List of All Chemicals Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae ...

List of All Chemicals

P Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae)

Chemical Part All LowPPM

HighPPM

StdDev Reference

(-)-THUJONE Plant 2500.0 13000.0 List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis,Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.

(-)-THUJONE Essential Oil -- -- *

1,8-CINEOL Leaf -- -- *

1,8-CINEOL Et -- 50000.0 *

1,8-CINEOL Essential Oil 73000.0 217000.0 1.91 *

1,8-CINEOL Leaf Essent.Oil

91000.0 357000.0 1.94 *

1,8-CINEOLE Plant 390.0 6288.0 1.2 *

Activities (67)

(-)-Chronotropic 87 nl/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993(E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

(-)-Inotropic 87 nl/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993(E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Acaricide LC100=6 uMAllelopathicAllergenicAnestheticAnthelmintic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.AntiacetylcholinesteraseIC50=41 ug/mlAntiallergic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569.Antibacterial 50 ppmAntibronchiticAnticariogenicAnticatarrh Martindale's 29thAnticholinesteraseIC50=50-70AntifatigueAntihalitosic American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993.AntiinflammatoryAntilaryngiticAntinociceptiveAntipharyngitic

Antiplaque

AntirheumaticAntirhiniticAntiseptic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.AntisinusiticAntispasmodicAntistaphylococcic 50ppmAntitussiveAntiulcerCNS-Stimulant

Common name(s)Sage

How usedFood

Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. BocaRaton, FL. CRC Press.*

*

Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases Downloaded Sun May 22 01:16:39 EDT 2022National Agricultural Library

CandidicideCarcinogenic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.CholereticConvulsantCounterirritant Martindale's 29thCytochrome-P450-InducerDecongestantDegranulant 0.3 ul/mlDentifrice Martindale's 29thEdemagenic injExpectorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.FLavor FEMA 1-200 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicideGastroprotectiveGram(+)icideGram(-)icideHepatotonicHerbicide IC50=78 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665

pp.HypotensiveInflammatory injInsectifugeIrritant Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.Myorelaxant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press,

London. 296pp.Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.NeurotoxicP450-InducerPediculicide 2.3 xpyrethrinPerfume Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPesticideRubefacient Martindale's 29thSecretogogueSedativeSpasmogenicSurfactantTestosterone-Hydroxylase-InducerTransdermalTrichomonicideLD100=1,000 ug/ml

1,8-CINEOLE-SYNTHETASE Leaf -- -- *

1-OCTEN-3-OL Plant -- -- *

2-ALPHA,3-ALPHA-DIHYDROXY-OLEAN-12-EN-28-OIC-ACID

Leaf -- -- *

2-ALPHA-HYDROXY-3-OXO-OLEAN-12-EN-28-OIC-ACID

Leaf -- 17.0 *

2-AMINO-ADIPIC-ACID Shoot -- 1.6 *

2-METHYL-3-METHYLENE-5-HEPTANE

Leaf 50.0 280.0 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils1979-1980.

2-METHYL-3-METHYLENE-HEPT-CIS-5-ENE

Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 8000.0 *

2-METHYL-3-METHYLENE-HEPT-CIS-5-ENE

Leaf 40.0 224.0 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

2-METHYL-3-METHYLENE-HEPT-TRANS-5-ENE

Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 1000.0 *

2-METHYL-3-METHYLENE-HEPT-TRANS-5-ENE

Leaf 5.0 28.0 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

3-CARENE Plant -- -- *

3-EPIOLEANOLIC-ACID Leaf -- 1.4 *


3-ISOTHUJONE Leaf -- -- *

Activities (2)

Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Pesticide

5-METHOXYSALVIGENIN Leaf -- -- *

6,7-DIMETHOXY-ROSMANOL Shoot -- 2.0 *

6-METHOXY-GENKWANIN Plant -- -- Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.

6-METHOXYGENKWANIN-7-METHYL-ETHER

Plant -- -- *

6-METHOXYLUTEOLIN Plant -- -- *

6-METHOXYLUTEOLIN-7-METHYL-ETHER

Leaf -- -- Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.

6-METHOXYLUTEOLIN-7-METHYL-ETHER

Plant -- -- *

7-METHOXY-ROSMANOL Shoot -- 2.0 -1.0 *

7-O-ACETYL-HORMINONE Root -- -- *

ACETO-HYDROXY-ROYLEANONE

Plant -- -- *

ALANINE Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.

Activities (3)

Antioxidant Larson, R.A. 1987. Review Article Number 30. The Antioxidants of Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 27: 969-978.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Oxidant Larson, R.A. 1987. Review Article Number 30. The Antioxidants of Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 27: 969-978.

ALLO-AROMADENDRENE Leaf 15.0 84.0 -0.18 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils1979-1980.

ALLO-AROMADENDRENE Essential Oil -- 1800.0 -1.0 *

ALPHA-AMYRIN Plant -- -- *

Activities (10)

AnalgesicAntiedemic IC43=40 mg/kg ipr ratAntiinflammatory IC71=1,000 ppm orlAntinociceptiveAntitumorAntiulcerCytotoxic 50-400GastroprotectiveHepatoprotectiveInsectifuge

ALPHA-AMYRIN Leaf -- 1800.0 *

Activities (10)

AnalgesicAntiedemic IC43=40 mg/kg ipr ratAntiinflammatory IC71=1,000 ppm orlAntinociceptiveAntitumorAntiulcerCytotoxic 50-400GastroprotectiveHepatoprotectiveInsectifuge

ALPHA-BETA-THUJONE Essential Oil -- 347000.0 *


ALPHA-CADINOL Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

Activities (3)

AcaricideAntimitePesticide

ALPHA-CEDRENE Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.

Activities (3)

Cancer-Preventive

Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Researchand Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.

Perfume Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Researchand Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.

ALPHA-CEDRENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

Activities (3)

Cancer-Preventive


Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Researchand Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.

Perfume Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Researchand Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.

ALPHA-COPAENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

ALPHA-COROCALENE Plant -- -- *

ALPHA-GURJUNENE Plant -- -- *

ALPHA-HUMULENE Leaf 110.0 616.0 0.58 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils1979-1980.

Activities (2)

Antitumor Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal of NaturalProducts 55(7): 999-1003, 1992.

Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.

ALPHA-HUMULENE Et -- 21000.0 *

Activities (2)



ALPHA-HUMULENE Essential Oil -- 19300.0 -0.31 *

Activities (2)



ALPHA-HUMULENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 29000.0 0.26 *

Activities (2)



ALPHA-MUUROLENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

ALPHA-OLEANOLIC-ACID Plant -- -- *

ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE Essential Oil -- -- *


Activities (11)

Antibacterial Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The GenusVetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands.

Antistaphylococcic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The GenusVetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands.

Dermal Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791pp.

EmeticFLavor FEMA 10-130

Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

Fungicide Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O),970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Insectiphile Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986.Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.LaxativePerfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.Pesticide

ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

Activities (11)









pp.Pesticide

ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE Leaf -- -- Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Activities (11)









pp.Pesticide

ALPHA-PINENE Leaf Essent.Oil

35000.0 55000.0 -0.45 *


Activities (28)

AllelochemicAllergenicAntiacneAntibacterialAntifeedantAntiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.Antiinflammatory 500 mg/kgAntipneumonicAntisepticAntispasmodicAntistaphylococcicAntiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.ColeoptophileExpectorant Michael Castleman 1991. The Healing Herbs. Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA 436 pp.FLavor FEMA 15-150 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHerbicide IC50=30 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc.

NY. 665 pp.Insecticide 0.82 uM/flyInsectifuge 50 ppmInsectiphile J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986.Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.P450-2B1-InhibitorIC50=0.087 uMPerfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPesticideSedative Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90.SpasmogenicTranquilizer Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90.Transdermal

ALPHA-PINENE Essential Oil 11700.0 40100.0 -0.21 *

Activities (28)





ALPHA-PINENE Plant 7.0 1540.0 0.61 *

Activities (28)




ALPHA-PINENE Et -- 35000.0 1.0 *


Activities (28)



London. 791 pp.

P450-2B1-InhibitorIC50=0.087 uMPerfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPesticideSedative Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90.SpasmogenicTranquilizer Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90.Transdermal

ALPHA-TERPINENE Leaf 10.0 56.0 -0.28 *

Activities (13)

ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml (weakactivity)AcaricideAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100ug/ml

Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo,(20): 95-101.

Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=1.0mMAntinitrosaminicAntispasmodicFLavor FEMA 1-40 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryInsecticide 0.86 uM/flyInsectifugeP450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.76 uMPerfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPesticideSpasmogenic

ALPHA-TERPINENE Et -- 1000.0 *


Activities (13)




ALPHA-TERPINENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 2000.0 -0.58 *

Activities (13)



Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=1.0mMAntinitrosaminic

AntispasmodicFLavor FEMA 1-40 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryInsecticide 0.86 uM/flyInsectifugeP450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.76 uMPerfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPesticideSpasmogenic

ALPHA-TERPINENE Essential Oil -- 11200.0 -0.46 *

Activities (13)




ALPHA-TERPINEOL Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 1000.0 -0.84 *


Activities (23)

ACE-Inhibitor 100ug/ml (weakactivity)Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml

Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101.

Allelopathic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The GenusVetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands.

AntiacneAntibacterialMIC=800-1,600ug/ml

Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem.41: 1102-1105.

Anticancer Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.AnticariogenicMIC=800-1,600ug/ml


AntiinflammatoryAntiproliferantAntiseptic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.CicatrizantED50=240 ug/gmusFLavor FEMA 5-40 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryInsecticide 1.29uM/flyInterleukin-6-InhibitorMosquitofuge >DeetMotor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and

Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DCNematicide MLC=1mg/ml

Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.

Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

PesticideSedative Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and

Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DCTermiticideIC100=5 mg/gTransdermalVulneraryED50=240 ug/gmus

ALPHA-TERPINEOL Leaf 5.0 910.0 1.01 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils1979-1980.


Activities (23)















ALPHA-TERPINEOL Essential Oil -- 3700.0 -0.61 *


Activities (23)















ALPHA-TERPINEOL ACETATE Et -- 9000.0 *

ALPHA-THUJENE Essential Oil -- 1200.0 -0.39 *

ALPHA-THUJENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 13800.0 -0.42 *

ALPHA-THUJENE Leaf -- 386.0 3.25 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

ALPHA-THUJONE Et -- 206000.0 *

Activities (6)

Abortifacient Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.Antibacterial J. Ess. Oil Res. 7: 271.Emmenagogue Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.InsecticideLarvicide Misra, L.N. and Singh, S.P. Alpha-Thujone, The Major Component Of The Essential Oil From Artemisia vulgaris Growing Wild In Nilgiri Hills. Journal of

Natural Products, 49: 941, 1986.Pesticide

ALPHA-THUJONE Essential Oil 73300.0 408500.0 *

Activities (6)




ALPHA-THUJONE Leaf 200.0 10172.0 2.58 *

Activities (6)



ALPHA-THUJONE Leaf Essent.Oil

200000.0 363300.0 *

Activities (6)



ALPHA-URSOLIC-ACID Plant -- -- *

ALUMINUM Leaf 18.0 115.0 -0.66 *

Activities (5)

Antisilicotic Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987.Antivaginitic Martindale's 28thCandidicide Martindale's 28thEncephalopathic Martindale's 29thPesticide

APIGENIN Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.

Activities (101)

11B-HSD-InhibitorAntiADDAntiHIV IC72=200 ug/mlAntiHIV IC50=143 ug/mlAntiaflatoxin IC50=9.52uMAntiaflatoxin IC50=2.57ppmAntiaggregantAntiagingAntiallergic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiangiogenic 4 uMAntiarrhythmicAntibacterial Recio, M. C., Rios, J. L., and Villar, A., A review of some antimicrobial compounds isolated from medicinal plants reported in the literature

1978-1988, Phytotherapy Research, 3(4), 1989, 117-125.Anticancer (Lung)AnticomplementaryAntidermatitic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.

Antiestrogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiherpetic 20-54 ug/mlAntihistaminic IC50=10-35 uMAntiinflammatory #NAME?AntiinflammatoryIC~65=1,000 uMAntileukemic 20-50 uMAntimelanomic 1-50 uMAntimetastatic 1-50 uMAntimutagenic ID50=10-40 nM

Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992.ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp.

Antimutagenic ID50=0.55ug/mlAntioxidant 1.5 x Vit. EAntioxidant IC28.5=62.5ug/ml


AntiperistalticAntiproliferant 1-50 uMAntiproliferant IC50=155uMAntispasmodic EC50=1-5uMAntistress 10 mg/kgAntithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.Antitumor 1-50 uMAntitumor (Breast) 1-50uMAntitumor (Lung)Antitumor (Skin)Antiviral 20-54 ug/mlAnxiolytic 10 mg/kgApoptotic 12-60 uMAromatase-InhibitorIC65=1 uM/l

Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 235.1999.

Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor IC50=~40 uMCNS-DepressantCOX-1-InhibitorIC65=1,000 uMCOX-2-InhibitorIC>65=1,000 uMCOX-2-Inhibitor <40 uMCOX-2-Inhibitor IC50=<15uMCalcium-Antagonist? Biochimica & Biophysica Acta, 1115: 69, 1991.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CholereticCyclooxygenase-InhibitorCytochrome-P450-1A1-InhibitorCytotoxic IC88=10 ug/ml Planta Medica, 57: A113, 1991.Cytotoxic 1-50 uMCytotoxic IC50=9.5 uMDNA-ProtectiveDeiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.Differentiator MIC=30 uMDifferentiator IC40=40 uMDiuretic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Estrogenic EC50=0.1-25uM/l


Estrogenic 16% genisteinEstrogenic EC50=1 uMHIF-1alpha-InhibitorHyaluronidase-InhibitorIC50+=50-250 uMHypotensive Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.ICAM-1-InhibitorIKK-InhibitorInotropicInterleukin-6-InhibitorMAO-InhibitorMAPK-InhibitorMusculotropic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.MutagenicMyorelaxant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.NADH-Oxidase-InhibitorNF-kB-InhibitorNO-Synthase-Inhibitor 5-50 uMNodulation-Signal Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Ornithine-Decarboxylase-InhibitorP21-Inducer 10-70 uMPKC-Inhibitor IC50=10 uMPTK-Inhibitor 10-100 uMPesticidePolyamine-Synthesis-Inhibitor


ProgestationalProtein-Kinase-C-InhibitorIC50=10-40 uMQuinone-Reductase-Inducer 20 uM

Uda, Y., Price, K. R., Williamson, G., Rhodes, M. J. C. 1997. Induction of the Anticarcinogenic Marker Enzyme, Quinone Reductase, in MurineHepatoma Cells In Vitro by Flavonoids. Cancer Lett., 120 (2): 213-216.

RadioprotectiveSedative 30-100 mg/kgSunscreenTNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=3.27 uMTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor Santti, R., Makela, S., Strauss, L., Korman, J., Kostian, M. L. 1998. Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males. Toxicol Ind Health,

14: 223-237.Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor50 ug/ml

Azuma, Y., Onishi, Y., Sato, Y., Kizaki, H. 1995. Effects of Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors With Different Modes of Action on TopoisomeraseActivity and Death of IL-2-Dependent CTLL-2-Cells. J Biochemistry, 118: 312-318.

Topoisomerase-II-InhibitorIC28=18 uMTopoisomerase-II-InhibitorIC45=180 uMUterotrophic EC50=0.1-25uM/l


VEGF-Inhibitor IC50=2-7uMVasodilatorXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor0.36 uMiNOS-Inhibitor IC50=<15uM

APIGENIN Shoot -- -- *

Activities (101)

11B-HSD-InhibitorAntiADDAntiHIV IC72=200 ug/mlAntiHIV IC50=143 ug/ml

Antiaflatoxin IC50=9.52uMAntiaflatoxin IC50=2.57ppmAntiaggregantAntiagingAntiallergic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiangiogenic 4 uMAntiarrhythmicAntibacterial Recio, M. C., Rios, J. L., and Villar, A., A review of some antimicrobial compounds isolated from medicinal plants reported in the literature

1978-1988, Phytotherapy Research, 3(4), 1989, 117-125.Anticancer (Lung)AnticomplementaryAntidermatitic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.Antiestrogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiherpetic 20-54 ug/mlAntihistaminic IC50=10-35 uMAntiinflammatory #NAME?AntiinflammatoryIC~65=1,000 uMAntileukemic 20-50 uMAntimelanomic 1-50 uMAntimetastatic 1-50 uMAntimutagenic ID50=10-40 nM


Antimutagenic ID50=0.55ug/mlAntioxidant 1.5 x Vit. EAntioxidant IC28.5=62.5ug/mlAntiperistalticAntiproliferant 1-50 uMAntiproliferant IC50=155uMAntispasmodic EC50=1-5uMAntistress 10 mg/kgAntithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.Antitumor 1-50 uMAntitumor (Breast) 1-50uMAntitumor (Lung)


Antitumor (Skin)Antiviral 20-54 ug/mlAnxiolytic 10 mg/kgApoptotic 12-60 uMAromatase-InhibitorIC65=1 uM/l


Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor IC50=~40 uMCNS-DepressantCOX-1-InhibitorIC65=1,000 uMCOX-2-InhibitorIC>65=1,000 uMCOX-2-Inhibitor <40 uMCOX-2-Inhibitor IC50=<15uMCalcium-Antagonist? Biochimica & Biophysica Acta, 1115: 69, 1991.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CholereticCyclooxygenase-InhibitorCytochrome-P450-1A1-InhibitorCytotoxic IC88=10 ug/ml Planta Medica, 57: A113, 1991.Cytotoxic 1-50 uMCytotoxic IC50=9.5 uMDNA-ProtectiveDeiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.Differentiator MIC=30 uMDifferentiator IC40=40 uMDiuretic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Estrogenic EC50=0.1-25uM/l


Estrogenic 16% genisteinEstrogenic EC50=1 uMHIF-1alpha-InhibitorHyaluronidase-InhibitorIC50+=50-250 uMHypotensive Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.ICAM-1-InhibitorIKK-InhibitorInotropicInterleukin-6-InhibitorMAO-InhibitorMAPK-InhibitorMusculotropic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.MutagenicMyorelaxant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.NADH-Oxidase-InhibitorNF-kB-InhibitorNO-Synthase-Inhibitor 5-50 uMNodulation-Signal Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Ornithine-Decarboxylase-InhibitorP21-Inducer 10-70 uMPKC-Inhibitor IC50=10 uMPTK-Inhibitor 10-100 uMPesticidePolyamine-Synthesis-InhibitorProgestationalProtein-Kinase-C-InhibitorIC50=10-40 uMQuinone-Reductase-Inducer 20 uM

Uda, Y., Price, K. R., Williamson, G., Rhodes, M. J. C. 1997. Induction of the Anticarcinogenic Marker Enzyme, Quinone Reductase, in MurineHepatoma Cells In Vitro by Flavonoids. Cancer Lett., 120 (2): 213-216.

RadioprotectiveSedative 30-100 mg/kgSunscreenTNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=3.27 uMTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor Santti, R., Makela, S., Strauss, L., Korman, J., Kostian, M. L. 1998. Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males. Toxicol Ind Health,

14: 223-237.


Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor50 ug/ml

Azuma, Y., Onishi, Y., Sato, Y., Kizaki, H. 1995. Effects of Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors With Different Modes of Action on TopoisomeraseActivity and Death of IL-2-Dependent CTLL-2-Cells. J Biochemistry, 118: 312-318.

Topoisomerase-II-InhibitorIC28=18 uMTopoisomerase-II-InhibitorIC45=180 uMUterotrophic EC50=0.1-25uM/l


VEGF-Inhibitor IC50=2-7uM

VasodilatorXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor0.36 uMiNOS-Inhibitor IC50=<15uM

APIGENIN-7-O-BETA-D-GLUCURONYLPYRANOSIDE

Shoot -- -- *

APIGENIN-7-O-BETA-D-GLUCURONYLPYRANOSIDE

Plant -- -- Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

AROMADENDRENE Plant -- -- *

Activities (3)

Antiseptic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791pp.

