INFORMATIVO CAMPESINO - 188 - MAYO 2004 - CDE - PORTALGUARANI

7/23/2019 INFORMATIVO CAMPESINO - 188 - MAYO 2004 - CDE - PORTALGUARANI

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ljchr`gtlvhEG@^MULJH

`gyh6>>4 7

ljchr`gtlvh

EG@^MULJHJ 722

@G\H 6>>4

]jg pufilegelj dm

Cumjtms ehjsuitgdgs

Jhtlelgs, GFE Ehihr,itl`g Bhrg y Ig Jgelj.

Mdlthr

rmg Uhelharm`lgi EDM

Vmsphjsgfim

Vhfmrth SliigifgEhjsmkh dm Vmdgeelj

Dgjlg ^liz, Wuljtj Vlqumi`m,@lrtbg Vhdraumz, Misy Smrg,Vhfmrth Sliigifg

Dlsmh dm T gpg y Dlgarg`gelj

Emelilg Vlvgrhig

Chth dm T gpg

Greblvh EDM

L prmslj

WV ^rhdueelhjms Arclegs

Ig mdlelj dm mstg rmvlstg smrmgilzg argelgs gLJTMV@HJ HRCGJ

J]MUTVG H^LJLJ

^rh`msgs dm slm`prm y vlmkhs vlelhs ..................................... 6

MJTVMSLUTGMjtrmvlstg g ig smermtgrlg dm ig @ukmr dm ig HE@

@grelgjg Cihrmjtj dmi Gsmjtg`lmjth @grtj Vhij

@uebgs jmemsldgdms y phegs rmspumstgs ............................... 4

HVAGJL[GELHJMU EG@^MULJGU

Igs hragjlzgelhjms yg jh ermmj mj ig prh`msg dmi dlihah .... 1

@GJLCMUTGELHJMU

^rhtmstgs pgrg rmeig`gr tlmrrg y `mdlh g`flmjtm sgjh ....... 76

LJUTLT]ELHJMU HCLELGIMUUlaumj igs prh`msgs pgrg mi eg`ph .................................... 7=

LJUTLT]ELHJMU ^VLSGDGU

Mi dlseursh dmi ^hdmr Mkmeutlvh gilmjtg ig heupgelj dmprhplmdgdms ...................................................................... 65

^]MFIHU LJDAMJGU

Ljdamjgs pldmj qum sm prhtmkgj sus tlmrrgs ........................ 61

EHJCILETHU DM TLMVVG

Sgrlhs ehjcileths slaumj slj rmshivmrsm ................................ 5>

JHTLELGU LJTMVJGELHJGIMU

MM.]]. dmfm rmjujelgr g ihs sufsldlhs garehigs .................. 53

LJCHV@GELHJMU GAVEHIGU

@s giahdj qum mi gh pgsgdh, pmrh `gihs prmelhs ........... 52

H^LJLHJMUGetlvldgdms ehj hragjlzgelhjms dm @lslhjms ............................ 46


2/42


`gyh6>>46

J]MUTVG H^LJLJ

^rh`msgs dm slm`prm y vlmkhs vlelhs

Ig eg`pgg giahdhjmrg dm igtm`phrgdg 6>>5/6>>4 iima g su

tr`ljh y ujg vmz s, ig`mjtg-fim`mjtm, ihs jlehs prhjstlehsqum sm eu`pilmrhj cumrhj ihs`gihs. Mi Ahflmrjh pgrgaugyhrmgilz ujg cumrtm eg`pgg lj-emjtlvgjdh mi euitlvh dmi giahdjprh`mtlmjdh -mjtrm htrgs ehsgs-ljtmremdmr pgrg qum ihs prhdue-thrms rmelfgj pgahs kusths phr suehsmebg, pmrh pmsm g mstgs prh-`msgs, ihs prmelhs dmcrgudgrhj gipmqumh prhduethr.

Durgjtm ujh dm ihs tgjths gethsdm igjzg`lmjth dm ig eg`pgggiahdhjmrg, rmgilzgdh mj ig elu-dgd dm Ehjempelj mj smtlm`frmdmi gh pgsgdh, mi `ljlstrh dmGarleuiturg, Gjthjlh Lfmz, shs-tuvh qum mstgfgj dgjdh mi gphyhjmemsgrlh pgrg dmsgrrhiigr mi prh-arg`g giahdhjmrh. Gdm`s, pl-dl gi eg`pmsljgdh tmjmr ehj-

clgjzg phrqum mi Ahflmrjh mstg-fg phjlmjdh su gyhr m`pmh mjig eg`pgg dlstrlfuymjdh sm`l-iigs dm fumjg egildgd. JlegjhrDugrtm Cruths, qulmj tg`fljgslstl gi geth dm igjzg`lmjth,dlkh mstgr dlspumsth g rmauigr miprmelh dmi giahdj y jh pmr`ltlrqum jl cujelhjgrlhs, jl m`prmsg-rlhs ljtmjtmj dmsvlrtugr mi trgfg-kh qum dmsmg dmsgrrhiigr dmsdm miAhflmrjh mj fmjmclelh dm ihseg`pmsljhs dmi pgs7.

G pmsgr dm msths dlseurshs, qumcumrhj th`gdhs phr ihs igfrlmahs

eh`h uj eh`prh`lsh smrlh dmpgrtm dmi ^hdmr Mkmeutlvh, durgj-tm ig ehsmebg jumvg`mjtm sm rm-pltlmrhj vlmkhs vlelhs g ig bhrg dmig eh`mrelgilzgelj. Mstgs pre-tlegs vlelgdgs sm vlmrhj eigrg-`mjtm rmcimkgdgs mj ihs prmelhspgagdhs phr ig clfrg, qum hselig-rhj mjtrm 7.2>> y 6.5>> augrgjmsphr olih dm giahdj6. Mstgs elcrgsmstj `uy phr dmfgkh dm ihs5.>>> augrgjms phr olih, prmelhehj mi eugi sm mspmeuigfg tgjthmj mscmrgs hclelgims eh`h prlvg-dgs eugjdh sm gimjtgfg g ihs prh-duethrms g euitlvgr mstm rufrh5.Igs prmaujtgs qum jhs bgem`hsshj; E`h prmtmjdg mi Ahflmr-jh rmauigr mi prmelh sl mi slstm`gdm eh`mrelgilzgelj slaum ljtge-th dmsdm bgem degdgs y pmrsls-tmj igs mstrueturgs dm ljtmr`mdlg-elj qum dmsphkgj g ihs eg`pm-

sljhs dmi cruth dm su mscumrzh8Mj qu `h`mjth mi Ahflmrjhmstgfimel ujg phitleg eg`flgrlgeigrg pgrg qum ihs mxphrtgdhrmsjh mspmeuigrgj ehj mi digr mjpheg dm ehsmebg8 Tlmjm mi @l-jlstmrlh dm Garleuiturg uj meg-jls`h trgjspgrmjtm pgrg ig clkg-elj dmi prmelh g jlvmi ihegi, tm-jlmjdh mj eumjtg ig ehtlzgeljdmi giahdj mj mi `mregdh ljtmr-

jgelhjgi8 Igs rmspumstgs g mstgs

ljeajltgs jh mstj mj ihs dlseur-shs phpuilstgs dmi prmsldmjtm Jl-

egjhr Dugrtm Cruths.

Ih prmvlslfim

jh sm tuvh mj eumjtg

Vm`ltljdhjhs g ihs ljchr`msju`rlehs jhs mjehjtrg`hs ehjqum ig eg`pgg dm mstm gh prm-smjtg `mkhrgs imvms ehj rmspme-th g ig gjtmrlhr. Mi gehplh iima g

615.>>> thjmigdgs mj dms`htg-dhrgs, ih eugi ljdleg qum durgjtmig prmsmjtm eg`pgg 6>>5/>4 smehsmebgrhj gprhxl`gdg`mjtm7>5.>>> thjmigdgs s qum mi ghpgsgdh, pmrhdh garehig durgj-tm mi eugi shig`mjtm sm kujtgrhj,mj thtgi, 71>.>>> thjmigdgs dm igclfrg. Giaujgs dms`htgdhrgs sl-aumj rmelflmjdh, phr sm`gjg,mjtrm 7.>>> y 6.>>> thjmigdgs dm

giahdj mj rg`g, smaj ihs lj-chr`ms hclelgims4.

Ig prhdueelj thtgi dm giahdjprmsmjtg uj ljerm`mjth dm 15,1%ehj rmspmeth g ig tm`phrgdg gj-tmrlhr, smaj ljchr`ms dm ig Dl-rmeelj dm Emjshs y MstgdstlegsGarhpmeugrlgs dmi @ljlstmrlh dmGarleuiturg y Agjgdmrg. Msmermel`lmjth sm mxpileg phr mi gu-`mjth mj su supmrclelm dm slm`-

frg dmi 24%, guj eugjdh mi rmj-


3/42


`gyh6>>4 5

dl`lmjth dmi prhdueth prmsmjtmujg dls`ljuelj dmi hrdmj dmi=,3%, dlem mi ljchr`m=. ^mrh igselcrgs, yg smgj dm prmelhs h dmrmsuitgdhs mj thjmigdgs, sih rm-

cimkgj ujg pgrtm dm ig rmgildgd.

Ig tm`phrgdg giahdhjmrg tuvhvgrlhs ljehjvmjlmjtms. Ig smqugy mi gtgqum dm pigags mj giaujgsrmalhjms cumrhj dhs gargvgjtmsqum hfilagrhj g rmvlsgr igs prh-ymeelhjms dm prhdueelj dm gi-ahdj pgrg mstm gh. Igs prdl-dgs mstl`gdgs phr ig E`grg Gi-ahdhjmrg dmi grgaugy -Egdmipg-, bgfigj dm ujg `mr`g dm egsl

6>% rmspmeth g igs prmvlslhjmsljlelgims dm uj pheh s 5>>.>>>thjmigdgs3. Ig prhduetlvldgd rhj-dg mj prh`mdlh gpmjgs > ol-ihs, elcrg qum tg`flj mst ùyphr dmfgkh dmi rmjdl`lmjth ldmgiphr bmetrmg, qum pumdm iimagr g`s dm trms li olihs, dmpmjdlmj-dh dm ig egildgd dmi sumih y igegildgd dm igs sl`lmjtms.

Igs `gigs jhtlelgs pgrmemj jhdmtmjmrsm y smaj ihs ljchr`msdm ujg ehjsuithrg ljtmrjgelhjgi,mspmecleg`mjtm mi Eh`lt Ehj-suitlvh Ljtmrjgelhjgi dmi Giah-dj -EELG-, ehj smdm mj Mstg-dhs ]jldhs, pgrg ig tm`phrgdg6>>4/6>>= mi prmelh dmi giahdj

mj ihs `mregdhs ljtmrjgelhjgimspumdm rmalstrgr ujg egdg dm 7=%mj mi gh giahdhjmrh 6>>4/>=ehj rmspmeth gi prh`mdlh prhyme-tgdh pgrg ig prmsmjtm tm`phrgdg.

Ihs hjem emjtgvhs `mjhs rmprm-smjtgj 646 digrms `mjhs phrthjmigdg dm clfrg, h gprhxl`gdg-`mjtm =>> augrgjms `mjhs phregdg olih dm giahdj mj rg`g.Giaujgs dm igs egusgs bgfigj dmqum mj msths `h`mjths mi giah-dj jh rmsuitg eh`pmtltlvh mjeugjth g prmelhs crmjtm g igs cl-frgs sljttlegs, y gdm`s mi ushljdustrlgi g jlvmi ùjdlgi sm mj-

eumjtrg mstgjegdh1

.Htrhs ljchr`ms shfrm mi giahdjljdlegj qum ^grgaugy tlmjm ujhdm ihs pmhrms rmjdl`lmjths dmgiahdj dmi ujdh. Jh ms mi sfgkh phrqum thdgvg supmrg g ihspgsms gcrlegjhs y giaujhs htrhs,pmrh sm mst ùy imkhs dm qulm-jms mstj gi crmjtm mj msg `gtm-rlg2.

Mj ehjeiuslj

Ig prhfim`tleg qum rhdmg gieuitlvh dmi giahdj ms eh`pimkg,jh ms jumvg y sm rmpltm gh g gh,pums jh ms mjegrgdg dmsdm mi Ah-

7 Ljchr`gtlvh Eg`pmsljh, smtlm`frm 6>>5, p72.6 DJ 76.>4 p7=.>4 p1.4 DJ >=.>=.>4 p72.

= ]B 62.>=.>4 p7=/GFE 57.>=.>4 p76.>4 p6.>4 p7>.

1 IJ >3.>4.>4 p7>.2 IJ 67.>4.>4 p2. Uupim`mjth Eg`ph.

flmrjh dmjtrh dm uj prharg`gaihfgi dm dmsgrrhiih qum fusqumshiuelhjgr ihs prhfim`gs dm chj-dh. Ihs sumihs mstj dmsagstgdhs,sm slaumj mjtrmagjdh sm`liigs

ehj fgkh phdmr amr`ljgtlvh -1>%-, uj `jl`h phremjtgkm dmeg`pmsljhs rmelfm gslstmjelg te-jleg mj su cljeg, jh bgy erdlthshphrtujhs, jl ljstltuelhjms qumtmjagj ehfmrturg mj thdh mi pgs,slaum frliigjdh phr su gusmjelguj slstm`g dm trgjsphrtm y eh`mr-elgilzgelj dm gphyh gi eg`pm-sljh qum ih ilfrm dm ihs ljtmr`m-dlgrlhs, gdm`s, eh`h yg eltfg-

`hs, jh mxlstm ujg phitleg eg`-flgrlg aufmrjg`mjtgi eigrg pgrgmvltgr ig mspmeuigelj ehj mi d-igr mj tlm`phs dm ehsmebg, jl smclkgj ihs prmelhs mj chr`g trgjs-pgrmjtm, sljh ujligtmrgi`mjtm phrigs m`prmsgs mxphrtgdhrgs. Ihsprhduethrms tg`pheh ihargj ehj-smjsugr mstrgtmalgs qum ims pmr-`ltgj mjcrmjtgr ujldhs ig phitl-eg giahdhjmrg gjmkgdg ujligtm-

rgi`mjtm phr mi arm`lh dm ihsgarhmxphrtgdhrms. @lmjtrgs jhmxlstg ujg ehjcrhjtgelj dm `g-yhr pmsh, ihs garhmxphrtgdhrmsmj gilgjzg ehj mi Mstgdh smaul-rj ildmrgjdh ig phitleg giahdh-jmrg dmi pgs.


4/42


`gyh6>>44

MJTVMSLUTG

@uebgs jmemsldgdms y phegs rmspumstgs

Mjtrmvlstg g ig smermtgrlg dm ig @ukmr dm ig HE@

@grelgjg Cihrmjtj dmi Gsmjtg lmjth @grtj Vhij

]jh dm ihs argvms prhfim`gs dm igs hragjlzgelhjms dm ùkmrmsrurgims ms mi pheh gphyh qum rmelfmj phr pgrtm dm ihs ahflmrjhs

ihegims y rmalhjgims pgrg sus prhymeths dm dmsgrrhiih. Mi gfgj-

dhjh dmi Mstgdh mj thdhs ihs gspmeths, yg smg mj mi prhduetlvh,

mj mi shelgi, mj mi mehj`leh y mj mi euiturgi, gcmetg dm `gjmrg

drg`tleg g igs ùkmrms. Igs ùkmrms eg`pmsljgs jh tmjdrj

geemsh g ig eludgdgjg pimjg sl jh tlmjmj geemsh g ihs rmeurshs

prhduetlvhs y mehj`lehs eh`h tlmrrg, erdlths, tmejhihag, y g

smrvlelhs fslehs eh`h sgiud, mduegelj y uj `mdlh g`flmjtmsgjh. Thdg mstg prhfim`tleg `htlvg g igs ùkmrms g hragjlzgr-

sm y iuebgr phr sus dmrmebhs, mi jlvmi dm pgrtlelpgelj dm igs

ùkmrms mj igs hragjlzgelhjms eg`pmsljgs vg mj gu`mjth, eh`h

ms mi egsh dm ig Hragjlzgelj Eg`pmsljg dm @lslhjms, pmrh th-

dgvg qumdgj `mtgs phr giegjzgr eh`h smr ig ljeiuslj dm `s

ùkmrms mj igs ljstgjelgs dm th`g dm dmelslj, ms dmelr mj igs

eh`lslhjms dlrmetlvgs. Bhy bgfig`hs ehj @grelgjg Cihrmjtj,

smermtgrlg dm ig @ukmr dm ig HE@, qulmj jhs eumjtg ihs trgfgkhsqum mstj rmgilzgjdh mj ig hragjlzgelj.

@grelgjg

Cihrmjtj,

jumstrg

mjtrmvlstgdg.


5/42


`gyh6>>4 =

Bgem eujth qum msts mj igUmermtgrg dm ig @ukmr8Bgem dhs ghs, sm mstj phreu`pilr dhs ghs.

Wu trgfgkhs rmgilzgj mj igUmermtgrg dm ig @ukmr8Trgfgkg`hs mj eh`lts, gbhrgtmjm`hs mj Ugj Cmrjgjdh 7>eh`lts, mj @grtj Vhij 4eh`lts y mj htrh gsmjtg`lmj-th ujhs eugjths eh`lts tg`-flj. Mj @grtj Vhij tmjm-`hs ujgs eugjtgs `quljgsehj igs eugims trgfgkg`hs,

pmrh jh phdm`hs trgfgkgr u-ebh phrqum jhs bgemj cgitg rm-eurshs.

Euims shj ihs trgfgkhs qumbgemj ihs eh`lts8Gbhrg mstg`hs prheurgjdh mjihs eh`lts pgrg ehjsmaulrtg`fh, h smg prhymeths prh-duetlvhs.

