nach Art. 13 der Richtlinie 2000/60/EG für die ... · II.6.1.4 Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung sonstiger...

148
5SeW‘baQVOTbc\Ua^ZO\ \OQV 4‘b& )+ RS‘ EWQVbZW\WS *(((’.(’8: Tr‘ RWS 9ZcaaUSPWSbaSW\VSWb J4EABJ’C88A8 ?]r]eZ]j .,,4

Transcript of nach Art. 13 der Richtlinie 2000/60/EG für die ... · II.6.1.4 Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung sonstiger...

5SeW‘baQVOTbc\Ua^ZO\

\OQV 4‘b& )+ RS‘ EWQVbZW\WS *(((’.(’8:

Tr‘ RWS 9ZcaaUSPWSbaSW\VSWb

J4EABJ’C88A8

?]r]eZ]j .,,4

<[^‘Saac[

=]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf fY[‘ <jlac]d -/ \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ^~j \a] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]alRYjfgo+K]]f]

M]\Yclagf6 GYf\]kYel ^~j Peo]dl( IYlmjk[‘mlr mf\ B]gdg_a]

Flussgebietseinheitenin Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

III

I]‘e]‘b

aT\O RRQ& *((1 P\RjXd^

IV

V

<\VOZbadS‘hSWQV\Wa

N]al]

< 8W\ZSWbc\U )

<< 5SeW‘baQVOTbc\Ua^ZO\ ,

<<&) 4ZZUS[SW\S 5SaQV‘SWPc\U RS‘ 9ZcaaUSPWSbaSW\VSWb JO‘\]e’CSS\S

,

<<&)&) :S]U‘O^VWaQVS 4caRSV\c\U c\R OZZUS[SW\S 4\UOPS\ ,

<<&)&* ;gR‘]U‘O^VWaQVS c\R VgR‘]Z]UWaQVS 5SaQV‘SWPc\U .

<<&)&+ BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘ 0 DD*-*/*- GY_] mf\ Bj]fr]f \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j 4 DD*-*/*. ycgj]_agf]f mf\ JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]jlqh]f -,

<<&)&, :‘c\ReOaaS‘ )-

<<&* FWU\WTWYO\bS 5SZOabc\US\ c\R O\bV‘]^]US\S 4caeW‘Yc\US\OcT RS\ LcabO\R d]\ BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘\ c\R

:‘c\ReOaaS‘

)/

<<&*&) BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘ )/ DD*.*-*- Kmfclm]dd] =]dYklmf_]f $<f‘Yf_ DD -*0 @B)RMMG% -5 DD*.*-*. ?a^^mk] Nlg^^]aflj|_] ., DD*.*-*/ RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f .0

DD*.*-*0 <Z^dmkkj]_mda]jmf_]f mf\ Yfl‘jghg_]f] ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘] Q]j|f\]jmf_]f

.0

DD*.*-*1 Ngfkla_] Yfl‘jghg_]f]j =]]aflj|[‘la_mf_]f .2

<<&*&* :‘c\ReOaaS‘ *. DD*.*.*- Kmfclm]dd] =]dYklmf_]f .2 DD*.*.*. ?a^^mk] =]dYklmf_]f .3 DD*.*.*/ RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f .3 DD*.*.*0 Ngfkla_] Yfl‘jghg_]f] =]]aflj|[‘la_mf_]f .3

<<&+ 8‘[WbbZc\U c\R >O‘bWS‘c\U RS‘ FQVcbhUSPWSbS "4‘bWYSZ . c\R 4\VO\U <I 8:%JEE?#

*0

<<&+&) :SPWSbS Tr‘ RWS 8\b\OV[S d]\ JOaaS‘ Tr‘ RS\ [S\aQVZWQVS\:SP‘OcQV ’ G‘W\YeOaaS‘aQVcbhUSPWSbS

*0

<<&+&* :SPWSbS hc[ FQVcbh eW‘baQVOTbZWQV PSRScbS\RS‘ O_cObWaQVS‘ 4‘bS\ "4\VO\U <I WW 8:%JEE?#

*0

<<&+&+ 8‘V]Zc\UaUSepaaS‘’5ORSUSepaaS‘ "4\VO\U <I WWW 8:%JEE?# *0

<<&+&, ApV‘ab]TTaS\aWPZS :SPWSbS$ SW\aQVZWSoZWQV USTpV‘RSbS‘ :SPWSbS \OQVRS‘ 8:%AWb‘Ob‘WQVbZW\WS c\R S[^TW\RZWQVS‘ :SPWSbS \OQV RS‘ 8:%>][[c\OZOPeOaaS‘‘WQVbZW\WS "4\VO\U <I Wd 8:%JEE?#

*1

VI

N]al]

<<&+&- 8:%I]USZaQVcbh% c\R 99;%:SPWSbS "4\VO\U <I d 8:%JEE?# *1

<<&+&. 9WaQV% c\R @caQVSZUSepaaS‘ *1

<<&, :SepaaS‘rPS‘eOQVc\Ua^‘]U‘O[[S c\R 8‘USP\WaaS RS‘ LcabO\RaPSeS‘bc\U RS‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ c\R 5SeS‘bc\U RSa LcabO\Ra RS‘ FQVcbhUSPWSbS

+(

I]‘PS[S‘Yc\US\ +(

<<&,&) BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘ +* DD*0*-*- zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg_jYee JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j /. DD*0*-*. ycgdg_ak[‘]j UmklYf\ + ycgdg_ak[‘]k Kgl]flaYd \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f)

_]o|kk]j/5

DD*0*-*/ >‘]eak[‘]j UmklYf\ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j 0/ DD*0*-*0 UmkYee]f^Ykk]f\] UmklYf\kZ]k[‘j]aZmf_ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f oYkk]jc}jh]j

0/

<<&,&* :‘c\ReOaaS‘ ,, DD*0*.*- zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg_jYee Bjmf\oYkk]j 00 DD*0*.*. >‘]eak[‘]j UmklYf\ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk 04 DD*0*.*/ H]f_]fe|{a_]j UmklYf\ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk 05

<<&,&+ FQVcbhUSPWSbS ,1DD*0*/*- UmklYf\ \]j B]Za]l] ^~j \a] @flfY‘e] ngf RYkk]j ^~j \]f

e]fk[‘da[‘]f B]ZjYm[‘ fY[‘ <jlac]d 3 @B)RMMG05

DD*0*/*. UmklYf\ o]al]j]j N[‘mlr_]Za]l] 1,

<<&- ?WabS RS‘ 5SeW‘baQVOTbc\UahWSZS US[po 4‘b& , 8:%JEE? -)

<<&-&) nPS‘‘SUW]\OZS 5SeW‘baQVOTbc\UahWSZS c\R eWQVbWUS JOaaS‘PSeW‘baQVOTbc\UaT‘OUS\

-)

<<&-&* 5SeW‘baQVOTbc\UahWSZS Tr‘ BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘ c\R :‘c\ReOaaS‘% Yq‘^S‘

-0

DD*1*.*- F~fklda[‘] mf\ ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl] JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j 14 DD*1*.*. <mkfY‘e]f 2, DD*1*.*/ Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_]f $<jl* 0 <Zk* 0% 2, DD*1*.*0 R]fa_]j klj]f_] Peo]dlra]d] $<jl* 0 <Zk* 1% 2. DD*1*.*1 Qgj~Z]j_]‘]f\] Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_]f $<jl* 0 <Zk* 2% 2/ DD*1*.*2 xf\]jmf_]f \]j h‘qkak[‘]f @a_]fk[‘Y^l]f ngf JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]j) c}jh]jf( \]k K]_]dk ngf Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf( Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_ nge k]‘j _ml]f rme _ml]f UmklYf\ af^gd_] ]af]j f]m]f fY[‘‘Ydla_]f Yfl‘jghg_]f]f @floa[cdmf_kl|la_c]al $<jl* 0 <Zk* 3%

2/

<<&-&+ 5SeW‘baQVOTbc\UahWSZS Tr‘ FQVcbhUSPWSbS .,

<<&. LcaO[[S\TOaac\U RS‘ eW‘baQVOTbZWQVS\ 4\OZgaS RS‘ JOaaS‘% \cbhc\U "4‘bWYSZ - c\R 4\VO\U <<< 8:%JEE?#

./

<<&.&) JOaaS‘\cbhc\U ./ DD*2*-*- Peo]dl}cgfgeak[‘] B]kYelj][‘fmf_ 24 DD*2*-*. RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f ^~j \a] }^^]flda[‘] RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ 3,

VII

DD*2*-*/ y^^]flda[‘] <ZoYkk]j]flkgj_mf_ 3, DD*2*-*0 Rajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] =]\]mlmf_ kgfkla_]j RYkk]jfmlrmf_]f 3,

<<&.&* 5OaSZW\S%FhS\O‘W] /) DD*2*.*- QgjZ]e]jcmf_]f 3- DD*2*.*. @floa[cdmf_ \]k RYkk]j\Yj_]Zglk 3- DD*2*.*/ y^^]flda[‘] RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ 3. DD*2*.*0 y^^]flda[‘] <ZoYkk]j]flkgj_mf_ 3/ DD*2*.*1 @floa[cdmf_khjg_fgk] ^~j o]al]j] RYkk]jfmlrmf_]f 31

<<&.&+ >]abS\RSQYS\RS JOaaS‘RWS\abZSWabc\US\ /1 DD*2*/*- <Z_j]frmf_ \]k =]_ja^^k RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f 35 DD*2*/*. H]l‘g\ac 35 DD*2*/*/ @j_]Zfakk] 4, DD*2*/*0 UmkYee]f^Ykkmf_ mf\ N[‘dmkk^gd_]jmf_]f 40

<<&/ LcaO[[S\TOaac\U RSa @Oo\OV[S^‘]U‘O[[a "4‘bWYSZ )) W\ IS‘PW\Rc\U [Wb 4‘bWYSZ , 8:%JEE?#

0-

<<&/&) @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ H[aSbhc\U RS‘ US[SW\aQVOTbZWQVS\ JOaaS‘aQVcbhd]‘aQV‘WTbS\

0/

<<&/&* C‘OYbWaQVS\ FQV‘WbbS c\R @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ 4\eS\Rc\U RSa :‘c\RaObhSa hc‘ 7SQYc\U RS‘ >]abS\ d]\ JOaaS‘RWS\abZSWabc\US\

00

<<&/&+ @Oo\OV[S\ O\ :SepaaS‘\ hc‘ 8\b\OV[S d]\ G‘W\YeOaaS‘ 01

<<&/&, 5SU‘S\hc\US\ W\ PShcU OcT RWS 8\b\OV[S ]RS‘ 4cTabOcc\U d]\ JOaaS‘

($

<<&/&- 5SU‘S\hc\US\ Tr‘ 8W\ZSWbc\US\ rPS‘ Cc\Yb_cSZZS\ c\R a]\abWUS GpbWUYSWbS\ [Wb 4caeW‘Yc\US\ OcT RS\ LcabO\R RSa :‘c\ReOaaS‘a

1)

<<&/&. 5SU‘S\hc\US\ RS‘ RW‘SYbS\ 8W\ZSWbc\US\ W\ ROa :‘c\ReOaaS‘ 1*

<<&/&/ @Oo\OV[S\ VW\aWQVbZWQV ^‘W]‘Wbp‘S‘ Fb]TTS 1*

<<&/&0 @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ IS‘[SWRc\U ]RS‘ IS‘‘W\US‘c\U c\PSOPaWQVbWUbS‘ :SepaaS‘dS‘aQV[cbhc\US\

1+

<</&1 @Oo\OV[S\ Tr‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘$ RWS TSabUSZSUbS H[eSZbhWSZS [qUZWQVS‘eSWaS \WQVb S‘‘SWQVS\

1,

<<&/&)( 8‘Up\hS\RS @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ 8‘‘SWQVc\U RS‘ H[eSZbhWSZS 1,

<<&/&)) @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ IS‘[SWRc\U RS‘ Lc\OV[S d]\ IS‘aQV[cbhc\US\ RS‘ @SS‘SaUSepaaS‘

1-

<<&/&)* LcaO[[S\TOaac\U RS‘ TSabUSZSUbS\ @Oo\OV[S\ 1.

<<&0 IS‘hSWQV\Wa RSbOWZZWS‘bS‘ C‘]U‘O[[S c\R 5SeW‘baQVOTbc\Ua%^ZO\c\US\

10

<<&1 LcaO[[S\TOaac\U RS‘ @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ <\T]‘[ObW]\ c\R 4\%Vq‘c\U RS‘ mTTS\bZWQVYSWb

)(1

VIII

<<&1&) @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ <\T]‘[ObW]\ RS‘ mTTS\bZWQVYSWb )(1

<<&1&* @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ 4\Vq‘c\U RS‘ mTTS\bZWQVYSWb )(1 DD*5*.*- <f‘}jmf_ rm U]alhdYf mf\ <jZ]alkhjg_jYee -,5 DD*5*.*. <f‘}jmf_ rm \]f oa[‘la_]f RYkk]jZ]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f --,

<<&1&+ 4\Vq‘c\U 8\bec‘T 5SeW‘baQVOTbc\Ua^ZO\ ))(

<<&)( Lcabp\RWUS 5SVq‘RS c\R >]\bOYbabSZZS\ Tr‘ RWS 5S‘SWbabSZZc\Ud]\ ;W\bS‘U‘c\RR]Yc[S\bS\ c\R %W\T]‘[ObW]\S\

)))

<<< LcaO[[S\TOaac\U ))*

<I ?WbS‘Obc‘dS‘hSWQV\Wa ))+

I :Z]aaO‘ )),

>O‘bS\O\VO\U

GOPSZZS\dS‘hSWQV\Wa <K

4PPWZRc\UadS‘hSWQV\Wa K<

IS‘hSWQV\Wa RS‘ >O‘bS\ K<<

IX

GOPSZZS\dS‘hSWQV\Wa

N]al]

DD*-)- <dd_]e]af] <f_YZ]f rmj Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f] 1

DD*-). Cq\jgdg_ak[‘] CYmhlo]jl] 3

DD*-)/ RYkk]jc}jh]j \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f] 5

DD*-)0 Ada]{_]o|kk]jlqh]f --

DD*-)1 NlYf\_]o|kk]jlqh]f -.

DD*-)2 F~kl]f_]o|kk]jlqh]f \]j -)ke)Ugf] -0

DD*.)- Na_fa^acYfl] =]dYklmf_]f mf\ Yfl‘jghg_]f] <mkoajcmf_]f Ym^ \]f Um)klYf\ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]

-4

DD*.). <Z^dmkkj]_mda]j]f\] =Ymo]jc] af \]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jf .1

DD*.)/ <Z^dmkkj]_mda]j]f\] =Ymo]jc] Yf \]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jf .1

DD*0)- zZ]jZda[cke]kkf]lr Ada]{_]o|kk]j //

DD*0). Pfl]jkm[‘mf_k^j]im]fr]f zZ]jZda[cke]kkf]lr Ada]{_]o|kk]j /0

DD*0)/ zZ]jZda[cke]kkf]lr NlYf\_]o|kk]j /1

DD*0)0 zZ]jZda[cke]kkf]lr F~kl]f_]o|kk]j /1

DD*0)1 ycgdg_ak[‘]j UmklYf\+}cgdg_ak[‘]k Kgl]fraYd \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]j)c}jh]j

0.

DD*0)2 >‘]eak[‘]j UmklYf\ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j 0/

DD*1)- QgjYmkka[‘lda[‘] Ua]d]jj]a[‘mf_ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j Zak .,-1 14

DD*1). Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_]f ^~j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j 2-

DD*1)/ Bj~f\] ^~j Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_]f af JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]jf 2-

DD*1)0 Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_]f ^~j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j 2.

DD*1)1 Bj~f\] ^~j Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_]f af Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf 2.

DD*2)- RYkk]j^dmkk roak[‘]f \]j IYlmj mf\ \]j Rajlk[‘Y^l kgoa] aff]j‘YdZ \]jRajlk[‘Y^l af \]f Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al]f .,,- fY[‘ \]e QBM)Fgfr]hl(AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]

25

DD*2). Kjg_fgklara]jl] =]n}dc]jmf_k]floa[cdmf_ af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf 3.

DD*2)/ QgjYmkka[‘lda[‘] @floa[cdmf_ \]j =]n}dc]jmf_ af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] 3.

X

DD*2)0 @floa[cdmf_ \]k RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘k af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]$Bjmf\YffY‘e]%

3/

DD*2)1 @floa[cdmf_ \]k RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘k af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]$QYjaYfl] -%

3/

DD*2)2 Qgj‘YZ]f \]j <ZoYkk]j]flkgj_mf_ af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf.,,3 ¡ .,-/

30

DD*2)3 @floa[cdmf_ \]k <ZoYkk]jYf^Yddk af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]$Bjmf\YffY‘e]%

30

DD*2)4 @floa[cdmf_ \]k <ZoYkk]jYf^Yddk af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]$QYjaYfl] -%

31

DD*2)5 Halld]j] B]kYel)K‘gkh‘gj) mf\ B]kYel)Nla[cklg^^)EY‘j]k^jY[‘l]f ngfRYjfgo mf\ K]]f]

31

DD*2)-, Fgkl]f\][cmf_ RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] 4-

DD*2)-- Fgkl]f\][cmf_ <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] 4-

DD*4)- =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kngjhdYfmf_]f af \]f =]YjZ]almf_k_]Za]l]f \]j AB@RYjfgo+K]]f]

-,-

DD*4). Cafl]j_jmf\eYl]jaYda]f rmj Pek]lrmf_ \]j @B)RMMG af \]j AB@ RYj)fgo+K]]f]

-,/

DD*-,)- Umkl|f\a_] =]‘}j\]f mf\ FgflYclkl]dd]f --,

XI

4PPWZRc\UadS‘hSWQV\Wa

N]al]

D)- ?][cZdYll =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] .

D). ?][cZdYll zZ]joY[‘mf_kZ]ja[‘l .

D)/ <f^Yf_kk]al] Dfl]jf]lYm^ljall RYkk]jjY‘e]fja[‘ldafa] H)Q /

DD*-)- B]g_jYh‘ak[‘] <mk\]‘fmf_ \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f] 0

DD*-). N]]f af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] YZ ,(1 ceu Ad|[‘] -/

DD*-)/ F~kl]foYkk]jc}jh]j -0

DD*-)0 Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j -2

DD*.)- Nla[cklg^^]aflj|_] af \a] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ..

DD*.). K‘gkh‘gj]aflj|_] af \a] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ..

DD*0)- N[‘]eY rmj =]o]jlmf_ ngf JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]jf 0.

DD*0). UmkYee]f^Ykk]f\] ?Yjkl]ddmf_ \]k UmklYf\k \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]j)c}jh]j \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]

00

DD*0)/ ?Yjkl]ddmf_ \]j =]dYklmf_k_]Za]l] af Z]rm_ Ym^ \a] Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j 01

DD*1)- Ua]d] \]j @B)RMMG 1.

DD*1). Kgl]fra]dd] B]Za]l] eal HY{fY‘e]f _]_]f \a^^mk] =]dYklmf_]f \]j J)Z]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf

13

DD*1)/ @j_]Zfak \]j <mko]akmf_ ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl]j mf\ c~fklda[‘]j RYkk]j)c}jh]j

15

DD*2)- Fgkl]f\][cmf_ ae <ZoYkk]jZ]j]a[‘ fY[‘ @flkgj_]jf eal mf\ g‘f] A}j)\]jmf_

4.

XII

>O‘bS\dS‘hSWQV\Wa

A‘& RS‘ >O‘bSW[ >O‘bS\O\%VO\Urm FYhal]d

>O‘bS )DD*-

9ZcaaUSPWSbaSW\VSWb JO‘\]e’CSS\S % nPS‘PZWQY

>O‘bS *DD*-

BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ % >ObSU]‘WS\

>O‘bS +DD*-

BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ % Gg^S\

>O‘bS ,DD*-

?OUS c\R :‘S\hS\ d]\ :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\

>O‘bS -DD*/

FQVcbhUSPWSbS <2 JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ Tr‘ RWS 8\b\OV[S d]\ JOaaS‘ Tr‘ RS\[S\aQVZWQVS\ :SP‘OcQV \OQV 4‘bWYSZ / 8:% JEE?

>O‘bS .DD*/

FQVcbhUSPWSbS <<2 5ORSUSepaaS‘ c\R ApV‘ab]TTaS\aWPZS :SPWSbS

>O‘bS /DD*/

FQVcbhUSPWSbS <<<2 ;OPWbObaQVcbhUSPWSbS "99;# c\R I]USZaQVcbhUSPWSbS

>O‘bS 0DD*0

nPS‘eOQVc\Ua\Sbh RS‘ BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘

>O‘bS 1DD*0

mY]Z]UWaQVS‘ LcabO\R c\R qY]Z]UWaQVSa C]bS\hWOZ RS‘ BPS‘TZpQVS\%eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘

>O‘bS )(DD*0

8W\VOZbc\U RS‘ H[eSZb_cOZWbpba\]‘[S\ Tr‘ O\RS‘S "\ObW]\OZS# FQVORab]TTS W\BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\

>O‘bS ))DD*0

6VS[WaQVS‘ LcabO\R RS‘ BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘

>O‘bS )*DD*0

8W\VOZbc\U RS‘ H[eSZb_cOZWbpba\]‘[S\ Tr‘ FQVeS‘[SbOZZS W\ BPS‘TZpQVS\%eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\

>O‘bS)+DD*0

8W\VOZbc\U RS‘ H[eSZb_cOZWbpba\]‘[S\ Tr‘ CSabWhWRS W\ BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘%Yq‘^S‘\

>O‘bS ),DD*0

8W\VOZbc\U RS‘ H[eSZb_cOZWbpba\]‘[S\ Tr‘ W\Rcab‘WSZZS FQVORab]TTS W\BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\

>O‘bS )-DD*0

8W\VOZbc\U RS‘ H[eSZb_cOZWbpba\]‘[S\ Tr‘ O\RS‘S FQVORab]TTS W\ BPS‘TZp%QVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\

>O‘bS ).DD*0

nPS‘eOQVc\Ua\Sbh RSa :‘c\ReOaaS‘a s @S\US s

XIII

>O‘bS )/DD*0

nPS‘eOQVc\Ua\Sbh RSa :‘c\ReOaaS‘a s 6VS[WS s

>O‘bS )0DD*0

6VS[WaQVS‘ LcabO\R RS‘ :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ c\R <RS\bWTWYObW]\ RS‘ :‘c\R%eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ [Wb aWU\WTWYO\b hc\SV[S\RS[ FQVORab]TTb‘S\R

>O‘bS )1DD*0

6VS[WaQVS‘ LcabO\R RS‘ :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ VW\aWQVbZWQV AWb‘Ob

>O‘bS *(DD*0

6VS[WaQVS‘ LcabO\R RS‘ :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ VW\aWQVbZWQV CSabWhWRS\

>O‘bS *)DD*0

6VS[WaQVS‘ LcabO\R RS‘ :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ VW\aWQVbZWQV O\RS‘S‘FQVORab]TTS

>O‘bS **DD*0

@S\US\[poWUS‘ LcabO\R RS‘ :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘

>O‘bS *+DD*0

LcabO\R RS‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ Tr‘ RWS 8\b\OV[S d]\ JOaaS‘ Tr‘ RS\[S\aQVZWQVS\ :SP‘OcQV \OQV 4‘bWYSZ / 8:% JEE?

>O‘bS *,DD*1

H[eSZbhWSZS RS‘ BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ s mY]Z]UWS s

>O‘bS *-DD*1

H[eSZbhWSZS RS‘ BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ s 6VS[WS s

>O‘bS *.DD*1

H[eSZbhWSZS RS‘ :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ s @S\US s

>O‘bS */DD*1

H[eSZbhWSZS RS‘ :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ s 6VS[WS s

>O‘bS *0DD*-,

Lcabp\RWUS 5SVq‘RS

1

< 8W\ZSWbc\U

<e ..*-.*.,,, omj\]f eal \]e Df)FjY^l)Oj]l]f \]j /:49C<:>:6 %$$$#’$#*+ 56B *DA?@H:B496> .2A!<2=6>CB D>5 56B /2C6B E?= %&" -;C?36A %$$$ FDA 049277D>8 6:>6B -A5>D>8BA29=6>B 7IA ,2G!>29=6> 56A +6=6:>B4927C := )6A6:49 56A 12BB6A@?<:C:; $ae Agd_]f\]f Ydk @B)RYkk]jjY‘e]fja[‘ldafa]( YZ_]c~jrl6 @B)RMMG( Z]r]a[‘f]l% me^Yf_j]a[‘] I]mj]_]dmf_]f ^~j \]fB]o|kk]jk[‘mlr mf\ \a] RYkk]joajlk[‘Y^l af @mjghY _]k[‘Y^^]f* Hal \]j Ma[‘ldafa] omj\] ]af Bjg{)l]ad \]j Zak‘]ja_]f ]mjgh|ak[‘]f M]_]dmf_]f rme B]o|kk]jk[‘mlr af ]af]j Qgjk[‘ja^l _]Z~f\]dlmf\ me eg\]jf] <kh]cl] \]k B]o|kk]jk[‘mlr]k ]j_|frl*

@af o]k]flda[‘]k Ua]d \]j @B)RMMG akl( \Ykk ka[‘ .,-1 e}_da[‘kl na]d] B]o|kk]j $JZ]j^d|[‘]f_])o|kk]j mf\ \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j% af ]af]e _ml]f UmklYf\ Z]^af\]f* Ra[‘la_kl]k KdYfmf_kafkljme]flaf \a]k]e Kjgr]kk akl ]af =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf( \]j ^~j Ydd] Z]\]ml]f\]f Admkk]afrm_k_]Za]l] af\]j @mjgh|ak[‘]f Pfagf Ym^rmkl]dd]f akl( me Ydd] <fklj]f_mf_]f ae B]o|kk]jk[‘mlr aff]j‘YdZ ngfAdmkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al]f mf\ roak[‘]f a‘f]f rm cggj\afa]j]f* DfkZ]kgf\]j] kaf\ \a] oa[‘la_]f ~Z]j)j]_agfYd]f RYkk]jZ]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f \Yjrmkl]dd]f mf\ af \]f Hall]dhmfcl \]j Pek]lrmf_ \]jMa[‘ldafa] rm kl]dd]f*

?a] ]mjgh|ak[‘] RYkk]jjY‘e]fja[‘ldafa] akl \mj[‘ zZ]jfY‘e] \]j M]_]dmf_]f af \Yk fYlagfYd _]d)l]f\] RYkk]j‘Ymk‘Ydlk_]k]lr $RCB% nge -5* <m_mkl .,,. mf\ af \a] RYkk]j_]k]lr] \]j G|f\]j ¡^~j H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf \mj[‘ \Yk @jkl] B]k]lr rmj xf\]jmf_ \]k GYf\]koYkk]j_]k]lr]knge 2* Emfa .,,1 ¡ ngddkl|f\a_ af \]mlk[‘]k M][‘l me_]k]lrl ogj\]f* R]_]f \]j <Zklaeemf_]fYm^ afl]jfYlagfYd]j @Z]f] mf\ \]j zZ]j_YZ] \]k =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfk Yf \a] @P)Fgeeakkagfoaj\ ae ngjda]_]f\]f =]ja[‘l b]o]adk afkZ]kgf\]j] Ym^ \a] M]_]dmf_]f $<jlac]d% \]j RYkk]jjY‘e]f)ja[‘ldafa] =]rm_ _]fgee]f*

?a] Hal_da]\kklYYl]f ‘YZ]f _]e|{ <jlac]d -/ <ZkYlr - @B)RMMG ^~j ]af] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al( \a]ngddkl|f\a_ af a‘j]e Cg‘]alk_]Za]l da]_l( ]af]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf ^~j \a] @afrm_k_]Za]l] rm]jkl]dd]f* ?]j ‘a]j ngjda]_]f\] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf Z]ra]‘l ka[‘ Ym^ \a] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al $AB@%RYjfgo+K]]f]( \a] ngddkl|f\a_ Ym^ \]e B]Za]l \]j =mf\]kj]hmZdac ?]mlk[‘dYf\( ae =mf\]kdYf\H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf( da]_l* ?]j =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf akl _]e|{ <jlac]d -/ <ZkYlr 2 @B)RMMGZak @f\] .,,5 Ym^rmkl]dd]f* @j oaj\ ^~j \a] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f] Ydk KdYf _]e|{ <jl*-1 @B)RMMG fY[‘ \]f Bjmf\k|lr]f \]k <f‘Yf_k QDD @B)RMMG Ym^_]kl]ddl*

?]j =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf Z]jm‘l Ym^ \]f Bjmf\k|lr]f \]j £B]e]afkYe]f Pek]lrmf_kkljYl]_a]\]j Hal_da]\kklYYl]f mf\ \]j Fgeeakkagf¢ $>DN%( afkZ]kgf\]j] \]j \gjl ]jYjZ]al]l]f Q]j^Y‘j]fkYf)d]almf_]f $:_TOLXNP 7YN_WPX^]#( kgoa] \]j \mj[‘ \]f =mf\ mf\ =mf\]kd|f\]j _]ljg^^]f]f M]_])dmf_]f \]j G|f\]jYjZ]alk_]e]afk[‘Y^l RYkk]j $G<R<%*

?]j =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf oaj\ _]e|{ s -/,Y <Zk* - GRYB ae <elkZdYll ^~j H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf n]j}^^]flda[‘l* Hal \]j Q]j}^^]flda[‘mf_ akl ]j ^~j Ydd] =]‘}j\]f Ydk KdYfmf_kafkljm)e]fl n]jZaf\da[‘*

?a] }^^]flda[‘] <f‘}jmf_ \]k KdYf]flomj^k mf\ \a] }^^]flda[‘] =]cYffleY[‘mf_ \]k KdYfk kaf\Ym[‘ ]af] Agje \]j Df^gjeYlagf \]j y^^]flda[‘c]al*

Df \]e =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf ^~j \a] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f] o]j\]f _]e|{ <f‘Yf_QDD @B)RMMG fY[‘ \a]k]e ]afd]al]f\]f O]ad ^gd_]f\] o]k]flda[‘] Df‘Ydl] Ymk^~‘jda[‘ \Yj_]kl]ddl6

· <dd_]e]af] =]k[‘j]aZmf_ \]j H]jceYd] \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al(

· UmkYee]f^Ykkmf_ \]j ka_fa^acYfl]f =]dYklmf_]f mf\ Yfl‘jghg_]f]f @afoajcmf_]f Ym^\]f UmklYf\ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j mf\ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk(

· @jealldmf_ mf\ FYjla]jmf_ \]j N[‘mlr_]Za]l](

2

· ?Yjkl]ddmf_ \]j zZ]joY[‘mf_kf]lr] mf\ \]j @j_]Zfakk] \]j zZ]joY[‘mf_(

· Gakl] \]j Peo]dlra]d](

· UmkYee]f^Ykkmf_ \]j oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f <fYdqk] \]k RYkk]j_]ZjYm[‘k(

· UmkYee]f^Ykkmf_ \]k HY{fY‘e]hjg_jYeek ^~j \a] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f](

· Q]jr]a[‘fak ]loYa_]j \]lYadda]jl]j]j Kjg_jYee] mf\ =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khd|f] ^~j @afrm_k_])Za]l](

· UmkYee]f^Ykkmf_ \]j Df^gjeYlagf]f mf\ <f‘}jmf_ \]j y^^]flda[‘c]al mf\ \]j]f @j_]Z)fakk] mf\ \YjYm^ rmj~[c_]‘]f\] KdYf|f\]jmf_]f(

· Umkl|f\a_] =]‘}j\]f mf\ <fdYm^kl]dd]f ^~j =]k[‘Y^^mf_ ngf Cafl]j_jmf\\gcme]fl]f mf\¡af^gjeYlagf]f*

?a] ]afd]al]f\]f FYhal]d \]k =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfk ~Z]jf]‘e]f \a] af \]e =]ja[‘l fY[‘ <jlac]d 1@B)RMMG \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] $=]klYf\kYm^fY‘e]% Z]j]alk ]fl‘Ydl]f]f Df^gjeYlagf]f rm \]eKdYfmf_k_]Za]l* Rg e}_da[‘ o]j\]f \a] Agjemda]jmf_]f _]c~jrl mf\ UY‘d]fYf_YZ]f YclmYdaka]jl *

A~j o]al]j_]‘]f\] Df^gjeYlagf]f rm \]f zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg_jYee]f oaj\ Ym{]j\]e Ym^ \]f=]ja[‘l fY[‘ <jlac]d 4 n]joa]k]f*

4PP& <%)6 7PNUMVL^^ 5P\TNS^ 5P]^LXO]L_QXLSWP ?HA: *((-

4PP& <%*6 7PNUMVL^^ hMP\aLNS_XR]MP\TNS^

3

=]a\] ?gcme]fl] kaf\ Ym^ ^gd_]f\]j R]Zk]al] n]j^~_ZYj6 ‘llh6++ooo*ojjd)en*\]

4PP& <%+6 4XQLXR]]PT^P <X^P\XP^L_Q^\T^^ JL]]P\\LSWPX\TNS V̂TXTP @%I

@af] oa[‘la_] Mgdd] af \]j RYkk]joajlk[‘Y^lkhdYfmf_ o]j\]f c~f^la_ \Yk Cg[‘oYkk]jjakacgeYfY)_]e]fl mf\ \a] Agd_]f \]k FdaeYoYf\]dk kgoa] \]j N[‘mlr \]j H]]j]kmeo]dl kha]d]f*

?a] Ma[‘ldafa] .,,3+2,+@B \]k @mjgh|ak[‘]f KYjdYe]flk mf\ \]k MYl]k ~Z]j \a] =]o]jlmf_ mf\ \YkHYfY_]e]fl ngf Cg[‘oYkk]jjakac]f $@B)CRMG% akl Ye .2*--*.,,3 af FjY^l _]lj]l]f*Hal \a]k]j Ma[‘ldafa] ‘Yl ka[‘ \a] RYkk]jhgdalac \]j @mjgh|ak[‘]f B]e]afk[‘Y^l af @j_|frmf_ rmj@B)RMMG \a] <m^_YZ] _]kl]ddl( mfl]j \]j =]j~[cka[‘la_mf_ \]j R][‘k]doajcmf_]f \]k Cg[‘oYk)k]jk[‘mlr]k eal \]j ycgdg_a] mf\ \]j ycgfgea] kgoa] \]j =]j~[cka[‘la_mf_ e}_da[‘]j Agd_]f]af]j FdaeY|f\]jmf_ ]af]f oYkk]joajlk[‘Y^lda[‘ _]k[‘dgkk]f]f H]l‘g\]f) mf\ KdYfmf_kjYme rm]floa[c]df* ?mj[‘ \a] ^Y[‘da[‘] Q]jcf~h^mf_ \]j @B)CRHMG eal \]j @B)RMMG kgdd]f af‘Ydlda[‘ mf\gj_YfakYlgjak[‘ Nqf]j_a]f _]fmlrl o]j\]f( \a] ka[‘ afk_]kYel Ym[‘ ngjl]ad‘Y^l Ym^ \a] @jj]a[‘mf_\]j meo]dlhgdalak[‘]f Ua]d] Ymkoajc]f* Ua]d akl \a] afl]_jYlan] Pek]lrmf_ ]af]k ngjZ]m_]f\]fCg[‘oYkk]jk[‘mlr]k af \]f Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al]f*

Df \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] o]j\]f Z]a oYkk]joajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f Fgfr]hl]f mf\ KdYfmf_]f j]_]de|){a_ Ym[‘ \]j]f <mkoajcmf_]f Ym^ <kh]cl] \]k Cg[‘oYkk]j) mf\ Nlmje^dmlk[‘mlr]k Z]ljY[‘l]l( ka]^af\]f Z]a \]j <m^kl]ddmf_ \]k =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfk _jmf\k|lrda[‘ =]Y[‘lmf_*

=]a \]j @afZ]ra]‘mf_ ngf e}_da[‘]f Agd_]f \]k FdaeYoYf\]dk af \]f <m^kl]ddmf_k) mf\ Pek]l)rmf_khjgr]kk \]k =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfk Z]kl]‘l \a] ngjjYf_a_] <m^_YZ] \Yjaf( c~f^la_] Q]j|f\])jmf_]f \]k RYkk]j‘Ymk‘Ydlk Ydk Agd_] ngf e}_da[‘]f FdaeYn]j|f\]jmf_]f Ym^rmr]a_]f mf\ \]fRYkk]joajlk[‘Y^lkn]joYdlmf_]f Cafo]ak] ~Z]j \Yeal n]jZmf\]f] <mkoajcmf_]f Ym^ \a] imYflalY)lan]f mf\ imYdalYlan]f _]o|kk]jcmf\da[‘]f Bjmf\dY_]f rm _]Z]f kgoa] fY[‘‘Ydla_] CYf\dmf_k)kljYl]_a]f ^~j \a] Pek]lrmf_ ae Naff] \]k Qgjkgj_]hjafrahk rm ]floa[c]df* ?a]k] <m^_YZ] cYfffmj af ]af]e eall]d) Zak d|f_]j^jakla_]f Kjg_jYee _]hdYfl mf\ me_]k]lrl o]j\]f* ?a] ]afr]df]f<jZ]alk) mf\ Pfl]jkm[‘mf_khjgb]cl] e~kk]f \YZ]a ^Y[‘da[‘ Ym^]afYf\]j YZ_]klaeel mf\ af a‘j]eB]kYelrmkYee]f‘Yf_ \Yj_]kl]ddl k]af*

?a] Ma[‘ldafa] .,,4+12+@B \]k @mjgh|ak[‘]f KYjdYe]flk mf\ \]k MYl]k rmj N[‘Y^^mf_ ]af]k Jj\)fmf_kjY‘e]fk ^~j HY{fY‘e]f \]j B]e]afk[‘Y^l ae =]j]a[‘ \]j H]]j]kmeo]dl $H]]j]kkljYl]_a])MY‘e]fja[‘ldafa]% akl Ye -3*,2*.,,4 af FjY^l _]lj]l]f* ?Yeal ‘Yl \a] @mjgh|ak[‘] B]e]afk[‘Y^l]af]f MY‘e]f _]k[‘Y^^]f( aff]j‘YdZ \]kk]f \a] Hal_da]\kklYYl]f \a] fglo]f\a_]f HY{fY‘e]f]j_j]a^]f( me Zak rme EY‘j .,., ]af]f _ml]f UmklYf\ Ym[‘ \]j H]]j]kmeo]dl rm ]jj]a[‘]f g\]j rm]j‘Ydl]f* ?mj[‘ \a] =]j~[cka[‘la_mf_ ngf H]]j]kk[‘mlrYkh]cl]f ^af\]l Z]a \]j <m^kl]ddmf_ \]k=]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfk ]af] ^Y[‘da[‘] Q]jcf~h^mf_ ngf @B)RMMG mf\ H]]j]kkljYl]_a])MY‘e]fja[‘ldafa] klYll*

4

<< 5SeW‘baQVOTbc\Ua^ZO\

<<&) 4ZZUS[SW\S 5SaQV‘SWPc\U RS‘ 9ZcaaUSPWSbaSW\VSWbJO‘\]e’CSS\S

DD*-*- B]g_jYh‘ak[‘] <mk\]‘fmf_ mf\ Ydd_]e]af] <f_YZ]fDD*-*. Cq\jg_jYh‘ak[‘] mf\ ‘q\jgdg_ak[‘] =]k[‘j]aZmf_DD*-*/ JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jDD*-*/*- GY_] mf\ Bj]fr]f \]j RYkk]jc}jh]jDD*-*/*. ycgj]_agf]f mf\ JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]jlqh]fDD*-*0 Bjmf\oYkk]j

<<&)&) :S]U‘O^VWaQVS 4caRSV\c\U c\R OZZUS[SW\S 4\UOPS\

?a] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f] k]lrl ka[‘ _]e|{ <jlac]d / <ZkYlr - NYlr . @B)RMMG Ymke]‘j]j]f Z]fY[‘ZYjl]f @afrm_k_]Za]l]f rmkYee]f( \]j]f <Z^dmkk mfeall]dZYj af \a] Jklk]] _])dYf_l* Umj Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al _]‘}j]f \a] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j \]j Jklk]] roak[‘]f \]f Yf_j]fr]f)\]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al N[‘d]a+OjYn] ae R]kl]f mf\ \]j \]mlk[‘)hgdfak[‘]fNlYYlk_j]fr] ae Jkl]f7 k]]o|jla_ j]a[‘]f \a] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j Zak ]af] N]]e]ad] k]]o|jlk \]j =Ykak)dafa] Zro* ‘afka[‘lda[‘ \]k [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\]k Zak rmj \]mlk[‘]f Cg‘]alk_j]fr]* Ia[‘l rmj Admkk)_]Za]lk]af‘]al _]‘}j]f \Yk F~kl]f_]o|kk]j Nl]llaf]j CY^^ mf\ \a] \gjl‘af ]flo|kk]jf\]f @af)rm_k_]Za]l]* ?]f IYe]f _]Z]f \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al \a] Z]a\]f _j}{l]f \]j af a‘j rmkYee]f)_]^Ykkl]f @afrm_k_]Za]l]( \a] @afrm_k_]Za]l] \]j Ad~kk] RYjfgo mf\ K]]f]*

?a] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al Z]kl]‘l Ymk afk_]kYel .0 @afrm_k_]Za]l]f ae Naff] \]k <jlac]dk . Imee]j-0 @B)RMMG eal ]af]j Ad|[‘] ngf eaf\]kl]fk -, ceu*

4PP& <<&)%)6 :PYR\LZST]NSP 4_]OPSX_XR OP\ 9V_]]RPMTP^]PTXSPT^ JL\XYa’CPPXP "]TPSP L_NS 9L\MLMMTVO_XRLW 4XQLXR OP] CVLX]#

5

?]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al rm_]gj\f]l kaf\ \a] @afrm_k_]Za]l] Ym^ \]f \]j F~kl] roak[‘]f \]j G~Z])[c]j =m[‘l $Bj]fr] rmj Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al N[‘d]a+OjYn]% mf\ \]e Nl]llaf]j CY^^ $Bj]fr] rmj Admkk)_]Za]lk]af‘]al J\]j% ngj_]dY_]jl]f Dfk]df( \Yjmfl]j \a] _j}{l] \]mlk[‘] Dfk]d( M~_]f( kgoa] \]jfgj\o]klda[‘] O]ad Pk]\gek*

Jj_YfakYlgjak[‘ akl \a] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al af na]j =]YjZ]almf_k_]Za]l]( Ym[‘ Ydk KdYfmf_k]af‘]al]fZ]r]a[‘f]l( mfl]jl]adl6 RYjfgo( K]]f]( F~kl]f_]Za]l R]kl mf\ F~kl]f_]Za]l Jkl*

?a] _]g_jYh‘ak[‘] <mk\]‘fmf_ \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al akl Ymk 4PPWZRc\U <<&)%) mf\ >O‘bS ) $FYj)l]fYf‘Yf_% ]jka[‘lda[‘* ?a]k] _aZl Ym{]j\]e ]af]f zZ]jZda[c ~Z]j \a] @afrm_k_]Za]l] mf\ \a] <Z)_j]frmf_ \]j KdYfmf_k]af‘]al]f* @af] UmkYee]fkl]ddmf_ Ydd_]e]af]j <f_YZ]f rmj Admkk_]Za]lk)]af‘]al ]fl‘|dl GOPSZZS <<&)%)*

?a] Jklk]]c~kl] ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ \]j =g\\]fc~kl]f kgoa] \]j P^]j \]j Dfk]df ‘Yl ]af] G|f_] ngf-*453 ce* ?a] _j}{l]f Dfk]df \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f] kaf\ \a] Dfk]df M~_]f eal500 ceu mf\ Pk]\ge eal /-, ceu $Ad|[‘] \]k fgj\o]klda[‘]f O]adk ngf Pk]\ge( \]j }klda[‘] O]ad_]‘}jl rmj Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al J\]j%* De =]j]a[‘ \]k F~kl]f_]o|kk]jk da]_]f Y[‘l _j}{]j] =g\)\]f_]o|kk]j eal ]af]j B]kYelYmk\]‘fmf_ ngf jmf\ -*0,, ceu mf\ ]af]j ealld]j]f Oa]^] roak[‘]f/ mf\ 0 e* ?Yk _j}{l] =g\\]f_]o|kk]j akl \]j Bj]a^koYd\]j =g\\]f eal ]af]j Ad|[‘] ngf jmf\ 1-,ceu*

?a] Ad|[‘]ffmlrmf_ Ym^ \]j GYf\^d|[‘] \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al akl rm 31 " dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘ Ymk)_]ja[‘l]l* ?]j <fl]ad \]j RYd\^d|[‘]f eY[‘l -4 " Ymk*

?a] ealld]j] =]n}dc]jmf_k\a[‘l] af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al da]_l Z]a 42 @afog‘f]j b] LmY\jYlcadg)e]l]j*

R]al]j] ?]lYadk rmj B]g_jYh‘a] \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al ]fl‘|dl \]j =]ja[‘l fY[‘ <jlac]d 1 mf\ 2 @B)RMMG( ae Agd_]f\]f cmjr =]klYf\Ym^fY‘e] _]fYffl $GPIB .,,1%*

GOPSZZS <<&)%)6 4VVRPWPTXP 4XRLMPX d_\ 9V_]]RPMTP^]PTXSPT^ JL\XYa’CPPXP

IYe] \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al JO‘\]e’CSS\S

B]kYel^d|[‘] .-*.2. ceuGYf\^d|[‘] -/*201 ce.

F~kl]f_]o|kk]j^d|[‘]af \]j @af)N]]e]ad]f)Ugf]

3*2-3 ce.

Z]\]ml]f\] Ada]{_]o|kk]j RYjfgo( K]]f]( Had\]falr(I]Z]d( M][cfalr( Ogdd]fk]( Oj]Z]d

Z]\]ml]f\] NlYf\_]o|kk]j Fmee]jgo]j N]]( Ogdd]fk]k]](FjYcgo]j N]]( HYd[‘af]j N]]

F~kl]f_]o|kk]j Jklk]] eal =g\\]f_]o|kk]jf

ealld]j]j b|‘jda[‘]j Ia]\]jk[‘dY_ $mfcgjja_a]jl% 15- eeealld]j] b|‘jda[‘] hgl]fra]dd] Q]j\mfklmf_$C<?%

1.1 ) 131 ee

Z]ZYml] Ad|[‘] 2.1 ce.

dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] Ad|[‘] -,*.,0 ce.

R|d\]j mf\ fYlmjfY‘] Ad|[‘]f .*0.1 ceuA]m[‘l^d|[‘]f -,, ceu

@afog‘f]j $.,,3% [Y* -(-3 Haddagf]fZ]\]ml]f\] Nl|\l]$@afog‘f]j .,,3%

Mgklg[c $.,,*0,, @%I]mZjYf\]fZmj_ $22*3,, @%

NljYdkmf\ $14*,,, @%Bj]a^koYd\ $1/*4,, @%

RakeYj $01*,,, @%

6

<<&)&* ;gR‘]U‘O^VWaQVS c\R VgR‘]Z]UWaQVS 5SaQV‘SWPc\U

K]]f] mf\ RYjfgo \][c]f eal a‘j]f @afrm_k_]Za]l]f [Y* 2, " \]j GYf\^d|[‘] \]j Admkk_]Za]lk)]af‘]al YZ* <dk _j}{]j]k Ada]{_]o|kk]j akl Ym[‘ \a] M][cfalr $<@g 9 225 ceu% ]jo|‘f]fko]jl* <f)kgfkl]f Z]klaee]f eall]d_jg{] $r* =* =Yjl‘] mf\ C]ddZY[‘% mf\ ]af] Qa]drY‘d cd]af]j F~kl]frm^d~k)k] \Yk ‘q\jgdg_ak[‘] B]k[‘]‘]f af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al*

Hal ]af]j @afrm_k_]Za]lk^d|[‘] ngf 1*-.3 ceu akl \a] CSS\S Ydk _j}{l]k Ada]{_]o|kk]j H][cd]f)Zmj_)Qgjhgee]jfk rm_d]a[‘ \Yk _j}{l] Ada]{_]o|kk]jkqkl]e \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al* R]kl)( Jkl)mf\ Fd]af] K]]f] Zad\]f \a] CYmhlim]dd_]o|kk]j* zZ]j \]f ]loY 5 ce dYf_]f mf\ . ce Zj]al]fHYd[‘af]j N]] mf\ \]f jmf\ -, ce mfl]j‘YdZ da]_]f\]f ]loY -- ce dYf_]f mf\ Zak 0 ce Zj]al]fFmee]jgo]j N]] o]j\]f ka] mf\ o]al]j] I]Z]f_]o|kk]j rmj K]]f] rmkYee]f_]^~‘jl*=]a ?]eeaf( jmf\ -0 ce mfl]j‘YdZ \]k Fmee]jgo]j N]]k( e~f\]f \a] Z]a\]f _j}{l]f I]Z]f)^d~kk] af \a] K]]f] ]af6 \a] Ymk \]e k~\da[‘]f MYme cgee]f\] Ogdd]fk] mf\ Ymk \]e f}j\da[‘]fMYme \a] Oj]Z]d*

· ?a] Ogdd]fk] Z]kalrl ]af @afrm_k_]Za]l ngf -*4.5 ceu mf\ lj|_l \a]k]f IYe]f YZ <mkdYm^ Ymk \]e Ogdd]fk]k]](Yf \]e \a] NlY\l I]mZjYf\]fZmj_ da]_l* Na] ^da]{l ~Z]j ]loY 3, ce \mj[‘ dYf__]rg_]f] OYdYm]f n]jk[‘a]\]f]j=j]al] rmf|[‘kl af f}j\da[‘]j( \Yff af fgj\o]klda[‘]j Ma[‘lmf_ Zak ‘af rmj K]]f]*

· ?a] Oj]Z]d me^Ykkl ]af @afrm_k_]Za]l ngf 512 ceu* D‘j] Lm]ddZ|[‘]( \a] Kg__]f\gj^]j mf\ \a] Fjgf‘gjkl]j Oj])Z]d( n]j]afa_]f ka[‘ Z]a \]j NlY\l Bjaee]f mf\ fY[‘ rmf|[‘kl o]klda[‘]e Q]jdYm^ cfa[cl \a] Oj]Z]d fY[‘ N~\]f‘af YZ mf\ ^~‘jl \Yff \mj[‘ \Yk hgee]jk[‘] Bj]frlYd Z]a afk_]kYel ]loY 3, ce GYm^d|f_] $YZ Bjaee]f% Zakrmj H~f\mf_ af ?]eeaf*

?YfY[‘ ^da]{l \a] K]]f] rmf|[‘kl af fgj\}klda[‘]j Ma[‘lmf_ Zak af C}‘] \]j NlY\l Ggalr( k[‘o]fcl\Yff mf_]^|‘j Ym^ Jkl mf\ ^da]{l \mj[‘ \Yk Zj]al]( o]a[‘k]dcYdlr]alda[‘] PjkljgelYd eal k]af]fe|[‘la_]f Hggjc}jh]jf af Ma[‘lmf_ H~f\mf_ af \]f K]]f]kljge( ]af]e F~kl]f_]o|kk]j( \Yk eal\]j Jklk]] af \aj]cl]j Q]jZaf\mf_ kl]‘l* ?a] B]o|kk]jZj]al] ]floa[c]dl ka[‘ ngf .1 Zak /, H]l]jmfl]j‘YdZ \]k Fmee]jgo]j N]]k Zak ]loY ?]eeaf Ym^ fY[‘^gd_]f\] 1, Zak 4, H]l]j mf\ ]jj]a[‘lmfl]j‘YdZ <fcdYe k[‘da]{da[‘ me \a] -,, H]l]j*

@af >‘YjYcl]jaklacme \]j K]]f] akl \Yk Ym{]jgj\]flda[‘ fa]\ja_] RYkk]jkha]_]d_]^|dd] ae ealld]j]fmf\ mfl]j]f O]ad( ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ Oj]Z]d mf\ Ogdd]fk]* Uoak[‘]f \]f K]_]df <YdZm\] Ye <mkdYm^ \]kFmee]jgo]j N]]k mf\ \]e K]_]d <fcdYe cmjr ngj \]j H~f\mf_ af \]f K]]f]kljge Z]kl]‘l Ym^]af]j GYm^d|f_] ngf 3, ce ]af] ealld]j] RYkk]jklYf\k\a^^]j]fr Z]a Hall]doYkk]j ngf d]\a_da[‘/ ee+ce* I]Z]f ]af]e ae Ydd_]e]af]f k]‘j lj|_]f Ada]{n]j‘Ydl]f ^~‘jl \Yk \Yrm( \Ykk ka[‘( n]jmj)kY[‘l rme =]akha]d \mj[‘ ]j‘}‘l] RYkk]jkl|f\] af \]j Jklk]]+ae K]]f]kljge( \a] Ada]{ja[‘lmf_ af\]j K]]f] mec]‘j]f cYff( RYkk]j Ydkg ^dmkkYm^o|jlk _]\j~[cl oaj\*

?]j ealld]j] <Z^dmkk \]j K]]f] Ye K]_]d <fcdYe $<@g 9 1*,-. ceu( M]a‘] -52- ) .,,3( l]ado]ak] Z])j][‘f]l% Z]lj|_l .-(5 ev+k( \Yk ]flkhja[‘l ]af]j ealld]j]f <Z^dmkkkh]f\] ngf 0(/ d+$k×ceu%* <e K]_]dFd]eh]fgo+Ogdd]fk] $<@g 9 -*0/. ceu( .3 ce gZ]j‘YdZ \]j H~f\mf_% da]_l \]j ealld]j] <Z^dmkk ^~j\]f U]aljYme -511 ) .,,3 Z]a 2(-4 ev+k( oYk ]af]j Nh]f\] ngf ]Z]f^Yddk 0(/ d+$k×ceu% ]flkhja[‘l*

@loY /, ce k~\}klda[‘ ngf N[‘o]jaf Z]^af\]l ka[‘ Z]a \]j Jjlk[‘Y^l Bj]ZZaf \Yk Lm]dd_]Za]l \]jJO‘\]e& Na] ^da]{l rmf|[‘kl af ]af]e fY[‘ R]kl]f g^^]f]f =g_]f \mj[‘ ]af] Ra]k]f) mf\ Ogj^)fa]\]jmf_( e~f\]l fY[‘ ]loY .1 ce GYm^d|f_] af \]f =Yjfaf]j N]] mf\ n]jd|kkl \a]k]f af o]klda)[‘]j Ma[‘lmf_* 1 ce }klda[‘ nge N~\m^]j \]k N[‘o]jaf]j N]]k ]fl^]jfl k[‘o]fcl ka] af f}j\da[‘]Ma[‘lmf_( me kg\Yff fY[‘ ]loY 3 ce af \a] fgj\}klda[‘] CYmhlja[‘lmf_( \a] ka] Zak rmj H~f\mf_^~‘jl( ]afrmlj]l]f* Had\]falr mf\ I]Z]d kaf\ a‘j] Z]\]ml]f\kl]f I]Z]f_]o|kk]j*

· ?a] Had\]falr ‘Yl a‘j Lm]dd_]Za]l Z]a UYj[‘daf( o]klda[‘ \]k KdYm]j N]]k* <m^ a‘j]e 2. ce dYf_]f R]_ rmj H~f)\mf_ af \a] RYjfgo hYkka]jl ka] ]af k]]fj]a[‘]k B]Za]l( af \]e \a] Z]cYffl]kl]f N]]f \]j ?Ye]jgo]j( \]jBgd\Z]j_]j( \]j ?gZZ]jlaf]j mf\ \]j Nl]jfZ]j_]j N]] kaf\* ?]j ealld]j] EY‘j]kYZ^dmkk \]j Had\]falr Z]lj|_l YeK]_]d Nl]jfZ]j_]j =mj_ /(// ev+k $<@g 9 1./ ceu( M]a‘] -511).,,3%( \Yk ]flkhja[‘l ]af]j <Z^dmkkkh]f\] ngf2(0 d+$k×ceu%*

7

· ?a] I]Z]d Z]kalrl ]af @afrm_k_]Za]l ngf 554 ceu( a‘j Lm]ddZ]j]a[‘ akl \]j HYdcoalr]j N]] eal k]af]f Umd|m^]f*?]j FjYcgo]j N]] akl eal ^Ykl -2 ceu N]]^d|[‘] \]j _j}{l] N]] fa[‘l fmj ae I]Z]d) kgf\]jf ae _]kYel]f RYj)fgo]afrm_k_]Za]l* Df a‘j]e gZ]j]f =]j]a[‘ ]j‘|dl \a] I]Z]d mfl]jaj\ak[‘]f Umkljge Ymk \]e B]Za]l \]j H][c)d]fZmj_]j JZ]jk]]f( Ye K]_]d ?gZZaf $<@g 9 13 ceu% Z]lj|_l af^gd_]\]kk]f \a] ealld]j] <Z^dmkkkh]f\] ‘g‘]5(/ d+$k×ceu%* Cafl]j B~kljgo ro]a_l ngf \]j I]Z]d \]j =~lrgo)B~kljgo)FYfYd YZ( \]j hYjYdd]d rmj $<dl]f% I]Z]dZak cmjr ngj \a] NlY\l =~lrgo n]jd|m^l mf\ ka[‘ \gjl oa]\]j eal a‘j n]j]afa_l* <e K]_]d B~kljgo $<@g 9 22- ceu%Z]lj|_l \]j ealld]j] <Z^dmkk /(31 ev+k $M]a‘] -52-).,,3%( oYk ]af]j <Z^dmkkkh]f\] ngf 1(3 d+$k×ceu% ]flkhja[‘l*

