Kollektive Eigenschaften in Kern-Kern Kollisionen bei hohen Energien
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Transcript of Kollektive Eigenschaften in Kern-Kern Kollisionen bei hohen Energien
1 Symposium, Heidelberg, 12 Dec 2006 Kai Schweda
Kollektive Eigenschaftenin Kern-Kern Kollisionen
bei hohen Energien
Kai Schweda, Physikalisches Institut/ GSI Darmstadt
2 Symposium, Heidelberg, 12 Dec 2006 Kai Schweda
Quantum Chromodynamics
1) Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the established theory of strongly interacting matter.
2) Gluons hold quarks together to from hadrons:
3) Gluons and quarks, or partons, typically exist in a color singlet state: confinement.
baryonmeson
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http://www.lbl.gov/Publications/Nobel/
COBE: Discovery `baby photo’ of the universeRHIC: Live history of the universe
LHC RHIC COBE
George SmootJohn Mather
10 –6 sec 10 –4 sec 3 min 15 Mil Jahre
Quark-GluonPlasma Nukleonen Kerne Atome Heute
Natur
Experiment
Urknall
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Quark Gluon Plasma
Source: Michael Turner, National Geographic (1996)
Quark Gluon Plasma:
(a) Deconfined and
(b) thermalized state of quarks and gluons
Study partonic EOS at RHIC and LHC(?) Probe thermalization using heavy-quarks
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Peripheral Event
STARSTAR
Au + Au Collisions at RHICAu + Au Collisions at RHIC
(real-time Level 3)
6 Symposium, Heidelberg, 12 Dec 2006 Kai SchwedaSTARSTAR
Mid-Central Event
Au + Au Collisions at RHICAu + Au Collisions at RHIC
(real-time Level 3)
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Au + Au Collisions at RHICAu + Au Collisions at RHIC
STARSTAR
Central Event
(real-time Level 3)
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Pressure, Flow, …Pressure, Flow, …
pdVdUd Thermodynamic identity
– entropy p – pressureU – energy V – volume= kBT, thermal energy per dof
In A+A collisions, interactions among constituentsand density distribution lead to: pressure gradient collective flow
number of degrees of freedom (dof) Equation of State (EOS) cumulative – partonic + hadronic
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Protons From RHIC
Mor
e ce
ntra
l col
lisio
ns
1) In central collisions, spectrum becomes more concave
collective flow !2) Flow velocity <> = 0.60 ± 0.05 in most central collisions
Anisotropy Parameter v2
y
x
py
px
coordinate-space-anisotropy momentum-space-anisotropy
y 2 x 2y 2 x 2
v2 cos2 , tan 1(py
px
)
Initial/final conditions, EoS, degrees of freedom
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v2 at Low Momentum
P. H
uo
vi ne
n, p
r ivate
com
mu
nica
t i on
s, 20
04
- Mass hierarchy collective flow !- Hydro-dynamical model : acces to equation of state !
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-meson Flow: Partonic Flow
-mesons:
- little hadronic interactions
- strong collective flow
- formed via coalescence of
thermal s-quarks
Collectivity at
quark level !
STAR Preliminary: SQM06, S. Blyth
Hwa and Yang, nucl-th/0602024; Chen et al., PRC73 (2006) 044903
13 Symposium, Heidelberg, 12 Dec 2006 Kai Schweda
Collectivity, Deconfinement at RHIC
- v2 of light hadrons and multi-strange hadrons - scaling by the number of quarks
At RHIC: number-of-constituent
quark scaling
De-confinement
PHENIX: PRL91, 182301(03) STAR: PRL92, 052302(04), 95, 122301(05) nucl-ex/0405022, QM05
S. Voloshin, NPA715, 379(03)Models: Greco et al, PRC68, 034904(03)Chen, Ko, nucl-th/0602025Nonaka et al. PLB583, 73(04)X. Dong, et al., Phys. Lett. B597, 328(04).
i ii
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EoS Parameters at RHIC
In central Au+Au collisions at RHIC - partonic freeze-out:
*Tpfo = 165 ± 10 MeV weak centrality dependence
vpfo ≥ 0.2 (c)
- hadronic freeze-out:*Tfo = 100 ± 5 (MeV) strong centrality
dependence
vfo = 0.6 ± 0.05 (c)
Systematic studies are needed to understand the centrality dependence of the EoS parameters * Thermalization assumed
Symposium, Heidelberg, 12 Dec 2006 Kai Schweda
Quark Masses
1) Higgs mass: electro-weak symmetry breaking. (current quark mass)
2) QCD mass: Chiral symmetry breaking. (constituent quark mass)
Strong interactions do not
affect heavy-quark masses.
Important tool for studying properties of the hot/dense medium at RHIC.
Test pQCD predictions at RHIC and LHC.
Total quark mass (MeV)
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J/Enhancement at LHC Statistical hadronization
strong centrality dependence
of J\ yield at LHC
Need total charm yields !
Measure D0, D±, c
Probe deconfinement
and thermalization
Calculations: P. Braun Munzinger, K. Redlich, and J. Stachel, nucl-th/0304013.
cc
Number of participants
More central collisions
J/: c c
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Pb+Pb
ccc / D :
p+p
c
c c
Multiply Heavy-flavored Hadrons
F. Becattini, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 022301 (2005);P. Braun Munzinger, K. Redlich, and J. Stachel, nucl-th/0304013.
Statistical hadronization
- de-confined heavy-quarks
- equilibrated heavy-quarks
Enhancement up to x1000 !
Measure cc, cc, Bc, (ccc)
Need total charm yields
Probe deconfinement and
thermalization @ LHC
Quark Gluon Plasma !
Quarks and gluons hadrons
x1000
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The key point is to idenitfy and measure
Heavy-Flavor CollectivityD0, D, D+
s, +C, J/, B0, B±, , …
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Energie in einer Blei-Blei Kollision
1150 TeV = 0.18 mJ
Faktor 300 höher als in SPS Experimenten
sehr heisser Feuerball!
T = 1000 MeV
Large Hadron Collider
LHC am CERN
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ITS
TPCTRD
ALICE beim LHC
Bis zu 60000 geladene Teilchen
Faktor 25 höher als beim SPS
~ PetaByte (1015) pro Jahr
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J/ e+ + e- Reconstruction
J/ e+ + e-
(BR = 6%)
Reconstruct
invariant mass
TRD identifies
electrons
Identify
quarkonia
J/: c c : b b
Ta
ken
fr om
P. S
en
ge
r
1) LHC heavy-flavor program:
2) FAIR / CBM program:
- Study medium properties- pQCD in hot and dense medium - Search for phase boundary.- Chiral symmetry restoration
Start: 2007
Start: ~2012