoqmf`y' Gfelcd` d{ cnd Hduelnelsd rjg cdg us{dgcdg Hdhd-kdgldnsuqtboodg+ kdb{dns lfs/ uel{dnsds d{ qt cdg xfl{lfbsdg Dgsxnemotghugjsxdgcnhmdnsdg+/ gnels jlgd cdgOdud{ qt kdodl{dg/ d{ lfkd cf{tgsd{ mdngd mftufo-`delfgnueld lnusj{nueld Dgsxnemotghuqxfghuotbnhmdns+ qtrd{usdldg/ ujgcd{g Gjs-xdgcnh+ n` @f{|ueldg Unggd udn cfu/ xfu hdsfg xd{cdg `t/ t` cndhdudoouelfbsoneld /Gjs( qt /xdgcdg(+ Moftu Ljoqmf`y/ Cnd lnusj{nueld @dsljcd cdu xnuudguelfbsoneldgUjqnfonu`tu tgc nl{d Rd{mdggtgh ct{el A' Knueljbb/ ng1Cfu F{ht`dgs/ G{'


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sdg ftbusdnhdg' Dghdou( Uy{felhdk{ftel rd{xdnus ftb dng Fgmgybdg fg Ldhdou Hduelnelsd cd{Ylnojujylnd' Ng cd{ Sfs nus lnd{ ct{el cdg ncdgsnueldg Hdhdgusfgcukd{dnel cd{ Ylnojujylnd dngdDngldns hdhdkdg1 n` Rd{losgnu cdu Kdh{nbbu cd{ Ylnojujylnd qt udngd{ Hduelnelsd nus cfu

Ojhnueld tg`nssdokf{ cfu xdudgsonel Lnusj{nueld1 @fg mfgg `dngdg/ cf cnd Ylnojujylnd ngcdg Ustbdg cd{ Ncdd dngd fgcd{d J{cgtgh lfkdg uud/ fou cnd J{cgtgh/ ng xdoeld{ ng cd{ Qdnscndud Kdh{nbbd ld{rj{hdhfghdg ungc' N` hfgqdg nus cnd J{cgtgh cndudokd' 645 Xn{ lfssdg cndudgQtuf``dglfgh ueljg kdn cd{ Kdlfgcotgh cd{ @f{|ueldg Dngodnstgh+ qt cdg H{tgc{nuudgkd{l{s= udngd sldj{dsnueldg N`yonmfsnjgdg bl{dg qt{em qt cd` cj{s kd{dnsu d{xlgsdg 5; cd{[delsuylnojujylnd/ ng cd` Ldhdo udokus fg dngdg Ytgms mj``s/ fg cd` d{ cnd ujgusct{elhghnhd Dngldns cdu Ojhnueldg tgc Lnusj{nueldg y{jkod`fsnund{s'

Gt{ ngujbd{g b{ Ldhdo Ylnojujylnd D{mdggsgnu cd{ Xfl{ldns fou Dgsxnemotgh cdu Mjgm{dsdg nus/mfgg d{ rjg nl{ ufhdg/ cf cnd ojhnueld Dgsbfostgh nl{du Kdh{nbbu `ns cdg xdudgsoneldg Ustbdgnl{d{ Hduelnelsd kd{dngusn``s1 kdncd usdnhdg rj` dngbfeldg Udng qt` ng unel kdusn``sdgKdh{nbb ftb' Cndud Ftbbfuutgh udsqs fkd{ hfgq foohd`dng rj{ftu/ cf cnd Hduelnelsd rj`Kdh{nbb nl{du adxdnonhdg Hdhdgusfgcdu fklghnh nus1 Gfel cndud{ Ncdd kdlftysd nel gtg/ cf cndFtbdngfgcd{bjohd cd{ U~usd`d cd{ Ylnojujylnd ng cd{ Hduelnelsd cndudokd nus fou cnd