<m^ \]e 0/ ce dYf_]f <Zk[‘fall roak[‘]f =~lrgo mf\ Mgklg[c $JZ]joYjfgo% akl \a] RYjfgo ]af|‘fda[‘ lj|_] \Y‘af^da]{]f\]k B]o|kk]j oa] \a] K]]f] af a‘j]e mfl]j]f O]ad* Na] \mj[‘^da]{l ~Z]j)oa]_]f\ ]af Zj]al]k( dYf__]rg_]f]k OYdeggj mf\ Z]kalrl ]Z]f^Yddk ]af Ym{]jgj\]flda[‘ fa]\ja_]kAda]{_]^|dd] $jmf\ 0 ee Ym^ - ce Z]a Hall]doYkk]j%* De B]_]fkYlr rmj K]]f] _]‘l ka] b]\g[‘ fa[‘l\aj]cl af \Yk ngj_]dY_]jl] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j ~Z]j( kgf\]jf emkk af Mgklg[c fg[‘ ]af R]‘j hYkka]j]f*?a]k]k H~‘d]f\Yeeo]‘j n]j‘af\]jl \mj[‘ ]flkhj][‘]f\] Nl]m]jmf_ Z]a ]j‘}‘l]f mf\ ‘g‘]f<m{]foYkk]jkl|f\]f ]af @af\jaf_]f \]k kYdr‘Ydla_]f Jklk]]oYkk]jk af \a] ^~j \a] }^^]flda[‘]OjafcoYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ _]fmlrl] RYjfgo*

=ak Mgklg[c)H~‘d]f\Yeeo]‘j ‘Yl ka[‘ \Yk @afrm_k_]Za]l \]j RYjfgo Zak Ym^ /*,.- ceu mf\ \a]GYm^d|f_] Ym^ -1. ce ]j‘}‘l* ?]j ealld]j] <Z^dmkk \]j M]a‘] -545 ) .,,3 da]_l cmjr gZ]j‘YdZ \]jH~f\mf_ Ye K]_]d Mgklg[c)B]afalrZj~[c] Z]a -2(2 ev+k mf\ ]flkhja[‘l ]af]j <Z^dmkkkh]f\] ngf1(1 d+$k×ceu%* <e H~‘d]f\Yeeo]‘j _]‘l \a] RYjfgo af \a] Pfl]joYjfgo ~Z]j* ?]j lqhak[‘] >‘Y)jYcl]j ]af]k Ada]{_]o|kk]jk akl ae =]j]a[‘ \]j Pfl]joYjfgo mf\ \]k =j]aldaf_k fa[‘l e]‘j ngj‘Yf)\]f* Ca]j Z]klaee]f \a] @a_]fk[‘Y^l]f ]af]k F~kl]f_]o|kk]jk eal k[‘f]dd o][‘k]df\]f RYkk]j)kl|f\]f mf\ Nlj}emf_]f \]f o]al]j]f <mkkljge \]k RYjfgooYkk]jk Zak af \a] Jklk]]*

?]j ealld]j] gZ]jaj\ak[‘] <Z^dmkk \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al $M]a‘] -545 ¡ .,,3% Z]lj|_l -/3 ee+Yg\]j -(43 Hj\* ev+Y*

GOPSZZS <<&)%* ^~‘jl _]o|kk]jcmf\da[‘] ?Yl]f ]afa_]j oa[‘la_]j K]_]d \]k K]]f]) mf\ RYjfgo)@afrm_k_]Za]lk Ym^*

GOP& <<&)%*6 ;cO\YVYRT]NSP ;L_Z^aP\^P OP\ 9:8 JL\XYa’CPPXP

K]_]d B]o|kk]j @afrm_k)_]Za]lk)

_j}{]

VceuW

<Z^dmkk)j]a‘]

IL$EY‘j%

Vev+kW

HIL

Vev+kW

HL

Vev+kW

HCL

Vev+kW

CL$EY‘j%

Vev+kW

Fd]eh]fgo Ogdd]fk] -*0/. -511).,,3 ,(22,$e]‘j^Y[‘%

-(4. 2(-4 -5(3 /1(5$-53,%

<fcdYe)NljY{]fZj~[c]&+&&

K]]f] 1*,-. -52-).,,3 )43(1$-552%

)05(3 .-(5 34(5 ./5$.,,.%

Bjg{ B}jfgo RYjfgo 34- -52,).,,3 ,(-5,$-535%

-(11 1(,- -.- -4(-$-540%

B~kljgo I]Z]d 22- -52-).,,3 ,(,/,$-525%

,(2/3 /(31 -.(. .-(,$-54/%

Nl]jfZ]j_]j =mj_ Had\]falr 1./ -511).,,3 ,(,-,$-53.%

,(551 /(// 2(3/ -,(5$-53,%

Mgklg[c¡B]afalrZj~[c]&&

RYjfgo /*,., -545).,,3 ,(---$.,,0%

-(,3 -2(2 2,(1 54(4$.,,3%

& ?]j K]_]d akl j~[cklYmZ]]af^dmkkl eal r]alo]ada_]j Pec]‘j \]j Ada]{ja[‘lmf_ $f]_Ylan] <Z^d~kk]%*& & R]jl] r* O* Z]j][‘f]l

8

<<&)&+ BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘

<<&)&+&) ?OUS c\R :‘S\hS\ RS‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘

?a] JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al o]j\]f \]f FYl]_gja]f Ad~kk] $Ada]{_]o|kk]j%(N]]f $NlYf\_]o|kk]j% mf\ F~kl]f_]o|kk]j rm_]gj\f]l* >O‘bS * $FYjl]fYf‘Yf_% _aZl ‘a]jrm ]af]zZ]jka[‘l* zZ]j_Yf_k_]o|kk]j o]j\]f fa[‘l Ymk_]oa]k]f* ?a] =g\\]f \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]algj\f]f ka[‘ \]j FYl]_gja] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j rm( \Y af a‘f]f ]af] oaf\_]lja]Z]f] Nlj}emf_k\qfY)eac ‘]jjk[‘l( oa] ka] ^~j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j lqhak[‘ akl* zZ]j_Yf_k_]o|kk]j ae Naff] \]k <jlac]dk .Imee]j 2 RMMG k]lr]f ]af] o]k]flda[‘] =]]af^dmkkmf_ \mj[‘ N~{oYkk]jklj}emf_]f ngjYmk*

A~j \a] <Z_j]frmf_ \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j af \]f JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jf \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al _]d)l]f ^gd_]f\] Fjal]ja]f6

RYkk]jc}jh]j_j]fr]f o]j\]f _]k]lrl Z]a6

· R][‘k]d \]j B]o|kk]jcYl]_gja] Ada]{_]o|kk]j ¡ NlYf\_]o|kk]j g\]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j ¡ F~k)l]f_]o|kk]j(

· R][‘k]d roak[‘]f ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl]f+c~fklda[‘]f mf\ fa[‘l ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]j)l]f+c~fklda[‘]f B]o|kk]jYZk[‘fall]f(

· R][‘k]d \]k B]o|kk]jlqhk(

· R][‘k]d roak[‘]f ]af]e _ml]f mf\ ]af]e fa[‘l _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f g\]j [‘]eak[‘]f Um)klYf\(

· m* P* Z]a o]k]flda[‘]f xf\]jmf_]f \]j B]o|kk]jegjh‘gdg_a]*

@af JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j ae Naff] \]j @B)RMMG akl ]af ]af‘]alda[‘]j mf\ Z]\]ml]f\]j <Z)k[‘fall ]af]k JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jk( r* =* ]af N]]( ]af Nh]a[‘]jZ][c]f( ]af Nljge( ]af Admkk( ]afkgfkla_]k Ada]{_]o|kk]j g\]j FYfYd( ]af O]ad ]af]k Admkk]k( ]af]k kgfkla_]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jk g\]jFYfYdk( ]af zZ]j_Yf_k_]o|kk]j g\]j ]af F~kl]f_]o|kk]j* ?a] RYkk]jc}jh]j Zad\]f \a] cd]afkl]=]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k]af‘]al ae JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j( Ym^ \a] ka[‘ \a] <mkkY_]f \]j =]klYf\kYm^fY‘)e]( \]j zZ]joY[‘mf_k) mf\ HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee] Z]ra]‘]f*

?a] JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j o]j\]f Ym^ =Ykak \]j FYl]_gjaka]jmf_ mf\ Oqhaka]jmf_ kg YZ_])_j]frl( \Ykk ]af]jk]alk a‘j UmklYf\ _]fYm Z]k[‘ja]Z]f mf\ eal \]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d]f \]j @B)RMMG n]j_da[‘]f o]j\]f cYff* <f\]j]jk]alk o]j\]f ^Y[‘da[‘ Z]_j~f\]l] <__j]_a]jmf_]f ngj_])fgee]f $af \]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jf%( me ]af]j Fd]afj|mea_c]al( eal \]j Agd_] ]af]j k]‘j ‘g‘]f <frY‘dngf RYkk]jc}jh]jf( rm Z]_]_f]f*

RYkk]jc}jh]j o]j\]f af Ada]{_]o|kk]jf eal @afrm_k_]Za]l]f ngf eaf\]kl]fk -, ceu mf\ afNlYf\_]o|kk]jf eal ]af]j RYkk]j^d|[‘] ngf eaf\]kl]fk ,(1 ceu kgoa] ae F~kl]f_]o|kk]j af \]j@af)N]]e]ad]f)Ugf] mf\ ae F~kl]f_]o|kk]j roak[‘]f \]j @af)N]]e]ad]f)Ugf] mf\ \]j Cg‘]alk)_j]fr] ^]kl_]d]_l* IY[‘ \]f _]fYffl]f Fjal]ja]f _]‘}j]f RYkk]jc}jh]j kl]lk rm fmj ]af]j B]o|k)k]jcYl]_gja] mf\ rm fmj ]af]e B]o|kk]jlqh* Na] kaf\ ]flo]\]j ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl+c~fklda[‘ g\]jfa[‘l ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl+c~fklda[‘ mf\ o]ak]f ]af]f ]af‘]alda[‘]f UmklYf\ Ym^*

Qgf \]f 132 RYkk]jc}jh]jf \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] kaf\ ]loY \a] C|d^l] $bb !$ KLSVPXLXRLMP aT\O*((1 P\RjXd^% Ydk c~fklda[‘ g\]j ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl Ymk_]oa]k]f "OL‘YX LV] UlX]^VTNS bb _XO LV]P\SPMVTNS ‘P\jXOP\^ bb$ KLSVPX aP\OPX *((1 P\RjXd^%*

9

GOPSZZS <<&)%+6 JL]]P\Uk\ZP\ OP\ 9V_]]RPMTP^]PTXSPT^ 9:8 JL\XYa’CPPXP

<frY‘d \]jB]o|kk]j

<frY‘d \]jRYkk]jc}jh]j

B]kYeld|f_] Zro*B]kYel^d|[‘]\]j B]o|kk]j

Ada]{_]o|kk]j $<@ ³ -, ceu% /4. 03/ 0*,0- ceNlYf\_]o|kk]j $Ad|[‘] ³ ,(1 ceu% 31 4/ .,/ ce.

F~kl]f_]o|kk]j $-)N]]e]ad]f)Ugf]% -5 .*40/ ce.

F~kl]f_]o|kk]j $-)N]]e]ad]f)Ugf] ZakCg‘]alk_j]fr]%

- 0*33/ ceu

9ZWSoUSepaaS‘

?a] Bj]fr]f \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]jc}jh]j o]j\]f Ymk \]e UmklYf\ \]j B]o|kk]j YZ_]d]al]l* <f CYf\ngf =]dYklmf_]f mf\ B~l]\Yl]f o]j\]f kg_* B~l]Z|f\]j ]fldYf_ \]j B]o|kk]jjgml]f ^~j \a]LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k ae \a_alYd]f B]o|kk]jf]lr Ymk_]Zad\]l( ogZ]a\]f B]o|kk]jf YZk[‘fallko]ak] \a] <f_YZ] rm_]gj\f]l oaj\( \Ykk \a] b]o]ada_] LmYdal|lkcgehg)f]fl] ]flo]\]j \]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f ]af]k _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k ]flkhja[‘l g\]j fa[‘l ]fl)khja[‘l $ka]‘] FYhal]d DD*0*-*.%* ?mj[‘ Q]jk[‘fall \]j B~l]Z|f\]j \]j LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f oaj\mfl]j Um_jmf\]d]_mf_ \]k K]kkaeakemkhjafrahk \Yk B~l]ZYf\ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\]k ]j)r]m_l* ?]j }cgdg_ak[‘] UmklYf\ oaj\ \YZ]a YZk[‘fallko]ak] af \a] ro]a FdYkk]f £eaf\]kl]fk _ml¢mf\ £fa[‘l _ml¢ \a^^]j]fra]jl* ?Yk B~l]ZYf\ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\]k oaj\ eal \]e Yf CYf\ngf =]dYklmf_]f mf\ B~l]\Yl]f Ymk_]Zad\]l]f B~l]ZYf\ \]k [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\]k n]jk[‘fal)l]f* ?a] ]flkl]‘]f\]f <Zk[‘fall] o]j\]f b]o]adk \mj[‘ \]f R][‘k]d ]flo]\]j \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]fg\]j \]k [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\]k ngf £$eaf\]kl]fk% _ml¢ rm £fa[‘l _ml¢ $Zro* me_]c]‘jl% Z]_j]frl*Q]jk[‘fall]f eal \]e =Yf\ \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]jlqh]f( ]j_]Z]f \a] <Zk[‘fall] \a] eY{_]Zda[‘]fAda]{_]o|kk]jc}jh]j*

"*((1 8\RjXd_XR PTXP] 4M]L^dP] d_W ^PTVaPT]PX AP_d_]NSXT^^ ‘YX 9VTPiRPaj]]P\Uk\ZP\X#

FbO\RUSepaaS‘

@af Qgj_]‘]f oa] Z]a Ada]{_]o|kk]jf akl Z]a \]j <Z_j]frmf_ ngf NlYf\_]o|kk]jc}jh]jf o]_]f\]k A]‘d]fk ]flkhj][‘]f\]j ?Yl]f fa[‘l e}_da[‘* Df \]j M]_]d da]_]f Ydk B~l]\Yl]f fmj \a]Ojgh‘a]( \a] ka[‘ Ym^ \Yk _Yfr] NlYf\_]o|kk]j Z]ra]‘l( mf\ \a] P^]jegjh‘gdg_a]( \a] rmj <Z_j]f)rmf_ ngf RYkk]jc}jh]jf fa[‘l _]]a_f]l akl( ngj* NlYf\_]o|kk]jc}jh]j o]j\]f \Y‘]j ^]kl_]d]_l(af\]e Yf CYf\ \]j Hgjh‘gdg_a] $=][c]fYmkZad\mf_( fYl~jda[‘] <Zk[‘f~jmf_% __^* _]kgf\]jl]N]]l]ad] Ydk ]a_]f] NlYf\_]o|kk]jc}jh]j Ymk_]oa]k]f o]j\]f* Df \]j M]_]d b]\g[‘ ]flkhja[‘l ]afNlYf\_]o|kk]j ]af]e NlYf\_]o|kk]jc}jh]j* B~l]\Yl]f ngf H]kkkl]dd]f( \a] ka[‘ af \]f kg _]Zad)\]l]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jc}jh]jf Z]^af\]f( o]j\]f Ydk j]hj|k]flYlan ^~j \]f _]kYel]f NlYf\_]o|k)k]jc}jh]j Yf_]fgee]f*

>rabS\USepaaS‘

@af Qgj_]‘]f oa] Z]a Ada]{_]o|kk]jf akl Z]a \]j <Z_j]frmf_ ngf F~kl]f_]o|kk]jc}jh]jf o]_]f\]k A]‘d]fk ]flkhj][‘]f\]j ?Yl]f af Ymkj]a[‘]f\]j ?a[‘l] fa[‘l e}_da[‘* Bjmf\d]_]f\ ^~j \a]<mko]akmf_ \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j akl \a] <Z_j]frmf_ \]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]jlqh]f fY[‘ \]e NYdr_]‘Ydlmf\ \]j @phgkalagf* B~l]\Yl]f ngf H]kkkl]dd]f( \a] ka[‘ af \]f fY[‘ Oqh]f YZ_]_j]frl]f F~kl]f)_]o|kk]jc}jh]jf Z]^af\]f( o]j\]f Ydk j]hj|k]flYlan ^~j \]f _]kYel]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]jc}jh]jYf_]fgee]f*

10

<<&)&+&* mY]‘SUW]\S\ c\R BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘bg^S\

?a] B]o|kk]jlqhaka]jmf_ akl \a] Bjmf\dY_] ^~j ]af] ka[‘ Yf fYlmjj|meda[‘]f B]_]Z]f‘]al]f gja]f)la]j]f\] =]o]jlmf_ mf\ =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_ \]j B]o|kk]j fY[‘ @B)RMMG* HY{klYZ \]j =]o]jlmf_mf\ =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_ akl f]Z]f Yf\]j]f F]ff_j}{]f _jmf\k|lrda[‘ \]j }cgdg_ak[‘] UmklYf\* ?a]@jealldmf_ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k _]e|{ @B)RMMG Z]jm‘l ae R]k]flda[‘ Ym^ Zagdg_ak[‘]f=]o]jlmf_kkqkl]e]f* =agdg_ak[‘] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f ^~j \a] =]o]jlmf_ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_])o|kk]j kaf\ _]e|{ <f‘Yf_ Q \]j @B)RMMG

· K‘qlghdYfclgf(

· HYcjgh‘ql]f $]afk[‘d* ?aYlge]]f% mf\ K‘qlgZ]fl‘gk(

· Bjg{Yd_]f mf\ <f_agkh]je]f(

· =]fl‘ak[‘] oajZ]ddgk] AYmfY mf\

· Aak[‘^YmfY*

?a] Oqhaka]jmf_ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al ^gd_l \]j _]e]afkYe ngf\]f \]mlk[‘]f =mf\]kd|f\]jf ]jYjZ]al]l]f Oqhgdg_a] \]j \]mlk[‘]f Ada]{)( NlYf\) mf\ F~kl]f)_]o|kk]j*

?mj[‘ \a] ^gjldYm^]f\] @afZ]ra]‘mf_ ngf Yclm]dd]f Pfl]jkm[‘mf_k]j_]Zfakk]f akl \a] Oqhaka]jmf_ae Q]j_d]a[‘ rmj =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] nYda\a]jl mf\ _]_]Z]f]f^Yddk Yf_]hYkkl ogj\]f*

Ada]{_]o|kk]j

?a] Oqhaka]jmf_ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j \]j FYl]_gja] Ad~kk] $Ada]{_]o|kk]j% ]j^gd_l _]e|{Nqkl]e = fY[‘ <f‘Yf_ DD Imee]j -*- af Q]jZaf\mf_ eal Imee]j -*.*- RMMG* ?]j Oqhaka]jmf_da]_]f \a] gZda_Ylgjak[‘]f AYclgj]f rmj GY_] $C}‘]fdY_]( _]g_jYh‘ak[‘] =j]al] mf\ _]g_jYh‘ak[‘]G|f_]( b]o]adk ]j^Ykkl ~Z]j \a] ycgj]_agf%( rmj B]gdg_a] mf\ rmj Bj}{] rm Bjmf\]* A]jf]j o]j\]f^~j \a] Oqhaka]jmf_ ^gd_]f\] ghlagfYd] AYclgj]f ‘]jYf_]rg_]f6 @fl^]jfmf_ ngf \]j Lm]dd] \]kAda]{_]o|kk]jk $]j^Ykkl ~Z]j \a] @afrm_k_]Za]lk_j}{]%( B]^|dd]( Nlj}emf_k]a_]fk[‘Y^l]f( <Z^dmkk)]a_]fk[‘Y^l]f( Agje mf\ B]klYdl \]k Ada]{_]o|kk]jZ]ll]k( UmkYee]fk]lrmf_ \]k NmZkljYlk mf\h‘qkacYdak[‘)[‘]eak[‘] @a_]fk[‘Y^l]f*

?a] fY[‘^gd_]f\]f Bj}{]fYf_YZ]f kaf\ Ydk Bj}{]f \]j @afrm_k_]Za]l] \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j rm n]j)kl]‘]f* ?Y ka[‘ \a] Zagdg_ak[‘] <mkhj|_mf_ \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j ae G|f_kn]jdYm^ fmj f|‘]jmf_ko]a)k] eal \]j xf\]jmf_ \]j Bj}{]fcdYkk] \]k @afrm_k_]Za]l]k |f\]jl( ‘YZ]f \a] <f_YZ]f( \a] \]fR]jl ngf -, ceu ~Z]jkl]a_]f( d]\a_da[‘ gja]fla]j]f\]f >‘YjYcl]j6

· cd]af $≥ -, Zak ]loY -,, ceu6 =Y[‘%

· eall]d_jg{ $]loY -,, Zak ]loY -*,,, ceu6 cd]af]j Admkk%

· _jg{ $]loY -*,,, Zak ]loY -,*,,, ceu6 _jg{]j Admkk%

· k]‘j _jg{ $: ]loY -,*,,, ceu6 Nljge%

Dfk_]kYel omj\]f ^~j \a] =mf\]kj]hmZdac ?]mlk[‘dYf\ .1 Ada]{_]o|kk]jlqh]f \]^afa]jl( ogZ]a rmj@j^Ykkmf_ \]j _]gdg_ak[‘]f mf\ _]g[‘]eak[‘]f Q]j‘|dlfakk] roak[‘]f cYjZgfYlak[‘( kadacYlak[‘mf\ gj_Yfak[‘ _]hj|_l]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jlqh]f mfl]jk[‘a]\]f omj\]*

Df \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] kaf\ \Yngf 4 Ada]{_]o|kk]jlqh]f n]jlj]l]f* ?a] Ada]{_]o|kk]j \]jAdmkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al kaf\ \]j ycgj]_agf -0 KPX^\LVP] 9VLNSVLXO$ 3 *(( W l& AA rm_]gj\f]l g\]j _])‘}j]f rm \]f }cgj]_agfmfYZ‘|f_a_]f Oqh]f -- B\RLXT]NS RPZ\jR^P 5jNSP g\]j -. B\RLXT]NS RP%Z\jR^P 9Vl]]P* ?]j }cgj]_agfmfYZ‘|f_a_] Oqh -5 >VPTXP ATPOP\_XR]QVTPiRPaj]]P\ TX 9V_]]% _XO F^\YW%

11

^jVP\X omj\] af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] fa[‘l Ymk_]oa]k]f( \Y ]j fY[‘ Zak‘]ja_]e F]fflfakklYf\fmj k]‘j cd]afj|mea_( \* ‘* Ym^ cmjr]f Nlj][c]f ngj @afe~f\mf_ af ]af _j}{]j]k Ada]{_]o|kk]j g\]j]af]f N]] Ym^ljall mf\ \Y‘]j c]af @a_]f]afrm_k_]Za]l ngf eaf\]kl]fk -, ceu ]jj]a[‘l* >‘YjYcl]jak)lak[‘ ^~j \a]k]f Oqh akl \a] ‘q\jgdg_ak[‘] zZ]jhj|_mf_ \mj[‘ \Yk a‘e ngj_]dY_]jl] B]o|kk]j* Df_]oakk]j R]ak] eal ]af]e Oqh -5)B]o|kk]j n]j_d]a[‘ZYj kaf\ \a] ^~j \a] Jklk]]c~kl] H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jfk [‘YjYcl]jaklak[‘]f Ada]{_]o|kk]j \]k Oqhk ./ $M~[cklYm) Zro* ZjY[coYkk]jZ]]af)^dmkkl] Jklk]]rm^d~kk]%( \a] ae fYl~jda[‘]f Jklk]]j~[cklYm da]_]f mf\ kgeal ngf \]j Jklk]] ‘q\jg)dg_ak[‘ ~Z]jhj|_l o]j\]f* Na] mfl]jk[‘]a\]f ka[‘ ngf Oqh -5)B]o|kk]jf \mj[‘ ]af nYjaYZd]j]k Bj}){]fkh]cljme $na]d] \a]k]j B]o|kk]j ‘YZ]f @afrm_k_]Za]l] :/,, ceu% mf\ \mj[‘ ]af]f e}_da[‘]f=jY[coYkk]j]af^dmkk( \]kk]f <mkhj|_mf_ ngf \]f b]o]ada_]f Rall]jmf_kn]j‘|dlfakk]f mf\ Jklk]])oYkk]jkl|f\]f YZ‘|f_l*

?a] af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ngjcgee]f\]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jlqh]f kaf\ af \]j GOPSZZS <<&)%, Ym^)_]dakl]l mf\ af >O‘bS + $FYjl]fYf‘Yf_% \Yj_]kl]ddl*

Df \]f UY‘d]fYf_YZ]f \]j OYZ]dd] kaf\ Ym[‘ \a] Ydk c~fklda[‘ g\]j ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl Ymk_]oa])k]f] Ada]{_]o|kk]j ]fl‘Ydl]f* Na] kaf\ \]e b]o]adk Ye ]‘]kl]f n]j_d]a[‘ZYj]f Oqh rm_]gj\f]l*

GOP& <<&)%,6 9VTPiRPaj]]P\^cZPX

ycgj]_agf hgl]fra]dd]j Ada]{)_]o|kk]jlqh

Oqh)Ij* <frY‘d \]jRYkk]jc}jh]j

<fl]ad Yf \]jB]kYel^da]{klj][c]&

V"Wgj_Yfak[‘ _]hj|_l]=|[‘]

-- -22 /0mfYZ‘|f_a_

gj_Yfak[‘ _]hj|_l]Ad~kk]

-. ., 2

kYf\_]hj|_l] Oa]^)dYf\Z|[‘]

-0 -., .3

kYf\) mf\ d]‘e_])hj|_l] Oa]^dYf\^d~k)k]

-1 1 -

ca]k_]hj|_l] Oa]^)dYf\Z|[‘]

-2 --, .-

ca]k_]hj|_l] Oa]^)dYf\^d~kk]

-3 2 -

k]]Ymk^dmkk_]hj|_l]Ada]{_]o|kk]j

.- -0 .

-0U]fljYd]k AdY[‘dYf\

j~[cklYm) g\]jZjY[coYkk]jZ]]af)^dmkkl] Jklk]]rm)^d~kk]

./ /. 4

& B]kYel^da]{klj][c] 0*,0- ce

NlYf\_]o|kk]j

?a] Oqhaka]jmf_ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j \]j FYl]_gja] N]]f $NlYf\_]o|kk]j% eal ]af]j Haf)\]kloYkk]j^d|[‘] ngf ,(1 ceu]j^gd_l fY[‘ Nqkl]e =( ]j_|frl \mj[‘ o]al]j] Fjal]ja]f fY[‘ Nqkl]e <_]e|{ <f‘Yf_ DD Imee]j -*- af Q]jZaf\mf_ eal <f‘Yf_ DD Imee]j -*.*. RMMG* ?]j Oqhaka]jmf_da]_]f \a] gZda_Ylgjak[‘]f AYclgj]f rmj GY_] $]j^Ykkl ~Z]j \a] ycgj]_agf%( rmj Bj}{] mf\ rmj B]g)dg_a] rm Bjmf\]* A]jf]j o]j\]f ^~j \a] Oqhaka]jmf_ f]Z]f \]e Q]j‘|dlfak ngf @afrm_k_]Za]lk^d|)[‘] $]afk[‘da]{da[‘ N]]^d|[‘]% rme N]]ngdme]f $Qgdme]fimgla]fl%( \a] N[‘a[‘lmf_k]a_]fk[‘Y^l]f\]k B]o|kk]jk mf\ \a] RYkk]j]jf]m]jmf_kr]al Ydk ghlagfYd] AYclgj]f \]k Nqkl]ek = ‘]jYf_]rg)_]f*

12

?a] NlYf\_]o|kk]j \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al gj\f]f ka[‘ fY[‘ <f‘Yf_ SD FYjl] < RMMG \]j ycgj])_agf -0 $U]fljYd]k AdY[‘dYf\% rm* Umj >‘YjYcl]jaka]jmf_ \]j _]gdg_ak[‘]f mf\ _]g[‘]eak[‘]f Q]j)‘|dlfakk] oaj\ ^~j ?]mlk[‘dYf\ roak[‘]f cYdcj]a[‘]f $>Yd[amecgfr]fljYlagf6 >Y.’ ³ -1 e_+d% mf\cYdcYje]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jf $>Y.’ 8 -1 e_+d% mfl]jk[‘a]\]f( ogZ]a d]lrl]j] af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf mf\ \Yeal af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al fa[‘l ngjcgee]f*

?]j Qgdme]fimgla]fl [‘YjYcl]jaka]jl \]f @af^dmkk \]k @afrm_k_]Za]l]k Ym^ \]f Nlg^^‘Ymk‘Ydl \]kNlYf\_]o|kk]jk( \]j ngf \]j I|‘jklg^^kalmYlagf mf\ ‘afka[‘lda[‘ \]j I|‘jklg^^Ymkfmlrmf_ ngf \]jN]]fZ][c]f_]klYdl _]hj|_l oaj\* @k oaj\ roak[‘]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jf eal j]dYlan _jg{]e mf\ ealj]dYlan cd]af]e @afrm_k_]Za]l mfl]jk[‘a]\]f* =]a NlYf\_]o|kk]jf eal j]dYlan _jg{]e @afrm_k_])Za]l Z]lj|_l \Yk Q]j‘|dlfak \]j Ad|[‘] \]k gZ]jaj\ak[‘]f @afrm_k_]Za]l]k ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ NlYf\_])o|kk]j^d|[‘] rme NlYf\_]o|kk]jngdme]f $Qgdme]fimgla]fl QL% e]‘j Ydk -(1 eu+ev7 Z]a NlYf\)_]o|kk]jf eal j]dYlan cd]af]e @afrm_k_]Za]l Z]lj|_l \]j Qgdme]fimgla]fl -(1 eu+ev mf\ o]fa_]j*

IY[‘ \]f N[‘a[‘lmf_k]a_]fk[‘Y^l]f l]adl eYf NlYf\_]o|kk]j af _]k[‘a[‘l]l mf\ mf_]k[‘a[‘l]l]af* @af NlYf\_]o|kk]j oaj\ Ydk _]k[‘a[‘l]l ]af_]klm^l( o]ff \a] l‘]jeak[‘] N[‘a[‘lmf_ ~Z]j \]jla]^kl]f Nl]dd] \]k NlYf\_]o|kk]jk eaf\]kl]fk \j]a HgfYl] klYZad Zd]aZl* A]jf]j akl Z]a mf_]k[‘a[‘)l]l]f N]]f eal j]dYlan _jg{]e @afrm_k_]Za]l rm mfl]jk[‘]a\]f roak[‘]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jf( \]j]fRYkk]j ]af] ealld]j] Q]jo]adr]al ngf e]‘j Ydk /, OY_]f Ym^o]akl( mf\ kgd[‘]f( \]j]f RYkk]j ]af]ealld]j] Q]jo]adr]al roak[‘]f \j]a mf\ /, OY_]f Ym^o]akl $£Admkkk]]f¢%* Ga]_l \a] ealld]j] Q]jo]ad)r]al \]k RYkk]jk mfl]j \j]a OY_]f( da]_l c]af JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j \]j FYl]_gja] NlYf\_]o|kk]j(kgf\]jf ]af JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j \]j FYl]_gja] Ada]{_]o|kk]j ngj*

?a] af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al ngjcgee]f\]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jlqh]f kaf\ GOPSZZS <<&)%- rm ]fl)f]‘e]f* ?a] l]jjalgjaYd] Q]jl]admf_ \]j N]]f YZ ,(1 ceu r]a_l 4PPWZRc\U <<&)%** Na] kaf\ Ym{]j\]eaf >O‘bS + $FYjl]fYf‘Yf_% \Yj_]kl]ddl*

?a] NlYf\_]o|kk]j af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al _]‘}j]f rm \]f cYdcj]a[‘]f B]o|kk]jf( \a] ^~j \a]ycgj]_agf -0 [‘YjYcl]jaklak[‘ kaf\* ?a] e]akl]f N]]f kaf\ \]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jlqh]f -- mf\ -,rm_]gj\f]l( kaf\ Ydkg ]flo]\]j mf_]k[‘a[‘l]l] g\]j _]k[‘a[‘l]l] cYdcj]a[‘] Oa]^dYf\k]]f ealj]dYlan _jg{]e @afrm_k_]Za]l*

?]j OYdkh]jj] AYjh]f( Z]a \]j ]k ka[‘ me ]af]f _]klYml]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jYZk[‘fall ‘Yf\]dl( oaj\ \]ja‘j Ye ]‘]kl]f n]j_d]a[‘ZYj]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jlqh -. rm_]gj\f]l* @Z]fkg oaj\ \]e Nh]a[‘]jKjg‘f( ]af]e c~fklda[‘ ]af_]klYml]f N]] akl( \]j Oqh -. rm_]gj\f]l*

GOP& <<&)%-6 F^LXORPaj]]P\^cZPX

ycgj]_agf >‘YjYcl]jaka]jmf_ Oqh)Ij* <frY‘d \]jRYkk]jc}j)

h]j

<fl]ad Yf \]jB]kYelYf)

rY‘dV"W

=]akha]d]

cYdcj]a[‘] Oa]^Yf\k]]f-

eal j]dYlan _jg{]e @af)rm_k_]Za]l.( _]k[‘a[‘l]l

-, .1 /,Ogdd]fk]k]](

?gZZ]jlaf]j N]]

cYdcj]a[‘] Oa]^dYf\k]]f-

eal j]dYlan _jg{]e @af)rm_k_]Za]l.( mf_]k[‘a[‘)l]l ( ealld]j] Q]jo]adr]al :/, OY_]

-- 00 1/

Fmee]jgo]j N]](HYd[‘af]j N]](=gj_oYddk]](

Bgd\Z]j_]j N]]

cYdcj]a[‘] Oa]^dYf\k]]f-

eal j]dYlan _jg{]e @af)rm_k_]Za]l.( mf_]k[‘a[‘)l]l( ealld]j] Q]jo]adr]alroak[‘]f / mf\ /, OY_]f

-. 5 --Nl]jfZ]j_]j N]](

=~lrgo]j N]](OYdkh]jj] AYjh]f

-0U]fljYd]kAdY[‘dYf\

cYdcj]a[‘] Oa]^dYf\k]]f-

eal j]dYlan cd]af]e @af)rm_k_]Za]l/( _]k[‘a[‘l]l

-/ 1 2Kaffgo]j N]](?j]oalr]j N]](

Rgk]jaf]j N]]( Cg^k]]

13

1 Kalziumkonzentration: Ca2+ ≥ 15 mg/l; 2 Volumenquotient > 1,5; 3 Volumenquotient ≤ 1,5

4PP& <<&)%*6 FPPX TX OP\ 9:8 JL\XYa’CPPXP LM ($- UWe 9VjNSP

F~kl]f_]o|kk]j

?a] Oqhaka]jmf_ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j \]j FYl]_gja] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j ]j^gd_l _]e|{ \]eNqkl]e = fY[‘ <f‘Yf_ DD Imee]j -*- af Q]jZaf\mf_ eal Imee]j -*.*0 RMMG* ?]j Oqhaka]jmf_da]_]f \a] gZda_Ylgjak[‘]f AYclgj]f rmj GY_] $_]g_jYh‘ak[‘] =j]al] mf\ _]g_jYh‘ak[‘] G|f_](b]o]adk ]j^Ykkl ~Z]j \a] ycgj]_agf%( rmj Oa]^] mf\ rme NYdr_]‘Ydl rm Bjmf\]* A]jf]j o]j\]f ^~j \a]Oqhaka]jmf_ ^gd_]f\] ghlagfYd] AYclgj]f ‘]jYf_]rg_]f6 R]dd]f]phgkalagf( ?mj[‘eak[‘mf_k]a_]f)k[‘Y^l]f( M~[c‘Ydl]\Ym]j+RYkk]jYmklYmk[‘ ae RYkk]jc}jh]j mf\ \mj[‘k[‘fallda[‘] NmZkljYlrm)kYee]fk]lrmf_* ?a] Oqhaka]jmf_ Z]k[‘j|fcl ka[‘ Ym^ \Yk ^~j \a] =]o]jlmf_ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f Um)klYf\]k \]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j j]d]nYfl] B]Za]l _]e|{ <jlac]d . Imee]j 3 @B)RMMG $-)ke)Ugf]%*

?a] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j _]e|{ <jlac]d . Imee]j 3 @B)RMMG gj\f]f ka[‘ fY[‘ <f‘Yf_ SD FYjl] =RMMG \]j ycgj]_agf 1 $Jklk]]% rm* Na] kaf\ \mj[‘ ]af] _]jaf_] RYkk]jla]^] ngf o]fa_]j Ydk /, e_]c]ffr]a[‘f]l*

IY[‘ \]e NYdr_]‘Ydl oaj\ roak[‘]f gda_g‘Ydaf]f $NYdr_]‘Ydl ,(1 ¡ 1 KNP% mf\ e]kg‘Ydaf]f $NYdr)_]‘Ydl 1 ¡-4 KNP% F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf mfl]jk[‘a]\]f*

IY[‘ \]e BjY\ \]j R]dd]f]phgkalagf l]adl eYf \a] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j Yf \]j \]mlk[‘]f Jklk]]c~kl]^]jf]j af aff]j] mf\ |m{]j] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j ]af* IY[‘ ]af]e _]e]afkYe]f Qgjk[‘dY_ \]j \]ml)k[‘]f F~kl]fd|f\]j o]j\]f \a] aff]j]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]j ]af‘]alda[‘ \]j B]o|kk]jcYl]_gja] F~k)l]f_]o|kk]j _]e|{ RMMG rm_]oa]k]f( o]ad af a‘f]f ]af] oaf\_]lja]Z]f] Nlj}emf_k\qfYeac~Z]joa]_l( oa] ka] fY[‘ RMMG ^~j \a]k] B]o|kk]jcYl]_gja] lqhak[‘ akl* Dff]j] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j kaf\_]c]ffr]a[‘f]l \mj[‘ ]af] _]jaf_] R]dd]f]phgkalagf mf\ \a] <mkZad\mf_ _]k[‘~lrl]j =m[‘l]f*xm{]j] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j o]ak]f ]af] e|{a_] Zak \]mlda[‘] R]dd]f]phgkalagf Ym^* Df \]f |m{]j]f

14

F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf ]j^gd_l rmk|lrda[‘ \a] Pfl]jk[‘]a\mf_ fY[‘ ?mj[‘eak[‘mf_k]a_]fk[‘Y^l]f ]fl)khj][‘]f\ \]e <m^lj]l]f g\]j A]‘d]f ]af]j kYakgfYd]f Nhjmf_k[‘a[‘l* xm{]j] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j ealkYakgfYd]j Nhjmf_k[‘a[‘l kaf\ af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al fa[‘l ngj‘Yf\]f*

?a] M~[c‘Ydl]\Ym]j oaj\ ~Z]j \]f RYkk]jYmklYmk[‘ Z]k[‘ja]Z]f( \]j Ydk £_]jaf_¢( £e|{a_ Zak _ml¢(£k]‘j _ml¢ g\]j YZ]j £kYakgfYd _]jaf_¢ cdYkka^ara]jl oaj\* @af] o]al]j] @afl]admf_ \]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j]j^gd_l ~Z]j \a] \mj[‘k[‘fallda[‘] NmZkljYlrmkYee]fk]lrmf_ $NYf\( Fa]k( Oadd( Hak[‘k]\ae]fl](gj_Yfak[‘] N]\ae]fl]( N[‘da[c%*

?a] af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al ngjcgee]f\]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]jlqh]f kaf\ af GOPSZZS <<&)%. Ym^_])^~‘jl* ?a] 4PPWZRc\U <<&)%+ _aZl ]af] zZ]jka[‘l ~Z]j \a] F~kl]foYkk]jc}jh]j* <m{]j\]e kaf\ ka]>O‘bS + $FYjl]fYf‘Yf_% rm ]flf]‘e]f* ?]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]jc}jh]j roak[‘]f \]j @af)N]]e]ad]f)Ugf] mf\ \]j k]]o|jla_]f Bj]fr] \]j Cg‘]alk_]o|kk]j akl af \]j OYZ]dd] fa[‘l ]fl‘Ydl]f( o]ad ^~j\a]k]f RYkk]jc}jh]j Ymkk[‘da]{da[‘ \]j [‘]eak[‘] UmklYf\ rm Z]ljY[‘l]f akl mf\ ]k ]af]j Oqhaka])jmf_ fa[‘l Z]\Yj^*

GOP& <<&)%.6 >l]^PXRPaj]]P\^cZPX OP\ )%]W%KYXP

F~kl]f_]o|kk]jlqh Oqh)Ij* <frY‘d \]jRYkk]jc}jh]j

<fl]ad Yf \]jB]kYel^d|[‘]

V"Wgda_g‘Ydaf] aff]j] F~k)l]f_]o|kk]j

=- 0 -,

e]kg‘Ydaf] aff]j] F~k)l]f_]o|kk]j =. 5 /5

e]kg‘Ydaf] |m{]j] F~k)l]f_]o|kk]j(c]af] kYakgfYd] N[‘a[‘)lmf_

=/ 2 1-

4PP& <<&)%+6>l]^PXaL]]P\Uk\ZP\

?a] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al _]‘}j]f rm \]f gda_g) Zak e]kg‘Ydaf]f B]o|kk]jf\]j Jklk]]c~kl] mf\ dYkk]f ka[‘ \]f Oqh]f =-( =. mf\ =/ rmgj\f]f* ?]j ‘|m^a_kl] F~kl]f_]o|k)k]jlqh akl eal ]af]e Ad|[‘]fYfl]ad ngf 1- " \]j Oqh =/( _]^gd_l nge Oqh =. $Ad|[‘]fYfl]ad /5 "%*

15

?a] gda_g‘Ydaf]f aff]j]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]j $Oqh =-% kaf\ _]c]ffr]a[‘f]l \mj[‘ ]af]f fa]\ja_]fealld]j]f NYdr_]‘Ydl ngf ,(1 ¡ 1 KNP( ^]jf]j \mj[‘ ]af] _]jaf_] @phgkalagf mf\ ]af]f _]jaf_]fRYkk]jYmklYmk[‘ eal \]j ngj_]dY_]jl]f Jklk]]( \mj[‘ k[‘da[ca_] g\]j Hak[‘k]\ae]fl]( ogZ]a Ym[‘NYf\Z|fc] Ym^lj]l]f c}ff]f( mf\ \mj[‘ ]af] ~Z]joa]_]f\ ngf daefak[‘]f mf\ kYdrlgd]jYfl]feYjaf]f Jj_Yfake]f _]hj|_l] =]ka]\dmf_* <f CYf\ \]k ealld]j]f NYdr_]‘Ydl]k dYkk]f ka[‘ ro]aZ]o]jlmf_kj]d]nYfl] <mkhj|_mf_]f mfl]jk[‘]a\]f6 Pfl]jlqh =-Y $NYdr_]‘Ydl ,(1 ¡ / KNP% mf\Pfl]jlqh =-Z $NYdr_]‘Ydl / ¡ 1 KNP%*

?a] e]kg‘Ydaf]f aff]j]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]j $Oqh =.% kaf\ [‘YjYcl]jaka]jl \mj[‘ ealld]j] NYdr_]‘Ydl]roak[‘]f 1 mf\ -4( e|{a_] Zak k]‘j _]jaf_] @phgkalagf( e|{a_]f Zak _ml]f RYkk]jYmklYmk[‘ kgoa]\mj[‘ k[‘da[ca_]( af ]phgfa]jl]f AdY[‘oYkk]jrgf]f Ym[‘ kYf\a_] N]\ae]fl]* ?a] =]ka]\dmf_ aklngjjYf_a_ ngf kYdrlgd]jYfl]f eYjaf]f Jj_Yfake]f _]hj|_l( afkZ]kgf\]j] ae mfl]j]f =]j]a[‘ \]jNYdr_]‘YdlkkhYff] o]j\]f \a] U}fgk]f \mj[‘ N~{) mf\ =jY[coYkk]jYjl]f ]j_|frl* @k dYkk]f ka[‘Ym^ Bjmf\ \]k ealld]j]f NYdr_]‘Ydl]k \a] Pfl]jlqh]f =.Y $NYdr_]‘Ydl 1 ) -, KNP% mf\ =.Z $NYdr_])‘Ydl -, ) -4% mfl]jk[‘]a\]f*

?a] e]kg‘Ydaf]f |m{]j]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]j $Oqh =/% o]ak]f ]Z]f^Yddk ealld]j] NYdr_]‘Ydl] roak[‘]f1 mf\ -4 KNP Ym^( me^Ykk]f b]\g[‘ \]f e|{a_ Zak \]mlda[‘ ]phgfa]jl]f Nlj]a^]f \]j <m{]fc~kl](\]j \mj[‘ ]af]f _ml]f RYkk]jYmklYmk[‘ mf\ \mj[‘ kYf\a_]( eal =dg[c^]d\]jf \mj[‘k]lrl] N]\a)e]fl] _]c]ffr]a[‘f]l akl* ?a] =]ka]\dmf_ ]j^gd_l ngjjYf_a_ \mj[‘ eYjaf] mf\ =jY[coYkk]jYjl]f7N]]_jYkoa]k]f kaf\ n]jZj]al]l( Ym^ CYjlkmZkljYl]f Ym[‘ =]om[‘k eal eYjaf]f <d_]f* =]a \a]k]eOqh dYkk]f ka[‘ Z]a ^]af]j]j ?a^^]j]fra]jmf_ \]j NYdr_]‘Ydl] \a] Pfl]jlqh]f =/Y $NYdr_]‘Ydl 1 ¡ -,KNP% mf\ =/Z $NYdr_]‘Ydl -, ¡ -4 KNP% mfl]jk[‘]a\]f*

<<&)&, :‘c\ReOaaS‘

?a] j|meda[‘] <Z_j]frmf_ \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j ]j^gd_l Ym^ Bjmf\dY_] ]af]j ae Um_] \]j =])klYf\kYm^fY‘e] ~Z]jYjZ]al]l]f Bjmf\oYkk]j\qfYeac \]k gZ]j]f _jg{j|mea_ rmkYee]f‘|f)_]f\]f Bjmf\oYkk]jd]al]jk af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al* De CafZda[c Ym^ \a] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d]\]j RMMG cgeel \a]k]e Bjmf\oYkk]jd]al]j ]af] Z]kgf\]j] =]\]mlmf_ rm( \Y ]j eal JZ]j^d|[‘]f)_]o|kk]jf mf\ GYf\}cgkqkl]e]f af mfeall]dZYj]j R][‘k]dZ]ra]‘mf_ kl]‘l*

?a] Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j omj\]f Yf CYf\ ^gd_]f\]j Fjal]ja]f YZ_]_j]frl6

· RYkk]jk[‘]a\]f _]e|{ Bjmf\oYkk]j\qfYeac

· Yff|‘]jf\] zZ]j]afklaeemf_ \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j_j]fr]f eal Bj]fr]f gZ]jaj\ak[‘]j$O]ad)%@afrm_k_]Za]l]

· o]k]flda[‘] xf\]jmf_]f ‘q\jg_]gdg_ak[‘]j H]jceYd]

@af Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j akl ]af YZ_]_j]frl]k Bjmf\oYkk]jngdme]f af ]af]e g\]j e]‘j]j]fBjmf\oYkk]jd]al]jf( ogZ]a mfl]j ]af]e Bjmf\oYkk]jd]al]j ]af] B]kl]afkk[‘a[‘l g\]j ]af] N[‘a[‘)l]f^gd_] ngf B]kl]af]f eal Ymkj]a[‘]f\]j ?mj[‘d|kka_c]al n]jklYf\]f oaj\( \a] ]af] Z]\]ml]f\]rmkYee]f‘|f_]f\] Bjmf\oYkk]jYccmemdYlagf( )klj}emf_ g\]j )]flfY‘e] ]je}_da[‘]f* =]a \]j<mko]akmf_ ngf Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf omj\]f \a] ‘q\jg_]gdg_ak[‘]f Q]j‘|dlfakk] mf\ \a]Yfl‘jghg_]f]f @afoajcmf_]f kgo]al Z]j~[cka[‘la_l( \Ykk ]k e}_da[‘ omj\]( \a] Bjmf\oYkk]jc}j)h]j ‘afka[‘lda[‘ a‘j]k UmklYf\k Ydk j]dYlan ‘geg_]f] @af‘]al]f rm Z]o]jl]f*

Df \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al o]j\]f /4 Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j mf\ ^~f^ Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j_jmhh]fYmk_]oa]k]f* ?a] Ad|[‘]f_j}{] \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j Z]lj|_l \mj[‘k[‘fallda[‘ /25 ceu* @af]=]kgf\]j‘]al kl]dd]f \a] \]j e][cd]fZmj_)ngjhgee]jk[‘]f F~kl] ngj_]dY_]jl]f Dfk]df \Yj( \a] Ydkk]dZkl|f\a_] RYkk]jc}jh]j Ymk_]oa]k]f o]j\]f* ?Y\mj[‘ kaf\ af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al mfl]jYf\]j]e RYkk]jc}jh]j ngf fmj jmf\ - ceu Bj}{] ngj‘Yf\]f*

16

?a] Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al kaf\ af <ZZad\mf_ DD* -)0 \Yj_]kl]ddl( \a] rm_jmf\])da]_]f\] Cq\jg\qfYeac akl af >O‘bS , $FYjl]fYf‘Yf_% ]jka[‘lda[‘*

4PP& <<&)%,6 :\_XOaL]]P\Uk\ZP\ OP\ 9:8 JL\XYa’CPPXP

17

<<&* FWU\WTWYO\bS 5SZOabc\US\ c\R O\bV‘]^]US\S 4caeW‘Yc\US\OcT RS\ LcabO\R d]\ BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘\ c\R RS\ Lc%abO\R RSa :‘c\ReOaaS‘a

DD*.*- JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jDD*.*-*- Kmfclm]dd] =]dYklmf_]f $<fY‘Yf_ DD -*0 @B)RMMG%DD*.*-*. ?a^^mk] Nlg^^]aflj|_]DD*.*-*/ RYkk]j]flfY‘e]fDD*.*-*0 <Z^dmkkj]_mda]jmf_]f mf\ Yfl‘jghg_]f] ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘] Q]j|f\]jmf_]fDD*.*-*1 Ngfkla_] Yfl‘jghg_]f]j =]]aflj|[‘la_mf_]fDD*.*. Bjmf\oYkk]jDD*.*.*- Kmfclm]dd] =]dYklmf_]fDD*.*.*. ?a^^mk] =]dYklmf_]fDD*.*.*/ RYkk]j]flfY‘e]fDD*.*.*0 Ngfkla_] Yfl‘jghg_]f] =]]aflj|[‘la_mf_]f

<<&*&) BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘

A~j \a] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] o]j\]f ?Yl]f ~Z]j <jl mf\ <mkeY{ ka_fa^acYfl]j Yfl‘jghg_]f]j =])dYklmf_]f rmkYee]f_]kl]ddl* ?a] =]dYklmf_]f o]j\]f \YZ]a af n]jk[‘a]\]f] C]jcmf^lkZ]j]a[‘]mfl]j_da]\]jl6

· hmfclm]dd] N[‘Y\klg^^im]dd]f(

· \a^^mk] N[‘Y\klg^^im]dd]f(

· RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f(

· <Z^dmkkj]_mda]jmf_]f mf\ Yfl‘jghg_]f] ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘] Q]j|f\]jmf_]f kgoa]

· Yf\]j] ka_fa^acYfl] Yfl‘jghg_]f] =]dYklmf_]f*

OYZ]dd] DD*.)- _aZl ]af]f zZ]jZda[c ~Z]j \a] ka_fa^acYfl]f =]dYklmf_]f mf\ Yfl‘jghg_]f] <mkoaj)cmf_]f Ym^ \]f UmklYf\ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]* De @j_]Zfak akl ^]kl)rmkl]dd]f( \Ykk \a] \a^^mk] =]dYklmf_ af Ydd]f FYl]_gja]f \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j \a] CYmhlZ]dYklmf_kYjl\Yjkl]ddl* B]^gd_l oaj\ \a]k] \mj[‘ =]dYklmf_]f ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]j Q]j|f\]jmf_]f kgoa] <Z)^dmkkj]_mda]jmf_]f* Kmfclim]dd]f( RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f mf\ Yf\]j] =]dYklmf_kim]dd]f kaf\ ngf mf)l]j_]gj\f]l]j =]\]mlmf_*

Tab. II.2-1: Signifikante Belastungen und anthropogene Auswirkungen auf den Zustand der Oberflächengewässer in der FGE Warnow/Peene

* F~kl]f_]o|kk]j $-)N]]e]ad]f)Ugf] Zak Cg‘]alk_j]fr]% emkk fY[‘ RMMG fa[‘l }cgdg_ak[‘ Z]o]jl]l o]j\]f

LcabO\R ;Oc^bPSZOabc\UaO‘bS\ "4\hOVZ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘#

LcabO\R4\hOVZBJ>

USaO[b aQVZSQVbS‘OZa Ucb

ROd]\\Obr‘ZWQV

ROd]\S‘VSPZWQVdS‘p\RS‘b

ROd]\Yr\abZWQV

5SZOabc\US\Oca

Cc\Yb_cSZZS\

5SZOabc\US\Oca RWTTcaS\

DcSZZS\

5SZOabc\US\ Rc‘QVJOaaS‘S\b\OV[S\

c\R’]RS‘JWSRS‘SW\ZSWbc\US\

5SZOabc\US\ Rc‘QV4PTZcaa‘SUcZWS‘c\US\

c\R’]RS‘VgR‘][]‘^VZ]UWaQVS

IS‘p\RS‘c\US\

4\RS‘S5SZOabc\%

US\

9ZWSoUSepaaS‘03/ 023 /-, -1, 3 , 0-0 , 023 ,

FbO\RUSepaaS‘4/ .3 4- . , , .3 , . ,

>rabS\USepaaS‘-5& -5 -3 . , , -5 , . ,

19

<<&*&)&) Cc\YbcSZZS FQVORab]TT_cSZZS\ "4\VO\U << )&, 8:%JEE?#

Na_fa^acYfl] Kmfclim]dd]f ae Naff] \]k <f‘Yf_]k DD Imee]j -*0 RMMG c}ff]f ^gd_]f\] =]dYklmf)_]f k]af6

@afd]almf_]f( \a]

· <f^gj\]jmf_]f ]mjgh|ak[‘]j Ma[‘ldafa]f n]j^]‘d]f $r* =* FgeemfYdYZoYkk]jja[‘ldafa]( DQP)Ma[‘ldafa]% g\]j

· =]k[‘]a\o]jl] oYkk]jj][‘lda[‘]j UmdYkkmf_]f ~Z]jk[‘j]al]f(

· \Yrm ^~‘j]f( \Ykk \]j UmklYf\ \]j Zagdg_ak[‘]f mf\ [‘]eak[‘]f LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]fk[‘d][‘l]j Ydk _ml akl(

· zZ]jk[‘j]almf_]f \]j Jja]fla]jmf_ko]jl] fY[‘ G<R< ‘]jngjjm^]f g\]j

· rme Q]j^]‘d]f ngf j]_agfYd]f mf\ ~Z]jj]_agfYd]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d]f ^~‘j]f*

Df \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] kaf\ c]af] ka_fa^acYfl]f Kmfclim]dd]f( \a] \a] gZ]f _]fYffl]f Fjal]ja]f]j^~dd]f( ^]kl_]kl]ddl ogj\]f*

8W\ZSWbc\US\ Oca Y][[c\OZS\ >Zp‘O\ZOUS\

Pfl]j \]f <fo]f\mf_kZ]j]a[‘ \]j FgeemfYdYZoYkk]jja[‘ldafa] ^Ydd]f

· afk_]kYel 31 cgeemfYd] Fd|jYfdY_]f eal ]af]j <mkZYm_j}{] ngf : .*,,, @afog‘f]jo]j)l]f( \Yngf

· 0/ cgeemfYd] Fd|jYfdY_]f eal <mkZYm_j}{]f Zak mfl]j -,*,,, @afog‘f]jo]jl]f(

· /. cgeemfYd] Fd|jYfdY_]f eal ]af]j <mkZYm_j}{] ngf -,*,,, mf\ e]‘j @afog‘f]jo]j)l]f mf\

· ]af] Fd|jYfdY_] \]j IY‘jmf_keall]daf\mklja] eal e]‘j Ydk 0*,,, @afog‘f]jo]jl]f*

?a]k] cgeemfYd]f Fd|jYfdY_]f ‘YZ]f ]af] <mkZYm_j}{] ngf .*,1,*0,, @afog‘f]jo]jl]f* zZ]j\a]k] <fdY_]f o]j\]f b|‘jda[‘ eal ]af]j <ZoYkk]je]f_] ngf jmf\ 2. Haddagf]f e/ ]loY 221 Ogf)f]f Nla[cklg^^ mf\ 25 Ogff]f K‘gkh‘gj af \a] B]o|kk]j ]af_]d]al]l* <dd] <fdY_]f kaf\ ]flkhj])[‘]f\ \]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f \]j FgeemfYdYZoYkk]jja[‘ldafa] Ymk_]ZYml mf\ ‘Ydl]f \a]k] <f^gj\])jmf_]f ]af* A~j o]al]j_]‘]f\] Df^gjeYlagf]f oaj\ Ym^ \]f GY_]Z]ja[‘l rme NlYf\ \]j cgeemfY)d]f <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf n]joa]k]f* ?a]k]j cYff ngf \]j Cge]hY_]\]k GPIB ‘]jmfl]j_]dY\]f g\]j ~Z]j ^gd_]f\]f Gafc Ym^_]jm^]f o]j\]f6 GY_]Z]ja[‘l FgeemfYd)YZoYkk]j .,,3%* Pe^Yf_j]a[‘] Df^gjeYlagf]f rmj <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ ]fl‘|dl Ym[‘ \a] Q]j}^^]fl)da[‘mf_ FgeemfYd] <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ af H)Q( ‘]ml] mf\ fY[‘ <Zk[‘dmkk \]j @P)A}j\]jh]jag\].,,3 ¡ .,-/ $GP( <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ .,,4% * ?a]k] kl]‘l Ydk KmZdacYlagf Ym^ \]j Cge]hY_] \]k GPrmj Q]j^~_mf_ g\]j cYff ~Z]j ^gd_]f\]f Gafc Ym^_]jm^]f o]j\]f6 <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ H][cd]f)Zmj_)Qgjhgee]jf