Cancer-Preventive


Pesticide

ASCORBIC-ACID Leaf 55.0 350.0 -0.41 *

Activities (112)

Acidulant FEMA 6,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Analgesic 5-10 g/dayAngiotensin-Receptor-BlockerAntiAGE 2,000 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntiCFS 500-1,000 mgAntiCTS 1,000 mg 3x/dayAntiCrohn's 50-100mg/day/orl/man

Martindale's 29th

AntiLyme 500-2,000 mgAntiRaynaud's 500 mg 1-2x/dayAntiaggregant Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antiaging 400 mg/dayAntiallergicAntialzheimeran 2,000-6,000mg/dayAntiarthritic 0.2-1 g/dayAntiasthmatic 1,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiatheroscleroticAntibacterial Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticataract 350 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticataract 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Anticataract 1 g 3x/dayAnticervicaldysplasic 1,000-2,000 mg/dayAnticlimacteric 500-5,000mg/dayAnticold 1-2 g/man/dayAntidecubitic 500mg/man/2x/day

Martindale's 28th

AntidementiaAntidepressant 2,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antidiabetic Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antidote (Aluminum) Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.

Antidote (Cadmium) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Paraquat) Martindale's 28th


Antieczemic 3.5-5 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiedemic 1 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiencephalitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiendometriotic 2,000mg/dayAntifatigue 500-1,000 mgAntifibrotic 1,000-2,000 mgAntigallstone 1,000-3,000mg/dayAntigastriticAntigingiviticAntiglaucomic 2 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antihangover 1,000 mgAntihemorrhagic 1 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihepatitic 2-6 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihepatotoxic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiherpetic 1-5 g/dayAntihistaminic 2 g/day orlmanAntihypertensiveAntiinfertility 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinflammatory Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antilepric 1.5 g/man/day Martindale's 28thAntilithic 1,000-3,000 mg/dayAntimaculiticAntimeasles Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antimenopausal 500-5,000mg/dayAntimigraine Martindale's 29thAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntineuramidaseAntinitrosic 1 g/man/day Martindale's 28thAntiobesity 1 g 3x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiorchitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiosteoarthritic 1 g 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiosteoporotic 500 mg/dayAntioxidant 100 ppmAntiparkinsonian 1 g 2-3x/dayAntiparotitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiperiodontitic 1 g 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antipneumonic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antipodriac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antipoliomyelitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antipyretic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiradicular Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntiretinoticAntirheumaticAntirhinitic 1,000 mg 3x/dayAntiscorbutic 10 mg/man/day Martindale's 28thAntiseptic MIC=3.3-217mg/ml

Martindale's 28th

Antiseptic 4-8 g/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Antishingles Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antispasmodic 500-5,000mg/day

Antistress 500-1,000 mgAntisyndrome-X 1-4 g/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antitumor (Gastric)Antitumor (Lung)AntiulcerAntiviral 1-5 g/dayApoptotic 1-10 mMAsthma-preventive 1,000mg/day/orl

Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

Beta-Adrenergic ReceptorBlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor1.5 g/day/manCalcium-AntagonistCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.


CardioprotectiveCold-preventive 1-2 g/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.CollagenicDetoxicantDiuretic 700 mg/man/orlFistula-Preventive Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Hypocholesterolemic 300-1,000 mg/day

Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

Hypoglycemic Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Hypotensive 1,000mg/man/dayImmunomodulatorImmunostimulant Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Interferonogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Lithogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Mucolytic 1 g/woman/day Martindale's 28thPesticideUricosuric 4 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Urinary-Acidulant Martindale's 29thVasodilatorVulnerary Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

ASH Leaf 13659.0 87000.0 -0.56 *

ASPARAGINE Plant -- -- *

Activities (2)

Antisickling Ekeke, G.I. and Shode, F.O. 1988. Phenylalanine is the Predominant Antisickling Agent in Cajanus cajan Seed Extract. Planta Medica 56(1): 41, 1990.Diuretic HerbalGram No. 17.

AVENASTEROL Fruit Essent.Oil

-- -- *

AVENASTEROL Fruit -- -- Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

BETA-AMYRIN Plant -- -- *

Activities (9)

AnalgesicAntiedemic IC27=40 mg/kg ipr ratAntiinflammatoryAntinociceptiveAntiulcerGastroprotectiveHepatoprotectiveLarvicideMosquitocide

BETA-AMYRIN Leaf -- 1000.0 *

Activities (9)

AnalgesicAntiedemic IC27=40 mg/kg ipr ratAntiinflammatoryAntinociceptiveAntiulcerGastroprotectiveHepatoprotectiveLarvicideMosquitocide

BETA-BOURBONENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

BETA-CAROTENE Leaf 6.0 39.0 -0.97 *


Activities (53)

AllergenicAndrogenic? Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntiPMSAntiacne Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntiagingAntiarthriticAntiasthmatic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Anticancer Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Anticarcinomic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AnticervicaldysplasicAnticoronary 50 mg/man/2 daysAntihyperkeratoticAntiichythyotic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntileukoplakicAntilipoperoxidant IC71=50ug/mlAntilupus 150 mg/man/day/2mos

Martindale's 28th

AntimaculiticAntimastitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Antioxidant Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntiozenicAntipapillomicAntiphotophobic 30-300mg/man/day

Martindale's 29th

Antipityriasic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiporphyric 30-300mg/man/day

Martindale's 28th

Antiproliferant Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antipsoriac Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiradicular Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antirheumatic

Antistress Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antitumor Simon, P.W. Carrots and Other Horticultural Crops as a Source of Provitamin A Carotenes. HortScience, 25(12): 1495, 1990.Antitumor (Breast) IC45=60ug/mlAntitumor (CNS) IC43=45 ug/mlAntitumor (Colon) IC43=45 ug/mlAntitumor (Lung) IC30=60 ug/mlAntitumor (Prostate)Antitumor (Stomach) IC26=45ug/mlAntiulcer 12 mg 3x/day/man/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiulcer 15,000-25,000 IU/dayAntixerophthalmic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.COX-1-Inhibitor IC78=50 ug/mlCOX-2-Inhibitor IC82=50 ug/mlCancer-Preventive 22 ppm Jim Duke's personal files.ChemopreventiveColorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.GastroprotectiveImmunostimulant 180mg/man/day/orl


Interferon-SynergistMucogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Phagocytotic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Prooxidant 20 ug/gThymoprotective Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.

BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE Leaf 500.0 760.0 0.04 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils1979-1980.

BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE Et -- 41000.0 *

BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE Essential Oil 18900.0 66000.0 -0.22 *


BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 11000.0 -0.34 *

BETA-COPAENE Plant -- -- List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis,Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.

BETA-MYRCENE Essential Oil -- -- *

Activities (2)

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Perfumery Merck 11th Edition

BETA-OLEANOLIC-ACID Plant -- -- *

BETA-PHELLANDRENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 1000.0 -0.83 *

Activities (3)

Expectorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.Fungicide Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp.,

1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Perfumery Merck 11th Edition

BETA-PHELLANDRENE Leaf 5.0 28.0 -0.4 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Activities (3)

Expectorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.Fungicide Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp.,

1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Perfumery Merck 11th Edition

BETA-PINENE Et -- 18000.0 *

Activities (13)

AllergenicAntiinflammatoryAntiseptic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.AntispasmodicCandidicideFLavor FEMA 15-600


Herbicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPesticideSpasmogenic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.

296pp.Transdermal

BETA-PINENE Leaf Essent.Oil

21000.0 55000.0 1.62 *

Activities (13)





296pp.Transdermal


BETA-PINENE Essential Oil 11300.0 26100.0 -0.15 *

Activities (13)



Herbicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.

Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets forResearch and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.

Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPesticideSpasmogenic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.

296pp.Transdermal

BETA-PINENE Plant 20.0 1540.0 1.23 *

Activities (13)





296pp.Transdermal

BETA-SITOSTEROL Leaf 5.0 2449.0 0.24 *


Activities (47)

AndrogenicAngiogenicAnorexic Martindale's 28thAntiadenomic Merck 11th EditionAntiandrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antibacterial Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits

and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.Anticancer (Cervix)Anticancer (Lung)Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orlAntiestrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Antifertility Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antigonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antihyperlipoproteinaemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.AntiinflammatoryAntileukemicAntilymphomicAntimutagenic 250 ug/mlAntiophidic 2.3 mg mus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.Antioxidant IC44=10 uMAntiprogestational Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12wksAntiprostatadenomic Merck 11th EditionAntiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3x/day/orl man

Antipyretic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits

and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.Antitumor (Cervix)Antitumor (Lung)Antiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua.

Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991.ApoptoticArtemicide LC50=110 ppm Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum

fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Candidicide Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.Caspase-8-InducerEstrogenicFebrifuge Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.Gonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.HepatoprotectiveHypocholesterolemic 2-6g/man/day/orl

Martindale's 30th

Hypocholesterolemic 9-3,330mg/man/day/orl

Martindale's 28th

Hypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal ofEthnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.

Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/dayPesticideSpermicide Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat

BETA-SITOSTEROL Stem -- 1214.0 1.09 *


Activities (47)



Frost, London. 791 pp.AntiinflammatoryAntileukemicAntilymphomicAntimutagenic 250 ug/mlAntiophidic 2.3 mg mus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.Antioxidant IC44=10 uMAntiprogestational Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12wksAntiprostatadenomic Merck 11th EditionAntiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3x/day/orl manAntipyretic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits




Martindale's 30th


Martindale's 28th




BETA-SITOSTEROL SproutSeedling

-- -- *


Activities (47)



Frost, London. 791 pp.AntiinflammatoryAntileukemicAntilymphomicAntimutagenic 250 ug/mlAntiophidic 2.3 mg mus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.Antioxidant IC44=10 uMAntiprogestational Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12wks

Antiprostatadenomic Merck 11th EditionAntiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3x/day/orl manAntipyretic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits




Martindale's 30th


Martindale's 28th




BETA-SITOSTEROL Root -- -- *


Activities (47)



Frost, London. 791 pp.AntiinflammatoryAntileukemicAntilymphomicAntimutagenic 250 ug/mlAntiophidic 2.3 mg mus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.Antioxidant IC44=10 uMAntiprogestational Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.

Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12wksAntiprostatadenomic Merck 11th EditionAntiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3x/day/orl manAntipyretic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits




Martindale's 30th


Martindale's 28th




BETA-SITOSTEROL Fruit Essent.Oil

-- -- *


Activities (47)



Frost, London. 791 pp.AntiinflammatoryAntileukemicAntilymphomicAntimutagenic 250 ug/mlAntiophidic 2.3 mg mus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.Antioxidant IC44=10 uMAntiprogestational Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12wksAntiprostatadenomic Merck 11th EditionAntiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3x/day/orl manAntipyretic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits




Martindale's 30th


Martindale's 28th




BETA-SITOSTEROL-D-GLUCOSIDE

Seed -- -- *

Activities (6)

Antispasmodic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.AntitumorCNS-Depressant Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of the Horticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar.CNS-StimulantConvulsantHypoglycemic


BETA-THUJONE Leaf Essent.Oil

174000.0 356000.0 *

Activities (5)

Abortifacient Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.Antibacterial J. Ess. Oil Res. 7: 271.Emmenagogue Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.InsectifugePesticide

BETA-THUJONE Leaf 200.0 9968.0 2.76 *

Activities (5)


BETA-THUJONE Et -- 151000.0 *

Activities (5)


BETA-THUJONE Essential Oil 52300.0 142500.0 *

Activities (5)


BETA-URSOLIC-ACID Plant -- -- *

BETULIN Leaf -- 15.0 -0.48 *

Activities (13)

AntiHIV 6.1 uMAnticarcinomicAntifeedantAntifluAntiinflammatory Recio, M., et al. 1994. Investigations on the Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Triterpenoids from Diospyros leucomelas*. Planta

Medica, 61: 9.Antitumor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Antiviral 6.1 uMAphidifuge Lugemwa, F.N., Huang, F-Y., Bentley, M.D., Mendel, M.J., and Alford, A.R. 1990. A Heliothis zea Antifeedant from the Abundant Birchbark

Triterpene Betulin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38(2): 493-494.Cytotoxic 600 ppmCytotoxic 8.6 uMHypolipemicProstaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor IC50=119 uM

Huang, C., Tunon, H., Bohlin, L. 1995. Anti-Inflammatory Compounds Isolated from Menyanthes trifoliata L. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao, 30(8):621-626.

Topoisomerase-II-InhibitorIC50=38.6 uM

BORNEOL Et -- 79000.0 *


Activities (35)

(-)-Chronotropic 29ug/ml

Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O),970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

(-)-Inotropic 29 ug/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O),970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

AllelochemicAnalgesicAntiacetylcholine Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.

296pp.AntibacterialMIC=125-250 ug/ml

Antibronchitic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

AntiescherichicMIC=125 ug/mlAntifeedantAntiinflammatoryAntiotiticAntipyreticAntisalmonellaMIC=125 ug/mlAntispasmodicED50=0.008 mg/mlAntistaphylococcicMIC=250 ug/mlAntiyeast MIC=250ug/mlCNS-Stimulant List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.CNS-Toxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.CandidicideMIC=250 ug/mlCholereticFLavor FEMA<1 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicideHepatoprotectiveHerbicide IC50=470mM

Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: RecentAdvances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

Herbicide IC50=470uM

Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.

Inhalant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

Insect-RepellentInsectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Irritant Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.Myorelaxant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.

296pp.Nematicide MLC=1mg/ml



PesticideSedative Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Tranquilizer

BORNEOL Essential Oil 19700.0 156000.0 0.63 *


Activities (35)





296pp.AntibacterialMIC=125-250 ug/mlAntibronchitic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.AntiescherichicMIC=125 ug/mlAntifeedantAntiinflammatoryAntiotiticAntipyretic

AntisalmonellaMIC=125 ug/mlAntispasmodicED50=0.008 mg/mlAntistaphylococcicMIC=250 ug/mlAntiyeast MIC=250ug/mlCNS-Stimulant List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.CNS-Toxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.CandidicideMIC=250 ug/mlCholereticFLavor FEMA<1 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicideHepatoprotectiveHerbicide IC50=470mM










BORNEOL Leaf Essent.Oil

16000.0 250000.0 2.73 *


Activities (35)






791 pp.AntiescherichicMIC=125 ug/mlAntifeedantAntiinflammatoryAntiotiticAntipyreticAntisalmonellaMIC=125 ug/mlAntispasmodicED50=0.008 mg/mlAntistaphylococcicMIC=250 ug/mlAntiyeast MIC=250ug/mlCNS-Stimulant List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.

CNS-Toxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

CandidicideMIC=250 ug/mlCholereticFLavor FEMA<1 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicideHepatoprotectiveHerbicide IC50=470mM










BORNEOL Shoot -- 7000.0 6.37 *


Activities (35)






791 pp.AntiescherichicMIC=125 ug/mlAntifeedantAntiinflammatoryAntiotiticAntipyreticAntisalmonellaMIC=125 ug/mlAntispasmodicED50=0.008 mg/mlAntistaphylococcicMIC=250 ug/mlAntiyeast MIC=250ug/mlCNS-Stimulant List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.CNS-Toxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.CandidicideMIC=250 ug/mlCholereticFLavor FEMA<1 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicideHepatoprotective

Herbicide IC50=470mM










BORNEOL-ACETATE Essential Oil 17900.0 59000.0 -0.13 *

BORNEOL-ACETATE Leaf Essent.Oil

1000.0 63500.0 -0.03 *

BORNEOL-ACETATE Et -- 26000.0 *

BORNYL-ACETATE Shoot 5.0 1780.0 2.55 *


Activities (12)

(-)-Chronotropic 933nl/ml

Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

(-)-Inotropic 933 nl/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Antibacterial Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.AntispasmodicED50=0.09 mg/ml

Fitoterapia No.59-1984.

Antiviral Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Expectorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.FLavor FEMA 70-80 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryInsectifuge Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis,

Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Myorelaxant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press,

London. 296pp.PesticideSedative

BORON Leaf 25.0 41.0 -0.55 Betting on Boron, Unpublished draft by J. A. Duke on file at USDA, draft andpapers relating to boron percentages. Includes Internat. Z. Vit. Ern. Forschung43:1973 (boron).

Activities (4)

Androgenic 3 mg/man/dayAntiosteoarthritic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiosteoporotic 3 mg/man/dayEstrogenic 3 mg/man/day

CAFFEIC-ACID Shoot -- -- *

Activities (102)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml(weak activity)

Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine,and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.

Allergenic

AnalgesicAntiHIV EC50=200 ug/mlAntiLegionellaAntiadenoviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antiaggregant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor

& Frost, London. 791 pp.AntiagingAntiatherogenicAntibacterialAnticancerAnticarcinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntidepressantAntiedemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antielastase IC50=93 um/lAntielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM)AntiescherichicAntiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antigonadotropic Jim Duke's personal files.Antihemolytic 25 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic

Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orlmusAntihepatotoxicAntiherpetic 50 ug/mlAntiherpetic EC50=>50 ug/mlAntihistaminicAntihypercholesterolemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntihyperthyroidAntiinflammatoryAntileukemic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am

J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.AntileukotrieneAntimelanogenicAntimutagenic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds

in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.Antinitrosaminic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds

in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.


AntiophidicAntioxidant 50 uMAntioxidant IC57=30 ppmAntioxidant 1/3 quercetinAntioxidant 30 mMAntioxidant 1.3 x Vit. EAntioxidant 1/2 BHAAntiperoxidant IC50=44 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/mlAntiperoxidant IC85=100 ug/mlAntiproliferant Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am

J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.AntiprostaglandinAntiradicular 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic

Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.Antiradicular 1/3 quercetinAntiradicular 30 mMAntiradicular IC50=32-35 uMAntisepticAntispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73.AntistaphylococcicAntistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antisunburn

Antithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl musAntitumor (Skin)Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM Cancer Research, 48: 5941.AntiulcerogenicAntivaccinia Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/mlAnxiolyticCNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393

pp.COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uMCalcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbtCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Carcinogenic 2% (diet)ChemopreventiveCholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393

pp.Choleretic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden,

the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Clastogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor

& Frost, London. 791 pp.Co-carcinogenicCollagen-SparingCytoprotective Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The

Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/mlDNA-Active Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor

& Frost, London. 791 pp.DNA-ProtectiveDiuretic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393

pp.Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/mlHepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orlmus (in the absence of alcohol)Hepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific

Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210.HepatotropicHistamine-InhibitorImmunostimulantInsectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L.

(Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.Leukotriene-InhibitorLipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38:

688-690.Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=62-148 uMLyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uMMetal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food

and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25.


Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.PesticideProoxidantProstaglandigenicSedative 500 mgSunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2):

134-136, 1993.Sunscreen IC91=5 mg/l Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2):

134-136, 1993.Sunscreen IC98=25 mg/l Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2):

134-136, 1993.Tumorigenic Jim Duke's personal files.VulneraryXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21uM

Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.

CAFFEIC-ACID Inflorescence -- -- *

Activities (102)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml(weak activity)

Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine,and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.