Ftbdngfgcd{bjohd ng cd{ ojhnueldg Fkodnstgh cd{ Kdh{nbbukdusn``tghdg cd{ Ncdd' Nel kdlftysd/cf/ xdgg `fg cnd H{tgckdh{nbbd cd{ ng cd{ Hduelnelsd cd{ Ylnojujylnd d{uelndgdgdg U~usd`d{dng cduudg dgsmodncds/ xfu nl{d td{oneld Hdusfostgh/ nl{d Fgxdgctgh ftb cfu Kdujgcd{d tgccd{hodneldg kds{nbbs/ uj d{los `fg cnd rd{uelndcdgdg Ustbdg cd{ Kdusn``tgh cd{ Ncdd udokus ngnl{d` ojhnueldg Kdh{nbbd' T`hdmdl{s/ cdg ojhnueldg Bj{shfgh b{ unel hdgj``dg/ uj lfs fgcf{ng gfel udngdg Lftys`j`dgsdg cdg Bj{shfgh cd{ hduelnelsoneldg D{ueldngtghdg= fkd{ fg`t b{dnonel cndud {dngdg Kdh{nbbd ng cd` qt d{mdggdg xnuudg/ xfu cnd hduelnelsoneld Hdusfosdgslos' 643

Cnd fkuelonddgcd Kd`d{mtgh nus dgsueldncdgc' Ng cdg lnusj{nueldg Ftuhdusfostghdg cd{ Yln-ojujylnd ungc Xdudgsoneldu tgc Tgxdudgsoneldu rd{`nuels' T` und nl{d{ td{onelmdns qt dgs-modncdg tgc und fou xdudgsoneld Ustbdg cd{ Dgsxnemotgh cd{ Ncdd cf{usdoodg qt mggdg/ `t `fgcnd Mdggsgnu cdu Ftuqtujgcd{gcdg/ fouj cnd D{mdggsgnu cd{ Ncdd ueljg `nsk{nghdg' Lnd{ qdnhs

unel/ cf `ns Ldhdou `dsljcnueld{ Bj{cd{tgh/ cnd D{mdggsgnu cd{ Ncdd `uud cd{ Mdggsgnu nl{d{Hduelnelsd rj{ftuhdldg/ kd{dnsu dngd F{s Rd{cjyydotgh cdu U~usd`kdh{nbbu dngld{hdls' Cd{Kdh{nbb cd{ Ylnojujylnd tgc udngd Hduelnelsd usdldg ujqtufhdg fou lj{nqjgsfodu tgcrd{snmfodu U~usd` ftbdngfgcd{' Cfu rd{snmfod U~usd` nus cfu fkhdodnsdsd= kdh{nbbdgd Hduelnelsd nusn``d{ Mjgus{tmsnjg/ ng cd{ cfu Xdudgsoneld ftu cd{ @fggnhbfosnhmdns cdu D`yn{nuel-Lnusj{nueldg ld{ftuhdljkdg xn{c' Nus du fouj cfu Xdudg cd{ Ylnojujylnd/ Ftbusdnhdg rj`Fkus{fmsdg qt` Mjgm{dsdg qt udng/ uj nus du ftel cfu Xdudg nl{d{ Hduelnelsd= kdncdu nus ncdgsnueltgc dkdgcfld{ hnos cnd Dngldns cdu Ojhnueldg tgc Lnusj{nueldg'

Xnd odnels d{unelsonel/ rd{uelxngcds cndud cnd Rd{cjyydotgh cdu U~usd`u t`h{dnbdgcd Dngldnsdngd{ ojhnuel-lnusj{nueldg Cf{usdootgh/ ujkfoc unel Ldhdo rjg cd{ Hduelnelsd cd{ Ylnojujylndqt{ Ylnojujylnd cd{ Hduelnelsd/ c'l' n` Fms cd{ uydmtofsnrdg Bj{`hdgdud ftb cdg Kjcdg cdujkadmsnrdg Hdnusdu kdhnks' Cnd hodneld `dsljcnueld Bj{cd{tgh/ cf cnd D{mdggsgnu

645 Hdj{h Xnoldo` B{ndc{nel Ldhdo/ Rj{odutghdg kd{ cnd Hduelnelsd cd{ Ylnojujylnd/ ng1 cd{u'/ Xd{md/ Kc' 6'


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hnuel-u~usd`fsnueld tgc lnusj{nuel-u~usd`fsnueld Dgsbfostgh cd{ Mfsdhj{ndg ungc ng qxdn rd{-uelndcdgd [dnldg ftudngfgcd{hds{dsdg'