?a] <ZoYkk]j]afd]almf_]f ]j^gd_]f ~Z]joa]_]f\ af Ada]{_]o|kk]j( ]afa_] Yf \]j F~kl] da]_]f\]Fd|jYfdY_]f d]al]f Ym[‘ \aj]cl g\]j Ym^ cmjr]e Ada]{o]_ ~Z]j ]af =aff]f_]o|kk]j af \a] F~kl]f)_]o|kk]j \]j Jklk]] ]af*

20

<<&*&)&* 7WTTcaS Fb]TTSW\b‘pUS

ApV‘ab]TTS

?a] I|‘jklg^^] Nla[cklg^^ mf\ K‘gkh‘gj _]dYf_]f ~Z]j hmfclm]dd] mf\ \a^^mk] @afljY_kh^Y\] af \a]JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j* ?a] _]_]f~Z]j \]f fYl~jda[‘]f Q]j‘|dlfakk]f ]j‘}‘l] I|‘jklg^^n]j^~_ZYj)c]al oaj\ Ydk @mljgh‘a]jmf_ Z]r]a[‘f]l* Na] Z]oajcl af dYf_kYe ^da]{]f\]f mf\ kl]‘]f\]f B]o|k)k]jf ]af n]jkl|jcl]k <d_]foY[‘klme mf\ \]f M~[c_Yf_ ngf cgfcmjj]frk[‘oY[‘]j( da[‘lZ]\~j^la)_]j P^]j) mf\ Pfl]joYkk]jn]_]lYlagf mf\ n]j‘af\]jl kg \Yk @jj]a[‘]f \]k _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]fUmklYf\k* =]kgf\]jk k]fkaZ]d Ym^ ]j‘}‘l] Nla[cklg^^) mf\ K‘gkh‘gj]aflj|_] j]Y_a]j]f \a] LmYda)l|lkcgehgf]fl]f K‘qlghdYfclgf mf\ HYcjgh‘ql]f+K‘qlgZ]fl‘gk*

CYmhl]afljY_kh^Y\] kaf\ \]j I|‘jklg^^YmkljY_ Ymk _]\j|fl]f Ad|[‘]f( @aflj|_] ~Z]j \Yk Bjmf\)oYkk]j kgoa] ~Z]j \a] @jgkagf* ?a^^mk] Lm]dd]f eY[‘]f [Y* 5, " \]j Nla[cklg^^]aflj|_] mf\ [Y* 31 "\]j K‘gkh‘gj]aflj|_] Ymk* HY{fY‘e]f rmj M]\mra]jmf_ \]j \a^^mk]f I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_] af \a] B])o|kk]j kaf\ \Y‘]j mfZ]\af_l ]j^gj\]jda[‘*

Ada]{_]o|kk]j

?a] af \]f -55,]j EY‘j]f \gcme]fla]jl] hgkalan] Oj]f\]floa[cdmf_ af \]j RYkk]jZ]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al\]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j ‘Yl ka[‘ af \]f d]lrl]f EY‘j]f \]mlda[‘ YZ_]k[‘o|[‘l* DfkZ]kgf\]j] af cd]af]fAda]{_]o|kk]jf o]ak]f kgog‘d [‘]eak[‘] Ydk Ym[‘ Zagdg_ak[‘] =]^mf\] rme O]ad ]j‘]Zda[‘] <Z)o]a[‘mf_]f nge _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\ Ym^* <m^ \]j [‘]eak[‘]f N]al] kaf\ ‘a]j^~j g^l =]dYk)lmf_]f Ymk cgeemfYd]f Fd|jYfdY_]f( ngj Ydd]e YZ]j Nlg^^]aflj|_] Ymk \a^^mk]f Lm]dd]f n]jYfl)ogjlda[‘* ?a]k lja^^l af Z]kgf\]j]e HY{] Ym^ \a] Nla[cklg^^Z]dYklmf_ \]j B]o|kk]j rm( \a] eY{_]Z)da[‘ ngf \]f Nla[cklg^^~Z]jk[‘~kk]f Ym^ \]f dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘ _]fmlrl]f Ad|[‘]f mf\ \]f Yclm]d)d]f e]l]gjgdg_ak[‘)‘q\jgdg_ak[‘]f =]\af_mf_]f Z]]af^dmkkl oaj\*

?a] ?Yl]fYmko]jlmf_ \]j B]o|kk]j~Z]joY[‘mf_ r]a_l ljglr ]afa_]j hgkalan]j @floa[cdmf_]f af\]f n]j_Yf_]f]f EY‘j]f Yf‘Ydl]f\] ?]^aral] \]j B]o|kk]j_~l]( afkZ]kgf\]j] =]dYklmf_]f ealNla[cklg^^* IaljYlkla[cklg^^ akl ‘a]jZ]a eal 3, " \]k B]kYelkla[cklg^^k \a] \geafa]j]f\] Q]jZaf\mf_*@k ~Z]joa]_]f fY[‘ oa] ngj B]o|kk]j eal \]mlda[‘]j mf\ ]j‘}‘l]j IaljYlZ]dYklmf_* O]f\]fra]dd]Q]j|f\]jmf_]f kaf\ Z]ae IaljYl fa[‘l rm ]jc]ff]f*

?a] ?]^aral] \]j B]o|kk]jZ]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al kaf\ ae @j_]Zfak \]j =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] ^~j \a] Admkk_])Za]lk]af‘]al ]jf]ml Z]kgf\]jk \]mlda[‘ _]ogj\]f* ?a] I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_] ~Z]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j mf\Bjmf\oYkk]j af \a] NlYf\) mf\ F~kl]f_]o|kk]j kl]dd]f ]af] ka_fa^acYfl] =]]aflj|[‘la_mf_ ^~j \])j]f B]o|kk]jimYdal|l \Yj* ?a] I|‘jklg^^Z]dYklmf_ lj|_l f]Z]f \]f kljmclmj]dd]f ?]^aral]f \Yrm Z]a(\Ykk ka[‘ na]d] \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j)( N]]f) mf\ F~kl]f_]o|kk]jc}jh]j af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]alfa[‘l ae @afcdYf_ eal \]j Ua]dngjkl]ddmf_ £_ml]j }cgdg_ak[‘]j UmklYf\! Z]^af\]f* IY‘]rm Ydd] Zag)dg_ak[‘]f LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f( o]d[‘] \]f _ml]f UmklYf\ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j Ye kl|jck)l]f Z]klaee]f( o]ak]f af Ydd]f B]o|kk]jcYl]_gja]f ]af] \]mlda[‘] Zak klYjc] I|‘jklg^^k]fkaZadal|lYm^*

Dfk_]kYel akl \Yngf Ymkrm_]‘]f( \Ykk \a^^mk] I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_] o]k]flda[‘] fY[‘l]ada_] <mkoaj)cmf_]f Ym^ \]f UmklYf\ \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al ‘YZ]f*

NlYf\_]o|kk]j

Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f rm \a^^mk]f =]dYklmf_]f ngf NlYf\_]o|kk]jf da]_]f af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]alfmj n]j]afr]dl ngj* Bjmf\k|lrda[‘ dYkk]f ka[‘ \a] @jc]fflfakk] rm \]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jf Ym^ NlYf\_])o|kk]j ~Z]jljY_]f* Ng kaf\ \a] @jgkagf mf\( af _]jaf_]j]e HY{]( Ym[‘ \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j ro]a o])k]flda[‘] K^Y\] \a^^mk]j K‘gkh‘gjZ]dYklmf_]f ngf NlYf\_]o|kk]jf* @Z]fkg ‘Yl \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]jo]k]flda[‘] =]\]mlmf_ ^~j \]f \a^^mk]f @afljY_ ngf Nla[cklg^^* <dk ‘Ymhlk|[‘da[‘] Lm]dd] ]pl]jf]j\a^^mk]j =]dYklmf_]f \]j NlYf\_]o|kk]j akl \a] GYf\Z]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_ Yfrmk]‘]f* N]]f ]jo]ak]fka[‘ Ydk I|‘jklg^^^Ydd]f* Df a‘f]f Yccmemda]j]f ka[‘ I|‘jklg^^] Z]ngjrm_l*

21

?a] \YjYmk j]kmdla]j]f\]f @mljgh‘a]jmf_k]jk[‘]afmf_]f( oa] \Yk n]jkl|jcl] RY[‘klme ngf Hacjg)dY_]f( \]j M~[c_Yf_ \]j P^]j) mf\ Pfl]joYkk]jn]_]lYlagf( \a] Q]jk[‘a]Zmf_ \]k <jl]f_]^~_]k afMa[‘lmf_ \]j lgd]jYfl]f K^dYfr]f) mf\ Oa]jYjl]f mf\ n]jk[‘d][‘l]jl] G]Z]fkZ]\af_mf_]f af \]fla]^]j]f =]j]a[‘]f \mj[‘ NYm]jklg^^eYf_]dkalmYlagf]f Z]\af_]f Z]a na]d]f N]]f( \Ykk \]j _ml]}cgdg_ak[‘] UmklYf\ fa[‘l Ymk_]oa]k]f o]j\]f cYff*

?mj[‘ =]dYklmf_]f \]j n]j_Yf_]f]f EY‘jr]‘fl]( m* Y* Ym[‘ \mj[‘ \a] ealld]jo]ad] YZ_]kl]ddl] @af)d]almf_ mfrmj]a[‘]f\ _]j]afa_l]j <Zo|kk]j( ‘YZ]f ka[‘ ae N]\ae]fl na]d]j NlYf\_]o|kk]j I|‘j)klg^^]( ngjf]‘eda[‘ K‘gkh‘gj( YZ_]dY_]jl* I]Z]f \]f ]pl]jf]f \a^^mk]f =]dYklmf_kim]dd]f akl ngjYdd]e af l‘]jeak[‘ _]k[‘a[‘l]l]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jf eal ]af]e fa[‘l mfZ]lj|[‘lda[‘]f afl]jf]f =])dYklmf_khgl]fraYd rm j][‘f]f( \Yk mekg ‘}‘]j da]_l( b] e]‘j I|‘jklg^^] af \]j Q]j_Yf_]f‘]al af\]f N]\ae]fl]f YZ_]dY_]jl omj\]f mf\ ae AYdd] ]af]j M]egZadaka]jmf_ af \]f =aghjg\mclagfkrqc)dmk \]k N]]k _]dYf_]f c}ff]f* Pfl]j Pekl|f\]f cYff \a] afl]jf] =]dYklmf_ o]k]flda[‘ ‘}‘]jda]_]f Ydk \a] =]dYklmf_]f( \a] \Yk B]o|kk]j Yclm]dd Ymk ]pl]jf]f Lm]dd]f ]jj]a[‘]f*

Dfk_]kYel akl \Yngf Ymkrm_]‘]f( \Ykk \a^^mk] =]dYklmf_]f o]k]flda[‘] fY[‘l]ada_] <mkoajcmf_]fYm^ \]f UmklYf\ \]j NlYf\_]o|kk]j \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al ‘YZ]f*

F~kl]f_]o|kk]j

Df \a] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al o]j\]f ~Z]j \a] ~Z]joY[‘l]f Um^d~kk] $\a]k] ]fl)o|kk]jf ]loY 33 " \]j GYf\^d|[‘]% mf\ \a] oa[‘la_kl]f ?aj]cl]afd]al]j b|‘jda[‘ roak[‘]f /*3,, ¡3*3,, Ogff]f Nla[cklg^^ $ka]‘] 4PP& <<&*%)% mf\ -./ ¡ -5, Ogff]f K‘gkh‘gj ]af_]ljY_]f $ka]‘]4PP& <<&*%*%* ?mj[‘ \]f I]mZYm eg\]jf]j Fd|jYfdY_]f af \]f F~kl]fkl|\l]f $r* =* Mgklg[c( NljYd)kmf\( Bj]a^koYd\( RakeYj% Z]lj|_l \]j <fl]ad( \]j Ymk \]f ?aj]cl]afd]al]jf af \a] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j_]dYf_l( kgog‘d Z]a Nla[cklg^^ Ydk Ym[‘ Z]a K‘gkh‘gj fmj fg[‘ roak[‘]f 0 mf\ -, "* @k \geafa]j]fYdkg \a] @aflj|_] ~Z]j \a] Um^d~kk]( \a] oa]\]jme ]flk[‘]a\]f\ Ymk \a^^mk]f Lm]dd]f klYee]f*

?a] C}‘] \]j dYf\k]ala_]f @aflj|_]( afkZ]kgf\]j] \a] C}‘] \]j Nla[cklg^^]aflj|_]( oaj\ o]k]flda[‘ngf \]f e]l]gjgdg_ak[‘]f mf\ ‘q\jgdg_ak[‘]f =]\af_mf_]f Z]klaeel* Df Ojg[c]fbY‘j]f( oa].,,/( o]j\]f \]mlda[‘ _]jaf_]j] I|‘jklg^^^jY[‘l]f YZ_]^~‘jl Ydk af fYkk]f EY‘j]f( oa] .,,1*

I]Z]f \]f dYf\k]ala_]f =]dYklmf_]f emkk ^~j ]af] B]kYelZadYfr \]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j Ym[‘ \a]Ylegkh‘|jak[‘] ?]hgkalagf Z]j~[cka[‘la_l o]j\]f* Df <Z‘|f_a_c]al ngf \]j B]o|kk]j^d|[‘] mf\\]j C}‘] \]j dYf\k]ala_]f @aflj|_] kha]dl \]j Ylegkh‘|jak[‘] I|‘jklg^^]afljY_ af \]f e]akl]f F~k)l]f_]o|kk]jf \]j AB@ fmj ]af] k]‘j mfl]j_]gj\f]l] Mgdd]* Df \]f xklmYj]f \]j RYjfgo mf\ J\]jcYff ]j af \]j B]kYelZadYfr fY‘]rm n]jfY[‘d|kka_l o]j\]f* De Bj]a^koYd\]j =g\\]f mf\ af \]fM~_]fk[‘]f =g\\]f ‘af_]_]f cYff ]j YZ]j Z]Y[‘lda[‘ k]af*

<m{]j\]e kha]d]f ^~j \a] I|‘jklg^^kalmYlagf af \]f aff]j]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf M~[cd}k]ngj_|f_]Ymk \]e N]\ae]fl ]af] oa[‘la_] Mgdd]*

@j‘}‘l] I|‘jklg^^cgfr]fljYlagf]f ngf Nla[cklg^^ mf\ K‘gkh‘gj( afkZ]kgf\]j] Ymk \a^^mk]f Lm]dd]fae @afrm_k_]Za]l \]j ]afe~f\]f\]f Ada]{_]o|kk]j( ^~‘j]f af \]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf \]j Admkk_])Za]lk]af‘]al rm ]af]j M]a‘] ngf @mljgh‘a]jmf_k]jk[‘]afmf_]f( oa] ]j‘}‘l]f HacjgYd_]fcgfr]fljY)lagf]f mf\ ¡Zd~l]f( NYm]jklg^^eYf_]dkalmYlagf]f eal Oa]jkl]jZ]f Ye H]]j]kZg\]f mf\ ]af]j Q]j)k[‘d][‘l]jmf_ \]k Ga[‘lcdaeYk \mj[‘ ]j‘}‘l] RYkk]jlj~Zmf_ eal Q]jdY_]jmf_ \]k Qgjcgee]fkngf HYcjgYd_]f mf\ N]]_jYk af ^dY[‘] =]j]a[‘]* ?Y\mj[‘ ‘Yl ka[‘ \a] fYl~jda[‘] =agr}fgk] af \]jRYkk]jh‘Yk] mf\ Ye H]]j]kZg\]f kg n]j|f\]jl( \Ykk \]j _ml] }cgdg_ak[‘] UmklYf\ fY[‘ @B)RMMG af \]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]jc}jh]jf \]jr]al fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘l oaj\*

22

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

2003 2004 2005 2006

Ges

.-N in

Ton

nen

0,0

0,4

0,8

1,2

1,6

2,0

Abf

luß

in M

rd m

3

Ges-N Q

4PP& <<&*%)6 F^TNU]^YQQPTX^\jRP TX OTP >l]^PXRPaj]]P\ OP\ 9:8 JL\XYa’CPPXP"7L^PX L_] :Paj]]P\Rl^PMP\TNS^ *((+’*((,’*((-’*((.#

Phosphoreinträge in die Küstengewässer der FGE Warnow/Peene

0

50

100

150

200

250

2003 2004 2005 2006

Ges

.-P-F

rach

t in

Tonn

en

4PP& <<&*%*6 CSY]ZSY\PTX^\jRP TX OTP >l]^PXRPaj]]P\ OP\ 9:8 JL\XYa’CPPXP"7L^PX L_] :Paj]]P\Rl^PMP\TNS^ *((+’*((,’*((-’*((.#

23

FQVORab]TTS

Ada]{_]o|kk]j

?a] Zak‘]j ngjda]_]f\]f N[‘Y\klg^^mfl]jkm[‘mf_]f r]a_]f af \]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jf \]j AB@ ~Z]j)oa]_]f\ fmj ]af] _]jaf_] =]dYklmf_ Yf*

=]a \]f N[‘o]je]lYdd]f omj\]f rme]akl j]dYlan fa]\ja_] Fgfr]fljYlagf]f _]e]kk]f* Um zZ]j)k[‘j]almf_]f \]j Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f fY[‘ @P)Og[‘l]jja[‘ldafa] $C_( >\( KZ( Ia af \]j RYkk]j)h‘Yk]% mf\ \]j LmYdal|lkfgje fY[‘ RMMG)Pek]lrmf_kn]jgj\fmf_ $<k( >m( Uf ae N[‘o]Zklg^^ Zro*N]\ae]fl% cYe ]k fa[‘l*

?a] Zak‘]j mfl]jkm[‘l]f Df\mklja][‘]eacYda]f $<fl‘jY[]f( =]frgd( IYh‘l‘Yd]f( Igfqd) mf\ J[)lqdh‘]fgd( [‘dgja]jl] Fg‘d]foYkk]jklg^^]( oa] ?>H( >‘dgjg^gje( OMD( K@M( N>>K% oYj]f rme]aklfa[‘l fY[‘o]akZYj* Umj zZ]jk[‘j]almf_ \]j Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f cYe ]k fa[‘l*

?a] Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f ^~j \a] K]klara\] fY[‘ @P)Og[‘l]jja[‘ldafa] $<dY[‘dgj( <ljYraf( >‘dghq)jah‘gk( >‘dgjn]fh‘afngk( ?amjgf( @f\gkmd^Yf( Dkghjglmjgf( C>C( K]flY[‘dgjZ]frgd( NaeYraf( Oja^dm)jYdaf% omj\]f ae EY‘j .,,3 Zak‘]j fmj af \]j HYmjaf] Z]a Dkghjglmjgf ~Z]jk[‘jall]f* KYjYdd]d rm \a])k]f K^da[‘lhYjYe]l]jf omj\] .,,4 ]af] _jg{] <frY‘d o]al]j]j K^dYfr]fk[‘mlreall]d mfl]jkm[‘l ealr* O* Ym^^|dda_]f =]^mf\]f $r* =* <HK<( Bdqh‘gkYl( >‘dgja\Yrgf)\]kh‘]fqd%* J^^]fZYj cgeel ]k af]afa_]f B]o|kk]jf \]j AB@ rm \]mlda[‘]f =]dYklmf_]f eal K^dYfr]fk[‘mlreall]df*

A~j \a] ~Zja_]f hjagjal|j]f Nlg^^] fY[‘ @P)Og[‘l]jja[‘ldafa] omj\]f \a] PLI Zak‘]j ]af_]‘Ydl]f$??O( ?jaf]( C>=( K>K( O>=% Zro* oYj ]af] zZ]jhj~^mf_ Ym^_jmf\ \]j k]‘j fa]\ja_]f Igje]f fa[‘lg\]j fmj r* O* e}_da[‘ $O=O( ]afa_] K<F%* Df \]j Ogdd]fk] omj\] .,,3 O=O af \]mlda[‘ e]kkZYj]fFgfr]fljYlagf]f gZ]j‘YdZ \]j =]klaeemf_k_j]fr] mf\ \Yeal gZ]j‘YdZ \]j Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgjefY[‘_]oa]k]f*

=]a IaljYl cYe ]k .,,3 Yf e]‘j]j]f H]kkkl]dd]f rmj zZ]jk[‘j]almf_ \]j Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje ^~j\]f [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\* ?a]k oYj afkZ]kgf\]j] Ym[‘ af cd]af]j]f B]o|kk]jf \]j AYdd( \]j]f @af)rm_k_]Za]l] dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘ _]hj|_l kaf\*

I]Z]f \]f _]j]_]dl]f hjagjal|j]f( kqfl‘]lak[‘]f mf\ fa[‘lkqfl‘]lak[‘]f N[‘Y\klg^^]f omj\]f \a]Ada]{_]o|kk]j af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf Ym[‘ Ym^ f]mYjla_] Nlg^^] mfl]jkm[‘l* @afa_] <jrf]a)eall]doajcklg^^] mf\ M}fl_]fcgfljYkleall]d cYe]f o]al n]jZj]al]l( ‘|m^a_ mf\ r* O* af ]j‘}‘l]f$: ,(- w_+d% Zak ‘g‘]f Fgfr]fljYlagf]f $: -, w_+d% ngj*

NlYf\_]o|kk]j

A~j \a] NlYf\_]o|kk]j \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al kaf\ c]af] j]d]nYfl]f N[‘Y\klg^^Z]dYklmf_]f Z])cYffl* ?Yk _adl _]f]j]dd ^~j \Yk Aj]aoYkk]j( YZ]j Ym[‘ Ydd] Zak‘]j af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf mf)l]jkm[‘l]f KjgZ]f ngf N]\ae]fl]f \]j N]]f oa]k]f ) eal _]jaf_]f lgd]ja]jZYj]f <mkfY‘e]f )c]af] ka_fa^acYfl]f N[‘Y\klg^^Z]dYklmf_]f Ym^*

F~kl]f_]o|kk]j

?a] UmklYf\k]afk[‘|lrmf_ \]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j ]j_YZ Z]rg_]f Ym^ \]f [‘]eak[‘]f NlYlmk zZ]j)k[‘j]almf_]f af \]j Pfl]joYjfgo $O=O ae RYkk]j%*

=]rg_]f Ym^ \]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\ omj\] ]af_]k[‘|lrl( \Ykk \a] aff]j]f RakeYjZm[‘l mf\\a] Pfl]joYjfgo \]f _ml]f UmklYf\ fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘]f* PjkY[‘] ‘a]j^~j kaf\ ]j‘}‘l] ?=O)B]‘Ydl] aeN]\ae]fl( o]d[‘] Ym^ \a] bY‘j]dYf_] Q]jo]f\mf_ ngf Uaffgj_YfacY af <fla^gmdaf_Yfklja[‘klg^^]frmj~[crm^~‘j]f kaf\* Df Z]a\]f RYkk]jc}jh]jf r]a[‘f]l ka[‘ YZ]j af \]f d]lrl]f EY‘j]f ]af] <Z)fY‘e] \]j O=O)Q]jZaf\mf_]f af \]f N]\ae]fl]f YZ*

24

<<&*&)&+ JOaaS‘S\b\OV[S\

Agd_]f\] Fjal]ja]f omj\]f \]j D\]fla^ara]jmf_ ka_fa^acYfl]j =]dYklmf_ Ymk RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f rmBjmf\] _]d]_l6

· RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f( \a] \]f Q]jZd]aZ \]k oYkk]jj][‘lda[‘ ^]kl_]d]_l]f Haf\]kloYkk]jYZ)^dmkk]k g\]j eaf\]kl]fk -+/ HIL fa[‘l _]o|‘jd]akl]f(

· @afr]d^Yddhj~^mf_( o]ff \]j UmklYf\ \]j =agcgehgf]fl]f HYcjgrggZ]fl‘gk mf\+g\]j Aa)k[‘] k[‘d][‘l]j Ydk _ml akl*

Df RYkk]jc}jh]jf \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j( N]]f mf\ F~kl]f_]o|kk]j omj\]f c]af] ka_fa^acYfl]f RYk)k]j]flfY‘e]f ^]kl_]kl]ddl*

<<&*&)&, 4PTZcaa‘SUcZWS‘c\US\ c\R O\bV‘]^]US\S VgR‘][]‘^V]Z]UWaQVS IS‘%p\RS‘c\US\

I]Z]f \]j RYkk]jZ]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al kaf\ \a] ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al \]j B]o|kk]j mf\ a‘j] Nljmclmj ]afoa[‘la_]j HY{klYZ ^~j \a] @floa[cdmf_ ]af]j fYlmjfY‘]f AYmfY mf\ AdgjY* De Um_] \]j af \]f n]j)_Yf_]f]f EY‘j‘mf\]jl]f ]j^gd_l]f Ydd_]e]af]f GYf\k[‘Y^lkn]j|f\]jmf_ \mj[‘ \]f H]fk[‘]fkaf\ Ym[‘ na]d] Ada]{_]o|kk]j mf\ \]j >‘YjYcl]j a‘j]j @afrm_k_]Za]l] klYjc n]j|f\]jl ogj\]f* Dfk)Z]kgf\]j] o]_]f a‘j]j ]flo|kk]jf\]f Amfclagf omj\]f ka] af ]af]e k]‘j ‘g‘]f HY{] Z]_jY\a_l(Z]^]kla_l mf\ n]jla]^l( me ]af] dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] Imlrmf_ rmf|[‘kl ~Z]j‘Ymhl rm ]je}_da[‘]fmf\ fY[‘ mf\ fY[‘ o]al]j rm ghlaea]j]f* Df ]afa_]f Ia]\]jmf_k_]Za]l]f oYj \a] c~fklda[‘] @fl)o|kk]jmf_ \]j Ad|[‘]f QgjYmkk]lrmf_ ^~j ]af] dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] Imlrmf_*

?]j B]o|kk]jYmkZYm mf\ \a] kl]la_] B]o|kk]jmfl]j‘Ydlmf_ ‘Yll]f Ydd]j\af_k rmj Agd_]( \Ykk \a]LmYdal|l \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j Ydk G]Z]fkjYme ^~j Oa]j ) mf\ K^dYfr]fd]Z]fk_]e]afk[‘Y^l]f \]mlda[‘YZfY‘e* Umjr]al kaf\ \a] e]akl]f Ada]{_]o|kk]j Zagdg_ak[‘ Ydk ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]jYjel rm Z]r]a[‘f]f*

?a] }cgdg_ak[‘] ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al ngf \]j H~f\mf_ Zak rmj Lm]dd] ]af]k Ada]{_]o|kk]jkqkl]ek aklf]Z]f ]af]j fYl~jda[‘]f B]o|kk]jegjh‘gdg_a] ]af] o]k]flda[‘] QgjYmkk]lrmf_ ^~j ]af] klYf\gjl)_]j][‘l] Aak[‘Zagr}fgk]* Naf\ \a]k] =]\af_mf_]f _]kl}jl( rme =]akha]d \mj[‘ Lm]jZYmo]jc]( n]j)da]jl \Yk B]o|kk]j ]af]f O]ad k]af]j Amfclagf ae IYlmj‘Ymk‘Ydl* ?a] ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al oajcl ka[‘ \Y)‘]j Ym^ \a] @jj]a[‘mf_ \]k _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k mfeall]dZYj Ymk* =Ymo]jc] mf\ <fdY_]f(\a] \Yk fYl~jda[‘] M]_ae] ngf JZ]j^d|[‘]f) mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf Z]]af^dmkk]f( c}ff]f YZ)^dmkkj]_mda]j]f\ oajc]f mf\+g\]j ]Z]fkg \a] Cq\jgegjh‘gdg_a] ngf JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jf \]ml)da[‘ Z]]aflj|[‘la_]f* Ngd[‘] =Ymo]jc] \a]f]f ‘Ymhlk|[‘da[‘ \]e Cg[‘oYkk]jk[‘mlr( \]j RYkk]j)cjY^lfmlrmf_( \]j B]o|‘jd]aklmf_ \]j dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f Imlrmf_( \]j N[‘a^^ZYjc]al( \]j Aak[‘])j]aoajlk[‘Y^l( \]e B]k[‘a]Z]j~[c‘Ydl g\]j \]j af\mklja]dd]f Imlrmf_* ?]k R]al]j]f c}ff]f =Ym)eY{fY‘e]f mf\ Pfl]j‘Ydlmf_keY{fY‘e]f Yf JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jf ae G|f_kn]jdYm^ kljmclm)j]dd] egjh‘gdg_ak[‘] =]dYklmf_]f \Yjkl]dd]f*

?]j Imlrmf_k‘afl]j_jmf\ ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]j Q]j|f\]jmf_]f \mj[‘ <mkZYm( @af]f_mf_ mf\=]_jY\a_mf_ \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j \][cl ka[‘ o]al_]‘]f\ eal \]f]f \]j <Z^dmkkj]_mda]jmf_]f* ?]jBjY\ ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]j Q]j|f\]jmf_]f mf\ \Yk ‘g‘] HY{ YZ^dmkkj]_mda]j]f\]j =Ymo]jc] ae@afrm_k_]Za]l \j~[cl ka[‘ m* Y* ae ‘g‘]f <fl]ad ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl]j mf\ c~fklda[‘]j Ada]{_]o|k)k]j Ymk*

?Yk Nh]cljme eY{_]Zda[‘]j Lm]jZYmo]jc] j]a[‘l ngf N[‘}h^o]jc]f rm cd]af]f R]‘j]f( H~‘d]f)klYm]f( Q]jjg‘jmf_]f mf\ ?mj[‘d|kk]f* Na] Zad\]f g^l RYf\]jmf_k‘af\]jfakk] ^~j YimYlak[‘] G])Z]o]k]f mf\ Z]]af^dmkk]f ‘|m^a_ ka_fa^acYfl \]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\ ngf B]o|kk]jf Ym^_jmf\a‘j]j M~[cklYmoajcmf_( \]j Q]j‘af\]jmf_ \]j }cgdg_ak[‘]f ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al mf\ \]e eal a‘f]fg^l ]af‘]j_]_Yf_]f]f B]o|kk]jYmkZYm*

25

Ada]{_]o|kk]j

Df \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al omj\]f ae Um_] \]j =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] Ydd] YZ^dmkkj]_mda]j]f\]f =Ym)o]jc] af Ada]{_]o|kk]jf eal @afrm_k_]Za]l]f ngf eaf\]kl]fk -, ceu ]j‘gZ]f* Dfk_]kYel omj\]f-*,11 =Ymo]jc] ]jeall]dl* ?a] <jl \]j =Ymo]jc] akl Ymk GOPSZZS <<&*%* ]jka[‘lda[‘*

GOPSZZS <<&*%*6 4MQV_]]\PR_VTP\PXOP 5L_aP\UP TX OPX 9VTPiRPaj]]P\X

R]‘j Ng‘dYZklmjrNg‘d_d]al]+Ng‘djYeh](

Ng‘dk[‘o]dd]+Bjmf\k[‘o]dd]

OYdkh]jj]+Nh]a[‘]j Ngfkla_]k =Ymo]jc

33/ --2 -11 . 5

I]Z]f \]j <jl \]j =Ymo]jc] omj\] \a] =]lja]Zko]ak]( \]j <fdY_]fro][c( \a] <Zklmjr‘}‘] mf\(kgo]al e}_da[‘( \a] ngf \]f =Ymo]jc]f n]jmjkY[‘l] M~[cklYmd|f_] ae Ada]{_]o|kk]j ]jeall]dl*

?a] ~Z]joa]_]f\] UY‘d \]j =Ymo]jc] kaf\ R]‘j]* ?Yk Nh]cljme \]j <fdY_]f j]a[‘l nge ]af^Y[‘]fCgdrZg‘d]fklYm af dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f Qgj^dml]jf Zak rmj _jg{]f R]‘jYfdY_] af dYf\]k]a_]f]fAda]{_]o|kk]jf* De ?mj[‘k[‘fall ]fl^|ddl af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al Ym^ Ydd] 0 ce Ada]{_]o|kk]j ]afYZ^dmkkj]_mda]j]f\]k =Ymo]jc*

Dfk_]kYel Z]ljY[‘l]l( ‘YZ]f YZ^dmkkj]_mda]j]f\] HY{fY‘e]f( afkZ]kgf\]j] NlYmYfdY_]f( o]k]fl)da[‘] fY[‘l]ada_] <mkoajcmf_]f Ym^ \]f UmklYf\ \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al*

NlYf\_]o|kk]j

Df \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al omj\]f ae Um_] \]j =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] .4 YZ^dmkkj]_mda]j]f\] <fdY_]fYf \]f 22 \mj[‘^dgkk]f]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jf ]jeall]dl* ?a] <jl \]j <fdY_]f akl Ymk GOPSZZS <<&*%+ ]j)ka[‘lda[‘*

GOPSZZS <<&*%+6 4MQV_]]\PR_VTP\PXOP 5L_aP\UP LX OPX F^LXORPaj]]P\X

R]‘j Ng‘d_d]al]+)jYeh]( Ng‘d)+Bjmf\k[‘o]dd].2 .

?Y Lm]jZYmo]jc] RYf\]j‘af\]jfakk] Zad\]f( kaf\ fY[‘l]ada_] <mkoajcmf_]f ^~j oYf\]jf\] B])o|kk]jgj_Yfake]f rm ]joYjl]f*

Q]j|f\]jmf_]f \]j P^]jkljmclmj( r* =* \mj[‘ P^]jZ]^]kla_mf_]f mf\ =Ymo]jc]( kaf\ ^~j \]f G])Z]fkjYme N]] ngf =]\]mlmf_( o]ff ka] o]k]flda[‘]f <fl]ad Yf \]j _]kYel]f P^]jd|f_] ‘YZ]f*<mko]akda[‘ ]af]j ^~j Ydd] Z]ja[‘lkh^da[‘la_]f N]]f \mj[‘_]^~‘jl] P^]jkljmclmj_~l])FYjla]jmf_ omj)\]f P^]jkljmclmj\]^aral] fa[‘l Ydk ka_fa^acYfl ]af_]klm^l*

F~kl]f_]o|kk]j

?a] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al omj\]f af \]j Q]j_Yf_]f‘]al egjh‘gdg_ak[‘ ~Z]j)oa]_]f\ fa[‘l ka_fa^acYfl n]j|f\]jl* <mkfY‘e]f Zad\]f afkZ]kgf\]j] \a] Ydk ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jlYmk_]oa]k]f]f RYkk]jc}jh]j \]j Pfl]joYjfgo mf\ \]j RakeYjZm[‘l* ?]j Fd]af] EYkemf\]j =g\)\]f omj\] Z]j]alk ae EY‘j] -424 \mj[‘ \]f =Ym ]af]k ?Yee]k o]al]kl_]‘]f\ nge Bjg{]f EYk)emf\]j =g\\]f mf\ \Yeal nge RYkk]jYmklYmk[‘ eal \]f ngj_]dY_]jl]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf YZ_])lj]ffl* Df Agd_] \a]k]j <Zja]_]dmf_ mf\ \]j rmf]‘e]f\]f I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_] Ymk \]j Pe_]Zmf_(afkZ]kgf\]j] \mj[‘ ^j~‘]j] <ZoYkk]j]afd]almf_]f Ymk \]j Fd|jYfdY_] =]j_]f( n]jk[‘d][‘l]jl] ka[‘\]j }cgdg_ak[‘] UmklYf\ \]k B]o|kk]jk rmf]‘e]f\ mf\ oaj\ ‘]ml] eal \]j B~l]cdYkk] 0 £klYjc]mljgh‘¢ ]af_]k[‘|lrl*

26

<<&*&)&- 8W\aQVpbhc\U a]\abWUS‘ O\bV‘]^]US\S‘ 5SSW\b‘pQVbWUc\US\

Ngfkla_] Yfl‘jghg_]f] =]dYklmf_]f kaf\ j]_agfYdkh]ra^ak[‘ mf\ ]afr]d^YddZ]rg_]f rm Z]ljY[‘l]f*=]dYklmf_]f kgfkla_]j <jl ^Ykk]f Ydd] ~Zja_]f e}_da[‘]f =]]aflj|[‘la_mf_]f rmkYee]f( r* =* af)^gd_] ngf @j‘gdmf_kYclanal|l]f( kgfkla_]f B]o|kk]jZ]fmlrmf_]f mf\ B]o|kk]jmfl]j‘Ydlmf_ kg)oa] \mj[‘ RYkk]jn]jc]‘j*

Df \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al kaf\ c]af] ka_fa^acYfl]f kgfkla_]f Yfl‘jghg_]f]f =]dYklmf_]f Z]cYffl*Dfk_]kYel _]k]‘]f akl \Yngf Ymkrm_]‘]f( \Ykk \a] Z]kl]‘]f\]f =]dYklmf_]f af \]j g* _* <jl c]af]o]k]flda[‘]f fY[‘l]ada_]f <mkoajcmf_]f Ym^ \]f UmklYf\ \]j B]o|kk]j \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al‘YZ]f* B]o|kk]jmfl]j‘Ydlmf_keY{fY‘e]f o]j\]f Ym^ [Y* /1 " \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]jklj][c]f\mj[‘_]^~‘jl* ?a]k] <Zk[‘fall] \][c]f ka[‘ g^l eal \]f]f klYjc]j Yfl‘jghg_]f]j egjh‘gdg_ak[‘]jQ]j|f\]jmf_]f*

<<&*&* :‘c\ReOaaS‘

IY[‘ <m^kl]ddmf_ \]j zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg_jYee] ^~j \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j mf\ \]e Qgjda]_]f ]jkl]jZro* ]j_|fr]f\]j H]kk\Yl]f omj\] \a] <fYdqk] \]j =]dYklmf_]f mf\ <mkoajcmf_]f Ymk \]e EY‘j.,,1 af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ~Z]jYjZ]al]l mf\ YclmYdaka]jl* De @j_]Zfak \a]k]j <clmYdaka]jmf_omj\] ^~j . Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j $BRF% \]j afk_]kYel /4 Ymk_]oa]k]f]f Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j c]af_ml]j e]f_]fe|{a_]j UmklYf\ kgoa] ^~j -/ BRF c]af _ml]j [‘]eak[‘]j UmklYf\ ^]kl_]kl]ddl* A~j\a]k] =]o]jlmf_ oYj]f \a] fY[‘^gd_]f\ _]fYffl]f <jl]f ngf ka_fa^acYfl]f =]dYklmf_]f eY{_])Z]f\6

· \a^^mk] Lm]dd]f mf\ Kmfclim]dd]f

· Bjmf\oYkk]j]flfY‘e]f

=]a \]j =]o]jlmf_ ‘afka[‘lda[‘ \]k [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\k akl rm Z]Y[‘l]f( \Ykk ^~j / Bjmf\oYkk]j)c}jh]j e]‘j]j] n]jk[‘a]\]f] =]dYklmf_kYjl]f _d]a[‘r]ala_ ^~j \a] @afk[‘|lrmf_ £k[‘d][‘l]j [‘]ea)k[‘]j UmklYf\¢ eY{_]Z]f\ oYj]f* Mmf\ 3, " $5 BRF% Ydd]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j ae k[‘d][‘l]f[‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\7 kaf\ Ym^_jmf\ ngf \mj[‘ <eegfameZ]dYklmf_]f ]af_]klm^l ogj\]f* * Df -]af]e BRF kaf\ Ydd]afa_ \a] IaljYlZ]dYklmf_]f Ymkk[‘dY__]Z]f\ _]o]k]f* Imj 1 " $. BRF% Ydd]jBjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al o]ak]f ]af]f k[‘d][‘l]f e]f_]fe|{a_]f UmklYf\Ym^*

R]_]f a‘j]j Z]kgf\]j]f =]\]mlmf_ ^~j \a] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] omj\]f \a] =]dYklmf_]f eal I|‘j)klg^^]f Ymk \a^^mk]f Lm]dd]f \]f oa[‘la_]f RYkk]jZ]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f rm_]gj\f]l*

<<&*&*&) Cc\YbcSZZS 5SZOabc\US\

<f\]jo]ala_] Kmfclim]dd]f o]j\]f af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al Z]ljY[‘l]l6

· <dldYkl]f mf\ YdldYkln]j\|[‘la_] Ad|[‘]f

· Fd|jYfdY_]f( \a] af \]f Pfl]j_jmf\ ]afd]al]f*

<dldYkl]f kl]dd]f af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al dgcYd] =]dYklmf_]f \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j \Yj* <m^Bjmf\ \]j <frY‘d \]j <dldYkl]f mf\ \]j klg^^da[‘]f <mkZj]almf_khgl]fraYd] oaj\( Z]rg_]f Ym^ \a]b]o]ada_]f B]kYel_jmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j( b]\g[‘ ^]kl_]kl]ddl( \Ykk c]af]j \]j <dldYkl]fklYf\gjl] _])]a_f]l akl( \a] [‘]eak[‘] =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al ]af]k Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jk ae _Yfr]f rm _]^|‘j\]f*

Ngfkla_] Kmfclim]dd]f kaf\ _]_]fo|jla_ fa[‘l Z]cYffl*

27

<<&*&*&* 7WTTcaS 5SZOabc\US\

?a] =]dYklmf_]f \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] eal I|‘jklg^^]f kaf\ afkZ]kgf\]j] Ym^\a^^mk]f @aflj|_] rmj~[crm^~‘j]f* <m^_jmf\ \]j Q]jeaf\]jmf_ \]j Nla[cklg^^~Z]jk[‘~kk] Ym^ \]fdYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f Imlr^d|[‘]f af \]f d]lrl]f EY‘j]f kaf\ \a] I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_] rmj~[c_]_Yf_]f*?a]k] M]\mra]jmf_ akl fg[‘ fa[‘l Ymkj]a[‘]f\ mf\ ‘Yl ka[‘ ZakdYf_ o]_]f \]j <m^]fl‘Ydlkr]al]f\]k Na[c]joYkk]jk af \]j mf_]k|lla_l]f =g\]frgf] mf\ \]j Bjmf\oYkk]j^da]{r]al]f Ym[‘ fg[‘fa[‘l ^d|[‘]f\][c]f\ e]kkZYj Ym^ \a] Bjmf\oYkk]jimYdal|l Ymk_]oajcl* ?a]k] @aflj|_] ^~‘j]f Z]a]loY ]af]e ?jall]d \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j rm ]af]e k[‘d][‘l]f [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\*

DfkZ]kgf\]j] Nla[cklg^^Z]dYklmf_]f c}ff]f ~Z]j \]f Bjmf\oYkk]jh^Y\ Ym^ JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j]afoajc]f* =]]aflj|[‘la_mf_]f \a^^mk]j Bjmf\oYkk]jZ]dYklmf_]f Ym^ _jmf\oYkk]jYZ‘|f_a_]GYf\}cgkqkl]e] kaf\ _]_]fo|jla_ fa[‘l Z]cYffl*

Umj @j^Ykkmf_ \a^^mk]j =]dYklmf_]f omj\]f ae Um_] \]j @jealldmf_]f hmfclZ]rg_]f] Deeakkagfk)\Yl]f \]k gZ]j]f _jg{^d|[‘a_ rmkYee]f‘|f_]f\]f Bjmf\oYkk]jd]al]jk j]_agfYdaka]jl* ?Yk @j_]Z)fak \]j M]_agfYdaka]jmf_ kaf\ ^d|[‘]f_]oa[‘l]l] Fgfr]fljYlagf]f b] mfl]jkm[‘l]e KYjYe]l]j $Ial)jYl( <eegfame( >‘dgja\( Nmd^Yl( FYdame mf\ ¡ kgo]al <fYdqk]f ngj‘Yf\]f oYj]f ¡ =gj%* Na] omj\]fYdk ^d|[‘]f‘Y^l] =]dYklmf_kk[‘o]jhmfcl] Ymk_]oa]k]f mf\ \a]f]f \]j ra]d_]ja[‘l]l]f HY{fY‘)e]fhdYfmf_ mf\ )n]jgjlmf_* ?a] =]dYklmf_k_]Za]l] f]‘e]f [Y* -, " \]j Ad|[‘] \]j Admkk_]Za]lk)]af‘]al ]af*

<<&*&*&+ JOaaS‘S\b\OV[S\

A~j \a] e]f_]fe|{a_]f =]dYklmf_]f omj\]f Ydd] ]jdYmZfakh^da[‘la_]f Bjmf\oYkk]j]flfY‘e]f af\]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al ]jeall]dl* Umj <Zk[‘|lrmf_ \]j e]f_]fe|{a_]f =]dYklmf_]f o]j\]f @fl)fY‘e]f mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jf]mZad\mf_ b]o]adk ^~j \a] Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j _]_]f~Z]j_]kl]ddl* ?a]@flfY‘e]f eY[‘]f \YfY[‘ ]af]f <fl]ad ngf mfl]j ,(1 Zak -2 " \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jf]mZad\mf_ Ymk*?a]k] <fl]ad] da]_]f \]mlda[‘ mfl]j‘YdZ \]k =]j]a[‘]k( \]f eYf ae <dd_]e]af]f Ydk fmlrZYj]kBjmf\oYkk]j\Yj_]Zgl Yffaeel* E]\g[‘ omj\] af ro]a Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf \]j AB@ o]al]j ]jeal)l]dl( \Ykk \a] \gjla_] e]f_]fe|{a_] Bjmf\oYkk]jZadYfr Ydk Yf_]khYffl Yf_]k]‘]f] o]j\]femkk( kg \Ykk \a]k] Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j af \]f fa[‘l _ml]f e]f_]fe|{a_]f UmklYf\ ]af_]klm^logj\]f kaf\*

Hal <mkfY‘e] \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j \]j Dfk]df PeeYfr( Qade mf\ Bj]a^koYd\]j Ja] Z]ljY_]f \a]@flfY‘e]kmee]f Z]rg_]f Ym^ \a] Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j b]o]adk ~Z]j -,, ev+\*

<mkoajcmf_]f ngf Bjmf\oYkk]j]flfY‘e]f Ym^ _jmf\oYkk]jYZ‘|f_a_] JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jg\]j GYf\}cgkqkl]e] kaf\ _]_]fo|jla_ fa[‘l Z]cYffl*

Bjmf\oYkk]jYfj]a[‘]jmf_]f ]pakla]j]f af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al fa[‘l*

<<&*&*&, F]\abWUS O\bV‘]^]US\S 5SSW\b‘pQVbWUc\US\

Ngfkla_] Yfl‘jghg_]f] =]]aflj|[‘la_mf_]f \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk kaf\ af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al \]j)r]al fa[‘l Z]cYffl*

28

<<&+ 8‘[WbbZc\U c\R >O‘bWS‘c\U RS‘ FQVcbhUSPWSbS "4‘bWYSZ . c\R4\VO\U <I 8:%JEE?#

DD*/*- B]Za]l] ^~j \a] @flfY‘e] ngf RYkk]j ^~j \]f e]fk[‘da[‘]f B]ZjYm[‘ + OjafcoYkk]jk[‘mlr)_]Za]l]

DD*/*. B]Za]l] rme N[‘mlr oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘ Z]\]ml]f\]j YimYlak[‘]j <jl]f $<f‘Yf_ DQ aa @B)RMMG%DD*/*/ @j‘gdmf_k_]o|kk]j+=Y\]_]o|kk]j $<f‘Yf_ DQ aaa @B)RMMG%DD*/*0 I|‘jklg^^k]fkaZd] B]Za]l]( ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ _]^|‘j\]l]j B]Za]l] fY[‘ \]j @B)IaljYlja[‘ldafa]

mf\ ]eh^af\da[‘]j B]Za]l] fY[‘ \]j @B)FgeemfYdYZoYkk]jja[‘ldafa] $<f‘* DQ an @B)RMMG%DD*/*1 @B)Qg_]dk[‘mlr) mf\ AAC)B]Za]l] $<f‘Yf_ DQ n @B)RMMG%DD*/*2 Aak[‘) mf\ Hmk[‘]d_]o|kk]j

<<&+&) :SPWSbS Tr‘ RWS 8\b\OV[S d]\ JOaaS‘ Tr‘ RS\ [S\aQVZWQVS\:SP‘OcQV’G‘W\YeOaaS‘aQVcbhUSPWSbS

OjafcoYkk]jk[‘mlr_]Za]l] o]j\]f Ydk B]Za]l] ^~j \a] @flfY‘e] ngf RYkk]j ^~j \]f e]fk[‘da[‘]fB]ZjYm[‘ ngf \]f rmkl|f\a_]f RYkk]jZ]‘}j\]f Ym^ Bjmf\dY_] \]k s -5 RCB af Q]jZaf\mf_ eal s-5 \]k GYf\]koYkk]j_]k]lr]k H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf $GRYB% \mj[‘ M][‘lkn]jgj\fmf_ ^]kl_])k]lrl*

Df \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] kaf\ 1/5 OjafcoYkk]jk[‘mlr_]Za]l] Ymk_]oa]k]f* >O‘bS - $FYjl]fYf)‘Yf_% ]fl‘|dl ]af] ?Yjkl]ddmf_ Ydd]j OjafcoYkk]jk[‘mlr_]Za]l]* ?a]k] f]‘e]f ]af] Ad|[‘] ngf/*3/4 ceu ]af( \a]k ]flkhja[‘l .3 " \]k @afrm_k_]Za]l]k \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al*

IY[‘ <jl* 3 @B)RMMG kaf\ Ydd] RYkk]jc}jh]j rm ]jeall]df( \a] ^~j \a] @flfY‘e] ngf RYkk]j ^~j \]fe]fk[‘da[‘]f B]ZjYm[‘ _]fmlrl o]j\]f mf\ Ymk \]f]f e]‘j Ydk -, ev RYkk]j l|_da[‘ ]flfge)e]f oaj\ g\]j Ymk \]f]f 1, K]jkgf]f mf\ e]‘j Z]\a]fl o]j\]f* A]jf]j kaf\ \a] ^~j ]af] ]flkhj])[‘]f\] c~f^la_] Imlrmf_ Z]klaeel]f RYkk]jc}jh]j Ymkrmo]ak]f*

@af JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j ¡ \a] RYjfgo ¡ mf\ Ydd] Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j \]k A]kldYf\]k af \]jAB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ]j^~dd]f \a] g* _* Fjal]ja]f*

Cafka[‘lda[‘ \]j UmklYf\kZ]k[‘j]aZmf_ \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j ^~j \a] @flfY‘e] ngf RYkk]j ^~j \]fe]fk[‘da[‘]f B]ZjYm[‘ oaj\ Ym^ FYhal]d DD*0*-*0 mf\ FYhal]d DD*0*-*.*0 n]joa]k]f*

<<&+&* :SPWSbS hc[ FQVcbh eW‘baQVOTbZWQV PSRScbS\RS‘ O_cObWaQVS‘ 4‘bS\"4\VO\U <I WW 8:%JEE?#

Df \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] kaf\ c]af] B]Za]l] rme N[‘mlr oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘ Z]\]ml]f\]j YimYlak[‘]j<jl]f Ymk_]oa]k]f*

<<&+&+ 8‘V]Zc\UaUSepaaS‘’5ORSUSepaaS‘ "4\VO\U <I WWW 8:%JEE?#

Df \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] kaf\ ..0 =Y\]_]o|kk]j $=Y\]kl]dd]f% _]e|{ Ma[‘ldafa] .,,2+3+@B Ymk)_]oa]k]f* ?Yngf da]_l ]af] Yf ]af]e Ada]{_]o|kk]jf( 3, da]_]f Yf NlYf\_]o|kk]jf mf\ -1/ YfF~kl]f_]o|kk]jf*

=Y\]_]o|kk]j mfl]jda]_]f \]j =Y\]_]o|kk]jn]jgj\fmf_ H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf nge 2* Emfa.,,4*

?a] gZ]jkl] B]kmf\‘]alkZ]‘}j\] ^~‘jl ]af] Gakl] \]j =Y\]_]o|kk]jk mf\ eY[‘l ka] rmkYee]f ealo]al]j]f Df^gjeYlagf]f ~Z]j =Y\]_]o|kk]j Z]cYffl* >O‘bS . $FYjl]fYf‘Yf_% ]fl‘|dl ]af] ?Yjkl]d)dmf_ \]j =Y\]_]o|kk]j \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al*

29

<<&+&, ApV‘ab]TTaS\aWPZS :SPWSbS$ SW\aQVZWSoZWQV USTpV‘RSbS‘ :SPWSbS \OQV RS‘8:%AWb‘Ob‘WQVbZW\WS c\R S[^TW\RZWQVS‘ :SPWSbS \OQV RS‘ 8:%>][[c\OZOPeOaaS‘‘WQVbZW\WS "4\VO\U <I Wd 8:%JEE?#

?a] =mf\]kj]hmZdac ?]mlk[‘dYf\ ‘Yl _]e|{ <jlac]d 1 \]j Ma[‘ldafa] 5-+232+@RB ngf \]j H}_da[‘)c]al B]ZjYm[‘ _]eY[‘l( c]af] _]^|‘j\]l]f B]Za]l] Ymkrmo]ak]f* Ngeal o]j\]f \a] <clagfkhjg)_jYee] _]e|{ <jlac]d 1 ae _]kYel]f =mf\]k_]Za]l mf\ \Yeal Ym[‘ af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]\mj[‘_]^~‘jl*

?a] _]kYel] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ \]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j omj\] eal \]j FgeemfYdYZ)oYkk]jn]jgj\fmf_ Ydk ]eh^af\da[‘]k B]Za]l _]e|{ Ma[‘ldafa] 5-+.3-+@RB Ymk_]oa]k]f*

<<&+&- 8:%I]USZaQVcbh% c\R 99;%:SPWSbS

?a] =]klaeemf_ \]j B]Za]l] _]e|{ Ma[‘ldafa] 5.+0/+@RB mf\ Ma[‘ldafa] 35+,5+@RB( ^~j \a] \a]@j‘Ydlmf_ g\]j Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]k B]o|kk]jrmklYf\]k mf\ RYkk]j‘Ymk‘Ydl]k ngf =]\]mlmf_ akl(^gd_l ae o]k]flda[‘]f \]j nge =mf\]kYel ^~j IYlmjk[‘mlr ]floa[c]dl]f Gakl] ngf oYkk]jYZ‘|f_a)_]f G]Z]fkjYmelqh]f mf\ <jl]f*

Df \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al Z]^af\]f ka[‘ afk_]kYel --- oYkk]jYZ‘|f_a_] B]Za]l] _]e|{ Ma[‘ldafa]5.+0/+@RB* Na] f]‘e]f -2 " \]j Ad|[‘] \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ \]j F~kl]f_]o|k)k]j ]af* ?]k R]al]j]f ]pakla]j]f Y[‘l oYkk]jYZ‘|f_a_] B]Za]l] _]e|{ Ma[‘ldafa] 35+0,5+@RB eal]af]j B]kYel^d|[‘] ngf /*-0, ceu* ?a]k ]flkhja[‘l -1 " \]j Ad|[‘] \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al ]af)k[‘da]{da[‘ \]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j*

?a] B]Za]l] rme N[‘mlr ngf oYkk]jYZ‘|f_a_]f G]Z]fkj|me]f mf\ <jl]f kaf\ af \]e ngf \]j @P)Fgeeakkagf Z]kl|la_l]e Pe^Yf_ af >O‘bS / $FYjl]fYf‘Yf_% \Yj_]kl]ddl* zZ]jka[‘lkcYjl]f \]j ]j)_|frl]f( Zak‘]j ngf \]j @P)Fgeeakkagf ZakdYf_ fg[‘ fa[‘l Z]kl|la_l]f( Yclm]dd]f <mko]akmf_ \]jB]Za]l] eal B]e]afk[‘Y^lda[‘]j =]\]mlmf_ ^~j H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf c}ff]f ~Z]j \]f ^gd)_]f\]f Gafc ]af_]k]‘]f mf\ ‘]jmfl]j_]dY\]f o]j\]f6http://www.lung.mv-regierung.de/insite/cms/umwelt/natur/schutzgebiete/schutzgebiete_karten.htm

<<&+&. 9WaQV% c\R @caQVSZUSepaaS‘

Df \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al kaf\ \a] Pfl]j] RYjfgo mf\ \a] =]c] Ydk Aak[‘_]o|kk]j _]e|{ Ma[‘lda)fa] 34+215+@RB Ymk_]oa]k]f* Na] omj\]f \mj[‘ \a] Aak[‘_]o|kk]jn]jgj\fmf_ H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf Ydk NYdegfa\]f) $=]c]% Zro* >qhjafa\]f_]o|kk]j $Pfl]j] RYjfgo% ^]kl_]k]lrl* ?a]Aak[‘_]o|kk]j kaf\ af FYjl] .3 \]k =]ja[‘l]k rmj =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] \Yj_]kl]ddl*

Hmk[‘]d_]o|kk]j _]e|{ Ma[‘ldafa] 35+5./+@RB kaf\ af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al fa[‘l ngj‘Yf\]f*

30

<<&, :SepaaS‘rPS‘eOQVc\Ua^‘]U‘O[[S c\R 8‘USP\WaaS RS‘ Lc%abO\RaPSeS‘bc\U RS‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ c\R 5SeS‘bc\U RSa Lc%abO\Ra RS‘ FQVcbhUSPWSbS

QgjZ]e]jcmf_]fDD*0*- JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jDD*0*-*- zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg_jYee JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jDD*0*-*. ycgdg_ak[‘]j UmklYf\ + ycgdg_ak[‘]k Kgl]flaYd \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jDD*0*-*/ >‘]eak[‘]j UmklYf\ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jDD*0*-*0 UmkYee]f^Ykk]f\] UmklYf\kZ]k[‘j]aZmf_ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]jDD*0*. Bjmf\oYkk]jDD*0*.*- zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg_jYee Bjmf\oYkk]jDD*0*.*. >‘]eak[‘]j UmklYf\ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jkDD*0*.*/ H]f_]fe|{a_]j UmklYf\ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk

DD*0*/ N[‘mlr_]Za]l]DD*0*/*- UmklYf\ \]j B]Za]l] ^~j \a] @flfY‘e] ngf RYkk]j ^~j \]f e]fk[‘da[‘]f B]ZjYm[‘

fY[‘ <jlac]d 3 @B)RMMGDD*0*/*. UmklYf\ o]al]j]j N[‘mlr_]Za]l]

I]‘PS[S‘Yc\US\

IY[‘ <jlac]d 4 \]j @B)RYkk]jjY‘e]fja[‘ldafa] $RMMG% kaf\ ^~j \a] zZ]joY[‘mf_ \]j B]o|kk]j $J)Z]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j( Bjmf\oYkk]j% kgoa] ^~j Z]klaeel] N[‘mlr_]Za]l] Kjg_jYee] Ym^rmkl]dd]f(\a] ]af]f rmkYee]f‘|f_]f\]f mf\ me^Ykk]f\]f zZ]jZda[c ~Z]j \]f UmklYf\ \]j B]o|kk]j ]j)e}_da[‘]f* =]a \]f JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jf me^Ykk]f \a] Kjg_jYee] \a] zZ]joY[‘mf_ \]k }cgdg)_ak[‘]f mf\ [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\k* =]a ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl]f mf\ c~fklda[‘]f B]o|kk]jf kaf\ \Yk}cgdg_ak[‘] Kgl]flaYd mf\ \]j [‘]eak[‘] UmklYf\ rm ~Z]joY[‘]f* =]a Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf me)^Ykk]f \a] Kjg_jYee] \a] zZ]joY[‘mf_ \]k [‘]eak[‘]f mf\ e]f_]fe|{a_]f UmklYf\k* =]aN[‘mlr_]Za]l]f kaf\ ae =]kgf\]j]f _]e|{ <jl* 4 mf\ <f‘Yf_ Q Ij* -*/*1 RMMG zZ]joY[‘mf_k)hjg_jYee] Ym^rmkl]dd]f( me \a] kh]ra]dd]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f \]j _]e]afk[‘Y^lda[‘]f M][‘lkngj)k[‘ja^l]f rm ]j^~dd]f*

?a]k] Kjg_jYee] kaf\ af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f] Zak @f\] .,,2 fY[‘ \]f Qgj_Y)Z]f \]j RMMG Ym^_]kl]ddl ogj\]f* ?]j Fgeeakkagf omj\] rme /-* H|jr .,,3 ]af =]ja[‘l ngj_]d]_l(\]j \a] <fo]f\mf_kZ]j]alk[‘Y^l \]j rme ..*-.*.,,2 Ym^_]kl]ddl]f Pfl]jkm[‘mf_khjg_jYee]\gcme]fla]jl* ?Yk FYhal]d _j]a^l \a] o]k]flda[‘]f Df‘Ydl] \a]k]k =]ja[‘lk Ym^*

Um \]f oa[‘la_kl]f Ua]d]f \]k Hgfalgjaf_k r|‘d]f6

· zZ]jhj~^mf_ mf\ <clmYdaka]jmf_ \]j ngjd|m^a_]f @j_]Zfakk] \]j =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] kgoa]zZ]jhj~^mf_ \]j @af‘Ydlmf_ \]j Peo]dlra]d](

· @je}_da[‘mf_ ]af]j @P)]af‘]alda[‘]f FdYkka^ara]jmf_ \]j B]o|kk]j(

· =]gZY[‘lmf_ dYf_^jakla_]j @floa[cdmf_]f mf\ @jealldmf_ ngf Oj]f\k(

· Cad^] Z]a \]j KdYfmf_ mf\ @j^gd_kcgfljgdd] ngf HY{fY‘e]f(

· A]klkl]ddmf_ \]k <mkeY{]k mf\ \]j <mkoajcmf_]f ngf Q]jk[‘emlrmf_]f kgoa]

· zZ]joY[‘mf_ ngf N[‘mlr_]Za]l]f*

A~j ]af] B]o|kk]jrmklYf\kZ]o]jlmf_ kaf\ rmn]jd|kka_] mf\ n]j_d]a[‘ZYj] @j_]Zfakk] ]af] o])k]flda[‘] QgjYmkk]lrmf_* Um \a]k]e Uo][c o]j\]f afl]jfYlagfYd YZ_]klaeel] KjgZ]fY‘e])( <fY)dqk]) mf\ =]o]jlmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f ]af_]k]lrl( kgo]al ]flkhj][‘]f\] klYf\Yj\aka]jl] Q]j^Y‘j]f n]j)^~_ZYj kaf\* A~j \a] Zagdg_ak[‘]f LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f omj\]f \]mlk[‘dYf\o]al ]af‘]alda[‘]=]hjgZmf_k) mf\ =]o]jlmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f ]floa[c]dl* ?a] FdYkk]f_j]fr]f \]j Zagdg_ak[‘]f =]o]j)lmf_ omj\]f ae ]mjgh|ak[‘]f Dfl]jcYdaZja]jmf_khjgr]kk _]]a[‘l( me ]af ]af‘]alda[‘]k Q]jkl|f\fak

31

\]j UmklYf\kZ]o]jlmf_ \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j $k]‘j _ml]j( _ml]j( e|{a_]j UmklYf\% rm ]jj]a[‘]f* A~j\a] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j akl \]j ]mjgh|ak[‘] Dfl]jcYdaZja]jmf_khjgr]kk Ym^ Bjmf\ \]j fg[‘ mf_]f~_]f)\]f ?Yl]fdY_] fa[‘l ngddkl|f\a_ YZ_]k[‘dgkk]f* ?a] <Zklaeemf_]f o]j\]f ^gjl_]k]lrl* <m[‘ aeBjmf\oYkk]j ‘Yl eYf ka[‘ Ym^ ]af‘]alda[‘] =]o]jlmf_keY{kl|Z] Z]a \]j A]kld]_mf_ \]k [‘]ea)k[‘]f UmklYf\k n]jkl|f\a_l*

?a] Hgfalgjaf_hjg_jYee] o]j\]f Yf_]oYf\l* @k akl \Yngf Ymkrm_]‘]f( \Ykk \a] Zagdg_ak[‘]fQ]j^Y‘j]f fY[‘ Zj]al]j <fo]f\mf_ fg[‘ Hg\a^acYlagf]f ]j^Y‘j]f o]j\]f( me \a] _]^gj\]jl] Um)n]jd|kka_c]al mf\ B]fYma_c]al ka[‘]jrmkl]dd]f*

?Yj~Z]j ‘afYmk Z]j~[cka[‘la_l \Yk zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg_jYee <f^gj\]jmf_]f Ymk \]f Z]j]alk Z])kl]‘]f\]f @B)Ma[‘ldafa]f $.,,2+--+@B( .,,2+--4+@B( 5-+232+@RB( 34+215+@RB( 35+5./+@RB(5.+0/+@RB mf\ 33+351+@RB% kgoa] Ymk \]e H]]j]kk[‘mlrYZcgee]f C@G>JH mf\ \]j Og[‘l]j)ja[‘ldafa] Kjagjal|j] Nlg^^]*

De <jlac]d 0 @B)RMMG o]j\]f ^~j Ydd] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al]f ^gd_]f\] Peo]dlra]d] ^~j JZ]j^d|)[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j ^gjemda]jl6

· \Yk Q]j‘af\]jf ]af]j Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_ \]k UmklYf\k Ydd]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j(

· \Yk @jj]a[‘]f eaf\]kl]fk ]af]k _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f mf\ [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\k \]j fYl~jda)[‘]f JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j af \]j M]_]d -1 EY‘j] fY[‘ DfcjY^llj]l]f \]j Ma[‘ldafa](

· \Yk @jj]a[‘]f ]af]k eaf\]kl]fk _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f Kgl]fraYdk mf\ ]af]k _ml]f [‘]ea)k[‘]f UmklYf\k \]j c~fklda[‘]f mf\ ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl]f JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j af\]j M]_]d -1 EY‘j] fY[‘ DfcjY^llj]l]f \]j Ma[‘ldafa] kgoa]

· \a] k[‘jallo]ak] M]\mra]jmf_ \]j Q]jk[‘emlrmf_ \mj[‘ hjagjal|j] Nlg^^] mf\ \Yk =]]f\]fg\]j \a] k[‘jallo]ak] @afkl]ddmf_ ngf @afd]almf_]f mf\ Yf\]j]f @eakkagf]f hjagjal|j _])^|‘jda[‘]j Nlg^^]*

=]ae Bjmf\oYkk]j _]‘l ]k \Yjme(

· \a] @afd]almf_ ngf N[‘Y\klg^^]f rm n]j‘af\]jf g\]j rm Z]_j]fr]f mf\ ]af] Q]jk[‘d][‘l])jmf_ \]k UmklYf\k Ydd]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j rm n]j‘af\]jf(

· \]f _ml]f [‘]eak[‘]f mf\ e]f_]fe|{a_]f UmklYf\ rm ]jj]a[‘]f(

· Ydd] ka_fa^acYfl]f mf\ Yf‘Ydl]f\]f Oj]f\k ]af]j Nl]a_]jmf_ ngf N[‘Y\klg^^]f mermc]‘j]fmf\ kg \a] Q]jk[‘emlrmf_ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk k[‘jallo]ak] rm j]\mra]j]f*

?a] @j_]Zfakk] \]k Hgfalgjaf_k \a]f]f afkZ]kgf\]j] \]j zZ]joY[‘mf_ \]j ^~j \a] AB@ RYj)fgo+K]]f] mf\ \]j af <jlac]d 0 @B)RMMG ^]kl_]d]_l]f Peo]dlra]d]* ?Yj~Z]j ‘afYmk Zad\]f ka] \a]Bjmf\dY_] ^~j \]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf mf\ \Yk HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee* <m^_jmf\ \]j <f^gj\])jmf_]f \]j @B)RMMG oYj ]af] <fhYkkmf_ \]j Z]kl]‘]f\]f B]o|kk]j~Z]joY[‘mf_ fglo]f\a_* DfFgeZafYlagf eal =]dYklmf_kYfYdqk] mf\ <fYdg_a]k[‘d~kk]f oaj\ \mj[‘ \a] H]kkmf_]f ae B]o|k)k]j ]af] ^d|[‘]f\][c]f\] B]o|kk]jZ]o]jlmf_ mf\ ]af] Z]dYklZYj] Bjmf\dY_] ^~j \]f oYkk]joajl)k[‘Y^lda[‘]f Qgddrm_ _]k[‘Y^^]f*

?a] zZ]joY[‘mf_ \]k UmklYf\]k \]j B]o|kk]j akl \Yk ngf \]j RMMG ngj_]k]‘]f] Fgfljgddafkljm)e]fl ^~j \a] @j^~ddmf_ \]j ngf \]j @P ngj_]_]Z]f]f Ua]d]( afkZ]kgf\]j] \]j Na[‘]jmf_ g\]j Q]j)Z]kk]jmf_ \]k UmklYf\k \]j B]o|kk]j* ?a] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f e~kk]f \Yrm rmn]jd|kka_] mf\ j]hjg)\mra]jZYj] <mkkY_]f ]je}_da[‘]f* ?Yk zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg_jYee kl]ddl ka[‘]j( \Ykk \a] <f^gj\])jmf_]f \]k <f‘Yf_]k Q @B)RMMG me_]k]lrl o]j\]f* ?a] zZ]jYjZ]almf_ mf\ <fhYkkmf_ \]j H]kk)n]j^Y‘j]f mf\ \]k H]kkf]lr]k ]j^gj\]jf af \]f cgee]f\]f EY‘j]f fY[‘ <mko]jlmf_ \]j @j_]Z)fakk] ]af] dYm^]f\] Agjlk[‘j]aZmf_ mf\ Jhlaea]jmf_ \]j zZ]joY[‘mf_*

32

?Yk zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg_jYee kl]ddl ]af] Yf \a] af \]f IY[‘ZYj^dmkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al]f Yf_]d]‘fl]Qgj_]‘]fko]ak] af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] \Yj*

R]_]f \]j _jmf\k|lrda[‘]f Pfl]jk[‘a]\] \]j zZ]joY[‘mf_ ngf JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jf $Ada]{_])o|kk]j( N]]f( F~kl]f_]o|kk]j% mf\ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk o]j\]f \a] zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg_jYee] aeAgd_]f\]f af _]lj]ffl]f FYhal]df Z]‘Yf\]dl*

<<&,&) BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘

<<&,&)&) nPS‘eOQVc\Ua^‘]U‘O[[ BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘

?Yk zZ]joY[‘mf_kf]lr emkk kg Ymk_]d]_l k]af( \Ykk ka[‘ me^Ykk]f\] mf\ cg‘|j]fl] @jc]fflfakk]rme }cgdg_ak[‘]f mf\ [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\ \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j _]oaff]f dYkk]f* ?a] RMMG mfl]j)k[‘]a\]l \YZ]a6

· \a] nPS‘PZWQYarPS‘eOQVc\U(

· \a] ]^S‘ObWdS nPS‘eOQVc\U mf\

· \a] nPS‘eOQVc\U hc 8‘[WbbZc\UaheSQYS\*

?a] \j]a zZ]joY[‘mf_kYjl]f n]j^gd_]f mfl]jk[‘a]\da[‘] Ua]d]( \a] mfl]jk[‘a]\da[‘] zZ]joY)[‘mf_khYjYe]l]j( )e]kkkl]dd]f mf\ )^j]im]fr]f ]j^gj\]jf* @afr]df] H]kkkl]dd]f( KYjYe]l]j mf\H]kk^j]im]fr]f c}ff]f e]‘j]j]f zZ]joY[‘mf_kYjl]f rm_]gj\f]l o]j\]f*

7WS nPS‘PZWQYarPS‘eOQVc\U RS‘ BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘

Hal \]j zZ]jZda[ck~Z]joY[‘mf_ kgdd ]af] =]o]jlmf_ \]k B]kYelrmklYf\]k \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|k)k]j _]o|‘jd]akl]l mf\ \a] e}_da[‘]f dYf_^jakla_]f Q]j|f\]jmf_]f \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j ]j^Ykkl o]j)\]f* ?a]k ]j^gd_l Yf j]hj|k]flYlan]f mf\ ^~j \a] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al Z]\]ml]f\]f H]kkkl]dd]f mf\\a]fl

· \]j @j_|frmf_ mf\ QYda\a]jmf_ \]j =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] \]k =]ja[‘l]k fY[‘ <jl* 1 kgoa] \]j_]f]j]dd]f =]k[‘j]aZmf_ \]k B]kYelrmklYf\k \]j B]o|kk]j af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al(

· \]j oajckYe]f mf\ ]^^ara]fl]f B]klYdlmf_ \]j c~f^la_]f zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg_jYee](

· \]j =]o]jlmf_ dYf_^jakla_]j Q]j|f\]jmf_]f \]j fYl~jda[‘]f B]_]Z]f‘]al]f(

· \]j =]o]jlmf_ dYf_^jakla_]j Q]j|f\]jmf_]f Ym^_jmf\ Ymk_]\]‘fl]j e]fk[‘da[‘]j O|la_)c]al]f

· \]j zZ]joY[‘mf_ \]k Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_kn]jZglk kgoa] Oj]f\) mf\ AjY[‘l]jealldmf_]fmf\

· \]j @^^ara]frZ]o]jlmf_ \mj[‘_]^~‘jl]j HY{fY‘e]f ae ]jkl]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kr]aljYme*

?a] zZ]jZda[ck~Z]joY[‘mf_ oaj\ fY[‘ RMMG Yf Nl]dd]f \mj[‘_]^~‘jl(

· Yf \]f]f \]j <Z^dmkk Z]rg_]f Ym^ \a] _]kYel] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f] Z]\]m)l]f\ akl7 \a]k k[‘da]{l Nl]dd]f Yf _jg{]f Ad~kk]f ]af( Yf \]f]f \Yk @afrm_k_]Za]l _jmf\k|lr)da[‘ _j}{]j Ydk .*1,, ce. akl(

· Yf \]f]f \Yk Qgdme]f \]k ngj‘Yf\]f]f RYkk]jk ^~j \a] AB@( ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ _j}{]j]jNlYf\_]o|kk]j( c]ffr]a[‘f]f\ akl( r* =* N]]f eal ]af]e Qgdme]f ~Z]j 1, Haddagf]f Fm)Zace]l]jf(

33

· Yf \]f]f Z]\]ml]f\] RYkk]jc}jh]j ka[‘ ~Z]j \a] Bj]fr]f ]af]k Hal_da]\klYYl]k ‘afYmk]jklj][c]f(

· \a] ]flkhj][‘]f\ \]j @flk[‘]a\mf_ 33+351+@RB ~Z]j \]f Df^gjeYlagfkYmklYmk[‘ Ymk_])oa]k]f o]j\]f mf\

· \a] rmj N[‘|lrmf_ \]j \a] NlYYlk_j]fr]f \]j Hal_da]\klYYl]f ~Z]jk[‘j]al]f\]f mf\ af \a]H]]j]kmeo]dl _]dYf_]f\]f N[‘Y\klg^^Z]dYklmf_]f Z]f}la_l o]j\]f*

R|‘j]f\ \]j B]dlmf_k\Ym]j \]k =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfk e~kk]f Yf b]\]j zZ]jZda[cke]kkkl]dd]KYjYe]l]j ^~j Ydd] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f ~Z]joY[‘l o]j\]f* ?YZ]a o]j\]f eaf\]kl]fk \a] af<f‘Yf_ Q Ij* -*/*0 @B)RMMG Ym^_]^~‘jl]f zZ]joY[‘mf_k^j]im]fr]f ]af_]‘Ydl]f( kgo]al fa[‘l Ymk^Y[‘da[‘]f Bj~f\]f _j}{]j] zZ]joY[‘mf_kafl]jnYdd] _]j][‘l^]jla_l kaf\* AjY[‘le]kkkl]dd]f ^~jI|‘j) mf\ N[‘Y\klg^^] kaf\ Ym[‘ ae H~f\mf_kZ]j]a[‘ Z]\]ml]f\]j I]Z]f_]o|kk]j ngf RYjfgomf\ K]]f] ]af_]ja[‘l]l( me f]Z]f \]f AjY[‘lYZk[‘|lrmf_]f ae MY‘e]f \]k C@G>JH)zZ]j]afcgee]fk rme N[‘mlr \]j H]]j]kmeo]dl \]j Jklk]] \a] fglo]f\a_]f ?Yl]f ^~j \a] ~Z]j)j]_agfYd] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfmf_ fY[‘ RMMG ]jeall]df rm c}ff]f*

?]f zZ]jZda[cke]kkkl]dd]f af Ada]{_]o|kk]jf kaf\ _]]a_f]l] ?mj[‘^dmkkh]_]d rm_]gj\f]l( o]d[‘]^~j \a] Z]lj]^^]f\]f B]o|kk]jhjg^ad] klYlaklak[‘ _]ka[‘]jl] =]j][‘fmf_]f ngf AjY[‘l]f ]je}_da)[‘]f*

R]ff eal \]f af \]j RMMG ngj_]_]Z]f]f zZ]joY[‘mf_k^j]im]fr]f \]j zZ]jZda[ck~Z]joY[‘mf__jg{]f N[‘oYfcmf_kZj]al]f ngf h‘qkacYdak[‘)[‘]eak[‘]f mf\ Zagdg_ak[‘]f LmYdal|lkcgehgf]f)l]f fa[‘l ‘afj]a[‘]f\ M][‘fmf_ _]ljY_]f o]j\]f cYff mf\ \Yeal c]af] n]jd|kkda[‘]f <mkkY_]f rm@floa[cdmf_klj]f\k af \]f B]o|kk]jf e}_da[‘ kaf\( o]j\]f ]j_|fr]f\] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f \mj[‘)_]^~‘jl( \a] Ym[‘ \]j gh]jYlan]f zZ]joY[‘mf_ Zro* \]j zZ]joY[‘mf_ rm @jealldmf_kro][c]frm_]gj\f]l o]j\]f c}ff]f*

Ada]{_]o|kk]j

Df \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] o]j\]f 3 H]kkkl]dd]f ae zZ]jZda[cke]kkf]lr _]^~‘jl* <dd] 3 H]kkkl]dd]fda]_]f af AAC)B]Za]l]f $G]Z]fkjYmelqh /.2,%( . ngf a‘f]f _d]a[‘r]ala_ af @B)Qg_]dk[‘mlr_]Za]l]f* OYZ]dd] DD*0)- _aZl ]af] zZ]jka[‘l ~Z]j \Yk zZ]jZda[cke]kkf]lr Ada]{_]o|k)k]j* ?a] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_k^j]im]fr]f ]flkhj][‘]f \]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f _]e|{ <f‘Yf_ Q Ij* -*/*0RMMG mf\ kaf\ af OYZ]dd] DD*0). rmkYee]f_]^Ykkl*

GOPSZZS <<&,%)6 hMP\MVTNU]WP]]XP^d 9VTPiRPaj]]P\

B]o|kk]j)fYe]

H]kkkl]dd] @afrm_k_])Za]l VceuW

=]YjZ]almf_k)_]Za]l

M]hj|k]fla]jl] O]ad_]Za]l]

K]]f] <fcdYeCY^]f

1*,/, K]]f] Pfl]j] K]]f] mf\ gZ]j‘YdZ da]_]f)\] O]ad_]Za]l]

RYjfgo F]kkaf /*,04 RYjfgo Pfl]j] mf\ Halld]j] RYjfgo kgoa]gZ]j‘YdZ da]_]f\] O]ad_]Za]l]

Ogdd]fk] ?]eeaf -*4.5 K]]f] Pfl]j] Ogdd]fk] mf\ gZ]j‘YdZ da])_]f\] O]ad_]Za]l]

I]Z]d Rgdc]f 55. RYjfgo I]Z]d

Oj]Z]d Rgl]fa[c 513 K]]f] Oj]Z]d

M][cfalr MaZfalr)?Ye_Yjl]f

225 F~kl]f_]Za]lJkl

M][cfalr

I]Z]d <‘j]fk‘Y_]f ./5 RYjfgo I]Z]d

34

?Y Ym{]j \]f fYe]fk_]Z]f\]f Ad~kk]f RYjfgo mf\ K]]f] af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al ngjoa])_]f\ cd]af] Ad~kk] rm ^af\]f kaf\( \a] \Yk .*1,, ceu)Fjal]jame fa[‘l ]j^~dd]f( omj\]f Ym[‘ Ada]{)_]o|kk]j eal cd]af]j]f @afrm_k_]Za]l]f( \a] Ymk GYf\]kka[‘l ^~j \a] AB@ Z]\]ml]f\ kaf\( af \a]zZ]jZda[ck~Z]joY[‘mf_ Ym^_]fgee]f* ?a] I]Z]d Z]a <‘j]fk‘Y_]f omj\] Ym^_jmf\ a‘j]j =]\]m)lmf_ Ydk Oj]f\e]kkkl]dd] eal dYf_b|‘ja_]f ?Yl]fj]a‘]f ljglr a‘j]k j]dYlan cd]af]f @afrm_k_]Za]lk af\a] zZ]jZda[ck~Z]joY[‘mf_ Ym^_]fgee]f* ?a] @j_]Zfakk] \]j zZ]jZda[ck~Z]joY[‘mf_ af \]j AB@RYjfgo+K]]f] o]j\]f \mj[‘ Ymk_]o|‘dl] gh]jYlan] H]kkkl]dd]f( \a] cd]af]j] O]ad_]Za]l] YZ\])[c]f( ]j_|frl*

GOPSZZS <<&,%*2 HX^P\]_NS_XR]Q\P[_PXdPX hMP\MVTNU]WP]]XP^d 9VTPiRPaj]]P\

5W]Z]UWaQVS DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\

K‘qlghdYfclgf3p+EY‘j( Ydd] / ¡ 2 EY‘j](

fmj af hdYfclgf\geafa]jl]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jf

HYcjgh‘ql]f( K‘qlgZ]fl‘gk -p+EY‘j( Ydd] / ¡ 2 EY‘j]

HYcjgrggZ]fl‘gk eaf\]kl]fk -p+EY‘j( Ydd] / ¡ 2 EY‘j]

Aak[‘]eaf\]kl]fk - ¡ .p Ydd] / ¡ 2EY‘j](

Yclm]dd]j NlYf\ \]k =]o]jlmf_kn]j^Y‘j]fk ]eh^a]‘dl/ =]^ak[‘mf_]f aff]j‘YdZ ngf 2 EY‘j]f

;gR‘][]‘^V]Z]UWaQVS DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\

?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al

B]o|kk]jegjh‘gdg_a]

cgflafma]jda[‘] Agjlk[‘j]aZmf_(eaf\]kl]fk ]afeYd af 2 EY‘j]f <clmYdaka]jmf_

Cq\jgdg_a] cgflafma]jda[‘

6VS[WaQVS DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\

<dd_]e]af] [‘]eak[‘)h‘qkacYdak[‘]LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f

$afcd* Nlg^^] \]k <f‘Yf_k QDDD -,)-.%eaf\]kl]fk -/p+EY‘j( b|‘jda[‘

kh]ra^ak[‘] N[‘Y\klg^^] $<f‘Yf_ QDDD -)5%-/p+EY‘j( eaf\* -p af 2 EY‘j]f7

Z]a j]d]nYfl]f @aflj|_]f b|‘jda[‘

Nlg^^] $<f‘Yf_ DS%0p+EY‘j( eaf\]kl]fk -p af 2 EY‘j]f(

Z]a zZ]jk[‘j]almf_ \]j Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje b|‘jda[‘

Kjagjal|j] Nlg^^] $<f‘Yf_ S% -.p+EY‘j( eaf\]kl]fk -p af 2 EY‘j]f Z]a @afd]almf_(Z]a zZ]jk[‘j]almf_ \]j Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje b|‘jda[‘

N[‘Y\klg^^] af o]al]j]f @B)MG$IaljYlja[‘ldafa]% -.p+EY‘j( eaf\]kl]fk -p af 2 EY‘j]f

35

?a] zZ]jZda[cke]kkkl]dd]f da]_]f af \]j M]_]d af RYkk]jc}jh]jf( \a] \a] Peo]dlra]d] ngjYmkka[‘l)da[‘ ae ]jkl]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kr]aljYme fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘]f o]j\]f* ?a] ngj_]k]‘]f]f Pfl]jkm)[‘mf_k^j]im]fr]f _]f~_]f \Y‘]j Ym[‘ \]f ^~j \a] gh]jYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_ ]j^gj\]jda[‘]f H]kk)^j]im]fr]f*

NlYf\_]o|kk]j

Df \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] o]j\]f 5 RYkk]jc}jh]j af NlYf\_]o|kk]jf ~Z]jZda[cko]ak] ~Z]joY[‘l*3 \a]k]j RYkk]jc}jh]j da]_]f af AAC)B]Za]l]f( / ngf \a]k]f mf\ ]af o]al]j]j RYkk]jc}jh]j da]_]faf ]af]e @B)Qg_]dk[‘mlr_]Za]l* GOPSZZS <<&,%+ _aZl ]af] zZ]jka[‘l ~Z]j \a]k] N]]f* ?a] Pfl]jkm)[‘mf_k^j]im]fr]f ^~j \a] zZ]jZda[ck~Z]joY[‘mf_ \]j NlYf\_]o|kk]j ]flkhj][‘]f \]f af <f‘Yf_Q Ij* -*/*0 RMMG _]fYffl]f Qgj_YZ]f* ?a]k] kl]dd]f Haf\]klYf^gj\]jmf_]f \Yj( \a] af \a] Zmf)\]ko]al ]floa[c]dl]f =]o]jlmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f afl]_ja]jl mf\ \gjl ^Y[‘da[‘ mfl]jk]lrl omj\]f( me \a]ngf \]j RMMG _]^gj\]jl] Umn]jd|kka_c]al mf\ B]fYma_c]al \]j =]o]jlmf_k]j_]Zfakk] ka[‘]jrmkl]d)d]f* ?Yk ]jkleYda_] zZ]jZda[ckegfalgjaf_ \]j NlYf\_]o|kk]j oaj\ .,,5 YZ_]k[‘dgkk]f k]af*

GOPSZZS <<&,%+2 hMP\MVTNU]WP]]XP^d F^LXORPaj]]P\

FSS\O[S 9ZpQVSMVON

I]Zc[S\M[kN

8W\hcUaUSPWSbMY[jN

=gj_oYddk]] /44(4 5*-52*31. .4(.>gfn]fl]j N]] 5-(0 5-2*1/0 /5(,

FjYcgo]j JZ]jk]] 354(3 15*24/*55. -21(5FjYcgo]j Pfl]jk]] 3,4(0 1-*.33*-,0 -21(5

=~lrgo]j N]] 54(- -*,.0*20, .,(/$@a_]f]afrm_k_]Za]l%

Fmee]jgo]j N]] /*.10(4 .2.*52,*,,, -*.,-(4HYd[‘af]j N]] -*/51(. /1*/-,*,,, ..0(.?j]oalr]j N]] 25-(4 23*/30*/-- .0(/

Ogdd]fk]k]] -*345(2 /-1*45/*35. 1.0(0

F~kl]f_]o|kk]j

?Yk zZ]jZda[ck~Z]joY[‘mf_ke]kkf]lr \]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYj)fgo+K]]f] me^Ykkl 0 H]kkkl]dd]f* ?Yngf da]_]f / H]kkkl]dd]f af AAC)B]Za]l]f( ogZ]a . \]j Z]lj]^)^]f\]f RYkk]jc}jh]j _d]a[‘r]ala_ Ydk @B)Qg_]dk[‘mlr_]Za]l Ymk_]oa]k]f kaf\* ?a] RYkk]jc}jh]jmf\ H]kkkl]dd]f kaf\ af OYZ]dd] DD*0)0 Ym^_]dakl]l*

GOPSZZS <<&,%,2 hMP\MVTNU]WP]]XP^d >l]^PXRPaj]]P\

:SepaaS‘ @SaaabSZZS JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘%\c[[S‘

JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘%TZpQVS MY[jN

:SepaaS‘bg^

RakeYj)=m[‘l }klda[‘ FjYc]fla]^(R=2 RKX,0 .10(4

=/ ) e]kg‘Ydaf]|m{]j] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j

NYYd]j =g\\]f fgj\o]klda[‘ NYYd(?= -2

RKX,3 34(3=- ¡ gda_g‘Ydaf] aff]j]

F~kl]f_]o|kk]j

Bj]a^koYd\]j=g\\]f

U]fljYdZ]j]a[‘(B=-5 RKX-/ 05-(/

=. ¡ e]kg‘Ydaf] aff]j]F~kl]f_]o|kk]j

<jcgfYk]] fgj\o]klda[‘Ca\\]fk]]( J5 RKX., 0*33/(0

g‘f] Oqhrmo]akmf_( fmj[‘]eak[‘] UmklYf\kZ])

o]jlmf_$Cg‘]alk_]o|kk]j k]])o|jlk \]k ]a_]flda[‘]f

F~kl]f_]o|kk]jk%

36

?a] RYkk]jc}jh]j \]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j o]j\]f ‘afka[‘lda[‘ ^gd_]f\]j KYjYe]l]j ~Z]jZda[cko]ak]~Z]joY[‘l6

· K‘qlghdYfclgf $4p af \]j Q]_]lYlagfkh]jag\]( eaf\]kl]fk Ydd] / ¡ 2 EY‘j]%( HYcjgrgg)Z]fl‘gk $-p+EY‘j( eaf\]kl]fk Ydd] / ¡ 2 EY‘j]% Bjg{Yd_]f mf\ <f_agkh]je]f $-p+EY‘j( eaf)\]kl]fk Ydd] / ¡ 2 EY‘j]%

· <dd_]e]af] [‘]eak[‘)h‘qkacYdak[‘] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f $afcd* Nlg^^] \]k <f‘Yf_k QDDDIj* -, ¡-. @B)RMMG( 0 ) -.p+EY‘j( b|‘jda[‘%(

· ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f $cgflafma]jda[‘] Agjlk[‘j]aZmf_ af <Z‘|f)_a_c]al ngf ka_fa^acYfl]f Q]j|f\]jmf_]f Zro* <clmYdaka]jmf_ Ydd] 2 EY‘j]%

Y% B]o|kk]jegjh‘gdg_a]Z% Oa\])M]_ae] $af F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf \]j Jklk]] fa[‘l j]d]nYfl%(

· ?a] N[‘Y\klg^^mfl]jkm[‘mf_]f $<f‘Yf_ QDDD Ij* - ¡ 5 @B)RMMG% ^~j \a] =]o]jlmf_ \]k }cg)dg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k ]j^gd_]f Z]a @afd]almf_ af ka_fa^acYfl]f H]f_]f af Z]lj]^^]f\]f RYk)k]jc}jh]jf 0 ¡ -.p+EY‘j*

· ?a] hjagjal|j]f Nlg^^] ^~j \a] [‘]eak[‘] UmklYf\kZ]o]jlmf_ $Nlg^^] \]j <f‘|f_] S mf\ DS@B)RMMG% o]j\]f eaf\]kl]fk -p ae zZ]joY[‘mf_kr]aljYme ]af EY‘j dYf_ egfYlda[‘ _])e]kk]f* =]a zZ]jk[‘j]almf_ ngf Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f oaj\ \]j Z]lj]^^]f\] Nlg^^ af \]fAgd_]bY‘j]f egfYlda[‘ $-.p+EY‘j% mfl]jkm[‘l*

?a] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_k^j]im]fr]f ^~j \a] zZ]jZda[ck~Z]joY[‘mf_ \]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j ]flkhj][‘]f\Yeal \]f af <f‘Yf_ Q Ij* -*/*0 @B)RMMG _]fYffl]f Qgj_YZ]f* ?a]k] kl]dd]f Haf\]klYf^gj\]jmf)_]f \Yj( \a] af \a] Zmf\]ko]al ]floa[c]dl]f =]o]jlmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f afl]_ja]jl mf\ \gjl ^Y[‘da[‘ mf)l]jk]lrl omj\]f( me \a] ngf \]j @B)RMMG _]^gj\]jl] Umn]jd|kka_c]al mf\ B]fYma_c]al \]j =]o]j)lmf_k]j_]Zfakk] ka[‘]jrmkl]dd]f*

?a] zZ]jZda[cke]kkkl]dd]f da]_]f af \]j M]_]d af RYkk]jc}jh]jf( \a] \a] Peo]dlra]d] ngjYmkka[‘l)da[‘ Zak .,-1 fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘]f o]j\]f* ?a] ngj_]k]‘]f]f Pfl]jkm[‘mf_k^j]im]fr]f _]f~_]f \Y‘]jYm[‘ \]f ^~j \a] gh]jYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_ ]j^gj\]jda[‘]f H]kk^j]im]fr]f*

?a] zZ]joY[‘mf_ \]k [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\k ]j^gd_l( Ym{]j af \]f ]a_]flda[‘]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]jffY[‘ RMMG( Ym[‘ oa] af <jlac]d . Ij* - @B)RMMG ^]kl_]d]_l( ae Cg‘]alk_]o|kk]j $b]fk]alk \]k =Ykak)dafa])hdmk)-)N]]e]ad]f)Ugf]%*

7WS ]^S‘ObWdS nPS‘eOQVc\U RS‘ BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘

?a] gh]jYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_ kgdd _]e|{ <f‘Yf_ Q @B)RMMG af RYkk]jc}jh]jf g\]j RYkk]jc}jh]j)_jmhh]f \mj[‘_]^~‘jl o]j\]f( o]d[‘] \a] _]e|{ <jlac]d 0 @B)RMMG _]dl]f\]f Peo]dlra]d] fa[‘l]j^~dd]f( me \Yk <mkeY{ mf\ \a] <mkoajcmf_ \]j =]dYklmf_ Z]mjl]ad]f rm c}ff]f*

Ua]d \]j gh]jYlan]f zZ]joY[‘mf_ akl ]k6

· \]f UmklYf\ \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j rm Z]klaee]f( Z]a \]f]f ^]kl_]kl]ddl omj\]( \Ykk ka] \a]_]dl]f\]f Peo]dlra]d] ae ]jkl]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kr]aljYme fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘]f(

· \a] Bjmf\dY_] ^~j \a] A]kld]_mf_ ngf HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]k UmklYf\k \]jRYkk]jc}jh]j rm da]^]jf mf\

· Ydd] Ym^ \a] HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee] rmj~[c_]‘]f\]f Q]j|f\]jmf_]f Ye UmklYf\ \]jYjla)_]j RYkk]jc}jh]j rm Z]o]jl]f( Ydkg ]af] @j^gd_kcgfljgdd] \mj[‘rm^~‘j]f*

Umk|lrda[‘ c}ff]f ]j_|fr]f\]( mfl]j \a] gh]jYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_ rm ^Ykk]f\] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f Yf]afa_]f H]kkkl]dd]f fglo]f\a_ o]j\]f( \Yeal \gjl ‘afj]a[‘]f\ YZ_]ka[‘]jl] <mkkY_]f rm

37

N[‘oYfcmf_kZj]al]f mf\ @floa[cdmf_klj]f\k af \]f B]o|kk]jf e}_da[‘ o]j\]f g\]j Yf Yf\]j]fH]kkkl]dd]f ]j_|fr]f\] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f rm Z]klaeel]f AjY_]kl]ddmf_]f ngj_]fgee]f o]j\]f*

A~j \a] gh]jYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_ kaf\ \a] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f Ymkrmo|‘d]f( \a] ^~j \a] =]dYk)lmf_ \]k JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]jk c]ffr]a[‘f]f\ kaf\* ?YZ]a o]j\]f ^~j \a] Zagdg_ak[‘]f LmY)dal|lkcgehgf]fl]f \a]b]fa_]f KYjYe]l]j Zro* Df\acYlgj]f ]j^Ykkl( \a] Ye ]eh^af\da[‘kl]f Ym^ \a]=]dYklmf_]f \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j j]Y_a]j]f* A]jf]j o]j\]f \a] KYjYe]l]j ~Z]joY[‘l( \a] Df\acYlgj]f^~j \a] ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl] kaf\ mf\ Ym^ \a] ]jeall]dl]f =]dYklmf_]f Ye]eh^af\da[‘kl]f j]Y_a]j]f*Ng^]jf hjagjal|j] Nlg^^] ]af_]d]al]l mf\ kg^]jf Yf\]j] N[‘Y\klg^^] af ka_fa^acYfl]f H]f_]f ]af_])d]al]l o]j\]f( kaf\ \a]k] Nlg^^] ]Z]f^Yddk rm ~Z]joY[‘]f*

?a] zZ]joY[‘mf_k^j]im]fr]f o]j\]f kg _]o|‘dl( \Ykk ^~j \a] =]o]jlmf_ \]j j]d]nYfl]f LmYda)l|lkcgehgf]fl] ?Yl]f af Ymkj]a[‘]f\]j B]fYma_c]al mf\ Umn]jd|kka_c]al ]jeall]dl o]j\]f c}f)f]f* ?YZ]a o]j\]f a* \* M* \a] af <f‘Yf_ Q Ij* -*/*0 Ym^_]^~‘jl]f Haf\]kl^j]im]fr]f ]af_]‘Ydl]f(]k k]a \]ff( \Ykk Ymk ^Y[‘da[‘]f Bj~f\]f ]af] <Zo]a[‘mf_ _]j][‘l^]jla_l akl*

?Yk gh]jYlan] H]kkhjg_jYee cYff o|‘j]f\ \]k =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kr]aljYmek Yf f]m] @jc]fflfakk]Yf_]hYkkl o]j\]f* Ng cYff afkZ]kgf\]j] \a] zZ]joY[‘mf_k^j]im]fr j]\mra]jl o]j\]f( o]ff^]kl_]kl]ddl oaj\( \Ykk c]af] ka_fa^acYfl]f <mkoajcmf_]f ngf =]dYklmf_]f $e]‘j% Z]kl]‘]f* R]al])j] <f^gj\]jmf_]f Yf \a] klg^^da[‘] gh]jYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_ ]j_]Z]f ka[‘ Ymk fYlagfYd]f Q]j]afZY)jmf_]f mf\ Yf\]j]f @P)M]_]dmf_]f*

Ada]{_]o|kk]j

?a] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f ^~j \a] gh]jYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_ o]j\]f fY[‘ \]j <jl \]j =]dYklmf_]fYmk_]o|‘dl* ?YZ]a cYff ka[‘ \a] <jl \]j zZ]joY[‘mf_ \YfY[‘ mfl]jk[‘]a\]f( gZ ka_fa^acYfl] klg^^)da[‘] g\]j ka_fa^acYfl] ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘] =]dYklmf_]f \Y^~j Ymkk[‘dY__]Z]f\ kaf\( \Ykk \]jZ]lj]^^]f\] RYkk]jc}jh]j \Yk Peo]dlra]d n]j^]‘dl* Ng^]jf Yf RYkk]jc}jh]jf e]‘j]j] =]dYklmf_k)Yjl]f Z]kl]‘]f( o]j\]f \a] gh]jYlan rm ~Z]joY[‘]f\]f LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f cgeZafa]jl*

Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f Z]a klg^^da[‘]f =]dYklmf_]f Z]af‘Ydl]f fY[‘ @j^gj\]jfak \a] KYjYe]l]j <Z^dmkk)e]f_]( Ydd_]e]af] h‘qkacYdak[‘] mf\ j]d]nYfl] [‘]eak[‘] H]kk_j}{]f kgoa] \a] I|‘jklg^^] Nla[c)klg^^ mf\ K‘gkh‘gj* Pfl]jkm[‘l o]j\]f hjagjal|j] Nlg^^]( kgo]al ka] af \]f RYkk]jc}jh]j ]af_]d]al]lo]j\]f( mf\ Yf\]j] N[‘Y\klg^^]( kgo]al ka] af ka_fa^acYfl]f H]f_]f ]af_]d]al]l o]j\]f g\]j ka]hgl]fla]dd af ka_fa^acYfl]f H]f_]f ae B]o|kk]j ngjcgee]f( \*‘* \a] Fgfr]fljYlagf]f \]f ‘YdZ]fR]jl \]j Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje ~Z]jk[‘j]al]f* ?]j KYjYe]l]jme^Yf_ mf\ \a] H]kk^j]im]fr o]j)\]f fY[‘ <mko]jlmf_ \]j @j_]Zfakk] hjgZd]egja]fla]jl kg o]al Yf_]hYkkl Zro* eal \]f Pfl]jkm)[‘mf_]f rm @jealldmf_kro][c]f kg mfl]jk]lrl( \Ykk ka] ]af] rmn]jd|kka_] =]o]jlmf_ \]k UmklYf\k]je}_da[‘]f*

Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f o]j\]f o]al]j‘af Yf Ada]{_]o|kk]jf \mj[‘_]^~‘jl( \a] o]_]f ka_fa^acYfl]j ‘q\)jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]j =]dYklmf_]f \]f _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\ fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘]f* A~j \a] =]o]j)lmf_ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k ]af]k RYkk]jc}jh]jk o]j\]f \a] Z]dYklmf_kkh]ra^ak[‘ Ye ]eh)^af\da[‘kl]f j]Y_a]j]f\]f Zagdg_ak[‘]f LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f( __^* ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ \]j Aak[‘^YmfY(mf\ \a] Yclm]dd] B]o|kk]jkljmclmj mfl]jkm[‘l* Pe \a] Ym^ HY{fY‘e]f rmj~[c_]‘]f\]f Q]j|f\])jmf_]f Yf \]j Cq\jgegjh‘gdg_a] \]k RYkk]jc}jh]jk Z]mjl]ad]f rm c}ff]f( o]j\]f \a] Q]j|f\])jmf_ \]j B]o|kk]jkljmclmj Ym^_]fgee]f mf\ \a] Ym^ \a] Q]jZ]kk]jmf_keY{fY‘e]f Ye ]eh^af\)da[‘kl]f j]Y_a]j]f\]f Zagdg_ak[‘]f LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f mfl]jkm[‘l* ?YZ]a oaj\ \YjYm^ YZ_])kl]ddl( \Ykk ]af] zZ]jljY_mf_ \]j @j_]Zfakk] Zagdg_ak[‘]j Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f Ym[‘ Ym^ fa[‘l mfl]j)km[‘l] RYkk]jc}jh]j \]k k]dZ]f Oqhk eal |‘fda[‘]f MYf\Z]\af_mf_]f mf\ =]dYklmf_]f e}_da[‘akl*

A~j \a] =]mjl]admf_ \]k UmklYf\k \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j o]j\]f af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] rme U]al)hmfcl \a]k]k =]ja[‘l]k 21 gh]jYlan] H]kkkl]dd]f _]^~‘jl* /1 \a]k]j H]kkkl]dd]f da]_]f af AAC)B]Za]l]f $G]Z]fkjYmelqh /.2,%( 4 \a]k]j H]kkkl]dd]f da]_]f _d]a[‘r]ala_ af @B)Qg_]dk[‘mlr_]Za]l]f* Cafrm cgee]f 0 o]al]j] H]kkkl]dd]f( \a] ]Z]f^Yddk af @B)Qg_]dk[‘mlr)

38

_]Za]l]f ]af_]ja[‘l]l omj\]f* ?Yeal da]_]f 21 " \]j gh]jYlan ~Z]joY[‘l]f Ada]{_]o|kk]je]kk)kl]dd]f af AAC) mf\+g\]j @B)Qg_]dk[‘mlr_]Za]l]f*

NlYf\_]o|kk]j

<f \]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jf YZ 1, ‘Y RYkk]j^d|[‘]( \a] fa[‘l af \]j zZ]jZda[ck~Z]joY[‘mf_ ]j^Ykklo]j\]f mf\ \]j]f RYkk]jc}jh]j fa[‘l \]f Peo]dlra]d]f \]k <jlac]d 0 <Zk* - ]flkhj][‘]f( ]j^gd_l\a] gh]jYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_* JZog‘d ]k \a] RYkk]jjY‘e]fja[‘ldafa] rmd|kkl( RYkk]jc}jh]j _d]a[‘]fOqhk rm _jmhha]j]f( oaj\ Z]a \]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jf o]_]f \]j]f Z]kgf\]j]j Df\ana\mYdal|l \YjYm^o]al_]‘]f\ n]jra[‘l]l* <m[‘ ^~j \a] gh]jYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_ akl ngj_]k]‘]f( Ydd] j]d]nYfl]f N]]fZak .,,5 eaf\]kl]fk ]afeYd rm mfl]jkm[‘]f* ?a] gh]jYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_ \a]fl afkZ]kgf\]j] \]jQgj)( =]_d]al) mf\ IY[‘mfl]jkm[‘mf_ ngf NYfa]jmf_k) mf\ M]klYmja]jmf_keY{fY‘e]f* Hal \]jgh]jYlan]f zZ]joY[‘mf_ kgdd]f af \]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jf \]j AB@ Ym{]j\]e dYf_^jakla_] Q]j|f\])jmf_]f ngf KYjYe]l]jf( \a] k]‘j cmjr^jakla_ k[‘oYfc]f( ]j^Ykkl o]j\]f* ?a]k kaf\ ngj Ydd]e <d_]f)Zd~l]f kgoa] Ydd_]e]af] h‘qkacYdak[‘)[‘]eak[‘] Fgehgf]fl]f $m* Y* NYm]jklg^^ mf\ I|‘jklg^^] afn]jk[‘a]\]f]f RYkk]jla]^]f%( \a] af <Z‘|f_a_c]al ngf \]j @floa[cdmf_ \]k K‘qlghdYfclgfk ]Z]f)^Yddk klYjc]f( cmjr^jakla_]f N[‘oYfcmf_]f mfl]jogj^]f kaf\*

Jh]jYlan] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f o]j\]f Ym{]j\]e Ydk @j_|frmf_ \]j zZ]jZda[ck~Z]joY[‘mf_ Z]aIglo]f\a_c]al ]af]j ‘}‘]j]f H]kk^j]im]fr( Ydk ka] af \]j <f‘Yf_ Q Ij* -*/*0 Yf_]_]Z]f kaf\(\mj[‘_]^~‘jl* Ua]d \a]k]j Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f akl \a] @j^Ykkmf_ dYf_^jakla_]j Q]j|f\]jmf_]f ngf KYjY)e]l]jf( \a] Ym{]jgj\]flda[‘ cmjr^jakla_ k[‘oYfc]f* Df N]]f kaf\ \a]k ngj Ydd]e \Yk K‘qlghdYfclgf$HacjgYd_]f ae Aj]aoYkk]j% kgoa] Ydd_]e]af] h‘qkacYdak[‘)[‘]eak[‘] Fgehgf]fl]f $m*Y* NYm]j)klg^^ mf\ I|‘jklg^^] af n]jk[‘a]\]f]f RYkk]jla]^]f%( \a] af <Z‘|f_a_c]al ngf \]j @floa[cdmf_ \]kKdYfclgfk ]Z]f^Yddk klYjc]f( cmjr^jakla_]f N[‘oYfcmf_]f mfl]jogj^]f kaf\*

A~j \a] =]mjl]admf_ \]k UmklYf\k \]j NlYf\_]o|kk]j omj\]f af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] af 33 RYk)k]jc}jh]jf gh]jYlan] H]kkkl]dd]f ^]kl_]d]_l* /0 \a]k]j RYkk]jc}jh]j da]_]f af AAC)B]Za]l]f( -,ngf a‘f]f kaf\ _d]a[‘r]ala_ Ydk @B)Qg_]dk[‘mlr_]Za]l] Ymk_]oa]k]f* R]al]j] 0 RYkk]jc}jh]j kaf\]Z]f^Yddk Ydk @B)Qg_]dk[‘mlr_]Za]l _]e]d\]l* ?Yeal da]_]f 1- " \]j gh]jYlan ~Z]joY[‘l]f RYk)k]jc}jh]j af AAC) mf\+g\]j @B)Qg_]dk[‘mlr_]Za]l]f*

F~kl]f_]o|kk]j

?Yk H]kkf]lr rmj gh]jYlan]f zZ]joY[‘mf_ \]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j me^Ykkl /0 H]kkkl]dd]f* Na] \])[c]f Ydd] RYkk]jc}jh]j YZ( \a] af ]af]e fa[‘l _ml]f UmklYf\ kaf\* ?a] H]kkkl]dd]f cgffl]f ~Z]j)oa]_]f\ Ymk \]e ngj‘Yf\]f]f H]kkf]lr ~Z]jfgee]f o]j\]f* Rg c]af] H]kkkl]dd]f ngj‘Yf\]foYj]f( omj\]f \a]k] ]j_|frl*

=]r~_da[‘ \]k rm mfl]jkm[‘]f\]f KYjYe]l]jkh]cljmek o]j\]f afkZ]kgf\]j] \a] KYjYe]l]j Ymk)_]o|‘dl( \a] \a] ^~j ]af]f oY‘jk[‘]afda[‘ fa[‘l _ml]f UmklYf\ \]k RYkk]jc}jh]jk eY{_]Zda[‘]f=]dYklmf_]f Yfr]a_]f* =]a \]f Zagdg_ak[‘]f LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f oaj\ _jmf\k|lrda[‘ \a]b]fa_]Ymk_]o|‘dl( \a] Ym^ \a] ]flk[‘]a\]f\] =]dYklmf_ Ye ]eh^af\da[‘kl]f j]Y_a]jl* ?Y \a]k Z]a I|‘j)klg^^]f hjae|j KdYfclgf( k]cmf\|j YZ]j Ym[‘ HYcjgh‘ql]f kaf\( afkZ]kgf\]j] eal \]e K‘q)lghdYfclgf)=]o]jlmf_kkqkl]e YZ]j fg[‘ c]af] ]f\_~dla_ Z]dYklZYj]f @j^Y‘jmf_]f ngjda]_]f( oaj\Yf Ydd]f gh]jYlan]f H]kkkl]dd]f ngj]jkl Ydk af\aj]cl]k HY{ ^~j \Yk K‘qlghdYfclgf afkZ]kgf\]j]>‘dgjgh‘qdd)Y Z]klaeel mf\ ]j_|fr]f\ af b]\]e RYkk]jc}jh]j b]o]adk egfYlda[‘ ]af] K‘qlghdYfc)lgfhjgZ] ]flfgee]f mf\ __^* kh|l]j Ymk_]o]jl]l* Df Ydd]f RYkk]jc}jh]jf( \a] \]f _ml]f UmklYf\ae ]jkl]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kr]aljYme fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘]f( o]j\]f Ym{]j\]e \a] HYcjgh‘ql]f mf\ \YkHYcjgrggZ]fl‘gk mfl]jkm[‘l( me Ydd] Ym^ \a] F~kl]foYkk]jc}jh]j ]afoajc]f\]f =]dYklmf_]f Z])mjl]ad]f rm c}ff]f* R]fa_]j k]fkalan] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f c}ff]f fY[‘ Ymkj]a[‘]f\]j O]klmf_af \]f Agd_]bY‘j]f Ymk \]j gh]jYlan]f zZ]joY[‘mf_ ‘]jYmk_]fgee]f o]j\]f*

39

Qgf \]f /0 gh]jYlan]f H]kkkl]dd]f da]_]f .. af AAC)B]Za]l]f( -3 ngf a‘f]f da]_]f af B]Za]l]f( \a]_d]a[‘r]ala_ Ydk @B)Qg_]dk[‘mlr_]Za]l] Ymk_]oa]k]f kaf\* ?Yeal da]_]f 21 " \]j gh]jYlan]f H]kk)kl]dd]f \]k F~kl]f_]o|kk]je]kkf]lr]k af AAC) mf\+g\]j @B)Qg_]dk[‘mlr_]Za]l]f*

nPS‘eOQVc\U hc 8‘[WbbZc\UaheSQYS\

Ua]d \]j zZ]joY[‘mf_ rm @jealldmf_kro][c]f akl ]k( Df^gjeYlagf]f rm PjkY[‘]f mf\ H}_da[‘c]a)l]f \]j =]k]ala_mf_ ngf =]]aflj|[‘la_mf_]f \]j B]o|kk]j rm ]jdYf_]f* =]akha]d] kaf\ \a] @jeall)dmf_ ngf @afljY_kh^Y\]f \]j I|‘j) mf\ N[‘Y\klg^^]( ngf Aak[‘kl]jZ]f( \]j Q]j\Y[‘l Ym^ ^gjlk[‘j]a)l]f\] B]o|kk]jn]jk[‘emlrmf_]f \mj[‘ mfZ]cYffl] Kmfclim]dd]f g\]j \a^^mk] Lm]dd]f* ?]k R]a)l]j]f c}ff]f <mkoajcmf_]f ngf Pf^|dd]f mf\ CYnYja]f Ym^ \]f Z]ljg^^]f]f RYkk]jc}jh]j ]j^Ykklo]j\]f* Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f rm @jealldmf_kro][c]f ]flkhj][‘]f \]f Agj\]jmf_]f \]k <jlac]d -- @B)RMMG* ?Yj~Z]j ‘afYmk o]j\]f rmk|lrda[‘] Df^gjeYlagf]f Z]k[‘Y^^l( o]ff \a] @jkl]ddmf_ ]af]kHY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYeek rme @jj]a[‘]f \]j Peo]dlra]d] g\]j ]af] HY{fY‘e] rmj =]k]ala_mf_ \]j<mkoajcmf_]f mfZ]YZka[‘la_l]j Q]jk[‘emlrmf_]f ]j^gj\]jda[‘ akl*

Df <Z‘|f_a_c]al ngf \]j KjgZd]ekl]ddmf_ e~kk]f \]j Pfl]jkm[‘mf_kme^Yf_ mf\ \]j U]aljYme g^lcmjr^jakla_ ^]kl_]d]_l o]j\]f*

,&)&* mY]Z]UWaQVS‘ LcabO\R ’ mY]Z]UWaQVSa C]bS\bWOZ RS‘ BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘

Df \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] _aZl ]k JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j \]j FYl]_gja]f Ad~kk]( NlYf\_]o|kk]jmf\ F~kl]f_]o|kk]j( zZ]j_Yf_k_]o|kk]j ae Naff] \]j ?]^afalagf fY[‘ @B)RMMG kaf\ fa[‘l Ymk_])hj|_l( \Y af \]f ‘a]ka_]f =g\\]f) mf\ c~kl]ffY‘]f B]o|kk]jf ]af] oaf\_]lja]Z]f] Nlj}emf_k)\qfYeac ngj‘]jjk[‘l( oa] ka] ^~j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j lqhak[‘ akl* Dff]j‘YdZ \]j FYl]_gja]f o]j\]f \a]B]o|kk]j af Oqh]f ]af_]klm^l* ?a] B]o|kk]j~Z]joY[‘mf_ emkk ]af] n]jd|kkda[‘] mf\ j]hjg\mra]j)ZYj] ?Yl]f_jmf\dY_] ^~j \a] =]mjl]admf_ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k Zro* Kgl]fraYdk mf\ \]k [‘])eak[‘]f UmklYf\k \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j mf\ \Yeal \a] =Ykak ^~j ]af] ]^^ara]fl] HY{fY‘e]fhdYfmf_rmj Q]j^~_mf_ kl]dd]f* B]e|{ @B)RMMG c}ff]f Z]a \]j gh]jYlan]f zZ]joY[‘mf_ RYkk]jc}jh]jn]j_d]a[‘ZYj]f Oqhk mf\ |‘fda[‘]j ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]j g\]j \a^^mk]j =]dYklmf_kkalmYlagf rmRYkk]jc}jh]j_jmhh]f rmkYee]f_]^Ykkl o]j\]f( \a] Yf‘Yf\ j]hj|k]flYlan]j H]kkkl]dd]f fY[‘\]f Qgj_YZ]f \]j @B)RMMG $afkZ]kgf\]j] <f‘Yf_ Q Ij* -*/*.% ~Z]joY[‘l o]j\]f* De AYdd] ka_fa^a)cYfl]j ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]j g\]j \a^^mk]j =]dYklmf_]f omj\] \Y‘]j ]af] Bjmhha]jmf_ \]j RYk)k]jc}jh]j fY[‘ ^Y[‘da[‘]f B]ka[‘lkhmfcl]f e]kkkl]dd]fZ]rg_]f ngj_]fgee]f*