^grg bgemr msths trgfgkhs smrmigelhjgj ehj ihs ahflmrjhsihegims, ujlelpgildgd, ahfmr-jgelj h ehj qulj trgfgkgj8Gbhrg ih qum mstg`hs bgelmj-dh ms trgfgkgr ehj ig @ED,@msg Ehhrdljgdhrg Dmpgrtg-`mjtgi, y g trgvs dm msg hrag-jlzgelj iimagrhj kujth g jh-shtrgs ihs dm ig hragjlzgeljUmrpgk, y jhs ljvltgrhj g rm-ujlrjhs, y yh m cul eh`h sm-ermtgrlg dm ig @ukmr, phrqumjmemsltg`hs y qumrm`hs qumg jumstrhs eh`lts dm ùkmrmsjhs gyudmj, jhshtrgs igs ù-kmrms qumrm`hs trgfgkgr tg`-flj, pgrg phdmr gyudgr gjumstrg cg`lilg. Msh ms giahqum yh vmh mjtrm `ls eh`pg-

mrgs, qulmrmj trgfgkgr y jhsh-trgs jh tmjm`hs jljaj rmeur-

sh pgrg trgfgkgr. Gbhrg mj ku-ilh m tmjah qum lr jumvg`mj-tm g uj sm`ljgrlh mj Ltgpg ydm gb yg tmjm`hs qum vmjlr gehjermtgr giaj trgfgkh pgrgjhshtrgs. Ig vmz pgsgdg jhscul`hs g ig ahfmrjgelj tg`-flj, pmrh jhs `lmjtmj, tmjm-`hs ihs prhymeths pmrh jh jhsbgemj egsh.

Eui ms ig jmemsldgd `sargjdm qum tlmjmj gbhrg eh`hùkmrms mj ihs gsmjtg`lmjths8\ ih qum `s smjtl`hs ms qum

bufh pheg prhdueelj, y guj-qum jhs gyudm`hs mjtrm jhsh-trgs jh phdm`hs, jh tmjm`hserdlth, jl jumstrhs eh`pgm-rhs y gs jh phdm`hs trgfgkgr.Jhshtrgs qumrm`hs bgemr kg-fj, pmrh jh phdm`hs, jh jhsshfrg, jhs cgitgj rmeurshs, mshyg m blzh pmjsgr uebh phr-qum igs ùkmrms dm `l aruph

`m dlemj ehjsmauljhs phr cg-vhr giah pgrg trgfgkgr, y jhpumdh, qulmrmj trgfgkgr mj prh-ymeths, giaujgs qulmrmj trgfg-kgr mj bumrtg, htrgs qulmrmj gi-`gej ehùjltgrlh, htrgsqulmrmj tg`fh, h agiiljmrg,ebgjebmrg, mj ùebgs ehsgsphdm`hs trgfgkgr pmrh jh mj-ehjtrg`hs ig phslflildgd pgrgtrgfgkgr.

Mstg sltugelj dm erlsls mehj-`leg ims gcmetg ùebh eh`hùkmrms y eg`pmsljgs...\ jh ms qum vm`hs flmj ig sl-tugelj dm ig ùkmr, yh msthyeh`h prh`hthrg dm sgiud tg`-flj, msthy mj igs dhs pgrtms,dm rmpmjtm `m eumstg uj pheh,pmrh trgfgkh phrqum vmh ù-

ebgs jmemsldgdms, gbhrg mj mieg`ph gi `mjhs jhs eumstg

ùebh thdh, prl`mrg`mjtmpgrg `gjtmjmr g ig cg`lilg,pgrg qum sm vgygj g ig mseum-ig, gdm`s bgy ùebgs ùkm-rms m`fgrgzgdgs, ùebgs vm-ems sm mjcmr`gj mj su egsg, jhtlmjmj phslflildgdms dm lr g ujbhspltgi y sl sm vgj gi bhspltgitlmjmj qum pmimgr pgrg qum smims gtlmjdg, pgrg qum tmjagjgb su pgrth y ms chrzgdh thdhmsh. Jhshtrgs phr msh jhs rm-ujl`hs, jhs kujtg`hs, bgfig-`hs y vm`hs ig phslflildgd dmtmjmr giaj trgfgkh, fumjh mj

`l egsh gbhrg mj hetufrm tmr-`ljg `l pigzh mj ig Umermtg-rg dm ig @ukmr.

Tg`flj sm jhtg qum gbhrgbgy `s pgrtlelpgelj dm igsùkmrms...Bgy uebg pgrtlelpgelj dm igùkmr gbhrg, eugjdh vg g bg-fmr ujg `hvlilzgelj ùebgs

ùkmrms vmjl`hs, gbhrg yg sg-il`hs `s dm jumstrg egsg,gjtms jh mrg gs, pmrh gbhrg bgy`s ukmrms qum sm ljtmrmsgj,phrqum gjtms ihs bh`frms jh-`s pgrtlelpgfgj, y gbhrg qumsm im dg `s su dmrmebh g igùkmr pgrmem qum jhs dmspmr-tg`hs `s.

^mrh... thdgvg tlmjmj elmrthshfsteuihs pgrg pgrtlelpgr8Msh yh vmh qum thdgvg bgy,ùebgs ùkmrms jh pumdmjsgilr dm su egsg phrqum tlmjmjprhfim`g ehj su cg`lilg, ehjsu pgrmkg, pmrh msh sm vg supm-rgjdh imjtg`mjtm, yh iumah mrgig qum prljelpgi`mjtm gjtmstmjg uebhs hfsteuihs, dms-pus pudm supmrgr giaujgs eh-

sgs, y phr msh bgfig`hs mjtrmjhshtrgs y qumrm`hs giaj dg


6/42


`gyh6>>43

phdmr trgfgkgr tg`flj eh`hihs bh`frms, pmrh s `m phjmùy ehjtmjtg qum gbhrg bgygùebgs ùkmrms qum pgrtlel-pgj mj ig hragjlzgelj.

Eujtgs ùkmrms mstj mj igeh`lslj dlrmetlvg dm igHE@8Mj ig eh`lslj dlrmetlvg mstg-`hs phegs thdgvg, sh`hs trmsjh`s, y mj thtgi sh`hs 72 mjig eh`lslj dlrmetlvg, ig vmr-dgd ms qum egsl dhs ùkmrmsjh`s sh`hs igs qum pgrtlel-

pg`hs, msh thdgvg jh dmseu-fr flmj qu ms ih qum mst pg-

sgjdh, sl igs ùkmrms mstj tm-jlmjdh giaj prhfim`g ehjsus eh`pgmrhs, h qu pgsgphrqum jh mstj pgrtlelpgjdhgb, y ig vmrdgd ms qum yh imsdlah eugjdh jhs rmujl`hs tm-jm`hs qum pgrtlelpgr s, phr-qum tmjm`hs dmrmebh y jhsh-trgs tmjm`hs ùebgs ldmgstg`flj qum phdm`hs gphrtgr.

Dmsdm bgem eujths ghs ms-ts trgfgkgjdh dmjtrh dm ujghragjlzgelj8Bgem smls ghs qum msthy ge,

pmrh gjtms pgrtlelpgfg g jlvmidm pgsthrgi, tmjg`hs uj eh`l-

t dm ukmrms, pmrh dmspus mùd gi pumfih y jh pudm spgrtlelpgr, pmrh gbhrg vljm gmstg hragjlzgelj y msthy trg-fgkgjdh ehj miihs.

Mj ihs gsmjtg`lmjths bgyùkmrms egfmzg dm cg`lilg qumyg tlmjmj su tlmrrg8Gs ms, mj jumstrh gsmjtg`lmj-th @grtj Vhij sm ihar mshy igs ùkmrms pgrtlelpgj g jl-vmi dm eh`lts. Bgy yg prhyme-ths dm tg`fh qum sm ihargrhjg trgvs dm ig hragjlzgelj, tm-

jm`hs chrrgkmrg tg`flj phrmkm`pih.


7/42


`gyh6>>4 1

HVAGJL[GELHJMUEG@^MULJGU

Igs hragjlzgelhjms yg jh ermmj mj ig

prh`msg dmi dlihahIg @msg Ehhrdljgdhrg Jgelhjgi dm Hragjlzgelhjms Eg`pmsl-

jgs -@EJHE- rmebgz su pgrtlelpgelj mj ig eh`lslj qum qulmrm

chr`gr mi Ahflmrjh pgrg trgtgr dm mjehjtrgr ujg shiuelj gi

prhfim`g dm ihs slj tlmrrg. Mi arm`lh eg`pmsljh ermm qum igs

guthrldgdms yg sgfmj `uy flmj ihs prhfim`gs mxlstmjtms y qumshih rmstg th`gr geelhjms. Mj msm smjtldh, ihs slj tlmrrg dm mstg

hragjlzgelj rmgilzgrhj dmsdm mi pgsgdh 5 dm `gyh su pimjgrlg

mj ig egpltgi pgrg gjgilzgr ig sltugelj getugi dm ig rmchr`g

gargrlg y dmiljmgr uj pigj dm geelj mj egsh dm qum mi Ahflmrjh

slag slj eu`pilr sus prh`msgs. ^hr su pgrtm ig dlrlamjelg dm ig

Cmdmrgelj Jgelhjgi Eg`pmsljg -CJE- mxlal gi Ahflmrjh qum

th`m ujg dmcljlelj shfrm mi tm`g dm ig ljdustrlgilzgelj dmi

giahdj pgrg mi 62 dm `gyh prxl`h, y rmgilzgr htrh pigjtmg-`lmjth flmj dlcmrmjtm g su prhymeth getugi dm rmchr`g dm ig fgj-

eg pfileg. Mi tltuigr dm ig CJE, Hdlij Mspjhig, dlkh qum ms

egsl uj uitl`tu` y sl jh bgy gvgjems mi Ahflmrjh mstgr dm-

`hstrgjdh su cgitg dm ljtmrs phr su tgj prh`helhjgdh dlihah,

y pumdm `htlvgr `hvlilzgelhjms phr pgrtm dm ig hragjlzgelj

eg`pmsljg pgrg dmcmjdmr sus rmlvljdlegelhjms.

Jgelhjgims

@EJHEIg @msg Ehhrdljgdhrg Jgelhjgi dm Hragjl-zgelhjms Eg`pmsljgs -@EJHE- rmebgz supgrtlelpgelj mj ig eh`lslj qum qulmrm chr-`gr mi Ahflmrjh pgrg trgtgr dm mjehjtrgr ujgshiuelj gi prhfim`g dm ihs slj tlmrrg. Mi arm-

`lh eg`pmsljh ermm qum igs guthrldgdms ygsgfmj `uy flmj ihs prhfim`gs mxlstmjtms y

dmfmj th`gr geelhjms. ^grg Iuls Gaugyh, sm-ermtgrlh amjmrgi dm ig @EJHE, msg ljtmjeljjh pgsg dm smr uj phpuils`h `s qum jh tmj-dr jljaj rmsuitgdh, yg jh vgim ig pmjg sm-aulr gjgilzgjdh, bgy qum th`gr geelhjms ehj-ermtgs, ljdle. Ig dlrlamjelg dm ig @EJHEtg`flj tlmjm htrh grau`mjth pgrg jh chr`grpgrtm dm ig eh`lslj ljtmrsmethrlgi, y ehjslstmmj jh smjtgrsm ehj qulmjms miihs ehjsldmrgjigtlcujdlstgs. Jh vg`hs g bgfigr ehj amjtm

qum jhs ehjsldmrg dmiljeumjtms, gsmaurGaugyh. IJ >7.>=.>4p77


8/42


`gyh6>>42

Ihs slj tlmrrg rmgilzgrhj dmsdm mi pgsgdh 5 dm`gyh su pimjgrlg mj ig egpltgi pgrg gjgilzgr igsltugelj getugi dm ig rmchr`g gargrlg y dmil-jmgr uj pigj dm geelj mj egsh dm qum mi Ah-flmrjh slag slj eu`pilr sus prh`msgs. Ig gd-vmrtmjelg ms clr`m; qulmrmj shiuelhjms h bg-fr heupgelhjms. Ig ehhrdljgelj dm ig pim-jgrlg mstuvh g egrah dm ig @EJHE. Ig ehj-vhegthrlg sural dmspus qum vgrlhs aruphseg`pmsljhs g`mjgzgrhj ehj heupgelhjms,heupgrhj h`mjtjmg`mjtm giaujgs tlmrrgs yprmslhjgj phr ehjsmaulr tlmrrgs mspmelgi`mj-tm mj Ugj ^mdrh, gujqum ihs prhfim`gs sm mx-tlmjdmj g htrhs dmpgrtg`mjths. IJ >5.>=.>4p77/]B >5.>=.>4p7=.>=.>4p77/]B >=.>=.>4p72

Ihs smethrms shelgims gdvlrtlmrhj qum mstjjumvg`mjtm prmsths g hvlilzgrsm pgrg crmjgr

thdg ljlelgtlvg dm rmcihtgr ig Imy 7.37=, qumehjtm`pig ig prlvgtlzgelj dm m`prmsgs p-filegs y rmchr`g dmi Mstgdh. Mi dlrlamjtm Fm-igr`ljh Fgifumjg, dm ig @EJHE, geudl giEhjarmsh pgrg gjujelgr ig phslelj dmi smethry pmdlr gi smjgdhr dm ^gtrlg Wumrldg Mstgjls-igh @grtjmz, mx dlrlamjtm eg`pmsljh, mi gph-yh pgrg bgemr crmjtm g ig prmtmjdldg rmgetlvg-elj dm dlebg imy. Ig ljlelgtlvg pgrg rmeupmrgrig rmcmrldg imy pgrtl dmi grtldh Ilfmrgi Vgdl-egi Gutjtleh -^IVG-, y yg tlmjm mi gphyh dm^gtrlg Wumrldg y ]jgem, gdm`s dmi ^hdmrMkmeutlvh. IJ >=.>=.>4p6/DJ >=.>=.>4p3/GFE>=.>=.>4p7>

Ig @EJHE m`ltl uj eh`ujlegdh, prhph-jlmjdh dmkgr dm pgagr ig dmudg mxtmrjg phreljeh ghs, mil`ljgr ihs sufsldlhs g ihs pgrtl-dhs phitlehs y dls`ljulr ihs agsths dm igsCC.GG. pgrg dmstljgr g ig rmchr`g gargrlg yeg`flgr ig vldg dm ihs trgfgkgdhrms dmi pgs.Msg cum ujg dm igs ehjeiuslhjms dm ig pimjgrlgdm ihs sljtlmrrgs qum rmgilz dlebh arm`lh,dhjdm tg`flj rgtlclegrhj qum mi getugi Ah-flmrjh jh tlmjm ujg phitleg dm rmchr`g garg-rlg, jl dmelslj dm rmeupmrgr igs tlmrrgs gibg-fldgs, qum ljeiuslvm cumrhj dmjujelgdgs phr

mi prmsldmjtm dm ig Vmpfileg, Jlegjhr DugrtmCruths. IJ >3.>=.>4p7>


9/42


`gyh6>>4 6.>=.>4p7=

G igs iuebgs eg`pmsljgs mstm Ahflmrjh rms-phjdm ehj fgigs, gsmsljgjdh g jumstrhs eh`-pgmrhs pgrg dmcmjdmr g ihs garhmxphrtgdhrms

y eh`h ehrhigrlh, ig gprhfgelj dmi l`pums-tgzh, uj gzgzh s g ihs phfrms dm mstm pgs,dlem mi dheu`mjth prmsmjtgdh phr ig Ehhrdl-jgdhrg Hfrmrh Eg`pmsljg y ^hpuigr, qum cum

dmfgtldh mj ig pigzg Ltgilg mj ehj`m`hrgeljgi Dg dmi Trgfgkgdhr. ^msegdhrms, `gmstrhs,`gmstrgs, ebhcmrms, hfrmrhs y hfrmrgs dm dlcm-rmjtms rufrhs pgrtlelpgrhj dmi mjeumjtrh, mjmi eugi sm mxlal ig rmgetlvgelj mehj`legprhduetlvg garehig m ljdustrlgi dmi pgs. IgEHE^ mxpush elcrgs prmheupgjtms dm ig rmgil-dgd jgelhjgi. Mjtrm htrgs, qum bgy 6.2>>.>>>pgrgaugyhs/gs mj ehjdlelhjms dm phfrmzg, sihbgy 23>> gsgigrlgdhs, dm ihs eugims 562.426jh agjgj jl slqulmrg mi sgigrlh `jl`h, y qummjtrm mi >> sm emrrgrhj eugtrhelmjtgsm`prmsgs y sm pmrdlmrhj 7= li pumsths dm trg-fgkh. GFE >6.>=.>4p62

CJEIg dlrlamjelg dm ig Cmdmrgelj Jgelhjgi Eg`-pmsljg -CJE- mxlal gi Ahflmrjh qum th`m ujgdmcljlelj shfrm mi tm`g dm ig ljdustrlgilzg-elj dmi giahdj pgrg mi 62 dm gyh prxl`h,y rmgilzgr htrh pigjtmg`lmjth flmj dlcmrmjtm gsu prhymeth getugi dm rmchr`g dm ig fgjeg p-fileg.