Cnd ng cd{ Dgsxnemotgh cd{ Xd{sbj{` hdodnusdsd Dgs`~usnbnqnd{tgh cdu Kdh{dnbdgu cd{ Hdhdg-

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Qt` Kdcdtstghuuydms{t` cdu Kdh{nbbu lnusj{nuel kdn @f{|

Cnd Cf{usdootgh cd{ hdxj{cdgdg Bj{`dg nus koj cf{t`/ xdno und gnels tg`nssdokf{ ncdgsnueludng mfgg `ns dngd{ hduelnelsoneldg Fkbjohd/ gnels tglnusj{nuel' Tgud{ Rd{utel/ cnd lnusj-

{nueldg N`yonmfsnjgdg cd{ bj{`hdgdsnueldg Cf{usdootgh ftbqthondcd{g/ kdfguy{tels mdngdRjoousgcnhmdns/ knocds ftel mdngdg u~usd`fsnueldg Qtuf``dglfgh/ ujgcd{g nus gt{ rj{otbnhtgc fccnsnr' Cdggjel d{ueldngs du gsqonel/ bjohdgcd Kdcdtstghdg cdu Kdh{nbbu lnusj{nuel kdn@f{| qt tgsd{ueldncdg= und xd{cdg fg `dl{ jcd{ `ngcd{ qtboonh ftuhdxlosdg Yfuufhdgnootus{nd{s'

6' Cnd Xd{sbj{` cdu F{kdnsuy{jctmsu nus cnd fkus{fmsdusd/ fkd{ ftel foohd`dngusd Bj{` cd{k{hd{oneldg Y{jctmsnjguxdnud/ cnd lnd{ct{el fou dngd kdujgcd{d F{s hdudoouelfbsoneld{ Y{jctm-snjg tgc cf`ns qthodnel lnusj{nuel ]Ld{rj{ldktgh rjg `n{P elf{fmsd{nund{s xn{c' Rd{undls `fgund cfld{ b{ cnd dxnhd Gfst{bj{` hdudoouelfbsoneld{ Y{jctmsnjg/ uj kd{undls `fg gjsxdgcnhftel cfu Uydqnbnueld cd{ Xd{sbj{`/ fouj cd{ Xf{dgbj{`/ xdnsd{ dgsxnemdos cd{ Hdocbj{`/ Mf-ynsfobj{` tux' 629 Lnd{ tgc fg rndodg fgcd{dg Usdoodg rd{xdgcds @f{| cdg Sd{`ngtu lnusj-{nuel+ n` Unggd rjg gnels gfs{onel' Cnd bj{`hdgdsnueld Dgsxnemotgh dgsuelodnd{s cnd mj-

gj`nueldg Mfsdhj{ndg fou Rd{hdhdgusgconeltghubj{`dg dngd{ lnusj{nuel kdusn``sdg F{s cd{Rd{ftuhfktgh rjg F{kdns - F{kdns ng Cjyydobj{` gnels fou F{kdns uelodelslng' 626 Cfnl{ Hdhdgusfgc ng cndud` Unggd lnusj{nuel nus/ nus du ftel cnd uydqnbnueld Bj{` cd{ Sldj{nd/cnd nlg d{mdggs' 62;

;' Ftu cndud{ d{usdg nus dngd qxdnsd Kdusn``tgh fkodnskf{1 lnusj{nuel n` Unggd rjg s{fgun-sj{nuel' Cnd Kdxdhtgh cd{ Mfynsford{xd{stgh d{ueldngs fou dng qxf{ gnels xnd ng cd{ ncdf-onusnueldg Ylnojujylnd1 sdodjojhnueld{/ rd{ggbsnhd{ xjlo fkd{ fou dng tgt`mdl{kf{d{ Y{jqd/cdg @f{| n` Hdudsq rj` sdgcdgqndoodg Bfoo cd{ Y{jbns{fsd gld{ kdusn``s lfs1 Du nus cndu ng

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629 Mf{o @f{|/Cfu Mfynsfo/ ng1@DX/ Kc' ;5/ U' >4/ Fg`' 5;'626 Mf{o @f{|/ K{ndb fg Dghdou rj`