?a] =]o]jlmf_ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k ]af]k RYkk]jc}jh]jk ]j^gd_l Yf‘Yf\ ]af]j ^~f^klm^a_]fNcYdY $k]‘j _ml( _ml( e|{a_( mfZ]^ja]\a_]f\( k[‘d][‘l%* ?a] =]o]jlmf_ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f Kgl]fraYdk]j^gd_l fY[‘ ]af]j na]jklm^a_]f NcYdY $_ml mf\ Z]kk]j( e|{a_( mfZ]^ja]\a_]f\( k[‘d][‘l%* ?a] @afklm)^mf_ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k Zro* Kgl]fraYdk ZYka]jl ngjjYf_a_ Ym^ \]j =]ljY[‘lmf_ \]j Zagdg_a)k[‘]f LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f* Cq\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘] mf\ h‘qkacYdak[‘)[‘]eak[‘] Fgehgf]fl]fkgoa] j]d]nYfl] kqfl‘]lak[‘] mf\ fa[‘l)kqfl‘]lak[‘] N[‘Y\klg^^] $kg_]fYffl] ^dmkk_]Za]lkkh]ra^a)k[‘] N[‘Y\klg^^]% mfl]jkl~lr]f \a] Zagdg_ak[‘] =]o]jlmf_* ?a] Ia[‘l]af‘Ydlmf_ \]j Peo]dlimYda)l|lkfgje]f ^~j \a] ^dmkk_]Za]lkkh]ra^ak[‘]f N[‘Y\klg^^] ^~‘jl rme Q]j^]‘d]f \]k _ml]f }cgdg_a)k[‘]f UmklYf\k+Kgl]fraYdk* ?]j k]‘j _ml] }cgdg_ak[‘] UmklYf\ akl a\]flak[‘ eal \]f M]^]j]frZ])\af_mf_]f ^~j \]f b]o]ada_]f B]o|kk]jlqh*

=]a \]j A]kld]_mf_ \]j lqhkh]ra^ak[‘]f M]^]j]frZ]\af_mf_]f omj\]f f]Z]f \]f Zagdg_ak[‘]fYm[‘ \a] ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]f( h‘qkacYdak[‘)[‘]eak[‘]f mf\ klg^^da[‘]f Fgehgf]fl]f Z]j~[c)ka[‘la_l*

?a] Zagdg_ak[‘]f LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f me^Ykk]f \a] YimYlak[‘] AdgjY $K‘qlghdYfclgf(HYcjgh‘ql]f mf\ K‘qlgZ]fl‘gk( af \]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf K‘qlghdYfclgf( Bjg{Yd_]f mf\ <f_a)gkh]je]f% kgoa] \a] YimYlak[‘] AYmfY $Z]fl‘ak[‘] RajZ]ddgk]f^YmfY VHYcjgrggZ]fl‘gkW mf\Aak[‘^YmfY%* @k kaf\ ‘Ymhlk|[‘da[‘ <jl]frmkYee]fk]lrmf_ mf\ <jl]f‘|m^a_c]al rm Z]klaee]f* DfNlYf\) mf\ F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf akl Z]ae K‘qlghdYfclgf rmk|lrda[‘ \a] =ageYkk] rm ]j^Ykk]f( o]al]j)

40

‘af oaj\ Z]a \]j HYcjgh‘ql]fZ]o]jlmf_ Ym[‘ \a] mfl]j] Q]jZj]almf_k_j]fr] \]j <jl]f Z]j~[c)ka[‘la_l* Df \]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jf \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al o]j\]f rmk|lrda[‘ rme K‘qlghdYfclgfYm[‘ \a] Kjg^mf\Yd\aYlge]]f af \a] =]o]jlmf_ \]j YimYlak[‘]f AdgjY ]afZ]rg_]f* =]a \]j Aak[‘)^YmfY akl af Ada]{) mf\ NlYf\_]o|kk]jf f]Z]f \]j <jl]frmkYee]fk]lrmf_ mf\ ¡‘|m^a_c]al rmk|lr)da[‘ \a] <dl]jkkljmclmj rm Z]o]jl]f* ?a] Aak[‘^YmfY ZjYm[‘l fY[‘ @B)RMMG af F~kl]f_]o|kk]jffa[‘l mfl]jkm[‘l rm o]j\]f* ?]f ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]f LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f mf\ \]f [‘]ea)k[‘]f mf\ h‘qkacYdak[‘)[‘]eak[‘]f LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f cgeel Z]a \]j =]o]jlmf_ \]k }cgdg)_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k mfl]jkl~lr]f\] =]\]mlmf_ rm( \Yk ‘]a{l( \Ykk \a] =]o]jlmf_ \]j Zagdg_ak[‘]fLmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f QgjjYf_ ngj \]j @afk[‘|lrmf_ \]j ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]f mf\ Ydd_]e]af]fh‘qkacYdak[‘)[‘]eak[‘]f Fgehgf]fl]f ‘Yl* <dd]j\af_k ‘YZ]f \a]k] o]k]flda[‘] =]\]mlmf_ ^~j\a] KdYmkaZadal|lkhj~^mf_ \]j =]o]jlmf_k]j_]Zfakk] \]j Zagdg_ak[‘]f Fgehgf]fl]f( ^~j \a] PjkY)[‘]fcd|jmf_ Z]a Ia[‘l]jj]a[‘]f \]j Peo]dlra]d]( ^~j \a] HY{fY‘e]fhdYfmf_ mf\ @j^gd_kcgfljgdd]*

?Yk K‘qlghdYfclgf akl Ydk <fr]a_]j ^~j \]f ljgh‘ak[‘]f UmklYf\ af Ydd]f NlYf\_]o|kk]jf( F~kl]f)_]o|kk]jf mf\ af hdYfclgf\geafa]jl]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jf j]d]nYfl mf\ \Y‘]j rm mfl]jkm[‘]f* @koaj\ af \]j Q]_]lYlagfkh]jag\] 2 p Z]a kl]‘]f\]f B]o|kk]jf( 4 p Z]a F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf mf\ eaf)\]kl]fk 3 p Z]a hdYfclgf\geafa]jl]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jf Z]hjgZl* ?Yk =]o]jlmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f K‘q)lghdYfclgf ^~j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j \]j Jklk]] da]_l ae <fkYlr ngj mf\ omj\] .,,3 ]af]j Ymk^~‘jda[‘]f@jhjgZmf_ mfl]jrg_]f* Hal \]e \]jr]ala_]f @floa[cdmf_kklYf\ \]k Q]j^Y‘j]fk c}ff]f fg[‘ fa[‘lYdd] RYkk]jc}jh]j Z]o]jl]l o]j\]f* Ca]j akl o]al]j]j @jhjgZmf_k) mf\ <Zklaeemf_kZ]\Yj^ mf\ngj Ydd]e ]af] @jo]al]jmf_ \]j ?Yl]fZYkak fglo]f\a_*

HYcjgh‘ql]f $]afk[‘da]{da[‘ \]j Hggk] mf\ <jed]m[‘l]jYd_]f%( Z]fl‘ak[‘] ?aYlge]]f mf\ \Ykkgfkla_] K‘qlgZ]fl‘gk $r* =* ^|\a_] mf\ Yf\]j] Agje]f ngf Bj~f)( Mgl) mf\ =jYmfYd_]f( =Ycl]ja)]frgll]f mf\ ¡Z]d|_]% o]j\]f ]Z]f^Yddk af \]j Q]_]lYlagfkh]jag\] Z]hjgZl* ?a]k] LmYdal|lkcge)hgf]fl]f ]jdYmZ]f mfl]j Z]klaeel]f =]\af_mf_]f M~[ck[‘d~kk] Ym^ =]dYklmf_]f( \a] rme =]a)kha]d \mj[‘ ‘q\jYmdak[‘]f Nlj]kk( I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_]( C]jZara\]( kljmclmj]dd] ?]_jY\Ylagf( Q]jkYm])jmf_ mf\ Q]jkYdrmf_ n]jmjkY[‘l o]j\]f c}ff]f* Df \]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf akl \a] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_ \]jYimYlak[‘]f AdgjY dYml @B)RMMG Ym^ \Yk K‘qlghdYfclgf mf\ \a] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl] Bjg{Yd_]fmf\ <f_agkh]je]f Z]_j]frl* Um \]f Bjg{Yd_]f _]‘}j]f mfl]j Yf\]j]e \a] g^l Ye NljYf\ rm ^af)\]f\]f =jYmf) $r* =* =dYk]flYf_% mf\ Bj~fYd_]f $r* =* H]]jkYdYl%( YZ]j Ym[‘ MglYd_]f $r* =* N]]Yeh)^]j% mf\ \a] af \]f =g\\]f_]o|kk]jf ngjcgee]f\]f <jed]m[‘l]jYd_]f* ?a] <f_agkh]je]f me)^Ykk]f r* =* \Yk N]]_jYk mf\ \a] af \]f =g\\]f_]o|kk]jf ngjcgee]f\]f ‘}‘]j]f RYkk]jh^dYfr]f$r* =* GYa[‘cj|ml]j%* ?a] =]o]jlmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f da]_]f af ?]mlk[‘dYf\ ngj mf\ o]j\]f \]jr]al af \]f=mf\]kd|f\]jf Yf_]o]f\]l mf\ \YZ]a fg[‘eYdk me^Ykk]f\ _]l]kl]l*

HYcjgrggZ]fl‘gkmfl]jkm[‘mf_]f Yf Ada]{_]o|kk]jf r]a_]f gj_Yfak[‘] $kYhjgZa]dd]% =]dYklmf)_]f( Q]jkYm]jmf_ kgoa] kljmclmj]dd] mf\ Yf\]j] fmlrmf_kZ]\af_l] ?]^aral] Yf* =ak Ym^ \]f ljgh‘a)k[‘]f UmklYf\ mf\ ngj‘Yf\]f] RYf\]jmf_kZYjja]j]f af Ada]{_]o|kk]jf c}ff]f Ydd] Yf\]j]f =])dYklmf_]f \mj[‘ \a]k] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl] af\ara]jl o]j\]f* ?Yk HYcjgrggZ]fl‘gk akl \Y‘]j \a]oa[‘la_kl] Zagdg_ak[‘] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl] ^~j \a] =]o]jlmf_ ngf Ada]{_]o|kk]jf* Df kl]‘]f\]fB]o|kk]jf kgdd]f \mj[‘ \Yk HYcjgrggZ]fl‘gk Ym[‘ =]dYklmf_k^Yclgj]f oa] \a] @afrm_k_]Za]lk)fmlrmf_( \a] ?]_jY\Ylagf \]j B]o|kk]jkljmclmj( IY‘]j‘gdmf_k\jm[c( I|‘jklg^^) mf\ Nhmj]fklg^^)]aflj|_] Yf_]r]a_l o]j\]f* <dd]j\af_k akl ngj]jkl fg[‘ fa[‘l eal ]af]e hjYpakj]a^]f =]o]jlmf_kn]j)^Y‘j]f rm j][‘f]f* ?Yk =]o]jlmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f HYcjgrggZ]fl‘gk ^~j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j \]j Jklk]]da]_l ngj* Df \]f EY‘j]f .,,3 mf\ .,,4 omj\] \a] H]l‘g\] Ymk^~‘jda[‘ _]l]kl]l* Pe \a] @floa[c)dmf_ \]k Q]j^Y‘j]fk YZrmk[‘da]{]f kaf\ o]al]j] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f fglo]f\a_*

Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f \]j Aak[‘^YmfY af \]f =aff]fgZ]j d̂|[‘]f_]o|kk]jf ^af\]f Z]a _]]a_f]l]f B])o|kk]jZ]\af_mf_]f klYll( ogZ]a ]j‘}‘l] RYkk]jkl|f\]( Oj~Zmf_]f mf\ rm fa]\ja_] O]eh]jYlmj]f_]ea]\]f mf\ \a] Agjlh^dYfrmf_k) mf\ RYf\]jrqcd]f Z]j~[cka[‘la_l o]j\]f* Df\ara]jl o]j\]f aeo]k]flda[‘]f kljmclmj]dd] =]dYklmf_]f( afkZ]kgf\]j] RYf\]jmf_k‘af\]jfakk]* <Z‘|f_a_ nge B])o|kk]jlqh mf\ \]j Aak[‘j]_agf kaf\ af Ada]{_]o|kk]jf n]jk[‘a]\]f dYf_] H]kkklj][c]f mf\ mfl]j)k[‘a]\da[‘ _jg{] Df\ana\m]frY‘d]f ]j^gj\]jda[‘* ?a] KjgZ]fY‘e] ^af\]l ngjjYf_a_ ae Nh|lkgee]jmf\ Aj~‘‘]jZkl klYll* @j_|fr]f\ c}ff]f af Z]klaeel]f B]o|kk]jZ]j]a[‘]f o]al]j] =]hjgZmf_]frm Yf\]j]f U]alhmfcl]f ]j^gj\]jda[‘ k]af* Umj Pfl]jkl~lrmf_ kgddl]( oa] ]k Ym[‘ Z]ae HYcjgrgg)

41

Z]fl‘gk kaffngdd akl( \a] B]o|kk]jegjh‘gdg_a] ]j^Ykkl Zro* YclmYdaka]jl o]j\]f* B]]a_f]l] =]o]j)lmf_ke]l‘g\]f ^~j \a] Aak[‘^YmfY \]j N]]f Z]^af\]f ka[‘ fg[‘ af \]j @floa[cdmf_*

?a] ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]f LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f me^Ykk]f Z]a Ad~kk]f ]af] =]ljY[‘lmf_ \]kRYkk]j‘Ymk‘Ydlk( \]j ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al mf\ \]j Hgjh‘gdg_a] $Nljmclmj_~l]cYjla]jmf_%( Z]a N]]f \a]@j^Ykkmf_ \]k RYkk]j‘Ymk‘Ydlk mf\ \]j Hgjh‘gdg_a] kgoa] Z]a F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf \a] =]klaeemf_\]j Hgjh‘gdg_a] mf\ _]_]Z]f]f^Yddk \]k Oa\]j]_ae]k* Na] o]j\]f Z]a \]j A]klkl]ddmf_ \]j M]^])j]frZ]\af_mf_]f $9 k]‘j _ml]j }cgdg_ak[‘]j UmklYf\% ‘]jYf_]rg_]f mf\ mfl]jkl~lr]f \a] Yf)‘Yf\ \]j Zagdg_ak[‘]f LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f ]j^gd_l] =]o]jlmf_ \]j ~Zja_]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f Um)klYf\kcdYkk]f*

<dk Ydd_]e]af] h‘qkacYdak[‘)[‘]eak[‘] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f o]j\]f af <f‘Yf_ Q RMMG Na[‘lla])^]( O]eh]jYlmj( NYm]jklg^^( G]al^|‘a_c]al( Q]jkYm]jmf_ mf\ I|‘jklg^^n]j‘|dlfakk] _]fYffl* Na] o]j)\]f rmj ?]^afalagf \]j M]^]j]frZ]\af_mf_]f $k]‘j _ml]j }cgdg_ak[‘]j UmklYf\% ‘]jYf_]rg_]f mf\mfl]jkl~lr]f \a] =]o]jlmf_ \]j ~Zja_]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\kcdYkk]f Yf‘Yf\ \]j Zagdg_ak[‘]fLmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]f* ?Yf]Z]f o]j\]f kh]ra^ak[‘] kqfl‘]lak[‘] N[‘Y\klg^^] af \a] }cgdg_ak[‘]UmklYf\kZ]o]jlmf_ ]afZ]rg_]f* Ca]jZ]a ‘Yf\]dl ]k ka[‘ me N[‘Y\klg^^]( ^~j \a] ngf \]f Hal)_da]\kklYYl]f Ym^ fYlagfYd]j @Z]f] g\]j aff]j‘YdZ ]af]j AB@ _]dl]f\] Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f^]kl_]d]_l omj\]f* Ng^]jf hjagjal|j] Nlg^^] $<f‘Yf_ S RMMG% af ]af]f RYkk]jc}jh]j ]af_]d]al]lg\]j kgfkla_] Nlg^^] $r* =* <f‘Yf_ QDDD RMMG% af ka_fa^acYfl]f H]f_]f af ]af]f RYkk]jc}jh]j ]af_])d]al]l o]j\]f( kaf\ \a]k] Nlg^^] rm ~Z]joY[‘]f* Na_fa^acYfl Z]\]ml]l( \Ykk \]j @afljY_ ]af]k Nlg^^]krm Fgfr]fljYlagf]f ae B]o|kk]j ^~‘jl( \a] \]f ‘YdZ]f R]jl \]j eY{_]Z]f\]f Peo]dlimYdal|lk)fgje ~Z]jk[‘j]al]f* ?Yk @jj]a[‘]f \]k k]‘j _ml]f mf\ _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k k]lrl \a] @af)‘Ydlmf_ \a]k]j Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f ngjYmk*

?a] @floa[cdmf_ \]j =]o]jlmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f mf\ \a] A]kld]_mf_ \]j FdYkk]f_j]fr]f \]k }cgdg_a)k[‘]f UmklYf\k mf\ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f Kgl]flaYdk gZda]_]f \]f Hal_da]\klYYl]f* @mjghYo]al oaj\\mj[‘ \a] Dfl]jcYdaZja]jmf_ \]j =]o]jlmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f ka[‘]j_]kl]ddl( \Ykk \a] @j_]Zfakk] n]j_d]a[‘)ZYj kaf\* ?Yk Peo]dlra]d £_ml]j UmklYf\¢ mf\ \a] ]flk[‘]a\]f\] Bj]fr] rme e|{a_]f UmklYf\o]j\]f Ydd_]e]af Yf‘Yf\ \]k BjY\]k \]j rmd|kka_]f _]jaf_^~_a_]f <Zo]a[‘mf_ nge k]‘j _ml]fUmklYf\ Z]k[‘ja]Z]f $<f‘Yf_ Q Ij* -*. RMMG%*

A~j \a] =]o]jlmf_ \]k [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\]k o]j\]f ro]a UmklYf\kcdYkk]f $_ml( k[‘d][‘l% \mj[‘Q]j_d]a[‘ eal \]f @P)o]al ^]kl_]d]_l]f Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f mfl]jk[‘a]\]f* ?a] ^~j \]f [‘]ea)k[‘]f UmklYf\ j]d]nYfl]f Nlg^^] me^Ykk]f \a] ae <f‘Yf_ S RMMG af Q]jZaf\mf_ eal <jlac]d -2 @B)RMMG _]j]_]dl]f hjagjal|j]f Nlg^^] kgoa] o]al]j] Nlg^^]( ^~j \a] _]e]afk[‘Y^lda[‘ _]j]_]dl] Pe)o]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f ngjda]_]f* ?a] rm_]‘}ja_] Nlg^^dakl] \]j hjagjal|j]f mf\ hjagjal|j _]^|‘jda[‘]fNlg^^] akl \mj[‘ @flk[‘]a\mf_ Ij* .011+.,,-+@B \]k @mjgh|ak[‘]f KYjdYe]flk mf\ \]k MYl]k nge.,*--*.,,- Z]cYffl _]eY[‘l ogj\]f* De Emda .,,2 ‘Yl \a] Fgeeakkagf ]af]f Ma[‘ldafa]f]flomj^ ^~jPeo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f ^~j \a]k] Nlg^^] ngj_]d]_l( \]j Ye -3*2*,4 nge @mjgh|ak[‘]f KYjdYe]flmf\ Ye .,*+.-*-,*,4 nge Hafakl]jjYl Yf_]fgee]f omj\] $£Og[‘l]jja[‘ldafa] Kjagjal|j] Nlg^^]¢%mf\ af fY‘]j Umcmf^l af FjY^l lj]l]f oaj\* <X OPW PXORlV^TRPX 5PaT\^]NSLQ^_XR]ZVLX *((1 aP\OPX OTP4XQY\OP\_XRPX OP\ GYNS^P\\TNS^VTXTP nZ\TY\T^j\P F^YQQPm MP\lNU]TNS^TR^&

?a] B]kYelZ]o]jlmf_ ]af]k RYkk]jc}jh]jk fY[‘ RMMG ]j_aZl ka[‘ Ymk \]j UmkYee]f^~‘jmf_ \]k}cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k Zro* Kgl]fraYdk mf\ \]k [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\k( ogZ]a \Yk b]o]adk k[‘d][‘)l]j] =]o]jlmf_k]j_]Zfak \]j _]e]kk]f]f LmYdal|lk]d]e]fl] Ymkk[‘dY__]Z]f\ akl*

42

4PPWZRc\U <<&,%) _aZl ]af]f zZ]jZda[c ~Z]j \a] @jealldmf_ \]k UmklYf\]k ]af]k JZ]j^d|[‘]f_])o|kk]jk*

4PP& <<&,%)6 FNSPWL d_\ 5PaP\^_XR ‘YX BMP\QVjNSPXaL]]P\Uk\ZP\X "D_PVVP ?4J4#

?a] @j_]Zfakk] \]j =]o]jlmf_ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k + \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f Kgl]fraYdk \]j JZ]j)^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] kaf\ af \]j >O‘bS 1 $FYjl]fYf‘Yf_% mf\ af \]j GO%PSZZS <<&,%- ^~j \a] FYl]_gja]f Ad~kk]( NlYf\_]o|kk]j mf\ F~kl]f_]o|kk]j( \a^^]j]fra]jl ^~j fYl~jda)[‘]( ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl] mf\ c~fklda[‘] RYkk]jc}jh]j \Yj_]kl]ddl*

GOPSZZS <<&,%-6 gUYVYRT]NSP\ K_]^LXO’kUYVYRT]NSP] CY^PXdTLV OP\ BMP\QVjNSPXaL]]P\Uk\ZP\

<frY‘d JZ]j^d|)[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j

UmklYf\+Kgl]fraYd_ml

UmklYf\+Kgl]fraYdk[‘d][‘l]j Ydk _ml

\Yjmfl]jfYl~jda[‘] RF

\Yjmfl]jCHR=

\Yjmfl]jc~fklda[‘] RF

Z]o]jl]l Ydk Ada]{_]o|kk]j03/ 2 023 /-, -1, 3

Z]o]jl]l Ydk NlYf\_]o|kk]j4/ 12 .3 4- . ,

Z]o]jl]l Ydk F~kl]f_]o|kk]j-5& , -5 -3 . ,

* F~kl]f_]o|kk]j \]j -)N]]e]ad]f)Ugf] Zak Cg‘]alk_j]fr] emkk fY[‘ @B)RMMG fa[‘l }cgdg_ak[‘ Z]o]jl]l o]j\]f

43

<<&,&)&+ 6VS[WaQVS‘ LcabO\R RS‘ BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘

?a] =]o]jlmf_ \]k [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\]k \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j ]j^gd_l \mj[‘ Q]j_d]a[‘ eal \]f @P)o]al ^]kl_]d]_l]f Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f ^~j N[‘Y\klg^^] Ymk \]f <f‘|f_]f DS mf\ S \]j @B)RMMG* ?]k o]al]j]f o]j\]f Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f Ymk o]al]j]f M][‘lkngjk[‘ja^l]f \]j @P $Zak)‘]j fmj Ymk \]j IaljYl)Ma[‘ldafa] ‘]jYf_]rg_]f( ogZ]a ^~j ]afa_] N[‘Y\klg^^] af \]f FYl]_gja]fzZ]j_Yf_k_]o|kk]j mf\ F~kl]f_]o|kk]j klj]f_]j] Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f _]dl]f Ydk af \]f =af)f]fgZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jf*

?a] Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f _]dl]f Ydk ]af_]‘Ydl]f( o]ff \a] EY‘j]keall]do]jl] \]j _]e]kk]f]fN[‘Y\klg^^cgfr]fljYlagf]f \a] Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f Yf \]f H]kkkl]dd]f fa[‘l ~Z]jk[‘j]al]f*?a] ?Yjkl]ddmf_ ]j^gd_l af \]f ro]a UmklYf\kcdYkk]f £_ml¢ $ZdYm] ?Yjkl]ddmf_ af \]j FYjl]% mf\£fa[‘l _ml¢ $jgl] ?Yjkl]ddmf_ af \]j FYjl]%*

Hal \]j @flk[‘]a\mf_ Ij* .011+.,,-+@B nge .,* Ign]eZ]j .,,- omj\] \mj[‘ \a] @P ]af] Gakl]ngf // hjagjal|j]f Nlg^^]f n]jYZk[‘a]\]l mf\ Ydk <f‘Yf_ S af \a] RMMG ~Z]jfgee]f* ?a] Pe)o]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f rm \a]k]f // hjagjal|j]f Nlg^^]f o]j\]f ngf \]j @mjgh|ak[‘]f Fgeeakkagfngj_]_]Z]f( da]_]f YZ]j \]jr]al fg[‘ fa[‘l n]jZaf\da[‘ ngj* ?]j @flomj^ ^~j \a] f]m] Og[‘l]jja[‘l)dafa] d]_l Ym{]j\]e ^~j 4 o]al]j] Nlg^^] Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f ^]kl*

IY[‘ \]e DfcjY^llj]l]f \]j Ma[‘ldafa] \]k @mjgh|ak[‘]f KYjdYe]flk mf\ \]k MYl]k ~Z]j Peo]dl)imYdal|lkfgje]f ae =]j]a[‘ \]j RYkk]jhgdalac $Og[‘l]jja[‘ldafa] £Kjagjal|j] Nlg^^]¢% kaf\ \a]k] n]j)Zaf\da[‘ Z]a \]j =]o]jlmf_ \]k [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\k \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j rm Z]j~[cka[‘)la_]f* ?a] ae ngjda]_]f\]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf ngj_]fgee]f] =]o]jlmf_ \]k [‘]eak[‘]f Um)klYf\k ngf JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]jf cYff ka[‘ ‘a]j\mj[‘ af @afr]d^|dd]f fg[‘ |f\]jf*?a] @j_]Zfakk] \]j =]o]jlmf_ \]k [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\]k \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j kaf\ af>O‘bS )) ^~j \a] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al \Yj_]kl]ddl mf\ af \]j GOPSZZS <<&,%. ^~j \a] FYl]_gja]f Ad~kk](NlYf\_]o|kk]j mf\ F~kl]f_]o|kk]j fY[‘ RYkk]jc}jh]jf Ymk_]oa]k]f*

GOPSZZS <<&,%.6 6SPWT]NSP\ K_]^LXO OP\ BMP\QVjNSPXaL]]P\Uk\ZP\

<frY‘d JZ]j^d|)[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j

UmklYf\_ml

UmklYf\k[‘d][‘l]j Ydk _ml

Z]o]jl]l Ydk Ada]{_]o|kk]j03/ 013 -2

Z]o]jl]l Ydk NlYf\_]o|kk]j4/ 4/ ,

Z]o]jl]l Ydk F~kl]f_]o|kk]j., -5 -

<<&,&)&, LcaO[[S\TOaaS\RS LcabO\RaPSaQV‘SWPc\U RS‘ BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘%Yq‘^S‘

UmkYee]f^Ykk]f\ akl ^~j \a] JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ^]klrmkl]dd]f( \Ykk-(/ " \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j( \a] Ydk Ada]{_]o|kk]j mf\ 23 " \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j( \a] Ydk NlYf\_]o|kk]jZ]o]jl]l omj\]f( \]f _ml]f UmklYf\ $9 _ml]j }cgdg_ak[‘]j UmklYf\ ’ _ml]j [‘]eak[‘]j UmklYf\%Z]ra]‘mf_ko]ak]( Z]a c~fklda[‘]f g\]j ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl]f B]o|kk]jf( \Yk _ml] }cgdg_ak[‘]Kgl]fraYd mf\ ]af]f _ml]f [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\ ]jj]a[‘]f7 Z]a \]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]j Z]^af\]f ka[‘fmj \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j ngf \]j -)N]]e]ad]f)Ugf] Zak rmj Cg‘]alk_j]fr] af ]af]e _ml]e $[‘]ea)k[‘]f% UmklYf\*

44

gut14%

schlecht86%

4PP& <<&,%*6 UmkYee]f^Ykk]f\] ?Yjkl]ddmf_ \]k UmklYf\k \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]

<<&,&* :‘c\ReOaaS‘

<<&,&*&) nPS‘eOQVc\Ua^‘]U‘O[[ :‘c\ReOaaS‘

?a] =]rm_k]af‘]al ^~j \a] =]o]jlmf_ ae CafZda[c Ym^ \Yk @jj]a[‘]f \]j Peo]dlra]d] kaf\ Bjmf\)oYkk]jc}jh]j* ?a]k] kaf\ \]^afa]jl] Bjmf\oYkk]jngdmeafY aff]j‘YdZ ]af]k g\]j e]‘j]j]j Bjmf\)oYkk]jd]al]j( \a] ae CafZda[c Ym^ \a] =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al mf\ \a] =]dYklmf_kkalmYlagf e}_da[‘kl ‘geg)_]f] @af‘]al]f \Yjkl]dd]f* ?a] ngf \]j RMMG _]^gj\]jl] j]hj|k]flYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_ mf\ =]o]j)lmf_ \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j cgfr]flja]jl ka[‘ ngj Ydd]e Ym^ \]f gZ]j]f _jg{j|mea_ rmkYee]f)‘|f_]f\]f CYmhl_jmf\oYkk]jd]al]j( \]j \Yk =af\]_da]\ roak[‘]f \]f ngf \]f Imlrmf_]f Yf \]jJZ]j^d|[‘] Ymk_]‘]f\]f B]^|‘j\mf_]f ^~j k]af]f [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\ mf\ \]f ngf \a]k]e Um)klYf\ Ymk_]‘]f\]f B]^|‘j\mf_]f Ym^ \a] _jmf\oYkk]jYZ‘|f_a_]f G]Z]fkj|me] Yf \]j JZ]j^d|)[‘] \Yjkl]ddl* <m[‘ ae CafZda[c Ym^ \]f e]f_]fe|{a_]f UmklYf\ akl \]j gZ]j] CYmhl_jmf\oYkk]j)d]al]j \Yk =af\]_da]\ roak[‘]f \]e B]^|‘j\mf_khgl]fraYd \]j Bjmf\oYkk]j]flfY‘e] Ymk \a]k]eg\]j la]^]j da]_]f\]f Bjmf\oYkk]jd]al]jf mf\ \]f <mkoajcmf_]f Ym^ \a] _jmf\oYkk]jYZ‘|f_a_]fG]Z]fkj|me]*

7WS nPS‘eOQVc\U RSa QVS[WaQVS\ LcabO\RSa RSa :‘c\ReOaaS‘a

?a] zZ]joY[‘mf_kkl]dd]f ^~j \]f [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk aff]j‘YdZ ]af]k Bjmf\)oYkk]jc}jh]jk e~kk]f ]af j]hj|k]flYlan]k =ad\ \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jZ]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al _]Z]f( o]ad \a]zZ]joY[‘mf_ko]jl] rm ]af]j <mkkY_] ~Z]j \]f Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j Ydk BYfr]k Y__j]_a]jl o]j\]f*?a] ?a[‘l] \]k H]kkf]lr]k kgoa] \a] j|meda[‘] Q]jl]admf_ \]j H]kkkl]dd]f akl YZ‘|f_a_ ngf \]f_]gdg_ak[‘]f+‘q\jg_]gdg_ak[‘]f Q]j‘|dlfakk]f \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jk( \]j Ad|[‘]ffmlrmf_k)kljmclmj $B]^|‘j\mf_kkalmYlagf% mf\ __^* Ym[‘ ngf \]f Zak‘]j Z]cYffl]f Deeakkagfk\Yl]f kgoa]\]f kh]ra^ak[‘]f @a_]fk[‘Y^l]f \]j j]d]nYfl]f Nlg^^]* Bjmf\dY_] Zad\]l \Yk cgfr]hlagf]dd] Hg\]dd^~j \]f Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j ae Naff] \]k @P)Bma\Yf[])KYha]jk rme Bjmf\oYkk]jegfalgjaf_Bjmf\dY_] \]j H]kkf]lr_]klYdlmf_ af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf akl ]af] rmngj \mj[‘_]^~‘jl]M]_agfYdaka]jmf_ ngf [‘YjYcl]jaklak[‘]f KYjYe]l]jf \]j \a^^mk]f Bjmf\oYkk]jZ]dYklmf_ $IaljYl(<eegfame( FYdame( >‘dgja\( Nmd^Yl mf\ =gj%( af \]j]f @j_]Zfak dYf\]ko]al hgl]fra]dd] =]dYklmf_k)

45

_]Za]l] $<ZZ* DD*0)/% Ymk_]oa]k]f omj\]f* =]a \]j M]_agfYdaka]jmf_ o]j\]f ^~j \a] KYjYe]l]j b])o]adk Ad|[‘]f eal \]f rm_]‘}ja_]f Z]j][‘f]l]f Fgfr]fljYlagf]f \Yj_]kl]ddl* ?a] =]dYklmf_k_])Za]l] omj\]f o]al]j ]af]j ]af_]‘]f\]f <fYdqk] mfl]j fYlmjj|meda[‘]f( ‘q\jg_]gdg_ak[‘]f( oYk)k]joajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f mf\ fmlrmf_kkh]ra^ak[‘]f <kh]cl]f mfl]jrg_]f* ?a] <fYdqk] omj\] eal \]eUa]d \mj[‘_]^~‘jl( ]af] YlljaZml_]kl~lrl] =]o]jlmf_ \]j =]dYklmf_k_]Za]l] ae CafZda[c Ym^ \a]Yfrmklj]Z]f\] =]d]_mf_ eal H]kkkl]dd]f ^~j \a] gh]jYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_ fY[‘ \]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f\]j RYkk]jjY‘e]fja[‘ldafa] \mj[‘^~‘j]f rm c}ff]f* De @j_]Zfak \a]k]j =]o]jlmf_ omj\]f \a]=]dYklmf_k_]Za]l] rm\]e af Kjagjal|lkklm^]f ^~j \Yk Hgfalgjaf_ ]af_jmhha]jl* ?a] ae @j_]Zfak \a])k]j QYda\a]jmf_ _]ogff]f]f F]fflfakk] ~Z]j \a] =]dYklmf_k_]Za]l] Zad\]f \a] Bjmf\dY_] ^~j \a]gh]jYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_*

4PP& <<&,%+6 7L\]^PVV_XR OP\ 5PVL]^_XR]RPMTP^P TX MPd_R L_Q OTP :\_XOaL]]P\Uk\ZP\

Ua]d \]j gh]jYlan]f zZ]joY[‘mf_ akl ]k( \Yk Q]j‘Ydl]f \]j ^~j \a] B]^|‘j\mf_ eY{_]Zda[‘]fN[‘Y\klg^^] ae Bjmf\oYkk]j kgoa] eY{_]Zda[‘] Nlg^^]aflj|_] af \Yk JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]j rm Z]g)ZY[‘l]f* ?a] gh]jYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_ Zad\]l ]af]jk]alk \a] Bjmf\dY_] ^~j \a] A]kld]_mf_ ngf HY{)fY‘e]f mf\ Yf\]j]jk]alk \a]fl ka] Ym[‘ \]j Fgfljgdd] \]j RajckYec]al \]j HY{fY‘e]hjg_jYee]kgoa] \]j Oj]f\mfl]jkm[‘mf_

?a] zZ]jZda[ck~Z]joY[‘mf_ oaj\ af Ydd]f Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf ngj_]fgee]f mf\ ‘Yl ^gd_]f\]<m^_YZ]f6

· @afklm^mf_ \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j af \]f _ml]f+k[‘d][‘l]f [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\(

· Oj]f\]jealldmf_(

· zZ]joY[‘mf_ afl]jfYlagfYd _j]fr~Z]jk[‘j]al]f\]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j kgoa] \]j Bjmf\)oYkk]jc}jh]j( af \]f]f OjafcoYkk]j ]flfgee]f oaj\(

· @jc]ff]f fYl~jda[‘]j g\]j Yfl‘jghg_]f n]jmjkY[‘l]j Q]j|f\]jmf_]f \]j Bjmf\oYkk]j)imYdal|l(

· =]aljY_ rmj QYda\a]jmf_ \]j <fYdqk]f mf\ zZ]jhj~^mf_]f _]e|{ <jl* 1 @B)RMMG(

· =]j]alkl]ddmf_ ngf Df^gjeYlagf]f ^~j \a] <Zk[‘|lrmf_ ngf GYf_r]al]floa[cdmf_]f fYl~jda)[‘]j =]\af_mf_]f mf\ \]j Yfl‘jghg_]f]j N[‘Y\klg^^_]‘Ydl]*

46

?Yk H]kkf]lr ^~j \a] ~Z]jZda[cko]ak] zZ]joY[‘mf_ af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] akl ]Z]fkg oa] \Ykgh]jYlan] H]kkf]lr Ym^ \]j Bjmf\dY_] \]j \]jr]al af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf Z]kl]‘]f\]fH]kkf]lr] RYkk]jklYf\ mf\ RYkk]jZ]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al ]flklYf\]f* ?Yrm omj\]f fY[‘ ]af]j ]af_])‘]f\]f <fYdqk] \]j H]kkf]lr] mfl]j =]j~[cka[‘la_mf_ \]j Ad|[‘]fYfl]ad] \]j =]dYklmf_k_]Za]l]aff]j‘YdZ \]k b]o]ada_]f Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jk( \]j ‘q\jg_]gdg_ak[‘]f $=]\][cmf_% mf\ fYlmj)j|meda[‘]f $GYf\fmlrmf_% >‘YjYcl]jaklacY j]hj|k]flYlan] H]kkkl]dd]f Ymk_]o|‘dl*

?a] H]kkf]lr] _]o|‘jd]akl]f afcdmkan] a‘j]j ^gjlk[‘j]al]f\]f Jhlaea]jmf_ ]af] dYf_^jakla_ Yf_])d]_l] zZ]joY[‘mf_( \Y fmj kg ]af] @j^Ykkmf_ \]j r]alda[‘]f @floa[cdmf_ \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jZ]k[‘Y^)^]f‘]al e}_da[‘ akl* ?]k‘YdZ omj\]f \a] H]kkkl]dd]f Ym[‘ ae CafZda[c Ym^ a‘j] dYf_] ImlrZYjc]almf\ G]Z]fk\Ym]j Ymk_]o|‘dl*

?Yk B~l]e]kkf]lr me^Ykkl -/2 H]kkkl]dd]f $zZ]jZda[cke]kkkl]dd]f mf\ gh]jYlan] H]kkkl]dd]f%*

Df <fd]‘fmf_ Yf \a] <f^gj\]jmf_]f Ymk \]f Yf_j]fr]f\]f Adm{_]Za]lk_]e]afk[‘Y^l]f mf\ \]fe]l‘g\ak[‘]f Bjmf\k|lr]f \]j Z]fY[‘ZYjl]f =mf\]kd|f\]j omj\] .,,3 mf\ .,,4 ]af]zZ]joY[‘mf_ Ydd]j H]kkkl]dd]f fY[‘ ]af]e n]j_d]a[‘ZYj]f H]kkhjg_jYee \mj[‘_]^~‘jl* ?]jKYjYe]l]jme^Yf_ omj\] af <fd]‘fmf_ Yf \a] Agj\]jmf_]f \]j RMMG( \]j Og[‘l]jja[‘ldafa] mf\}jlda[‘]j <f^gj\]jmf_]f ^]kl_]d]_l* ?YfY[‘ ]j_aZl ka[‘ ^gd_]f\]j KYjYe]l]jme^Yf_6

Qgj)Jjl)H]kkmf_]f

O]eh]jYlmj( NYm]jklg^^( A|jZmf_( Oj~Zmf_( B]jm[‘( G]al^|‘a_c]al( hC) R]jl( M]\gp)Kgl]flaYd( N|mj])cYhYral|l Fk 0(/( =Yk]cYhYral|l F= 4(.(

GYZgje]kkmf_]f

Ymk \]j ^adlja]jl]f KjgZ]6 >Yd[ame( HY_f]kame( IYljame( FYdame( >‘dgja\( Nmd^Yl( @ak]f _]kYel(HYf_Yf( <eegfame( IaljYl( Ialjal( Jjl‘gh‘gkh‘Yl( =gj( <dmeafame

N[‘o]je]lYdd] mf\ <jk]f

<jk]f( =d]a( >Y\eame( >‘jge( Fmh^]j( Ia[c]d( Lm][ckadZ]j( Uafc( QYfY\ame

K^dYfr]fk[‘mlreall]d $KNH%

?Yk Pfl]jkm[‘mf_khjg_jYee omj\] af <fd]‘fmf_ Yf \a] Ada]{_]o|kk]j mf\ fY[‘ M~[ckhjY[‘]eal B]kmf\‘]alk|el]jf( RYkk]jn]jkgj_]jf mf\ Fa]kZ]lj]aZ]jf ^]kl_]d]_l*

QJ>)QgdYlad] Jj_Yfa[ >gehgmf\

?a[‘dgje]l‘Yf( Oja[‘dgje]l‘Yf( O]ljY[‘dgje]l‘Yf( C]pY[‘dgjZmlY\a]f( -(.)?a[‘dgj]l‘Yf -(-(-)Oja[‘dgj]l‘Yf( Oja[‘dgj]l‘]f( O]ljY[‘dgj]l‘]f

7WS nPS‘PZWQYarPS‘eOQVc\U RSa QVS[WaQVS\ :‘c\ReOaaS‘hcabO\RSa

?Yk H]kkf]lr rmj zZ]jZda[ck~Z]joY[‘mf_ me^Ykkl 2. H]kkkl]dd]f*

?a] ~Z]jZda[cko]ak] zZ]joY[‘mf_ omj\] .,,3 mf\ .,,4 ]afeYd Yf Ydd]f H]kkkl]dd]f \mj[‘_])^~‘jl* Df <Z‘|f_a_c]al ngf \]f H]kk]j_]Zfakk]f mf\ \]f ngjda]_]f\]f F]fflfakk]f rmj ‘q\jg_]g)dg_ak[‘]f NalmYlagf ]af]k Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jk oaj\ ]flk[‘a]\]f( gZ af \]f Agd_]bY‘j]f k]dl]f]jZ]hjgZl o]j\]f cYff Zro* afoa]o]al Ym[‘ ]af] ‘|m^a_]j] =]hjgZmf_ ae MY‘e]f \]k gh]jYlan]fHgfalgjaf_k Ym^_jmf\ f]m]j =]dYklmf_kk[‘o]jhmfcl] ]j^gd_]f kgddl]* ** ?]j KYjYe]l]jme^Yf_ \]kBjmf\e]kkhjg_jYeek akl a\]flak[‘ eal \]e \]j gh]jYlan]f zZ]joY[‘mf_* K^dYfr]fk[‘mlreall]do]j\]f Yf Ymk_]o|‘dl]f H]kkkl]dd]f mfl]jkm[‘l*

47

7WS B^S‘ObWdS nPS‘eOQVc\U RSa QVS[WaQVS\ :‘c\ReOaaS‘hcabO\RSa

?Yk H]kkf]lr rmj gh]jYlan]f zZ]joY[‘mf_ Z]^af\]l ka[‘ af \]f j]_agfYdaka]jl]f =]dYklmf_k_]Za])l]f* Ua]d \]j gh]jYlan]f zZ]joY[‘mf_ akl ]k( \Yk Q]j‘Ydl]f \]j ^~j \a] B]^|‘j\mf_ eY{_]Zda[‘]fN[‘Y\klg^^] ae Bjmf\oYkk]j kgoa] ka_fa^acYfl] Nlg^^]aflj|_] af \Yk JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]j rm Z]g)ZY[‘l]f* ?a] gh]jYlan] zZ]joY[‘mf_ Zad\]l ]af]jk]alk ]af] \]j Bjmf\dY_]f ^~j \a] A]kld]_mf_ ngfHY{fY‘e]f mf\ \a]fl Yf\]j]jk]alk \]j Fgfljgdd] \]j RajckYec]al \]j HY{fY‘e]hjg_jYee] kg)oa] \]j Oj]f\mfl]jkm[‘mf_*

?Yk Ymk_]oa]k]f] gh]jYlan] H]kkf]lr \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] me^Ykkl afk_]kYel 30 H]kkkl]dd]f*

?Yk gh]jYlan] H]kkhjg_jYee ka]‘l \]jr]al ngj( \a] H]kkkl]dd]f ro]aeYd b|‘jda[‘ rm mfl]jkm[‘]f*

7WS nPS‘eOQVc\U RSa [S\US\[poWUS\ :‘c\ReOaaS‘hcabO\RSa

?a] imYflalYlan] Bjmf\oYkk]j~Z]joY[‘mf_ \a]fl af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ngj Ydd]e \]j D\]fla^a)ra]jmf_ ngf

· kafc]f\]f Bjmf\oYkk]jkl|f\]f af^gd_] zZ]jfmlrmf_ mf\ cdaeYlak[‘]f xf\]jmf_]f(

· f]_Ylan]f <mkoajcmf_]f Ym^ \a] eal \]e Bjmf\oYkk]j af Q]jZaf\mf_ kl]‘]f\]f GYf\)}cgkqkl]e] mf\ JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j mf\

· NYdrafljmkagf]f af^gd_] zZ]jfmlrmf_*

Hal \]j imYflalYlan]f Bjmf\oYkk]j~Z]joY[‘mf_ c}ff]f \a] @j_]Zfakk] \]j ]jkleYda_]f mf\ \]jo]al]j_]‘]f\]f =]k[‘j]aZmf_ \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j fY[‘ <f‘Yf_ DD \]j RMMG n]ja^ara]jl o]j)\]f* IY[‘ \]j Pek]lrmf_ kh]ra^ak[‘]j HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee] kgdd eal \]j e]f_]fe|{a_]fBjmf\oYkk]j~Z]joY[‘mf_ ~Z]jhj~^l o]j\]f( o]d[‘] Rajcmf_ \a] HY{fY‘e]f ‘Yll]f mf\ gZ \a]e]f_]fe|{a_]f Ua]d] \mj[‘ \a] HY{fY‘e]f ]jj]a[‘l omj\]f*

?a] <frY‘d \]j H]kkkl]dd]f akl YZ‘|f_a_ ngf \]f ‘q\jg_]gdg_ak[‘]f B]_]Z]f‘]al]f mf\ \]j b])o]ada_]f KjgZd]ekl]ddmf_* @af] ]af‘]alda[‘] H]kkkl]dd]f\a[‘l]( \a] ^~j \a] _]kYel] Admkk_]Za]lk)]af‘]al _]dl]f kgdd( akl \Y‘]j fa[‘l ra]d^~‘j]f\* Dfk_]kYel oaj\ eal Pek]lrmf_ \]j H]kkf]lrcgf)r]hlagf Yf .3. H]kkkl]dd]f \]j e]f_]fe|{a_] UmklYf\ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk ]j^Ykkl*

?a] Oa]^]fdY_] \]j Aadl]j mf\ a‘j] Nl]ddmf_ ae Bjmf\oYkk]jd]al]jcgehd]p akl Z]a Ydd]f H]kkkl]dd]fZ]cYffl* ?a] H]‘jrY‘d \]j H]kkkl]dd]f Z]^af\]l ka[‘ af ]af]e Oa]^]fZ]j]a[‘ roak[‘]f -, mf\ 1, emfl]j B]d|f\] mf\ j]hj|k]fla]jl \Yeal \]f gZ]j^d|[‘]ffY‘]f _jg{^d|[‘a_ rmkYee]f‘|f_]f\]fBjmf\oYkk]jd]al]j* ?]j _j}{l] O]ad o]akl Ymkj]a[‘]f\ dYf_] U]alj]a‘]f ngf ., Zak /, EY‘j]f Ym^*

CO‘O[SbS‘ c\R @SaaT‘S_cS\h

HY{_]Z]f\]j KYjYe]l]j( \]j ]af] zZ]jfmlrmf_ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk [‘YjYcl]jaka]j]f cYff( akl \]jBjmf\oYkk]jklYf\* ?YZ]a akl fa[‘l fmj \]j b]o]adk _]e]kk]f] R]jl j]d]nYfl( kgf\]jf Ym[‘ k]afN[‘oYfcmf_kZ]j]a[‘ mf\ \a] dYf_^jakla_] @floa[cdmf_ \]j RYkk]jkl|f\]* Df\acYlgjhYjYe]l]j ^~jNYdrafljmkagf]f( \a] \mj[‘ rm _jg{] Bjmf\oYkk]j]flfY‘e]f n]jmjkY[‘l o]j\]f( akl afkZ]kgf\]j]\a] G]al^|‘a_c]al( \a] _]e|{ <f‘Yf_ Q RMMG =]klYf\l]ad \]k H]kkhjg_jYeek akl( kgoa] \Yj~Z]j‘afYmk >‘dgja\] mf\ Nmd^Yl]* <dk Fjal]ja]f ^~j \a] A]kld]_mf_ \]k Haf\]kle]kkafl]jnYddk omj\]f ngjYdd]e \a] ‘q\jg_]gdg_ak[‘]f Q]j‘|dlfakk] ‘]jYf_]rg_]f* Ng cYff Z]a Bjmf\oYkk]jd]al]jf( af \])f]f \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jklYf\ ]af] _]jaf_] aff]jb|‘jda[‘] N[‘oYfcmf_kZj]al] Ym^o]akl( ]af _j}{]j]kzZ]joY[‘mf_kafl]jnYdd Ymkj]a[‘]f\ k]af*

Ng^]jf \a] <mko]jlmf_ fY[‘ <f‘Yf_ DD \]j RMMG ]af] zZ]jfmlrmf_ \]j n]j^~_ZYj]f Bjmf\oYkk]j)j]kkgmj[] Z]^~j[‘l]f d|kkl( oaj\ eaf\]kl]fk ]afeYd hjg HgfYl _]e]kk]f* <Zo]a[‘mf_]f \Yngfc}ff]f af <Z‘|f_a_c]al nge Bjmf\oYkk]jj]_ae] ^]kl_]d]_l o]j\]f* ?]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f Ymk \]jRYkk]jjY‘e]fja[‘ldafa] oaj\ eal ]af]j H]kk^j]im]fr ngf eaf\]kl]fk 0 eYd ae HgfYl ]flkhjg[‘]f*

48

?a] <mkj~klmf_ \]j H]kkkl]dd]f eal ?Yl]fkYeed]jf( \a] ]af] \a[‘l]j] ?Yl]fe]f_] da]^]jf( ‘YlZ]_gff]f mf\ akl Z]j]a[‘ko]ak] k[‘gf o]al ^gjl_]k[‘jall]f*

AScPOc d]\ :‘c\ReOaaS‘[SaaabSZZS\

?]j H]kkkl]dd]fZ]klYf\ Zro* )f]mZYm oaj\ _jmf\k|lrda[‘ Ym^ \a] af <ZZ* DD*0)/ \Yj_]kl]ddl]f =]dYk)lmf_k_]Za]l] Ymk_]ja[‘l]l*I]m] H]kkkl]dd]f kgdd]f Yf \]fb]fa_]f NlYf\gjl]f ]af_]ja[‘l]l o]j\]f( Yf \]f]f ngj‘Yf\]f]H]kkkl]dd]f ^~j ]af] \Ym]j‘Y^l] zZ]jfY‘e] af \Yk =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]alke]kkf]lr fa[‘l _]]a_f]l kaf\(r* =* CYmk) mf\ Rajlk[‘Y^lkZjmff]f kgoa] \gjl( og l][‘fak[‘ eYf_]d‘Y^l] H]kkkl]dd]f ngj‘Yf\]fkaf\* @af I]mZYm oaj\ Ym[‘ fglo]f\a_ Yf \]fb]fa_]f Nl]dd]f( Yf \]f]f c]af] _]]a_f]l] H]kkkl]dd]a\]fla^ara]jl o]j\]f cgffl]* Df <Z‘|f_a_c]al ngf \]j Kjagjal|l \]k =]dYklmf_kjYme]k omj\] af \]fd]lrl]f EY‘j]f ]af I]mZYm ]flkhj][‘]f\]j H]kkkl]dd]f ngj_]fgee]f* ?Yk I]mZYm) mf\ Q]j\a[‘)lmf_ke]kkf]lrhjg_jYee oaj\ o]al]j ghlaea]jl mf\ ^gjl_]k]lrl* Df \]f Agd_]bY‘j]f oaj\ o]al]j Yf\]j Pek]lrmf_ _]YjZ]al]l*

<<&,&*&* 6VS[WaQVS‘ LcabO\R RSa :‘c\ReOaaS‘a

?]j [‘]eak[‘] UmklYf\ \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j oaj\ kgog‘d af \]j Yclm]dd]f =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al YdkYm[‘ af k]af]j r]alda[‘]f @floa[cdmf_ [‘YjYcl]jaka]jl* A~j \a] <fYdqk] o]j\]f eaf\]kl]fk \a] af \]jOg[‘l]jja[‘ldafa] Bjmf\oYkk]j fY[‘ <jlac]d -3 @B)RMMG $Ma[‘ldafa] .,,2+--4+@B nge -.*-.*.,,2% af\]f <f‘|f_]f D mf\ DD ngj_]_]Z]f]f =]mjl]admf_khYjYe]l]j ‘]jYf_]rg_]f* Pe \]f zZ]j_Yf_nge _ml]f rme k[‘d][‘l]f UmklYf\ eYjca]j]f rm c}ff]f( o]j\]f ^~j \a] =]o]jlmf_ \a] Ym^ \]j@P)@Z]f] ngj_]_]Z]f]f LmYdal|lkfgje]f Zro* Ym^ fYlagfYd]j @Z]f] ^]kl_]d]_l]f N[‘o]dd]fo]jl]n]jo]f\]l* De Qgj_ja^^ Ym^ \a] Z]YZka[‘la_l] Qgj_YZ] af ]af]j =mf\]kn]jgj\fmf_ rmj Pek]lrmf_\]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,2+--4+@B o]j\]f Ym^ \]j Bjmf\dY_] ]af]j ^Y[‘da[‘]f @eh^]‘dmf_ \]k G<R<)<mkk[‘mkk]k Bjmf\oYkk]j+RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ $G<R< .,,4% \a] B]jaf_^~_a_c]alkk[‘o]dd]fo]jl]\]j G<R< $G<R< .,,0% Ydk N[‘o]dd]fo]jl] fY[‘ <f‘Yf_ DD \]j g*_* Ma[‘ldafa] n]jo]f\]l* Ga]_]f\a] _]g_]f]f Cafl]j_jmf\cgfr]fljYlagf]f ~Z]j \]f N[‘o]dd]fo]jl]f( cYff ae @afr]d^Ydd \]j ]j)‘}‘l] Cafl]j_jmf\o]jl Yf Nl]dd] \]k N[‘o]dd]fo]jl]k lj]l]f*

?a] Bjmf\oYkk]j~Z]joY[‘mf_ kgdd ae CafZda[c Ym^ \a] fYl~jda[‘]f @a_]fk[‘Y^l]f mf\ \a] =]dYk)lmf_kkalmYlagf \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jk \a] lYlk|[‘da[‘] B~l]kalmYlagf j]hj|k]flYlan oa\]jkha])_]df* R]al]j‘af dYkk]f \a] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_k]j_]Zfakk] M~[ck[‘d~kk] ~Z]j \a] <mkoajcmf_]f \]jBjmf\oYkk]jZ]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al Ym^ \a] af ‘q\jYmdak[‘]e FgflYcl kl]‘]f\]f JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jmf\ GYf\}cgkqkl]e] rm* ?a] zZ]joY[‘mf_ke]kkf]lr] kaf\ \Y‘]j kg cgfraha]jl( \Ykk \]j Agcmk\]j zZ]joY[‘mf_ Ym^ \]f gZ]j]f _jg{^d|[‘a_ rmkYee]f‘|f_]f\]f CYmhl_jmf\oYkk]jd]al]j YZ)ra]dl mf\ \a] Q]jl]admf_ \]j H]kkkl]dd]f \a] hj|_]f\]f ‘q\jg_]gdg_ak[‘]f B]_]Z]f‘]al]f kgoa]\a] =]dYklmf_k) mf\ \Yeal B]^|‘j\mf_kkalmYlagf ]af]k Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jk oa\]jkha]_]dl*

?a] Ym^ \a]k] R]ak] ]j‘gZ]f]f zZ]joY[‘mf_k\Yl]f \]j ]afr]df]f H]kkkl]dd]f a*Q*e* eal dYf\]k)o]al ]j_|fr]f\ ]j‘gZ]f]f B~l]\Yl]f omj\]f ^~j \a] =]o]jlmf_ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jk fY[‘\]e af =Y\]f)R~jll]eZ]j_ ]floa[c]dl]f M]_agfYdaka]jmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f NDHDF’ Y__j]_a]jl mf\ \]jUmklYf\ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jk _]e|{ \]f Qgjk[‘ja^l]f \]j Og[‘l]jja[‘ldafa] Bjmf\oYkk]j \mj[‘Q]j_d]a[‘ eal \]f LmYdal|lkfgje]f mf\ N[‘o]dd]fo]jl]f kgoa] ae CafZda[c Ym^ ]af] =]]aflj|[‘la)_mf_ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j g\]j ka_fa^acYfl] N[‘|\a_mf_ \]j GYf\}cgkqkl]e] Z]o]jl]l*

<dk rmk|lrda[‘] Df^gjeYlagf rme [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk n]jdYf_l \a] Ma[‘ldafa].,,,+2,+@B \a] <f_YZ] ngf Oj]f\k \]j N[‘Y\klg^^cgfr]fljYlagf]f* $<fe]jcmf_6 hjYclak[‘ fa[‘lj]Ydaka]jZYj( Ydkg c]af] Q]jkhj][‘mf_]f%* ?a] Oj]f\YfYdqk] oaj\ Yf Ydd]f H]kkkl]dd]f ^~j Ydd] j]d])nYfl]f KYjYe]l]j fY[‘ \]j ae G<R< ) <mkk[‘mkk Bjmf\oYkk]j +RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ n]j]afZYjl]fQgj_]‘]fko]ak] $G<R< .,,4% \mj[‘_]^~‘jl* @k akl rm ]joYjl]f( \Ykk fa[‘l ~Z]jYdd n]jo]jlZYj] <dl)\Yl]f ngjda]_]f mf\ \Y‘]j ae ]jkl]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kr]aljYme fg[‘ fa[‘l ^~j b]\]f RYkk]jc}jh]j]af] _]ka[‘]jl] Oj]f\YmkkY_] _]ljg^^]f o]j\]f cYff*

49

<<&,&*&+ @S\US\[poWUS‘ LcabO\R RSa :‘c\ReOaaS‘a

?]j e]f_]fe|{a_] UmklYf\ ]af]k Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jk omj\] af \qfYeak[‘]j Cafka[‘l( \Yk ‘]a{laf k]af]j r]alda[‘]f @floa[cdmf_( Z]o]jl]l* ?a] H]kk_j}{]f Bjmf\oYkk]jklYf\ mf\ >‘dgja\cgf)r]fljYlagf $Ydk Df\acYlgj ^~j Q]jkYdrmf_ af^gd_] ]af]j zZ]jfmlrmf_% af a‘j]j r]alda[‘]f @floa[cdmf_kaf\ Bjmf\dY_] \]j UmklYf\kZ]k[‘j]aZmf_ mf\ )Z]o]jlmf_* ?a] H]f_]fZadYfr ]af]k Bjmf\oYk)k]jc}jh]jk \Yj^ \mj[‘ Yfl‘jghg_]f] @af_ja^^] fa[‘l \]jYjl Z]]af^dmkkl o]j\]f( \Ykk ]af ^gjldYm^]f)\]j QgjjYlkn]jdmkl Ym^ljall* ?]e]flkhj][‘]f\ mfl]jda]_l \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jkha]_]d c]af]f Yfl‘jghg)_]f]f N[‘oYfcmf_]f( af \]j]f Agd_] Yf_]k[‘dgkk]f] JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j) Zro* GYf\}cgkqkl])e] ka_fa^acYfl _]k[‘|\a_l o]j\]f* <dk Fjal]ja]f ^~j ]af]f kgd[‘]f QgjjYlkn]jdmkl omj\]f \a]f]flj]f\‘Y^l YZ^Ydd]f\] Bjmf\oYkk]jkl|f\] g\]j ]af IY[‘klj}e]f ngf n]jkYdr]f]e Oa]^]f_jmf\oYk)k]j*

?a] @floa[cdmf_ \]j >‘dgja\_]‘Ydl] akl Ydk Cafo]ak Ym^ NYdroYkk]jrmklj}e] ^~j \a] e]f_]fe|{a_]zZ]joY[‘mf_ ngf =]\]mlmf_( gZog‘d \a]k]j KYjYe]l]j af \]j KjYpak ]‘]j \]j [‘]eak[‘]f zZ]j)oY[‘mf_ rmrmj][‘f]f o|j]* @af] ka_fa^acYfl kl]a_]f\] >‘dgja\cgfr]fljYlagf]f af ]af]j \]j zZ]j)oY[‘mf_kkl]dd]f akl Ydk ]af Cafo]ak Ym^ ]af] e}_da[‘] zZ]jfmlrmf_ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jk rmZ]o]jl]f*

Df \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] kaf\ ^~j \a] Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j RYdd]fkl]af_jYZ]f mf\ N[‘o]jaf]jN]]+RYjfgo \mj[‘ _jg{] Bjmf\oYkk]j]flfY‘e]f mf\ mf_~fkla_] Pfl]j_jmf\n]j‘|dlfakk] e]f)_]fe|{a_] =]dYklmf_]f fa[‘l Ymkrmk[‘da]{]f* Ca]j oaj\ ]af d|f_]j^jakla_]k Hgfalgjaf_ Df^gjeYlag)f]f ~Z]j \]f e]f_]fe|{a_]f UmklYf\ da]^]jf* <dd] ~Zja_]f Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j r]a_]f c]af]Cafo]ak] Ym^ Yfl‘jghg_]f Z]\af_l] QgjjYlkn]jdmkl]* ?]erm^gd_] akl \]j e]f_]fe|{a_] UmklYf\\a]k]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j Ydk _ml rm Z]mjl]ad]f*

<<&,&+ FQVcbhUSPWSbS

B]e|{ <jlac]d 4 mf\ <f‘Yf_ Q @B)RMMG akl \]j UmklYf\ \]j N[‘mlr_]Za]l] af Agje ngf FYjl]f\Yjrmkl]dd]f* ?a]k Z]lja^^l ^gd_]f\] B]Za]l]6

· RYkk]jc}jh]j eal @flfY‘e]f ngf OjafcoYkk]j(

· B]Za]l] rme N[‘mlr oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘ Z]\]ml]f\]j YimYlak[‘]j <jl]f(

· @j‘gdmf_k) mf\ =Y\]_]o|kk]j(

· I|‘jklg^^k]fkaZd] B]Za]l](

· Qg_]dk[‘mlr) mf\ AAC)B]Za]l](

· Aak[‘) mf\ Hmk[‘]d_]o|kk]j*

<<&,&+&) nPS‘eOQVc\U c\R LcabO\R RS‘ :SPWSbS Tr‘ RWS 8\b\OV[S d]\ JOaaS‘Tr‘ RS\ [S\aQVZWQVS\ :SP‘OcQV \OQV 4‘bWYSZ / 8:%JEE?