AllergenicAnalgesicAntiHIV EC50=200 ug/mlAntiLegionellaAntiadenoviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antiaggregant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor

& Frost, London. 791 pp.AntiagingAntiatherogenicAntibacterialAnticancerAnticarcinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntidepressantAntiedemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antielastase IC50=93 um/lAntielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM)AntiescherichicAntiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antigonadotropic Jim Duke's personal files.Antihemolytic 25 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic

Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orlmusAntihepatotoxicAntiherpetic 50 ug/mlAntiherpetic EC50=>50 ug/mlAntihistaminicAntihypercholesterolemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntihyperthyroidAntiinflammatoryAntileukemic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am

J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.AntileukotrieneAntimelanogenicAntimutagenic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds

in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.Antinitrosaminic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds

in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.AntiophidicAntioxidant 50 uMAntioxidant IC57=30 ppmAntioxidant 1/3 quercetinAntioxidant 30 mMAntioxidant 1.3 x Vit. EAntioxidant 1/2 BHAAntiperoxidant IC50=44 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/mlAntiperoxidant IC85=100 ug/mlAntiproliferant Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am

J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.Antiprostaglandin


Antiradicular 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of ChlorogenicAcids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.

Antiradicular 1/3 quercetinAntiradicular 30 mMAntiradicular IC50=32-35 uMAntisepticAntispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73.AntistaphylococcicAntistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.AntisunburnAntithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl musAntitumor (Skin)Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM Cancer Research, 48: 5941.AntiulcerogenicAntivaccinia Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/mlAnxiolyticCNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393

pp.COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uMCalcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbtCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Carcinogenic 2% (diet)ChemopreventiveCholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393

pp.Choleretic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden,

the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Clastogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor

& Frost, London. 791 pp.Co-carcinogenicCollagen-SparingCytoprotective Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The

Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/mlDNA-Active Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor

& Frost, London. 791 pp.DNA-ProtectiveDiuretic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393

pp.Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/mlHepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orlmus (in the absence of alcohol)Hepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific

Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210.HepatotropicHistamine-InhibitorImmunostimulantInsectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L.

(Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.Leukotriene-InhibitorLipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38:

688-690.Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=62-148 uMLyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uMMetal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food

and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25.Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.PesticideProoxidantProstaglandigenicSedative 500 mg

Sunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2):134-136, 1993.

Sunscreen IC91=5 mg/l Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2):134-136, 1993.

Sunscreen IC98=25 mg/l Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2):134-136, 1993.

Tumorigenic Jim Duke's personal files.VulneraryXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21uM

Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.


CALAMENE Plant 5.0 28.0 1.0 *

CALCIUM Leaf 1696.0 10800.0 -0.52 *

Activities (28)

AntiPMS 1 g/dayAntiallergic 500 mg/dayAntianxiety Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mgAntiarthritic 1,000 mg/dayAntiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/dayAntidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Aluminum) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihyperkinetic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntihypertensiveAntiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antimenopausal 1,000-1,500 mg/dayAntiobesityAntiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/dayAntiperiodontitic 750 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/dayAntistress 500-1,500 mg/dayAntitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anxiolytic 500-1,500 mg/dayCalcium-Channel-BlockerDiureticHypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Hypotensive 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Laxative 1,000-1,200 mgTranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/dayVasodilator

CAMPESTEROL Fruit Essent.Oil

-- -- *

Activities (2)

Antioxidant IC37=10 uMHypocholesterolemic Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

CAMPESTEROL Leaf -- 120.0 -0.2 Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in HumanNutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)

Activities (2)


CAMPESTEROL Fruit -- -- Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Activities (2)


CAMPHENE Et -- 47000.0 *


Activities (9)


Antilithic? Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files.Expectorant Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-

O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.FLavor FEMA 15-175 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHypocholesterolemic? Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.PesticideSpasmogenic Fitoterapia No.59-1984.

CAMPHENE Essential Oil 30200.0 60700.0 1.13 *

Activities (9)






CAMPHENE Leaf Essent.Oil

28000.0 66400.0 1.48 *

Activities (9)






CAMPHENE Leaf 20.0 18592.0 6.83 *

Activities (9)






CAMPHOR Leaf -- 9324.0 -0.04 *


Activities (41)

AllelopathicAnalgesicAnestheticAntiacne Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Antidiarrheic 500ug/ml

Wealth of India.

Antidysenteric 500ug/ml

Wealth of India.

Antiemetic 100-200 mg man orl

Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.

AntifeedantIC50=5,000 ppmdiet

Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advancesin Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

Antifibrositic Martindale's 28thAntineuralgic Martindale's 28thAntipruritic Merck 11th EditionAntiseptic Merck 11th EditionAntispasmodicED50=0.075mg/ml


CNS-StimulantCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Carminative Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.Convulsant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The

Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R.Cosmetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Counterirritant Martindale's 28thDecongestant Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Deliriant Merck 11th EditionEcbolicEmeticEpileptigenic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.

296pp.Expectorant Martindale's 29thFungicideED50=2.7 mM


HerbicideIC50=3.3-180 mM


Insect-RepellentInsectifugeIrritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Nematicide MLC=1mg/ml


Occuloirritant

P450-2B1-InhibitorIC50=7.89 uMPesticideRespirainhibitor Merck 11th EditionRespirastimulant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.RubefacientStimulant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The

Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R.TransdermalVerrucolytic Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Vibriocide 500ug/ml

Wealth of India.

CAMPHOR Essential Oil 76000.0 305000.0 0.54 *


Activities (41)


Wealth of India.


Wealth of India.


















OcculoirritantP450-2B1-InhibitorIC50=7.89 uMPesticideRespirainhibitor Merck 11th EditionRespirastimulant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.RubefacientStimulant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The


Wealth of India.

CAMPHOR Leaf Essent.Oil

44000.0 458000.0 2.01 *


Activities (41)


Wealth of India.


Wealth of India.


















OcculoirritantP450-2B1-InhibitorIC50=7.89 uMPesticide

Respirainhibitor Merck 11th EditionRespirastimulant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.RubefacientStimulant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The


Wealth of India.

CAMPHOR PericarpEssent. Oil

-- 229000.0 *


Activities (41)


Wealth of India.


Wealth of India.


















OcculoirritantP450-2B1-InhibitorIC50=7.89 uMPesticideRespirainhibitor Merck 11th Edition

Respirastimulant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.RubefacientStimulant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The


Wealth of India.

CARBOHYDRATES Leaf 103620.0 660000.0 0.38 *

CARNOSIC-ACID Resin,Exudate, Sap

-- 57000.0 *

Activities (2)

Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Antioxidant IC50=0.81 uM

CARNOSIC-ACID Leaf -- 12400.0 1.59 *

Activities (2)



CARNOSIC-ACID Shoot -- 35.0 -0.67 *

Activities (2)


CARNOSIC-ACID-12-METHYL-ETHER

Shoot -- -- *

CARNOSIC-ACID-METHYL-ESTER

Resin,Exudate, Sap

-- 39000.0 *

CARNOSIC-ACID-METHYL-ESTER

Shoot -- 45.0 *

CARNOSOL Resin,Exudate, Sap

-- 36000.0 *

Activities (20)

5-Lipoxygenase-InhibitorIC50 (uM)=2AntiHIV J. Nat. Prod. 56: 1426.Antibiotic Encarnacion Dimayuga, R., Keer Garcia, S., Halfdan Nielsen, P., and Christophersen, C. 1989. Traditional Medicine of Baja California Sur

(Mexico) III. Carnosol: A Diterpene Antibiotic from Lepechinia hastata. J. Ethnopharmacology, 31: 43-48, 1991.Antihepatotoxic Joyeux, M., Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Mortier, F., and Dorfman, P. 1989. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Injury in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes: A

Model for Studying Anti-Hepatotoxic Crude Drugs. Planta Medica 56(2): 171-173, 1990.Antiinflammatory McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their

Effects on Health, Ch.25.Antilipoperoxidant Joyeux, M., Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Mortier, F., and Dorfman, P. 1989. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Injury in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes: A

Model for Studying Anti-Hepatotoxic Crude Drugs. Planta Medica 56(2): 171-173, 1990.Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Antioxidant McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their

Effects on Health, Ch.25.Antiradicular Joyeux, M., Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Mortier, F., and Dorfman, P. 1989. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Injury in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes: A

Model for Studying Anti-Hepatotoxic Crude Drugs. Planta Medica 56(2): 171-173, 1990.Antitumor McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their

Effects on Health, Ch.25.Antitumor-Promoter McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their

Effects on Health, Ch.25.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Candidicide Encarnacion Dimayuga, R., Keer Garcia, S., Halfdan Nielsen, P., and Christophersen, C. 1989. Traditional Medicine of Baja California Sur

(Mexico) III. Carnosol: A Diterpene Antibiotic from Lepechinia hastata. J. Ethnopharmacology, 31: 43-48, 1991.Cyclooxygenase-InhibitorIC50 (uM) =16Fungicide Encarnacion Dimayuga, R., Keer Garcia, S., Halfdan Nielsen, P., and Christophersen, C. 1989. Traditional Medicine of Baja California Sur

(Mexico) III. Carnosol: A Diterpene Antibiotic from Lepechinia hastata. J. Ethnopharmacology, 31: 43-48, 1991.Metal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their

Effects on Health, Ch.25.Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor

McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and TheirEffects on Health, Ch.25.

PesticideProtease-Inhibitor J. Nat. Prod. 56: 1426.Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 100 mg/kg ipr rat

Singletary, K. W. 1996. Rosemary Extract and Carnosol Stimulate Rat Liver Glutathione-s-transferase and Quinone Reductase Activities. CancerLett., 100: 139-144.

CARNOSOL Shoot -- 34.0 -0.94 *


Activities (20)
















CARNOSOL Plant -- -- *

Activities (20)





Model for Studying Anti-Hepatotoxic Crude Drugs. Planta Medica 56(2): 171-173, 1990.

Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Antioxidant McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their











CARNOSOL Leaf -- 1660.0 -0.53 *


Activities (20)
















CARNOSOLIC-ACID Leaf -- 2100.0 *

Activities (7)

AntiHIV IC90=0.32ug/ml

J. Nat. Prod. 56: 1426.

Antihepatotoxic Joyeux, M., Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Mortier, F., and Dorfman, P. 1989. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Injury in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes: AModel for Studying Anti-Hepatotoxic Crude Drugs. Planta Medica 56(2): 171-173, 1990.

Antilipoperoxidant Joyeux, M., Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Mortier, F., and Dorfman, P. 1989. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Injury in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes: AModel for Studying Anti-Hepatotoxic Crude Drugs. Planta Medica 56(2): 171-173, 1990.

AntioxidantAntiradicular Joyeux, M., Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Mortier, F., and Dorfman, P. 1989. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Injury in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes: A

Model for Studying Anti-Hepatotoxic Crude Drugs. Planta Medica 56(2): 171-173, 1990.Cytotoxic TC90=0.36ug/ml

J. Nat. Prod. 56: 1426.

Protease-InhibitorIC90=0.08 ug/ml

J. Nat. Prod. 56: 1426.

CARYOPHYLLENE Essential Oil -- 33000.0 -0.15 *


Activities (31)

Aldose-Reductase-InhibitorAllergenicAnalgesic Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp.AntiacneAntiasthmatic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.AntibacterialAnticariogenicMIC=>1,600 ug/ml


AntidermatiticAntiedemic Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of

Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990.Antifeedant 500ppm


AntiinflammatoryIC50=100 uM

Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect ofParaguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990.

AntileishmanicAntionychyotic Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp.AntiproliferantAntispasmodicAntistaphylococcicAntistreptococcicAntitumor Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal of

Natural Products 55(7): 999-1003, 1992.Antiulcer Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp.CandidicideFLavor FEMA 20-200


FungicideGastroprotective Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp.InsectifugeIrritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.LarvicideMosquitocidePerfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticideSedativeTermitifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.

CARYOPHYLLENE Leaf 1.0 1430.0 0.13 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils1979-1980.


Activities (31)

Aldose-Reductase-InhibitorAllergenicAnalgesic Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp.AntiacneAntiasthmatic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.AntibacterialAnticariogenicMIC=>1,600 ug/ml


AntidermatiticAntiedemic Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of

Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990.Antifeedant 500ppm


AntiinflammatoryIC50=100 uM

Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect ofParaguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990.

AntileishmanicAntionychyotic Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp.AntiproliferantAntispasmodicAntistaphylococcicAntistreptococcicAntitumor Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal of

Natural Products 55(7): 999-1003, 1992.Antiulcer Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp.CandidicideFLavor FEMA 20-200


FungicideGastroprotective Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp.InsectifugeIrritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.LarvicideMosquitocidePerfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticideSedativeTermitifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.

CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE Plant 55.0 308.0 0.16 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils1979-1980.

Activities (8)

Antiedemic Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect ofParaguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990.

Antifeedant Bettarini, F., Borgonovi, G.E., et al. 1991. Antiparasitic Compounds from East African Plants: Isolation and Biological Activity of Anonaine,Matricarianol, Canthin-6-One and Caryophyllene Oxide. Insect Sci. Applic. 14(1): 93-99, 1993.

Antiinflammatory Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect ofParaguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990.

Antitumor Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal ofNatural Products 55(7): 999-1003, 1992.

Calcium-AntagonistED50=32 uM gpgFungicideInsecticide Bettarini, F., Borgonovi, G.E., et al. 1991. Antiparasitic Compounds from East African Plants: Isolation and Biological Activity of Anonaine,

Matricarianol, Canthin-6-One and Caryophyllene Oxide. Insect Sci. Applic. 14(1): 93-99, 1993.Pesticide

CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE Essential Oil -- 13100.0 *


Activities (8)

Antiedemic Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect ofParaguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990.

Antifeedant Bettarini, F., Borgonovi, G.E., et al. 1991. Antiparasitic Compounds from East African Plants: Isolation and Biological Activity of Anonaine,Matricarianol, Canthin-6-One and Caryophyllene Oxide. Insect Sci. Applic. 14(1): 93-99, 1993.

Antiinflammatory Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect ofParaguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990.

Antitumor Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal ofNatural Products 55(7): 999-1003, 1992.

Calcium-AntagonistED50=32 uM gpgFungicideInsecticide Bettarini, F., Borgonovi, G.E., et al. 1991. Antiparasitic Compounds from East African Plants: Isolation and Biological Activity of Anonaine,

Matricarianol, Canthin-6-One and Caryophyllene Oxide. Insect Sci. Applic. 14(1): 93-99, 1993.Pesticide

CATECHIN Plant -- -- *


Activities (43)

Allelochemic IC86=1 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants:Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

Antiaggregant IC68=200 ug/mlAntialcoholic 2,000 mg/man/day Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiarthritic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antibacterial MIC=>1,000 ug/ml Planta Medica, 57: A42, 1991.AnticariogenicAntiedemic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiendotoxic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Antiflu Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antihepatitic 1 g 3x/day/man Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antihepatotoxic Merck 11th EditionAntiherpetic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antihistaminic 1,000 mg5x/day/man

Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington(Looseleaf).

Antihyperlipidemic Choi, J.S., Yokozawa,* T., and Oura, H. Antihyperlipidemic Effect Of Flavonoids From Prunus davidiana. Journal of Natural Products,54(1): 218-224, 1991.

Antiinflammatory IC50=80 uM (cfindomethacin IC50=1 uM)Antileukemic IC50=>10 ug/ml Life Sciences 55: 1061.AntilipoperoxidantAntiosteotic 500 mg 3x/day Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antioxidant IC50=0.19 uMAntioxidant 2.4 x Vit. EAntiperiodontal Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiplaque Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiprostaglandin IC50=80 uM (cfindomethacin IC50=1 uM)Antiradicular IC50=8 uM Planta Medica, 56(6): 695, 1990.Antisclerodermic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiulcer 1 g/5x/day/man/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).AntiviralAstringent Merck 11th EditionCOMP-Inhibitor Dullo, A. G., et al. 1999. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure

and fat oxidation in humans. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, 70: 1040-1045.COX-1-Inhibitor IC50=80 uM (cfindomethacin IC50=1 uM)Cancer-PreventiveCarcinogenicCyclooxygenase-InhibitorFungicide ED50=2.9-4.6 ug/ml Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants:

Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

HemostatHepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific

Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 253.Hypocholesterolemic Choi, J.S., Yokozawa,* T., and Oura, H. Antihyperlipidemic Effect Of Flavonoids From Prunus davidiana. Journal of Natural Products,

54(1): 218-224, 1991.Immunostimulant Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC96=5mM

Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690.

PesticidePropecicXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.

CHLOROGENIC-ACID Shoot -- -- *

Activities (77)

Aldose-Reductase-InhibitorIC50=1.8 uM rat (strongactivity)

Yoshikawa, M., et al. 1999. Medicinal Flowers. I. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors and Three New Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenes, KikkanolsA, B, and C, From the Flowers of Chrysanthemum inducum L. Chem Pharm Bull, 47(3): 340-345.

AllelochemicAllergenicAnalgesicAntiEBV Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.


AntiHIV Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiLegionellaAntiatheroscleroticAntibacterialAnticancer (Colon)Anticancer (Forestomach)Anticancer (Liver)Anticancer (Skin)AnticarcinogenicAntidiabeticAntifeedantAntigenotoxicAntigonadotropic Jim Duke's personal files.Antihemolytic 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on

Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.AntihepatotoxicAntiherpetic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.AntihistaminicAntihypercholesterolemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntihyperthyroidAntiinflammatory Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.AntileukotrieneAntimelanogenicAntimutagenicAntinitrosaminicAntioxidant IC53=200 ppm Huang, M-T., and Ferraro, T. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Cancer Prevention. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on

Health, Ch.2 p.21.Antioxidant IC80=12 uMAntioxidant IC50=54.2 uMAntiperoxidant IC50=36 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.Antipolio Jim Duke's personal files.Antiradicular 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on

Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.Antiradicular 9 x quercetinAntisepticAntisunburnAntithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.Antitumor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Forestomach)Antitumor (Liver)Antitumor (Skin)Antitumor-Promoter IC25=10uMAntiulcer Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiviral Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.AutotoxicCNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.CNS-Stimulant 1/6 CaffeineCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveChemopreventiveCholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.Choleretic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Clastogenic Friedman, M. and Dao, L. 1990. Effect of Autoclaving and Conventional and Microwave Baking on the Ergot Alkaloid and Chlorogenic

Acid Contents of Morning Glory (Ipomoea tricolor Cav. cv.) Heavenly Blue Seeds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 805-808.Collagen-SparingDiureticFungicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Hepatoprotective Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Histamine-InhibitorHypoglycemicImmunostimulantInsectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae).

Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.Interferonogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.Juvabional Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Larvistat Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Leukotriene-Inhibitor


Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC23=5mM


Metal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food andTheir Effects on Health, Ch.25.

NO-GenicOrnithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor

Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.

Oviposition-Stimulant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

PesticideSunscreenSweetener Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Vulnerary

CHLOROGENIC-ACID Inflorescence -- -- *

Activities (77)

Aldose-Reductase-InhibitorIC50=1.8 uM rat (strongactivity)

Yoshikawa, M., et al. 1999. Medicinal Flowers. I. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors and Three New Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenes, KikkanolsA, B, and C, From the Flowers of Chrysanthemum inducum L. Chem Pharm Bull, 47(3): 340-345.

AllelochemicAllergenicAnalgesicAntiEBV Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiHIV Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiLegionellaAntiatheroscleroticAntibacterialAnticancer (Colon)Anticancer (Forestomach)Anticancer (Liver)Anticancer (Skin)AnticarcinogenicAntidiabeticAntifeedantAntigenotoxicAntigonadotropic Jim Duke's personal files.Antihemolytic 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on

Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.AntihepatotoxicAntiherpetic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.AntihistaminicAntihypercholesterolemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntihyperthyroidAntiinflammatory Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.AntileukotrieneAntimelanogenicAntimutagenicAntinitrosaminicAntioxidant IC53=200 ppm Huang, M-T., and Ferraro, T. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Cancer Prevention. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on

Health, Ch.2 p.21.Antioxidant IC80=12 uMAntioxidant IC50=54.2 uMAntiperoxidant IC50=36 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.Antipolio Jim Duke's personal files.Antiradicular 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on

Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.Antiradicular 9 x quercetinAntisepticAntisunburnAntithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.Antitumor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Forestomach)Antitumor (Liver)Antitumor (Skin)Antitumor-Promoter IC25=10uMAntiulcer Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiviral Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.Autotoxic


CNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.CNS-Stimulant 1/6 CaffeineCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveChemopreventiveCholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.Choleretic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Clastogenic Friedman, M. and Dao, L. 1990. Effect of Autoclaving and Conventional and Microwave Baking on the Ergot Alkaloid and Chlorogenic

Acid Contents of Morning Glory (Ipomoea tricolor Cav. cv.) Heavenly Blue Seeds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 805-808.Collagen-SparingDiureticFungicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Hepatoprotective Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.