Mi tltuigr dm ig CJE, Hdlij Mspjhig, dlkh qumms egsl uj uitl`tu`, y sl jh bgy gvgjems miAhflmrjh mstgr dm`hstrgjdh su cgitg dm ljtm-rs phr su tgj prh`helhjgdh dlihah, y pumdm


10/42


`gyh6>>47>

`htlvgr `hvlilzgelhjms phr pgrtm dm ig hrag-jlzgelj eg`pmsljg pgrg dmcmjdmr sus rmlvlj-dlegelhjms. IJ 6>.>=.>4p76

Emreg dm 6.>>> eg`pmsljhs garupgdhs mj ig

CJE dm Egjljdmy mxlamj gi Ahflmrjh dmJlegjhr Dugrtm Cruths tlmrrgs pgrg ujgs 5.>>>cg`lilgs emjsgdgs. Mi LFV ihegi jh dlh smg-ims dm vldg durgjtm uj dmfgtm rmgilzgdh mj igeludgd dm Euruaugty. Ihs eg`pmsljhs prhvm-jlmjtms dm ihs dlstrlths dm Ugith dmi Auglr,Ehrpus Ebrlstl, Sliig \agtl`l, \gsy Egy yEuruaugty `grebgrhj mi pgsgdh 6> dm `gyhdmsdm ig pigzg ùjlelpgi bgstg mi Emjtrh Eh-ùjltgrlh, ehj mi hfkmth dm chrzgr ig imagilzg-

elj dm tlmrrgs pgrg ujgs 5.>>> cg`lilgs dm igrmalj. Ihs dlrlamjtms Buah @mjdhzg y Sl-dgi Fmrjgi, dm ig CJE, gfrlmrhj mi dmfgtm mxl-almjdh ujg `gyhr gtmjelj dmi Ahflmrjh bg-elg ihs eg`pmsljhs hragjlzgdhs qum egrmemjdm tlmrrgs pgrg ljemjtlvgr ig rmgetlvgelj dm igprhdueelj garehig y mi dmsgrrhiih ljdustrlgi,utlilzgjdh ihs rmeurshs dlsphjlfims mj mi pgs.Ig getltud dm ihs rmsphjsgfims dmi LFV ihegi,qum jh gpgrmelmrhj phr mi iuagr, amjmr mi rm-pudlh dm ihs prmsmjtms. GFE 67.>=.>4p66

Ig CJE jh gphygr jljaj rmarmsh gi pgs, jlgeh`pggr ljtmjth giaujh dm dmsmstgflilzg-elj, geigr @grelgi A`mz, dlrlamjtm dm ighragjlzgelj, mj rmcmrmjelg g Iljh Hvlmdh.Jhshtrhs jh gyudgrm`hs dm jljaujg `gjmrgy ùebh `mjhs gpggjdh g mstm smhr. Ihsehjhem`hs flmj, i ms mi prljelpgi rmsphjsg-fim dmi qumfrgjtg`lmjth dm ig ljstltuelhjgil-dgd dm jumstrh pgs mj 7=.>4p76

Hragjlzgelhjms shelgims@hvlilzgelhjms y prhtmstgs smrj ihs prljel-pgims rmeurshs dm igs 41 hragjlzgelhjms shelg-

ims dm ig ljlelgtlvg pgrgaugyg ehjtrg mi GIEG,qum mi dg 6= dm gyh dlh ljlelh g ig eg`pgg6>>4. Mi hjsmhr Hsegr mz Agremtm, dm ig^gsthrgi Uhelgi dm ig Laimslg Egtileg, pldl gihs imalsigdhrms y gi smethr phitleh mj amjmrgiqum th`mj ehjelmjelg dm ih qum suphjmj pgrgmi pgs ihs geumrdhs eh`mrelgims, gi tlm`ph qumsgiud ig ermgelj dm ig eh`lslj fleg`mrgidm smaul`lmjth dmi GIEG, prmsldldg phr igsmjgdhrg ehihrgdg Gjg Claumrmdh. IJ63.>=.>4p7>

Vmalhjgims

Ugj ^mdrh]jg `grebg dm 2> oli`mtrhs, qum smr eu-flmrtg mj 6 dgs, prmpgrgj pgrg ihs dgs 75 y 74dm `gyh ihs ljtmargjtms dm ig eh`lslj dmpgr-tg`mjtgi ^hr ig vldg y ig shfmrgjg, eh`-pumstg phr guthrldgdms y igs cumrzgs vlvgs dmUgj mdrh. Mi prmsldmjtm dm ig eh`lslj, KhsImdms`g, ljtmjdmjtm dm Augygyf, mxpile qumig eg`ljgtg sgidr dm Amjmrgi Vmsquj m lr

bgstg mi eruem Tgeugrg, pgrg dm`hstrgr gi rms-th dmi pgs mi rmebgzh qum tlmjm ig amjtm dmUgj ^mdrh ehjtrg ig ljvgslj frgslimg y mieuitlvh dm shkg mj mi dmpgrtg`mjth. Mstj lj-vhiuergdhs vgrlhs smethrms shelgims y eg`pm-sljhs qum mstj sljtlmjdh ihs rlahrms dm ig`gslvg cu`lagelj ehj garhtxlehs, sltugeljqum trgm eh`h ehjsmeumjelg mi qum ehihjlgsmjtmrgs vgygj dmsgpgrmelmjdh ehj mi ljarmshdm ihs frgslimhs qum eh`prgj tlmrrgs, dmsdm7> bmetrmgs, ih qum hfilag g ihs pgrgaugyhs gm`largr bgelg igs eludgdms. ]B >=.>=.>4p72

Mj mi ^grgaugy sm vlhigj imyms y dmrmebhsbu`gjhs eh`h, phr mkm`pih, mi dmrmebh dmihs eg`pmsljhs dm phsmmr tlmrrgs pgrg prhdu-elr, mi dmrmebh g ig smaurldgd gil`mjtgrlg, g igmduegelj y g ig sgiud, mxprmsgrhj ihs rmprm-smjtgjtms dm dlstljtgs hragjlzgelhjms eg`pm-sljgs y shelgims qum pgrtlelpgrhj dmi ^rl`mrChrh dm Gjilsls dmi @hdmih dm ^rhdueelj

mj jumstrh pgs. Gi cljgi dm ig khrjgdg smjtg-rhj igs fgsms pgrg ihargr ig ujldgd dm ihs sme-


11/42


`gyh6>>4 77

thrms hragjlzgdhs dmi dmpgrtg`mjth dm Ugj^mdrh. Mi `hdmih dm prhdueelj cum ujh dmihs tm`gs prljelpgims dmfgtldhs mj mi Chrh qumsm rmgilz mi pgsgdh 66 dm gyh mj Ugj mdrhdm \eug`gjdyy, ehj gphyh dm ig Dlemslsdm Ugj mdrh. GFE 64.>=.>4p7.>=.>4p65

@EDHEDlrlamjtms dm ig @msg Ehhrdljgdhrg Dmpgrtg-`mjtgi dm Hragjlzgelhjms Eg`pmsljgs -@E-DHE- dmjujelgrhj ig dmchrmstgelj gslvg dm4.>>> bmetrmgs dm fhsqums mj mi gsmjtg`lmj-th dm Grrhylth y ^gsh Tukg -mx mstgjelg Aug-

ygyf- (Bhrqumtg-Ehjempelj). Ig eltgdg prh-plmdgd mst uflegdg g ujhs 6> oli`mtrhs dmig rutg S Argi. Fmrjgrdljh Egfgiimrh, y rmelmj-tm`mjtm cum gdqulrldg phr uj frgslimh pgrgeuitlvh dm shkg. Mi dlrlamjtm dm ig hragjlzg-elj Mivlh Trlah `gjlcmst qum ihs trgfgkhsdm dmchrmstgelj sm ljlelgrhj mi 63 dm gfrli ymstuvlmrhj g egrah dm ujgs =>> pmrshjgs. GFE>1.>=.>4p51

[hjgims

Ig Ehhrdljgdhrg dm sljtlmrrgs dmi G`g`fgy

g`mjgz ehj emrrgr ig Vutg = Argi. Fmrjgr-dljh Egfgiimrh, sl ms qum mi Ahflmrjh dm Jl-egjhr Dugrtm Cruths jh shiuelhjg mi prhfim`gdm ig cgitg dm tlmrrgs mj mstg zhjg dmi pgs. Miarm`lh, qum gaih`mrg g vgrlhs aruphs dm ig-frlmahs, gclr` gi ahfmrjgdhr dmi G`g`fgy,Vhfmrth Gemvmdh, qum yg mstj egjsgdhs dmmspmrgr mj vgjh mi guxlilh dmi Ahflmrjh jg-elhjgi, y im dlmrhj uj uitl`tu` pgrg phjmrpujth cljgi g ig prhfim`tleg gargrlg, egshehjtrgrlh eigusurgrj mstm iujms 71 phr tlm`-

ph ljdmcljldh ig prljelpgi rutg dm mstg eludgd.Ihs igfrlmahs shj rmprmsmjtgjtms dm `s 71>cg`lilgs, y mspmrgj rmujlrsm ehj ig eh`lsljdm Flmjmstgr Vurgi dm ig E`grg dm Dlputg-dhs pgrg trgtgr dm iimagr g uj geumrdh. IJ74.>=.>4p5


12/42


`gyh6>>476

@GJLCMUTGELHJMU

^rhtmstgs pgrg rmeig`gr tlmrrg y `mdlh

g`flmjtm sgjh]j aruph dm gprhxl`gdg`mjtm 7=> eg`pmsljhs slj tlmrrg fih-

qum mi pgsgdh 3 dm `gyh ig rutg 2 Figs Agrgy, g ig giturg dmi

dmsvh g \gtglty, dmpgrtg`mjth dm Auglr. Mi aruph pmrtmjmem g

ig eh`lslj 6< dm Umtlm`frm dm ^htrmrh Smjmags, dmi dlstrlth dm

\gtglty, ljtmargjtm dm ig Hragjlzgelj dm Iuebg phr ig Tlmrrg -

HIT- , g ig vmz ljtmargjtm dm ig @EJHE. Ihs `gjlcmstgjtms smmjeumjtrgj geg`pgdhs dmsdm msm dg gi ehstgdh dm ig rutg, mxl-

almjdh gi Ahflmrjh ig prmsmjelg dmi `ljlstrh dmi @GA, Gjthjlh

Lfmz, y dmi tltuigr Mrleh Lfmz. ^hr htrh igdh, gprhxl`gdg-

`mjtm =>> eg`pmsljhs sg`pmdrgjhs eh`mjzgrhj mi pgsgdh 77

dm `gyh ujg eg`ljgtg dmjh`ljgdg @grebg phr ig vldg y ig

shfmrgjg, qum rmehrrl 2> o`, pgrg prhtmstgr ehjtrg mi ush

`gslvh dm pmstleldgs qum pmrkudlegj ig sgiud dm ig amjtm y mi

`mdlh g`flmjtm. Ig grebg sm ljlel mj Amjmrgi Vmsquj phr igrutg 5 y iima gi eruem Tgeugrg, dhjdm eui`lj ehj uj argj geth.

Ig prhtmstg cum hragjlzgdg phr ig Ehhrdljgdhrg phr ig Sldg y ig

Uhfmrgjg dmi Dmpgrtg`mjth dm Ugj ^mdrh.

Sgrlgs hragjlzgelhjms eg`pmsljgs rmgilzgrhj prhtmstgs y `hvlilzgelhjms mstm `ms (chth dm greblvh)


13/42


`gyh6>>4 75

]j aruph dm gprhxl`gdg`mjtm 7=> eg`-pmsljhs slj tlmrrg fihqum mi pgsgdh 3 dm

`gyh ig rutg 2 Figs Agrgy, g ig giturg dmi dms-vh g \gtglty -Auglr-, mxlalmjdh g ihs trgjs-phrtlstgs uj pmgkm vhiujtgrlh pgrg phdmr pg-sgr phr mi iuagr. Mi aruph pmrtmjmem g ig eh`l-slj 6< dm Umtlm`frm dm ^htrmrh Smjmags, dmidlstrlth dm \gtglty, ljtmargjtm dm ig Hragjlzg-elj dm Iuebg phr ig Tlmrrg -HIT- , g ig vmzljtmargjtm dm ig @EJHE. Ihs `gjlcmstgjtmssm mjeumjtrgj geg`pgdhs dmsdm msm dg gi ehs-tgdh dm ig rutg, mxlalmjdh gi Ahflmrjh ig prm-smjelg dmi ljlstrh dmi @GA, Gjthjlh Lfmz,y dmi tltuigr Mrleh Lfmz, pgrg pmdlrims shiu-elj g su shileltud dm eh`prg dm 3>> bmet-

rmgs dm ujg prhplmdgd prlvgdg pmrtmjmelmjtm gSethr Egrhjl, uflegdg mj ^htrmrh Smjmags, gujhs 4 oli`mtrhs dmi iuagr dmi elmrrm. Mi prh-plmtgrlh mst dm geumrdh ehj jmahelgr sus tlm-rrgs, smaj ihs eg`pmsljhs. DJ >1.>=.>4 p=

]jhs 7>> eg`pmsljhs geg`pgdhs g ujehstgdh dm ig rutg 2 Figs Agrgy, trg`h

Sliigrrleg- Ejmi. Hvlmdh, dmjh`ljgdh eruem

\gtgyty dmi Auglr, fihqumgrhj jumvg`mjtmig rutg phr vgrlgs bhrgs. Ig `mdldg sm imvgjttrgs ig ljtmrvmjelj dmi ahfmrjgdhr dmi Augl-r, Mstmfgj Thrrms, qulmj sm ehjstltuy mj miiuagr y dlgiha ehj ihs `gjlcmstgjtms. Ihseg`pmsljhs ljtmargjtms dmi hvl`lmjth 6< dmUmtlm`frm, gclilgdh g ig @EJHE, rmeig`gjujg crgeelj dm tmrrmjh dm 4=3 bmetrmgs qummj prljelplh mrg dm prhplmdgd dm ihs EgrhjlFgrrlhs y getugi`mjtm dm Egrihs Buah Gichj-sh. Mi prhplmtgrlh dm ig cljeg gempt jmahelgrujg pgremig dm bgstg 7>> bmetrmgs. Mi LFV smeh`prh`mtl g rmgilzgr ig `mjsurg pgrg dm-tmetgr eugiqulmr mxemdmjtm.IJ 62.>=.>4 p56

Gprhxl`gdg`mjtm =>> eg`pmsljhs sg`-pmdrgjhs eh`mjzgrhj mi pgsgdh 77 dm

`gyh ujg eg`ljgtg dmjh`ljgdg @grebg phrig vldg y ig shfmrgjg, qum rmehrrl 2> o`,pgrg prhtmstgr ehjtrg mi ush gslvh dm pmstlel-

dgs qum pmrkudlegj ig sgiud dm ig amjtm y mi`mdlh g`flmjtm. Ig `grebg sm ljlel mj Am-

jmrgi Vmsquj phr ig rutg 5 y iima gi eruemTgeugrg, dhjdm eui`lj ehj uj argj geth. Igprhtmstg cum hragjlzgdg phr ig Ehhrdljgdhrgphr ig Sldg y ig Uhfmrgjg dmi Dmpgrtg`mjthdm Ugj ^mdrh. Ihs `gjlcmstgjtms sm lfgj su-`gjdh g ih igrah dm ig eg`ljgtg. Ig @grebgphr ig Sldg y ig Uhfmrgjg rmgilzgdg mj mstmdmpgrtg`mjth cum shih mi ljlelh dm ujg igragiuebg qum ihs sg`pmdrgjhs mstj dlspumsths giimvgr gdmigjtm, ljdlegrhj. Mj ihs dhs itl`hsdgs ig pgrtlelpgelj iima g su`gr mjtrm 7.=>>y 6.>>> pmrshjgs. Ig ehhrdljgdhrg eh`mjz gehjvmrsgr ehj rmprmsmjtgjtms dm Ltgpg, Eg-gaugz, Gith grgj, @lslhjms, Eggzgp, Augl-r, Ehrdliimrg, Ehjempelj y htrhs dmpgrtg`mj-

ths tg`flj gcmetgdhs phr ig ljeurslj mxtrgj-kmrg y ihs euitlvhs mxtmjslvhs qum iimvgj ehj-slah mi gu`mjth dmi ush dm garhtxlehs. Ig ldmgms ehjchr`gr ujg jueimgelj jleg pgrg mj-crmjtgr ig `ls`g prhfim`tleg. Mstg `grebgeui`lj mi 74 dm `gyh mj Tgeugrg. ]B 76.>=.>4p67/]B 7=.>=.>4 p62.

Mj uj uitltudljgrlh geth dm eigusurg dm

ig @grebg pgtrltleg dm 1> oli`mtrhs,mi `hjsmhr Cmrjgjdh Iuah `gjlcmst qumjumstrh pgs jh mst mj vmjtg eh`h sl cumrgujg `mregjeg. Bg ljstgdh g ig eludgdgjg gdmcmjdmr ig shfmrgjg dmi ^grgaugy y ig vldgdm sus bgfltgjtms. Ig `grebg sm ljlel mj Am-jmrgi Vmsquj y eui`lj mj mi eruem Tgeugrg.Ig eigusurg dm ig `grebg rmujl g ujgs 5.>>>pmrshjgs gprhxl`gdg`mjtm. GFE 7=.>=.>4 p6>

]j aruph dm 5=> eg`pmsljhs fihqumphr vgrlgs bhrgs ig rutg =, mj ig giturg dm

ig ehihjlg Eblrlamih, g 6= o` dm ^mdrh KugjEgfgiimrh -G`g`fgy-. Ig prhtmstg sm blzh pgrgprmslhjgr gi Ljstltuth dm Flmjmstgr Vurgi -LFV-pgrg galilzgr igs `mdlelhjms dm vgrlhs tmrrm-jhs qum tlmjmj mxemdmjtms. Ihs igfrlmahs gclr-`grhj mstgr egjsgdhs dm smr `gjhsmgdhs phrihs gamjtms dmi Ahflmrjh. Wumrm`hs qum mi prm-sldmjtm dmi LFV, Mrleh Lfmz, qulmj egdg 7>

dgs vlgkg g ig ihegildgd dm Ugj ^mdrh, tg`-flj vmjag g vlsltgrjhs, g vmr ig erudg rmgil-


14/42


`gyh6>>474

dgd qum pgsgj ihs eg`pmsljhs mj ig zhjg dm igcrhjtmrg, ljdlegrhj. Ihs igfrlmahs, gsl`ls`h,ljchr`grhj qum eh`prhfgrhj qum mxlstmj vg-rlhs mxemdmjtms dm tlmrrg mj mi dmpgrtg`mjthdm G`g`fgy, y qulmrmj qum mi LFV rmgilem ig`mjsurg. IJ 63.>=.>4 p56

Ihs eg`pmsljhs imvgjtgrhj mi elmrrm dm ig rutg=, trgs dhs dgs dm fihqumh, g ehjdlelj dm qummi tltuigr dmi LFV, Mrleh Lfmz, vmjag g dlg-ihagr dmjtrh dm uj pigzh qum vmjem mi 57 dm

`gyh. Ul jh gpgrmem, emrrgrj jumvg`mjtm igrmcmrldg grtmrlg, pmrh mstg vmz phr tlm`ph lj-dmcljldh, ljdlegrhj trgs ig dmeigrgelj dm trm-aug. Ihs igfrlmahs shstlmjmj phsmmr dheu`mj-ths qum eh`prumfgj ig argj egjtldgd dm tlm-rrgs mj mxemdmjtm qum mxlstm mj mstg rmalj, yqum getugi`mjtm sm mjeumjtrgj mj phdmr dm mx-trgjkmrhs qum jl slqulmrg vlvmj mj jumstrh pgs.IJ 62.>=.>4 p57/]B 62.>=.>4 p5


15/42


`gyh6>>4 7=

Mi Ahflmrjh pgrgaugyh, g trgvs dmi @ljlstmrlh dm Garleuiturg y

Agjgdmrg, gpgrmjtm`mjtm mst fusegjdh vgrlgs mstrgtmalgs pgrg

trgfgkgr mclegz`mjtm mj mi smethr rurgi. Mj msm smjtldh, smaj mi

`ljlstrh dm mstg egrtmrg, Gjthjlh Lfmz, smr prh`uiagdg mj

frmvm ujg imy pgrg dls`ljulr bgstg uj 6>% mi pgah dm l`pumsths

g ihs qum trgfgkmj ehj ihs eg`pmsljhs pgrgaugyhs mj sus rms-

pmetlvgs cljegs. Umaj ljchr`grhj, mi Ahflmrjh gjgilzg ig phsl-flildgd dm rmprhduelr mj thdh mi pgs ig `mthdhihag `mjhjltg

dm ehhpmrgelj vmeljgi, euyh prljelpgi hfkmtlvh ms crmjgr igs

heupgelhjms y htrgs geelhjms cruth dm ig erlsls qum vlvm mi garh,

`mdlgjtm ig mjtrmag dm igs bmrrg`lmjtgs jmemsgrlgs pgrg mimvgr

mj chr`g ljtmargi mi jlvmi dm vldg dm ihs vmeljhs/gs. ^mrh igs

prh`msgs y igs prhpumstgs shj vgrlgs, htrg dm miigs ms mi pigj dm

rmgetlvgelj mehj`leg. Mstm prhymeth prmsmjtgdh phr mi ^hdmr

Mkmeutlvh sm fgsg mj mi eg`flh dm ig vlslj dm pgsgarhmxphrtgdhr, ehj ih eugi sm fuseg qum ig prhdueelj amjmrm g

su vmz gjh dm hfrg y uj gyhr vgihr garmagdh. Gjthjlh Lfmz

ljdle qum eh`h rmsuitgdh dm mstm eg`flh dm hdmih mehj`leh

sm prmtmjdm giegjzgr uj ermel`lmjth mehj`leh dm 3%, qum g su

vmz amjmrgr 2>.>>> jumvhs pumsths igfhrgims.