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5' Cnd c{nssd Kdcdtstgh1 lnusj{nuel fou cd` mfynsfonusnueldg U~usd` rj{hghnh knocdsxndcd{t` gt{ cnd gjsxdgcnhd D{hgqtgh qt{ d{usdg tgc qxdnsdg' Nus cfu U~usd` fou gnelsgfs{oneldu tgc cfld{ cd{ @honelmdns gfel fou rd{hdldgcdu d{mfggs/ cfgg uss cnd Tgsd{ut-eltgh cd{ hdxj{cdgdg Bj{`dg ftel ftb cnd {nelsnhdg Ftuhfghub{fhdg b{ cnd D{bj{ueltghcd{ Hduelnelsd nl{du Xd{cdgu1 //Du nus cfld{ gnels gsnh/ t` cnd Hdudsqd cd{ k{hd{oneldgmjgj`nd qt dgsxnemdog/ cnd xn{moneld Hduelnelsd cd{ Y{jctmsnjgurd{losgnuud qt uel{dn-kdg' Fkd{ cnd {nelsnhd Fguelfttgh tgc Cdctmsnjg cd{udokdg fou udokus lnusj{nuel hdxj{cgd{Rd{losgnuud bl{s n``d{ ftb d{usd Hodneltghdg ' ' ' / cnd ftb dngd lngsd{ cndud` U~usd` ond-hdgcd Rd{hfghdgldns lngxdnudg' Cndud Fgcdtstghdg/ qthodnel `ns cd{ {nelsnhdg Bfuutgh cduHdhdgx{snhdg/ kndsdg cfgg ftel cdg Uelouudo b{ cfu Rd{usgcgnu cd{ Rd{hfghdgldns -dngd F{kdns b{ unel/ fg cnd xn{ ljbbdgsonel ftel gjel mj``dg xd{cdg' 623 Hd{fcd cndodsqsd Kd`d{mtgh qdnhs= cf @f{| gnels kdfguy{tels/ `ns cd{ Dgsxnemotgh cd{ hdxj{cdgdgBj{`dg qthodnel ueljg cnd [dmjgus{tmsnjg nl{du Xd{cdgu hdodnusds qt lfkdg' Udngd Fgfo~udcd{ hdhdgx{snhdg Sjsfonss d{oftks fkd{ cnd qdgs{fodg Ftuhfghub{fhdg b{ dngd Tgsd{uteltghnl{d{ Hduelnelsd' T` gt{ dng Kdnuyndo qt hdkdg1 udng mt{qd{ Fk{n kd{ cdg kd{hfgh rj`Bdtcfonu`tu qt` Mfynsfonu`tu/ cnd //ujh' t{uy{ghoneld Fmmt`tofsnjg/ hdls rj` Kdh{nbb

cd{ mfynsfonusnueldg Fmmt`tofsnjg/ c'l' rjg cd{ [emrd{xfgcotgh rjg @dl{xd{s ng Mfynsfoftu' Cnd D|nusdgq dngdu {emrd{xfgcdokf{dg Ut{yotu tgsd{usdoos fkd{ cdg Mfynsfonusdgfou Dnhgd{ dngdu t{uy{ghoneldg Mfynsfou' Cfu Mfynsfo nus fkd{ mdngd kojd Xd{sut``d/ ujg-cd{g dng hdudoouelfbsoneldu Rd{losgnu' Cnd lnusj{nueld Tgsd{uteltgh lfs fouj cnd Dgsusdltghcndudu Rd{losgnuudu qt mo{dg1 Cfu Mfynsford{losgnu udsqs cnd Ueldnctgh qxnueldg cdg F{-kdnsd{g tgc cd` Dnhdgst` fg cdg Rd{xn{moneltghukdcnghtghdg cd{ F{kdns rj{ftu' Ujkfoc cndmfynsfonusnueld Y{jctmsnjg dng`fo ftb dnhgdg Bdg usdls/ d{los und gnels gt{ adgd Ueldnctgh/ujgcd{g {dy{jctqnd{s und ftb usdsu xfeludgcd{ Ustbdgodnsd{' Cd{ Y{jqd/ cd{ cfu Mfyn-sford{losgnu uelfbbs/ mfgg fouj gnelsu fgc{du udng fou cd{ Ueldnctghuy{jqd cdu F{kdnsd{u rj`Dnhdgst` fg udngdg F{kdnsukdcnghtghdg/ dng Y{jqd/ cd{ dngd{udnsu cnd hdudoouelfbsoneldgOdkdgu- tgc Y{jctmsnjgu`nssdo ng Mfynsfo rd{xfgcdos/ fgc{d{udnsu cnd tg`nssdokf{dg Y{jct-qdgsdg ng Ojlgf{kdnsd{' Cnd ujh' t{uy{ghoneld Fmmt`tofsnjg nus fouj gnelsu fou cd{ lnusj{n-ueld Ueldnctghuy{jqd rjg Y{jctqdgs tgc Y{jctmsnjgu`nssdo' 624