Histamine-InhibitorHypoglycemicImmunostimulantInsectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae).

Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.Interferonogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.Juvabional Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Larvistat Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Leukotriene-InhibitorLipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC23=5mM


Metal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food andTheir Effects on Health, Ch.25.

NO-GenicOrnithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor


Oviposition-Stimulant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

PesticideSunscreenSweetener Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Vulnerary

CHOLESTEROL Fruit -- -- Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Activities (1)

Antioxidant IC43=10 uM

CHOLESTEROL Fruit Essent.Oil

-- -- *

Activities (1)

Antioxidant IC43=10 uM

CHROMIUM Leaf 0.1 0.3 -0.62 *


Activities (24)

Amphiglycemic? Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntiAGE 200-1,000 ug Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin

resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntiCFS 200 ugAntiacneAntiaging 200-1,000 ug Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin

resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antiatherosclerotic 20ug/dayAnticorneotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidiabetic 200-1,000ugAntidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antifatigue 200 ugAntiglycosuric 200-1,000 ugAntiobesity 200-1,000ug

Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulinresistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Antisyndrome-X 200-800 ug


Antitriglyceride 20ug/day

Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.

Antitriglyceride 200-1,000 ug


CardioprotectiveEnergizerHypocholesterolemic 20ug/day


Hypocholesterolemic200-1,000 ug


Hypoglycemic 200-1,000 ug


Hypotensive 200-1,000ug


ImmunomodulatorInsulinogenicMemorigenic

CHRYSOERIOL Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.

Activities (7)

Aldose-Reductase-InhibitorIC31=10 uM

Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens AldoseReductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.

AnticomplementaryAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntioxidantAntirhinoviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197.Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

CINAROSIDE Shoot -- -- *

CINEOLE Shoot 500.0 6075.0 1.0 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

CIRSILINEOL Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.

Activities (10)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor10 uM

Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids.Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.

AntiinflammatoryIC~37=1,000 uMAntimalarial IC50=36 uMAntispasmodic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.COX-1-InhibitorIC37=1,000 uMCOX-2-InhibitorIC>37=1,000 uMCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Parasiticide IC50=36 uMPesticidePlasmodicide IC50=36 uM


CIRSILIOL Plant -- -- Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. AHandbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.

Activities (3)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 10 uM

Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids.Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.

AntileukotrieneLipoxygenase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

CIRSILION Plant -- -- Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils1979-1980.

CIRSIMARITRIN Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.

CIS-BETA-OCIMENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

CIS-BETA-TERPINEOL Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 2000.0 *

CIS-BETA-TERPINEOL Leaf 10.0 56.0 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

CIS-SABINENE-HYDRATE Leaf -- -- Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

CIS-SABINENE-HYDRATE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

CIS-SALVENE Essential Oil -- 3200.0 *

CITRAL Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.


Activities (53)

AllergenicAntiallergenicAntiallergic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.AntianaphylacticAntibacterialAnticancerAntihelicobacterAntiherpeticAntihistaminic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.AntiinflammatoryAntileishmanicAntioxidantAntiseptic 5.2 x phenolAntishock Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.AntispasmodicAntitumorAntitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Liver)Antitumor (Skin)AntiulcerAntiviralApoptoticBarbituate-SynergistBronchorelaxant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Calcium-AntagonistCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CarcinogenicCaspase-3-InducerChemopreventiveCytotoxicEstrogenicExpectorant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.FLavor FEMA 4-170 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicide MIC 625 ug/mlGlaucomagenicGlutathionigenicHerbicide IC50=115 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc.

NY. 665 pp.Myorelaxant 200 mg/kg

NF-kB-InhibitorNO-InhibitorNematicide IC52=100 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Nematicide MLC=100-260 ug/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=1.19uMPerfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticideProstatitigenic 185 mg/kg/day/3msSedative ED 1-32 mg/kg Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)Sedative 1 mg/kgTeratogenicTrichomonicide LD100=150ug/mlTrypanocideTyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=1.5mMTyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=1,500uM

COBALT Leaf -- -- *

Activities (2)

Cardiomyopathogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Erythrocytogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

COPPER Leaf 7.0 8.0 -0.54 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)


Activities (12)

AntianemicAntiarthriticAntidiabetic 2-4 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntifatigueAntiinflammatory Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antinociceptive Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiosteoporoticCardioprotectiveContraceptive Martindale's 28thHypocholesterolemic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.ImmunomodulatorSchizophrenigenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

CYNAROSIDE Leaf -- -- *

Activities (3)

Aldose-Reductase-InhibitorIC50=0.99 uM rat (strong activity)

Yoshikawa, M., et al. 1999. Medicinal Flowers. I. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors and Three New Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenes,Kikkanols A, B, and C, From the Flowers of Chrysanthemum inducum L. Chem Pharm Bull, 47(3): 340-345.

Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uMrbtHypocholesterolemic

DELTA-CADINENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

Activities (9)

Aldose-Reductase-InhibitorAntiacneAntibacterial MIC800ug/ml

Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. FoodChem. 41: 1102-1105.

Anticariogenic MIC800ug/ml


AntistreptococcicCytochrome-P450-InducerP450-InducerPesticideTestosterone-Inducer

DELTA-CADINENE Plant 2.0 14.0 -0.47 *

Activities (9)

Aldose-Reductase-InhibitorAntiacneAntibacterial MIC800ug/ml


Anticariogenic MIC800ug/ml


AntistreptococcicCytochrome-P450-InducerP450-InducerPesticideTestosterone-Inducer

DELTA-CADINOL Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

Activities (1)

Termiticide Material und Organismen , 24: 1, 1989.

DELTA-TERPINEOL Plant -- -- Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

DELTA-TERPINEOL Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

DIOSMETIN Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.


Activities (13)

Aldose-Reductase-InhibitorIC17=10 uM


AntialzheimeranAntidementiaAntimutagenic ID50=10-40nM


Antirhinoviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197.Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Estrogenic EC50=2.9 uMNO-Inhibitor EC50=19 uMOsteoblastogenicPPAR-Gamma-AntagonistTNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=3.27 uMTNF-alpha-InhibitorEC50=39 uM

DIPENTENE-O-DIPHENOLLACTONE

Leaf -- 3500.0 List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis,Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.

ELLAGIC-ACID Plant -- -- Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - AGuide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.


Activities (51)

ACE-Inhibitor IC50=5 mM/lAbortifacient 1.2 mg/kg ivnmusAldose-Reductase-InhibitorIC50=0.2 uMAldose-Reductase-InhibitorIC50=0.2 ug/ml (strongactivity)AntiGTF ID50=20 ug/mlAntiHIV IC90=200 ug/ml Tan, G.T., Pezzuto, J.M., Kinghorn,* A.D., Hughes, S.H. Evaluation Of Natural Products As Inhibitors Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcriptase. Journal of Natural Products, 54(1): 143-154, 1991.AntiaflatoxinAntianaphylacticAntibacterial 1,250 ug/mlAntibacterial ID50=20 ug/mlAnticancer (Cervix) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Anticancer (Colon) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Anticancer (Esophagus) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Anticancer (Mouth) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Anticariogenic ID50=20 ug/mlAnticataract Shimizu, M., Horie, S., Terashima, S., Ueno, H., et al. 1989. Studies on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Natural Products.II. Active

Components of a Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Para-parai mi,' Phyllanthus niruri. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37(9): 2531-2532, 1989.Antigingivitic 1,250 ug/mlAntihyperthyroidAntiinflammatoryAntimalarial IC50=0.5 uM Rukunga, G. and Simons, A. J. 2006. The Potential of Plants as a Source of Antimalarial Agents - A Review. Africa Herbal Antimalaria

Meeting. PlantaPhile Publications, Berlin. 72 pp.AntimutagenicAntioxidant >50 x tocopherol Osawa, T. Phenolic Antioxidants in Dietary Plants as Antimutagens.Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.11 p.142.Antioxidant IC98=30 ppmAntioxidant 2/3 quercetinAntiperiodontic 1,250 ug/mlAntiperoxidant IC50=29 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.Antiplaque 1,250 ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=0.5 uM Rukunga, G. and Simons, A. J. 2006. The Potential of Plants as a Source of Antimalarial Agents - A Review. Africa Herbal Antimalaria

Meeting. PlantaPhile Publications, Berlin. 72 pp.Antiseptic 1,250 ug/mlAntistreptococcic ID50=20ug/mlAntithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.AntitumorAntiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 224.Antiyeast IC50=10.5 uMApoptotic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Astringent Martindale's 29thCancer-Preventive 3 ppmCandida-SAP-InhibitorIC50=8.4 uMCytotoxic 4.6 ug/ml Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific

Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 359.Deiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.DetoxicantGlucosyl-Transferase-InhibitorID50=20 ug/mlHIV-RT-Inhibitor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 224.Hemostatic Merck 11th EditionHepatoprotective IC55=30ug/ml

Mayumi Ito (nee Someya), et al. 1990. Hepatoprotective Compounds from Canarium album and Euphorbia nematocypha. Chem. Pharm.Bull. 38(8): 2201-2203, 1990.

Juvabional Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.PesticideQuinone-Reductase-Inducer0.4 g/kg rat

Ahn, D., Putt, D., Kresty, L., Stoner, G. D., Fromm, D., Hollenberg, P. F. 1996. The Effects of Dietary Ellagic Acid on Rat Hepatic andEsophageal Mucosal Cytochromes P450 and Phase II Enzymes. Carcinogenesis, 17(4): 821-828.

Sunscreen 0.50% Jim Duke's personal files.Topoisomerase-I-Antagonist Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 167.1999.Xanthine-Oxidase-InhibitorIC50=3.1 uM

Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existingSubstances.VII. Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229

EO Leaf -- 20000.0 0.74 *

EO Plant 5000.0 28000.0 1.39 *

EPIOLEANOLIC-ACID Leaf -- 20.0 *


EPIROSMANOL Shoot -- 1.0 *

EPIROSMANOL Resin,Exudate, Sap

-- -- *

EUGENOL-GLUCOSIDE Leaf -- 9.0 *

FARNESOL Plant -- -- *

Activities (17)

AllergenicAntiadenomicAnticancer (Pancreas) IC50=39 uMAnticarcinomic (Colon)Anticarcinomic (Lung)AntileukemicAntimelanomic IC50=50 uM/lAntispasmodicApoptoticFLavor FEMA 0.1-3 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryJuvabional Russell, G. B., Phytochemical resources for crop protection, N. Z. J. Technol., 2, 1986, 127-134.Nematicide MLC=100 ug/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.Perfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticidePheromonalSedativeTrichomonicide LD100=100 ug/ml

FAT Leaf 21666.0 138000.0 1.62 *

FAT Seed -- 250000.0 -0.08 *

FERULIC-ACID Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.

Activities (61)

Allelopathic Holappa, L.D., and Blum*, U. 1991. Effects of Exogenously Applied Ferulic Acid, a Potential Allelopathic Compound, on Leaf Growth, WaterUtilization, and Endogenous Abscisic Acid Levels of Tomato, Cucumber, and Bean. J. of Chemical Ecology, 17(5): 865.

Analgesic Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,Philadelphia Pa., page 69.

Antiaggregant Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem.Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.

Antiallergic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.AntiarrhythmicAntibacterial Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Anticancer (Colon)Anticancer(Forestomach)

Anticancer (Liver)Anticancer (Skin)AnticarcinogenicAntidysmenorrheicAntiestrogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antihepatotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.AntiherpeticAntiinflammatory Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml

Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,31(1):37-46.

Antimitotic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Antimutagenic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food andTheir Effects on Health, Ch.18.

Antineoplastic(Stomach)Antinitrosaminic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and

Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.Antioxidant 3,000 uMAntioxidant IC51=200ppmAntioxidant 1/3quercetinAntioxidant 1/2 BHA


Antioxidant EC50=9-15ug/mlAntiradicular EC50=9-15ug/mlAntiradicular IC50=116-124 uMAntiserotonin Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antispasmodic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Antithrombic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Antitumor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor(Forestomach)Antitumor (Liver)Antitumor (Skin)Antitumor-PromoterIC46=10 uM

Cancer Research, 48: 5941.

Antiviral Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.Arteriodilator Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem.

Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Candidicide Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Cardiac Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem.

Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.Cholagogue Pharmazie, 46: 156, 1991.Choleretic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel

Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Fungicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Hepatoprotective Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.HepatotropicHerbicide Angewandte Botanik 68(5/6)=1994. Page 195.Hydrocholerectic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.HypolipidemicImmunostimulant Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.Insectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae).

Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.Metal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their



PesticidePhagocytoticPreservative Merck 11th EditionProstaglandigenicProstaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 0.58-3.2 mM

Xu, L. N., Yu, W. G., Tian, J. Y., Liu, Q. Y. 1990. Effect of Sodium Ferulate on Arachidonic Acid Metabolism. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao, 25(6): 412-416.

Sunscreen Chemical Marketing Reporter; a weekly tabloid, 9/10/92.Uterosedative 30-100mg/kg ivn rat

Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem.Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.

FIBER Leaf -- 87000.0 -0.92 Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah.377 pp.

Activities (15)

Angiotensin-Receptor-BlockerAntidiabeticAntihypertensiveAntiobesityAntitumor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiulcer Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Beta-BlockerCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveDiureticHypocholesterolemicHypotensive 10 g/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).HypouricemicLaxativeVasodilator

FIBER(CRUDE) Leaf -- 196000.0 1.79 *


FIBER(DIETARY) Leaf -- 289000.0 -1.03 *

FUMARIC-ACID Plant -- -- *

Activities (7)

Acidulant Martindale's 28thAntidermatitic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.AntihepatocarcinogenicIC100=1% (diet)

Akao, M. and Kuroda, K. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Fumaric Acid on Hepatocarcinogenesis by Thioacetamide in Mice. Chem. Pharm. Bull.38(7): 2012-2014, 1990.

Antioxidant Merck 11th EditionAntipsoriac Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.Antitumor Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W.

Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.FLavor FEMA 50-3,600 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

GALLIC-ACID Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.

Activities (62)

ACE-InhibitorIC50=7.7 mM/lAnalgesicAntiHIVAntiMRSAAntiadenovirus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.Antiallergenic Dorsch, W., Wagner, H. New Antiasthmatic Drugs from Traditional Medicine? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94: 262-265, 1991.

Antianaphylactic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

AntiangiogenicAntiasthmatic Watt, J.M., and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. 1962.AntibacterialMIC=1,000 ug/mlAntibronchitic Dorsch, W., Wagner, H. New Antiasthmatic Drugs from Traditional Medicine? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94: 262-265, 1991.AnticancerAnticarcinomicED50=3AntiescherichicAntifibrinolytic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.Antihepatotoxic Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on

Health, Ch.7 p.93.AntiherpeticEC50=>10 ug/mlAntiinflammatory Kroes, B.H., et al. 1991. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Gallic Acid. Planta Medica, 58(6): 499.AntileishmanicEC50=4.4 ug/mlAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntinitrosaminicAntioxidant IC44=33ppmAntioxidant 7 xquercetinAntioxidant 2/3 BHAAntiperiodontitic 10ug/mlAntiperoxidantIC50=69 uMAntipolio Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.Antiproteolytic 10ug/mlAntiradicular 7 xquercetinAntiradicularIC50=4.9 uMAntiseptic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co.,

Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.AntistaphylococcicMIC=1,000 ug/mlAntitumorAntitumor-PromoterAntiviralApoptoticAstringent Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co.,

Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Bacteristat Lamikanra, A., Ogundaini, A.O., and Ogungbamila*, F.O. Antibacterial Constituents of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves. Phytotherapy Research 4(5):

198.


Bronchodilator Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidicideCarcinogenicCholeretic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Cyclooxygenase-InhibitorCytotoxic 500 uMFloral-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Gram(+)icideMIC=1,000 ug/mlGram(-)icideMIC=1,000 ug/mlHemostat

Hepatoprotective Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.ImmunomodulatorImmunostimulant McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82.ImmunosuppressantInsulin-Sparing Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Myorelaxant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.NO-Inhibitor IC-26=250 uMNephrotoxic Martindale's 29thPesticideStypticTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor

Hamada, S. I., Kataoka, T., Woo, J. T., Yamada, A., Yoshida, T., Nishimura, T., Otake, N., Nagai, K. 1997. Immunosuppressive Effects by Gallic Acidand Chebulagic Acid on CTL-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Biol Pharm Bull, 20: 1017-1019.

Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=24 uM

Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existing Substances.VII.Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229

GAMMA-CADINENE Plant 2.0 14.0 -0.46 *

GAMMA-CADINENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

GAMMA-MAALIENE Plant -- -- *

GAMMA-TERPINENE Leaf 15.0 140.0 -0.1 *

Activities (11)

ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml(weak activity)AcaricideAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml


AntiacetylcholinesteraseIC23=1.2 mMAntifeedant Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis,

Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files.FLavor FEMA 1-40 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryInsectifuge Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis,

Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPesticide

GAMMA-TERPINENE Et -- 4000.0 *


Activities (11)







GAMMA-TERPINENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 3000.0 -0.69 *

Activities (11)







GENKWANIN Leaf -- -- Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah.377 pp.

Activities (3)

Antibacterial Recio, M. C., Rios, J. L., and Villar, A., A review of some antimicrobial compounds isolated from medicinal plants reported in the literature 1978-1988,Phytotherapy Research, 3(4), 1989, 117-125.

PesticidePurgative

GERANIOL Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.


Activities (35)

AllergenicAnthelmintic Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.AntibacterialMIC=400 ug/ml


Antibacterial MIC=64ug/mlAntibacterialMBC=800 ug/mlAnticancer(Pancreas) IC50=265uMAnticariogenicMIC=400 ug/ml


AntimelanomicIC50=150 uM/lAntisalmonellaMIC=400 ug/mlAntiseptic 7 x phenol Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)Antiseptic MIC=64ug/mlAntiseptic 400-800ug/mlAntispasmodic Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz*, L., Nikiforov, A., Remberg, G., Raverdino, V. 1989. Headspace-Analysis and Aroma Compounds of Austrian Hay-Blossoms

(Flores Graminis, Graminis Flos) used in Aromatherapy. J. Ess. Oil Res., 2: 185-191, 1990.AntitubercularMIC=64 ug/mlAntitumor Yu, S.G., Anderson, P.J., and Elson, C.E. 1995. Efficacy of B-Ionone in the Chemoprevention of Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis. J. Agric. Food Chem.

43: 2144-2147.Antitumor (Pancreas)IC50=265 uMAscaricide Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.CNS-Stimulant List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidicideEmbryotoxicEmetic 3 x ipecac Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-97.Expectorant Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.FLavor FEMA 1-10 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicide IC93=2mM


Herbicide IC100-2,000 uM


Insectifuge 50 ppmInsectiphile Merck 11th EditionMycobactericideMIC=64 ug/mlNematicideIC86=100 ug/ml

Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.

NematicideMLC=1,000 ug/ml


Perfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticideSedativeTrichomonicideLD100=300 ug/ml

GERMANICOL Plant -- -- *

GLUTAMINE Plant -- -- *

Activities (5)

Antialcoholic 1,000mg/man/day/orl


Antidepressant Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntisicklingAntiulcer 1,600 mg/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Catabolic Tramil

GLYCINE Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.