LJUTLT]ELHJMUHCLELGIMU

Ulaumj igs prh`msgs pgrg mi eg`ph

Mi Ahflmrjh rmfgkgr ihs l`pumsths g ihs qum trgfgkmj ehj eg`pmsljhs/gs mj sus rmspmetlvgs cljegs, ljdlegrhj.


16/42


`gyh6>>473

@GA]jg imy pgrg dls`ljulr bgstg uj 6>% mi pgahdm l`pumsths g ihs qum trgfgkmj ehj ihs eg`-

pmsljhs pgrgaugyhs mj sus rmspmetlvgs cljegssmr prhùiagdg mj frmvm, gjujel mi tltuigrdmi @ljlstmrlh dm Garleuiturg y Agjgdmrg -@GA-. Mi ljchr`m smgig qum ig imy cgvhrmem-rg g ihs `mjhjltgs, qulmjms pgrtlelpgrhj dmujg khrjgdg rmgilzgdg mj Kugj @gjumi Cruths-Eggaugz- shfrm slm`frg dlrmetg y rmeupmrg-elj dm sumihs, dmstljgdg g pmqumhs prhdue-thrms, ehj prmsmjelg dmi smermtgrlh dm Mstgdh,qulmj gi rmcmrlrsm g ihs `mjhjltgs dmstge qumshj trgfgkgdhrms y qum mstgfgj mj ig rmujlj

pgrg hcrmemr gslstmjelg tejleg m ljeiuslvm erm-dltlelg dmjtrh dm prhymeths shildgrlhs. IJ>5.>=.>4 p77/DJ >5.>=.>4 p73

Mi Ahflmrjh gjgilzg ig phslflildgd dm rmprh-duelr mj thdh mi pgs ig mthdhihag mjhjltgdm ehhpmrgelj vmeljgi, euyh prljelpgi hfkm-tlvh ms crmjgr igs heupgelhjms y htrgs geelh-jms cruth dm ig erlsls qum vlvm mi garh, mdlgj-tm ig mjtrmag dm igs bmrrg`lmjtgs jmemsgrlgspgrg mimvgr mj chr`g ljtmargi mi jlvmi dm vldgdm ihs vmeljhs/gs. Mi prhymeth `mjhjltg smsustmjtg mj ig mduegelj eh`h ljstru`mjthpgrg ihargr mi eg`flh dm `mjtgildgd dmi eg`-pmsljgdh, ljdlegrhj. DJ 7>.>=.>4 p3.>>> bmetrmgs. ^grgaugy jh msguthsuclelmjtm mj sm`liigs dm giahdj dmsdmprljelplhs dm ig degdg dmi , y dmsdm mjthj-ems egdg gh l`phrtg `gtmrlgims amjtlehs,prljelpgi`mjtm dm Gramjtljg y Frgsli. IJ>=.>=.>4 p77

Ig `mtg pgrg ig prxl`g eg`pgg giahdhjmrggpujtg g 5=>.>>> bmetrmgs, qum rmprmsmjtgrgujg mxpgjslj dm =>.>>> bmetrmgs. Ul sm eu`-pim mi hfkmtlvh, ig prhdueelj supmrgr 4>>.>>>

thjmigdgs. Gs ih gjujel mi @GA, g `s dmrgtlclegr qum mi Mstgdh jh mst mj ehjdlelhjmsdm vhivmr g eh`prgr sm`liigs y sufsldlgr. Igprhdueelj getugi ms dm 5>>.>>> thjmigdgs. IJ>3.>=.>4 p7>

Mi Ahflmrjh jh gemptg ihs pigzhs qum prmtmj-dmj l`phjmr igs hragjlzgelhjms eg`pmsljgspgrg rmshivmr sus rmeig`hs dm tlmrrg, smgi mi`ljlstrh dmi @GA, Gjthjlh Lfmz. Mi Ah-flmrjh sm `gjtlmjm mj su phslelj dm rmeurrlrgi dlihah y gi ehjsmjsh, mxpile mi tltuigr dmi@GA. GFE >3.>=.>4 p66

Mi eh`lt dm mvgiugelj tejleg dm ig dlrme-elj dm sm`liigs -Dlsm-, gprhf ihs 4 prl`m-

rhs `gtmrlgims trgjsajlehs dm shkg dm ig m`-prmsg trgjsjgelhjgi @hjsgjth mj jhvlm`frmpgsgdh, pmrh dmsdm mjthjems mi @GA jh m`l-tm ig rmshiuelj shfrm mi gsujth phrqum ihsgfhagdhs dm ig gsmshrg kurdleg jh sm mxpl-dmj. Ms dmelr, ig @hjsgjth tlmjm mi vlsth fum-jh tejleh dmi @GA, pmrh kurdleg`mjtm jhmst rmsumith sl sm ilfmrg h jh mi ush dm igs sm-`liigs. Ig @hjsgjth, `lmjtrgs tgjth, slaumjmahelgjdh ehj igs m`prmsgs garhmxphrtgdh-

rgs mi slstm`g dm ehfrh phr mi ush dm su tmejh-ihag. IJ >1.>=.>4 p77

Umaj mi ljlstrh dmi @GA, Gjthjlh Lfmz,mi pigj dm rmgetlvgelj mehj`leg prmsmjtgdhphr mi ^hdmr Mkmeutlvh sm fgsg mj mi eg`flhdm ig vlslj dm pgs garhmxphrtgdhr, ehj ih eugism fuseg qum ig prhdueelj amjmrm g su vmz`gjh dm hfrg y uj gyhr vgihr garmagdh. Lf-mz ljdle qum eh`h rmsuitgdh dm mstm eg`-flh dm `hdmih mehj`leh sm prmtmjdm giegj-

zgr uj ermel`lmjth mehj`leh dm 3%, qum gsu vmz amjmrgr 2>.>>> jumvhs pumsths igfh-rgims. Mi pigj dm rmgetlvgelj qum pigjtmg miAhflmrjh prmv ujg smrlm dm cumjtms dm ljvmr-slj qum gphrtgrgj 2=> liihjms dm digrms yqum prhvmjdrgj dmi Ljstltuth dm ^rmvlsljUhelgi -LÛ-, Fhisg dm Sgihrms, ljarmshs gdl-elhjgims amjmrgdhs phr igs fljgelhjgims bldrh-mietrlegs y rmeurshs prhvmjlmjtms dm ihs hr-agjls`hs ùitligtmrgims. G msth sm su`gj 6>>`liihjms dm digrms pgrg gtgegr ihs prhfim`gsshelgims. DJ 7>.>=.>4 p76


17/42


`gyh6>>4 71

Mi Ahflmrjh prhvmmr ujhs =>>.>>> `liihjmsdm augrgjms pgrg ig cljgjelgelj dm ig tm`-phrgdg garehig vmjldmrg, gjujel mi ljlstrhdmi @GA, Gjthjlh Lfmz. Mj mstm eleih smdgr mspmelgi gtmjelj gi giahdj y sm phtmj-elgrj htrhs rufrhs gitmrjgtlvhs eh`h ig `gj-dlheg, mi ssg`h y mi trtgah, mxpile mi smerm-tgrlh dm Mstgdh. Ihs chjdhs mstgrj dlsphjl-fims mj ihs hragjls`hs cljgjelmrhs dmi smethrpfileh, qum shj mi Erdlth Garehig dm Bgfl-iltgelj -EGB-, Chjdh dm Dmsgrrhiih Eg`pm-sljh -CDE- y mi Fgjeh Jgelhjgi dm Ch`mjth-FJC-, dm geumrdh g igs `mtgs prhpumstgs, lj-dle. Lfmz sm rmujl mj su dmspgebh ehj ihsrmsphjsgfims dm msgs mjtldgdms, ehj qulmjms

gjgilz ihs hfkmtlvhs, pmrh jh cum dmcljldg igchr`g dm dlstrlfuelj dmi dljmrh dlsphjlfim.IJ 72.>=.>4 p76/DJ72.>=.>4 p74

Durgjtm uj mjeumjtrh mjtrm prhduethrms dm@gyhr Htgh (Ltgpg) y guthrldgdms dm Garl-euiturg, mi tltuigr dm ig egrtmrg dmi rg`h, Gjth-

jlh Lfmz, sufrgy qum ihs ymrfgims sm rm-`gtgrhj pgrg dgr pgsh g jumvhs euitlvhs dmshkg, y gbhrg dmfm`hs m`pmzgr dm emrh. Mj mimjeumjtrh, mi smermtgrlh dm Mstgdh tg`fljljst g ihs prhduethrms g `gjtmjmrsm ujldhspgrg mjcrmjtgr prhfim`gs dmi ehjtrgfgjdh.]stmdms shj ihs rmsphjsgfims dm sus prhplhsljtmrmsms, jh qumrg`hs mebgrim thdg ig rmsphj-sgflildgd gi Mstgdh, dlkh cljgi`mjtm mi tltuigrdmi @GA. ]B 63.>=.>4 p7=

Ig Mstgelj Mxpmrl`mjtgi dmi Ebgeh Emjtrgi-MMEE-, uj eh`pimkh alagjtm dm ljvmstlageljgargrlg, smr rmgetlvgdg ehj flmjms dm ^rhdm-ebgeh y ehjvmrtldg mj uj Emjtrh Garhrrurgi -

EGV-, gjujel mi `ljlstrh dmi @GA, Gjth-jlh Lfmz, durgjtm ujg vlsltg rmgilzgdg g dl-ebh ihegi kujth g ihs ahfmrjgdhrms dm ^rmsl-dmjtm Bgyms y Fhqumrj, Lsldrh Vhussliij yDgvld Ugwgtzoy, rmspmetlvg`mjtm, gdm`s dmihs ehdlrmethrms dm ^rhdmebgeh, GimssgjdrhFheehil y Dgrh @geebl. ]B 6>.>4.>= p66

Mi Ahflmrjh prhvmmr ujhs =>>.>>> `liihjms dm augrgjms pgrg ig cljgjelgelj dm ig tm`phrgdg garehigvmjldmrg, gjujel mi `ljlstrh dmi @GA, Gjthjlh Lfmz.


18/42


`gyh6>>472

LFV]j geumrdh prmil`ljgr mjtrm mi prmsldmjtm dmiLjstltuth dm Flmjmstgr Vurgi -LFV-, Mrleh Lf-mz, y idmrms dm ig eh`lslj vmeljgi dm Ugjtg

Vhsg dmi Gaugrgy Ugj ^mdrh-, pmr`ltlr igeh`prg dm uj ljùmfim dm ig mx \gaugrmtChrmst pgrg hthragrih pgrg su ehihjlzgelj gcg`lilgs eg`pmsljgs dm ig zhjg. Mi geumrdh cumclr`gdh phr lm`frhs dm ig eh`lslj vmeljgidm Ugjtg Vhsg dmi Gaugrgy, @grelgi Gehstg yVg`j Ahjzimz, kujtg`mjtm ehj mi prmsldmj-tm dmi LFV, Mrleh Lfmz. IJ >5.>=.>4 p7=

]jhs 6>> garleuithrms dm ihs dlstrlths dm Fm-ij, \fyygu, Ihrmth, Ugj Izgrh y Bhrqumtg

-Ehjempelj-, rmelflmrhj mi ttuih dm prhplm-dgd dm sus tlmrrgs, mj uj geth rmgilzgdh mj misgij ùjlelpgi dm Bhrqumtg, ehj ig prmsmj-elg dmi prmsldmjtm dmi LFV, Mrleh Lfmz. Mjig hphrtujldgd tg`flj bgfliltgrhj ihs eg`-phs ehùjgims pgrg igs eh`pggs dm Jgrgj-kgty, Emrrlth Ththrg y Egpltj Uhsg. GFE>1.>=.>4p66

Mi prmsldmjtm dmi LFV, Mrleh Lfmz, rmsphj-dmr g ihs aruphs dm eg`pmsljhs qum prmtmj-dmj qum sm ims hthraumj tlmrrgs mj ig zhjg dmidmpgrtg`mjth dmi Auglr, iumah dm `gjtmjmrujg ehjvmrsgelj ehj ihs prhplmtgrlhs dm ihstmrrmjhs prmtmjdldhs. Lfmz shileltgr g ihsdumhs qum vmjdgj phr ih `mjhs 7>> bmet-rmgs dm sus prhplmdgdms, sl ms qum jh mxlstmjmxemdmjtms. Gi tlm`ph dm rmltmrgr qum mi Ah-flmrjh jh pmr`ltlr ig heupgelj dm igs tlm-rrgs, prh`mtl iimvgr ig `mdlgelj dm ihs tm-rrmjhs mj mi trgjseursh dm ihs prxl`hs dgs.Ihs eg`pmsljhs, phr su pgrtm, prh`mtlmrhj sus-pmjdmr mi elmrrm dm rutgs mj ig zhjg. IJ75.>=.>4p77

Trms mqulphs ehjchr`gdhs phr cujelhjgrlhsdmi LFV mstj fusegjdh ihtms gfgjdhjgdhsdmjtrh dm ihs gsmjtg`lmjths eg`pmsljhs, g cljdm rmuflegr mj msths tmrrmjhs g eg`pmsljhs qumrmeig`gj tlmrrgs. Mi prmsldmjtm dm ig mjtldgd,Lja. Mrleh Lfmz, mxpile qum ig ljchr`geljgemreg dm msths ihtms pumdm mstgr dlsphjlfim

Mi LFV jmahelg ig eh`prg dm vgrlgs tlmrrgs pgrg ig chr`gelj dm jumvhs gsmjtg`lmjths

dmfldh g ig prmslj dm igs hragjlzgelhjms eg`pmsljgs.


