LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl,...

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LENA Photosensor R&D LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German Beischler Zeitlmair, German Beischler Technische Universität München Technische Universität München DPG-Frühjahrstagung 2011, DPG-Frühjahrstagung 2011, Karlsruhe Karlsruhe 2011/03/31 2011/03/31

Transcript of LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl,...

Page 1: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

LENA Photosensor R&DLENA Photosensor R&D

Marc TippmannMarc TippmannLothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin

Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German BeischlerZeitlmair, German Beischler

Technische Universität MünchenTechnische Universität München

DPG-Frühjahrstagung 2011, KarlsruheDPG-Frühjahrstagung 2011, Karlsruhe2011/03/312011/03/31

Page 2: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

Overview

Page 3: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

LENA photosensor requirementsLENA photosensor requirements

Page 4: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

LENA photosensor requirements: Overview

Requirements on photo sensors• Sensor performance• Environmental properties• Availability until start of

construction• Cost-performance-ratio

Requirements on photo sensors• Sensor performance• Environmental properties• Availability until start of

construction• Cost-performance-ratio

Desired energy resolution for low energies:→ Light yield ≥ 200 photoelectrons/MeV→ 30% optical coverage → 3000m² effective photosensitive area needed→ Current standard configuration:Liquid scintillator detector: 63,000 PMTs (8“) with Winston Cones (area ×1.75)Water cherenkov muon veto: 6,000 PMTs (8“) 1/9

Page 5: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

TimingTTS (spe, FWHM) <3.0ns

Early pulses <1%

Late pulses <4%

LENA photosensor requirements: List

2/9

Page 6: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

TimingTTS (spe, FWHM) <3.0ns

Early pulses <1%

Late pulses <4%

LENA photosensor requirements: List

Photo detection efficiencyPDE for λpeak=420nm >20%

Dynamic range spe – 0.3pe/cm²

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Page 7: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

Michael Wurm, TUM, LENA - PMm² meeting 07/04/2009

LENA photosensor requirements: List

Noise (for PMTs)

Gain >3 10∙ 6

spe p/V >2

Dark count per area <15Hz/cm²

Ionic afterpulses (0.1-200 μs) <5%

Fast afterpulses (5-100 ns) <5%

TimingTTS (spe, FWHM) <3.0ns

Early pulses <1%

Late pulses <4%

Photo detection efficiencyPDE for λpeak=420nm >20%

Dynamic range spe – 0.3pe/cm²

2/9

Page 8: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

LENA photosensor requirements: ListTeresa Marrodán, PhD thesis

TimingTTS (spe, FWHM) <3.0ns

Early pulses <1%

Late pulses <4%

Photo detection efficiencyPDE for λpeak=420nm >20%

Dynamic range spe – 0.3pe/cm²

Noise (for PMTs)

Gain >3 10∙ 6

spe p/V >2

Dark count per area <15Hz/cm²

Ionic afterpulses (0.1-200 μs) <5%

Fast afterpulses (5-100 ns) <5%Photon

Fast afterpulse

2/9

Page 9: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

LENA photosensor requirements: ListTeresa Marrodán, PhD thesis

Environmental propertiesPressure resistance >10bar238U content <3 10∙ -8 g/g232Th content <1 10∙ -8 g/gnatK content <2 10∙ -5 g/g

Detector lifetime >30yrs

TimingTTS (spe, FWHM) <3.0ns

Early pulses <1%

Late pulses <4%

Photo detection efficiencyPDE for λpeak=420nm >20%

Dynamic range spe – 0.3pe/cm²

Noise (for PMTs)

Gain >3 10∙ 6

spe p/V >2

Dark count per area <15Hz/cm²

Ionic afterpulses (0.1-200 μs) <5%

Fast afterpulses (5-100 ns) <5%

2/9

Page 10: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

Fast afterpulses (fAP):Ongoing measurements of fAP time distribution for candidate PMT series →• Investigate causes• Currently studying their influence on the efficiency of the

p decay coincidence: Bachelor thesis by Thurid Mannel• Possible methods of discrimation from photons?

Bachelor thesis by Martin Zeitlmair

LENA photosensor requirements

3/9

Page 11: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

PMT characterizationPMT characterization

Page 12: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

Borexino PMT testing facility• Pulsed ps laser diode light source:

410nm, light pulse FWHM <30ps• Total time resolution <140ps• Can measure up to 32 PMTs

simultaneously• Measure transit time distribution

(TDC), fast + ionic afterpulse time distribution (MTDC), charge spectrum (ADC)

Measurements at the LNGS, Gran Sasso

Measured 1 sample each of: • Hamamatsu: R6091(3“), R6594(5“),

R5912(8“) and R7081(10“)• ETEL: 9351(8“)

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Page 13: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

5“

10“

Measurements @LNGS:R6594 vs. R7081

R6594 (5“) R7081 (10“)

Voltage +1670V +1520V

Gain 1.0 10∙ 7 1.3 10∙ 7

Photoelectrons (pe) per trigger

5.53% 2.91%

Threshold 0.2pe 0.2pe

TTS (FWHM) (Hamamatsu)

1.91ns (1.5ns)

3.05ns (3.5ns)

Early pulses (all non-gaussian)

2.95% 0.57%

Late pulses (after photon pulse peak)

3.13% 3.09%

5/9

Page 14: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

Measurements @LNGS:R6594 vs. R7081

R6594 (5“) R7081 (10“)