Activities (12)

Antiacid Martindale's 29thAntialdosteronic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antidote (Hypoglycin-A) Martindale's 29thAntiencephalopathic Martindale's 29thAntigastritic Martindale's 29thAntiprostatitic 125-250 mg 3x/day


Antipruritic Merck 11th EditionAntisickling Ekeke, G.I. and Shode, F.O. 1988. Phenylalanine is the Predominant Antisickling Agent in Cajanus cajan Seed Extract. Planta Medica

56(1): 41, 1990.Antiulcer Martindale's 29thCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Neuroinhibitor Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Uricosuric

HISPIDULIN Leaf -- -- *

Activities (7)

Antiaggregant IC50=13 ug/ml Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 333.Antihepatotoxic 32 mg/kgAntioxidant ED=uMAntiperoxidantAntiradicularAntitumor Lewis and Elvin-Lewis, Medical Botany, ca 1977Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

HORMINONE Root -- -- *

HUMULENE Essential Oil -- 17900.0 -1.0 *

Activities (2)

Antimalarial IC50=86 ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=86 ug/ml

HUMULENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

Activities (2)

Antimalarial IC50=86 ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=86 ug/ml

HYDROXY-ROYLEANONE Plant -- -- *

IRON Leaf 2.4 15.0 -0.88 *

Activities (6)

Antiakathisic Martindale's 29thAntianemic Martindale's 29thAnticankerAnticheilitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antimenorrhagic 100mg/day/wmn/orl


Prooxidant

ISOBORNEOL Essential Oil -- 3800.0 *

Activities (7)

Antiherpetic600 ppmAntiviral 600ppmInsectifugeMotor-Stimulant

Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H.Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC

NematicideMLC=1mg/ml


PesticideSedative


ISOBORNEOL Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 28000.0 -1.0 *

Activities (7)





PesticideSedative

ISOBORNEOL Shoot -- 784.0 1.18 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Activities (7)





PesticideSedative

ISOBORNEOL-ACETATE Essential Oil -- 33700.0 1.0 *

ISOBORNEOL-ACETATE Shoot 168.0 9436.0 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

ISOCARYOPHYLLENE Plant -- -- *

Activities (1)


ISOROSMANOL Shoot -- 57.0 *

Activities (1)

Antioxidant

KILOCALORIES Leaf -- 3420.0 0.65 Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah.377 pp.

LABIATIC-ACID Leaf -- -- Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah.377 pp.

Activities (1)

Antioxidant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.

LEDENE Plant -- -- *


LEDOL Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 3000.0 -1.0 *

LIMONENE Plant 39.0 2380.0 0.98 *


Activities (60)

AChE-Inhibitor Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23,1985, 383-8.

Acaricide LC100=8 uMAllelochemicAllergenic 1/20th careneAntiacetylcholinesterase IC22-26=1.2 mMAntiadenomic

Antialzheimeran? Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23,1985, 383-8.

AntiasthmaticAntibacterial Revista Itiliana Eppos, 12: 5, 1994.AnticancerAntiesophagiticAntifeedantAntiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.AntiinflammatoryAntilithicAntilymphomicAntimetastatic (Stomach)Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntiobesityAntisepticAntispasmodic ED50=0.197 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984.AntitumorAntitumor (Breast)Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Pancreas)Antitumor (Prostate)Antitumor (Stomach)AntiviralApoptoticBronchoprotectantCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidistatChemopreventiveCholesterolyticDetoxicantEnterocontractant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.ExpectorantFLavorFungiphilic J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283.FungistatGST-InducerHerbicide IC50=45 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel

Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.HistaminicImmunomodulatorInsecticide 0.37 uM/flyInsectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Interleukin-6-InhibitorIrritantLipolyticMyorelaxant 50 mg/kgNO-GenicNematicide IC=100 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445

pp.Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor ~750mg/kg (diet)Ozone-ScavengerP450-InducerPeristalticPesticidePhotosensitizer Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.Sedative ED=1-32 mg/kg Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)

Transdermal


LIMONENE Et -- 14000.0 -1.0 *


Activities (60)


Acaricide LC100=8 uMAllelochemicAllergenic 1/20th careneAntiacetylcholinesterase IC22-26=1.2 mMAntiadenomicAntialzheimeran? Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23,

1985, 383-8.AntiasthmaticAntibacterial Revista Itiliana Eppos, 12: 5, 1994.AnticancerAntiesophagiticAntifeedantAntiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.AntiinflammatoryAntilithicAntilymphomicAntimetastatic (Stomach)Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntiobesityAntisepticAntispasmodic ED50=0.197 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984.AntitumorAntitumor (Breast)Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Pancreas)Antitumor (Prostate)Antitumor (Stomach)AntiviralApoptoticBronchoprotectantCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidistatChemopreventiveCholesterolyticDetoxicantEnterocontractant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.ExpectorantFLavorFungiphilic J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283.FungistatGST-InducerHerbicide IC50=45 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel

Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.HistaminicImmunomodulatorInsecticide 0.37 uM/flyInsectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Interleukin-6-InhibitorIrritantLipolytic

Myorelaxant 50 mg/kgNO-GenicNematicide IC=100 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445

pp.Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor ~750mg/kg (diet)Ozone-ScavengerP450-InducerPeristalticPesticidePhotosensitizer Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.Sedative ED=1-32 mg/kg Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)Transdermal


LIMONENE Essential Oil 6600.0 85000.0 -0.25 *

Activities (60)



1985, 383-8.AntiasthmaticAntibacterial Revista Itiliana Eppos, 12: 5, 1994.AnticancerAntiesophagiticAntifeedantAntiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.AntiinflammatoryAntilithicAntilymphomicAntimetastatic (Stomach)Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntiobesityAntisepticAntispasmodic ED50=0.197 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984.AntitumorAntitumor (Breast)Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Pancreas)Antitumor (Prostate)Antitumor (Stomach)AntiviralApoptoticBronchoprotectantCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidistatChemopreventiveCholesterolyticDetoxicantEnterocontractant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.ExpectorantFLavorFungiphilic J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283.

FungistatGST-InducerHerbicide IC50=45 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel




LIMONENE Leaf Essent.Oil

10000.0 36400.0 -0.52 *


Activities (60)



1985, 383-8.AntiasthmaticAntibacterial Revista Itiliana Eppos, 12: 5, 1994.AnticancerAntiesophagiticAntifeedantAntiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.AntiinflammatoryAntilithicAntilymphomicAntimetastatic (Stomach)Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntiobesityAntisepticAntispasmodic ED50=0.197 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984.AntitumorAntitumor (Breast)Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Pancreas)Antitumor (Prostate)Antitumor (Stomach)

AntiviralApoptoticBronchoprotectantCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidistatChemopreventiveCholesterolyticDetoxicantEnterocontractant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.ExpectorantFLavorFungiphilic J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283.FungistatGST-InducerHerbicide IC50=45 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel




LINALOL Plant -- 3500.0 0.36 *

LINALOOL Plant -- 3500.0 -0.19 *

Activities (53)

Acaricide C90=<15 ul/l (=<15 ppmAllergenicAnalgesicAnesthetic 0.01-1 ug/mlAntiacetylcholinesteraseAntiallergic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.AntianaphylacticAntibacterial MIC=1,600ug/mlAnticariogenic MIC=1,600ug/ml

Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric.Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105.

AnticolicAnticonvulsant 200 mg/kgipr musAntiedemicAntiglutamaergicAntihistaminic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.AntiinflammatoryAntileukemic IC50=3.5-4.2ug/ml

Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J ChinMed, 31(1):37-46.

Antilymphomic IC50=3.5-4.2 ug/ml


AntimangeAntimiteAntimutagenicAntiseptic 5 x phenol Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)Antishock Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Antispasmodic Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz*, L., Nikiforov, A., Remberg, G., Raverdino, V. 1989. Headspace-Analysis and Aroma Compounds of Austrian Hay-

Blossoms (Flores Graminis, Graminis Flos) used in Aromatherapy. J. Ess. Oil Res., 2: 185-191, 1990.AntiviralBarbituate-SynergistBronchorelaxant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.CNS-DepressantCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidistatCarminativeCulicide LC50=156-194 mg/lCytotoxicExpectorant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.FLavor FEMA 2-40 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicide Acta Botanica Sinica, 32: 49.GABA-nergicHypnoticHypothermicInsecticide LC50=156-194mg/lInsectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets

for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Larvicide LC50=156-194mg/lMosquitofuge > DeetMotor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and

Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DCNematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.Perfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticideProoxidant Charalambous, G. (Ed.). 1994. Spices, Herbs and Edible Fungi. Elsevier Science B. V. Amsterdam. 764 pp.Sedative ED=1-32 mg/kg Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)Sedative 200 mg/kg ipr mus(1% as active as diazepam)Termitifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Trichomonicide LD100=600ug/mlTumor-Promoter

LINALOOL Et -- 11000.0 *


Activities (53)

Acaricide C90=<15 ul/l (=<15 ppmAllergenicAnalgesicAnesthetic 0.01-1 ug/mlAntiacetylcholinesteraseAntiallergic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Antianaphylactic

Antibacterial MIC=1,600ug/mlAnticariogenic MIC=1,600ug/ml










LINALOOL Leaf Essent.Oil

4000.0 46600.0 -0.4 *


Activities (53)










Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DCNematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.Perfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticideProoxidant Charalambous, G. (Ed.). 1994. Spices, Herbs and Edible Fungi. Elsevier Science B. V. Amsterdam. 764 pp.Sedative ED=1-32 mg/kg Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)

Sedative 200 mg/kg ipr mus(1% as active as diazepam)Termitifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Trichomonicide LD100=600ug/mlTumor-Promoter

LINALOOL Essential Oil 1700.0 5000.0 -0.56 *


Activities (53)









for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Larvicide LC50=156-194mg/l

Mosquitofuge > DeetMotor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and


LINALOOL-ACETATE Et -- 10000.0 *

LINALOOL-ACETATE Leaf Essent.Oil

2000.0 34900.0 1.63 *


LINALOOL-ACETATE Essential Oil 2000.0 216000.0 1.96 *

LINALYL-ACETATE Plant -- 6048.0 2.33 *

Activities (7)

Anesthetic 0.01-1ug/mlAntioxidant 400ppmAntispasmodicED50=0.21mg/ml


FLavor FEMA 2-15 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryMotor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and

Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DCPerfumery Merck 11th EditionSedative

LINOLEIC-ACID Seed -- 73000.0 -0.29 *

Activities (27)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAntiMS Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiacneAntialopecicAntianaphylactic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiandrogenicAntiarterioscleroticAntiarthritic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Anticoronary Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antieczemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antifibrinolytic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.AntigranularAntihistaminic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiinflammatory IC50=31uMAntileukotriene-D4 IC50=31uMAntimenorrhagic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiprostatitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

Carcinogenic Science News, 146: 421.ComedolyticHepatoprotectiveHypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Immunomodulator Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Metastatic Science News, 146: 421.Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Propecic

LINOLEIC-ACID Fruit Essent.Oil

-- -- *


Activities (27)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAntiMS Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiacneAntialopecicAntianaphylactic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiandrogenicAntiarterioscleroticAntiarthritic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Anticoronary Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antieczemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antifibrinolytic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.AntigranularAntihistaminic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiinflammatory IC50=31uMAntileukotriene-D4 IC50=31uMAntimenorrhagic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiprostatitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Carcinogenic Science News, 146: 421.ComedolyticHepatoprotectiveHypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Immunomodulator Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Metastatic Science News, 146: 421.Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Propecic

LINOLENIC-ACID Seed 42000.0 86750.0 0.93 *

LINOLENIC-ACID Fruit Essent.Oil

-- -- *

LUTEOLIN Shoot -- -- *

Activities (78)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor EC=3 ppm

Shin*, K.H., Chung, M.S., Chae, Y.J., Yoon, K.Y., Cho, T.S. 1992. A survey for aldose reductase inhibition of herbal medicines. Fitoterapia 64(2):130, 1993.

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.45 uMratAntiHIVAntiallergic

Antiangiogenic IC60-75=10 uMAntiatherogenicAntibacterial MIC=500ug/ml

Planta Medica, 57: A43, 1991.

AnticarcinogenicAnticarcinomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Anticataract EC=3 ppm Shin*, K.H., Chung, M.S., Chae, Y.J., Yoon, K.Y., Cho, T.S. 1992. A survey for aldose reductase inhibition of herbal medicines. Fitoterapia 64(2):

130, 1993.AnticomplementaryAntidermatic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.AntiestrogenicAntifeedant IC52=<1,000ppm diet


Antiherpetic 11-23 ug/mlAntihistaminic <10-15 uMAntiinflammatory #NAME? Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.Antileukemic 20-50 uMAntilymphomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antimelanomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antimutagenic ID50=2-5nMAntimutagenic ID50=0.44ug/mlAntinociceptive


Antioxidant IC50=10 uMAntipolio Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197.AntiproliferantAntispasmodic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W.

Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Antitumor 1-50 uMAntitumor (Colon) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Kidney) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Lung) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Ovary) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Pancreas) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Skin) 20 uMAntitumor (Stomach) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Thyroid) 12-50uMAntitumor (brain) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.AntitussiveAntiviral 11-23 ug/mlAphidifugeApoptotic 12-50 uMAromatase-InhibitorIC35=1 uM/l


Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor IC50=~40 uMCalcium-AntagonistIC50=1.2 uM rbtCancer-PreventiveChemopreventiveCholereticCytotoxic 1-50 uMDeiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.

Differentiator IC>40=40uMDiuretic Jim Duke's personal files.Estrogenic 58% genisteinHepatoprotectiveHyaluronidase-InhibitorIC50+=100-250 uMHypocholesterolemicICAM-1-InhibitorIKK-InhibitorIodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor

Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Lipoxygenase-InhibitorMAPK-InhibitorMMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uMMetalloproteinase-InhibitorMyorelaxantNEP-Inhibitor IC50=>42uMNF-kB-InhibitorNO-InhibitorPTK-Inhibitor 10-100 uMPesticideProliferantProstaglandin-Synthetase-InhibitorProtein-Kinase-C-InhibitorIC70=50 uMSuccinoxidase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.TNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=14.44 uMTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor Santti, R., Makela, S., Strauss, L., Korman, J., Kostian, M. L. 1998. Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males. Toxicol Ind Health,

14: 223-237.VEGF-Inhibitor IC50=2-7uMVasodilatorXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=0.11 ug/ml

Chem. & Pharm. Bull. 38: 1772.

iNOS-Inhibitor


LUTEOLIN Leaf -- -- *

Activities (78)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor EC=3 ppm

Shin*, K.H., Chung, M.S., Chae, Y.J., Yoon, K.Y., Cho, T.S. 1992. A survey for aldose reductase inhibition of herbal medicines. Fitoterapia 64(2):130, 1993.

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.45 uMratAntiHIVAntiallergicAntiangiogenic IC60-75=10 uMAntiatherogenicAntibacterial MIC=500ug/ml

Planta Medica, 57: A43, 1991.

AnticarcinogenicAnticarcinomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Anticataract EC=3 ppm Shin*, K.H., Chung, M.S., Chae, Y.J., Yoon, K.Y., Cho, T.S. 1992. A survey for aldose reductase inhibition of herbal medicines. Fitoterapia 64(2):

130, 1993.AnticomplementaryAntidermatic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.Antiestrogenic

Antifeedant IC52=<1,000ppm diet


Antiherpetic 11-23 ug/mlAntihistaminic <10-15 uMAntiinflammatory #NAME? Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.Antileukemic 20-50 uMAntilymphomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antimelanomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antimutagenic ID50=2-5nMAntimutagenic ID50=0.44ug/mlAntinociceptiveAntioxidant IC50=10 uMAntipolio Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197.AntiproliferantAntispasmodic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W.

Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Antitumor 1-50 uMAntitumor (Colon) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,



31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Ovary) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,


31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Skin) 20 uMAntitumor (Stomach) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Thyroid) 12-50uMAntitumor (brain) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.AntitussiveAntiviral 11-23 ug/mlAphidifugeApoptotic 12-50 uMAromatase-InhibitorIC35=1 uM/l


Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor IC50=~40 uMCalcium-AntagonistIC50=1.2 uM rbtCancer-PreventiveChemopreventiveCholereticCytotoxic 1-50 uMDeiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.


Differentiator IC>40=40uMDiuretic Jim Duke's personal files.Estrogenic 58% genisteinHepatoprotectiveHyaluronidase-InhibitorIC50+=100-250 uMHypocholesterolemicICAM-1-InhibitorIKK-InhibitorIodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor

Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Lipoxygenase-InhibitorMAPK-InhibitorMMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uMMetalloproteinase-InhibitorMyorelaxantNEP-Inhibitor IC50=>42uMNF-kB-InhibitorNO-InhibitorPTK-Inhibitor 10-100 uMPesticideProliferantProstaglandin-Synthetase-InhibitorProtein-Kinase-C-InhibitorIC70=50 uMSuccinoxidase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.TNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=14.44 uMTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor Santti, R., Makela, S., Strauss, L., Korman, J., Kostian, M. L. 1998. Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males. Toxicol Ind Health,

14: 223-237.VEGF-Inhibitor IC50=2-7uMVasodilatorXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=0.11 ug/ml

Chem. & Pharm. Bull. 38: 1772.

iNOS-Inhibitor

LUTEOLIN-7-GLUCOSIDE Plant -- -- Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Activities (7)

Aldose-Reductase-InhibitorIC73=10 uMAldose-Reductase-InhibitorIC31=1 uM


Antidermatic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.Antiherpetic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 204.Antiinflammatory Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 204.Pesticide

LUTEOLIN-7-GLYCOSIDE Plant -- -- Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

LUTEOLIN-7-GLYCOSIDE Root -- -- *

LUTEOLIN-7-METHYL-ETHER Plant -- -- Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.

LUTEOLIN-7-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE

Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.

LUTEOLIN-7-O-GLUCURONIDE Plant -- -- J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.

MAGNESIUM Leaf 444.0 2830.0 -0.5 *

Activities (65)

AntiCFSAntiLyme 400-1,000 mgAntiMS


AntiPMS 400-800mg/day/wmn/orl

AntiPMS 400-800mg/day/wmn orlAntiRaynaud's 280-350mg/dayAntiaggregant 400 mg/dayAntialcoholicAntianginal 400 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antianorectic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antianxiety 400 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiarrhythmic 400 mg/dayAntiarthritic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiasthmatic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiatherosclerotic 400mg/dayAnticephalagicAnticlimacteric 500-750mg/dayAnticonvulsant Facciola, S. 1998. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, Vista CA. 713 pp.Anticoronary 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidiabetic 400-800mg/man/dayAntidysmenorrheic 100 mg 4x/day


Antiendometriotic 500mg/dayAntienteroticAntiepileptic 450 mg/dayAntifatigueAntifibromyalgic 200-300 mg3x/dayAntigastroticAntiglaucomicAntihyperkinetic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntihypertensiveAntihypoglycemic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiinflammatory 100 mg 4x/day


Antiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antilithic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antimastalgic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antimenopausal 500-750mg/dayAntimigraine 200mg/day/man


Antimitral-valve-prolapseAntinephrolyticAntineurotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiosteoporotic 500-1,000mg/day/wmn/orlAntiplaque 500-1,000 mg/dayAntiretinopathic 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntispasmodicAntispasmophilic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antistress 500-750 mg/dayAntistroke 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antisyndrome-X 400mg/man/day

Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Anxiolytic 500-750 mg/dayCNS-Depressant Facciola, S. 1998. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, Vista CA. 713 pp.Calcium-AntagonistCardioprotectiveDiureticHypocholesterolemic 400mg/day


Hypotensive 260-500 mg/dayImmunomodulatorInsulinogenic 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Laxative 300-500 mg/dayLitholytic


Myorelaxant 100 mg 4 x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.NeurotransmitterTranquilizer 500-750 mg/dayUterorelaxant 100 mg 4 x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Vasodilator

MALIC-ACID Plant -- -- *

Activities (15)

AntiatheroscleroticAntibacterialAntifibromyalgic 300 mg 3x/dayAntioxidant Synergist Merck 11th EditionAntiseborrheicAntiseptic Martindale's 29thAntitubercularAntitumor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.BacteristatBruchiphobe Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.HemopoieticLaxative? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.MycobactericidePesticideSialogogue Martindale's 29th

MANGANESE Leaf 0.5 3.0 -0.45 *

Activities (14)

AntiPMSAntialcoholic Forest H. Nielsen, USDA, Grand Forks, various publications.Antianemic Martindale's 28thAntiarthriticAntidiabetic 3-5 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antidiabetic 10-30mg/man/dayAntidiscotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidyskinetic Martindale's 28thAntiepileptic 450 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiosteoporoticAntiototic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntioxidantAntisyndrome-X 10-30mg/man/day


Hypoglycemic 10-30mg/man/day

MANOOL Shoot 556.0 1478.0 *

Activities (2)

PesticideTermitifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.