19/42


`gyh6>>4 74p6>/ DJ 7=.>4p5

Mi Mstgdh pigjmg eh`prgr 5>.>>> bmetrmgs dmtlmrrg mj mi gh 6>>=. Mi LFV pigjlcle ig ermg-elj dm 72 gsmjtg`lmjths jumvhs. @lmjtrgs,sm pmdlr pgrg mstm gh ujg g`pilgelj prmsu-pumstgrlg pgrg ig gdqulslelj dm uj thtgi dm7=.>>> bmetrmgs, g clj dm gtmjdmr ihs pmdldhs`s uramjtms. Mrleh Lfmz, prmsldmjtm dmiLFV, mxpile qum mi prharg`g dm geelj prmvig gdqulslelj dm ujg supmrclelm sl`ligr pgrgmi 6>>3. Umaj mi cujelhjgrlh aufmrjg`mjtgi,

mstgs prhplmdgdms ljtmjtgrj pgilgr ihs egshs`s uramjtms. GFE 73.>=.>4p65

Ig prl`mrg vmrlclegelj dm prhplmdgdms mjtrm-agdgs g eg`pmsljhs, rmgilzgdg phr cujelhjg-rlhs dmi LFV, uflegdgs mj ig zhjg dm Ig chrtu-jg y @grg Guxlilgdhrg -Gith ^grgj-, grrhkg-rhj eh`h rmsuitgdh ig mxlstmjelg dm giqulimrdm prhplmdgdms phr pgrtm dm ihs fmjmclelgrlhspgrgaugyhs g frgslimhs. Ig ljchr`gelj cumprhphrelhjgdg phr Kuilh Ebvmz, dmslajgdh

rmsphjsgfim dm iimvgr gdmigjtm mi trgfgkh dmvmrlclegelj mj msg zhjg, qulmj gdmigjt qumhtrg dm igs lrrmauigrldgdms dmtmetgdgs cum igujlclegelj dm ihtms ehjemdldhs mj uj shih t-tuih g prhplmtgrlhs pgrgaugyhs y frgslimhs.Ig vmrlclegelj dm ig prhplmdgd sm rmalstrg vl-sltgjdh ihtm phr ihtm, dm geumrdh gi pigjh hrl-aljgi dmi gsmjtg`lmjth u heupgelj. Um rmals-trg arcleg`mjtm g sus heupgjtms getugims yigs ehjdlelhjms dm trgfgkh mxlstmjtms mj mi prm-dlh, sl sm eumjtg ehj euitlvh `megjlzgdh hgarehig cg`lilgr. IJ 7=.>4p `li digrms, ehj igs `mkhrgs lj-trhdueldgs. Mi LFV tg`flj ehjermt ig eh`-prg dm tlmrrgs dm Dgvld Kgj, mj \gaugrmt Ch-rmst, pgrg eg`pmsljhs sljtlmrrg dm Ugj ^mdrh,qum laugi`mjtm sm `hvlilzgrhj phr uj iuagr

dhjdm vlvlr. Gbhrg mj mi LFV sm pigjlclegr igpgremigelj dm ig tlmrrg, qum tmjdr gaug, mime-trleldgd y eg`ljhs. ]jg vmz qum mi trgfgkh smgdmigjtm sm ehjvmrsgr ehj igs eh`lslhjmsvmeljgims pgrg mi ljarmsh. Mstg eh`ujldgd smmjeumjtrg g 3> o`. dm Ugjtg Vhsg, mj Ugj^mdrh. ]B 6=.>4p57/IJ 6=.>4p77

Mi prmsldmjtm dmi LFV, Mrleh Lfmz, gjlcms-t gjtm igfrlmahs dmi dmpgrtg`mjth dm Ltgpgqum gbhrg ig dlstrlfuelj dm tlmrrg smr sihpgrg garleuithrms y yg jh pgrg ihs ehrrmilalh-jgrlhs, eh`lsgrlhs, liltgrms y sgemrdhtms. Gstg`flj dlkh qum yg jh bgfr tlmrrgs pgrg ihsheupgjtms limagims. Lfmz pgrtlelp mj \gtytgy

dm ig mjtrmag dm 5>> ttuihs dm prhplmdgd mjuj smethr dmi dmpgrtg`mjth dm Ltgpg, qum gfgr-eg 7.=>> bmetrmgs dm tlmrrgs, dm igs ehihjlgsljstgigdgs mj \gtytgy, Jgtgilh, @grg Guxlilg-dhrg, Trlujch, ^lrgy y ^lrgyu-. Tg`flj mj-trmagrhj ttuihs g phfigdhrms dm Vmpgtrlgdhsdmi Uur, Egpltj @lrgjdg, Tgeugy, ^htrmrhFmjtmz y Dr. Mseuilms, mjtrm htrhs. ]B6=.>4p57/GFE5>.>=.>4p65

^hdmr MkmeutlvhMi ^hdmr Mkmeutlvh g trgvs dmi prmsldmjtm dmig Vmpfileg, Jlegjhr Dugrtm Cruths, pldl igehigfhrgelj dm ihs ahfmrjgdhrms pgrg mvltgr`s ehjcileths shelgims rmigelhjgdhs g heupg-elhjms dm tlmrrgs. Ehjermtg`mjtm pldl ehig-fhrgelj pgrg iimvgr gdmigjtm uj emjsh dm ihssljtlmrrgs y dmtmetgr igs prhplmdgdms l`prhdue-tlvgs. Mi Mkmeutlvh dmsmg qum ihs rmprmsmjtgj-tms dmpgrtg`mjtgims sm ljvhiuermj mj mi prh-fim`g, phr ih qum Dugrtm Cruths pldl g ihsahfmrjgdhrms ig dmslajgelj dm uj rmprmsmj-tgjtm pgrg pgrtlelpgr getlvg`mjtm mj igs rmujlh-jms dmi agfljmtm dm Geelj Uhelgi dm ig rmsl-dmjelg, ljstgjelg mj ig qum sm gjgilzg mi prh-fim`tleh tm`g rmigelhjgdh ehj ig heupgeljdm tlmrrgs. ]B >4.>=.>4p71/GFE >4.>=.>4p=

Mj uj ljtmjth phr shiuelhjgr ihs rmeig`hs dmihs eg`pmsljhs, mi ^hdmr Mkmeutlvh jh`frgrphr dmermth uj ehjsmkh mspmelgi qum gtmjdmrig prhfim`tleg dm ig tlmrrg y dmi smethr rurgi,


20/42


`gyh6>>46>

g smr ljtmargdh phr vgrlgs guthrldgdms, ljchr-` mi tltuigr dmi LFV, Mrleh Lfmz. Mi mqulph`uitlsmethrlgi mstgr ehjchr`gdg phr mi vlem-prmsldmjtm dmi pgs, Iuls Egstlailhjl? mi `l-jlstrh dm Garleuiturg y Agjgdmrg, GjthjlhLfmz? mi `ljlstrh dm Bgelmjdg, DlhjlslhFhrdg? mi gsmshr mehj`leh dm ig prmsldmjelg,Egrihs Qgidm? mi tltuigr dmi LFV, Mrleh Lf-mz, y Buah Bgiimy @mrih, mx prmsldmjtm dmiLFV y gsmshr dmi Ehjarmsh mj `gtmrlg dm rm-chr`g gargrlg. Tg`flj mstgr mi shelihah ygsmshr dm gsujths shelgims dm ig UmermtgrgTejleg dm igjlclegelj, Dh`ljah Vlvgrhig.Mi prmsldmjtm dmi LFV dlkh qum mstm aruph tmj-dr g su egrah `gregr ujg bhkg dm rutg y tmjmr

hfkmtlvhs ehjermths shfrm ujg fgsm dm dgthsrmgi y mi ljvhiuerg lmjth dmi @ljlstmrlh dm Bg-elmjdg. IJ >=.>=.>4p77/IJ >1.>=.>4p77

Mi vlemprmsldmjtm dm ig Vmpfileg, Iuls GifmrthEgstlailhjl, jl qulmrm bgfigr dm ig prlvgtlzg-elj dm ihs mjtms pfilehs. Um dmeigrg s flmjpgrtldgrlh dm ig egpltgilzgelj, mvmjtugi`mj-tm, pgrg Mssgp y Ehpgeh. Dlkh qum mstm ms mipmjsg`lmjth dmi Ahflmrjh y qum mi `ls`h jhbg vgrlgdh. Gjujelg ujg gudlthrg ljtmrjgelh-

jgi pgrg ihs mjtms mstgtgims. GFE >=.>=.>4p=

Mi vlemprmsldmjtm dm ig Vmpfileg dmjujelqum uj smethr dm ig Cmdmrgelj Jgelhjgi Eg`-pmsljg mst l`puisgjdh ujg eg`pgg dm dms-prmstlalh dmi trgfgkh qum mstj rmgilzgjdh ihs`mjhjltgs pgrg mkhrgr mi dmsgrrhiih rurgi, mjmi dmpgrtg`mjth dm Ugj ^mdrh. Gs ih ljdledurgjtm uj rmehrrldh qum rmgilz mj ig ehihjlgCrlmsigjd. IJ >2.>=.>4p4

Gdugjgs]jg argj egjtldgd dm giahdj pgrgaugyh mstslmjdh eh`mrelgilzgdg mj mi mregdh frgslim-h. Umaj ljchr`ms dm ig hileg frgslimg, smljegutgrhj mj vgrlgs hegslhjms dm eg`lhjmsegragdhs dm giahdj pgrgaugyh qum elreuig-fgj phr tmrrlthrlh frgslimh mj chr`g limagi.Mi `mkhr prmelh hcmrtgdh mj mi igdh frgslimhbgem qum ju`mrhshs prhduethrms mstj eh`mr-elgilzgjdh su prhdueelj mj mi vmeljh pgs.

Vmelmjtm`mjtm gamjtms frgslimhs dmi Dmpgr-tg`mjth dm Hpmrgelhjms dm Crhjtmrg -DHC-sm ljegutgrhj dm uj thtgi dm > olihs dmgiahdj pgrgaugyh qum mstgfg slmjdh trgjs-phrtgdh dm ehjtrgfgjdh mj slmtm eg`lhjms, mjig ihegildgd dm @ujdh Jhvh, g 62> o` dm igcrhjtmrg. GFE >7.>=.>4p5>

Gsmjtg`lmjthsIhs phfigdhrms dm Vljehjl, dm \fyeul -^g-rgaugr-, sucrlmrhj ig ehjtg`ljgelj g`flmj-tgi heurrldg mj 7 thjmigdgs dm sm`liigs dm giahdj

trgtgdgs ehj prhdueths qu`lehs gitg`mjtmtxlehs, uralmrhj gi kumz dm ig egusg g qum dle-tg`ljm shfrm mi egsh. Mi prhemsh dm ehjdmjg gihs euipgfims bg mvhiuelhjgdh uy imjtg`mj-tm. Mi gfhagdh Vlegrdh @mrih, clsegi g`flmj-tgi, y mi dhethr Buah Lajgelh Vhs, clsegi pm-jgi dm ^grgaugy, shileltgrhj mi prhemsg`lmjthy dmeigrgelj dmi mjthjems rmprmsmjtgjtm dm igDmitg ^ljm mj ^grgaugy, Mrle Ihrmjz, qum smmjeumjtrg prcuah dm ig Kustlelg. DJ >7.>=.>4p1

Mi dmpgrtg`mjth dm Ugj ^mdrh tlmjm ujg mx-tmjslj tmrrlthrlgi dm 6.>>>.6>> bmetrmgs? eugi-qulmrg dlrg qum ms m`ljmjtm`mjtm garehig yagjgdmrh, slj m`fgrah, g kuzagr phr ihs dgthsrmegfgdhs mj igs hcleljgs dm ig Dlrmeelj dmMstgdstlegs Garhpmeugrlgs, dm igs 6.>>>.6>>bmetrmgs, uj pheh s dmi =>% mst dmstljg-dh g ig prhdueelj agjgdmrg. Ig dmsprhphr-elj mjtrm ih qum heupg ig agjgdmrg y ig prh-dueelj garehig ms gfls`gi, smaj ihs dgths.Mi dmpgrtg`mjth tlmjm ujg phfigelj dm57 bgfltgjtms, `lmjtrgs su phtmjelg mjagjgdmrg fhvljg ms dm 7.726.125 egfmzgs,smaj itl`hs dgths dm ig eg`pgg dm vgeu-jgelj dm agjgdhs vgeujhs dmsgrrhiigdg phrmi Umrvlelh Jgelhjgi dm Ugiud Gjl`gi -Umjge-sg-. Mstg egjtldgd dm agjgdh mst mj phdmr dm72.5=> prhplmtgrlhs, dm ihs eugims 7.673 prh-duethrms shj dumhs dm `s dm 7>> egfmzgs.Ig getlvldgd jmtg`mjtm garehig, mj ehjtrgpgr-tldg, shih utlilzg 67>.>67 bmetrmgs dm tlmrrg,

ih qum rmprmsmjtg mi 7>.=% dm ig thtgildgd dm


21/42


`gyh6>>4 67

tlmrrgs qum phsmm mi dmpgrtg`mjth dm Ugj ^m-drh. Umaj itl`hs dgths, mi 4p56

Ahfmrjgelhjms

@lslhjmsMi ahfmrjgdhr dm @lslhjms, Egrihs Sliigifg,`gjlcmst qum mj su dmpgrtg`mjth yg mstjmigfhrgjdh mi emjsh dm ihs eg`pmsljhssljtlmrrgs y dm igs prhplmdgdms qum phdrgj smrmxprhplgdgs, tgi eh`h ih bgfg shileltgdh miprmsldmjtm dm ig Vmpfileg, Jlegjhr DugrtmCruths. Umgi qum mj msg zhjg dmi pgs mstj

ihegilzgdhs eljeh gsmjtg`lmjths dm igfrlmahsqum jh tmjgj pgremigs prhplgs y qum gbhrgmstj slmjdh gslstldhs phr ig Ahfmrjgelj y mi@GA. IJ >3.>=.>4p=

Ig Ahfmrjgelj dm @lslhjms ljlel uj pigjdm euitlvh dm rufrhs dm guthehjsu`h pgrg miprmsmjtm pmrlhdh garehig. Mi ahflmrjh dmpgr-tg`mjtgi prhphrelhjgr `gquljgrlg garehigpgrg ig prmpgrgelj dm sumih. Mj thtgi sm bgjprmpgrgdh 6.7>3 bmetrmgs pgrg ig slm`frg. Ihsrufrhs dm dlvmrslclegelj ljeiuymj gz, gj-dlheg, fgtgtg, gj, phrhth, zgpgiih, egigfgzg,crutgs y bhrtgilzgs mj amjmrgi. grg iimvgr gdm-igjtm mi prhymeth, ig Ahfmrjgelj clr`gr uj

ehjvmjlh ehj ig Hragjlzgelj Eg`pmsljg dm@lslhjms -HE@-. GFE >7.>=.>4 p57

Eg`pmsljhs, ig Ahfmrjgelj dm @lslhjms mljstltuelhjms aufmrjg`mjtgims clr`grhj ujgeumrdh dm ehhpmrgelj pgrg prh`hvmr mi dm-sgrrhiih garhpmeugrlh. Mi pigj ehjtm`pig gsls-

Ig Ahfmrjgelj dm @lslhjms ljlel uj pigj dm euitlvh dm rufrhs dm guthehjsu`h

pgrg mi prmsmjtm pmrlhdh garehig, smaj ihs dgths hclelgims.


22/42


`gyh6>>466

tmjelg tejleg, ermdltlelg, euitlvh dm rufrhs dmehjsu`h y htrhs mj mi `greh dmi prharg`g dmdmsgrrhiih garhpmeugrlh. Mi prhymeth bg sldhpigjtmgdh gjtm ujg prhpumstg dm ig Hragjlzg-elj Eg`pmsljg dm @lslhjms -HE@- y fmjm-clelgr g 6.>>> cg`lilgs dm ig zhjg. GFE77.>=.>4p53

G`g`fgyEhj mi hfkmtlvh dm prmsmjtgr htrg gitmrjgtlvgdm prhdueelj sm egpgelt g igfrlmahs dmiG`g`fgy pgrg euitlvgr ogg bmm. Ig Ahfmr-jgelj dm G`g`fgy, kujth ehj tejlehs dm ujg

m`prmsg frgslimg, cujelhjgrlhs dmi Chjdh dmDmsgrrhiih Eg`pmsljh y tejlehs dmi @GA,pgrtlelpgrhj dmi mjeumjtrh dlrlaldh g ujhs 1>igfrlmahs dm ig zhjg. Mi ahflmrjh dmpgrtg`mj-tgi mst iimvgjdh gdmigjtm uj pigj dm prhdue-elj dm ogg bmm dmjtrh dmi eugi sm mj`gregmstg egpgeltgelj. IJ 7=.>=.>4p56

E`grg dm DlputgdhsIg E`grg dm Dlputgdhs rmciht dmspus dmuj gh uj jumvh prhymeth dm imy dm smaurldgdcrhjtmrlzg, qum prhbfm qum mxtrgjkmrhs tmjagjprhplmdgdms mj uj mspgelh dm 7>> oli`mtrhspgrgimihs g ig crhjtmrg. Ig eh`lslj dm Dmcmj-sg m`ltl uj dletg`mj mi pgsgdh 77 dm `gyhgehjsmkgjdh gi pimjgrlh su gprhfgelj. GFE73.>=.>4p1

Ig eh`lslj dm Gsujths Ehjstltuelhjgims dm

ig E`grg dm Dlputgdhs dletg`lj g cgvhr dmiprhymeth dm imy qum hdlcleg mi Mstgtuth Garg-rlh, pgrg qum shig`mjtm ihs pgrgaugyhs jgtu-rgims pumdgj geemdmr g igs tlmrrgs dmi LFV. Miprhymeth hrlaljgi dmi dlputgdh Md`ujdh Vh-ij fuseg chegilzgr mi sukmth dm ig rmchr`g garg-rlg. Um prhphjm qum pgrg ig gdkudlegelj dmtlmrrgs phr pgrtm dmi LFV, igs pmrshjgs tmjagjeludgdgjg pgrgaugyg jgturgi, slj dlstljeljdm smxh, `gyhrg dm mdgd germdltgdg ehj igrmspmetlvg eduig dm ldmjtldgd philelgi y hf-smrvgr fumjg ehjduetg. DJ 6>.>=.>4p=

E`grg dm UmjgdhrmsMi Ahflmrjh dm Jlegjhr Dugrtm Cruths shihdg `umstrgs dm qumrmr rmegudgr `s pgrg miclseh, pmrh jh dm tmjmr pigjms pgrg ig rmdue-elj dm ig phfrmzg. ^hr miih, mi Umjgdh pldlgi prmsldmjtm mj mkmrelelh -dmfldh g qum Dugr-tm Cruths mst mj mi mxtmrlhr-, Iuls Egstlailhjl,qum mxpilqum qu ms ih qum sm tlmjm prmvlsthmj mstm itl`h eg`ph, mj ujg smslj mxtrghr-dljgrlg dm mstg ljstgjelg, gj slj cmebg. Egr-ihs Clilzzhig, smjgdhr dm ^gs Uhildgrlh, dm-jujel mi trgth ljbu`gjh qum dg ig CumrzgMspmelgi dm Hpmrgelhjms (CH^M) g jlhs dmig egiim mj dlvmrshs prhemdl`lmjths, ljdle qumihs mjhrms dm mdgd shj mi rmcimkh dm ig erlslsshelgi y mehj`leg qum vlvm mi pgs, pums suspgdrms jh tlmjmj m`pimh. Jh mxlstm, jh smgvlzhrg uj pigj shelgi pgrg rmvmrtlr ig sltug-elj dm phfrmzg. ]B 62.>=.>4p3


23/42


`gyh6>>4 65

LJUTLT]ELHJMU^VLSGDGU

Mi dlseursh dmi ^hdmr Mkmeutlvh gilmjtgig heupgelj dm prhplmdgdms^grg mi smethr prlvgdh, mi dlseursh dmi ^hdmr Mkmeutlvh gilmjtg

ig heupgelj dm prhplmdgdms y ms eh`h ujg egrtg figjeg g ig

heupgelj. Gs ih dlkh Muamjlh Orua, prmsldmjtm dm ig ]jlj dm

Ehùjldgdms dm Jgrgjklth, ihegildgd uflegdg gi jhrtm dmi dm-

pgrtg`mjth dm Ltgpg. Mi dlrlamjtm arm lgi `gjlcmst qum ehj midlseursh dmi prmsldmjtm dm ig Vmpfileg (Jlegjhr Dugrtm Cru-

ths), dhjdm sm bgfig dm tlmrrg `gibgfldg, sm ehjciletg thdh y

msth bgem ehjtrlfulr g ig ljsmaurldgd qum yg sm vlvm mj mi eg`ph

ehj igs g`mjgzgs dm heupgelj y qum`g dm shkgims. ^hr htrh

igdh, ig ehhpmrgelj prlvgdg tlmjm fumjhs rmsuitgdhs mj Ugj m-

drh. Dhtgr gi pmqumh prhduethr dm igs bmrrg`lmjtgs jmemsgrlgs

pgrg iimagr gi dmsgrrhiih ljtmargi dm igs cg`lilgs eg`pmsljgs ms

mi hfkmtlvh dm ihs prhymeths dm dmsgrrhiih rurgi, l`puisgdhs phrehihjlgs `mjhjltgs mj mstm dmpgrtg`mjth.