RYkk]jc}jh]j( Ymk \]f]f \mj[‘k[‘fallda[‘ l|_da[‘ e]‘j Ydk -,, e/ OjafcoYkk]j ]flfgee]f o]j)\]f( o]j\]f \]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f \]k <jlac]d 3 @B)RMMG _]e|{( ae MY‘e]f \]j ~Z]jZda[cko]ak]fzZ]joY[‘mf_ fY[‘ MG .,,,+2,+@B ~Z]joY[‘l* <dd] OjafcoYkk]j]flfY‘e]f mfl]jda]_]f \]j zZ]j)oY[‘mf_ \mj[‘ \a] B]kmf\‘]alk|el]j \]k GYf\]k H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf fY[‘ s -4 ^^*OjafcoQ* ?a] zZ]joY[‘mf_k]j_]Zfakk] ^~j <fdY_]f : -*,,, ev+\ mfl]jda]_]f Ym{]j\]e \]j H]d)\]h^da[‘l fY[‘ \]j @B)OjafcoYkk]jja[‘ldafa]*

Df \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al o]j\]f Z]a Ydd]f Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf \a] g* _* Fjal]ja]f ]jj]a[‘l* <dd]OjafcoYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_kYfdY_]f _]Z]f \]f Qgjk[‘ja^l]f \]j OjafcoYkk]jn]jgj\fmf_ ]flkhj][‘]f)

50

\]k RYkk]j YZ*

A]jf]j o]j\]f Z]a ]af]e JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j \a] g* _* Fjal]ja]f ]jj]a[‘l* @k ‘Yf\]dl ka[‘ me]af]f JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j \]j RYjfgo( Ymk \]e OjafcoYkk]j ^~j \]f _j}{l]f O]ad \]j @af)og‘f]j \]j CYfk]klY\l Mgklg[c Z]rg_]f oaj\* @af] ?Yjkl]ddmf_ \a]k]k RYkk]jc}jh]jk ]fl‘|dl FYjl]1 $FYjl]fYf‘Yf_%* ?]j RYkk]jc}jh]j Z]^af\]l ka[‘ ‘afka[‘lda[‘ k]af]j Imlrmf_ ^~j \a] @flfY‘e]ngf RYkk]j ^~j \]f e]fk[‘da[‘]f B]ZjYm[‘ af ]af]e _ml]f UmklYf\*

<<&,&+&* LcabO\R eSWbS‘S‘ FQVcbhUSPWSbS

?Y \a] UmklYf\kZ]k[‘j]aZmf_ ^~j \a] o]al]j]f B]Za]l] fY[‘ _]e|{ \]j b]o]ada_]f Ma[‘ldafa] ~Z]j]a_]fkl|f\a_] =]ja[‘l] Yf \a] @P ]j^gd_l( c}ff]f \a]k] <f_YZ]f ‘a]j ]fl^Ydd]f*

51

<<&- ?WabS RS‘ 5SeW‘baQVOTbc\UahWSZS US[po 4‘bWYSZ , 8:%JEE?

DD*1*- zZ]jj]_agfYd] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d] mf\ oa[‘la_] RYkk]jZ]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]fDD*1*. =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d] ^~j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jDD*1*.*- F~fklda[‘ mf\ ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl] JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]jDD*1*.*. <mkfY‘e]fDD*1*.*/ Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_]f $<jl* 0 <Zk* 0 @B)RMMG%DD*1*.*0 R]fa_]j klj]f_] Peo]dlra]d] $<jl* 0 <Zk* 1 @B)@MMG%DD*1*.*1 Qgj~Z]j_]‘]f\] Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_]f $<jl* 0 <Zk* 2% @B)RMMGDD*1*.*2 xf\]jmf_]f \]j h‘qkak[‘]f @a_]fk[‘Y^l]f ngf JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]jf( \]k K]_]dk ngf

Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf( Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_ nge k]‘j _ml]f rme _ml]f UmklYf\ af^gd_] ]af]jf]m]f fY[‘‘Ydla_]f Yfl‘jghg_]f]f @floa[cdmf_kl|la_c]al $<jl* 0 <Zk* 3 @B)RMMG%

DD*1*/ =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d] ^~j N[‘mlr_]Za]l]

<<&-&) nPS‘‘SUW]\OZS 5SeW‘baQVOTbc\UahWSZS c\R eWQVbWUS JOaaS‘PSeW‘baQVOT%bc\UaT‘OUS\

@af oa[‘la_]j N[‘jall rm ]af]j ^dmkk_]Za]lko]al]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_ \]j B]o|kk]j akl \a] A]klkl]ddmf_\]j ^~j \Yk @afrm_k_]Za]l oa[‘la_]f RYkk]jZ]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f* @af] Bjmf\dY_] ‘a]j^~j Zad\]l\a] Z]j]alk @f\] .,,0 \mj[‘_]^~‘jl] =]mjl]admf_ \]j NalmYlagf \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j mf\ \]kBjmf\oYkk]jk $n_d* =]ja[‘l =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e]( GPIB .,,1%* ?Yjaf oaj\ \]mlda[‘( \Ykk ]af] Qa]drY‘d\]j B]o|kk]j Z]r~_da[‘ Ydd]j rm Z]mjl]ad]f\]f KYjYe]l]j fg[‘ fa[‘l \]f af \]j @B)RMMG ^gjem)da]jl]f Peo]dlra]d]f ]flkhja[‘l* ?a] afroak[‘]f \mj[‘ \a] QgjYjZ]al]f rmj <m^kl]ddmf_ \]k =]oajl)k[‘Y^lmf_khdYfk _]ogff]f]f @jc]fflfakk] ‘afka[‘lda[‘ \]j o]k]flda[‘kl]f @floa[cdmf_k\]^aral]Z]kl|la_]f \a]k] @afk[‘|lrmf_*

De o]k]flda[‘]f d]al]f ka[‘ \a] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d] Ymk ^gd_]f\]f MYf\Z]\af_mf_]f YZ6

· Imlr]f \]j Ua]d]jj]a[‘mf_ ^~j Peo]dl( Rajlk[‘Y^l mf\ B]k]ddk[‘Y^l(

· UmklYf\ \]j B]o|kk]j af <mko]jlmf_ \]j zZ]joY[‘mf_k]j_]Zfakk] mf\ \a] £@fl^]jfmf_ ngeUa]d \]k _ml]f UmklYf\k ¢(

· Q]j‘|dlfake|{a_c]al \]j ]joYjl]l]f Fgkl]f ^~j \a] Pek]lrmf_ \]j HY{fY‘e]f(

· Rajcmf_( ?mj[‘^~‘jZYjc]al mf\ Fgkl]f]^^ara]fr ngf HY{fY‘e]f(

· <cr]hlYfr ngf HY{fY‘e]f \mj[‘ \a] =]ljg^^]f]f mf\

· Pfka[‘]j‘]al]f af Z]rm_ Ym^ =]o]jlmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f ^~j \]f _ml]f UmklYf\( \]f BjY\ \]j Ua]d]j)j]a[‘mf_ mf\ \a] <f_YZ] ngf Fgkl]f*

I]Z]f ?]^aral]f( \a] fmj dgcYd] g\]j j]_agfYd] <mkoajcmf_]f ‘YZ]f( _aZl ]k Ym[‘ B]o|kk]jZ]dYk)lmf_]f( \a] Ym^ \a] _]kYel] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f] oajc]f mf\ Ym^_jmf\ a‘j]j Ydd_])e]af]f Q]jZj]almf_ mf\ \]j _jg{]f C|m^a_c]al a‘j]k <m^lj]l]fk rm \]f Z]kgf\]jk rm Z]‘Yf\]df)\]f KjgZd]e]f af \]j AB@ r|‘d]f* ?YZ]a ‘Yf\]dl ]k ka[‘ me6

)& ;gR‘][]‘^V]Z]UWaQVS IS‘p\RS‘c\US\ RS‘ BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘

*& FWU\WTWYO\bS ab]TTZWQVS 5SZOabc\US\ Rc‘QV ApV‘ab]TTS

Ydk ~Z]jj]_agfYd] oa[‘la_] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f mf\

+& JSWbS‘S eWQVbWUS JOaaS‘PSeW‘baQVOTbc\UaT‘OUS\ ‘SUW]\OZS‘ 5SRScbc\U

?a] Z]a\]f ]jkl_]fYffl]f ?]^aral_jmhh]f n]j]af]f ]af] Qa]drY‘d ]afr]df]j KjgZd]e] mfl]j ]af]jzZ]jk[‘ja^l* Pe \a] Peo]dlra]d] \]j @B)RMMG ^~j e}_da[‘kl na]d] B]o|kk]j rm ]jj]a[‘]f( akl ]k]j^gj\]jda[‘( rmj =]k]ala_mf_ afkZ]kgf\]j] \a]k]j ‘|m^a_kl]f ?]^aral] HY{fY‘e]f rm ]j_j]a^]f( \a]\YjYm^ Ymk_]ja[‘l]l kaf\( \a] B]o|kk]j af ]af]e _ml]f UmklYf\ rm ]j‘Ydl]f g\]j ka] \gjl‘af \mj[‘_]]a_f]l] mf\ ]^^ara]fl] HY{fY‘e]f rm ~Z]j^~‘j]f*

52

Ngo]al dYf_^jakla_] @floa[cdmf_kZ]k[‘j|fcmf_]f fa[‘l ]fl_]_]fkl]‘]f( akl rm hj~^]f( o]d[‘]HY{fY‘e]f ]j^gj\]jda[‘( _]]a_f]l mf\ Yf_]e]kk]f kaf\( \a]k]f _ml]f B]o|kk]jrmklYf\ rm ]jj]a)[‘]f* A~j ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl] g\]j c~fklda[‘] B]o|kk]j _]dl]f Yf\]j] @floa[cdmf_keY{kl|Z]* Dfa‘f]f akl ]af _ml]k }cgdg_ak[‘]k Kgl]flaYd rm ]floa[c]df*

?a] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d] \]j @B)RMMG kaf\ af <jlac]d 0 fa]\]j_]d]_l* ?a]k] Ua]d] ^~j JZ]j^d|[‘]f)mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j kaf\ af \]j OYZ]dd] DD*1)- rmkYee]f_]^Ykkl*

BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘ :‘c\ReOaaS‘

· Verschlechterungsverbot· Guter ökologischer Zustand bzw. Gutes ökolo-

gisches Potenzial für künstliche und erheblichveränderte Wasserkörper

· Guter chemischer Zustand· Reduzierung der Verschmutzung mit prioritären

Stoffen· Einstellung von Einleitungen, Emissionen und

Verlusten prioritär gefährlicher Stoffe (Phasing-out)

· Verschlechterungsverbot· Guter mengenmäßiger Zustand· Guter chemischer Zustand· Trendumkehr bei signifikant und an-

haltend zunehmenden Schadstoff-konzentrationen

Schutzgebiete

· Erreichung aller Normen und Ziele der EG-WRRL, sofern die Rechtsvorschriften, auf deren Grundlagedie einzelnen Schutzgebiete ausgewiesen wurden, keine anderweitigen Bestimmungen enthalten

4PP& <<&-%)6 KTPVP OP\ 8:%JEE?

?a] ^gd_]f\]f <mk^~‘jmf_]f rm \]f oa[‘la_]f RYkk]jZ]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f af \]j AB@ RYj)fgo+K]]f] \a]f]f \Yrm( \a] ]afr]df]f KjgZd]eZ]j]a[‘] f|‘]j rm ]jd|ml]jf mf\ e}_da[‘] CYf\)dmf_kkljYl]_a]f rmj Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]k UmklYf\]k YZrmd]al]f*

R]ff_d]a[‘ \a] @B)RMMG af a‘j]e M]_]dmf_kjY‘e]f fa[‘l Ymk\j~[cda[‘ \a] Agd_]f \]k FdaeYoYf)\]dk g\]j \]k Cg[‘oYkk]jjakacgeYfY_]e]flk Z]af‘Ydl]l( ^af\]f \a]k] O‘]e]f Z]a \]j HY{fY‘)e]fhdYfmf_ ae MY‘e]f \]j n]j^~_ZYj]f Df^gjeYlagf]f =]j~[cka[‘la_mf_*

hc )&2 ;gR‘][]‘^V]Z]UWaQVS IS‘p\RS‘c\US\ RS‘ BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘$ W\aPSa]\RS‘S 4P%TZcaa‘SUcZWS‘c\U$ 7c‘QVUp\UWUYSWb c\R Fb‘cYbc‘ RS‘ 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘

Pfl]j \]e =]_ja^^ ;cO\YWY\ZSYVYRTP oaj\ fY[‘ \]j @B)RMMG \a] B]klYdl \]k B]o|kk]jZ]llk ]af]kJZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jk n]jklYf\]f( oa] ]k ka[‘ mfl]j \]e @af^dmkk \]j RYkk]jklj}emf_ g\]jYfl‘jghg_]f]j @af_ja^^] YmkZad\]l* =]a \]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jf kaf\ m* Y* \]j RYkk]j‘Ymk‘Ydl( \]j <Z)^dmkk mf\ \a] <Z^dmkk\qfYeac( \a] Q]jZaf\mf_ rm Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf( \a] ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al( \a]kljmclmj]dd]f =]\af_mf_]f \]k =]ll]k mf\ \]k P^]jk( \a] Oa]^]f) mf\ =j]al]fnYjaYlagf kgoa] \YkNmZkljYl \]j Ng‘d] oa[‘la_] ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘] Fgehgf]fl]f*

?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al ^~j B]o|kk]jgj_Yfake]f mf\ fYlmjfY‘] g\]j fYlmj|‘fda[‘] B]o|kk]jkljmclmj]f‘YZ]f ]af] _jg{] =]\]mlmf_ ^~j ]af }cgdg_ak[‘ aflYcl]k Ada]{_]o|kk]j* Hgfglgf _]klYdl]l] g\]j_Yj Z]^]kla_l] P^]jklj][c]f o]ak]f cYme fYl~jda[‘] g\]j fYlmjfY‘] G]Z]fkj|me] ^~j oYkk]j_])Zmf\]f] Jj_Yfake]f Ym^* ?]e _]_]f~Z]j Za]l]f ‘]l]jg_]f] P^]j) mf\ Ng‘dkljmclmj]f eal mfl]j)k[‘a]\da[‘]f RYkk]jla]^]f( @afZm[‘lmf_]f mf\ K^dYfr]fZ]kl|f\]f fY‘]rm a\]Yd] QgjYmkk]lrmf)_]f ^~j ]af] fYlmjfY‘] B]o|kk]jZagr}fgk]* Df kgd[‘ ]af]e Ada]{_]o|kk]j eal ]flkhj][‘]f\]eB]o|kk]jme^]d\ c}ff]f ka[‘ klYZad] mf\ Yjl]fj]a[‘] G]Z]fk_]e]afk[‘Y^l]f ‘]jYmkZad\]f*

53

?]j F~kl]fZ]j]a[‘ \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] mfl]jda]_l Ym^_jmf\ \]j F~kl]f\qfYeac ]af]j fYl~jda)[‘]f Yf‘Ydl]f\]f egjh‘gdg_ak[‘]f @floa[cdmf_* ?a]k] Q]j|f\]jmf_]f Z]kl]‘]f ngjjYf_a_ af]af]e F~kl]fYmk_d]a[‘* Df <f]jc]ffmf_ \a]k]j fYl~jda[‘]f F~kl]f]floa[cdmf_ akl ngj_]k]‘]f(\a]k] kg o]fa_ oa] e}_da[‘ mf\ fmj af \]e MY‘e]f( oa] nalYd] e]fk[‘da[‘] Dfl]j]kk]f rm oY‘j]fkaf\ $r* =* Cg[‘oYkk]jk[‘mlr( M]\mra]jmf_ ngf GYf\n]jdmkl%( rm Z]]af^dmkk]f* <Zo]a[‘mf_]f nge_ml]f UmklYf\ kaf\ Z]a \]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf af \]j M]_]d fa[‘l Ym^ ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]( kgf)\]jf na]de]‘j Ym^ klg^^da[‘] =]dYklmf_]f rmj~[crm^~‘j]f*

=]a \]f N]]f n]j‘|dl ]k ka[‘ |‘fda[‘* <m[‘ ‘a]j ~Z]joa]_]f \a] klg^^da[‘]f =]]aflj|[‘la_mf_]f _])_]f~Z]j \]f ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]f =]dYklmf_]f*

@af] Jj_Yfake]f_jmhh]( \a] ngf ]af]j k[‘d][‘l]f B]o|kk]jkljmclmj mf\ af \]j ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]alZ]]aflj|[‘la_l]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jf Z]kgf\]jk Z]ljg^^]f akl( kaf\ \a] Aak[‘]* ?a] }cgdg_ak[‘] ?mj[‘)_|f_a_c]al ae Fgflafmme \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j ]je}_da[‘l \a] GYf_\aklYfroYf\]jmf_ ngf <jl]f Ymkmf\ rm \]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf( \a] RYf\]jmf_ ngf Aak[‘]f aff]j‘YdZ ngf B]o|kk]jkqkl]e]f kgoa]\a] ^j]a] RYf\]jmf_ roak[‘]f ngjf]‘eda[‘ af NlYf\_]o|kk]jf d]Z]f\]f KghmdYlagf]f* ?a]?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al akl o]k]flda[‘] QgjYmkk]lrmf_ ^~j \a] <mkZad\mf_ ]af]j fYlmjjYmelqhak[‘]fAak[‘_]e]afk[‘Y^l mf\ \Yk @jj]a[‘]f ]af]k _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k fY[‘ @B)RMMG kgoa] ^~j\Yk @jj]a[‘]f \]j Peo]dlra]d] fY[‘ AYmfY)AdgjY)CYZalYl)Ma[‘ldafa] $AAC)MG%* ?a] RMMG kl]ddl ]phdaralHY{_YZ]f Ym^( \a] ae Um_] \]j A]kld]_mf_ ngf =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d]f ^~j \a] Ada]{) mf\ NlYf\)_]o|kk]j j]d]nYfl kaf\*

@af oa[‘la_]k Yfrmklj]Z]f\]k Ua]d akl \Y‘]j \a] @j‘Ydlmf_ Zro* Ra]\]j‘]jkl]ddmf_ ]af]j o]al_])‘]f\ ZYjja]j]^j]a] Q]jZaf\mf_ \]j ]afr]df]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jYZk[‘fall] mf\ \a] Ra]\]j‘]jkl]ddmf_\]j gc}dg_ak[‘]f ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j( ogZ]a \a]k] O‘]eYlac ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_eal o]al]j]f Yfrmklj]Z]f\]f @floa[cdmf_kra]d]f $r* =* RYkk]j) mf\ Nlg^^j~[c‘Ydl ae @afrm_k_])Za]l% rm Z]ljY[‘l]f akl*

UmkYee]f^Ykk]f\ akl ^]klrmkl]dd]f( \Ykk f]Z]f \]j Ra]\]j‘]jkl]ddmf_ mf\ \]e @j‘Ydl \]j ?mj[‘)_|f_a_c]al Ym[‘ \a] @floa[cdmf_ na]d^|dla_]j B]o|kk]jkljmclmj]f ae Ada]{_]o|kk]jf]lr \]k @af)rm_k_]Za]l]k ]af] \]j oa[‘la_kl]f oYkk]joajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f Ua]dkl]ddmf_]f akl*

@qUZWQVS @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ 8‘‘SWQVc\U RS‘ LWSZS2

=]a HY{fY‘e]f rmj Ra]\]j‘]jkl]ddmf_ Zro* rme @j‘Ydl ]af]j na]d^|dla_]f B]o|kk]jkljmclmj kl]‘]f\Yk UmdYkk]f \]j @a_]f]floa[cdmf_ \]k B]o|kk]jk mf\ \a] ?qfYeaka]jmf_ ngf _]]a_f]l]f B]o|k)k]jYZk[‘fall]f ) mfl]jkl~lrl \mj[‘ ]af] ]flkhj][‘]f\] B]o|kk]jmfl]j‘Ydlmf_( \a] mfeall]dZYj \]j@floa[cdmf_ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\]k \a]fl ) ae Qgj\]j_jmf\* ?a]k _]k[‘a]‘l mfl]j =]j~[cka[‘)la_mf_ \]j Zagdg_ak[‘]f B]_]Z]f‘]al]f( \]j Fgkl]f]^^ara]fr kgoa] \]j l][‘fak[‘]f mf\ j][‘lda)[‘]f HY[‘ZYjc]al* ?a]k c}ff]f m* Y* ^gd_]f\] HY{fY‘e]f k]af6

· HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]j ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al af \]f CYmhl) mf\ N]al]fYje]f \]jAda]{_]o|kk]j(

· HY{fY‘e]f rmj Ng‘d)( P^]j) mf\ GYm^]floa[cdmf_(

· HY{fY‘e]f rmj P^]j) mf\ <m]f]floa[cdmf_(

· xf\]jmf_]f \]j B]o|kk]jmfl]j‘Ydlmf_ mf\

· xf\]jmf_]f \]k <Z^dmkkj]_ae]k kgoa] <fhYkkmf_ Yf fYlmjfY‘] Q]j‘|dlfakk]*

?a] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kkljYl]_a] Z]kl]‘l \Yjaf( ngjjYf_a_ kgd[‘] B]o|kk]j rm ]floa[c]df( af \]f]ffg[‘ j]dYlan fYl~jda[‘] Q]j‘|dlfakk] mf\ \Y‘]j Ym[‘ fg[‘ ]flkhj][‘]f\ ‘g‘] @floa[cdmf_khgl]f)raYd] ^~j \a] B]o|kk]j^dgjY mf\ AYmfY Z]kl]‘]f* =]a \]j HY{fY‘e]fYmkoY‘d o]j\]f mfl]j ^Y[‘da)

54

[‘]f B]ka[‘lkhmfcl]f kgoa] j]Yd]f Pek]lrmf_ke}_da[‘c]al]f Kjagjal|l]f mfl]j \]f rm ]floa)[c]df\]f RYkk]jc}jh]jf ]jeall]dl*

Df \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al omj\]f ae Um_] \]j KdYfYm^kl]ddmf_ Ydd] Ada]{_]o|kk]jc}jh]j ]af]j KdY)fmf_ mfl]jrg_]f* Df <jZ]alkcj]ak]f omj\]f UmklYf\k) mf\ @floa[cdmf_k\]^aral]( UmklYf\kZ]o]j)lmf_]f( M]kljaclagf]f( @floa[cdmf_kra]d]( HY{fY‘e]f( HY{fY‘e]fYcr]hlYfr mf\ =]oajlk[‘Y^)lmf_kra]d] ]jeall]dl* ?a] HY{fY‘e]f o]j\]f fY[‘ a‘j]j }cgdg_ak[‘]f @^^ara]fr( \]j <f_]e]kk]f)‘]al \]j Fgkl]f mf\ \]j l][‘fak[‘]f ?mj[‘^~‘jZYjc]al hjagjaka]jl mf\ Ym^ \Yk b]o]adk \Yeal ]jj]a[‘)ZYj] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d YZ_]kl]ddl*

hc *&2 FWU\WTWYO\bS ab]TTZWQVS 5SZOabc\US\ Rc‘QV ApV‘ab]TTS

?a] dYf_b|‘ja_]f =]gZY[‘lmf_]f \]j B]o|kk]j_~l] r]a_]f k]al =]_aff \]j -55,]j EY‘j] afk_]kYel]af] \]mlda[‘] Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ af \]j [‘]eak[‘]f =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j af H][c)d]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf* DfkZ]kgf\]j] af \]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jf kaf\ HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]jjaf_]jmf_ \]jYfl‘jghg_]f]f =]dYklmf_ o]k]flda[‘ k[‘f]dd]j oajckYe _]ogj\]f Ydk af NlYf\) mf\ F~kl]f_]o|k)k]jf kgoa] ae Bjmf\oYkk]j* R|‘j]f\ hjagjal|j] mf\ hjagjal|j _]^|‘jda[‘] Nlg^^] cYme ]af] Mgdd]kha]d]f( akl \a] I|‘jklg^^Z]dYklmf_ \]j B]o|kk]j ]af] oa[‘la_] oYkk]joajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] AjY_]*

I]Z]f \]j n]jZ]kk]jl]f <ZoYkk]jZ]‘Yf\dmf_ ‘YZ]f Q]j|f\]jmf_]f af \]j GYf\Z]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_Ym[‘ rm ]af]j Q]jjaf_]jmf_ \]j I|‘jklg^^_]‘Ydl] af \]f B]o|kk]jf Z]a_]ljY_]f* IY[‘ \]f @j_]Z)fakk]f \]j dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f NlYlaklac kaf\ \a] ealld]j]f Nla[cklg^^)zZ]jk[‘~kk] k]al \]f -55,]jEY‘j]f o]al mfl]j \]f =mf\]k\mj[‘k[‘fall _]kmfc]f* Ng ‘Yl ka[‘ k]al -551 \]j n]j^~_ZYj] IaljYl)I)zZ]jk[‘mkk af H)Q Z]a 2, Zak 3, c_+‘Y ]af_]kl]ddl $=mf\]k\mj[‘k[‘fall .,,16 -,, c_ I+‘Y7 Ua]do]jl?~Q YZ .,,56 2, c_ I+‘Y%* ?a] Qa]‘Z]kYlr\a[‘l] Z]lj|_l fmj ,(0 BQ+‘Y ae GYf\]k\mj[‘k[‘fall*

R]\]j \]j Yclm]dd] I)NYd\g fg[‘ \]j Df\acYlgj Qa]‘Z]kYlr\a[‘l] oa\]jkha]_]df b]\g[‘ Ydk dYf\]k)o]al] ?mj[‘k[‘fallko]jl] \a] lYlk|[‘da[‘] B]o|kk]jkalmYlagf* ?a] ?Yl]fYmko]jlmf_ \]j B]o|kk]j)~Z]joY[‘mf_ r]a_l ljglr \]j ]af_Yf_k _]fYffl]f hgkalan]f @floa[cdmf_]f Yf‘Ydl]f\] ?]^aral](afkZ]kgf\]j] rm ‘g‘] =]dYklmf_]f eal Nla[cklg^^* IaljYlkla[cklg^^ akl ‘a]jZ]a eal 3, " \]k B])kYelkla[cklg^^k \a] \geafa]j]f\] Q]jZaf\mf_* ?]j CYmhlYfl]ad \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j o]akl fY[‘ oa]ngj ]af] \]mlda[‘] mf\ ]j‘}‘l] IaljYlZ]dYklmf_ Ym^* O]f\]fra]dd] Q]j|f\]jmf_]f ) oa] Z]a Jj)l‘gh‘gkh‘Yl g\]j <eegfame ) kaf\ Z]ae IaljYl fa[‘l rm ]jc]ff]f*

@af] ]j‘}‘l] Fgfr]fljYlagf kla[cklg^^‘Ydla_]j I|‘jklg^^] cYff \a] UmkYee]fk]lrmf_ \]j lqhkh]ra)^ak[‘]f B]o|kk]j^dgjY mf\ )^YmfY kg n]j|f\]jf( \Ykk \Yk B]o|kk]j k]af] fYl~jda[‘]f Amfclagf]fae GYf\k[‘Y^lk‘Ymk‘Ydl fa[‘l e]‘j ]j^~ddl* ?a]k cYff f]Z]f ]j‘]Zda[‘]f Nl}jmf_]f \]j fYl~jda[‘]f=agr}fgk]f Ym[‘ ngdck) mf\ Z]lja]Zkoajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f IY[‘l]ad] n]jmjkY[‘]f*

?a] ?]^aral] \]j B]o|kk]jZ]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al kaf\ ae @j_]Zfak \]j =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] ^~j Ydd] Admkk_])Za]lk]af‘]al]f H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jfk \]mlda[‘ _]ogj\]f* ?a] I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_] ~Z]j Ada]{)_]o|kk]j mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]j af \a] NlYf\) mf\ F~kl]f_]o|kk]j kl]dd]f ]af] ]j‘]Zda[‘] =]]aflj|[‘la)_mf_ \]j B]o|kk]jimYdal|l( ngj Ydd]e ae CafZda[c Ym^ \a] @mljgh‘a]jmf_kkalmYlagf \Yj mf\ ljY_]fYdk ]af] o]k]flda[‘] Fgehgf]fl] \Yrm Z]a( \Ykk ka[‘ na]d] Ada]{_]o|kk]j( N]]f mf\ F~kl]f_]o|k)k]j fa[‘l ae @afcdYf_ eal \]j Ua]dngjkl]ddmf_ ]af]k _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k Z]^af\]f* Qgj \]eCafl]j_jmf\( \Ykk fYl~jda[‘]( Yfl‘jghg_]f mfZ]]af^dmkkl] Bjmf\o|kk]j af H)Q hjYclak[‘ faljYl^j]ak]af e~kkl]f( omj\]f ae MY‘e]f ]af]j M]_agfYdaka]jmf_ \]j \a^^mk]f Bjmf\oYkk]jZ]dYklmf_]f af\]f Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf .-2 faljYlkh]ra^ak[‘] =]dYklmf_k^d|[‘]f eal ]af]j B]kYel_j}{] ngf [Y*.*-,, ce. $9 5 " \]j GYf\]k^d|[‘]% Ymk_]oa]k]f* Kmfclm]dd o]j\]f k]‘j \]mlda[‘] zZ]jk[‘j]almf)_]f \]j fYl~jda[‘]f R]jl]( YZ]j Ym[‘ \]k Ma[‘lo]jl]k \]j OjafcoYkk]jn]jgj\fmf_ ngf .1 e_ IJ/+d$9 1(1 e_ I+d% mf\ kg_Yj \]k Bj]fro]jl]k fY[‘ @B)IaljYlja[‘ldafa] ngf 1, e_ IJ/+d$9 -- e_ I+d% ^]kl_]kl]ddl*

?a] @mljgh‘a]jmf_ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j mf\ \]j]f AjY[‘l]afljY_ af \a] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j ‘Y)Z]f \Yrm _]^~‘jl( \Ykk \a] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j \]j \]mlk[‘]f Jklk]]c~kl] Ydk @mljgh‘a])jmf_khjgZd]e_]Za]l] ]afrmklm^]f kaf\* @^^]cl] kaf\ f]Z]f ]af]j @j‘}‘mf_ \]j Dfl]fkal|l ngf K‘q)lghdYfclgfZd~l]f mfl]j Yf\]j]e Ym[‘ Q]jk[‘a]Zmf_]f af \]j <jl]frmkYee]fk]lrmf_( r* =* n]j)

55

e]‘jl]k <m^lj]l]f ngf =dYmYd_]f( mf\ \a] Dfalaa]jmf_ g\]j Nl]a_]jmf_ \]j Ogpafhjg\mclagf Z]aZ]klaeel]f( hgl]fla]dd k[‘|\da[‘]f <d_]fYjl]f( oYk ^~j ]af OgmjakemkdYf\ ]af] Z]kgf\]j] Mgdd]kha]dl*

?a] ngf \]j C@G>JH Z]k[‘dgkk]f] CYdZa]jmf_ \]j Nla[cklg^^]aflj|_] roak[‘]f -541 mf\ .,,, omj)\] fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘l* ?a]k]k Ua]d Zd]aZl o]al]j‘af Z]kl]‘]f* <dk PjkY[‘] o]j\]f \a] dYf_]f <m^]fl)‘Ydlkr]al]f ae Bjmf\oYkk]j $-, ) /, EY‘j]% kgoa] \a] Yf‘Ydl]f\]f \a^^mk]f @aflj|_] Z]fYffl* ?a]=]dYklmf_ \]j H]]j]k}cgkqkl]e] ‘Yl ka[‘ fY[‘ \]j \mj[‘ \a] @B)RMMG ngj_]fgee]f]f =]dYk)lmf_kYfYdqk] Z]\]fcda[‘]j ‘]jYmk_]kl]ddl Ydk rmngj Yf_]fgee]f* ?Y‘]j ]jYjZ]al]l \a] <jZ]alk_])e]afk[‘Y^l $<MB@% =mf\)G|f\]j)H]kkhjg_jYee Igj\) mf\ Jklk]] $=GHK% CYf\dmf_k]eh^]‘dmf)_]f ^~j \a] M]\mra]jmf_ ngf I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_]f ~Z]j \a] Ad~kk] eal \]e Ua]d( af \]f F~kl]f_]o|k)k]jf ]flkhj][‘]f\ \]f Peo]dlra]d]f \]j @B)RMMG ]af]f _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\ rm ]jj]a)[‘]f*

?a] I)Fgfr]fljYlagf]f af \]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jf o]ak]f k]‘j \]mlda[‘] j]_agfYd] Pfl]jk[‘a]\] Ym^(\a] Ym^ ]af] mfl]jk[‘a]\da[‘] GYf\fmlrmf_ mf\ =g\]fZ]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al rmj~[crm^~‘j]f kaf\* Cg‘]IaljYlcgfr]fljYlagf]f kaf\ af B]o|kk]jf Yfrmlj]^^]f( af \]j]f @afrm_k_]Za]l]f \]j <fl]ad Yf Y)[c]jZYmda[‘]j Imlrmf_ \geafa]jl* B]jaf_] IaljYlcgfr]fljYlagf]f lj]l]f \Y_]_]f af Ada]{_]o|k)k]jf eal ‘g‘]e RYd\) mf\+g\]j Bj~fdYf\Yfl]ad ae @afrm_k_]Za]l Ym^* ?]efY[‘ oaj\ Nla[cklg^^ngjjYf_a_ ~Z]j ?j|fY_]f mf\ \]f Bjmf\oYkk]jh^Y\ af \a] B]o|kk]j ]af_]ljY_]f* Ume @jj]a[‘]fmf\ rmj fY[‘‘Ydla_] =]oY‘jmf_ _ml]j B]o|kk]jrmkl|f\] af Z]rm_ Ym^ Nla[cklg^^ akl afkZ]kgf\]j]]af] M]\mra]jmf_ \]j I)=adYfr~Z]jk[‘~kk] af \]f Ymk_]oa]k]f]f =]dYklmf_k_]Za]l]f ra]d^~‘j]f\*?a]k ]j^gj\]jl ]afn]jf]‘eda[‘] NljYl]_a]f ngf GYf\) mf\ RYkk]joajlk[‘Y^l*

@qUZWQVS @Oo\OV[S\ hc[ 8‘‘SWQVS\ RS‘ LWSZS2

Ua]dngj_YZ]f rmj Q]jjaf_]jmf_ \]j I|‘jklg^^cgfr]fljYlagf]f mf\ AjY[‘l]f ]j_]Z]f ka[‘ rme ]a)f]f Z]j]alk Ymk Z]kl]‘]f\]f afl]jfYlagfYd YZ_]klaeel]f <Zcgee]f( rme Yf\]j]f Ymk \]f }cg)dg_ak[‘]f Ua]d]f \]j @B)RMMG* Pe Ym[‘ af \]f F~kl]foYkk]jc}jh]jf ]af]f _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]fUmklYf\ rm ]jj]a[‘]f( kaf\ \a] AjY[‘l]f ^~j B]kYelkla[cklg^^ mf\ B]kYelh‘gkh‘gj rm j]\mra]j]f*Agd_]f\] HY{fY‘e]f c}ff]f ]af]f =]aljY_ \Yrm d]akl]f6

· HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]jjaf_]jmf_ \]j Nla[cklg^^) m* K‘gkh‘gj]aflj|_] Ymk \]f ~Z]joa]_]f\dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘ _]fmlrl]f Ad|[‘]f af \a] B]o|kk]j(

· HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]k Nla[cklg^^) m* K‘gkh‘gjj~[c‘Ydlk af \]j Ad|[‘] mf\ rmjQ]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]k N]dZklj]afa_mf_kn]je}_]fk \]j B]o|kk]j \mj[‘ \a] Ra]\]j‘]jkl]ddmf_ngf _]o|kk]j¡ mf\ dYf\k[‘Y^lklqhak[‘]f Nljmclmj]f $r* =* Ra]\]jn]jf|kkmf_ ngf A]m[‘l)_]Za]l]f mf\ Ia]\]jeggj]f( M]fYlmja]jmf_ ngf Ada]{_]o|kk]jf g\]j =Ym AdY[‘k]]f%(

· HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]jjaf_]jmf_ \]j Nla[cklg^^) m* K‘gkh‘gj]aflj|_] Ymk N[‘emlr) mf\ M])_]foYkk]j]afd]almf_]f

?a] Z]k[‘ja]Z]f]f HY{fY‘e]f_jmhh]f \a]f]f \YZ]a _jmf\k|lrda[‘ kgog‘d \]e N[‘mlr \]j gZ]j)aj\ak[‘]f B]o|kk]j Ydk Ym[‘ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk*

Qgj \a]k]e Cafl]j_jmf\ o]j\]f CYf\dmf_kYfk|lr] ^~j HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]jeaf\]jmf_ \]j I|‘j)klg^^Z]dYklmf_ mf\ \Yeal rmj @jj]a[‘mf_ \]k _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\]k \]j B]o|kk]j kgog‘dYm^ \]j N]al] \]j @eakkagf]f $Q]jmjkY[‘]j% Ydk Ym[‘ Ym^ \]j N]al] \]j Deeakkagf]f Yfk]lr]f* Agd)_]f\] NljYl]_a]f o]j\]f n]j^gd_l6

-* @eakkagfkk]al]

Y* Q]jeaf\]jmf_ \]j I|‘jklg^^)zZ]jk[‘~kk] $afkZ]k* I% Zro* \]k I|‘jklg^^YmkljY_kYmk dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]j( ^gjkl) mf\ _Yjl]fZYmoajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]j Imlr^d|[‘]

Z* Q]jeaf\]jmf_ \]k I|‘jklg^^YmkljY_k Ymk <fdY_]f \]j Na]\dmf_koYkk]joajlk[‘Y^l$\Y \a] _j}{]j]f Fd|jYfdY_]f Z]j]alk ~Z]j ]af] /* M]afa_mf_kklm^] rmj I|‘jklg^^)

56

]daeafYlagf n]j^~_]f( lja^^l \a]k af ]jkl]j Gafa] Ym^ cd]af]j] <fdY_]f rm% mf\ \]jFgeemfYd]flo|kk]jmf_

.* Deeakkagfkk]al]

Y* @j‘}‘mf_ \]j B]Za]lkj]l]flagf $RYkk]j) mf\ I|‘jklg^^j~[c‘Ydl af \]j GYf\k[‘Y^l(\Y\mj[‘ <mkljY_kn]jr}_]jmf_ mf\+g\]j )eaf\]jmf_ r* =* \mj[‘ ?]falja^acYlagf%

Z* @j‘}‘mf_ \]j N]dZklj]afa_mf_kcjY^l \]j B]o|kk]j \mj[‘ Nljmclmj]floa[cdmf_ m*Y*HY{fY‘e]f

Pe Ym^ e]kgkcYda_]j @Z]f] =]dYklmf_k_]Za]l] rm j]_agfYdaka]j]f mf\ afkZ]kgf\]j] me \YjYmkcgfcj]l]( ^d|[‘]fZ]rg_]f] HY{fY‘e]f YZrmd]al]f( omj\] ]af] dYf\]ko]al] M]_agfYdaka]jmf_ \]jAda]{_]o|kk]jZ]dYklmf_]f \mj[‘ \a^^mk] I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_] ngj_]fgee]f* Ua]d oYj \a] N[‘Y^^mf_]af]j ?Yl]f_jmf\dY_] ^~j \a] <m^kl]ddmf_ Zro* Jhlaea]jmf_ \]j HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee] rmj _])ra]dl]f mf\ ]^^]clan]f M]\mra]jmf_ ngf I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_]f Ymk \]j Ad|[‘]* <mk \]f ?Yl]f \]j B])o|kk]j_~l]~Z]joY[‘mf_ omj\]f O]ad]afrm_k_]Za]l] a\]fla^ara]jl( \a] af Z]kgf\]j]e HY{] rmjI|‘jklg^^Z]dYklmf_ \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al Z]aljY_]f* A~j \]f fa[‘l ~Z]joY[‘l]f @afrm_k_]Za]lk)Yfl]ad omj\] mfl]j =]j~[cka[‘la_mf_ \]j j]d]nYfl]f KYjYe]l]j $r* =* =g\]fc]ff\Yl]f( ?j|fmf_(Y_jYjklYlaklak[‘] ?Yl]f% ]af] Nqkl]eYlac rmj zZ]jljY_mf_ \]k <fkYlr]k Ym^ \a]k] B]Za]l] ]floa)[c]dl( me Ym[‘ ae fa[‘l~Z]joY[‘l]f =]j]a[‘ \a] =]dYklmf_k_]Za]l] rm ]jeall]df*

Df <fd]‘fmf_ Yf \a] C]jYf_]‘]fko]ak] af Yf\]j]f Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al]f $r* =* @dZ]% omj\] \]j Dkl)UmklYf\ Ydk Hall]do]jl \]j ?Yl]f Ymk \]f EY‘j]f .,,, ¡ .,,3 Yf_]fgee]f* Df \]f \YjYmk ]jeal)l]dl]f hgl]fra]dd]f =]dYklmf_k_]Za]l]f $4PP& <<&-%*% o]j\]f HY{fY‘e]f rmj =]dYklmf_kj]\mra])jmf_ ^~j \a^^mk] Nla[cklg^^) mf\ K‘gkh‘gj]aflj|_] Yfk]lr]f*

hc +& JSWbS‘S eWQVbWUS JOaaS‘PSeW‘baQVOTbc\UaT‘OUS\ ‘SUW]\OZS‘ 5SRScbc\U

I]Z]f \]f gZ]f _]fYffl]f RYkk]jZ]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f _aZl ]k af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]alRYjfgo+K]]f] o]al]j]( j]_agfYd oa[‘la_] KjgZd]e]( \a] Z]a \]j <m^kl]ddmf_ \]j =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k)hd|f] mf\ HY{fY‘e]hjg_jYee]( kgo]al b]o]adk j]d]nYfl( rm Z]j~[cka[‘la_]f kaf\* ?a]k kaf\ m* Y*

· ycgdg_ak[‘] Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ cd]afj|mea_]j B]o|kk]jkljmclmj]f(· Dfl]_ja]jl] =]ljY[‘lmf_ \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j mf\ \]j eal a‘f]f n]jZmf\]f]f YimYlak[‘]f

mf\ GYf\}cgkqkl]e]f(· Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]j <ZoYkk]jZ]‘Yf\dmf_(· Bjmf\oYkk]jk[‘mlr(· Cg[‘oYkk]jk[‘mlr*

57

4PP& <<&-%*6 Potenzielle Gebiete mit Maßnahmen gegen diffuse Belastungen der Oberflächenwasserkörperin Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (aus biota 2008)

58

<<&-&* 5SeW‘baQVOTbc\UahWSZS Tr‘ BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘ c\R:‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘

?a] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d] \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j af Z]rm_ Ym^ \]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\kaf\ ^~j \a] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] af \]j >O‘bS 1 $FYjl]fYf‘Yf_% \Yj_]kl]ddl* ?a] Ua]d] ^~j \]f [‘]ea)k[‘]f UmklYf\ r]a_l \a] >O‘bS )) $FYjl]fYf‘Yf_%*

?a] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d] \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j af Z]rm_ Ym^ \]f e]f_]fe|{a_]f UmklYf\ kaf\af \]j >O‘bS ** $FYjl]fYf‘Yf_% \Yj_]kl]ddl* ?a] Ua]d] ^~j \]f [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\ r]a_l \a] FYjl]-4 $FYjl]fYf‘Yf_%*

Dfoa]o]al \a] JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al \a] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d] Zak .,-1ngjYmkka[‘lda[‘ ]jj]a[‘]f( r]a_l GOPSZZS <<&-%)* Qgf \]f Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf ]jj]a[‘]f Zak .,-1ngjYmkka[‘lda[‘ 53 " \]f _ml]f e]f_]fe|{a_]f UmklYf\ mf\ jmf\ 31 " \]f _ml]f [‘]eak[‘]fUmklYf\*

GOPSZZS <<&-%)6 IY\L_]]TNS^VTNSP KTPVP\\PTNS_XR OP\ BMP\QVjNSPXaL]]P\Uk\ZP\ MT] *()-

Ada]{_]o|kk]j NlYf\_]o|kk]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j

RYkk]jc}jh]jafk_]kYel

03/ 4/ .,

Ada]{_]o|kk]jd|f_] Zro*Ad|[‘]f_j}{] afk_]kYel

0*,0- .,*/,, ‘Y 32-2

I]‘OcaaWQVbZWQVS LWSZS‘‘SWQVc\U PWa *()-

<frY‘d . -. )

Ada]{_]o|kk]jd|f_] Zro*Ad|[‘]f_j}{]

.($1 Y[ ))&)-..$- VO ,&//+ Y[j

<fl]ad Yf \]j B]kYelrY‘d )$+ ! ./ ! - !

<fl]ad Yf Ada]{_]o|kk]j)d|f_] Zro* Ad|[‘]f_j}{]

)$- ! -/ ! .+ !