MANOOL Essential Oil -- -- *

Activities (2)

PesticideTermitifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.

MASLINIC-ACID Leaf -- 46.0 -0.89 *

Activities (6)

AntiHIV IC100=18 ug/mlAntiedemicAntihistaminicAntiinflammatory Chem & Pharm. Bull., 34: 2164, 1986.Antiviral IC100=18 ug/mlProtease-Inhibitor IC100=18 ug/ml


MENTHOL Plant -- -- *

Activities (63)

Allergenic Martindale's 29thAnalgesic Martindale's 28thAnesthetic 2,000 ppm Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.AntiacetylcholinesteraseIC50=2.0 mMAntiaggregantIC50=750Antiallergic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569.Antiasthmatic Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.Antibacillus MIC=1.25mg/mlAntibacterialMIC=0.625-2.5Antibronchitic Martindale's 28thAntidandruff A.L.L. Hunting. Encyclopedia of Shampoo Ingredients. Micelle Press, Cranford NJ. 467 pp.AntiescherichicMIC=1.25 mg/mlAntihalitosic American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993.Antihistaminic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569.Antiinflammatory Martindale's 28thAntilisteria MIC=0.625mg/mlAntineuralgicAntiodontalgic Martindale's 28thAntipruritic Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.AntipyreticAntirheumatic Martindale's 28thAntisalmonellaMIC=0.625 mg/mlAntiseptic 4 x phenol Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)Antisinusitic Martindale's 28thAntispasmodicED50=0.01 mg/ml


AntistaphylococcicMIC=0.625 mg/mlAntistreptococcicMIC=0.4 mg/mlAntitartarAntivaginiticAntivulviticBradycardic 65 mg/3 xday/woman

Martindale's 28th

Bronchomucolytic Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,Philadelphia Pa., page 200.

Bronchomucotropic Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various AbsorptionEnhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.

Bronchorrheic Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,Philadelphia Pa., page 200.

CNS-DepressantCNS-Stimulant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Calcium-AntagonistCandidicide MIC=0.625mg/mlCarminative Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.CholereticCiliotoxic Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.Congestant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.Convulsant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J.

1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R.CounterirritantDecongestant? 11mg/man

Eccles, R., et al. 1989. The effects of oral administration of (-)-menthol on nasal resistance to airflow and nasal sensation of airflow in subjectssuffering from nasal congestion associated with the common cold. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 652-654, 1990.

DermatitigenicDiaphoretic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Enterorelaxant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.Expectorant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.Gastrosedative Merck 11th EditionIrritant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.Myorelaxant Martindale's 29th


Nematicide MLC=1mg/ml


Neurodepressant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various AbsorptionEnhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.

Neuropathogenic 40-100 mg/day/rat

Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various AbsorptionEnhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.

Nociceptive Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various AbsorptionEnhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.

Perfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticideRefrigerant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.RubefacientTermiticide Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.TransdermalVibriocide

MENTHOL Leaf -- -- *

Activities (63)

Allergenic Martindale's 29thAnalgesic Martindale's 28thAnesthetic 2,000 ppm Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.AntiacetylcholinesteraseIC50=2.0 mMAntiaggregantIC50=750

Antiallergic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569.Antiasthmatic Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.Antibacillus MIC=1.25mg/mlAntibacterialMIC=0.625-2.5Antibronchitic Martindale's 28thAntidandruff A.L.L. Hunting. Encyclopedia of Shampoo Ingredients. Micelle Press, Cranford NJ. 467 pp.AntiescherichicMIC=1.25 mg/mlAntihalitosic American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993.Antihistaminic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569.Antiinflammatory Martindale's 28thAntilisteria MIC=0.625mg/mlAntineuralgicAntiodontalgic Martindale's 28thAntipruritic Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.AntipyreticAntirheumatic Martindale's 28thAntisalmonellaMIC=0.625 mg/mlAntiseptic 4 x phenol Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)Antisinusitic Martindale's 28thAntispasmodicED50=0.01 mg/ml


AntistaphylococcicMIC=0.625 mg/mlAntistreptococcicMIC=0.4 mg/mlAntitartarAntivaginiticAntivulviticBradycardic 65 mg/3 xday/woman

Martindale's 28th

Bronchomucolytic Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,Philadelphia Pa., page 200.

Bronchomucotropic Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various AbsorptionEnhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.

Bronchorrheic Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,Philadelphia Pa., page 200.

CNS-DepressantCNS-Stimulant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Calcium-AntagonistCandidicide MIC=0.625mg/mlCarminative Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.Choleretic


Ciliotoxic Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various AbsorptionEnhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.

Congestant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various AbsorptionEnhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.

Convulsant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J.1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R.

CounterirritantDecongestant? 11mg/man

Eccles, R., et al. 1989. The effects of oral administration of (-)-menthol on nasal resistance to airflow and nasal sensation of airflow in subjectssuffering from nasal congestion associated with the common cold. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 652-654, 1990.

DermatitigenicDiaphoretic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Enterorelaxant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.Expectorant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.Gastrosedative Merck 11th Edition

Irritant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various AbsorptionEnhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.

Myorelaxant Martindale's 29thNematicide MLC=1mg/ml


Neurodepressant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various AbsorptionEnhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.

Neuropathogenic 40-100 mg/day/rat

Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various AbsorptionEnhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.

Nociceptive Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various AbsorptionEnhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.

Perfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticideRefrigerant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.RubefacientTermiticide Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.TransdermalVibriocide

METHYL-ISOVALERATE Plant 7.0 42.0 *

Activities (2)

FLavor FEMA 10-95 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPerfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

MYRCENE Et -- 8000.0 -1.0 *


Activities (22)

ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/mlAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml


AllergenicAnalgesic Kauderer, B., Zamith, H., Paumgartten, F.J.R., and Speit, G. Evaluation of the Mutagenicity of B-Myrcene in Mammalian Cells In Vitro.

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 18: 28-34, 1991.AntibacterialAnticonvulsantAntimutagenic Kauderer, B., Zamith, H., Paumgartten, F.J.R., and Speit, G. Evaluation of the Mutagenicity of B-Myrcene in Mammalian Cells In Vitro.

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 18: 28-34, 1991.AntinitrosaminicAntinociceptive 10-20mg/kg ipr mus

Rao, V.S.N., Menezes, A.M.S., Viana, G.S.B. 1990. Effect of myrcene on nociception in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 877-878, 1990.

Antinociceptive 20-40mg/kg scu mus


Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files.Antispasmodic Jim Duke's personal files.Chemopreventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.FLavor FEMA 0.5-9 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665

pp.HypothermicInsectifugeIrritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Myorelaxant 100-200mg/kgP450-2B1-InhibitorIC50=0.14 uMPerfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Pesticide

MYRCENE Essential Oil 3700.0 10400.0 -0.31 *

Activities (22)













MYRCENE Leaf Essent.Oil

9000.0 15700.0 -0.31 *


Activities (22)











Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Myorelaxant 100-200mg/kg

P450-2B1-InhibitorIC50=0.14 uMPerfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,


MYRCENE Plant -- 336.0 -0.11 *

Activities (22)













MYRTENOL Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 2000.0 *


Activities (2)

Antimalarial IC50=5-50ug/ml

Rukunga, G. and Simons, A. J. 2006. The Potential of Plants as a Source of Antimalarial Agents - A Review. Africa Herbal Antimalaria Meeting.PlantaPhile Publications, Berlin. 72 pp.

Antiplasmodial IC50=5-50 ug/ml


N-TRIACONTANE Plant -- -- *

NEPETIN Plant -- -- *

Activities (4)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor ED50=1 uMAnticataractAntitumorXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor

NIACIN Leaf 10.0 62.0 -0.43 *

Activities (39)

Allergenic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiLyme 50 mg/dayAntiMeniere's Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.AntiRaynaud's 1,500-4,000mg/dayAntiacrodynicAntiallergic 50 mg/2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntialzheimeranAntiamblyopicAntianginalAnticataractAntichilblain Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Anticonvulsant 3 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntidementiaAntidermatitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntidiabeticAntidysphagicAntiepileptic 3 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antihangover 50 mgAntihistaminic 50 mg 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antihyperactivity 1.5-6 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinsomnic 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntineuralgicAntiparkinsonian 100 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antipellagric Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntiscotomicAntispasmodic 100 mg 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntivertigoCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveCirculotonicFibrinolyticHepatoprotectiveHepatotoxicHypocholesterolemic 50-100 mg3x/dayHypoglycemicHypolipidemicSedative Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Serotoninergic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Vasodilator Martindale's 29th

NICOTINIC-ACID-AMIDE Plant -- 5000.0 *

O-METHYL-CARNOSIC-ACID Shoot -- 17.0 *

OLEAN-12-EN-28-OIC-ACID Shoot -- 86.0 *

OLEANOLIC-ACID Stem -- 400.0 1.0 *


Activities (64)

AbortifacientAntiHIV IC50=21.8 ug/mlAntiHIV EC50=1.7 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J.

Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.AntiPGE2 IC50=24 uMAntiTGF-beta IC50=19-24uMAntiallergicAntiarrhythmic 40 mg/kgAntiatheroscleroticAntibacterial MIC=625-1,250 ug/mlAnticarcinomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Anticariogenic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Anticomplement IC40-500.01 mM/l gpg

Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993(E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Anticomplement IC80-900.05 mM/l gpg


Antiedemic IC36=40mg/kg ipr ratAntifertilityAntigingivitic MIC=625-1,250 ug/mlAntihepatotoxicAntihyperlipidemicAntiinflammatory 40mg/kg ipr

Aquino, R., De Feo, V., De Simone, F., Pizza, C.*, and Cirino, G. Plant Metabolites. New Compounds And Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Uncariatomentosa. Journal of Natural Products, 54(2): 453-459, 1991.

Antiischemic 40 mg/kgAntileukemic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antileukotriene IC50=17uMAntimalarial IC50=70-89ug/mlAntinephritic IC50=19-24uMAntioxidant Balanehru, S. and Nagarajan, B. 1992. Intervention of Adriamycin Induced Free Radical Damage. Biochemistry International 28(4): 735-744,

1992.Antioxidant IC46=10 uMAntiperiodontic MIC=625-1,250 ug/mlAntiperoxidant IC30=200ug/mlAntiplaque MIC=625-1,250ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=70-89 ug/mlAntisarcomicAntiseptic MIC=625-1,250ug/mlAntitumorAntitumor (Breast) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Colon) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,




31(1):37-46.Antiulcer >carbenoxoloneAntiviral EC50=1.7 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J.

Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.Antiviral IC50=21.8 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J.

Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.Aromatase-InhibitorBeta-BlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kgCOX-2-Inhibitor IC50=295uM/COX-2-Inhibitor Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Cardioprotective 40 mg/kgCardiotonicCyclooxygenase-InhibitorDiuretic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.


Elastase-InhibitorIC50=~15 uMHepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing

Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 211.HypolipemicHypotensiveImmunomodulatorLeucocytogenicNF-kB-InhibitorPhagocytoticPiscicide ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor igs musSedativeUterotonicVasopressor

OLEANOLIC-ACID Leaf 140.0 786.0 -0.36 *

Activities (64)

AbortifacientAntiHIV IC50=21.8 ug/mlAntiHIV EC50=1.7 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J.

Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.AntiPGE2 IC50=24 uMAntiTGF-beta IC50=19-24uMAntiallergicAntiarrhythmic 40 mg/kgAntiatheroscleroticAntibacterial MIC=625-1,250 ug/mlAnticarcinomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Anticariogenic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Anticomplement IC40-500.01 mM/l gpg




Antiedemic IC36=40mg/kg ipr ratAntifertilityAntigingivitic MIC=625-1,250 ug/mlAntihepatotoxicAntihyperlipidemicAntiinflammatory 40mg/kg ipr

Aquino, R., De Feo, V., De Simone, F., Pizza, C.*, and Cirino, G. Plant Metabolites. New Compounds And Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Uncariatomentosa. Journal of Natural Products, 54(2): 453-459, 1991.

Antiischemic 40 mg/kgAntileukemic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antileukotriene IC50=17uMAntimalarial IC50=70-89ug/mlAntinephritic IC50=19-24uMAntioxidant Balanehru, S. and Nagarajan, B. 1992. Intervention of Adriamycin Induced Free Radical Damage. Biochemistry International 28(4): 735-744,

1992.

Antioxidant IC46=10 uMAntiperiodontic MIC=625-1,250 ug/mlAntiperoxidant IC30=200ug/mlAntiplaque MIC=625-1,250ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=70-89 ug/mlAntisarcomicAntiseptic MIC=625-1,250ug/mlAntitumorAntitumor (Breast) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Colon) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,


31(1):37-46.


Antitumor (Lung) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,31(1):37-46.

Antitumor (Pancreas) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,31(1):37-46.

Antiulcer >carbenoxoloneAntiviral EC50=1.7 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J.

Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.Antiviral IC50=21.8 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J.

Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.Aromatase-InhibitorBeta-BlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kgCOX-2-Inhibitor IC50=295uM/COX-2-Inhibitor Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Cardioprotective 40 mg/kgCardiotonicCyclooxygenase-InhibitorDiuretic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Elastase-InhibitorIC50=~15 uMHepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing

Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 211.HypolipemicHypotensiveImmunomodulatorLeucocytogenicNF-kB-InhibitorPhagocytoticPiscicide ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor igs musSedativeUterotonicVasopressor

OLEIC-ACID Seed -- 35500.0 -0.69 *

Activities (18)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAllergenic

Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAnemiagenicAntialopecicAntiandrogenicAntiinflammatoryIC50=21 uMAntileukotriene-D4IC50=21 uMCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Choleretic 5 ml/manDermatitigenicFLavor FEMA 1-30 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Irritant Merck 11th EditionPercutaneostimulant Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and

Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPropecic

OLEIC-ACID Fruit Essent.Oil

-- -- *


Activities (18)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAllergenicAlpha-Reductase-InhibitorAnemiagenicAntialopecicAntiandrogenicAntiinflammatoryIC50=21 uMAntileukotriene-D4IC50=21 uMCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Choleretic 5 ml/manDermatitigenicFLavor FEMA 1-30 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Irritant Merck 11th EditionPercutaneostimulant Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and

Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPropecic

OXALIC-ACID Plant -- -- *

Activities (9)

AcaricideAntisepticCNS-Paralytic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.Fatal Martindale's 29thHemostatic Merck 11th EditionIrritantPesticideRenotoxic Merck 11th EditionVarroacide

P-COUMARIC-ACID Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.


Activities (25)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4ug/ml (weak activity)

Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, andSyntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.

Allelopathic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &Frost, London. 791 pp.

Antibacterial Pharmazie, 46: 156, 1991.AnticlastogenAntifertilityAntihepatotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin

Med, 31(1):37-46.Antinitrosaminic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antioxidant IC24=30 ppmAntioxidant 1/3 BHAAntiperoxidant IC50=>100 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.AntisepticAntispasmodic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical

Press, London. 296pp.AntitumorCancer-PreventiveChemopreventiveCholereticCytotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Diaphoretic? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.Fungicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC11=5mM


PesticideProstaglandigenicProstaglandin-Synthesis-InhibitorTyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=3,650uM

P-CYMEN-8-OL Plant -- -- *

P-CYMENE Et -- 11000.0 -1.0 *

Activities (16)

Analgesic Martindale's 28thAntiacetylcholinesteraseIC40=1.2 mMAntibacillaryAntibacterialAntifluAntirheumatalgic Martindale's 28thAntiviralFLavor FEMA 12-250 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665

pp.Herbicide IC50=50 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665

pp.Insectifuge Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis,


Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Laxative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.PesticideSedative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.TrichomonicideLD100=50 ug/ml

P-CYMENE Leaf Essent.Oil

7000.0 17700.0 -0.52 *


Activities (16)








P-CYMENE Essential Oil 3100.0 5400.0 -0.59 *

Activities (16)








P-CYMENE Shoot 15.0 495.0 -0.11 *


Activities (16)








PALMITIC-ACID Fruit Essent.Oil

-- -- *

Activities (13)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAntialopecicAntiandrogenicAntifibrinolytic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.Antioxidant IC40=60FLavor FEMA 1 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHemolytic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.Hypercholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Lubricant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.PesticidePropecicSoap Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

PALMITIC-ACID Seed -- -- Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Activities (13)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAntialopecicAntiandrogenicAntifibrinolytic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.Antioxidant IC40=60FLavor FEMA 1 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHemolytic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.Hypercholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Lubricant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.

PesticidePropecicSoap Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

PANTOTHENIC-ACID Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.


Activities (11)

Antiallergic 100-500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiarthritic 500-2,000 mg/dayAnticephalagic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Anticlaudificant? Martindale's 29thAntidermatitic Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.Antifatigue Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Antihypercholesterolemic 300mg/meal


Antiielus? Martindale's 29thAntiinsomniac? Martindale's 29thAntirheumatitic? Martindale's 29thCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

PECTIN Shoot -- -- *

Activities (24)

Antiatheromic 15 g/man/day Cerda, J.J. Pectin in Health and Disease. HortScience, 25(12): 1485, 1990.AntibacterialAntidiabetic 10 g/man/day/orlAntidiarrheic Merck 11th EditionAntienteriticAntigallstoneAntigastriticAntilithicAntimetastaticAntimutagenicAntiobesity Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Prostate)AntitussiveAntiulcerCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.ChemopreventiveDemulcentFungicide Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.HemostatHypocholesterolemicHypoglycemic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.PeristalticPesticide

PECTOLINAMARIGENIN Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.

PHELLANDRENE Essential Oil -- 20000.0 *

Activities (4)

Hyperthermic HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 45.Irritant Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.

Spasmogenic Fitoterapia No.59-1984.Tumor-Promoter

PHELLANDRENE Leaf 100.0 560.0 -0.36 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Activities (4)

Hyperthermic HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 45.Irritant Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.Spasmogenic Fitoterapia No.59-1984.Tumor-Promoter

PHOSPHORUS Leaf 201.0 1280.0 -0.68 *


Activities (4)

Antiosteoporotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AnxiolyticImmunostimulant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Osteogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

PHYTOSTEROLS Leaf -- 2440.0 0.0 Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in HumanNutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)

Activities (2)

AntiprostatoticHypocholesterolemic

PICROSALVIN Leaf -- -- Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah.377 pp.

PINENE Essential Oil -- 84000.0 -1.0 *

Activities (12)

AllergenicAntibacterialAntisepticAntispasmodic Fitoterapia No.59-1984.Convulsant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The

Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R.Enterocontractant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.ExpectorantFungicideHerbicideIC50=30 mM


Perfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticideSpasmogenic Fitoterapia No.59-1984.

PINENE Leaf 420.0 2352.0 -0.35 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Activities (12)

AllergenicAntibacterialAntisepticAntispasmodic Fitoterapia No.59-1984.Convulsant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The

Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R.