EG^Mi dlseursh dmi hdmr Mkmeutlvh gilmjtg ig heu-pgelj dm prhplmdgdms y ms eh`h ujg egrtgfigjeg g ig heupgelj, dmjujel Muamjlh

Orua, prmsldmjtm dm ig ]jlj dm Ehùjldg-dms dm Jgrgjklth, ihegildgd uflegdg gi jhrtmdmi dmpgrtg`mjth dm Ltgpg. Mi ls`h mxpushig prhfim`tleg durgjtm ujg smslj dm ig Ehhr-dljgdhrg Garehig dmi ^grgaugy (EG^) qumtuvh iuagr mj mstm dlstrlth. Mi tltuigr dm ig ]jljdm Ehùjldgdms dm Jgrgjklth ljdle qum igsg`mjgzgs dm heupgelj amjmrgj prmheupgeljm ljsmaurldgd mjtrm ihs ehihjhs, uebhs dm ihseugims shj dm hrlamj mxtrgjkmrh. Mi dlrlamjtm

arm`lgi gjlcmst qum ehj mi dlseursh dmi prm-

sldmjtm dm ig Vmpfileg (Jlegjhr Dugrtm Cru-ths), dhjdm sm bgfig dm tlmrrg `gibgfldg, smehjciletg thdh y msth bgem ehjtrlfulr g ig lj-smaurldgd qum yg sm vlvm mj mi eg`ph ehj igs

g`mjgzgs dm heupgelj y qum`g dm shkgims.Mj mi pgs phegs shj igs ehsgs qum jh shj`gibgfldgs. Ul bgem 6= 5> ghs eh`pr ujgprhplmdgd, mi Mstgdh pgrgaugyh `m dg uj t-tuih, blphtmeh msg prhplmdgd, ig pgah, ig mx-pihth rgelhjgi`mjtm y gbhrg mstm ls`h Mstg-dh dlem qum msg tlmrrg ms `gibgfldg, qu vg gpmjsgr msm phfigdhr qum mst ge, qum vlvlge y qum jh tlmjm tlmrrg, ms eh`h ujg egrtgfigjeg g ig heupgelj, gclr`. GFE >=.>=.>4p77


24/42


`gyh6>>464

EgdmipgIg E`grg Giahdhjmrg grgaugyg -Egdmipg-mimv g 6.>>> thjmigdgs ig mstl`gelj dm igprhdueelj giahdhjmrg dm ig zgcrg 6>>5/>4,

ih eugi l`pileg ujgs =>.>>> thjmigdgs s ehjrmspmeth g ujg prmvlslj ljlelgi y 76>.>>> th-jmigdgs s ehj rmigelj g ih hftmjldh mi ghpgsgdh, smaj igs elcrgs qum mjtrma mi gsmshrdmi arm`lh Cilx Utlmdwmdt. Ihs rmphrtms dmgehplh pgrmemj gclgjzgr ig jumvg prhymeelj,yg qum gi cljgilzgr mi `ms dm gfrli igs m`prm-sgs eh`prgrhj 637.>4.>=p76

Ehihjlg CrlmsigjdDhtgr gi pmqumh prhduethr dm igs bmrrg`lmj-tgs jmemsgrlgs pgrg iimagr gi dmsgrrhiih ljtm-argi dm igs cg`lilgs eg`pmsljgs ms mi hfkmtlvhdm prhymeths dm dmsgrrhiih rurgi, l`puisgdhsphr ehihjlgs mjhjltgs mj mi dmpgrtg`mjth dmUgj ^mdrh. Mi vlemprmsldmjtm dm ig Vmpfilegvlslt g ihs igfrlmahs y ehjstgt ih gimjtgdhr

Mi smethr prlvgdh geusg gi Ahflmrjh dm gimjtgr g ihs/gs eg`pmsljhs/gs g rmgilzgr heupgelhjms dm tlmrrgs.

dm mstm prhymeth, qum ehjstltuym cgethr dm sm-aurldgd y prharmsh dm ig zhjg, mspmelgi`mjtmpgrg smethrms mxeiuldhs. Mi mkm prljelpgi dm ihsprhymeths ms ig mduegelj y egpgeltgelj g pm-qumhs prhduethrms, qulmjms gsl`ls`h rmel-fmj gslstmjelg tejleg y ermdltlelg. Ig prhdue-tlvldgd dm igs cg`lilgs bg gu`mjtgdh y bgjfgkgdh ihs jdlems dm `largelj y dm dmsm`-pimh mj ig zhjg dm ljciumjelg dmi prhymethEHSMUG^, qum fmjmclelg g ujgs 1>> cg`l-ilgs. GFE >2.>=.>4p=

Ugjtg Vltg

Ig Mxph Ugjtg Vltg (Egjljdmy), qum cum lj-guaurgdg hclelgi`mjtm mi sfgdh 7= dm `gyhy qum dur dhs dgs, mstuvh thtgi`mjtm frgsl-imrlzgdg. Ihs egrtmims pufileltgrlhs mstj mjphrtuaus. Mi mvmjth sm rmgilz mj ig ihegildgdsltugdg g ujhs 7>> o` dm Eludgd dmi Mstm,dhjdm ig phfigelj ms mjtmrg`mjtm frgslaug-yg. Mi vlemprmsldmjtm dm ig Vmpfileg, IulsEgstlailhjl, dlkh qum ig `umstrg mrg thdh ujs`fhih dmi grgaugy. Mi mvmjth, ehjsldmrg-


25/42


`gyh6>>4 6=

dh ujg dm igs `umstrgs `gs l`phrtgjtms dmi^grgaugy, ms hragjlzgdh phr mi Emjtrh dm Trg-dlelhjms Agebgs Ljdlh Khs, ehjchr`gdhphr lj`largjtms frgslimhs qum bgfltgj mj igihegildgd dm Ugjtg Vltg. IJ 73.>=.>4p7>4/>= gpujtg g eufrlr ujrmg dm 6,6 `liihjms dm bmetrmgs g pgrtlr dmhetufrm prxl`h, ih qum rmprmsmjtgrg uj lj-erm`mjth dm 63>.>>> bmetrmgs ehj rmspmethg ig slm`frg dm ig tm`phrgdg gjtmrlhr. Mj igitl`g eg`pgg garehig gi mjhs 56 li bme-trmgs cumrhj ljehrphrgdgs dm ig agjgdmrg girmg shkmrg, gtrgdgs phr ihs fumjhs prmelhs,ljdle Iuls Eufliig, gsmshr tejleh dm ig E-`grg grgaugyg dm Mxphrtgdhrms dm Emrmgimsy Himgaljhsgs -Egpmeh-. IJ 7=.>4p/]B6>.>=.>4p71

Ihs m`prmsgrlhs dmclmjdmj mi mkmrelelh dm igprhplmdgd prlvgdg y mi dmrmebh dmi prhplmtg-rlh shfrm su tmrrmjh. Mi eg`pmsljh vmjdm sutlmrrg phrqum yg jh tlmjm pmrspmetlvgs mehj-`legs mj miig, mxprms Esgr Kurm, prmsldmjtmdm ig Egpmeh, ehj rmigelj g ig mxpgjslj dmig shkg. Gd`ltl ig jmemsldgd qum mxlstm dmmstgfimemr jhr`gs qum rmauimj mi ermel`lmjthdm ig getlvldgd garhm`prmsgrlgi. Uhfrm ihs

garhtxlehs ljdle qum jh sm pumdmj prhblflrihs trgtg`lmjths dmcmjslvhs garehigs (pmstl-eldgs y bmrfleldgs), phrqum mjthjems jh bg-frg prhdueelj. IJ 64.>=.>4p>> `l-iihjms dm augrgjms pgrg mi garh. Mj prl`mriuagr, ig E`grg grgaugyg dm Emrmgims y Him-galjhsgs -Egpmeh- hftuvh ig gprhfgelj dmprstg`hs phr uj thtgi dm =>.>>> liihjms dmaugrgjms, qum smrj dmstljgdhs pgrg mi pgah

dm ig augrdg mj slihs dm ihs argjhs dm shkg pgrg

Igs heupgelhjms g prhplmdgdms prlvgdgs ehjtljugrj mj thdh mi pgs sl mi Ahflmrjh jh ljlelg ig mkmeuelj dm ig

rmchr`g gargrlg, smaj ig Laimslg.


26/42


`gyh6>>463

ihs prxl`hs `msms, `lmjtrgs sm jmahelg igsgildg dmi pgs dmi prhdueth. Gs ih gclr`Gjami Uhrlg, prmsldmjtm dm ig Gshelgelj dmFgjehs dmi grgaugy -GF^-, mjtldgd qum gaiu-tljg g thdgs igs ljstltuelhjms fgjegrlgs dmi pgs.IJ 62.>=.>4p76

Cmehprhd]jh dm egdg trms prhduethrms qum bgy mj mi^grgaugy mst gshelgdh g giaujg dm igs 63m`prmsgs shildgrlgs gshelgdgs g ig Cmdmrgeljdm Ehhpmrgtlvgs dm ^rhdueelj Cmehprhd-.Mi aruph dm 73.=>> prhduethrms gdbmrldhs g

ig Cmehprhd rmprmsmjtg jgdg `mjhs qum uj57% dm ihs =4.>>> prhduethrms qum sm mstl`gmxlstmj mj mi pgs, smaj dgths dm ig smgigdgmjtldgd dm smaujdh argdh. Ihs shelhs dm Cm-ehprhd shj rmsphjsgfims dmi 4>% dm ig prh-dueelj dm shkg mj mi pgs y dmi 42% dm igmxphrtgelj dm argjhs dm ig himgaljhsg, guj-qum mstg jh ms ig jleg getlvldgd dm ihs shelhs.DJ 6>.>=.>4p7=.>=.>4p4


27/42


`gyh6>>4 61

^]MFIHULJDAMJGU

Ljdamjgs pldmj qum sm prhtmkgj

sus tlmrrgsMi Ljstltuth ^grgaugyh dmi Ljdamjg -LJDL- sm mjeumjtrg mj uj

prhemsh dm rmmstrueturgelj ehj uj gphrtm jh rmm`fhisgfim dm

7=> li digrms dmi Fgjeh Ljtmrg`mrlegjh dm Dmsgrrhiih -FLD-,

ljdlegrhj cumjtms hclelgims. Gs tg`flj sm ljchr` qum ihs ljd-

amjgs gsmjtgdhs mj 77 ehihjlgs garehigs dmi Ebgeh Emjtrgi sm

bgj ehjvmrtldh mj pmqumhs prhduethrms, phrqum tlmjmj tlmrrg ygsmshrg`lmjth mclegz. Mstgs eh`ujldgdms pigjtgrhj mstm gh

4.47= bmetrmgs dm rufrhs eh`mrelgims eh`h mi giahdj, trtgah,

ssg`h, phrhths y bhrtgilzgs. Ulj m`fgrah, ig sltugelj mj ig

Vmalj Heeldmjtgi ms dlcmrmjtm, ihs ljdamjgs gsmaurgj qum mi

getugi Ahflmrjh jh tlmjm ujg mstrgtmalg pgrg mvltgr qum ihs eg`-

pmsljhs heupmj sus tlmrrgs y gdvlrtlmrhj qum, sl pmrslstm msg sl-

tugelj, ihs gfhramjms bgrj uj ehjarmsh jgelhjgi pgrg dmil-

jmgr ujg dmcmjsg g su `gjmrg.

Mi Ljstltuth ^grgaugyh dmi Ljdamjg -LJDL- smmjeumjtrg mj uj prhemsh dm rmmstrueturgeljehj uj gphrtm jh rmm`fhisgfim dm 7=> `li

digrms dmi Fgjeh Ljtmrg`mrlegjh dm Dmsgrrh-iih -FLD-. Ig ljtmjelj dm rmmstrueturgr mi

LJDL sural dm ig ldmg dm su getugi tltuigr qum,argelgs g igs amstlhjms rmgilzgdgs gjtm mi FLD,ehjslaul uj gphrtm jh rmm`fhisgfim. Ig rm-

hragjlzgelj mst mj pimjg mkmeuelj, ehjtm`-pigr uj jumvh hragjlarg`g dm trgfgkh, ljchr-

Ihs ljdamjgs

gsmjtgdhs mj

77 ehihjlgs

garehigs dmiEbgeh Emjtrgi

sm bgj ehjvmrtl-

dh mj pmqumhs

prhduethrms.


28/42


`gyh6>>462

`gtlzgelj y hptl`lzgelj dm smrvlelhs. Umprmtmjdm uj mjtm dlj`leh, ehj thdg ig ljcrg-mstrueturg, pgrg gtmjdmr igs jmemsldgdms dm ihsjgtlvhs. GFE >7.>=.>4 p65

Ihs ljdamjgs gsmjtgdhs mj 77 ehihjlgs gar-ehigs dmi Ebgeh Emjtrgi sm bgj ehjvmrtldh mjpmqumhs prhduethrms, phrqum tlmjmj tlmrrg ygsmshrg`lmjth mclegz. Mstgs ehùjldgdmspigjtgrhj mstm gh 4.47= bmetrmgs dm rufrhseh`mrelgims eh`h mi giahdj, trtgah, ssg-`h, phrhths y bhrtgilzgs. Eumjtgj gdm`s ehjuj l`phrtgjtm bgth agjgdmrh. Mj mi EbgehEmjtrgi, bgem eugrmjtg ghs ig HJA Gshelg-elj dm Umrvlelhs dm Ehhpmrgelj Ljdamjg

@mjhjltg -GUEL@- geh`pgg mj chr`g ljtm-argi g ehùjldgdms, bhy dg shj 77 ehùjl-dgdms ehj ujg phfigelj dm 76.>>> jgtlvhs,mj garleuiturg, agjgdmrg, ehhpmrgtlvls`h, sg-iud, mduegelj, egpgeltgelj prhcmslhjgi, cg-`lilg y ùkmr, eh`prg y tltuigelj dm tlmrrgs.GFE >6.>=.>4p41

Ljdamjgs gsmaurgj qum mi getugi Ahflmrjh jhtlmjm ujg mstrgtmalg pgrg mvltgr qum ihs eg`-pmsljhs heupmj sus tlmrrgs y gdvlrtlmrhj qum,

sl pmrslstm msg sltugelj, ihs gfhramjms bgrjuj ehjarmsh jgelhjgi pgrg dmiljmgr ujg dmcmj-sg g su gjmrg. Cum mj ig pimjgrlg dm ig Eh`l-slj phr ig Guthdmtmr`ljgelj dm ihs ûmfihsLjdamjgs -EG^L- rmgilzgdg mj Ehrhjmi Hvlm-dh -Eggaugz-. Vmprmsmjtgjtms dm ujgs 71hragjlzgelhjms jgtlvgs, dm igs Vmalhjms Hrlmj-tgi y Heeldmjtgi, jueimgdgs mj ig EG^L, sm rm-ujlmrhj g prljelplhs dm gyh mj pimjgrlg pgrggjgilzgr ig sltugelj dm ihs pumfihs gfhram-jms dm jumstrh pgs. GFE >2.>=.>4p75

Ljdamjgs dm ig ehùjldgd `fy augrgj dmUgj Kugj \bhvy, K. Muihalh Mstlagrrlflg -Eg-gaugz-, g`mjgzgj ehj sgegr sus `limjgrlgscimebgs sl ms qum igs guthrldgdms jh mvltgj igdmprmdgelj dm sus `hjtms phr pgrtm dm ihssljtlmrrgs. Ul ihs clsegims, ig ^hileg h mi Ah-flmrjh jh getgj, sgfm`hs usgr jumstrgs cim-ebgs, dlkmrhj. Ig ehùjldgd `fy augrgj dmUgj Kugj \bhvy phsmm ujg prhplmdgd dm 135bmetrmgs qum bgstg bhy jh cum imagilzgdg phrmi Ahflmrjh jgelhjgi g pmsgr dm qum vlmjmjrmgilzgjdh mi tr`ltm ehrrmsphjdlmjtm dmsdmbgem 7= ghs, smaj rmclrlmrhj ihs gcmetgdhs.Mj dlebh prmdlh vlvmj bhy 61 cg`lilgs ljd-amjgs, pmrh uebgs cg`lilgs yg gfgjdhjgrhj

mi iuagr phr mi gsmdlh dm ihs sljtlmrrgs qum ehjs-tgjtm`mjtm mjtrgj g sgegr rhiihs, dmjujel iu-tgreh Ipmz, idmr dm ihs jgtlvhs. IJ 7=.>=.>4p56

Ig mxlstmjelg dm uj amjheldlh mstgdstleh mjjumstrh pgs qum jh tlmjm dgths prmelshs shfrmig sltugelj rmgi dm igs ehùjldgdms ljdam-

Ihs dgths dm ig phfrmzg ljdamjg

jh claurgj mj igs mstgdstlegshclelgims, dmjujel ig ]JLEMC.