<<&-&*&) >r\abZWQVS c\R S‘VSPZWQV dS‘p\RS‘bS BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘

RYkk]jc}jh]j( \a] o]_]f a‘j]j ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]f @a_]fk[‘Y^l]f \]f _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]fUmklYf\ fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘]f mf\ \Yj~Z]j ‘afYmk af a‘j]j Nljmclmj o]al_]‘]f\ ajj]n]jkaZ]d Z]]aflj|[‘)la_l kaf\( _]dl]f Ydk ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl] RYkk]jc}jh]j* Na] kaf\ c~fklda[‘( o]ff ka] ngf H]f)k[‘]f‘Yf\ Yf Jjl]f Yf_]d]_l ogj\]f kaf\( Yf \]f]f ]‘]\]e c]af B]o|kk]j ]pakla]jl ‘Yl*

A~j c~fklda[‘] mf\ ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl] RYkk]jc}jh]j $<R=+CHR=% ka]‘l \a] @B)RMMG ]af ]a_])f]k FdYkka^acYlagfkkqkl]e mf\ Z]kgf\]j] Ua]d] ngj* Ca]j _adl ]k( rmeaf\]kl ]af _ml]k }cgdg_ak[‘]kKgl]fraYd mf\ ]af]f _ml]f [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\ rm ]jj]a[‘]f* Pe Ym^ \a]k] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d]YZrmkl]dd]f( e~kk]f \a] Qgj_YZ]f af <jlac]d 0 <Zk* / @B)RMMG ]af_]‘Ydl]f k]af* Na] ]fl‘Ydl]fHY{_YZ]f( eall]dk \]j]j \a] <mkoajcmf_]f \]j mfl]jk[‘a]\da[‘]f Ua]dYmko]akmf_ Ym^ n]jk[‘a]\])f]( mfl]j Yf\]j]e Ym[‘ kgrag}cgfgeak[‘]( <kh]cl] $r* =* Peo]dl ae o]al]j]f Naff]( N[‘a^^^Y‘jlmf\ C|^]f( Aj]ar]alfmlrmf_( RYkk]jkh]a[‘]jmf_( OjafcoYkk]jfmlrmf_( Nljge]jr]m_mf_( Cg[‘oYk)k]jk[‘mlr( GYf\]flo|kk]jmf_% eal]afYf\]j n]j_da[‘]f mf\ Z]o]jl]l o]j\]f e~kk]f* R]al]j‘af akl\a] =]o]jlmf_ \]k _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f Kgl]fraYdk eal e}_da[‘]f HY{fY‘e]f n]jcf~h^l*

<dd] Ada]{_]o|kk]jc}jh]j omj\]f \YjYm^‘af _]hj~^l( gZ ka] Ydk fYl~jda[‘( ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl g\]jc~fklda[‘ a* N* ngf <jl* 0 <Zk* / RMMG ]afrmklm^]f kaf\* ?a] =]mjl]admf_ ]j^gd_l] Ym^ Bjmf\dY_] \]k

59

>DN)G]al^Y\]fk £D\]fla^ara]jmf_ mf\ <mko]akmf_ ngf ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl]f mf\ c~fklda[‘]f B])o|kk]jf¢ fY[‘ \]f \gjl ngj_]_]Z]f]f @afr]dk[‘jall]f*

Df \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] akl Z]a \]j <Z_j]frmf_ ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl]j mf\ c~fklda[‘]j Ada]{_])o|kk]jc}jh]j af <fd]‘fmf_ Yf \a]k]f >DN)G]al^Y\]f ]af ae GYf\] eg\a^ara]jl]f Q]j^Y‘j]f Yf_])o]f\]l ogj\]f* ?YZ]a wurde rmkYee]f^Ykk]f\ oa] ̂ gd_l ngj_]_Yf_]f6

@k omj\] ]af] HYljap rmj ngjd|m^a_]f <mko]akmf_ c~fklda[‘]j mf\ ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl]j Ada]{_])o|kk]jc}jh]j Yf CYf\ ngf Nljmclmj_~l]\Yl]f ]floa[c]dl* ?YZ]a ]j^gd_l] ]af] <mkoY‘d mf\ B])oa[‘lmf_ ngf Nljmclmj_~l]cYjla]jhYjYe]l]jf* @k kaf\ @afr]d]j_]Zfakk] \]j FYjla]jmf_ Ymk_]o|‘dlogj\]f( \a] Z]kgf\]jk afl]_jYlan Ym^ ]af] ]j‘]Zda[‘] Q]j|f\]jmf_ ]af]k FYjla]jYZk[‘fall]k oajc]f*A~j b]\]f \]j @afr]dhYjYe]l]j omj\]f b]o]adk ]af g\]j ro]a KYjYe]l]jrmkl|f\] ^]kl_]d]_l( \a]]af]f ‘g‘]f BjY\ Yf =]]aflj|[‘la_mf_ \]j Cq\jgegjh‘gdg_a] oa\]jkha]_]df* Bj}{l]fl]adk ]fl)khj][‘]f \a] rm_]gj\f]l]f UmklYf\ke]jceYd] \]j Df\]p\gla]jmf_ 2 g\]j 3 \]j Nljmclmj_~l]cYj)la]jmf_* ?a] KYjYe]l]j mfl]jk[‘]a\]f ka[‘ af a‘j]j }cgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]f <mkkY_]cjY^l* =]a \]j =])klaeemf_ ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl]j+c~fklda[‘]j FYjla]jYZk[‘fall] kaf\ \Y‘]j \a] Ymk_]o|‘dl]f KYjY)e]l]j mfl]jk[‘a]\da[‘ rm _]oa[‘l]f* ?a] B]oa[‘lmf_ \j~[cl ka[‘ Ydk R]jl roak[‘]f -(1 mf\ 1(1 Ymk*E] _j}{]j \a] UY‘d( \]klg ‘}‘]j akl \a] =]\]mlmf_ \]k KYjYe]l]jk* ?Yk M]_]do]jc o]akl ]af]f FYj)la]jYZk[‘fall Ydk ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl+c~fklda[‘ Ymk( o]ff \a] Nmee] \]j _]oa[‘l]l]f KYjYe]l]j)rmkl|f\] _j}{]j g\]j _d]a[‘ 1(1 akl( akl ]af] ]j‘]Zda[‘] Q]j|f\]jmf_ rm cgfklYla]j]f( e~kk]f kgeal_jmf\k|lrda[‘ e]‘j]j] AYclgj]f rmkYee]fcgee]f* Imj o]ff ]af FYjla]jYZk[‘fall ngddkl|f\a_n]jjg‘jl akl( oaj\ \]j <Zk[‘fall o]_]f \]k B]oa[‘lk \]k KYjYe]l]jk ngf 1(1 kl]lk Ydk ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j)|f\]jl+c~fklda[‘ Ymk_]oa]k]f*

?]j j][‘f]jak[‘]f @jealldmf_ ngf CHR= eall]dk \]j Z]k[‘ja]Z]f]f H]l‘g\] mf\ \]j <__j]_a])jmf_ \]j Df^gjeYlagf]f Ym^ \a] RYkk]jc}jh]j ^gd_l]f ae Um_] \]j @jYjZ]almf_ \]k HY{fY‘e]f)hjg_jYeek B]o|kk]jZ]_]‘mf_]f( Z]a \]f]f \a] CHR=)<mko]akmf_ nYda\a]jl omj\]*

?Yk @j_]Zfak \]j <mko]akmf_ Ydk ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl]+c~fklda[‘] RYkk]jc}jh]j akl af 4PP& <<&-%+\Yj_]kl]ddl*

7 künstliche WK(AWB)

1%

154 erheblichveränderte WK

(HWMB)27%

415 natürliche WK(NWB)72%

Abb. II.5-3: Ergebnis der Ausweisung erheblich veränderter und künstlicher Wasserkörper

60

<<&-&*&* 4ca\OV[S\

?a] @B)RMMG ^gj\]jl _]e|{ <jlac]d 0 <Zk* -( \a] Peo]dlra]d] _jmf\k|lrda[‘ Zak rme ..*-.*.,-1 rm]jj]a[‘]f* <m^_jmf\ \]j me^Yf_j]a[‘]f ?]^aral] \]k B]o|kk]jrmklYf\k akl ]jc]ffZYj( \Ykk \a]Peo]dlra]d] Ym^ Bjmf\ \]j l][‘fak[‘]f ?mj[‘^~‘jZYjc]al fmj af N[‘jall]f ]jj]a[‘l o]j\]f c}ff]f(\a] \a]k]f U]aljYme ~Z]jk[‘j]al]f* ?a] Q]joajcda[‘mf_ Ydd]j fglo]f\a_]f Q]jZ]kk]jmf_]f aff]j)‘YdZ \]k ]jkl]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kr]aljYme]k o~j\] rm\]e mfn]j‘|dlfake|{a_ ‘g‘] Fgkl]f n]jmj)kY[‘]f* Ume O]ad dYkk]f Ym[‘ \a] fYl~jda[‘]f B]_]Z]f‘]al]f c]af] cmjr^jakla_] Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]kUmklYf\k \]k RYkk]jc}jh]jk rm* @af] fYlmjfY‘] B]o|kk]j]floa[cdmf_ ZjYm[‘l af \]j M]_]d d|f_]j]U]alj|me]* ?a] <mkfY‘e]fYmkoY‘d ]je}_da[‘l ]k ^]jf]j( HY{fY‘e]f fY[‘ a‘j]j ?jaf_da[‘c]al rmhdYf]f mf\ \a] HY{fY‘e]f k[‘jallo]ak] mermk]lr]f* ?Y‘]j o]j\]f ^~j ]af]f O]ad \]j Ada]{_]o|k)k]jc}jh]j <mkfY‘e]f fY[‘ <jl* 0 <Zk* 0 ^^* @B)RMMG af <fkhjm[‘ _]fgee]f*

Pfl]j =]j~[cka[‘la_mf_ \]j kgrag}cgfgeak[‘]f <mkoajcmf_]f kaf\ Ydk <mkfY‘e]f Ajakln]jd|f_])jmf_]f( \a] A]kld]_mf_ o]fa_]j klj]f_]j Peo]dlra]d]( \a] UmdYkkmf_ ngj~Z]j_]‘]f\]j Q]j)k[‘d][‘l]jmf_]f mf\ \a] UmdYkkmf_ \]k Ia[‘l]jj]a[‘]fk ]af]k _ml]f UmklYf\k e}_da[‘*

<<&-&*&+ 9‘WabdS‘Zp\US‘c\US\ "4‘b& , 4Pa& , 8:%JEE?#

?a] Ajakl rmj @jj]a[‘mf_ \]k _ml]f UmklYf\k \]j JZ]j d̂|[‘]f) mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j cYff _]e|{<jlac]d 0 <ZkYlr 0 @B)RMMG n]jd|f_]jl o]j\]f( o]ff ka[‘ n]jf~f^la_]j @afk[‘|lrmf_ fY[‘( fa[‘lYdd] ]j^gj\]jda[‘]f Q]jZ]kk]jmf_]f \]k UmklYf\k \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j ]jj]a[‘]f dYkk]f mf\ ^]jf]j^gd_]f\] =]\af_mf_]f ]af_]‘Ydl]f kaf\

· \]j Pe^Yf_ \]j ]j^gj\]jda[‘]f Q]jZ]kk]jmf_]f cYff Ymk Bj~f\]f \]j l][‘fak[‘]f ?mj[‘)^~‘jZYjc]al fmj af N[‘jall]f ]jj]a[‘l o]j\]f( \a] \]f ngj_]_]Z]f]f U]aljYme ~Z]jk[‘j]a)l]f(

· \a] Q]joajcda[‘mf_ \]j Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ o~j\] mfn]j‘|dlfake|{a_ ‘g‘] Fgkl]f n]jmjkY[‘]fg\]j

· \a] fYl~jda[‘]f B]_]Z]f‘]al]f dYkk]f c]af] j][‘lr]ala_] Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ rm*

Df \a]k]f A|dd]f \Yj^ \a] ngj_]k]‘]f] Ajakl ro]aeYd me b] k][‘k EY‘j] n]jd|f_]jl o]j\]f mf\ ]f\]l\Yeal kh|l]kl]fk Ye ..*-.*.,.3* @af] Q]jd|f_]jmf_ \Yj~Z]j ‘afYmk akl e}_da[‘( o]ff ka[‘ \a] Ua]d]Ym^_jmf\ \]j fYl~jda[‘]f B]_]Z]f‘]al]f Ym[‘ fa[‘l aff]j‘YdZ \]k n]jd|f_]jl]f U]aljYmek ]jj]a)[‘]f dYkk]f*

Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_]f o]j\]f af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] r* =* ^~j RYkk]jc}jh]j af <fkhjm[‘ _])fgee]f( ^~j \a] Yf‘Yf\ ngf zZ]joY[‘mf_k]j_]Zfakk]f Ymk \]e B]o|kk]jegfalgjaf_ ^~j \]fro]al]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf .,-1 fg[‘ c]af IY[‘o]ak \]k _ml]f UmklYf\k _]^~‘jl o]j\]f cYff*

BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘

<mk fY[‘^gd_]f\]f zZ]jka[‘l]f $GOP& <<&-%* mf\ GOP& <<&-%+% kaf\ ^~j \a] b]o]ada_]f FYl]_gja]f \a]<frY‘d mf\ \a] <fl]ad] kgoa] \a] Bj~f\] \]jb]fa_]f RYkk]jc}jh]j eal Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_]f ]jka[‘l)da[‘* ?YfY[‘ o]j\]f ^~j 45 " \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j eal fa[‘l _ml]e UmklYf\ <mkfY‘e]faf <fkhjm[‘ _]fgee]f*

61

Tabelle II.5-2: Fristverlängerungen für Oberflächenwasserkörper

4\hOVZRS‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘

4\hOVZRS‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘

[Wb\WQVb UcbS[ Lc%abO\R’C]bS\hWOZ

4\bSWZRS‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘

[Wb9‘WabdS‘Zp\US‘c\U

Ada]{_]o|kk]j 03/ 023 54(3 "NlYf\_]o|kk]j 4/ .3 /.(1 "F~kl]f_]o|kk]j -5& -5 50(3 "

& F~kl]f_]o|kk]j $-)N]]e]ad]f)Ugf] Zak Cg‘]alk_j]fr]% emkk fY[‘ @B)RMMG fa[‘l }cgdg_ak[‘ Z]o]jl]l o]j\]f

9ZWSoUSepaaS‘Zp\US’:SepaaS‘TZpQVS

USaO[b

9ZWSoUSepaaS‘Zp\US’:SepaaS‘TZpQVS

[Wb\WQVb UcbS[ Lc%abO\R’C]bS\hWOZ

4\bSWZ9ZWSoUSepaaS‘Zp\US’

:SepaaS‘TZpQVS

[Wb9‘WabdS‘Zp\US‘c\U

Ada]{_]o|kk]j 0*,0- ce /*54, ce 54(1 "NlYf\_]o|kk]j .,*/,, ‘Y 4*3//(1 ‘Y 0/ "F~kl]f_]o|kk]j .*40/ ce. .*40/ ce. 55(1 "

Tabelle II.5-3: Gründe für Fristverlängerungen in Oberflächenwasserkörper (Mehrfachnennungen möglich)

C‘]hS\bcOZS‘ 4\bSWZ RS‘ :‘r\RSPSW JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\ [Wb 9‘WabdS‘Zp\US‘c\US\

:‘r\RS RS‘bSQV\WaQVS\

7c‘QVTrV‘PO‘YSWb

H\dS‘VpZb\Wa[poWUV]VS >]abS\

AObr‘ZWQVS:SUSPS\VSWbS\

Ada]{_]o|kk]j /(0 -,, ,NlYf\_]o|kk]j -,, -,, ,F~kl]f_]o|kk]j -,, -,, ,

Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_]f ^~j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j o]j\]f o]_]f Ua]dn]j^]‘dmf_]f \]k _ml]f }cg)dg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k+_ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f Kgl]fraYdk af <fkhjm[‘ _]fgee]f*

Um Z]_j~f\]f kaf\ \a] ]j^gj\]jda[‘]f Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_]f ^~j JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j ~Z]joa])_]f\ eal mfn]j‘|dlfake|{a_ ‘g‘]f Fgkl]f mf\+g\]j \]f fYl~jda[‘]f B]_]Z]f‘]al]f* Ume =]a)kha]d Z]f}la_]f kmcr]kkan] HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]j B]o|kk]jegjh‘gdg_a] g^l d|f_]j]Rajcr]alj|me]* Na] kaf\ af \]j M]_]d \]ffg[‘ me^Yf_j]a[‘]f oYkk]jZYmda[‘]f B]klYdlmf_]f ngj)rmra]‘]f( o]ad ka] o]k]flda[‘ cgkl]f_~fkla_]j rm j]Ydaka]j]f kaf\ mf\ g^l Ym[‘ fYlmjn]jlj|_da[‘]jmermk]lr]f kaf\* ?]j l][‘fak[‘]f Pek]lrmf_ ngf HY{fY‘e]f kaf\ r* =* g^l \mj[‘ fa[‘l ]f\_~dla_]flk[‘a]\]f] M]klYmja]jmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f Z]a NlYf\_]o|kk]jf g\]j ^]‘d]f\] Ad|[‘]fn]j^~_ZYjc]alrmj B]o|kk]j]floa[cdmf_ Bj]fr]f _]k]lrl*

Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_]f kaf\ Ym[‘ \Yff ro][ce|{a_( o]ff \]j A]klkl]ddmf_ \]j =]dYklmf_kmjkY[‘]f]af ]flkhj][‘]f\]k Hgfalgjaf_ ngjYmk_]‘]f emkk* ?a]k cYff __^* d|f_]j] U]alj|me] af <fkhjm[‘f]‘e]f( akl YZ]j rmj PjkY[‘]f]jealldmf_ mf\ ja[‘la_]f HY{fY‘e]fYmkoY‘d mfYZ\af_ZYj* Um\]eoaj\ af eYf[‘]f A|dd]f ]af] d|f_]j] ?Ym]j \]j KdYfmf_( B]f]‘ea_mf_ mf\ Pek]lrmf_ ngf l][‘)fak[‘]f =Ymo]jc]f( ^~j \]f Pe_Yf_ eal @a_]flmek^jY_]f g\]j \Yk @jj]a[‘]f ]af]j ‘afj]a[‘]f\]f<cr]hlYfr ngf HY{fY‘e]f fglo]f\a_ k]af*

Pe ngj\jaf_da[‘] HY{fY‘e]f ngf kgd[‘]f rm lj]ff]f( ^~j \a] Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_]f af <fkhjm[‘_]fgee]f o]j\]f( oaj\ afkZ]kgf\]j] \Yk Dfkljme]fl \]j HY{fY‘e]fhjagjaka]jmf_ Yf_]o]f\]l*HY{fY‘e]f( \a] Z]kgf\]jk ro][ce|{a_( cgkl]f]^^ara]fl mf\ n]j‘|dlfake|{a_ kaf\( o]j\]f ngj)rm_ko]ak] me_]k]lrl*

62

:‘c\ReOaaS‘

Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_]f o]j\]f ngj Ydd]e ^~j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j eal =]dYklmf_]f Ymk \a^^mk]f I|‘j)klg^^]aflj|_]f af <fkhjm[‘ _]fgee]f* ?Yk akl ]j^gj\]jda[‘( \Y ljglr M]\mra]jmf_ \]k Nlg^^]afljY)_]k \a] dYf_]f Bjmf\oYkk]j^da]{r]al]f $Zak rm e]‘j Ydk -,, EY‘j]f% c]af] k[‘f]dd] ka_fa^acYfl] Q]j)Z]kk]jmf_ \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jimYdal|l Zak rme _ml]f [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\ ]joYjl]f dYkk]f*

GOP& <<&-%,6 9\T]^‘P\VjXRP\_XRPX Ql\ :\_XOaL]]P\Uk\ZP\

4\hOVZRS‘ JOaaS‘%

Yq‘^S‘

ROd]\ 4\hOVZRS‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘

W[aQVZSQVbS\ QVS[WaQVS\

LcabO\R

ROd]\ 4\hOVZ RS‘ JOa%aS‘Yq‘^S‘ W[ aQVZSQVbS\

[S\US\[poWUS\ Lc%abO\R

4\bSWZRS‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘

[Wb9‘WabdS‘Zp\US‘c\U

Bjmf\oYkk]j -0 -/ . -0

Tabelle II.5-5: Gründe für Fristverlängerungen in Grundwasserkörpern (Mehrfachnennungen möglich)

Prozentualer Anteil der Gründebei Wasserkörpern mit Fristverlängerungen

Gründe dertechnischen

DurchführbarkeitUnverhältnismäßig

hohe KostenNatürliche Gegeben-

heiten

Bjmf\oYkk]j -,, -,, 5/

<<&-&*&, JS\WUS‘ ab‘S\US H[eSZbhWSZS "4‘b& , 4Pa& - 8:%JEE?#

<dk =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d] ^~j JZ]j^d|[‘]f) mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j c}ff]f fY[‘ <jlac]d 0 <ZkYlr 1RMMG o]fa_]j klj]f_] Peo]dlra]d] ^]kl_]d]_l o]j\]f* ?a]k akl fmj rmd|kka_( o]ff \a] RYkk]jc}j)h]j af^gd_] e]fk[‘da[‘]j O|la_c]al kg Z]]aflj|[‘la_l kaf\ g\]j a‘j] fYl~jda[‘]f B]_]Z]f‘]al]f kgZ]k[‘Y^^]f kaf\( \Ykk \Yk @jj]a[‘]f \]j Ua]d] af \]j KjYpak fa[‘l e}_da[‘ g\]j mfn]j‘|dlfake|{a_l]m]j o|j] mf\ afkZ]kgf\]j] ^gd_]f\] =]\af_mf_]f ]j^~ddl kaf\6

· \a] }cgdg_ak[‘]f mf\ kgrag}cgfgeak[‘]f @j^gj\]jfakk]( \]f]f kgd[‘] O|la_c]al]f \a]f]f(c}ff]f fa[‘l \mj[‘ Yf\]j] Hall]d ]jj]a[‘l o]j\]f( \a] ]af] o]k]flda[‘ Z]kk]j] mf\ fa[‘leal mfn]j‘|dlfake|{a_]f Fgkl]f n]jZmf\]f] Peo]dlghlagf \Yjkl]dd]f(

· \Ykk ae CafZda[c Ym^ JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j \]j Z]kle}_da[‘] }cgdg_ak[‘] mf\ [‘]eak[‘]UmklYf\ mf\ ae CafZda[c Ym^ \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j \a] _]jaf_e}_da[‘kl]f Q]j|f\]jmf_]f \]k_ml]f Bjmf\oYkk]jrmklYf\k ]j^gd_]f(

· c]af] Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_ \]k UmklYf\k \]k Z]lj]^^]f\]f RYkk]jc}jh]jk ]j^gd_l mf\· \a] o]fa_]j klj]f_]f Peo]dlra]d] mf\ \a] Bj~f\] af \]e =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf ae @afr]d)

f]f \Yj_]d]_l mf\ \a]k] Ua]d] Ydd] k][‘k EY‘j] ~Z]jhj~^l o]j\]f*

R]fa_]j klj]f_] Peo]dlra]d] o]j\]f af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] fmj af ]af]e <mkfY‘e]^Ydd af<fkhjm[‘ _]fgee]f( kg^]jf Ym^_jmf\ n]jf~f^la_]j @afk[‘|lrmf_ mf\ Z]dYklZYj]j ?Yl]f ^]kl_])kl]ddl oaj\( \Ykk \]j _ml] UmklYf\ Zak .,.3 fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘l g\]j \a] ]j^gj\]jda[‘]f Q]jZ]kk]jmf_]fZak .,.3 fa[‘l j]Ydaka]jl o]j\]f c}ff]f* @k da]_]f roYj <f‘Ydlkhmfcl] ngj( \a] ]af] DfYfkhjm[‘)fY‘e] ngf o]fa_]j klj]f_]f Peo]dlra]d]f ^~j Z]klaeel] JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j j][‘l^]jla_]fc}ffl]f* ?Y \a] ?Yl]fdY_] ]af] kgd[‘] Umgj\fmf_ b]\g[‘ fg[‘ fa[‘l ]af\]mla_ rmd|kkl( omj\]f ^~j\a]k] RYkk]jc}jh]j rmf|[‘kl ]Z]f^Yddk Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_]f af <fkhjm[‘ _]fgee]f* De MY‘e]f\]j o]al]j]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfmf_ o]j\]f \Y‘]j r* O* o]al]j] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f fglo]f\a_(^Yddk \a] DfYfkhjm[‘fY‘e] o]fa_]j klj]f_]j Peo]dlra]d] af^gd_] fYl~jda[‘]j B]_]Z]f‘]al]f g\]j\Ym]j‘Y^l mfn]j‘|dlfake|{a_]j Fgkl]f ngf HY{fY‘e]f ]j^gj\]jda[‘ oaj\* Bjmf\k|lrda[‘ oaj\ ka[‘

63

\]j]f DfYfkhjm[‘fY‘e] b]\g[‘ Ym^ RYkk]jc}jh]j eal ]af]j Z]kgf\]j]f =]dYklmf_kkalmYlagf Z])k[‘j|fc]f*

BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘

R]fa_]j klj]f_] Peo]dlra]d] o]j\]f d]\a_da[‘ ^~j ]af]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]jc}jh]j Ymk_]oa]k]f*Ca]jZ]a ‘Yf\]dl ]k ka[‘ me \a] Pfl]joYjfgo* ?a]k]j RYkk]jc}jh]j ]jj]a[‘l Ym^_jmf\ \]j na]d^|dla)_]f Imlrmf_]f mf\ \]j @aflj|_] ~Z]j \a] RYjfgo af ]af e|{a_]k Kgl]fraYd* De Um_] \]j =]oajl)k[‘Y^lmf_kngjhdYfmf_ ‘Yl ‘a]jrm ]af me^Yf_j]a[‘]j <Zklaeemf_khjgr]kk mfl]j =]l]ada_mf_ \]jAY[‘}^^]flda[‘c]al mf\ afl]j]kka]jl]j Nl]dd]f _]_]Z]f* ?a] @flk[‘]a\mf_ rmj Agjemda]jmf_ o]fa_]jklj]f_]j Peo]dlra]d] akl ae Fgfk]fk ]j^gd_l*

:‘c\ReOaaS‘

R]fa_]j klj]f_] Peo]dlra]d] ^~j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j o]j\]f af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] fa[‘l af<fkhjm[‘ _]fgee]f*

<<&-&*&- I]‘rPS‘USVS\RS IS‘aQVZSQVbS‘c\US\ "4‘b& , 4Pa& . 8:%JEE?#

Pfl]j @af‘Ydlmf_ Z]klaeel]j MYf\Z]\af_mf_]f akl fY[‘ <jlac]d 0 <ZkYlr 2 @B)RMMG ]af] ngj~Z]j)_]‘]f\] Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_ ngf RYkk]jc}jh]jf eal \]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f \]j Ma[‘ldafa] n]j]afZYj*?a]k akl \]j AYdd( o]ff ka] Ymk fYl~jda[‘]f PjkY[‘]f $Cg[‘oYkk]j( ?~jj]f( ‘}‘]j] B]oYdl% g\]j\mj[‘ fa[‘l ngj‘]jk]‘ZYj] Pf^|dd] ]flklYf\]f kaf\ mf\ Ydd] hjYclacYZd]f Qgjc]‘jmf_]f ^~j ]af]o]al]j] Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_ _]ljg^^]f ogj\]f kaf\*

<mkfY‘e]f Ym^_jmf\ ngf ngj~Z]j_]‘]f\]f Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_]f ae Naff] ngf <jl* 0 <Zk* 2 @B)RMMG o]j\]f af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] _jmf\k|lrda[‘ fa[‘l af <fkhjm[‘ _]fgee]f*

<<&-&*&. l\RS‘c\US\ RS‘ ^VgaWaQVS\ 8WUS\aQVOTbS\ d]\ BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘%^S‘\$ RSa CSUSZa d]\ :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\$ IS‘aQVZSQVbS‘c\U d][ aSV‘UcbS\ hc[ UcbS\ LcabO\R W\T]ZUS SW\S‘ \ScS\ \OQVVOZbWUS\ O\bV‘]^]%US\S\ 8\beWQYZc\UabpbWUYSWb "4‘b& , 4Pa& / 8:%JEE?#

?Yk Ia[‘l]jj]a[‘]f ]af]k _ml]f Bjmf\oYkk]jrmklYf\k( ]af]k _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\k g\]jKgl]fraYdk g\]j \Yk Ia[‘ln]j‘af\]jf ]af]j UmklYf\n]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_ ]af]k JZ]j^d|[‘]f) g\]jBjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jk _]e|{ <jlac]d 0 <ZkYlr 3 @B)RMMG kl]ddl c]af]f Q]jklg{ _]_]f \a] Qgjk[‘ja^)l]f \]j Ma[‘ldafa] \Yj( kg^]jf Ydd] hjYclacYZd]f Qgjc]‘jmf_]f _]ljg^^]f o]j\]f mf\ ]af] ‘afj]a)[‘]f\] =]_j~f\mf_ ae =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf ngj_]d]_l oaj\* QgjYmkk]lrmf_ \Y^~j akl( \Ykk \a]k\a] Agd_] ngf f]m]f xf\]jmf_]f \]j h‘qkak[‘]f @a_]fk[‘Y^l]f ]af]k JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]jkg\]j ngf xf\]jmf_]f \]k K]_]dk ngf Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf akl* @af] Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_ ngf ]af]ek]‘j _ml]f rm ]af]e _ml]f UmklYf\ ]af]k JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jk akl rmd|kka_( o]ff ka] \a] Agd_]]af]j f]m]f fY[‘‘Ydla_]f @floa[cdmf_kl|la_c]al akl*

<mkfY‘e]f Ym^_jmf\ ngf f]m]f xf\]jmf_]f \]j @a_]fk[‘Y^l]f ngf RYkk]jc}jh]jf g\]j f]m]ffY[‘‘Ydla_] Yfl‘jghg_]f]f @floa[cdmf_kl|la_c]al o]j\]f \]jr]al af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] fa[‘laf <fkhjm[‘ _]fgee]f*

64

<<&-&+ 5SeW‘baQVOTbc\UahWSZS Tr‘ FQVcbhUSPWSbS

B]e|{ <f‘Yf_ DQ <Zk* - @B)RMMG kaf\ B]Za]l] rmj @flfY‘e] ngf RYkk]j ^~j \]f e]fk[‘da[‘]fB]ZjYm[‘( @j‘gdmf_k) mf\ =Y\]_]o|kk]j( I|‘jklg^^k]fkaZd] B]Za]l]( @B)Qg_]dk[‘mlr) mf\ AAC)B]Za]l] kgoa] Aak[‘) mf\ Hmk[‘]d_]o|kk]j Ydk N[‘mlr_]Za]l] Ymkrmo]ak]f* ?a] af \]j AB@ RYj)fgo+K]]f] Ymk_]oa]k]f]f N[‘mlr_]Za]l]( ^~j \a] ]af Z]kgf\]j]j =]\Yj^ rme N[‘mlr \]k JZ]j^d|)[‘]f) mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jk g\]j rmj @j‘Ydlmf_ oYkk]jYZ‘|f_a_]j G]Z]fkj|me] mf\ <jl]f Z]kl]‘l(kaf\ af FYhal]d DD*/ Z]k[‘ja]Z]f*

Ua]d akl ]k( Ydd] <f^gj\]jmf_]f \]j @B)RMMG af \]f N[‘mlr_]Za]l]f Zak .,-1 ]afrm‘Ydl]f( kg^]jf \a]M][‘lkngjk[‘ja^l]f( Ym^ \]j]f Bjmf\dY_] \a] ]afr]df]f N[‘mlr_]Za]l] Ymk_]oa]k]f omj\]f( c]af]Yf\]jo]ala_]f =]klaeemf_]f ]fl‘Ydl]f $<jl* 0 <Zk* -[ @B)RMMG%* =]a \]j =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_ ngfJZ]j^d|[‘]f) mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf( \a] af N[‘mlr_]Za]l]f da]_]f $r* =* af _jmf\oYkk]jYZ‘|f)_a_]f GYf\}cgkqkl]e]f%( kaf\ \Y‘]j \a] ka[‘ Ymk \]f b]o]ada_]f M][‘lkngjk[‘ja^l]f( oa] r* =*N[‘mlr_]Za]lkn]jgj\fmf_]f( ]j_]Z]f\]f Ua]d] rm Z]j~[cka[‘la_]f* Hal \]j Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]k Um)klYf\k \]j B]o|kk]j ae Naff] \]j @B)RMMG o]j\]f \a] _]Za]lkkh]ra^ak[‘]f N[‘mlrra]d] af \]j M])_]d mfl]jkl~lrl*

<mk _d]a[‘_]ja[‘l]l]f Ua]d]f d]al]f ka[‘ Nqf]j_a]f YZ( \a] Z]a \]j =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_ \]j N[‘mlr_]Za])l] mf\ \]j \Yjaf da]_]f\]f B]o|kk]j _]fmlrl o]j\]f* =]a ka[‘ ae <mkfY‘e]^Ydd oa\]jkhj][‘]f\]fUa]d]f ]j^gd_l ]af] <Zklaeemf_ oYkk]joajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]j mf\ fYlmjk[‘mlr^Y[‘da[‘]j KdYfmf_]f* ?Y)Z]a o]j\]f ]afn]jf]‘eda[‘] G}kmf_]f Yf_]klj]Zl* ?a] @af‘Ydlmf_ \]j k[‘mlr_]Za]lkkh]ra^ak[‘]f=]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d] oaj\ \mj[‘ Yf \a] b]o]ada_]f Ua]d] Yf_]hYkkl] zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg_jYee]~Z]jhj~^l*

A~j Ydd] N[‘mlr_]Za]lkYjl]f oaj\ b]o]adk ae MY‘e]f \]j HY{fY‘e]fhdYfmf_ _]hj~^l( afoa]o]al\a] b]o]ada_]f k[‘mlr_]Za]lkkh]ra^ak[‘]f Ua]d] ae @afcdYf_ eal \]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d] \]j @B)RMMG kl]‘]f mf\ o]d[‘] Nqf]j_a]f rm Yf\]j]f N[‘mlrra]d]f ‘]j_]kl]ddl o]j\]f c}ff]f*

De Agd_]f\]f o]j\]f \a] Ua]d] ^~j \a] af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ngjcgee]f\]f N[‘mlr_]Za]l]_]fYffl* Df \]j M]_]d o]j\]f af Ydd]f N[‘mlr_]Za]l]f Ua]d] n]j^gd_l( \a] \a] @jj]a[‘mf_ ]af]k _ml]fUmklYf\k ngf RYkk]jc}jh]jf mfl]jkl~lr]f( __^* d]al]f ka[‘ Ymk \]f M][‘lkngjk[‘ja^l]f Ym[‘ o]al]j)j]a[‘]f\] <f^gj\]jmf_]f YZ* DfkZ]kgf\]j] af Z]rm_ Ym^ B]Za]l] rmj @flfY‘e] ngf RYkk]j ^~j\]f e]fk[‘da[‘]f B]ZjYm[‘ kl]‘]f \a] k[‘mlr_]Za]lkkh]ra^ak[‘]f Ua]d] af \aj]cl]e UmkYee]f)‘Yf_ eal \]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d]f \]j @B)RMMG*

:SPWSbS hc‘ 8\b\OV[S d]\ JOaaS‘ Tr‘ RS\ [S\aQVZWQVS\ :SP‘OcQV

RYkk]jc}jh]j o]j\]f rme Rg‘d] \]j <dd_]e]af‘]al ae Dfl]j]kk] ]af]j \]jr]al Z]kl]‘]f\]f g\]jc~f^la_]f }^^]flda[‘]f RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ Z]kgf\]jk _]k[‘~lrl( me \a] Z]lj]^^]f\]f B]o|kk]j ngjfY[‘l]ada_]f @afoajcmf_]f rm k[‘~lr]f mf\ \a] OjafcoYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ Ym^ ?Ym]j rm ka[‘]jf*

A~j \a] RYkk]jc}jh]j( \a] rmj OjafcoYkk]jfmlrmf_ ‘]jYf_]rg_]f o]j\]f( kaf\ rmf|[‘kl \a] Ua]d]\]k _ml]f [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\k mf\ \]k _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f $JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]j% Zro* e]f_]f)e|{a_]f $Bjmf\oYkk]j% UmklYf\k Yfrmklj]Z]f* ?a] RYkk]jc}jh]j eal OjafcoYkk]j]flfY‘e]f e~k)k]f b]\g[‘ fa[‘l fmj \a] Ua]d] \]k <jlac]dk 0 @B)RMMG $]afk[‘da]{da[‘ \]j _]e|{ <jlac]d -2 Ym^ B])e]afk[‘Y^lk]Z]f] ^]kl_]d]_l]f LmYdal|lkfgje]f% ]jj]a[‘]f( kgf\]jf \Yk _]ogff]f] RYkk]jemkk( mfl]j =]j~[cka[‘la_mf_ \]k Yf_]oYf\l]f RYkk]jYm^Z]j]almf_kn]j^Y‘j]fk mf\ _]e|{ \]eB]e]afk[‘Y^lkj][‘l( Ym[‘ \a] <f^gj\]jmf_]f \]j OjafcoYkk]jja[‘ldafa] 4,+334+@RB af \]j \mj[‘\a] Ma[‘ldafa] 54+4/+@B _]|f\]jl]f AYkkmf_ ]j^~dd]f* ?Yk Ua]d( \]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f \]j OjafcoYkk]j)ja[‘ldafa] rm _]f~_]f( kl]‘l ^~j RYkk]jc}jh]j eal OjafcoYkk]jfmlrmf_ kgeal f]Z]f \]f <f^gj\])jmf_]f \]j @B)RMMG*

?Yk Hafaea]jmf_k_]Zgl \]j RYkk]jYm^Z]j]almf_ fY[‘ <jlac]d 3 <ZkYlr / @B)RMMG ^gj\]jl rm\]e(\Ykk \a] <m^Z]j]almf_ _]_]f~Z]j \]e NlYf\ .,,5 fa[‘l g\]j fmj YmkfY‘eko]ak] afl]fkana]jl o]j)\]f \Yj^( me Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_]f \]j Mg‘oYkk]jZ]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al Ymkrm_d]a[‘]f* ?a]k]k oaj\ ~Z]j\a] zZ]joY[‘mf_ \]k Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_kn]jZgl]k \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j) mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jZ])

65

k[‘Y^^]f‘]al af \]f RYkk]jc}jh]jf( \a] ^~j \a] @flfY‘e] ngf RYkk]j ^~j \]f e]fk[‘da[‘]fQ]jZjYm[‘ _]fmlrl o]j\]f( _]o|‘jd]akl]l*

?a] @jj]a[‘mf_ ]af]k _ml]f UmklYf\k ngf RYkk]jc}jh]jf fY[‘ \]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f \]j @B)RMMGZ]_~fkla_l ]af] Q]jjaf_]jmf_ \]k <m^oYf\k ^~j \a] <m^Z]j]almf_ \]k Mg‘oYkk]jk*

Df Z]rm_ Ym^ \a] OjafcoYkk]jimYdal|l o]j\]f af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] c]af] <mkfY‘e]j]_]dmf)_]f ^~j JZ]j^d|[‘]f) mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j fY[‘ <jlac]d 0 @B)RMMG af <fkhjm[‘ _]fgee]f*

8‘V]Zc\UaUSepaaS‘ "5ORSUSepaaS‘#

Uo][c \]j =Y\]_]o|kk]jja[‘ldafa] akl ]k( \a] Peo]dl rm ]j‘Ydl]f mf\ rm k[‘~lr]f( a‘j] LmYdal|l rmn]jZ]kk]jf mf\ \a] B]kmf\‘]al \]k H]fk[‘]f rm k[‘~lr]f* Pe \a]k rm _]o|‘jd]akl]f( oaj\ \a]LmYdal|l \]j Ydk =Y\]kl]dd]f Z]fYffl]f JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jZ]j]a[‘] eal ]af]e kh]ra]dd]f H]kk)hjg_jYee ~Z]joY[‘l mf\ \]j UmklYf\ Yf‘Yf\ ^]kl_]d]_l]j LmYdal|lkhYjYe]l]j Z]o]jl]l* ?YZ]aoaj\ \]j UmklYf\ \]j =Y\]_]o|kk]j af na]j Nlm^]f $Ymk_]r]a[‘f]l( _ml( Ymkj]a[‘]f\( eYf_]d‘Y^l%Z]o]jl]l* Ua]d \]j Ma[‘ldafa] akl ]k( \Ykk Ydd] =Y\]kl]dd]f rme @f\] \]j =Y\]kYakgf .,-1 eaf\]kl]fk]af]f Ymkj]a[‘]f\]f UmklYf\ Ym^o]ak]f* R]al]j‘af kgdd]f \mj[‘ j]Ydaklak[‘] mf\ n]j‘|dlfake|{a_]HY{fY‘e]f \a] <frY‘d \]j Ydk _ml g\]j Ymk_]r]a[‘f]l ]af_]klm^l]f =Y\]kl]dd]f ]j‘}‘l o]j\]f*

?a] Ua]d] \]j =Y\]_]o|kk]jja[‘ldafa] kaf\ Ydk @j_|frmf_ \]j Ua]d] \]j @B)RMMG Yfrmk]‘]f*

ApV‘ab]TTaS\aWPZS :SPWSbS "\OQV 8:%>][[c\OZOPeOaaS‘% c\R 8:%AWb‘Ob‘WQVbZW\WS#

?a] FgeemfYdYZoYkk]jja[‘ldafa] n]j^gd_l \Yk Ua]d( \a] Peo]dl ngj \]f k[‘|\da[‘]f <mkoajcmf_]f\]k <ZoYkk]jk rm k[‘~lr]f* ?Yrm kaf\ _]e]af\da[‘] B]Za]l] rm Z]klaeel]f O]jeaf]f eal FYfYda)kYlagf]f mf\ <ZoYkk]jZ]‘Yf\dmf_kYfdY_]f YmkrmklYll]f* R]al]j‘af o]j\]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f Yf\a] LmYdal|l \]k ]afrmd]al]f\]f <ZoYkk]jk _]kl]ddl*

?a] IaljYlja[‘ldafa] ‘Yl rme Ua]d( \a] \mj[‘ IaljYl Ymk dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f Lm]dd]f n]jmjkY[‘l] g\]jYmk_]d}kl] B]o|kk]jn]jmfj]afa_mf_ rm n]jjaf_]jf mf\ o]al]j]j B]o|kk]jn]jmfj]afa_mf_ \a]k]j<jl ngjrmZ]m_]f* Ca]jrm omj\] af ?]mlk[‘dYf\ \a] ?~f_]n]jgj\fmf_ ]jdYkk]f( af \]j Ydk Ua]dngj)_YZ] \a] @af‘Ydlmf_ ngf Bj]fro]jl]f ^~j I|‘jklg^^~Z]jk[‘~kk] rm Z]klaeel]f U]alhmfcl]f ^]kl)_]k]lrl o]j\]f*

?a] Ua]d] mf\ \a] Pek]lrmf_ \]j IaljYl) mf\ FgeemfYdYZoYkk]jja[‘ldafa] kl]dd]f ]af] oa[‘la_]Bjmf\dY_] ^~j \a] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_ ngf JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]j) mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf fY[‘ @B)RMMG eal \]e Ua]d ]af]k _ml]f UmklYf\k \Yj*

8:%I]USZaQVcbh% c\R 99;%:SPWSbS

?a] @B)Qg_]dk[‘mlr) mf\ AAC)Ma[‘ldafa] ‘YZ]f rme Ua]d( ]af cg‘|j]fl]k ]mjgh|ak[‘]k }cgdg_ak[‘]kI]lr Z]kgf\]j]j N[‘mlr_]Za]l] eal \]j =]r]a[‘fmf_ £IYlmjY .,,,¢ rm ]jja[‘l]f* ?a]k]k I]lr Z])kl]‘l Ymk N[‘mlr_]Za]l]f( \a] \a] fYl~jda[‘]f G]Z]fkjYmelqh]f \]k <f‘Yf_k D kgoa] \a] CYZalYl]\]j <jl]f \]k <f‘Yf_k DD \]j MG me^Ykk]f( mf\ emkk \]f AgjlZ]klYf\ g\]j _]_]Z]f]f^Yddk \a]Ra]\]j‘]jkl]ddmf_ ]af]k _~fkla_]f @j‘Ydlmf_krmklYf\]k \a]k]j fYl~jda[‘]f G]Z]fkjYmelqh]f mf\CYZalYl] \]j <jl]f af a‘j]e fYl~jda[‘]f Q]jZj]almf_k_]Za]l _]o|‘jd]akl]f*

?a] @B)RMMG mfl]jkl~lrl \a] Ua]d] ngf IYlmjY .,,, ^~j oYkk]jYZ‘|f_a_] GYf\}cgkqkl]e]( af\]e\a] N[‘mlr) mf\ @j‘Ydlmf_kra]d] afkZ]kgf\]j] ^~j oYkk]j_]Zmf\]f] <jl]f mf\ G]Z]fkj|me] aeMY‘e]f \]j gh]jYlan]f zZ]joY[‘mf_ mf\ Z]a \]j <m^kl]ddmf_ \]j HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee] Z])j~[cka[‘la_l mf\ eal \]f IYlmjk[‘mlrZ]‘}j\]f YZ_]klaeel o]j\]f*

9WaQVUSepaaS‘ "FroeOaaS‘#

?a] Aak[‘_]o|kk]jja[‘ldafa] _adl ^~j N~{oYkk]jj]_agf]f( \a] k[‘mlr¡ g\]j n]jZ]kk]jmf_ko~j\a_kaf\( me Aak[‘hghmdYlagf]f af B]o|kk]jf Ymk }cgdg_ak[‘]f YZ]j Ym[‘ Ymk oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f B])

66

ka[‘lkhmfcl]f rm ]j‘Ydl]f mf\ rm n]jZ]kk]jf* Pe \a]k rm _]o|‘jd]akl]f( e~kk]f \a]k] ngj Q]jmf)j]afa_mf_]f mf\ ngj \]f f]_Ylan]f Agd_]f \]k @afd]al]fk ngf N[‘Y\klg^^]f _]k[‘~lrl o]j\]f(\Yeal \a] @jr]m_fakk] Ydk IY‘jmf_keall]d ]af] _]ka[‘]jl] LmYdal|l Ym^o]ak]f* ?a] M]_agf]f o]j\]f\Yrm af NYdegfa\]f mf\ >qhjafa\]f_]o|kk]j kgoa] \]f H~f\mf_kZ]j]a[‘ \]k Admkk]afrm_k_]Za])l]k mfl]jl]adl*

67

II.6 Zusammenfassung der wirtschaftlichen Analyse derWassernutzung (Artikel 5 und Anhang III EG-WRRL)

QgjZ]e]jcmf_DD*2*- RYkk]jfmlrmf_DD*2*-*- Peo]dl}cgfgeak[‘] B]kYelj][‘fmf_DD*2*-*. RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f ^~j \a] }^^]flda[‘] RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_DD*2*-*/ y^^]flda[‘] <ZoYkk]j]flkgj_mf_DD*2*-*0 Rajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] =]\]mlmf_ kgfkla_]j RYkk]jfmlrmf_]fDD*2*. =Yk]daf])Nr]fYjagDD*2*.*- QgjZ]e]jcmf_]fDD*2*.*. @floa[cdmf_ \]k RYkk]j\Yj_]ZglkDD*2*.*/ y^^]flda[‘] RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_DD*2*.*0 y^^]flda[‘] <ZoYkk]j]flkgj_mf_DD*2*.*1 @floa[cdmf_khjg_fgk] ^~j o]al]j] RYkk]jfmlrmf_]fDD*2*/ Fgkl]f\][c]f\] RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]fDD*2*/*- <Z_j]frmf_ \]k =]_ja^^k RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]fDD*2*/*. H]l‘g\acDD*2*/*/ @j_]Zfakk]DD*2*/*0 UmkYee]f^Ykkmf_ mf\ N[‘dmkk^gd_]jmf_]f

I]‘PS[S‘Yc\U

?Yk ngjda]_]f\] FYhal]d kl~lrl ka[‘ o]k]flda[‘ Ym^ \a] oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] <fYdqk] fY[‘ <jl* 1 @B)RMMGkgoa] \a] \Yrm _]_]Z]f]f Cafo]ak] \]j Fgeeakkagf* ?a] RMMG n]jdYf_l ^~j \a] Admkk_]Za]lk]af)‘]al]f ]af] oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] <fYdqk] \]j RYkk]jfmlrmf_ mf\ ^~j \a] RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f Ym[‘]af] ?a^^]j]fra]jmf_ fY[‘ Rajlk[‘Y^lkZ]j]a[‘]f* =]a a‘j]j zZ]jhj~^mf_ ‘Yll] \a] @P)Fgeeakkkagf\a]k] <kh]cl] \]j Pek]lrmf_ \]j oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f <fYdqk] cjalaka]jl $@P)?gcme]fl]6 FJH $.,,3%-.4( N@> $.,,3% /2.( N@> $.,,3% /2/%* Df \]j OYl da]_l af ?]mlk[‘dYf\ ^~j \a] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al]f]af] ?a^^]j]fra]jmf_ \]j RYkk]jfmlrmf_ fY[‘ Rajlk[‘Y^lkZ]j]a[‘]f a* \* M* fa[‘l ngj* A~j \a] Admkk)_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f] omj\] n]jkm[‘l( \a]k]k ?]^aral \mj[‘ ]af] kg_]fYffl] RYkk]j^dmkk)j][‘fmf_ rm Z]‘]Z]f* ?a]k]k Qgj_]‘]f ]j^gd_l] af <Zklaeemf_ eal <jZ]alk_jmhh] Peo]dl}cg)fgeak[‘] B]kYelj][‘fmf_]f \]j G|f\]j $<B PBM\G%* ?a] ?Yl]f]j^Ykkmf_ ^~j \a] AB@ RYj)fgo+K]]f] ]j^gd_l] ~Z]j \Yk GYf\]kYel ^~j aff]j] Q]joYdlmf_ H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf( <el^~j NlYlaklac*

?Yj~Z]j ‘afYmk omj\] ae EY‘j .,,4 ]af] dYf\]ko]al] ?Yl]f]j‘]Zmf_ rmj Fgkl]f\][cmf_ \]j RYk)k]jn]jkgj_mf_kmfl]jf]‘e]f mf\ YZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_kh^da[‘la_]f F}jh]jk[‘Y^l]f af \]f EY‘j]f.,,0 Zak .,,2 ngj_]fgee]f( \]j]f ^dmkk_]Za]lkZ]rg_]f]f <mko]jlmf_ ‘a]j rmkYee]f_]^Ykkloaj\*

<clmYdaka]jmf_]f \]j oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f <fYdqk] fY[‘ <jl* 1 @B)RMMG omj\]f ngj_]fgee]f( ogf]m]j] ?Yl]fkl|f\] ngjdY_]f( \a] j]d]nYfl] Q]j|f\]jmf_]f _]_]f~Z]j \]e ?Yl]fklYf\ \]j.,,0+.,,1 ngj_]fgee]f]f <fYdqk] Ym^oa]k]f*

<<&.&) JOaaS‘\cbhc\U

Pfl]j RYkk]jfmlrmf_]f o]j\]f RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f mf\ b]\] Yf\]j] CYf\dmf_ n]jklYf\]f(\a] _]e|{ <jl 1 mf\ <f‘Yf_ DDD ka_fa^acYfl] <mkoajcmf_]f Ym^ \Yk B]o|kk]j ‘YZ]f* Agd_]f\]RYkk]jfmlrmf_]f kaf\ ^~j \a] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ngf =]\]mlmf_6

· RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f ^~j \a] }^^]flda[‘] RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_(

· }^^]flda[‘] <ZoYkk]j]afd]almf_(

· kgfkla_] RYkk]jfmlrmf_]f \mj[‘ GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l( Df\mklja]( @f]j_a]oajlk[‘Y^l( =]j_ZYmmf\ N[‘a^^^Y‘jl*

?Yk £=jYf[‘]fZad\ \]j \]mlk[‘]f RYkk]joajlk[‘Y^l .,,4¢ $<OO ]l Yd* .,,4% kl]ddl Yfk[‘Ymda[‘ \a]‘g‘] G]aklmf_k^|‘a_c]al \]j RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ mf\ <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ af ?]mlk[‘dYf\ \Yj* ?a])

68

k] @j_]Zfakk] khj][‘]f fa[‘l fmj ^~j ‘g‘] LmYdal|lkklYf\Yj\k Z]a \]f RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f af?]mlk[‘dYf\ afk_]kYel( kgf\]jf Ym[‘ ^~j ]af ‘g‘]k HY{ Yf Fgkl]f\][cmf_ mf\ ^~j ]j‘]Zda[‘]<fj]ar] \]j B]Z~‘j]fhgdalac rme ]^^ara]fl]f Pe_Yf_ eal \]j M]kkgmj[] RYkk]j ae Naff] \]j @B)RMMG* ?Y\mj[‘ o]j\]f \a] Peo]dl) mf\ M]kkgmj[]fcgkl]f fa]\ja_ _]‘Ydl]f*

II.6.1.1 Umweltökonomische Gesamtrechnung

De MY‘e]f \]j meo]dl}cgfgeak[‘]f B]kYelj][‘fmf_ $PBM% omj\] ^~j \a] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]\a] gZ]f ]jo|‘f]l RYkk]j^dmkkj][‘fmf_ \mj[‘_]^~‘jl* Ua]d \a]k]j RYkk]j^dmkkj][‘fmf_]f akl \a]?Yjkl]ddmf_ \]j RYkk]j]flfY‘e] Ymk \]j IYlmj mf\ \]j RYkk]jYZ_YZ] Yf \a] IYlmj ^~j Ydd] Rajl)k[‘Y^lkZ]j]a[‘] mf\ \a] hjanYl]f CYmk‘Ydl] af ]af]j M]_agf $_]Za]lkYfk|kka_] @af‘]al]f% af ]af]eFYd]f\]jbY‘j* ?a] =]j][‘fmf_ \a]k]j Bj}{]f k]lrl ]af] e}_da[‘kl ngddkl|f\a_] <ZZad\mf_ \]je]f_]fe|{a_]f RYkk]jklj}e] roak[‘]f \]e fYl~jda[‘]f mf\ \]e }cgfgeak[‘]f Nqkl]e mf\aff]j‘YdZ \]j Rajlk[‘Y^l ]af]j M]_agf Z]a @afZ]ra]‘mf_ \]j _j]fr~Z]jk[‘j]al]f\]f RYkk]j) mf\<ZoYkk]jklj}e] ngjYmk*

?a] RYkk]j^dmkkj][‘fmf_]f Z]af‘Ydl]f b]o]adk ^~j Ydd] Rajlk[‘Y^lkZ]j]a[‘] kgoa] ^~j \a] hjanYl]fCYmk‘Ydl]6

· RYkk]j]flfY‘e] Ymk \]j IYlmj· RYkk]j]afkYlr+RYkk]jn]jo]f\mf_· RYkk]jYZ_YZ] Yf \a] IYlmj( \Yjmfl]j <ZoYkk]jYZd]almf_

Umk|lrda[‘ oaj\ Ym[‘ \a] Kjg\mclanal|l YZkgdml mf\ Ydk Q]j|f\]jmf_ Z]j][‘f]l* Qgj Ydd]e \a]k]YZ_]d]al]l]f Df\acYlgj]f RYkk]jhjg\mclanal|l $=jmllgafdYf\khjg\mcl af @mjg+]af_]k]lrl]k RYkk]jaf FmZace]l]j% mf\ <ZoYkk]jhjg\mclanal|l $=jmllgafdYf\khjg\mcl af @mjg+]af_]d]al]l]k <ZoYkk]jaf FmZace]l]j% c}ff]f <mkcmf^l \Yj~Z]j _]Z]f( gZ Zro* afoa]o]al ]af] fY[‘‘Ydla_] meo]dl_])j][‘l] @floa[cdmf_ af \]j RYkk]joajlk[‘Y^l af BYf_ _]cgee]f akl*

R|‘j]f\ \Yk QBM)Fgfr]hl $ngdckoajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] B]kYelj][‘fmf_% \a] b]o]ada_]f Rajlk[‘Y^lk]af)‘]al]f fY[‘ a‘j]j B]Za]lkYfk|kka_c]al $r* =* Aaje]fkalr% rmgj\f]l( oaj\ Z]ae O]jjalgjaYdcgfr]hl n]j)km[‘l( \a] b]o]ada_]f <clanal|l]f rmrmgj\f]f* ?Yeal akl \Yk O]jjalgjaYdcgfr]hl o]k]flda[‘ _]fYm]j(YZ]j Ym[‘ o]k]flda[‘ Ym^o|f\a_]j mf\ \Yeal cgkl]fafl]fkan]j* A~j \a] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] Z])k[‘j|fc]f ka[‘ \a] ka_fa^acYfl]f Pfl]jk[‘a]\] Z]a\]j Q]j^Y‘j]f Ym^ \]f =]j]a[‘ \]j RYkk]jn]jkgj)_mf_* <m^_jmf\ \]k =]rm_k rm \]f Yf\]j]f Bj}{]f \]j QBM omj\] \Y‘]j \Yk QBM)Fgfr]hl n]j)o]f\]l*

GOPSZZS <<&.%) _aZl ]af] zZ]jka[‘l ~Z]j \a] RYkk]j^dmkkj][‘fmf_]f fY[‘ \]e QBM)Fgfr]hl ^~j \a]AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]*

GOP& <<&.%)

Wasserfluss zwischen der Natur und der Wirtschaft sowie innerhalb der Wirtschaft in den Flussgebietseinheiten 2001nach dem VGR-Konzept (Aktivitäten gebietsansässiger Einheiten)

Millionen m³

Wasserentnahme aus der Natur Abwasserdavon davon

Wirtschaftsbereichenach WZ 93 insge-

samtGrund-,

Oberflächen-wasser etc.

Fremd- u.Nieder-

schlagsw.

+ Bezüge- Abgaben

vonungenutztemW. an Dritte

= Wasser-einsatz 1)

+ Was-ser-

ausbau- Wasser-

einbau

+ Abwasser-zuleitungen- Abwasser-ableitungenan andere

Betr.

= Wasser-abgabean dieNatur

insge-samt direkt

eingeleitetindirekt 2)

eingeleitet

Fremd-und

Nieder-schlags-wasser

3)

Verlustebei der

Wasser-verteilung

Verduns-tungund

sonstigeVerluste

Warnow/Peene

Land- u. Forstw.; Fischerei 3,7 3,7 - 3,2 6,9 - 6,0 - 0,9 0,3 0,3 0,0 - - 0,6Bergbau, Verarb. Gewerbe 9,0 9,0 - 4,9 13,9 - 0,8 0,0 13,1 11,0 7,0 4,1 - - 2,1Baugewerbe - - - 0,9 0,9 - - 0,9 0,8 - 0,8 - - 0,0Energieversorgung . . - . 7,0 - - 0,0 7,0 4,0 4,0 0,0 - - 3,0Wasserversorgung 4) 64,4 64,4 - - 55,6 8,8 - - 8,8 1,2 - 1,2 - 7,6 -Abwasserbeseitigung 24,3 - 24,3 - 24,3 - - 24,3 - 49,8 - 49,8 24,3 - -Dienstleistungsbereiche 5) . . - . 8,7 - - 0,0 8,7 8,3 - 8,3 - - 0,3Private Haushalte 0,1 0,1 - 39,4 39,5 2,2 - 41,6 40,1 5,7 34,4 - - 1,6

Insgesamt 108,3 84,0 24,3 1,6 109,9 - 4,6 - 105,3 65,8 66,7 - 0,9 24,3 7,6 7,5_____1) einschließlich des ungenutzt abgeleiteten Wassers

2) Abgabe an die Abwasserbeseitigung

3) Fremd- und Niederschlagswasser, das in der Kanalisation gesammelt und in den Kläranlagen gereinigt wurde

4) Die regionale Zuordnung erfolgte nach dem Standort des Wasserversorgungsunternehmens.