Enterocontractant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.ExpectorantFungicideHerbicideIC50=30 mM


Perfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticideSpasmogenic Fitoterapia No.59-1984.

PLANTEOSE Seed -- -- *

POMOLIC-ACID Leaf -- 3.0 -1.0 *

Activities (2)

AntiHIV IC50=23.3ug/ml

Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat.Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.

AntiHIV EC50=1.4ug/ml

Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat.Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.

POTASSIUM Plant 10700.0 11630.0 -0.71 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses


Activities (14)

Angiotensin-Receptor-BlockerAntiarrhythmic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antifatigue Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntihypertensiveAntispasmodic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntistrokeAnxiolyticBeta-BlockerCardioprotective 3,000-5,000 mgCardiotoxic 18,000 mg/man/dayDiureticHypotensiveVasodilator

POTASSIUM Leaf 3878.0 24700.0 -0.25 *

Activities (14)

Angiotensin-Receptor-BlockerAntiarrhythmic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antifatigue Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntihypertensiveAntispasmodic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntistrokeAnxiolyticBeta-BlockerCardioprotective 3,000-5,000 mgCardiotoxic 18,000 mg/man/dayDiureticHypotensiveVasodilator

POTASSIUM-NITRATE Plant -- -- *

PRISTANE Leaf -- 56.0 *

PROTEIN Seed -- 180000.0 -0.48 *

PROTEIN Leaf 18055.0 115000.0 -0.97 *

RESIN Plant 50000.0 60000.0 -0.53 *

RIBOFLAVIN Leaf 0.6 3.6 -0.16 *

Activities (15)

AntiLyme 50 mg/dayAntiarabiflavinotic 2-10 mg/day orl Martindale's 28thAnticarpal-Tunnel 50 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticataract 15 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AnticephalagicAnticervicaldysplasic 1.6-10 mg/dayAnticheiliticAntidecubiticAntiglossitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntikeratiticAntimigraineAntioxidantAntipellagricAntiphotophobic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

ROSMADIAL Resin,Exudate, Sap

-- 6000.0 *


Activities (1)

Antioxidant

ROSMANOL Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.

Activities (5)

Antihepatotoxic Joyeux, M., Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Mortier, F., and Dorfman, P. 1989. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Injury in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes: A Modelfor Studying Anti-Hepatotoxic Crude Drugs. Planta Medica 56(2): 171-173, 1990.

Antilipoperoxidant Joyeux, M., Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Mortier, F., and Dorfman, P. 1989. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Injury in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes: A Modelfor Studying Anti-Hepatotoxic Crude Drugs. Planta Medica 56(2): 171-173, 1990.

AntioxidantAntiradicular Joyeux, M., Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Mortier, F., and Dorfman, P. 1989. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Injury in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes: A Model

for Studying Anti-Hepatotoxic Crude Drugs. Planta Medica 56(2): 171-173, 1990.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

ROSMANOL Resin,Exudate, Sap

-- -- *

Activities (5)





ROSMANOL Shoot -- 11.0 *

Activities (5)





ROSMANOL-7-ETHYL-ETHER Shoot -- 144.0 *

ROSMANOL-9-ETHYL-ETHER Shoot -- 144.0 *

Activities (1)

Antioxidant

ROSMARINIC-ACID Plant 30000.0 50600.0 1.35 *

Activities (57)

ABeta-InhibitorAdenylate-Cyclase-InhibitorAldose-Reductase-InhibitorAntiHIV EC50=40 ug/mlAntiaggregant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.AntiallergicAntialzheimeranAntianaphylactic 1-100mg/kg orl

Int. J. Immunopharmacology. Vol 10: 729, 1988.

Antianaphylactic ID50=1mg/kg ivn ratAntianaphylactic ID50=10mg/kg ims ratAntiatheroscleroticIC50=0.74 uMAntibacterial Planta Medica, 55: 663.Anticoagulant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Anticomplementary 1/2aspirinAnticomplementary 20mg/kg ivn

Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press,London. 296pp.

AntidepressantAntiedemic 0.316-3.16mg/kg ims



AntigonadotropicAntihemolytic IC70=5-10um/l


AntihepatotoxicAntiherpetic 50 ug/ml Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.Antiherpetic EC50=20ug/mlAntihyperthyroidAntiinflammatoryIC~58=1,000 uMAntiintegrase 10 ug/mlAntileukotrieneAntilipoperoxidantAntimutagenicAntinephriticAntioxidant EC50=2.7ug/ml

Parveen, N. 1991. Antifilarial Activity of Vitex negundo Against Setaria cervi. Fitoterapia, 62(2): 163, 1991.

Antioxidant 10 uMAntioxidant (LDL)IC50=0.74 uMAntiplaqueAntiproliferantAntiprostaglandin 20mg/kg ivn


Antiproteolytic IC50=0.9mol l


Antipulmonotic Tyler, V.E.. 1994.AntiradicularAntishock Int. J. Immunopharmacology. Vol 10: 735, 1988.AntithyreotropicAntithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.AntiuremicAntiviral EC50=40 ug/mlAnxiolyticApoptoticCOX-1-InhibitorIC58=1,000 uMCOX-2-InhibitorIC>58=1,000 uMCalcium-AntagonistIC50=1.2 uM rbtCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Cytotoxic TC50=100-150ug/mlDeiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.ImmunomodulatorImmunostimulantLipoxygenase-InhibitorNeuroprotectivePesticideRadioprotective

ROSMARINIC-ACID Leaf -- -- *

Activities (57)










AntihepatotoxicAntiherpetic 50 ug/ml Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.

Antiherpetic EC50=20ug/mlAntihyperthyroidAntiinflammatoryIC~58=1,000 uMAntiintegrase 10 ug/mlAntileukotrieneAntilipoperoxidantAntimutagenicAntinephriticAntioxidant EC50=2.7ug/ml







ROSMARINIC-ACID Inflorescence 30000.0 42000.0 0.26 *

Activities (57)



Antianaphylactic ID50=1mg/kg ivn ratAntianaphylactic ID50=10mg/kg ims rat

AntiatheroscleroticIC50=0.74 uM


Antibacterial Planta Medica, 55: 663.Anticoagulant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Anticomplementary 1/2aspirinAnticomplementary 20mg/kg ivn













ROSMARINIC-ACID TissueCulture

-- -- *

Activities (57)
















Antipulmonotic Tyler, V.E.. 1994.AntiradicularAntishock Int. J. Immunopharmacology. Vol 10: 735, 1988.AntithyreotropicAntithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.AntiuremicAntiviral EC50=40 ug/mlAnxiolytic

ApoptoticCOX-1-InhibitorIC58=1,000 uMCOX-2-InhibitorIC>58=1,000 uMCalcium-AntagonistIC50=1.2 uM rbtCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Cytotoxic TC50=100-150ug/mlDeiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.ImmunomodulatorImmunostimulantLipoxygenase-InhibitorNeuroprotectivePesticideRadioprotective

ROSMARINIC-ACID Shoot 2000.0 5800.0 -0.58 *

Activities (57)

ABeta-InhibitorAdenylate-Cyclase-InhibitorAldose-Reductase-InhibitorAntiHIV EC50=40 ug/mlAntiaggregant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.


AntiallergicAntialzheimeranAntianaphylactic 1-100mg/kg orl










Antioxidant 10 uM

Antioxidant (LDL)IC50=0.74 uMAntiplaqueAntiproliferantAntiprostaglandin 20mg/kg ivn





ROYLEANONE Root -- 20300.0 *

SABINENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 2000.0 -0.61 *


Activities (5)

AntibacterialAntihelicobacterAntisepticAntiulcerPerfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

SABINENE Essential Oil -- 1200.0 -0.59 *

Activities (5)

AntibacterialAntihelicobacterAntisepticAntiulcerPerfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

SABINENE Leaf 10.0 56.0 -0.23 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Activities (5)

Antibacterial

AntihelicobacterAntisepticAntiulcerPerfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

SABINOL Leaf 85.0 476.0 0.32 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils1979-1980.

Activities (5)

Anthelmintic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.Emmenagogue Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPesticideToxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.

SABINYL-ACETATE Plant 110.0 616.0 *

SACCHAROPINE Shoot -- 1.6 -0.71 *

SAFFICINOLIDE Shoot 35.0 57.0 *

SAGEONE Shoot 22.0 73.0 *

SAGEQUINONE-METHIDE-A Shoot -- 207.0 *

SAGERINIC-ACID Plant -- 1300.0 *

SALICYLIC-ACID Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.


Activities (34)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 724.6 uM

Toyomizu, M., Sugiyama, S., Jin, R. L., Nakatsu, T. 1993. Alpha-Glucosidase and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: Constituents of Cashew, Anacardiumoccidentale, Nut Shell Liquids. Phytotherapy Research, 7(3): 252-254.

AnalgesicAntiarthritic Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.Antibacterial Martindale's 28thAntidandruff A.L.L. Hunting. Encyclopedia of Shampoo Ingredients. Micelle Press, Cranford NJ. 467 pp.AntidermatoticAntieczemicAntiichthyosic Martindale's 29thAntiinflammatory Pharmazie, 46: 156, 1991.Antineuralgic Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.Antioncychomycotic Martindale's 29thAntioxidant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.AntiperiodicAntipodagricAntipsoriacAntipyreticAntirheumaticAntiseborrheicAntiseptic A.L.L. Hunting. Encyclopedia of Shampoo Ingredients. Micelle Press, Cranford NJ. 467 pp.AntitumorAntitympanitic Merck 11th EditionCOX-2-Inhibitor Newmark, T. M. and Schulick, P. 2000. Herbal Cox-2 Inhibition - Nature's Challenge to Arthritis, Cancer & Alzheimer's Disease. Hohm Press,

Prescott AZ.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Comedolytic Martindale's 29thCyclooxygenase-InhibitorDermatitigenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

Fungicide MIC 1,000ug/mlHypoglycemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 158.Insectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae).

Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.Keratolytic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.PesticideThermogenic 130 ppmTineacide Martindale's 29thUlcerogenic

SALVIANOLIC-ACID-K Plant -- 5760.0 *

SALVIATANNIN Leaf -- -- *

SALVIGENIN Leaf -- -- Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah.377 pp.

SALVIGENIN Shoot -- -- *

SALVIGENIN-7-O-GLUCURONIDE

Plant -- -- J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.

SALVIN Plant -- -- J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.

Activities (3)

Antibacterial Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Aug-92.Antiseptic Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Aug-92.Pesticide

SALVIN-MONOMETHYL-ETHER Leaf -- -- *

Activities (3)

Antibacterial Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Aug-92.Antiseptic Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Aug-92.Pesticide

SALVIOL Essential Oil -- -- *


Activities (3)

AntibacterialCytostaticID50=10ug/ml

Darias, V., Bravo, L., Rabanal, R., Sanchez-Mateo, C.C., and Martin-Herrera, D.A. 1988. Cytostatic and Antibacterial Activity of Some Compounds Isolatedfrom Several Lamiaceae Species from the Canary Islands. Planta Medica 56(1): 70, 1990.

Pesticide

SAPONIN Plant -- -- *

SELENIUM Leaf -- -- *

Activities (60)

AP-1-Inhibitor 2-50 uMAnalgesic 200 ug/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anorexic Cooper-Driver, G. A., Chemical substances in plants toxic to animals, pp. 213-47 in Rechcigl, M., Jr., ed. CRC Handbook of Naturally

Occurring Food Toxicants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1983, 339 pp.AntiHIVAntiNF-kBAntiacne 200 ug/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiaggregant Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiangiogenic 2 uMAntiangiogenic 230 ug/kg orlratAntiarthriticAntiasthmaticAntiatheroscleroticAnticataract 400 ug/dayAnticirrhotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticlimacteric 200 ug/dayAnticoronary 200 ug/dayAntidandruff Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidepressant 200 ug/dayAntidote (Mercury) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antifibrotic 400 ugAntigout 200 ugAntikeshan Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antileukemic 1.6 mg/kg iprmusAntileukotriene Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntimaculiticAntimelanomic 480 ug/kgAntimenopausal 200 ug/dayAntimetastatic 480 ug/kgAntimyalgic 200 ug/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiosteoarthriticAntioxidant 100-200 (-400)ug/man/dayAntiparkinsonian 200-400ug/dayAntiproliferant 2 uMAntiradicular 100-200 (-400)ug/man/day


AntirheumaticAntisyndrome-X 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day


Antitumor 100-200 (-400)ug/man/day


Antitumor (Breast) 333.6ug/dayAntitumor (Breast) 0.8 mg/kgscu musAntitumor (Breast) 150 ug/kgdiet ratAntitumor (Breast) 230 ug/kgorl ratAntitumor (Lung) 240 ug/kgdietAntitumor (Prostate)Antitumor (brain) 38-150ug/kgAntiulcerogenic Rafatullah, S., Tariq, M., Al-Yahya, M.A., Mossa, J.S., and Ageel, A.M. 1989. Evaluation of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) for Gastric and

Duodenal Antiulcer Activity in Rats. J. of Ethnopharmacology, 29: 25-34, 1990.AnxiolyticApoptoticCancer-Preventive Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Cardioprotective 200 ug/day


Depressant Cooper-Driver, G. A., Chemical substances in plants toxic to animals, pp. 213-47 in Rechcigl, M., Jr., ed. CRC Handbook of NaturallyOccurring Food Toxicants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1983, 339 pp.

Fungicide Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.ImmunomodulatorImmunostimulant 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day


NF-kB-InhibitorOrnithine-Decarboxylase-InhibitorPesticidePolyamine-Synthesis-InhibitorProstaglandin-Sparer Fujita, T., Nakatani, E., Funaishi, N., Sakuma, S., Fujimoto, Y. Potent inhibition of prostaglandin inactivation in rabbit gastric antral mucosal

slices by selenium ions in-vitro. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 655-657, 1990.Protein-Kinase-C-InhibitorIC50=2-50 uMVEGF-Inhibitor

SELIN-11-EN-4-OL Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 54000.0 *

SELINA-5,11-DIENE Plant -- -- *

SERINE Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.

Activities (1)

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

SILICON Leaf 0.5 3.1 -0.4 *

Activities (4)

Antiarteriosclerotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntionychyoticAntiosteoporoticCardioprotective

SODIUM Plant 11.0 12.0 -0.3 Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.

Activities (1)

Hypertensive Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

SODIUM Leaf 170.0 1080.0 -0.46 *

Activities (1)

Hypertensive Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

SPATHULENOL Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

STEARIC-ACID Seed -- -- Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Activities (8)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorCosmetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.FLavor FEMA 2-4,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Lubricant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPropecicSuppository Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

STEARIC-ACID Fruit Essent.Oil

-- -- *


Activities (8)

5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor

Cosmetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

FLavor FEMA 2-4,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Lubricant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPropecicSuppository Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

STIGMASTEROL Fruit Essent.Oil

-- -- *

Activities (12)

AntihepatotoxicAntiinflammatory Lawrence Review of Natural Products, 1995AntinociceptiveAntiophidic 2.3 mgipr mus

Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.

Antioxidant IC33=10uMAntiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant

Science, 75: 161-165, 1991.ArtemicideLC50=110 ppm

Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum.Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990.

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.EstrogenicHypocholesterolemic Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.OvulantSedative

STIGMASTEROL Leaf 5.0 230.0 1.78 *

Activities (12)

AntihepatotoxicAntiinflammatory Lawrence Review of Natural Products, 1995AntinociceptiveAntiophidic 2.3 mgipr mus

Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.

Antioxidant IC33=10uMAntiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant

Science, 75: 161-165, 1991.ArtemicideLC50=110 ppm

Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum.Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990.

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.EstrogenicHypocholesterolemic Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.OvulantSedative

TANNIN Plant 20000.0 80000.0 -0.05 *


Activities (35)

AnthelminticAntiHIVAntibacterialAnticancerAnticariogenicAntidiarrheic

AntidysentericAntihepatotoxicAntihypertensiveAntilipolyticAntimutagenicAntinephritic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously

Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.Antiophidic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.AntioxidantIC50=1.44 ug/mlAntioxidant 1/3quercetinAntiradicular 500mg/kg/day orl mus

Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone SpontaneouslyHypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.

Antiradicular 1/3quercetinAntirenitic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously

Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.AntitumorAntitumor-PromoterAntiulcerAntiviralCancer-Preventive HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 14.CarcinogenicChelatorCyclooxygenase-InhibitorGlucosyl-Transferase-InhibitorHepatoprotectiveImmunosuppressantLipoxygenase-InhibitorMAO-InhibitorOrnithine-Decarboxylase-InhibitorPesticidePsychotropic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously

Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor

TANNINS Leaf 785.0 10000.0 -1.09 *

TERPINEN-4-OL Leaf Essent.Oil

2000.0 3000.0 -0.52 *


Activities (23)

Allelopathic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The GenusVetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.HarwoodAcad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands.

AntiacetylcholinesteraseIC21-24=1.2 mMAntiacneAntiallergicAntiasthmatic Chin. J. Tuber. Respir. Dis., 4:203, 1982.AntibacterialAntioxidantAntiseptic Flav. & Frag. J. 9: 129.AntispasmodicAntitussive Chin. J. Tuber. Respir. Dis.AntiulcerBacteriostatic Chin. J. Tuber. Respir. Dis.

Diuretic 0.1 ml/ratFungicideHerbicide IC50=200 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent

Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.Herbicide IC50=22 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665

pp.InsectifugeIrritant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press,

London. 296pp.Nematicide MLC=1mg/ml


PesticideRenoirritant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press,

London. 296pp.SpermicideED100=0.015Vulnerary Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jan-91.

TERPINEN-4-OL Essential Oil -- 4500.0 -0.57 *

Activities (23)


AntiacetylcholinesteraseIC21-24=1.2 mMAntiacneAntiallergicAntiasthmatic Chin. J. Tuber. Respir. Dis., 4:203, 1982.AntibacterialAntioxidantAntiseptic Flav. & Frag. J. 9: 129.AntispasmodicAntitussive Chin. J. Tuber. Respir. Dis.AntiulcerBacteriostatic Chin. J. Tuber. Respir. Dis.Diuretic 0.1 ml/ratFungicideHerbicide IC50=200 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent







TERPINEN-4-OL Leaf 10.0 1120.0 0.3 *


Activities (23)


AntiacetylcholinesteraseIC21-24=1.2 mMAntiacneAntiallergicAntiasthmatic Chin. J. Tuber. Respir. Dis., 4:203, 1982.AntibacterialAntioxidantAntiseptic Flav. & Frag. J. 9: 129.AntispasmodicAntitussive Chin. J. Tuber. Respir. Dis.AntiulcerBacteriostatic Chin. J. Tuber. Respir. Dis.Diuretic 0.1 ml/ratFungicideHerbicide IC50=200 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent







TERPINEOL Essential Oil -- -- *

Activities (18)

Analgesic 10-100 ug/mlAnesthetic 10-100 ug/mlAntiallergenicAntiasthmaticAntibacterialAnticancer Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antiproliferant Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antiseptic Merck 11th EditionAntispasmodicAntitussiveCholagogueCulicide LC50=156-194 mg/lExpectorantInsecticide LC50=156-194 mg/lInsectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Larvicide LC50=156-194 mg/lPerfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticide

TERPINEOL Leaf -- -- Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.


Activities (18)

Analgesic 10-100 ug/mlAnesthetic 10-100 ug/mlAntiallergenicAntiasthmaticAntibacterialAnticancer Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antiproliferant Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.

Antiseptic Merck 11th EditionAntispasmodicAntitussiveCholagogueCulicide LC50=156-194 mg/lExpectorantInsecticide LC50=156-194 mg/lInsectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Larvicide LC50=156-194 mg/lPerfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticide

TERPINOLENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 2000.0 -0.59 *

Activities (9)

AllelochemicAntifeedantAntinitrosaminicAntioxidantDeodorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.FLavor FEMA 15-60


Fungicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPesticide

TERPINOLENE Plant -- 112.0 0.25 *

Activities (9)

AllelochemicAntifeedantAntinitrosaminicAntioxidantDeodorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.FLavor FEMA 15-60


Fungicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPesticide

THIAMIN Leaf 7.0 8.0 -0.06 Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.