29/42


`gyh6>>4 6 `liihjms dm digrmspgrg ihargr ihs hfkmtlvhs pigjtmgdhs mj mdueg-elj, gtmjelj prl`grlg dm ig sgiud, rmeurshsdm gaug phtgfim y sgjmg`lmjth fsleh. ^rmel-

sg`mjtm igs mtjlgs mxlstmjtms mj jumstrh tmrrl-thrlh jh claurgj mj igs mstgdstlegs y mstj mx-eiuldgs dm thdh tlph dm gslstmjelg y dm ihs rm-alstrhs hclelgims `gjmkgdhs phr mi Ahflmrjh.Mj ig hegslj, ihs mxpmrths dm ]JLEMC ljdl-egrhj qum mj ^grgaugy bgy ujg phfigeljgprhxl`gdg g 2>> jgtlvhs, dm ihs eugims mi=> phr elmjth tlmjm phr dmfgkh dm ihs 7= ghs.Mi drg`g dm ig dmsjutrlelj ms uj cgethr qumyg giegjz g uj = phr elmjth dm ig jlmz pgrg-augyg y qum g`mjgzg g htrh 6> phr elmjth, dm

geumrdh g dgths prhphrelhjgdhs phr ihs rms-phjsgfims dm ig ]JLEMC. Dm thdgs msgs el-crgs, igs `ukmrms m`fgrgzgdgs ehj sjth`gsdm dmsjutrlelj iimagj mj ig getugildgd g uj5> phr elmjth, gtmjdlmjdh slm`prm g ihs dgthsdmi `mjelhjgdh hragjls`h ljtmrjgelhjgi. Igsshiuelhjms suamrldgs shj; Ehj mi =% dm ihsrhygitlms dm igs fljgelhjgims sm pumdm rmduelrg ig ltgd ig dmsjutrlelj dm ig phfigelj m-jhr dm = ghs? ehj mi 4% dm ihs ljarmshs trlfu-

tgrlhs sm pumdmj cljgjelgr trgjscmrmjelgs gi=>% dm ihs phfrms mxtrm`hs phr mdlh dm m-egjls`hs dm eh-rmsphjsgflildgd. ]B 67.>=.>4p6>

Dmspus dm 77 sm`gjgs dm ig gpgrlelj dm 71

gyhrmhs slivehigs mj Ebgld -Gith ^grgaugy-,uj aruph dm 76 idmrms gyhrmhs vlsltgr mj ms-ths dgs mi iuagr. Ig eh`lslj mspmelgi dm igClsegig Amjmrgi dmi Mstgdh imvgjt pgrelgi-`mjtm ig eugrmjtmjg. Ehj ig smaujdg vgeujg-elj dmi aruph, mj trms sm`gjgs, mi ehjtgethsmrg ilfrm. Ihs gyhrmhs slivehigs rmelflmrhjgtmjelj dleg y vgeujgelj. Mi dleh trg-tgjtm mxpile qum ig eugrmjtmjg cum jmemsgrlgpgrg sgivgaugrdgr ig vldg dm ihs slivehigs, qum

jh eumjtgj ehj gjtleumrphs pgrg mjcmr`mdg-dms dm ig elvlilzgelj, mxpile Ildg Geug,gsmshrg dm dmrmebhs tjlehs dm ig ClsegigAmjmrgi dmi Mstgdh. GFE 63.>=.>4p54

Ljdamjgs dm dlstljths pujths dmi pgs vlvmjmj ehjdlelhjms ljcrgbu`gjgs g ihs ehstgdhsdm ig tmr`ljgi dm `jlfus dm Eludgd dmi Mstm.G ujg eugdrg dm ig mstgelj dm trgjsphrtm dmehimetlvhs ehihegj sus prmegrlgs vlvlmjdgs dmbuim y egrtj, dhjdm tg`flj rmgilzgj sus jm-

emsldgdms clslhialegs. ]jhs eljeumjtg ljd-amjgs dm ig pgrelgildgd gvg augrgj sm mjeumj-trgj thtgi`mjtm dmsprhtmaldhs dm igs guthrldg-dms eh`pmtmjtms. Dmfldh gi crh y ig ehjstgj-tm iiuvlg, sm pumdm jhtgr qum vgrlhs jlhs smmjeumjtrgj ehj prhfim`gs rmsplrgthrlhs. Gi-rmdmdhr dm 7.>>> ljdamjgs dm dlcmrmjtms pgr-elgildgdms dmg`fuigj phr Eludgd dmi Mstm mjfuseg dm gil`mjths h sm rmfusegj phr ihs vmr-tmdmrhs. IJ 62.>=.>4p6 Uupim Gith ^grgj


30/42


`gyh6>>45>

EHJCILETHU DMTLMVVG

Igs hragjlzgelhjms eg`pmsljgs ljdlegrhj qum sl mi Ahflmrjh jh dg rmspumstgsg ihs pmdldhs dm tlmrrg, sm `hvlilzgrj jumvg`mjtm.

Sgrlhs ehjcileths slaumj slj rmshivmrsm]jgs 5> cg`lilgs dm ig eh`lslj dm sljtlmrrgs Ggrmtgl, geg`-

pgdgs dmsdm bgem eljeh ghs mj mi iljdmrh dm ig prhplmdgd dm

Ul`j Vgcgmi Hvmigr, g`mjgzgj ehj heupgr mi lj`umfim. Dlebgs

tlmrrgs sm mjeumjtrgj uflegdgs mj mi dlstrlth dm Il`g -Ugj ^m-

drh-, dhjdm mxlstmj htrhs chehs dm ehjcileth ehj s cg`lilgs eg`-

pmsljgs qum g`mjgzgj ehj jumvgs heupgelhjms. Mi lj`umfim mj

eumstlj tlmjm ujg mxtmjslj dm 21= bmetrmgs y smaj ihs igfrlm-

ahs, mj mi iuagr mxlstm uj mxemdmjtm dm 4> bmetrmgs. Umaj ihsgjtmemdmjtms, ihs eg`pmsljhs mjtrgrhj g ig prhplmdgd mj 74, `m-

dlgjtm ujg mjsurg kudlelgi, eh`prhfg`hs qum ig prhplmdgd tlmjm

uj mxemdmjtm dm 4> bmetrmgs, pmrh gbhrg mi LFV dlem ih ehjtrg-

rlh. Ihs eg`pmsljhs ljdlegrhj qum qulmrmj uj pmdgzh dm tlmrrg

pgrg trgfgkgr y qum mj mi eg`pg`mjth bgy ujhs 2> jlhs y jlgsqum yg pmrdlmrhj mi gh msehigr. GFE >7.>4.>4p7>


31/42


`gyh6>>4 57

Ihs eg`pmsljhs dm ig zhjg dm Augygyf yEbhr -Ugj ^mdrh- gjujelgrhj qum heupgrjmstgjelgs qum tlmjmj supumsths mxemdmjtms cls-egims, sl mi Ahflmrjh jh dg rmspumstgs g ihsrmeig`hs dm ihs idmrms dm ig @msg Ehhrdljg-dhrg dm Hragjlzgelhjms Eg`pmsljgs -@E-JHE-. ]jg dm igs prhplmdgdms qum rmeig`gjihs eg`pmsljhs pmrtmjmem g ig m`prmsg agjg-dmrg dm ig cg`lilg ^grhdl, smaj sm ljchr`,gujqum jh sm dlmrhj s dmtgiims. DJ >7.>=.>4p1

]jhs 3> eg`pmsljhs prmsujtg`mjtm `gjmkg-dhs phr `hvl`lmjths phitlehs bgj heupgdhtlmrrgs pmrtmjmelmjtms dmsdm bgem 5> ghs g igpgrelgildgd ljdamjg gvg augrgj mj mi dmpgr-

tg`mjth dm Gith grgj, smaj dmjujel mi Lja.Htt`gr Bgbj, prmsldmjtm dm ig ]jlj Gareh-ig Jgelhjgi -]GJ-. Mi gsmjtg`lmjth ljdam-jg mst uflegdh mj mi iuagr dmjh`ljgdh Sgeg-rmt dm ig eh`pgg Ltgoyry, dlstgjtm g ujhs3> o` dmi gsmjtg`lmjth Jumvg Mspmrgjzg, ygifmrag g ujgs => cg`lilgs ljdamjgs. Mi dm-jujelgjtm garma qum ihs slj tlmrrgs dmfm-rgj fusegr ihs igtlcujdlhs l`prhduetlvhs qumdm bmebh bgy mj ig zhjg y jh heupgr tlmrrgsljdamjgs. GFE >6.>=.>4p72

Dhs crgeelhjms dm tlmrrg qum pmrtmjmemj g ihsgvg augrgj, uflegdgs mj ihs dmpgrtg`mjths dmGith grgj y Egjljdmy, cumrhj heupgdgs phraruphs dm eg`pmsljhs g cljgims dmi `ms dmgfrli. Ihs eg`pmsljhs sm ljstgigrhj mj igs tlm-rrgs dm ihs ljdamjgs mj eh`pileldgd ehj cuj-elhjgrlhs dmi LFV, smaj dmjujel ig `lslh-jmrg Vgqumi ^mrgitg, qum trgfgkg ehj igs pgr-elgildgdms jgtlvgs.

]jg dm igs prhplmdgdms mst sltugdg mj mi dls-trlth dm Ltgoyry, gi jhrtm dm Eludgd dmi Mstm -Gith ^grgj-, mj ig ehùjldgd dmjh`ljgdgSgegrmt, ig `ls`g qum mstuvh mj iltlalh ehjUmfgstlj Kgmaail, blkh dmi smjgdhr GicrmdhKgmaail, qulmj vmjdl igs tlmrrgs utlilzgjdh ujttuih cgish gi frgslimh Mvgidh Blreb. Ig clj-eg heupgdg phsmm 6.>43 bmetrmgs y dmsdm qumihs igfrlmahs pgrgaugyhs heupgrhj mi ljùm-fim sm vlvm mj uj g`flmjtm dm zhzhfrg, ehj-chr`m rmigt ig rmilalhsg dmi Smrfh Dlvljh qumgslstm g ihs jgtlvhs dm ig rmalj. Ig htrg prh-plmdgd heupgdg phsmm ujg supmrclelm dm 6.76=

bmetrmgs y sm sltg mj ig kurlsdleelj dm Ehr-pus Ebrlstl, dmpgrtg`mjth dm Egjljdmy. Mjg`fhs sltlhs, ihs eg`pmsljhs gsmaurgj qum bgymxemdmjtms. DJ >=.>=.>4p67

Ig Eh`lslj = mstrmiigs dm eg`pmsljhs slj tlm-rrg qum prmtmjdm igs tlmrrgs dmi amjmrgi rmtlrg-dh Agih Msehfgr sm `gjtlmjm geg`pgdg crmj-tm gi tmrrmjh qum mst rmeig`gjdh. Ihs dlrl-amjtms dm mstm aruph dlmrhj ujg sm`gjg dmpigzh gi Ahflmrjh pgrg qum d shiuelhjms g supmdldh. Uhj 7.1>> bgs igs tlmrrgs rmeig`gdgs,y smaj ihs eg`pmsljhs cumrhj hftmjldgs mjchr`g limagi. Ig prhplmdgd sm mjeumjtrg mjKugj Imj @giihrquj -Gith ^grgj-. GFE>6.>=.>4p72

Ihs eg`pmsljhs dm ig Eh`lslj g`gjd qumrmeig`gj igs tlmrrgs pmrtmjmelmjtms g ig rmsmr-vg jgturgi qum ig Gd`ljlstrgelj Jgelhjgi dmMimetrleldgd -GJDM- phsmm mj ig egfmemrg dmim`fgism dmi rh \augz, dlstrlth dm \augz,il`trhcm ehj mi dmpgrtg`mjth dm Eggaugz -Gith ^grgj-, sm `gjtlmjmj mj mxpmetgtlvg yjh bgj vumith g ljarmsgr mj mi ljùmfim, sm-aj ljchr`m prhphrelhjgdh phr mi dmstgeg`mj-

th philelgi dm ig zhjg. Mi aruph qum sm `gjtlm-jm gi ehstgdh dm ig rutg mst ljtmargdh phr ujgs7>> cg`lilgs, y mspmrgj ig rmspumstg dmi LFV hdm ig GJDM shfrm igs tlmrrgs qum rmeig`gj.GFE >6.>=.>4p72

Ihs pmdldhs dm tlmrrg qum pmrslstmj shj; 5>>cg`lilgs pldmj igs tlmrrgs dm ig cg`lilg Fgrs-zmz mj Thrh ^lr -Ugj ^mdrh-, dhjdm bgy ujmxemdmjtm dm 71= bmetrmgs, ig prhplmdgd tlm-jm 7.644 bmetrmgs. 77> cg`lilgs pldmj igs tlm-

rrgs dm Igurmgjh Uhsg, dm ig ehihjlg Kmku hty,dm Ebhr -Ugj ^mdrh-, ig prhplmdgd tlmjm 52=bmetrmgs. Ms phslfim qum ljarmsmj dm jumvh.]B >6.>=.>4p64

Ig prhplmdgd dm uj frgslimh mj Ehrpus Ebrlstl-Egjljdmy- ms msemjgrlh dm uj mjcrmjtg`lmj-th, phr gbhrg slj ljeldmjtms, mjtrm ljdamjgs yeg`pmsljhs, smaj dmjujel @gjcrmd ^mtmrsmj ig Clsegig dm Ugith dmi Auglr -Egjljdm-y-. Mi ljùmfim heupgdh chr`g pgrtm dm ujg

crgeelj dm 5.>>> bmetrmgs, qum ms grrmjdgdgg htrh garleuithr frgslimh. ^mtmrs rmigt g ig


32/42


`gyh6>>456

clsegig Aigdys Sgiimkhs qum 7.>>> dm igs 5.>>>bmetrmgs cumrhj mxprhplgdgs g cgvhr dm eljehcg`lilgs ljdamjgs, qulmjms g su vmz grrmjdg-rhj msgs 7.>>> bmetrmgs g uj frgslimh dmjh`frm Thjljbh Hpmjohwsol, qulmj sm dmdl-eg g ig pigjtgelj dm `gjdlheg. Umaj ig dm-jujelg, ihs eg`pmsljhs heupgrhj ujg pgrtm dmigs 7.>>> bmetrmgs grrmjdgdgs g Hpmjohwsolpgrg gprhvmebgrsm dm ihs cihrmelmjtms euitlvhsdm gjdlheg. Ihs eg`pmsljhs tg`flj sm gph-dmrgrhj dm htrg pgrtm dm igs 6.>>> bmetrmgsrmstgjtms, pmrtmjmelmjtms g ^mtmrs, dhjdm bgypigjtgelhjms dm shkg y gz, prhdueths qum shjmxphrtgdhs gi `mregdh dm ig vmeljg eludgd dmUlmtm Wumdgs (Frgsli). Gjtm ig dmjujelg, ihs

eg`pmsljhs cumrhj dmsgihkgdhs dm ig pgrtmeuitlvgdg, pmrh sm gjtlmjmj dmjtrh dmi ljùm-fim dm mtmrs, emreg dm ujg ehihjlg dm eg`pm-sljhs ehjheldg eh`h Ehpgarh. Igs 5.>>> bme-trmgs chr`gj pgrtm dm uj thtgi dm 6>.>>> bme-trmgs dm ig clr`g G`mrlegjg, qum ms ujeh`pimkh dm eugtrh m`prmsgs ljtmargdh phrG`mrlegjg Garhpmeugrlg U.G., ^rljelpgdhGarhpmeugrlg U.G., ^grg Garehig U.V.I. y@gjcrmd ^mtmrs. Thdhs ihs prhplmtgrlhs shj

frgslimhs, qulmjms bgem 5> ghs mstj rgdl-egdhs mj mi pgs, ljdlegrhj. GFE >=.>=.>4p7>

]j aruph dm 7=> sljtlmrrgs dm ig kurlsdleeljdm \fy yt, dlstrlth dm Euruaugty -Egjljdm-y-, heup ig mstgjelg K , uflegdg mj mi o` 4>dm ig rutg R, g 75> o` dm mstg eludgd. Mi lj-armsh sm prhdukh mi pgsgdh 5 dm gyh. Ig prh-plmdgd pmrtmjmemrg g ig eludgdgjg frgslimg@grg Gpgrmeldg ^miilzgrl dm Uhuzg, dh`lel-ilgdg mj ig eludgd dm Ihjdrljg, mstgdh dm ^g-

rgj (Frgsli). Mi ljùmfim ms ljdlvldugilzgdheh`h cljeg j`mrh 773 y tlmjm ujg mxtmjsljdm 5.555 bmetrmgs y yg bgfg sldh heupgdgbgem gprhxl`gdg`mjtm dhs ghs gtrs, pmrhcumrhj dmsgihkgdhs. Mi aruph qum ljarms gbhrgrmeig`g uj mxemdmjtm clsegi dm 7.4=.>4p64

Cg`lilgs pmrtmjmelmjtms g ig @msg Ehhrdljg-dhrg Jgelhjgi dm Hragjlzgelhjms Eg`pmsljgs-@EJHE- rmljarmsgrhj g ig mstgjelg K^, pmr-

tmjmelmjtm g ig frgslimg @grg Gpgrmeldg m-iilzgrl dm Uhuzg. Gimagj qum mxlstmj mxemdmj-

tms dm ujgs 7.4> bmetrmgs, dm igs eugims ujgs 4>> bmet-rmgs mstj heupgdgs limagi`mjtm phr mi m`prm-sgrlh Figs J. Vlqumi`m, euyg prhplmdgd smmjeumjtrg mj mi iuagr, ljdlegrhj ihs heupgj-tms. Umaj ihs dgths, ig prhplmtgrlg, rgdlegdgmj ig ihegildgd dm Ihjdrljg, mstgdh dm ^grg-

j, Frgsli, hrdmj mj gahsth dmi 6>>6 ujg`mdlelj dm igs tlmrrgs ljdlvldugilzgdgs g sujh`frm thtgilzgjdh 5.555 bmetrmgs. Ihs trg-fgkhs cumrhj rmgilzgdhs phr mi mx-kmcm rmalh-jgi dmi LFV ihegi, Lja. Lajgelh Hvmigr, euyhsrmsuitgdhs dmsegilclegrgj mi phslfim mxemdmj-tm qum shstlmjmj ihs heupgjtms dm ig zhjg. GFE63.>=.>4p75bmetrmgs, qum cum eh`prgdg g ig clr`g Lj`h-pgr. ]jg pgrtm dm mstm ljùmfim mst ihtmgdg.Mstg itl`g pgremig sm mjeumjtrg heupgdg phrcg`lilgs ljdamjgs, qulmjms shileltgrhj gi LFVig gdkudlegelj y trgjscmrmjelg dm igs tlmrrgs,qum yg cumrhj dm`gjdgdgs gjtms phr ihs eg`-pmsljhs. Ig uflegelj y mjsurg dm mstgs prh-plmdgdms sm mjeumjtrgj mj prhemsh, mxpile mirmprmsmjtgjtm dmi LFV, mi lja. Sethr Ebg`h-rrh. Mi LFV, iumah dm thdh mstm prhemsh, tlmjm


