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Methanisierung von Biomasse –CNG/LNG über thermochemische

Verfahren

Dr. Reinhard Rauch

Vienna, University of Technology

Bioenergy 2020+

CNG/LNG as transportation fuel

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Problem: fuelling stations

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• 179 public fuelling stations with CNGin Austria

• 85 Biodiesel (pure)• 32 Ethanol (E85)• 35 LPG

• 1433 Gasoline Super• 1720 Diesel

• 1786 Electric fuelling stations!!!

Data from ÖAMTC

CNG App, almostfrom every carmanufacterer

Problem: Cars

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Gasoline: 28 different typesDiesel: 30 different typesCNG: 3 different typesPlug In Hybrid: only 1

Source:http://cc.volkswagen.at/nwapp/nws/ICC3/VW!de!!!V!!!/?&MGN=055&pk_campaign=Markenseite%20Modellstart&pk_kwd=Golf

Basics of SNG

CHxOy -> H2 + CO + CH4 + CO23H2 + CO -> CH4 + H2O

300-400°C,

Nickel catalyst

fluidised bed, fixed bed or slurryreactor

gasificationGascleaning(tars, sulphur)

Gastreatment(H2:CO ratio,pressure)

methanationGas upgrading(CO2, steam,H2 removal)

• High Efficiency

• Usability of product

• Robust synthesis

• Know how available

Gasifiers for BioSNG

BiomassGasification

Autothermal

Air

Hu: low

N2: high

H2: low

O2/H2O

Hu: medium

N2: zero

H2: high

Allothermal

H2O

Hu: medium

N2: zero

H2: high

CO2

Hu: medium

N2: zero

H2: medium

Folie 7

Biomass GasifierGas

Catalyst

CH4

Heat

Heat

100 %70–75 % 60–65 %

Energetic Efficiency of BioSNG Process Chain

Future: Wind-Gas

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R&D on BioSNG

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GoBiGas SwedenDemonstration in 20 MW SNGproduction

Dakota Gas USACommercial plant(uses lignite, not biomass)

BioSNG Güssing Austria Demonstration

Milena Gasification ECN, Netherlands R&D

Heat Pipe Reformer Agnion, Germany R&D

Fluidised bedmethanation

PSI, Switzerland R&D

Coal to SNG China Demonstration / Commercial

ECN, The Netherlands

• Milena Gasifiers +

• OLGA gas cleaning

• 25kW and 800kW gasifiers for R&D

http://www.biosng.com

Future:• Large SNG-plants (100 MW+)• 3 bcm/y in 2030 and 30 bcm/y in 2050• CNG break-through?• LNG for trucks, boats (and aircrafts?)• Combination with (petro)chemical industry with ethylene,

benzene, syngas co-products

rawgas

fluegas

air

biomass

pyrolysis

combustion

steamorCO2 or …

Heat Pipe Reformer

• Developed at TU Munich

• Pressurised gasifier at 5 bar

• Demonstration plant inGermany

Folie 12

BIOMASSBIOMASS--TOTO--SYNTHETICSYNTHETIC--NATURALNATURAL--GASGAS

CO + 3 H2 = CH4 + H2O

Gasification Concept of Dual Fluid

Steam Air

Additional

Fuel

Biomass

Gasification Combustion

Producer Gas Flue gas

Circulation

Heat

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Commercial FICFB Gasifiers

LocationUsage /Product

Fuel / ProductMW, MW

Start up Supplier Status

Güssing, AT Gas engine 8.0fuel / 2.0el 2002AE&E /Repotec

Operational

Oberwart,AT

Gas engine /ORC / H2

8.5fuel / 2.8el 2008Ortner

AnlagenbauOperational

Villach, AT Gas engine 15fuel / 3.7el 2010Ortner

AnlagenbauOn hold

Senden/UlmDE

Gas engine /ORC

14fuel / 5el 2011 Repotec Operational

Burgeis, IT Gas engine 2fuel / 0.5el 2012Repotec /RevoGas

Operational

Göteborg,Sweden

BioSNG 32fuel/20 BioSNG 2013Repotec /

ValmetOperational

California R&D 1 MW fuel 2013 Greg Operational

Folie 15

Biomass CHP Güssing

BioSNG PDU

Technikum:

• FT synthesis

• Mixed Alcohols

• Hydrogen

Fuelling StationGasifier

Results

December 2008: First conversion of product gas intorawSNG

June 2009: BioSNG at H-Gas quality produced

• June 24th : inauguration –CNG cars were fuelledusing BioSNG from wood

• June 2009 CNG-car wassuccessfully used for1000km with BioSNG

• Mothballed by end of 2009

• Recommissioning during2012-2015

Quality BioSNG

unit

Germany

DVGWregulation

G260

Austria

ÖVGW

regulation

G31

BioSNG

Wobbe Index [kWh/m³] 12,8-15,7 13,3-15,7 14,15

Relative density [-] 0,55-0,75 0,55-0,65 0,56

Higher heatingvalue

[kWh/m³] 8,4-13,1 10,7-12,8 10,7

Folie 18

• Dual fluidised bedGasifier (Güssing type)

• Fixed bed methanationfrom Haldor Topsoe

Technology

19IEA Bioenergy Task33 Meeting 11/2014 in Karlsruhe

Results Gasification

20IEA Bioenergy Task33 Meeting 11/2014 in Karlsruhe

Folie 21

Nice cars

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2Biomass to Hydrogen

New design of gasifier: G-Volution

no more limit in scaling-up, as there is nostationary fluidized bed anymore

excellent gas-solids contact between catalyticbed material and product gas, so lower tarcontent

increases of residence times for fuel particles aswell as gases with regard to gas-solidsinteraction

solids residence time distribution resembles acascade of stirred vessels (dispersed downwardmovement of solids)

100 kW pilot plant at Vienna, University ofTechnology is in commissioning phase

Com

bust

ion

zone

Gasi

ficatio

nzo

ne

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Conversion of wind and photovoltaic totransportation fuels

Gas coolingand cleaning

GASIFIER

Biomass

Steam + CO2Air +additional fuel

COMBUSTOR

Flue gasProduct gas

synthesis Upgrading

dieselKerosene

SNG

CO2

CO2 removal

H2O electrolysisH2

Summary

• R&D on BioSNG is going on worldwide, butespecially in Europe

• BioSNG has a very high efficiency (60-70% frombiomass to SNG)

• One possibility for the transport sector (CNG cars)

• Method to use biomass also in large cities

Figure from Agnion

More info athttp://www.ieatask33.org/

Methanisierung von Biomasse – CNG/LNG über thermochemische�VerfahrenCNG/LNG as transportation fuelProblem: fuelling stationsProblem: CarsBasics of SNGGasifiers for BioSNGSlide Number 7Future: Wind-GasR&D on BioSNGECN, The NetherlandsHeat Pipe ReformerSlide Number 12Gasification Concept of Dual FluidCommercial FICFB GasifiersBiomass CHP GüssingResultsQuality BioSNGSlide Number 18TechnologyResults GasificationSlide Number 21Nice carsSlide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Conversion of wind and photovoltaic to transportation fuelsSummary