Activities (31)

Analgesic 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiLyme 50 mgAntialcoholic 50-100 mg/dayAntialzheimeran 100-3,000mg/day


Antianorectic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Antibackache 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiberiberiAnticankerAnticardiospasmicAnticataractAnticolitic

AntidecubiticAntideliriantAntidementiaAntidyspepticAntiencephalopathic Martindale's 29thAntifatigue Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antigastritic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antihangover 50 mgAntiheartburnAntiherpeticAntimigraineAntimyocarditicAntineuralgic 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntineurasthenicAntineuriticAntineuropathic 50 mg Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntipoliomyeliticInsectifuge 75-150mg/man/day

Martindale's 28th

NeuroprotectivePesticide

THIAMINE Leaf 1.3 8.2 0.73 *

THUJOL-ACETATE Essential Oil -- 1300.0 *

THUJONE Plant 2500.0 13000.0 1.99 List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis,Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.

Activities (17)

Abortifacient Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

Anthelmintic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

Antibacterial J. Ess. Oil Res. 7: 271.Antiseptic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.

296pp.AntispasmodicED50=0.127mg/ml


CerebrodepressantConvulsant 40mg/kg

R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. TheMyth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R.

Counterirritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

Emmenagogue Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

EpileptigenicHallucinogenicHerbicide IC50=22mM


NeurotoxicPerfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPesticideRespirainhibitorToxic Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry


THUJONE Leaf 1453.0 12636.0 1.41 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Activities (17)













THUJONE Et -- 457000.0 *

Activities (17)













THUJONE Essential Oil 451300.0 531000.0 1.0 *


Activities (17)













THYMOL Essential Oil -- -- *

Activities (71)

AcaricideAllergenicAnalgesic Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.Ancylostomicide Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.Anesthetic Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.Ankylostomacide Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.Anthelmintic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel

Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Antiacne Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.AntiaggregantIC50=0.75

Tramil, 42: 511.

Antialzheimeran? L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase.Antiarthritic Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.AntiatheroscleroticIC50=4 uMAntibacterial MIC=50-400 ug/mlAntibronchitic Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.Anticariogenic MIC=200-400 ug/mlAnticholinesterase L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase.Antihalitosic American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993.Antiherpetic Martindale's 28thAntiinflammatory(=indomethacin)Antilepric Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.AntimelanomicIC50=120 uM/lAntineuriticAntioxidant 100 ppm Martindale's 28thAntioxidant (LDL)IC50=4 uMAntiperiodontic MIC=50-200 ug/mlAntiplaque MIC=39-625ug/ml

Osawa, K., Matsumoto, T., Maruyama, T., Takiguchi, T., Okuda, K., and Takazoe, I., Studies of the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and theirconstituents against periodontopathic bacteria, Bull Tokyo Dent. Coll., 31 (1), 1990, 17-21

Antiradicular EC=60 Jimenez, J., Navarro, M.C., Montilla, M.P., Martin, A. and Martinez, A. 1993. Thymus zygis Oil: Its Effects on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity and FreeRadical Scavenger Activity. JEO5: 153-8.

Antirheumatic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. DanielCo., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

Antisalmonella


Antiseptic 20 x phenol Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)AntispasmodicAntistaphylococcicAntistreptococcicMIC=200-400 ug/mlAntitrichinosic 5% Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.Antitussive Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.Ataxigenic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Candidicide 100 ug/ml(>Nystatin)Carminative Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.Counterirritant Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Culicide LC50=36-49mg/lCyclooxygenase-Inhibitor(=indomethacin)Dentifrice Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryDeodorant Martindale's 28thDermatitigenicEnterorelaxant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.Enterotoxic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.Expectorant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.FLavor FEMA 2-100 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicide Merck 11th EditionGastroirritant Martindale's 29thGram(+)icide MIC=200-400 ug/mlGram(-)icide MIC=50-200 ug/mlInsecticide LC50=36-49mg/lInsecticide 0.22 uM/flyInsectifugeIrritant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Larvicide 10 ppm Berenbaum, M. R., The natives knew, Chemtech, (May), 1990, 275-279.Larvicide 58 ppmLarvicide LC50=36-49mg/lMolluscicideMyorelaxant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.Nematicide MLC=0.1mg/ml


Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPesticideSedative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Sprout-Inhibitor Duke, J.A.. Personal Communication.TracheorelaxantTrichomonicideLD100=25 ug/mlUrinary-Antiseptic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel

Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.VarroacideVermicide Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.

THYMOL Leaf -- -- *

Activities (71)

AcaricideAllergenicAnalgesic Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.Ancylostomicide Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.Anesthetic Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.Ankylostomacide Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.Anthelmintic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel

Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Antiacne Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.


AntiaggregantIC50=0.75

Tramil, 42: 511.

Antialzheimeran? L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase.Antiarthritic Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.AntiatheroscleroticIC50=4 uMAntibacterial MIC=50-400 ug/mlAntibronchitic Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.Anticariogenic MIC=200-400 ug/mlAnticholinesterase L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase.Antihalitosic American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993.Antiherpetic Martindale's 28thAntiinflammatory(=indomethacin)Antilepric Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.AntimelanomicIC50=120 uM/lAntineuriticAntioxidant 100 ppm Martindale's 28thAntioxidant (LDL)IC50=4 uMAntiperiodontic MIC=50-200 ug/mlAntiplaque MIC=39-625ug/ml

Osawa, K., Matsumoto, T., Maruyama, T., Takiguchi, T., Okuda, K., and Takazoe, I., Studies of the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and theirconstituents against periodontopathic bacteria, Bull Tokyo Dent. Coll., 31 (1), 1990, 17-21

Antiradicular EC=60 Jimenez, J., Navarro, M.C., Montilla, M.P., Martin, A. and Martinez, A. 1993. Thymus zygis Oil: Its Effects on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity and FreeRadical Scavenger Activity. JEO5: 153-8.

Antirheumatic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. DanielCo., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

AntisalmonellaAntiseptic 20 x phenol Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176)AntispasmodicAntistaphylococcicAntistreptococcicMIC=200-400 ug/mlAntitrichinosic 5% Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.Antitussive Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.Ataxigenic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Candidicide 100 ug/ml(>Nystatin)Carminative Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption

Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.Counterirritant Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Culicide LC50=36-49mg/l

Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor(=indomethacin)Dentifrice Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryDeodorant Martindale's 28thDermatitigenicEnterorelaxant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.Enterotoxic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.Expectorant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.FLavor FEMA 2-100 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicide Merck 11th EditionGastroirritant Martindale's 29thGram(+)icide MIC=200-400 ug/mlGram(-)icide MIC=50-200 ug/mlInsecticide LC50=36-49mg/lInsecticide 0.22 uM/flyInsectifugeIrritant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Larvicide 10 ppm Berenbaum, M. R., The natives knew, Chemtech, (May), 1990, 275-279.Larvicide 58 ppmLarvicide LC50=36-49mg/lMolluscicideMyorelaxant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.


Nematicide MLC=0.1mg/ml


Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPesticideSedative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Sprout-Inhibitor Duke, J.A.. Personal Communication.TracheorelaxantTrichomonicideLD100=25 ug/mlUrinary-Antiseptic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel

Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.VarroacideVermicide Madaus, G. 1976. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Hilfmittel. Vol,. 1-3. 2862 pp. (+ 144 p. index). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildescheim. Reprint of 1938

Madaus.

TIN Leaf 1.3 8.0 -0.91 *

Activities (4)

AntiacneAntibacterialPesticideTaenicide Martindale's 28th

TRANS-3-HEXENAL Plant -- -- *

TRANS-ALLO-OCIMENE Plant -- -- *

TRANS-BETA-OCIMENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

TRANS-OCIMENE Plant -- -- *

TRANS-PINOCARVEOL Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

Activities (2)

Antimalarial IC50=5-50ug/ml


Antiplasmodial IC50=5-50 ug/ml


TRANS-SABINENE-HYDRATE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 2000.0 -1.0 *

TRANS-SABINENE-HYDRATE Leaf 10.0 56.0 1.68 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

TRANS-SABINOL Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

TRANS-SABINOL Leaf -- -- Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

TRANS-SALVENE Essential Oil -- 800.0 *

TRICYCLENE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- 3000.0 -1.0 *

TRICYCLENE Leaf 15.0 84.0 1.36 Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

TYROSINE Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.

Activities (8)

Antidepressant?Antiencephalopathic Martindale's 29thAntiparkinsonian 100mg/kg/day


Antiphenylketonuric Martindale's 29thAntiulcer 256 mg scu Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P.

O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.Antiulcer 400 mg/kg iprrat

Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P.O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Monoamine-Precursor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

URS-12-EN-28-OIC-ACID Leaf -- 14.0 *


URSOLIC-ACID Root -- -- *

Activities (89)

AnalgesicAntiEBV Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press,

London. 296pp.AntiHIV EC50=2.0 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat.

Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.AntiHIV IC50=6.5 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat.

Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.AntiHIV IC85=18 ug/mlAntiHIV 6.7 uMAntiTGF-beta IC50=6-7.5uMAntialzheimeran Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.AntiarrhythmicAntiarthritic Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991.AntibacterialAnticancer Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Anticancer (Colon) Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Anticarcinomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Anticariogenic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Anticholestatic 28-100mg/kg orl

Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic AcidIsolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.

Anticomplement IC1000.1 mM/l gpg




Antidiabetic Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)AntiedemicAntiescherichicAntifibrosarcomicIC80=10 uMAntihepatotoxic 5-20mg/kg ipr


Antihistaminic Tsuruga, T., Chun, Y.-T., Ebizuka, Y., and Sankawa, U. 1991. Biologically Active Constituents of Melaleuca leucadendron: Inhibitors of InducedHistamine Release from Rat Mast Cells. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39(12): 3276-3278, 1991.

AntihyperlipidemicAntiinflammatory 1/3indomethacinAntiinflammatoryIC24=500 mg/kgAntileishmanic ED50=20uMAntileukemic IC50=2.5-17.8 ug/mlAntilymphomic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press,

London. 296pp.Antimalarial IC50=28-37ug/mlAntimetastatic IC80=10uMAntimutagenic IC57-80=80 mg/kgAntinephritic IC50=6-7.5uMAntiobesity? Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4.Antioxidant IC50=10 uMAntiperoxidant IC35=200ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=28-37 ug/mlAntiproliferativeIC50=15-20 uMAntistaphylococcicAntithromboxaneIC50=50 uMAntitrypanosomicAntitumor Cancer Research, 54: 701, 1994.Antitumor (Breast) 0.5%dietAntitumor (Breast)IC50=15-20 uMAntitumor (Cervix) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Lung)


Antitumor (Ovary) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,31(1):37-46.

Antitumor (Stomach)IC50=15-20 uMAntitumor (brain) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor-Promoter Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991.Antiulcer Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid

Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.Antiviral IC85=18 ug/mlAromatase-InhibitorBeta-BlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kgCNS-DepressantCOX-2-InhibitorIC50=130 uM/Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidicideCardioprotectiveCardiotonicCholeretic 5-20 mg/kg orl Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid

Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Cytotoxic 50 ppmCytotoxic ED50=3.75ug/mlCytotoxic 7.2 uMDiureticElastase-InhibitorIC50=~15 uMHepatoprotective 1-100ug/mlHepatoprotective 10mg/kgHypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.HypotensiveImmunomodulatorLeucocytogenicLipoxygenase-InhibitorIC50=0.18 mMMMP-9-Inhibitor IC80=10uMOrnithine-Decarboxylase-InhibitorPesticidePiscicidePotassium-Sparing 3mg/rat

Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.

Protease-InhibitorIC85=18 ug/mlProtisticide Chemical Express, 7: 285, 1992.Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 5 ug/ml

Lee, S. K., Song, Y., Mata-Greenwood, E., Kelloff, G. J., Steele, V. E., Pezzuto, J. M. 1999. Modulation of in vitro Biomarkers of the CarcinogenicProcess by Chemopreventive Agents. Anticancer Res., 19: 35-44.

Sodium-Sparing 3 mg/rat Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.TOPO-2-InhibitorTrypanocideVasopressor

URSOLIC-ACID Stem -- 200.0 -0.86 *

Activities (89)



Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.AntiHIV IC50=6.5 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat.

Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.AntiHIV IC85=18 ug/mlAntiHIV 6.7 uMAntiTGF-beta IC50=6-7.5uMAntialzheimeran Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.

Antiarrhythmic


Antiarthritic Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991.AntibacterialAnticancer Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2









Antidiabetic Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)AntiedemicAntiescherichicAntifibrosarcomicIC80=10 uMAntihepatotoxic 5-20mg/kg ipr




London. 296pp.Antimalarial IC50=28-37ug/mlAntimetastatic IC80=10uMAntimutagenic IC57-80=80 mg/kgAntinephritic IC50=6-7.5uMAntiobesity? Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4.Antioxidant IC50=10 uMAntiperoxidant IC35=200ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=28-37 ug/mlAntiproliferativeIC50=15-20 uMAntistaphylococcicAntithromboxaneIC50=50 uMAntitrypanosomicAntitumor Cancer Research, 54: 701, 1994.Antitumor (Breast) 0.5%dietAntitumor (Breast)IC50=15-20 uMAntitumor (Cervix) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Lung)Antitumor (Ovary) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Stomach)IC50=15-20 uM

Antitumor (brain) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,31(1):37-46.

Antitumor-Promoter Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991.Antiulcer Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid

Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.Antiviral IC85=18 ug/mlAromatase-InhibitorBeta-BlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kgCNS-DepressantCOX-2-InhibitorIC50=130 uM/Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.


CandidicideCardioprotectiveCardiotonicCholeretic 5-20 mg/kg orl Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid


Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Cytotoxic 50 ppmCytotoxic ED50=3.75ug/mlCytotoxic 7.2 uMDiureticElastase-InhibitorIC50=~15 uMHepatoprotective 1-100ug/mlHepatoprotective 10mg/kgHypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of






URSOLIC-ACID Leaf 1255.0 1300.0 -0.39 *

Activities (89)



Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.

AntiHIV IC50=6.5 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat.Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.

AntiHIV IC85=18 ug/mlAntiHIV 6.7 uMAntiTGF-beta IC50=6-7.5uMAntialzheimeran Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.AntiarrhythmicAntiarthritic Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991.AntibacterialAnticancer Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2









Antidiabetic Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)Antiedemic


AntiescherichicAntifibrosarcomicIC80=10 uMAntihepatotoxic 5-20mg/kg ipr




London. 296pp.Antimalarial IC50=28-37ug/mlAntimetastatic IC80=10uMAntimutagenic IC57-80=80 mg/kgAntinephritic IC50=6-7.5uMAntiobesity? Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4.Antioxidant IC50=10 uMAntiperoxidant IC35=200ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=28-37 ug/mlAntiproliferativeIC50=15-20 uMAntistaphylococcicAntithromboxaneIC50=50 uMAntitrypanosomicAntitumor Cancer Research, 54: 701, 1994.Antitumor (Breast) 0.5%dietAntitumor (Breast)IC50=15-20 uM

Antitumor (Cervix) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,31(1):37-46.

Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Lung)Antitumor (Ovary) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Stomach)IC50=15-20 uMAntitumor (brain) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor-Promoter Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991.Antiulcer Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid

Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.Antiviral IC85=18 ug/mlAromatase-InhibitorBeta-BlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kgCNS-DepressantCOX-2-InhibitorIC50=130 uM/Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidicideCardioprotectiveCardiotonicCholeretic 5-20 mg/kg orl Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid


Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Cytotoxic 50 ppmCytotoxic ED50=3.75ug/mlCytotoxic 7.2 uMDiureticElastase-InhibitorIC50=~15 uMHepatoprotective 1-100ug/ml


Hepatoprotective 10mg/kgHypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of






UVAOL Plant -- -- *

Activities (6)

Antioxidant IC47=10 uMAntiproliferative IC50=30->30 uMAntitumor (Breast) IC50=30->30 uMAntitumor (Stomach) IC50=30->30 uMCytotoxic 100-200 ppmLipoxygenase-Inhibitor

VALERANONE Leaf Essent.Oil

-- -- *

VANILLIC-ACID Plant -- -- Stitt, Paul. Why George should eat broccoli.


Activities (24)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM/lAllelopathicAnthelmintic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Antibacterial 1.5-15mg/ml

Recio, M. C., Rios, J. L., and Villar, A., A review of some antimicrobial compounds isolated from medicinal plants reported in the literature 1978-1988,Phytotherapy Research, 3(4), 1989, 117-125.

AnticancerAntifatigueAntiinflammatory Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.AntileukemicIC50=25-56 ug/ml

Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,31(1):37-46.

Antioxidant IC21=30ppmAntioxidant 1/3 BHAAntiperoxidant IC15-65=100-200 ug/mlAntiradicular 7 xquercetinAntisepticAntisickling Planta Medica, 56(6): 681, 1990.AntitumorAntitumor-PromoterAscaricideCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CholereticFungicideImmunosuppressantLaxative =ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, New

Delhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600ppPesticideUbiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.

VIRIDIFLOROL Leaf -- -- *

Activities (1)

Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=25 ug/ml

VIRIDIFLOROL Essential Oil -- -- *

Activities (1)

Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=25 ug/ml

WATER Leaf -- 843000.0 0.18 *

WAX Plant -- -- *

ZINC Leaf 1.0 5.9 -0.49 *

Activities (77)

ACE-InhibitorAnalgesicAntiBPH 25-60 mg/dayAntiCrohn's Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntiHIVAntiacne 135 mg/dayAntiacrodermatitic 8-34mg/day/orl/chd

Martindale's 29th

AntialcoholicAntialopecic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antialzheimeran 50 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiangiogenicAntianorexic Martindale's 29thAntiarthritic 50mg/3x/day/orl/manAnticanker 100 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticataract 30 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticoeliac Martindale's 28thAnticold 50 mg Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticolitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.


Anticoronary 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Antidandruff Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntidementiaAntidiabetic 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antidote (Cadmium) Let's Live, May 1989.AntidysgeuzicAntieczemic 150 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiencephalopathic Martindale's 29thAntiepileptic 100 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antifibrotic 30 mgAntifuruncular 45mg/3x/day/man

Martindale's 28th

Antihangover 15 mgAntiherpetic? 25-60 mg/dayAntiimpotence Martindale's 29thAntiinfective 50 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinfertility 60 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antilepric Martindale's 29thAntileukonychicAntilymphomicAntimaculiticAntimetastaticAntineuropathicAntinyctalopicAntiobesity 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntiosteoporoticAntiperiodontiticAntiplaque Martindale's 29thAntiprolactin Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiprostatitic 50mg/man/day/orl


Antirheumatic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiseptic 50 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antispare-Tire 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antistomatitic 50mg/man/3x/day

Martindale's 28th

Antisyndrome-X 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Antitinnitic 60-120 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antitriglyceride 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antiulcer 50 mg/3x/day/man Martindale's 28thAntiulcer 88 mg/rat/day/15 daysAntiviral? Martindale's 29thAstringent Martindale's 28thCollagenicCopper-Antagonist Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Deodorant Martindale's 29thDetoxicant (Alcohol)ErgogenicHypotensive 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95ImmunomodulatorImmunostimulant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Immunosuppressant 300mg/day/6 wks/orl/man

Martindale's 29th

Insulinogenic 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Leptingenic 30-60 mg/man/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Mucogenic Li, K.M. Effect of zinc sulphate on acetic acid-induced gastric ulceration in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 657-659, 1990.NF-kB-InhibitorPesticideSpermigenic 60 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Testosteronigenic 60 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Trichomonicide Martindale's 29thVulnerary Martindale's 28th


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