Micro t CHP GrGidrid - TU Dresden€¦ · Technische Universität München Lehrstuhl für...

Technische Universität München

Lehrstuhl für Energiewirtschaft und Anwendungstechnik

Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Wagner, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Th. Hamacher

Sustainable Mobility:

Analyzing the Supply Chain

for TUM‘s Electric Vehicle MUTE

Dipl.-Ing. Christian Kandler

7th Conference on Energy Economics and Technology

Dresden, April 27th 2012

Storage

Grid Grid

Sources: DA Kandler, FTM, EAS, RBW-Bau

Micro – Wind

Photovoltaics

Micro – CHP

© KC-2012-DA-002

Storage




Source: Schweizerische Elektrizitätsstatistik, 2010

Misc.

5 %

Source: e-control, 2010

Hard Coal

9 %

2

Gross Electricity Generation by Energy Carrier Germany (2011), Austria and Switzerland (2010)

Lignite

23 %

71

TWh

66

TWh

Hydro

53 %

Hydro

57 %

Nuclear Energy

38 % Germany

Austria

Switzerland

Crude Oil

2 %

Natural Gas

20 %

Renewables

4 % Misc.

12 %

Hard Coal 19%

Lignite 25%

Natural Gas 14%

Nuclear Energy

18%

Wind 8%

Hydro 3%

Biomass 5%

Solar 3%

Misc. 5%

612 TWh

Source: BDEW, 2012



Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Wagner, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Th. Hamacher 3

Load Management & V2G Valley Filling and Peak Shaving in Germany

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Hour of Day [h]

Insta

lle

d P

ow

er

Pla

nt

Ca

pa

cit

y [

GW

]

Peak Shaving

Valley Filling

Peak Load

Power Plants

Middle Load

Power Plants

Base Load

Power Plants

Renewable

Energy Feed-In

Load Forecast

© TUM IfE 58-078-L09




Load Management & V2G MUTE‘s Charging Mix in Germany (2015)

4

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Grid Mix Charging Off-Peak Charging

Sh

are

of

Ele

ctr

icit

y G

en

era

tio

n T

yp

eWind

Solar

Biomass

Water

Natural Gas

Hard Coal

Lignite

Nuclear

© TUM IfE 58-077-L12

Grid Mix Charging

• Conventional Consumer

Perspective

→ 37 gCO2/km

→ 2,00 €/100km

Off-Peak Charging

• Cost-Efficient Charging

during Off-Peak Hours

→ 71 gCO2/km

→ 1,85 €/100km




Renewables!

• EV: Energy Demand (Plug2Wheel): 7,1 kWh/100km

• Forecast of Power Plant Stock in different countries for 2015

• Controlled Charging during Off-Peak Hours

ITCA(USA)

SG © TUM IfE 58-098-B12

0

[ gCO2/km ]

40 8020

FRCHNO

2

DE

71

CN

GR

607438 81

EV Emission Scale Specific CO2 Emissions in Various Countries




Parallel Market Method Charging the MUTE with Renewables

6

• Hourly Matching of Charging

Demand and Renewable Supply

with the help of:

• Local Renewables + Micro-CHP

(based on Hourly Weather Data)

• Stationary Lithium-Ion-Storage

• Managed Charging @ 3,7 kW

• Charging Criterion: at Maximum a

20% Share of Electricity Purchase

from the Grid of the Hourly

Charging Demand

• Usage as a Secondary Vehicle

(15.600 km/a)

→ Optimization of the Most Cost-

Effective House System

Infrastructure using DHS,EVO




Parallel Market Method Charging the MUTE with Renewables - Results

3 kWth

9 kWel

2 kWel

2 kWh (Lithium - Ion)

Max. 1 %

0,4 g CO2/km

0,30 €/100km

investment costs: 23.000 €

state incentives (EEG): 22.000 €




• high surplus of photovoltaics energy

• low usage of storage

Parallel Market Method Coverage of Charging Demand (Typical Summer‘s Day)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

po

we

r [k

W]

hours [h]

PV Wind storage electricity purchase charging demand

© TUM IfE 69-003-L11

Summer




• low wind and photovoltaics availability in winter

• high usage of storage + need for grid electricity purchase

Parallel Market Method Coverage of Charging Demand (Typical Winter‘s Day)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

po

we

r [k

W]

hours [h]

PV Wind storage electricity purchase charging demand

© TUM IfE 69-004-L11

Winter




Parallel Market Method Comparison of Supply & Demand on the Balance Sheet

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

en

erg

y [

kW

h]

charging demand electricity production wind electricity production PV

© TUM IfE 69-010-N11




Daimler Smart

ICE

Diesel

Mix

Method

Delta

Method

Parallel Market

Method

86 g CO2/km

4,92 €/100km

37 g CO2/km

2,00 €/100km

71 g CO2/km

1,85 €/100km

0,4 g CO2/km

0,30 €/100km

11

Summary Comparison of Different Vehicle Concepts (2015)

Source: Daimler Source: FTM




Summary EV Market Integration

• Average Annual Distance: 15.600 km/year

• Economic Lifetime: 15 years

‘Driving Costs‘:

ICE-Diesel: ~ 11.500 €

Grid Charging: ~ 4.500 €

Decentralised Charging: ~ 1.000 €

Difference in driving costs

=

Compensation of higher investment costs

12

- 7.000 €

- 10.500 €




• Kandler, C.: Energiewirtschaftliche Optimierung der hauseigenen erneuerbaren Stromerzeugung

zur Versorgung eines Elektrofahrzeugs. Diplomarbeit am Lehrstuhl für Energiewirtschaft und

Anwendungstechnik (IfE), TU München, Oktober 2010

• Gohla-Neudecker, B.; Roth, H.; Wagner, U.: Nachhaltige Mobilität: Anwendungsscharfe

Bereitstellung von erneuerbarer Energie für Elektroautos. Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen 60.

Jg., Heft 4, etv Energieverlag, Essen 2010

• Gohla-Neudecker, B.; Kuhn, P.; Wagner U.: Nachhaltige Mobilität: Energiewirtschaftlich optimierte

Bereitstellung von erneuerbarer Energie für Elektroautos. VDE-Kongress 2010 – E-Mobility, Leipzig

2010

• Gohla-Neudecker, B.; Roth, H.: Analysis of Renewable Energy Power Demand for Specifically

Charging EVs. Research study commissioned by Better Place, http://www.betterplace.com/the-

company-pressroom-whitepapers-detail/index/id/research-report-technical-university-of-munich,

California (USA) 2009

• Roth, H.; Kuhn, P.; Gohla-Neudecker, B.: Sustainable Mobility – Cost-Effective and Zero Emission

Integration of Germany‘s EV Fleet. Proceedings „2nd International Conference on Clean Electrical

Power – Renewable Energy Resources Impact” IEEE, Capri 2009

13

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