Voltage +1670V +1520V

Gain 1.0 10∙ 7 1.3 10∙ 7

Photoelectrons (pe) per trigger

5.53% 2.91%

Threshold 0.2pe 0.2pe

TTS (FWHM) (Hamamatsu)

1.91ns (1.5ns)

3.05ns (3.5ns)

Early pulses (all non-gaussian)

2.95% 0.57%

Late pulses (after photon pulse peak)

3.13% 3.09%

Dark count (5.23kHz) 2.64kHz

Dark count per area

(46.3 Hz/cm²)

5.26 Hz/cm²

Ionic afterpulses 0.94% 5.12%

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Page 15: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

Measurements @LNGS:R6594 vs. R7081

R6594 (5“) R7081 (10“)

Voltage +1670V +1520V

Gain 1.0 10∙ 7 1.3 10∙ 7

Photoelectrons (pe) per trigger

5.53% 2.91%

Threshold 0.2pe 0.2pe

TTS (FWHM) (Hamamatsu)

1.91ns (1.5ns)

3.05ns (3.5ns)

Early pulses (all non-gaussian)

2.95% 0.57%

Late pulses (after photon pulse peak)

3.13% 3.09%

Dark count (5.23kHz) 2.64kHz

Dark count per area

(46.3 Hz/cm²)

5.26 Hz/cm²

Ionic afterpulses 0.94% 5.12%

Peak-to-valley ratio

3.88 3.095/9

Page 16: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

Measurements @ LNGS: ResultsParameters + Constraints

R6091 (3“) with 1.8“ aperture

R6594 (5“)

R5912 (8“)

R7081 (10“)

ETL9351 (8“) no. 1732

ETL9351 (8“) average

Voltage +1760V +1670V +1425V +1520V +1500V ≈+1450V

Gain 1.0 10∙ 7 1.0 10∙ 7 1.3 10∙ 7 1.3 10∙ 7 1.0 10∙ 7 1.0 10∙ 7

pe/trigger (npe) 2.21% 5.53% 1.83% 2.91% 4.78% 5.19%

TTS (FWHM) <3.0ns(manufacturer)

1.89ns(2.0ns)

1.91ns (1.5ns)

2.04ns(2.4ns)

3.05ns (3.5ns)

2.16ns 2.76ns

EP (all nongauss.) <1% 0.14% 2.95% 1.93% 0.57% 1.23% 0.75% (3σ)

LP (after PP peak) <4% 6.26% 3.13% 2.88% 3.09% 4.08% 7.90% (3σ)

DN 0.192kHz (5.23kHz) 1.62kHz 2.64kHz 1.72kHz 2.48kHz

DN/area <15Hz/cm² 12.1 Hz/cm²(eff.)

(46.3 Hz/cm²)

5.1 Hz/cm²

5.3 Hz/cm²

5.3 Hz/cm² 7.7 Hz/cm²

Ionic AP < 5% 0.14% 0.94% 6.62% 5.12% 2.57% 4.9%

p/V >2 2.04 3.88 2.99 3.09 2.25 2.10

At the moment no conclusive decision possible: Need to measure ≈10 PMTs/series and determine limits + implications on physics from simulations 6/9

Page 17: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

OutlookOutlook

Page 18: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

Outlook: Munich photosensor test stand

• FADC: Acqiris DC282, 10bit, 8 GHz• Light sources:

• Pulsed ps diode laser: Edinburgh Instruments EPL-405-mod, 403nm, pulse width 48ps

• Fast LED driven by avalanche diode: 430nm, time jitter (FWHM) <≈1ns

Currently being set up Done: Light sources implemented and

working, electronics running Next steps: include fiber and beam

widening optics, finish online analysis software based on Labview

Plan to study: PMTs: time distribution, fast AP, ionic AP, pulse shape, dynamic range, surface scans; also SiPMs 7/9

Page 19: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

Outlook: Optical module development

Light Concentrators (Winston Cones)• MC simulations of light concentrators

with geant4• Incorporate results into optical model of

detector (geant4 MC) → determine optimum light concentrator

• Build prototype + scan with laser over aperture and incident angles

Diploma thesis by Michael Nöbauer

Pressure encapsulations• Design pressure encapsulations with

FEM pressure simulation, e.g. spherical shape or conical shape, integrate Winston Cones + Mu-metal shielding into design

• Build + test prototypesBachelor thesis by German Beischler

Borexino Winston Cone

8/9

Page 20: LENA Photosensor R&D Marc Tippmann Lothar Oberauer, Michael Wurm, Gyorgy Korga, Quirin Meindl, Michael Nöbauer, Thurid Mannel, Martin Zeitlmair, German.

SummarySummary

• Approximate limits on photosensor properties Approximate limits on photosensor properties known known →→ do simulations to refine values do simulations to refine values

• Have tested promising PMT series from Have tested promising PMT series from Hamamatsu @ LNGS Hamamatsu @ LNGS →→ repeat for more repeat for more samples of Hamamatsu + ETEL PMTs in Munichsamples of Hamamatsu + ETEL PMTs in Munich

• Also test SiPMs and Hybrid PhototubesAlso test SiPMs and Hybrid Phototubes

• Have started development of pressure-Have started development of pressure-withstanding optical modules for PMTs withstanding optical modules for PMTs incorporating Winston Cones and Mu-metalincorporating Winston Cones and Mu-metal 9/9