33/42


`gyh6>>4 55

qum dmcljlr mj qu pgrtm dm igs tlmrrgs smrjuflegdhs ihs eg`pmsljhs y qu zhjg smr mj-trmagdg g ihs ljdamjgs. GFE 7>.>=.>4p7>/]B7>.>=.>4p66

]jhs 7>> eg`pmsljhs, mj su `gyhrg jlhs yùkmrms, emrrgrhj ig rutg 2 Figs Agrgy pgrgrmeig`gr ig prmsmjelg dmi prmsldmjtm dmi LFV,Mrleh Lfmz. Ig ^hileg mstuvh g pujth dmdmspmkgr ig rutg, pmrh ihs sljtlmrrgs sm rmtlrg-rhj gjtms dm qum ihs ujlchr`gdhs iimaumj phr-qum bgfg eh`mjzgdh g iihvmr. Ihs igfrlmahsshj dm ^htrmrh Smjmags, dlstrlth dm \gtglty,Auglr. Cumrhj dmsgihkgdhs ujg sm`gjg gtrsdm ujg prhplmdgd dm 4=> bmetrmgs qum pmrtm-

jmem g Sethr Egrhjl. Umaj ihs eg`pmsljhsEgrhjl bgfg prh`mtldh vmjdmrims su tlmrrg,pmrh iumah sm grrmpljtl y mjtrma ig prhplm-dgd g uj `mjhjltg, qulmj cum mi qum pldl qumihs eg`pmsljhs cumrgj dmsgihkgdhs. GFE76.>=.>4p74/]B76.>=.>4p66

]j j`mrh ljdmtmr`ljgdh dm eg`pmsljhs smmst garupgjdh mj igs emregjgs dmi gsmjtg-`lmjth 2 dm Dlelm`frm, mj ^gsh \hfgl -Augl-r-, g`mjgzgj ehj heupgr trms prhplmdgdms sl

igs guthrldgdms dmi LFV jh rmsphjdmj g supmdldh dm mjtrmag dm 7.>>> bmetrmgs. Gprhxl-`gdg`mjtm 7.>>> pmrshjgs yg mstj mj mi iu-agr, smgig ig erjleg, pmrh mi prmsldmjtm dmiLFV gj jh bg gpgrmeldh pgrg bgfigr ehj ihseg`pmsljhs. GFE 76.>=.>4p74

Mi prmsldmjtm dmi LFV, Mrleh Lfmz, ljchr`qum ihs prhplmtgrlhs dm igs tlmrrgs rmeig`gdgsphr eg`pmsljhs dm ^gsh \hfgl jh qulmrmj vmj-dmr sus prhplmdgdms. Gclr` qum ihs eg`pmsl-

jhs bgfgj gjujelgdh qum pigjtmgrgj gi Ehj-armsh ig mxprhplgelj dm trms ljùmfims qumpmrtmjmemj g ljvmrslhjlstgs gim`gjms. Uhstu-vh qum ig mjtldgd jh pumdm getugr mj mstm egsh,dmfldh g qum ihs ljùmfims mstj rgelhjgi`mj-tm mxpihtgdhs. Gsl`ls`h ljdle qum g ihs dlrl-amjtms dm mstm aruph sm ims bgfgj hcrmeldhhtrgs tlmrrgs mj ihs dmpgrtg`mjths dm Ugj ^m-drh h Eggaugz. Ihs eg`pmsljhs rmshivlmrhjtrgtgr ig prhpumstg mj gsg`fimg. Lfmz ljchr-` qum mj mi dmpgrtg`mjth dm Auglr jh qum-dgj prhplmdgdms pgrg ig rmchr`g gargrlg. IJ71.>=.>4p2

]j aruph dm 6> eg`pmsljhs cum m`pigzgdhgymr 72 dm `gyh g gfgjdhjgr uj ljùmfim dm7>> bmetrmgs, mj ig ihegildgd dm Fgrrlh Jm-arh, Bmrjgjdgrlgs -Gith ^grgj- pmrtmjmelmj-tm g ujg frgslimg dm jh`frm Smrg Iueg Vh-draums Fhrdg dm Givmz, dh`lelilgdg mj Chzdm Laugz. Miig smrg sl`pim`mjtm ujg grrmj-dgtgrlg. Ihs heupgjtms cumrhj gdvmrtldhs qumsl jh gfgjdhjgfgj mi ljùmfim, igs cumrzgs dmihrdmj prhemdmrgj gi dmsgihkh GFE.7=.>4 p7=

Mj mi dlstrlth dm Ugjtg Vhsg dmi Gaugrgy (Ugj^mdrh) mcmetlvhs dm ig garupgelj mspmelgil-zgdg y dm ig phileg ihegi dmsgihkgrhj g uj aru-ph dm gprhxl`gdg`mjtm 2> eg`pmsljhs qum

mi 71 dm `gyh dmi gh mj eursh heupgrhj miljùmfim dm 7.4>> bmetrmgs pmrtmjmelmjtm gKhs ^gppgigrdh [gidvgr. Mi dmsgihkh sm blzh`mdlgjtm uj hclelh clr`gdh clr`gdh phr Gj-thjlh Fmrjgi Egseh, dm ig clsegig dm UgjtgVhsg dmi Gaugrgy. GFE.7=.>4 p7= / ]B.7=.>4p66

Htrg heupgelj y dmsgihkh dm => eg`pmsljhsslj tlmrrg, sm prhdukh mj ujg prhplmdgd dm 7.>>>bmetrmgs pmrtmjmelmjtm g ig clr`g Smtrg UG dm

Trgjquliljh Cgvmrh y Smrjleg dm Cgvmrh, mjig ihegildgd dmjh`ljgdg Ih`g ûou dmi dls-trlth dm Ugjtg Vhsg dmi Gaugrgy -Ugj ^mdrh-.Mj mstm hpmrgtlvh dm dmsgihkh cum dmtmjldh midlrlamjtm eg`pmsljh dm Ehrhrhl @gjumi Eg-frmrg phr hrdmj dmi clsegi Gjthjlh Fmrjgi, phrmi dmilth dm heupgelj dm prhplmdgd prlvgdg.Ihs dmsgihkgdhs phr ig `ggjg vhivlmrhj gheupgr mi ljùmfim g ig tgrdm, pmrh jumvg`mjtmcumrhj dmsgihkgdhs phr hrdmj kudlelgi.GFE.7=.>4 p7= / ]B.7=.>4 p66

]jgs => cg`lilgs eg`pmsljgs g`mjgzgj ehjheupgr uj mstgfimel`lmjth dm uj mjhjltg, dmig eh`pgg Elmrvh Eug dmi dlstrlth dm ^gsh\hfgl -Auglr-. Ihs `ls`hs sm mjeumjtrgjgeg`pgdhs gi ehstgdh dmi mstgfimel`lmjth ymxlamj `mjsurg gd`ljlstrgtlvg phr pgrtm dmiLFV. Umaj ihs eg`pmsljhs, ig prhplmdgd tm-jg mj thtgi 5.6>> bmetrmgs y dmspus dm vg-rlgs iuebgs uj aruph dm sljtlmrrgs ihar gdku-dlegrsm 6.>>>, qumdgjdh eh`h mxemdmjtms7.6>> bmetrmgs qum cumrhj vmjdldgs gi `m-jhjltg mj chr`g crguduimjtg. GFE 63.>=.>4p7


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`gyh6>>454

Igs cumrzgs dmi hrdmj rmgilzgrhj uj jumvh lj-tmjth dm dmsgihkh qum cljgi`mjtm qumd crus-trgdh, mj mi lj`umfim dm =>> bmetrmgs heupg-dgs phr mi eludgdgjh ehrmgjh Tgm Mho Ol`.Dhselmjths philegs sm hvlilzgrhj ehj ig l-slj dm gprmbmjdmr g `s dm 7>> heupgjtmslimagims qum rmgilzgj tgrmgs garehigs mj mi lj-`umfim qum claurg g jh`frm dm ig Gamjelg dmEhhpmrgelj Ljtmrjgelhjgi dm Ehrmg (Ohlog),

uflegdh mj ig ehihjlg Tgplrgougl Ih`g, dmidlstrlth dm Egpllfgry -Ugj ^mdrh-. Ihs heu-pgjtms mstj mj ujgs =>> bmetrmgs dm igs 7.==5qum tlmjm mj thtgi ig prhplmdgd. Idmrms dm ig@EJHE shstlmjmj qum ig Ohlog heupg lim-agi`mjtm ig prhplmdgd, phr mstg rgzj mxlamjqum igs tlmrrgs smgj mjtrmagdgs g eg`pmsljhs.GFE 62.>=.>4p66/ GFE5>.>=.>4p65

Eugdrh dm Ehjcileths

Ugj ^mdrh

Ugj ^mdrh

Gith ^grgj

Egjljdmy

G.^grgj

Gith ^grgj

Ugj ^mdrh

Ugj ^mdrh

Egjljdmy

Il`g

Augygyf yEbhr

Sgegrmt,Ltgoyry

EhrpusEbrlstl

Kugj Imj@giihrquj

\augz

Thrh ^lrFgrrlh Ugj^mdrh,Augygyf

Ebhr

Ugith dmiAuglr

G`mjgzg dmheupgelj

G`mjgzg dmheupgelj

6>>4

6>>4

G`mjgzg dmheupgelj

G`mjgzg dmheupgelj

G`mjgzg dmheupgelj

G`mjgzg dmjumvg

heupgelj

6>>4

75

6>>4

6>>5

6>>4

6>>4

21=

Uljdgths

6>43

676=

7.1>>

Uljdgths

7644

52=

5>>>

5>

Ulj dgths

Gprhxl`g-dg`mjtm

3> eg`pm-sljhs/gs

Gprhxl`g-dg`mjtm

3> eg`pm-sljhs/gs

Ulj dgths

7>>cg`lilgs

5>>cg`lilgs

77>

slj dgths

Igs cg`lilgsrmeig`gj ujmxemdmjtm dm 4>bmetrmgs

Vmeig`gj igstlmrrgs dm ujgmstgjelg

Ihs heupgjtmsrmeig`gjmxemdmjtms

Ihs heupgjtmsrmeig`gjmxemdmjtms

Igs cg`lilgsrmeig`gj gi LFVqum sm ljvmstlaume`h sm hftuvlm-rhj mstgs tlmrrgs

Igs cg`lilgs imrmeig`gj igs

tlmrrgs gi LFV y g igGJDM

Ihs eg`pmsljhsmstj gphstgdhs gvgrlhs `mtrhs dm igprhplmdgd

Ihs heupgjtmscumrhj dmsgihkgdhs

Ihs heupgjtms sm`gjtlmjmj mj ujg

pgrtm dm igs tlmrrgsdm ihs ljdamjgs

Igs tlmrrgs pmrtmjmemj g Ul`j V.Hvmigr

Igs tlmrrgs pmrtmjmemj g ig cilg.^grhdl

Igs tlmrrgs pmrtmjmemj g igpgrelgildgd gv augrgj

Ig prhplmdgd pmrtmjmem g igpgrelgildgd gvg augrgj

Ig prhplmdgd pmrtmjmem gi amjmrgirmtlrgdh Agih Msehfgr

Ig prhplmdgd pmrtmjmem g ig GJDM

Mi LFV rmgilzgr `mjsurg, fusegjdhmxemdmjtms. Mi dumh ms MstgjlsighFgrszmt.

Igs tlmrrgs smrgj dm IgurmgjhUhsg

7.>>> bmetrmgs cumrhj mxprhplgdgsmj cgvhr dm = cg`lilgs ljdamjgs, mi

rmsth pmrtmjmem g prhduethrmsfrgslimhs

Dmpgrtg mjth Iuagr Gh dmheupgelj

Gh dmljlelh

Bmetrmgs Cilgs. Ultugelj getugi Hfsmrvgelhjms


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`gyh6>>4 5=

Egjljdmy

Gith ^grgj

Auglr

Auglr

Auglr

Ugj ^mdrh

Ugj ^mdrh

Ugj ^mdrh

Euruaugty

Ltgoyry

^htrmrhSmjmags,\gtglty

2 dmDlelm`frm,^gsh \hfl

Elmrvh Eug,^gsh \hfgl

Ugjtg Vhsgdmi Gaugrgy

Ih`g ^uou,Ugjtg Vhsgdmi Gaugrgy

Egpllfgry

6>>4

6>>4

6>>4

G`mjgzgdm

heupgelj

Jhheupgdg

6>>4

6>>4

6>>5

6>>6

Ulj dgths

6>>4

6>>4

6>>4

6>>4

6>>4

6>>5

6>75

Dhscljegs

dm7.4>5 y4.756bgs.

4=>

7.>>>

7.6>>

7.4>>

7.>>>

7.==5

Gprhxl`g-dg`mjtm

7=>pmrshjgs

Ulj dgths

3>

Ulj dgths

=>

2>

=>

Gprhxl`g-dg`mjtm

7>>pmrshjgs

Ihs heupgjtms ygbgfgj sldhdmsgihkgdhs mj migh 6>>6,rmeig`gj ujmxemjdmjtm dm

7.4> bgs. dmig cljeg

Ig prhplmtgrlg ms ig frgslimg@grg G. ^miilzgrl y jh qulmrmjmahelgr sus tlmrrgs

Igs tlmrrgs pmrtmjmemj gi LFV, yihs cujelhjgrlhs ljdlegj qum vgj gdmtmr`ljgr djdm smrj uflegdhsihs eg`pmsljhs y ihs ljdamjgs.

Igs tlmrrgs shj dm Sethr Egrhjl

Igs prhplmdgdms rmeig`gdgs shjdm ljvmrslhjlstgs gim`gjms

Mi dumh smrg uj `mjhjltg

Igs tlmrrgs shj dm Khs ^gppgigr-dh [gidvgr

Igs tlmrrgs shj dm ig clr`g SmtrgUG dm Trgjquliljh y SmrjlegCgvmrh

Ig prhplmdgd pmrtmjmem g igOhlog, qum jh qulmrm jmahelgr

Dmpgrtg`mjth Iuagr Gh dmheupgelj

Gh dmljlelh

Bmetrmgs Cilgs. Ultugelj getugi Hfsmrvgelhjms

]j hpmrgtlvh clsegi-philelgi dmtuvh mj Auglr g == eg`pmsljhs qum rmeig`gfgj tlmrrgs rmeurrlmjdh gifihqumh ljtmr`ltmjtm dm ig rutg 2, ehfrh dm pmgkms y heupgelhjms `h`mjtjmgs dmi lj`umfim prmtmj-dldh. Mi gpgrgthsh hpmrgtlvh clsegi-philelgi mstuvh mjegfmzgdh phr ig clsegig dmi Auglr, gfhagdg@lrjg Vlvgs, ehj mi gphyh dm egsehs gzuims iimagdhs dmsdm Ehrhjmi Hvlmdh, gdm`s philegs dmi

Auglr, dhs egrrhs bldrgjtms, g`fuigjelgs, pmrshjgi `dleh dm ig Clsegig y getugrlhs. Ihs eg`pmsl-jhs, geg`pgdhs mj mi eruem \gtgyty dmsdm ljlelhs dm gyh, mstgfgj rmeig`gjdh ujg prhplmdgd dm 4=>bmetrmgs qum getugi`mjtm pmrtmjmem g Egrihs Gichjsh y bmr`gjhs, qulmjms gdqulrlmrhj ig prhplmdgddm ig cg`lilg Egrhjl y mstj prmpgrgjdh ig tlmrrg pgrg euitlvgr egg duiem. Ihs dmtmjldhs thtgilzgj mjprljelplh == pmrshjgs, mjtrm miigs 55 vgrhjms, 2 ukmrms y 74 mjhrms. Ihs dmtmjldhs cumrhj iimvgdhsg ig Clsegig y smrj trgsigdgdhs g ig pmjltmjelgrg dm Sliigrrleg, ljdlegrhj cumjtms hclelgims. IJ 5>.>=.>4p> pmrshjgs qum cumrhj dmsgihkgdgs dm ig prhplmdgd dm ujg m`prmsg frgslimg mj ig zhjg dmEhrhrhl, Ugjtg Vhsg dmi Gaugrgy, g`mjgzgj ehj fihqumgr ig rutg 5 phr tlm`ph ljdmcljldh, sl su idmr@gjumi Egfrmrg jh ms pumsth mj ilfmrtgd. Egfrmrg mst rmeiuldh mj ig eremi dm Ugj ^mdrh dm \eug-`gjdyy, trgs smr geusgdh dm heupgelj dm prhplmdgd prlvgdg. Ihs sljtlmrrgs gdm`s geusgj g ig^hileg dm bgfmr rmqulsgdh `gebmtms, bgebgs, chlzgs, eugdmrjhs dm emjsgdhs y tg`flj ig su`g dm

4>>.>>> augrgjms. ]B 6>.>=.>4p67

DMTMJELHJMU Gpgrgthsh hpmrgtlvh philelgi


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`gyh6>>453

JHTLELGULJTMVJGELHJGIMU

MM.]] dmfm rmjujelgr

INFORMATIVO CAMPESINO - 188 - MAYO 2004 - CDE - PORTALGUARANI

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