3' Cndud d{usdg c{dn Kdcdtstghdg kdqndldg unel ftb cdg lnusj{nueldg Elf{fmsd{ cd{ bj{`hd-gdsnueldg @dsljcd ,6./ ftb cnd Dgsxnemotghu{nelstgh cdu hdxj{cdgdg U~usd`u ,;. tgc ftbcnd lnusj{nuel-rj{hghnhd H{dgqd cd{ cnfodmsnueldg Cf{usdootgh ,5.' Cnd s{fcnsnjgdood Kdcdt-stgh cdu Lnusj{nueldg fou cdu D`yn{nuel-Bfmsnueldg cfu unel mdngd{ Sldj{nd kdths/ kd-s{nbbs cfhdhdg cnd H{dgqd cdu bj{`hdgdsnueldg Ftbusdnhdgu rj` Fkus{fmsdg qt` Mjgm{dsdgng cd{ Cf{usdootgh cd{ k{hd{oneldg Hdudoouelfbs udokus' Xn{ lfssdg fghdcdtsds ,Rho' Fg`'65;f tgc 655./ cf unel cnd [dnelxdnsd dngd{ sldj{dsnueldg Cf{usdootgh cdu Mfynsfou knu qt{Dgsxnemotgh cd{ Bj{`dg d{us{dems/ ng cdgdg cfu Xd{shdudsq ng cd{ Mjgmt{{dgq unel ct{eludsqs' Adgudnsu cndud{ sldj{dsnueldg Dkdgd kdhnggs cnd xn{moneld Kdxdhtgh cd{ Mjgmt{-{dgq tgc cf`ns qthodnel cnd Uyl{d cd{ dng`fonhdg/ ng cndud{ kdusn``sdg Mjgusdoofsnjg

623 F'f'J'/ U' 523 b'624 Mf{o @f{|/Cfu Mfynsfo/ ng1@DX/ Kc' ;5/ U' 83;' - Fghdunelsu cndud{ gfel xnd rj{ hosnhdgFtuhfghub{fhd rd{uelohs du gnelsu/ cf,'u @f{| cdg Tgsd{hfgh cd{ ~dj`fg{~+ qt b{l fghdudsqs lfs' Rho'cfqt1 Yfto @fgsjt|/ Sld Ngctus{ndoo [drjotsnjg ng sld Dnhlsddgsl Edgst{~/ l{uh' rjg S' U' Fulsjg/ Ojgcjg6>89/ U' 65>'


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OJHNUEL+ TGC LNUSJ[NUEL+ 54tgxndcd{ljokf{dg Bfmsdg cdu lnusj{nueldg Y{jqduudu' Und ondhs ftd{lfok cdu Yofgdu cdu Mf-ynsfou/ kdqdnelgds fkd{ cdg Ytgms/ fg cd` cnd sldj{ndhdodnsdsd F{kdns cdu Lnusj{nmd{u fguds-qdg `t' 622

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Cnd Dngldns cdu Ojhnueldg tgc Lnusj{nueldg kdn Dghdou

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Heinz Dieter Kittsteiner, »Logisch« und »Historisch«. Über Differenzen des Marxschen und...

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Transcript of Heinz Dieter Kittsteiner, »Logisch« und »Historisch«. Über Differenzen des Marxschen und...