5) ohne Abwasserbeseitigung

70

<<&.&)&* JOaaS‘S\b\OV[S\ Tr‘ RWS qTTS\bZWQVS JOaaS‘dS‘a]‘Uc\U

Hal \]j RYkk]j^dmkkj][‘fmf_ \]k GYf\]kYel]k ^~j aff]j] Q]joYdlmf_ H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf(<el ^~j NlYlaklac da]_l ]af] fY[‘ CYmhlk]clgj]f mfl]j_da]\]jl] klYlaklak[‘] Bjmf\dY_] ^~j \a] RYk)k]j]flfY‘e]f ngj $?Yl]fklYf\ .,,-%*

?YfY[‘ o]j\]f rmj }^^]flda[‘]f RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al b|‘jda[‘ [Y* 21 Haddag)f]f FmZace]l]j RYkk]j Ymk jmf\ 0,, B]oaffmf_kYfdY_]f ]flfgee]f* Ca]jngf o]j\]f ]loY 12Haddagf]f* FmZace]l]j Yf ?jall] YZ_]_]Z]f( \Yjmfl]j ]loY 0, Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j Yf hjanYl]CYmk‘Ydl] mf\ 5 Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j Yf ?a]fkld]aklmf_kZ]j]a[‘]*

?]j <fk[‘dmkk_jY\ Yf \a] }^^]flda[‘] OjafcoYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ ae B]Za]l \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]alda]_l Z]a 55(3 "* Qgf -*-/3*1-4 @afog‘f]jf kaf\ [Y* -*-/0*,,, Yf \a] OjafcoYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ Yf_])k[‘dgkk]f $.,,3%*

R]al]j‘af ^af\]l \Yk ]flfgee]f] RYkk]j Ydk F~‘doYkk]j Z]a \]j @f]j_a]]jr]m_mf_( Z]a \]j Kjg)\mclagf af \]j Df\mklja] mf\ \]j ~Zja_]f _]o]jZda[‘]f Rajlk[‘Y^l kgoa] af \]j GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l Q]j)o]f\mf_*

<<&.&)&+ mTTS\bZWQVS 4PeOaaS‘SW\ZSWbc\U

IY[‘ <f_YZ]f \]j ‘a]j ]Z]f^Yddk rm_jmf\] da]_]f\]f RYkk]j^dmkkj][‘fmf_ o]j\]f afk_]kYeljmf\ 30 Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j <ZoYkk]j af }^^]flda[‘]f Fd|jYfdY_]f Z]‘Yf\]dl( \Yngf jmf\ 1, Had)dagf]f FmZace]l]j N[‘emlroYkk]j mf\ .1 Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j Aj]e\) mf\ Ia]\]jk[‘dY_koYkk]j*?a] ?aj]cl]afd]almf_ af \a] Qgj^dml]j Ymk hjanYl]f CYmk‘Ydl]f dY_ Z]a [Y* 2 Haddagf]f FmZace]l]jf*

?]j <fk[‘dmkk_jY\ Yf \a] }^^]flda[‘] <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ $Fd|jYfdY_]f% da]_l Z]a ]loY 41 "* =akrme EY‘j .,-/ kgdd \]j <fk[‘dmkk_jY\ Yf \a] }^^]flda[‘] <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ Ym^ 45 " ae GYf\]k)\mj[‘k[‘fall Yfkl]a_]f*

<<&.&)&, JW‘baQVOTbZWQVS 5SRScbc\U a]\abWUS‘ Acbhc\US\

?O\ReW‘baQVOTb

?a] \aj]cl]f RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f \mj[‘ \a] GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l dY_]f .,,- Z]a /(3 Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j(\Yk ]flkhja[‘l dYml RYkk]j^dmkkj][‘fmf_ /(0 " \]j _]kYel]f RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f $g‘f] Aj]e\) mf\Ia]\]jk[‘dY_koYkk]j%* ?Yeal da]_l \a]k] Imlrmf_ af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al o]al ~Z]j \]e \]ml)k[‘]f ?mj[‘k[‘fall ngf [Y* -(- "* =]\]mlmf_ ‘YZ]f \a] RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f afkZ]kgf\]j] ^~j =])o|kk]jmf_k)+=]j]_fmf_kro][c]* ?a] ]flfgee]f]f H]f_]f kaf\ af <Z‘|f_a_c]al ngf \]f Rall])jmf_kZ]\af_mf_]f mf\ \]f dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f <fZYmkljmclmj]f ]j‘]Zda[‘]f N[‘oYfcmf_]fmfl]jogj^]f*

5S‘UPOc c\R IS‘O‘PSWbS\RSa :SeS‘PS

?]j RYkk]j]afkYlr af \a]k]e =]j]a[‘ dY_ af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al fY[‘ \]f <f_YZ]f \]j RYkk]j)^dmkkj][‘fmf_ Z]a afk_]kYel -/(5 Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j( \Yjmfl]j 0(5 Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j Ymk \]j}^^]flda[‘]f RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ mf\ 5(, Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j Ymk ]a_]f]f RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f* =]azZ]jljY_mf_ \]k Q]j‘|dlfakk]k =]j_ZYm rm Q]jYjZ]al]f\]e B]o]jZ] ngf H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf afk_]kYel Ym^ \a] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ]fl^Ydd]f Ym^ \]f =]j_ZYm ]loY /, " \]k RYk)k]j]afkYlr]k $fY‘]rm Ymkk[‘da]{da[‘ Ymk @a_]f_]oaffmf_%*

71

8\S‘UWSdS‘a]‘Uc\U

?a] @f]j_a]n]jkgj_mf_ akl eal afk_]kYel 3(, Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j RYkk]j]afkYlr n]jlj]l]f* ?Yjmf)l]j ]flklYee]f Ydd]j\af_k fmj ,(/ Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j $]loY 0 "% \]j }^^]flda[‘]f RYkk]jn]jkgj)_mf_( o|‘j]f\ \]j o]al ~Z]joa]_]f\] O]ad $ngj Ydd]e RYkk]j ^~j F~‘dro][c]% Ymk ]a_]f]f RYk)k]j]flfY‘e]f _]ogff]f omj\]* ?a] @floa[cdmf_ \]j RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f ^~j \a] @f]j_a]n]jkgj)_mf_ akl kgeal ]flk[‘]a\]f\ ngf \]e =]klYf\ Yf FjY^lo]jc]f YZ‘|f_a_*

@O‘WbW[S JW‘baQVOTb

?a] eYjalae] Rajlk[‘Y^l akl af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf ]af =]j]a[‘( \]j \a] _]kYeloajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]@floa[cdmf_ eY{_]Zda[‘ Z]klaeel* I]Z]f \]e N[‘a^^ZYm mf\ \]kk]f Umda]^]jaf\mklja]f me^Ykkl ]jrY‘dj]a[‘] ?a]fkld]aklmf_]f( N[‘a^^^Y‘jl( CY^]foajlk[‘Y^l( Aak[‘]j]a mf\ Df^jYkljmclmjZ]j]a[‘]* DeFgfl]pl eal \]j RYkk]jfmlrmf_ kaf\ ‘a]j kh]ra]dd \a] CY^]fklYf\gjl] ^~j \a] N]]k[‘a^^^Y‘jl ngf=]\]mlmf_( mfl]j \]f]f Mgklg[c mf\ RakeYj af \]f d]lrl]f EY‘j]f ]af] \qfYeak[‘] @floa[cdmf_n]jr]a[‘f]f( o|‘j]f\ Yf\]j] C|^]f klY_fa]jl]f $NY{falr( NljYdkmf\% mf\ afkZ]kgf\]j] cd]af]j]C|^]f ]af]f j~[cd|m^a_]f B~l]jmek[‘dY_] Ym^o]ak]f* Dfk_]kYel akl \]j B~l]jmek[‘dY_ ngf [Y*.1(1 Haddagf]f Ogff]f $.,,.% Ym^ .4 Haddagf]f Ogff]f $.,,3% _]kla]_]f( ogZ]a Mgklg[c \Yk _j}{l]RY[‘klme Ym^oa]k* De KYkkY_a]jn]jc]‘j kaf\ afkZ]kgf\]j] Mgklg[c mf\ NY{falr ngf =]\]mlmf_*

<<&.&*& 5OaSZW\S%FhS\O‘W]

<<&.&*&) I]‘PS[S‘Yc\US\

A~j \a] e]akl]f RYkk]jfmlrmf_]f akl ]af] cgfcj]l] Kjg_fgk] \]k @floa[cdmf_klj]f\k cYme e}_)da[‘( \Y ‘afj]a[‘]f\ Z]dYklZYj] ?Yl]f fa[‘l rmj Q]j^~_mf_ kl]‘]f* <m[‘ fYl~jda[‘] mf\ oajlk[‘Y^l)da[‘] MY‘e]fZ]\af_mf_]f kaf\ ]j‘]Zda[‘]f Pfka[‘]j‘]al]f mfl]jogj^]f* Ng akl ]loY \]j U]al‘gja)rgfl ngf Kjg_fgk]eg\]dd]f rmj FdaeYeg\]dda]jmf_ af \]j M]_]d Z]a .,1, g\]j .-,, Yf_]ka]\]dl(o]k‘YdZ ka_fa^acYfl] Q]j|f\]jmf_]f ae U]al‘gjargfl \]k =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfk cYme rm n]jgjl]fkaf\* @Z]fkg kaf\ Qgj‘]jkY_]f ngf oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f @floa[cdmf_]f _]jY\] af ]af]e j]dYlan cd]af]fGYf\ oa] H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf eal ]j‘]Zda[‘]f Pfka[‘]j‘]al]f n]jcf~h^l( \Y r* =* k[‘gf \a]DfZ]lja]ZfY‘e] ]af]k ]afr]df]f _jg{]f Pfl]jf]‘e]fk ]af ka_fa^acYfl]k RY[‘klme \]k =DK Ymk)eY[‘]f mf\ \a] RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f af k]‘j ]j‘]Zda[‘]e HY{] Z]]af^dmkk]f cYff*

Bd]a[‘og‘d kgdd]f fY[‘^gd_]f\ Ym[‘ mfl]j \]f _]_]Z]f]f Pfka[‘]j‘]al]f <mkkY_]f _]ljg^^]fo]j\]f( o]d[‘] @floa[cdmf_klj]f\k \Yk B]Za]l \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] Zak rme @f\] \]k KdY)fmf_kr]aljYmek mf\ __ *̂ \Yj~Z]j ‘afYmk Z]]af^dmkk]f c}ff]f* Umk|lrda[‘ o]j\]f \a] _]ljg^^]f]fBjmf\YffY‘e]f ae Naff] ngf AYclgj]f nYjaa]jl( \a] rm ]af]e kl]a_]f\]f $QYjaYfl] -% Z]ra])‘mf_ko]ak] kafc]f\]f $QYjaYfl] .% RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ ̂ ~‘j]f*

<<&.&*&* 8\beWQYZc\U RSa JOaaS‘RO‘USP]ba

?mj[‘ =mf\ mf\ GYf\ omj\]f af b~f_kl]j Q]j_Yf_]f‘]al Agjk[‘mf_kYjZ]al]f rme FdaeYoYf\]dYf_]klg{]f( \a] ka[‘ Ym[‘ eal \]j oYkk]joajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f Fgehgf]fl] Z]^Ykk]f* ?YjYmk dYkk]fka[‘ ^gd_]f\] <mkkY_]f Ym^ \Yk B]Za]l \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ~Z]jljY_]f6

· A~j \a] @floa[cdmf_ \]j Ia]\]jk[‘dY_ke]f_]f o]j\]f Ym[‘ dYf_^jakla_ fmj j]dYlan eg\]jY)l] xf\]jmf_]f ]joYjl]l $)-1 Zak ’-, "% Z]a b]\g[‘ bY‘j]kr]alda[‘ mf\ j]_agfYd _jg{]f Pf)l]jk[‘a]\]f $UmfY‘e] \]j Rafl]jfa]\]jk[‘d|_]( Z]kgf\]jk af O]ad]f Qgjhgee]jfk j~[c)d|m^a_] Ngee]jfa]\]jk[‘d|_]%*

72

· ?a] Ia]\]jk[‘dY_ke]f_] \]j K]jag\] .,,- Zak .,1, da]_l me / Zak 2 " mfl]j b]f]j \]j K]ja)g\] -51- Zak .,,/* A~j \a] Q]j\mfklmf_ oaj\ ae _d]a[‘]f U]aljYme ]af] me 3 Zak -- " _])jaf_]j] EY‘j]kkmee] ]joYjl]l* $n_d* m* Y* Ha]_]d ]l Yd* .,,3( RH H)Q $Cjk_*% .,,4%*

A~j \a] K]jkh]clan] Zak .,-1+.,., \~j^l]f \a] xf\]jmf_]f eal‘af kg _]jaf_ Ymk^Ydd]f( \Ykk ae =Y)k]daf])Nr]fYjag ngf ]af]e ]loY _d]a[‘ Zd]aZ]f\]f RYkk]j\Yj_]Zgl Ymk_]_Yf_]f o]j\]f cYff*?a] b|‘jda[‘] RYkk]j]flfY‘e] ae Q]j‘|dlfak rme RYkk]j\Yj_]Zgl( \a] kg _]fYffl] RYkk]jfml)rmf_kafl]fkal|l( da]_l af ?]mlk[‘dYf\ Z]a ./ "*

<<&.&*&+ mTTS\bZWQVS JOaaS‘dS‘a]‘Uc\U

?a] @floa[cdmf_ \]j }^^]flda[‘]f RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ oaj\ ngj Ydd]e \mj[‘ \a] =]n}dc]jmf_k]fl)oa[cdmf_( YZ]j Ym[‘ \mj[‘ \a] @floa[cdmf_ \]j _]o]jZda[‘]f Rajlk[‘Y^l $kgo]al \a]k] fa[‘l Ym^]a_]f] RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f rmj~[c_j]a^l%( Z]]af^dmkkl $n_d* \Yrm Ym[‘ DD*2*.*1%* A~j \a] =]ljY[‘lmf_\]j <Z‘|f_a_c]al]f ngf \]j =]n}dc]jmf_k]floa[cdmf_ kaf\ \j]a Fgehgf]fl]f Ymkk[‘dY__]Z]f\6

· ?]j .,-1 ]jj]a[‘l] <fk[‘dmkk_jY\ Yf \a] }^^]flda[‘] OjafcoYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_7 ‘a]j oaj\ Yf)_]fgee]f( \Ykk \]j af \]j <fYdqk] fY[‘ <jl* 1 @B)RMMG Yf_]_]Z]f] R]jl ngf 55(3" cgf)klYfl Zd]aZl*

· ?a] .,-1 Yf \a] OjafcoYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ Yf_]k[‘dgkk]f] @afog‘f]jYfrY‘d*

· ?]j \mj[‘k[‘fallda[‘] ]afog‘f]jkh]ra^ak[‘] OjafcoYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ ae EY‘j .,-1 kgog‘d \]jhjanYl]f CYmk‘Ydl] Ydk Ym[‘ \]j _]o]jZda[‘]f Rajlk[‘Y^l $g‘f] @a_]f]flfY‘e]f%

A~j \a] Kjg_fgk] \]j =]n}dc]jmf_k]floa[cdmf_ cgffl]f Yclm]dd] Kjg_fgk]f Ym^ GYf\]k) Zro*Fj]ak]Z]f] _]fmlrl o]j\]f* @k cYff \Yngf Ymk_]_Yf_]f o]j\]f( \Ykk k[‘gf o]_]f \]k @afog‘)f]jYfl]adk \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al $[Y* ro]a ?jall]d \]j @afog‘f]j ngf H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jfafk_]kYel% dYf\]ko]al] @floa[cdmf_]f ~Z]jljY_]f o]j\]f c}ff]f*

IY[‘ \]j b~f_kl]f Kjg_fgk] ]floa[c]dl ka[‘ \a] =]n}dc]jmf_ ae KdYfmf_kr]aljYme mf\ \]j Yf)k[‘da]{]f\]f K]jag\] Zak .,., oa] ^gd_l6

GOP& <<&.%*6 C\YRXY]^TdTP\^P 5P‘kVUP\_XR]PX^aTNUV_XR TX @PNUVPXM_\R%IY\ZYWWP\X "D_PVVP 4W^ Ql\ F^L^T]^TU @%I#

Dkl .,,2 .,-, .,-1 .,., $.,/,%

=]n}dc]jmf_( _]kYel -*25/*310 -*2/0*015 -*13,*22- -*10,*-41 $-*01-*443%

?YZ]a lj]l]f j]_agfYd ]j‘]Zda[‘] ?a^^]j]fra]jmf_]f Ym^* ?a] _j}{l]f =]n}dc]jmf_kn]jdmkl] o]j\]f\a] r]fljmek) mf\ c~kl]f^]jf]f M|me] rm n]jr]a[‘f]f ‘YZ]f( o|‘j]f\ ^~j Bj]a^koYd\ mf\ Mgk)lg[c kg_Yj ]af =]n}dc]jmf_krmoY[‘k $Zak .,/,% hjg_fgklara]jl oaj\* Raj\ \Yngf Ymk_]_Yf_]f( \Ykk\Yk B]Za]l \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al Zak .,-1 ]af] YfYdg_] @floa[cdmf_ oa] afk_]kYel af H][cd]f)Zmj_)Qgjhgee]jf Ym^o]akl( ]j_aZl ka[‘ ^gd_]f\] @floa[cdmf_6

GOP& <<&.%+6 IY\L_]]TNS^VTNSP 8X^aTNUV_XR OP\ 5P‘kVUP\_XR TX OP\ 9:8 JL\XYa’CPPXP

Dkl .,,2 .,-1

=]n}dc]jmf_(AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]

-*-/3*1-4 -*,10*405

?]j OjafcoYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf _]‘}jl eal \mj[‘k[‘fallda[‘ -,. d+@R&\ rm\]f fa]\ja_kl]f af ?]mlk[‘dYf\ $?mj[‘k[‘fall -.2 d+@R&\7 n_d* <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ .,,4%* A]jf]jakl rm Z]Y[‘l]f( \Ykk ka[‘ Ym^_jmf\ \]j kgrag}cgfgeak[‘]f @floa[cdmf_ \a] UY‘d cd]af]j CYmk‘Ydl]]j‘}‘l mf\ \a] UY‘d \]j AYeada]f‘Ymk‘Ydl] $: . K]jkgf]f% kafcl*

73

Pfl]j Ydd \a]k]f Kj|eakk]f akl eal ]af]e ]loY _d]a[‘ Zd]aZ]f\]f kh]ra^ak[‘]f RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ YdkoY‘jk[‘]afda[‘kl]j QYjaYfl] rm j][‘f]f*( \Y ka[‘ k]fc]f\] mf\ ]j‘}‘]f\] AYclgj]f o][‘k]dk]ala_cgeh]fka]j]f c}ffl]f* Df \]j Nmee] Z]\]ml]l \Yk Ym^ =Ykak \]j =]n}dc]jmf_k]floa[cdmf_ ]af]fM~[c_Yf_ \]j RYkk]jYZ_YZ] Yf KjanYl‘Ymk‘Ydl] mf\ _]o]jZda[‘] Fd]afYZf]‘e]j ngf [Y* 3 "*

=]a \]j Kjg_fgk] ^~j \]f ?a]fkld]aklmf_kZ]j]a[‘ akl rm Z]j~[cka[‘la_]f( \Ykk H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf ]af Z]\]ml]f\]k OgmjakemkdYf\ eal ~Z]joa]_]f\ mf_]Zjg[‘]f]j \qfYeak[‘]j @fl)oa[cdmf_ akl( kg \Ykk Ymk \a]k]e =]j]a[‘ eal ]af]e ]‘]j kl]a_]f\]f RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ rm j][‘f]fakl*

?YjYmk ]j_aZl ka[‘ ^gd_]f\] e}_da[‘] @floa[cdmf_6

GOP& <<&.%,6 8X^aTNUV_XR OP] JL]]P\M\L_NS] TX OP\ 9:8 JL\XYa’CPPXP ":\_XOLXXLSWP#

RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ $af Haddagf]f ev% .,,- .,,3 .,-1hjanYl] CYmk‘Ydl] /5(1 /3(2 /1(,?a]fkld]aklmf_]f $]afk[‘d* Ogmjakemk% 4(2 4(5 5(2

Q]j|f\]jmf_]f af \]f <ffY‘e]f \]k =Yk]daf])Nr]fYjagk kaf\ rme ]af]f af Ma[‘lmf_ Ym^ ]af] <f)f|‘]jmf_ Yf \]f \mj[‘k[‘fallda[‘]f RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ \]j hjanYl]f CYmk‘Ydl] e}_da[‘7 \Y^~jkhja[‘l ]af] rmf]‘e]f\] UY‘d hjanYl]j CYmk‘Ydl] mf\ \a] O]f\]fr rmj Q]jkl|\l]jmf_7 _]_]foaj)c]f\ kaf\ Q]jZjYm[‘k_]og‘f‘]al]f mf\ \a] ‘g‘]f RYkk]jhj]ak]* @af] Nl]a_]jmf_ \~j^l] eal‘afeg\]jYl Ymk^Ydd]f $Ym^ ]loY -,4 d+@R&Y%* BjYna]j]f\]j kaf\ e}_da[‘] @^^]cl] Ymk ]af]j n]jkl|jcl]f@floa[cdmf_ ngf Ogmjakemkk]_e]fl]f eal ]af]j oYkk]jafl]fkan]f lgmjaklak[‘]f Df^jYkljmclmj $C]ad)mf\ =|\]jlgmjakemk( BYfrbY‘j]khjg_jYee]%* <m[‘ Ymk \]j xf\]jmf_ ngf M]ak]_]og‘f‘]al]fc}ff]f Um_]oaff] j]kmdla]j]f* Pfl]j \a]k]f <ffY‘e]f o]j\]f b|‘jda[‘] @j‘}‘mf_]f \]k RYk)k]jn]jZjYm[‘k af \a]k]e =]j]a[‘ Zak rm /" ^~j e}_da[‘ _]‘Ydl]f* ?Yeal ]j_aZl ka[‘ ^gd_]f\] o]al])j] @floa[cdmf_ke}_da[‘c]al6

GOP& <<&.%-6 8X^aTNUV_XR OP] JL]]P\M\L_NS] TX OP\ 9:8 JL\XYa’CPPXP "IL\TLX^P )#

RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ $af Haddagf]f ev% .,,- .,,3 .,-1hjanYl] CYmk‘Ydl] /5(1 /3(2 /2(0?a]fkld]aklmf_]f $]afk[‘d* Ogmjakemk% 4(2 4(5 --(/

A~j QYjaYfl] . oaj\ ]af _d]a[‘ Zd]aZ]f\]j kh]ra^ak[‘]j RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ Z]a hjanYl]f CYmk‘Ydl]fmf\ ?a]fkld]aklmf_]f mfl]jkl]ddl* Df \a]k]e AYdd oajcl ka[‘ Ymkk[‘da]{da[‘ \]j =]n}dc]jmf_kj~[c_Yf_Ymk*

<<&.&*&, mTTS\bZWQVS 4PeOaaS‘PSaSWbWUc\U

?a] @floa[cdmf_ \]j }^^]flda[‘]f <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ oaj\ ]Z]f^Yddk af ]jkl]j Gafa] \mj[‘ \a] =])n}dc]jmf_k]floa[cdmf_ mf\ \a] _]o]jZda[‘] Rajlk[‘Y^l $kgo]al \a]k] fa[‘l ~Z]j ]a_]f] Fd|jYfdY)_]f n]j^~_l% \geafa]jl $n_d* \Yrm Ym[‘ DD*2*.*1%*

A~j \a] =]ljY[‘lmf_ \]j <Z‘|f_a_c]al]f ngf \]j =]n}dc]jmf_k]floa[cdmf_ kaf\ \j]a Fgehgf]f)l]f Ymkk[‘dY__]Z]f\6

· ?]j .,-1 ]jj]a[‘l] <fk[‘dmkk_jY\ Yf \a] }^^]flda[‘] <ZoYkk]j]flkgj_mf_*

· ?a] .,-1 Yf \a] }^^]flda[‘] <ZoYkk]j]flkgj_mf_ Yf_]k[‘dgkk]f] @afog‘f]jrY‘d*

· ?]j \mj[‘k[‘fallda[‘] ]afog‘f]jkh]ra^ak[‘] N[‘emlroYkk]jYf^Ydd \]j hjanYl]f CYmk‘Ydl]mf\ \]j _]o]jZda[‘]f Rajlk[‘Y^l $kgo]al \a]k] \a] }^^]flda[‘] <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ fmlrl%rme EY‘j .,-1*

74

?Yj~Z]j ‘afYmk kaf\ o]al]j] Fgehgf]fl]f ^~j \a] @floa[cdmf_ \]j }^^]flda[‘]f <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala)_mf_ j]d]nYfl6

· ?]j <f^Ydd ngf Aj]e\oYkk]j mf\ Ia]\]jk[‘dY_koYkk]j*

· ?a] ]af_]d]al]l]f N[‘emlr^jY[‘l]f*

A~j \a] Kjg_fgk] \]j =]n}dc]jmf_k]floa[cdmf_ _]dl]f \a] gZ]f _]eY[‘l]f <mk^~‘jmf_]f( ]Z]fkgrmj @floa[cdmf_ ngf UY‘d mf\ Bj}{] \]j hjanYl]f CYmk‘Ydl]*

A~j \a] @floa[cdmf_ \]k <fk[‘dmkk_jY\]k oaj\ ]af <fkla]_ Ym^ [Y* 45 " Zak .,-/ ]joYjl]l $<ZoYk)k]jZ]k]ala_mf_ .,,4%( ^~j \Yk B]Za]l \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al oaj\ ]af] YfYdg_] @floa[cdmf_ Yf_])fgee]f* ?YfY[‘ o]j\]f c]af] o]k]flda[‘]f Nl]a_]jmf_]f \]k <fk[‘dmkk_jY\]k []l]jak hYjaZmk]joYjl]l*

?mj[‘ \a] @j‘}‘mf_ \]k <fk[‘dmkk_jY\]k oaj\ \]j \mj[‘ \]f =]n}dc]jmf_kn]jdmkl ‘]jngj_]jm^]f]@^^]cl l]ado]ak] cgeh]fka]jl( \a] Yf_]k[‘dgkk]f] @afog‘f]jrY‘d ae B]Za]l \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al]floa[c]dl ngf [Y* 523*,,, Ym^ [Y* 50,*,,, fmj d]a[‘l j~[cd|m^a_* <m^ Bjmf\ \]k ‘}‘]j]f <fk[‘dmkk)_jY\]k mf\ ]af]j o]al]j n]jZ]kk]jl]f M]afa_mf_kd]aklmf_ \]j Fd|jYfdY_]f kgoa] \]f o]al]j]f <mk)ZYm Zro* \a] NYfa]jmf_ \]k FYfYdf]lr]k akl \Yngf Ymkrm_]‘]f( \Ykk ]af] M]\mra]jmf_ \]j ]af_]d]a)l]l]f N[‘emlr^jY[‘l]f ]j^gd_l* DfkZ]kgf\]j] kafcl Ym[‘ \a] ?aj]cl]afd]almf_ Ymk hjanYl]f CYmk‘Yd)l]f*

A~j \]f Fmj) mf\ =|\]jlgmjakemk Ydk oYkk]jafl]fkan]f Uo]a_ \]j Ogmjakemkoajlk[‘Y^l oaj\ ]afo]al]j]j <fkla]_ ^~j e}_da[‘ _]‘Ydl]f $n_d* GYf\]klgmjakemkcgfr]hl%* ?Yeal ]j‘}‘l ka[‘ YZ]j Ym[‘\]j \YjYmk j]kmdla]j]f\] <f^Ydd ngf N[‘emlroYkk]j*

?a]k] <ffY‘e]f dYkk]f ka[‘ \mj[‘ \a] ngj_]k]‘]f]f Dfn]klalagf]f af \a] }^^]flda[‘] <ZoYkk]jZ])k]ala_mf_ mfl]jd]_]f* Df \]j A}j\]jh]jag\] .,,3 Zak .,-/ kaf\ ^gd_]f\] Qgj‘YZ]f ngj_]k]‘]f$<f_YZ]f ^~j H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf afk_]kYel7 @KGM .,,3( JK @AM@ .,,3( <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala)_mf_ .,,4%6

GOP& <<&.%.6 IY\SLMPX OP\ 4MaL]]P\PX^]Y\R_XR TX @PNUVPXM_\R%IY\ZYWWP\X *((/ % *()+

Qgj‘YZ]fkrY‘d Dfn]klalagfkngdme]f

=Ym r]fljYd]j <ZoYkk]jYfdY_]f ae d|f\da[‘]f MYme .1, -0, Haddagf]f ¥

r]fljYd] <ZoYkk]jYfdY_]f af B]e]af\]f eal e]‘j Ydk1*,,, @afog‘f]jf

[Y* -,, 0, Haddagf]f ¥

Dfk_]kYel kgdd]f 33, ce FYfYdf]lr] kYfa]jl Zro* f]m _]ZYml o]j\]f*

<mk \]f ngj_]kl]ddl]f zZ]jd]_mf_]f dYkk]f ka[‘ ^gd_]f\] @floa[cdmf_]f Ydk \a] oY‘jk[‘]afda[‘k)l]f YZd]al]f6

GOP& <<&.%/6 8X^aTNUV_XR OP] 4MaL]]P\LXQLVV] TX OP\ 9:8 JL\XYa’CPPXP ":\_XOLXXLSWP#

<ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ $af Haddagf]f ev% .,,- .,,3 .,-1hjanYl] CYmk‘Ydl] $@afd]almf_ af }^^]flda[‘] <fdY)_]f%

/0(0 /2(2 /3(,

hjanYl] CYmk‘Ydl] $?aj]cl]afd]al]j% 1(3 0(- .(4?a]fkld]aklmf_]f $]afk[‘d* Ogmjakemk% 4(2 4(5 5(2

UmkYee]f_]fgee]f oaj\ ]af] eg\]jYl _]jaf_]j] N[‘emlroYkk]je]f_] ]joYjl]l( \a] \]j }^)^]flda[‘]f <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ rm_]d]al]l oaj\*

75

@af oY[‘k]f\]j N[‘emlroYkk]jYf^Ydd $QYjaYfl] -% kgddl] Ymk \]fk]dZ]f Bj~f\]f oa] g* Y* ae =])j]a[‘ \]j hjanYl]f CYmk‘Ydl] Ydd]f^Yddk eg\]jYl e}_da[‘ k]af( o|‘j]f\ ae ?a]fkld]aklmf_kZ]j]a[‘_j}{]j] Nl]a_]jmf_]f \]fcZYj kaf\* ?a] C}‘] \]j ?aj]cl]afd]almf_]f Zd]aZl af Z]a\]f QYjaYfl]f_d]a[‘* ?Yeal ]j_aZl ka[‘ ^gd_]f\] QYjaYfl] -6

GOP& <<&.%06 8X^aTNUV_XR OP] 4MaL]]P\LXQLVV] TX OP\ 9:8 JL\XYa’CPPXP "IL\TLX^P )#

<ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ $af Haddagf]f ev% .,,- .,,3 .,-1hjanYl] CYmk‘Ydl] $@afd]almf_ af }^^]flda[‘] <fdY)_]f%

/0(0 /2(2 /4(-

hjanYl] CYmk‘Ydl] $?aj]cl]afd]al]j% 1(3 0(- .(4?a]fkld]aklmf_]f $]afk[‘d* Ogmjakemk% 4(2 4(5 --(/

A~j QYjaYfl] . oaj\ ]af _d]a[‘ Zd]aZ]f\]j kh]ra^ak[‘]j RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ Z]a hjanYl]f CYmk‘Ydl]fmf\ ?a]fkld]aklmf_]f mfl]jkl]ddl* Df \a]k]e AYdd oajcl ka[‘ Ymkk[‘da]{da[‘ \]j =]n}dc]jmf_kj~[c_Yf_Ymk*

<<&.&*&- 8\beWQYZc\Ua^‘]U\]aS Tr‘ eSWbS‘S JOaaS‘\cbhc\US\

?O\ReW‘baQVOTb

@af] Kjg_fgk] \]j RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f akl af k]‘j klYjc]e HY{] ngf \]f <ffY‘e]f rmj @floa[c)dmf_ \]j <fZYmkljmclmj]f af \]j GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l YZ‘|f_a_* ?a]k] oa]\]jme o]j\]f _jg{j|mea_o]k]flda[‘ ngf \]j :PWPTX]LWPX 4R\L\ZYVT^TU \]j @P Z]]af^dmkkl* @Z]fkg ‘Yl \a] @floa[cdmf_ \]jIa]\]jk[‘d|_] @af^dmkk* <Z_]k]‘]f ngf \]f \Y\mj[‘ n]jmjkY[‘l]f b|‘jda[‘]f N[‘oYfcmf_]f oaj\o]_]f \]j ‘g‘]f Pfka[‘]j‘]al]f ae Qgj‘]jkY_]r]aljYme ]af] ]loY _d]a[‘ Zd]aZ]f\] RYkk]j]fl)fY‘e] Ydk oY‘jk[‘]afda[‘ Yf_]fgee]f $.,,36 [Y* 2(5 Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j%* ?]jr]al _aZl ]k c]af]<fr]a[‘]f ^~j ]af]f \]mlda[‘ ‘}‘]j]f =]o|kk]jmf_kZ]\Yj^ af \]j GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l* E]\g[‘ akl \a]k\mj[‘ c~f^la_] FdaeYn]j|f\]jmf_]f fa[‘l Ymk_]k[‘dgkk]f*

I]Z]f RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f ‘YZ]f afkZ]kgf\]j] \a] \a^^mk]f Nlg^^]aflj|_] ]af]f ]j‘]Zda[‘]f @af)^dmkk Ym^ \]f UmklYf\ \]j B]o|kk]j* Pfl]j Yf\]j]e \mj[‘ \]f M~[c_Yf_ \]j Qa]‘Z]kl|f\] fY[‘-55, mf\ \a] @af^~‘jmf_ \]j _ml]f ^Y[‘da[‘]f KjYpak kaf\ afkZ]kgf\]j] \a] \a^^mk]f @aflj|_] Z]aK‘gkh‘gj mf\ <eegfame rmj~[c_]_Yf_]f* A~j RYjfgo mf\ K]]f] Ydk CYmhl_]o|kk]j \]j Admkk)_]Za]lk]af‘]al o]j\]f ^gd_]f\] @floa[cdmf_]f Yf_]_]Z]f6

GOP& <<&.%16 @T^^VP\P :P]LW^%CSY]ZSY\% _XO :P]LW^%F^TNU]^YQQ%=LS\P]Q\LNS^PX ‘YX JL\XYa _XO CPPXP "D_PVVP 4MaL]%]P\MP]PT^TR_XR *((0$ ?H#

B]kYel)K‘gkh‘gj af l+Y B]kYel)Nla[cklg^^ af l+Y

-542)5, -55-)51 -552),, .,,-),1 -542)5, -55-)51 -552),, .,,-),1

K]]f] .42(, --.(1 3,(5 11(, /*-3- .*40- .*0-4 .*302

RYjfgo 5.(3 23(4 05(. 0-(, -*03- .*,13 -*1/3 -*143

@k _aZl c]af] <f‘Ydlkhmfcl] \Y^~j( \Ykk ka[‘ j~[cd|m^a_] O]f\]fr]f kgog‘d Z]ae @afkYlr ngf Haf])jYd\~f_]j Ydk Ym[‘ Z]a Rajlk[‘Y^lk\~f_]jf mec]‘j]f o]j\]f* Agd_]f\] AYclgj]f dYkk]f ]af] o]a)l]j j~[cd|m^a_] @floa[cdmf_ ]joYjl]f6

· \a] f]m] <_jYjhgdalac \]j @P $\a] @af‘Ydlmf_ ngf Peo]dlklYf\Yj\k Ydk QgjYmkk]lrmf_ ^~jUY‘dmf_ ngf NmZn]flagf]f( Pekl]ddmf_ ngf @jfl]Z]rm_ Ym^ Ad|[‘]fZ]rm_ Z]a \]j NmZn]f)lagfkZ]e]kkmf_%(

· n]jkl|jcl] A}j\]jmf_ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f GYf\ZYmk(

· Fgkl]f\jm[c Z]a \]f GYf\oajl]f(

76

· _]ra]dl]j] ?~f_]eall]d_YZ]f \mj[‘ eg\]jf]j] O][‘fac(

· n]jkl|jcl] Peo]dlYm^dY_]f ^~j \a] GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l*

5S‘UPOc c\R IS‘O‘PSWbS\RSa :SeS‘PS

?]j RYkk]j]afkYlr ae =]j_ZYm oaj\ fY‘]rm ngddkl|f\a_ \mj[‘ @a_]f_]oaffmf_ YZ_]\][cl mf\ dY_af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf .,,- Z]a 2*.01 Oev( .,,0 Z]a 1*/4, Oev $@a_]fn]jkgj_mf_k_jY\j][‘f]jak[‘ Z]a -,, "%* ?a]k]k Ymk RYkk]j‘]Zmf_]f klYee]f\] RYkk]j oaj\ ae M]_]d^Ydd mfeal)l]dZYj $mfZ]‘Yf\]dl% af JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j ]af_]d]al]l* @k ]jk[‘]afl afkg^]jf _]j][‘l^]jla_l( \a])k]f =]j]a[‘ Ymk \]f zZ]jd]_mf_]f \]k =Yk]daf])Nr]fYjagk YmkrmcdYee]jf( rmeYd ^~j \a]k]f hja)nYloajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f =]j]a[‘ Ym[‘ Fgkl]f\][cmf_ rm mfl]jkl]dd]f akl*

?Yk Q]jYjZ]al]f\] B]o]jZ] o]akl ¡ ]fl_]_]f \]e =mf\]klj]f\ ¡ roak[‘]f .,,- mf\ .,,0 afH][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf ]af]f kl]a_]f\]f RYkk]j]afkYlr Ym^ $.,,-6 -0*05. Oev7 .,,06 -1*-.3Oev%* @loY 24 " \]k RYkk]j]afkYlr]k cgfr]flja]j]f ka[‘ ae Uo]a_ @\XjS\_XR]RPaP\MP _XO GLMLU%‘P\L\MPT^_XR $.,,-6 5*,.4 Oev7 .,,06 5*/54 Oev%* <m^_jmf\ \]j j|meda[‘]f Q]jl]admf_ mf\ \]jUo]a_kljmclmj \]j Df\mklja] af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf kgddl]f \a]k] M]dYlagf]f Ym^ \a] AB@RYjfgo+K]]f] ~Z]jljY_]f o]j\]f c}ff]f* =]a \]j Imlrmf_ \geafa]j]f H]‘j^Y[‘fmlrmf_]f7 \]jImlrmf_k^Yclgj da]_l ae Q]jYjZ]al]f\]f B]o]jZ] afk_]kYel Z]a --(2 mf\ ae @jf|‘jmf_k_]o]jZ]Z]a /(1*

?]j kh]ra^ak[‘] RYkk]j]afkYlr dY_ .,,- Z]a 1(21 d+¥ =RN $=jmllgo]jlk[‘}h^mf_% mf\ n]jjaf_]jl]ka[‘ Zak .,,0 Ym^ 1(03 d+¥ =RN $rm cgfklYfl]f Kj]ak]f( Kj]akZYkak .,,,%* ?a] =jmllgo]jlk[‘}h^mf_ aeQ]jYjZ]al]f\]f B]o]jZ] k]dZkl kla]_ ngf .*121 Haddagf]f ¥ $.,,-% ~Z]j .*323 Haddagf]f ¥ $.,,0% Ym^/*333 Haddagf]f ¥ $.,,3%* ?a] _]kYeloajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] <jZ]alkhjg\mclanal|l $_]e]kk]f Ydk=RN+@jo]jZkl|la_]f @O mf\ rm b]o]ada_]f Kj]ak]f% kla]_ ngf //*131 ¥ $.,,-% ~Z]j /4*,/- ¥ $.,,0%Ym^ 05*/13 ¥ $.,,3%( \* ‘*( o|‘j]f\ \a] =jmllgo]jlk[‘}h^mf_ ae Q]jYjZ]al]f\]f B]o]jZ] b|‘jda[‘ae ?mj[‘k[‘fall me [Y* 1(2 " _]kla]_]f akl( om[‘k \a] <jZ]alkhjg\mclanal|l Yff|‘]jf\ kqf[‘jgfbY‘j]k\mj[‘k[‘fallda[‘ me 1(4 "* ?a] UY‘d \]j @jo]jZkl|la_]f ae Q]jYjZ]al]f\]f B]o]jZ] k]dZkl‘Yl ka[‘ ngf 32(0 Ok\* $.,,-% ~Z]j 3.(4 Ok\* $.,,0% Ym^ 32(2 Ok\* $.,,3% ]floa[c]dl ¡ k]al .,,1 $3.(,Ok\*% ‘Yl ]af \]mlda[‘]j =]k[‘|^la_mf_kYm^ZYm klYll_]^mf\]f*

Ojglr \]j k]‘j \qfYeak[‘]f @floa[cdmf_ .,,2+.,,3 ]jk[‘]afl ~Z]j \a] _]kYel] U]al\Ym]j Zak .,-1]af] @floa[cdmf_ Ye oY‘jk[‘]afda[‘kl]f( \a] afk_]kYel ngf ]af]j NlYZadaka]jmf_ \]j @jo]jZkl|la)_]frY‘d ae Q]jYjZ]al]f\]f B]o]jZ] Ymk_]‘l( rmeYd \a] @jo]jZkl|la_]f oa] \a] _]kYel] B]k]dd)k[‘Y^l roYj Ydl]jf( YZ]j \]eg_jY^ak[‘] Kjgr]kk] ]jkl fY[‘ .,., af ngdd]j =j]al] Ym^ \Yk @jo]jZkh]j)kgf]fhgl]fraYd \mj[‘k[‘dY_]f* ?Yk k]‘j ‘g‘] RY[‘klmekl]ehg \]j <jZ]alkhjg\mclanal|l \]j EY‘)j] k]al .,,- oaj\ ka[‘ ngjYmkka[‘lda[‘ fa[‘l \Ym]j‘Y^l ‘Ydl]f dYkk]f* Hall]d^jakla_ ]jk[‘]afl ]af <f)kla]_ ngf . Zak / " b|‘jda[‘ e}_da[‘ $‘a]j omj\]f rmf|[‘kl .(1 " Yf_]fgee]f%* ?YjYmk ]jj][‘f]lka[‘ ^~j \Yk EY‘j .,-1 ]af] <jZ]alkhjg\mclanal|l ae Q]jYjZ]al]f\]f B]o]jZ] ngf [Y* 2,*--3 ¥+@O(oYk Z]a ]af]j @jo]jZkl|la_]frY‘d ngf 32*2,, ]af]j =jmllgo]jlk[‘}h^mf_ ngf 0*2,1 Haddagf]f ¥]flkhja[‘l $hj]akZ]j]afa_l%*

?]j kh]ra^ak[‘] RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ oaj\ o]al]j kafc]f( \]ff ]k akl \Yngf Ymkrm_]‘]f( \Ykk ka[‘ \]jOj]f\ \]j rmj~[c_]‘]f\]f RYkk]jfmlrmf_]f af \]j Df\mklja] Zak .,-1 o]al]j ^gjlk]lr]f oaj\* \Ykj]kmdla]jl ngj Ydd]e Ymk ^gd_]f\]f Bj~f\]f6

· \]j oakk]fk[‘Y^lda[‘)l][‘fak[‘] Agjlk[‘jall ^~‘jl rmj @af^~‘jmf_ o]al]j]j oYkk]jkhYj]f\]jO][‘fgdg_a]f(

· \]j Oj]f\ rmj Q]jk[‘a]Zmf_ \]j =jmllgo]jlk[‘}h^mf_ af \]f ?a]fkld]aklmf_kZ]j]a[‘ mf\\a] Q]jdY_]jmf_ ngf Kjg\mclagf af =adda_dg‘fd|f\]j oaj\ ka[‘ ^gjlk]lr]f(

· <mkZYm \]j B]oaffmf_ j]_]f]jYlan]j @f]j_a]f*

77

I]Z]f \a]k]f _]f]j]dd]f Oj]f\k akl rm ]joYjl]f( \Ykk ka[‘ \a] \mj[‘ Df\mklja]Z]lja]Z] ]af_]d]al])l]f AjY[‘l]f Zak .,-1 o]al]j n]jjaf_]jf* PjkY[‘]f ‘a]j^~j kaf\ m* Y* o]al]j] l][‘fak[‘] Agjlk[‘jall]Z]a \]j @floa[cdmf_ YZoYkk]jYje]j Kjg\mclagfkn]j^Y‘j]f mf\ af \]j <ZoYkk]jj]afa_mf_* @Z]fkgo]j\]f ka[‘ \a] <f^gj\]jmf_]f \]j RMMG rmj M]\mra]jmf_ ngf _]^|‘jda[‘]f NmZklYfr]f hgkalanYmkoajc]f*

=]a <ffY‘e] ]af]j Kjg\mclanal|lkkl]a_]jmf_ ngf .(1 Kjgr]fl+Y mf\ ]af]k me -(1 Kjgr]fl+Y n]jjaf)_]jl]f kh]ra^ak[‘]f RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘k ]j_aZl ka[‘ ]af RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ ae Q]jYjZ]al]f\]f B]o]j)Z] ngf .-(/ Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j*

Raj\ Z]a _d]a[‘]j Kjg\mclanal|lkkl]a_]jmf_ $QYjaYfl] -% \a] \mj[‘k[‘fallda[‘] Q]jjaf_]jmf_ \]k kh])ra^ak[‘]f RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘k roak[‘]f \]f EY‘j]f .,,- mf\ .,,0 $-(- Kjgr]fl+Y% Yf_]fgee]f(]j_aZl ka[‘ ]af RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ ngf .-(/ Haddagf]f FmZace]l]jf*

R]k]flda[‘ Z]]af^dmkkl oaj\ \a] @floa[cdmf_ \mj[‘ \a] eYjalae] Rajlk[‘Y^l* R]j\]f afkZ]kgf\]j]ae N[‘a^^ZYm o]al]j‘af \qfYeak[‘] @floa[cdmf_]f ]aflj]l]f( kafcl ngjYmkka[‘lda[‘ \Yk B]oa[‘l \]k@jf|‘jmf_k_]o]jZ]k $Nljmclmj]^^]cl%* ?Yff kaf\ Ym[‘ ‘}‘]j] <ZfY‘e]f \]k kh]ra^ak[‘]f RYkk]j)n]jZjYm[‘k e}_da[‘* =]a <ffY‘e] ngf .(1 Kjgr]fl+Y Q]jjaf_]jmf_ mf\ ]af]j Kjg\mclanal|lkkl]a_])jmf_ ngf . Zak / " ]j_aZl ka[‘ ]af RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ roak[‘]f -4(5 mf\ .,(1 Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j*?Yeal ^|ddl \]j <fkla]_ roYj o]k]flda[‘ _]jaf_]j Ymk Ydk af \]j Bjmf\nYjaYfl]( akl YZ]j _]_]f~Z]j.,,0 $-1(- Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j% aee]j fg[‘ ka_fa^acYfl ‘}‘]j*

8\S‘UWSeW‘baQVOTb

?a] @f]j_a]oajlk[‘Y^l oaj\ _]kgf\]jl Z]ljY[‘l]l( o]ad ae B]Za]l \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al ]af FjY^l)o]jckklYf\gjl af GmZeaf ngj_]k]‘]f akl* <dd]j\af_k akl fg[‘ fa[‘l YZk[‘da]{]f\ ~Z]j \a] cgfcj]l]fDfn]klalagf]f ]flk[‘a]\]f akl* Bjmf\nYjaYfl] mf\ QYjaYfl] - _]‘]f \Yngf Ymk( \Ykk ]af Bm?)FjY^lo]jc ]jja[‘l]l oaj\*

Ra] \a] n]j_Yf_]f]f EY‘j] r]a_l]f( omj\] \a] @floa[cdmf_ \]j RYkk]jfmlrmf_ af k]‘j ‘g‘]eHY{] \mj[‘ \Yk Nl]afcg‘d])FjY^lo]jc Mgklg[c _]hj|_l( eal \]kk]f DfZ]lja]ZfY‘e] -551 \a] RYk)k]jfmlrmf_ khjmf_‘Y^l Yf_]kla]_]f akl*

A~j \Yk _]hdYfl] mf\ _]f]‘ea_l] Bm?)FjY^lo]jc Ye NlYf\gjl GmZeaf o]j\]f ^gd_]f\] KYjYe])l]j rm_jmf\] _]d]_l6 G]aklmf_ -*.,, HR7 _]hdYfl] DfZ]lja]ZfY‘e] .,--7 Dfn]klalagfk]flk[‘]a\mf_.,,5 ]joYjl]l* =]a <fkYlr ]af]k bY‘j]k\mj[‘k[‘fallda[‘]f F~‘doYkk]jZ]\Yj^k ngf 5 Oev+HR $<fYdq)k] .,,1% ]j_aZl ka[‘ j][‘f]jak[‘ ]af =]\Yj^ ngf [Y* -- Haddagf]f FmZace]l]jf F~‘doYkk]j b|‘jda[‘(oYk e]‘j Ydk ]af]j Q]j\ghhdmf_ _]_]f~Z]j \]f \]jr]ala_]f R]jl]f ^~j \a] RYkk]jfmlrmf_ ]fl)khj|[‘] $RYkk]j^dmkkj][‘fmf_ .,,-6 3(, Haddagf]f FmZace]l]j%* J‘f] \a]k]k FjY^lo]jc akl eal ]af]j]‘]j eg\]jYl]f Agjlk[‘j]aZmf_ Zak‘]ja_]j @floa[cdmf_klj]f\k rm j][‘f]f $QYjaYfl] .%* <m^_jmf\\]j \]eg_jYh‘ak[‘]f @floa[cdmf_ mf\ \]j $rmf]‘e]f\]f% Imlrmf_ c~‘dmf_kYje]j g\]j ¡^j]a]j@f]j_a]im]dd]f c}ffl] ka[‘ \]j Zak .,,- rm n]jr]a[‘f]f\] <fkla]_ \]j RYkk]jfmlrmf_ o]al]j YZ)k[‘o|[‘]f* @Z]fkg ljY_]f l][‘fgdg_ak[‘] Agjlk[‘jall] l]f\]fra]dd rmj Q]jjaf_]jmf_ \]k F~‘doYk)k]jZ]\Yj^k Z]a* <dk I|‘]jmf_ko]jl ^~j \Yk =Yk]daf])Nr]fYjag g‘f] FjY^lo]jc Ye NlYf\gjl GmZeafoaj\ \]k‘YdZ afk_]kYel ]af _d]a[‘ Zd]aZ]f\]k Ian]Ym \]j RYkk]jfmlrmf_ ae =]j]a[‘ @f]j_a]oajl)k[‘Y^l Yf_]fgee]f*

A~j ]af ro]al]k Bm?)FjY^lo]jc da]_l \a] Umka[‘]jmf_ ^~j \a] B]f]‘ea_mf_ ngj( ^~j ]af Nl]afcg‘d])cjY^lo]jc eal eYp* /*3,, HR A]m]jmf_ko|je]d]aklmf_ d|m^l _]_]fo|jla_ UmdYkkmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f* @koaj\ \Yngf Ymk_]_Yf_]f( \Ykk Z]a\] FjY^lo]jc] fa[‘l ae =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kr]aljYme af =]lja]Z_]‘]f mf\ \Y‘]j ‘a]j mfZ]j~[cka[‘la_l Zd]aZ]f c}ff]f*

78

@O‘WbW[S JW‘baQVOTb

?a] Umcmf^lkh]jkh]clan]f \]j eYjalae]f Rajlk[‘Y^l o]j\]f eY{_]Zda[‘ \mj[‘ \j]a AYclgj]f Z])klaeel6

· \a] DffgnYlagfk^|‘a_c]al ae N[‘a^^ZYm mf\ k]af]f Umda]^]jaf\mklja]f ]afk[‘d* \]j Q]j^d][‘)lmf_ eal Am@) mf\ Yf\]j]f ?a]fkld]aklmf_kZ]j]a[‘]f $>dmkl]jZad\mf_%(

· \a] Ymkj]a[‘]f\] B]oaffmf_ mf\ \Yk CYdl]f ngf AY[‘cj|^l]f ngj \]e Cafl]j_jmf\ \]j\]eg_jY^ak[‘]f @floa[cdmf_ mf\

· \a] KYjlarahYlagf \]j CY^]fklYf\gjl] Yf \]j $]joYjl]l]f% \qfYeak[‘]f @floa[cdmf_ \]kN]]n]jc]‘jk

?a] eYjalae] Rajlk[‘Y^l akl af \a] ]flkhj][‘]f\]f N]clgj]f $Q]jYjZ]al]f\]k B]o]jZ]( ?a]fkld]ak)lmf_]f% ]af_]gj\f]l* =]a ]af]j o]al]j]f \qfYeak[‘]f @floa[cdmf_ kaf\ ‘afka[‘lda[‘ \]k RYkk]j)n]jZjYm[‘k mf\ \]j <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ Nljmclmj]^^]cl] aff]j‘YdZ \]k Q]jYjZ]al]f\]f B]o]jZ]ke}_da[‘( \a] ]af] o]al]j] <Zk]fcmf_ \]k kh]ra^ak[‘]f Q]jZjYm[‘k Z]oajc]f c}ff]f*

79

<<&.&+ >]abS\RSQYS\RS JOaaS‘RWS\abZSWabc\US\

<<&.&+&) 4PU‘S\hc\U RSa 5SU‘WTTa JOaaS‘RWS\abZSWabc\US\

?a] =]ja[‘l]jklYllmf_ rmj Fgkl]f\][cmf_ \]j RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f d]_l \a] Na[‘lo]ak] \]j =mf)\]kj]hmZdac ?]mlk[‘dYf\ rme =]_ja^^ £RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f¢ rm_jmf\]* ?YfY[‘ o]j\]f Ydk RYk)k]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f Yf_]k]‘]f6

Y% RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ $<fj]a[‘]jmf_( @flfY‘e]( <m^Z]j]almf_( Nh]a[‘]jmf_ mf\ ?jm[c‘Yd)lmf_( Q]jl]admf_( =]lja]Z ngf <m^klYmmf_]f rme Uo][c] \]j RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_%(

Z% <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ $NYeedmf_( =]‘Yf\dmf_( @afd]almf_ ngf N[‘emlr) mf\ Ia]\]j)k[‘dY_koYkk]j af Hak[‘) mf\ Oj]ffkqkl]e]f%*

?a] ngj_]fgee]f]f <fYdqk]f Z]ra]‘]f ka[‘ Ym^ \a]k] =]j]a[‘]*

<<&.&+&* @SbV]RWY

Fgfr]hlagf]dd cf~h^]f \a] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f rmj Fgkl]f\][cmf_ Yf \a] \j]a j]_agfYd]f AYddklm\a]fYf( \a] af \]j =mf\]kj]hmZdac ^~j \a] =]ja[‘l]jklYllmf_ fY[‘ <jl* 1 RMMG ae EY‘j .,,1 \mj[‘_]^~‘jlogj\]f oYj]f* ?a] <fYdqk] mf\ =]ja[‘l]jklYllmf_ ]j^gd_l af <fd]‘fmf_ Yf \Yk af \]f R<O@>J)G]aldafa]f ngj_]k[‘dY_]f] =]ja[‘lkk[‘]eY* ?YfY[‘ omj\]f \a] rmj @afk[‘|lrmf_ \]j Fgkl]f\])[cmf_ ]j‘gZ]f]f ?Yl]f _]_da]\]jl fY[‘

· @affY‘e]ffan]Ym mf\ @affY‘e]fkljmclmj

· NmZn]flagf]f

· Fgkl]f af Pfl]j_da]\]jmf_ fY[‘ FYhalYdcgkl]f mf\ =]lja]Zkcgkl]f*

?Yj~Z]j ‘afYmk omj\]f ]flkhj][‘]f\ \]f Jja]fla]jmf_]f \]j R<O@>J)G]aldafa]f b]o]adk \a] ?Y)l]fim]dd]+Q]j^~_ZYjc]al( \]j =]rm_kr]aljYme mf\ \]j MYmeZ]rm_ \]j ?Yl]f Ymk_]oa]k]f kgoa]]af] @afk[‘|lrmf_ rmj LmYdal|l mf\ M]hj|k]flYlanal|l \]j ?Yl]f _]ljg^^]f*

Df H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf omj\] rmj oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f <fYdqk] \]j Fgkl]f\][cmf_ ]af] dYf\]k)o]al] Kjae|j]j‘]Zmf_ ngf ?Yl]f Z]a Q]j) mf\ @flkgj_mf_kZ]lja]Z]f ngj_]fgee]f( \]j]f <mk)o]jlmf_ ^~j \Yk B]Za]l \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] af ]af]e _]kgf\]jl]f BmlY[‘l]f \Yj_]kl]ddl oaj\*A~j \Yk B]Za]l \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al da]_l \a] M]hj|k]flYlanal|l \]j @j‘]Zmf_ kgog‘d ‘afka[‘lda[‘\]j UY‘d \]j RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_kmfl]jf]‘e]f kgoa] YZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_kh^da[‘la_]f F}jh]j)k[‘Y^l]f mf\ \]j \Yeal ]j^Ykkl]f @afog‘f]jrY‘d Ydk Ym[‘ ‘afka[‘lda[‘ \]j YZ_]_]Z]f]f Zro* Z])‘Yf\]dl]f RYkk]je]f_] b]o]adk ~Z]j 5, "* ?a] ?Yl]f \][c]f kgeal \Yk B]Za]l \]j Admkk_]Za]lk)]af‘]al fY‘]rm ngddkl|f\a_ YZ*

R]al]j‘af ]j^gd_l]f

· ]af] ?Yjkl]ddmf_ \]j j][‘lda[‘]f M]_]dmf_]f(

· \a] <mko]jlmf_ ngjda]_]f\]j Nlm\a]f( Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f mf\ BmlY[‘l]f(

· \a] <mko]jlmf_ Yelda[‘]j NlYlaklac]f mf\ Q]jZYf\kklYlaklac]f(

· M][‘]j[‘]f rme NlYf\ \]j @afZ]ra]‘mf_ ngf Peo]dl) mf\ M]kkgmj[]fcgkl]f af \a] Kj]ak]ngf RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f(

· M][‘]j[‘]f rmj Imlrmf_ o]al]j]j <fj]are][‘Yfake]f ^~j \]f ]^^ara]fl]f Pe_Yf_ eal \]jM]kkgmj[] RYkk]j(

· M][‘]j[‘]f rmj B]o|‘jmf_ klYYlda[‘]j NmZn]flagf]f ^~j RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f(

80

· M][‘]j[‘]f ~Z]j Kj]akklY^^]dmf_]f ^~j RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f*

Umj @jealldmf_ mf\ =]o]jlmf_ \]k =]aljY_k ]afr]df]j Rajlk[‘Y^lkk]clgj]f rmj ?][cmf_ \]j Fgkl]f\]j RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_+ <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ cgffl]f Ymk \]f Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f mf\ Kjae|j]j‘])Zmf_]f Zak‘]j fg[‘ c]af] imYfla^ara]jZYj]f @jc]fflfakk] ]jdYf_l o]j\]f*

A~j \a] <Zk[‘|lrmf_ \]j Dfl]jfYdaka]jmf_ ngf Peo]dl) mf\ M]kkgmj[]fcgkl]f af \]f Kj]ak]f \]jRYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f omj\]f \a] af ?]mlk[‘dYf\ ]lYZda]jl]f Dfkljme]fl] ‘]jYf_]rg_]f* ?YkZ]lja^^l

· RYkk]j]flfY‘e]]fl_]dl](

· <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ](

· fYlmjk[‘mlrj][‘lda[‘] <mk_d]a[‘kYZ_YZ]f*

LmYflalYlan] <f_YZ]f da]_]f ^~j \a] GYf\]k]Z]f] H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf ngj* ?a]k] omj\]f afM]dYlagf rme b]o]ada_]f B]Z~‘j]fYm^cgee]f _]k]lrl( me \]f Kj]ak]^^]cl $mf\ \Yeal \a] Nl|jc]\]j <fj]aroajcmf_% \a]k]j Dfkljme]fl] YZrmk[‘|lr]f* ?Yk \a] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ]loY 24 " \]j@afog‘f]j H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jfk j]hj|k]fla]jl( cYff ]af] zZ]jljY_mf_ \]j GYf\]k]j_]Zfak)k] Ym^ \a] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al Ydk hdYmkaZ]d Yf_]k]‘]f o]j\]f*

<<&.&+&+ 8‘USP\WaaS

?Yk Kjafrah \]j Fgkl]f\][cmf_ oaj\ ae FgeemfYdYZ_YZ]f_]k]lr ngf H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf _]j]_]dl* ?Yk Z]\]ml]l( \a] @affY‘e]f ]af]j <Zj][‘fmf_kh]jag\] e~kk]f \a] Fgk)l]f ^~j \]f =]lja]Z \]j RYkk]jn]j) mf\ <ZoYkk]j]flkgj_mf_k]afja[‘lmf_]f \][c]f* Bd]a[‘r]ala_Z]kl]‘l YZ]j Ym[‘ ]af Fgkl]f~Z]jk[‘j]almf_kn]jZgl* @k \~j^]f Ydkg fa[‘l e]‘j @affY‘e]f ]jra]dlo]j\]f Ydk rmj <Z\][cmf_ \]j =]lja]Zkcgkl]f ]j^gj\]jda[‘ kaf\* ?a]k] Bjmf\k|lr] _]dl]f mfYZ)‘|f_a_ \Yngf( gZ =]fmlrmf_k_]Z~‘j]f g\]j hjanYlj][‘lda[‘] @fl_]dl] ]j‘gZ]f o]j\]f* R]ad Z]a\]f ae QgjYmk rm cYdcmda]j]f\]f =]fmlrmf_k_]Z~‘j]f af ]af]e fa[‘l _]jaf_]f Pe^Yf_ ealN[‘|lrmf_]f kgog‘d Z]a \]f ngjYmkka[‘lda[‘]f Fgkl]f Ydk Ym[‘ Z]a \]f oY‘jk[‘]afda[‘]f <ZoYk)k]je]f_]f _]YjZ]al]l o]j\]f emkk( lgd]ja]jl \a] M][‘lkhj][‘mf_ _]jaf_^~_a_] Fgkl]f~Z]jk[‘j]a)lmf_]f* ?a] <m^_YZ]flj|_]j ‘YZ]f Fgkl]f~Z]j) g\]j Pfl]j\][cmf_ af \]f Agd_]bY‘j]f Ymk)rm_d]a[‘]f*

A~j hjanYl] OjafcoYkk]jn]jkgj_]j akl ]k rmd|kka_( B]oaff] rm ]joajlk[‘Y^l]f*

?a] RYkk]j\a]fkld]akl]j mfl]jda]_]f \]j FgeemfYdYm^ka[‘l*

JOaaS‘dS‘a]‘Uc\U

De =]j]a[‘ \]j }^^]flda[‘]f RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ Z]d]_]f \a] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_k]j_]Zfakk] ^~j \a] AB@RYjfgo+K]]f]( \Ykk \a] ?a]fkld]aklmf_ }^^]flda[‘] RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ _jmf\k|lrda[‘ cgkl]f\])[c]f\ ]jZjY[‘l oaj\*

De ¡ eal \]j RYkk]jYZ_YZ]e]f_] _]oa[‘l]l]f ¡ Hall]d \]j af \a] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_ ]afZ]rg_]f]fPfl]jf]‘e]f =]lja]Z] mf\ Q]jZ|f\] da]_l \]j Z]lja]Zkoajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] Fgkl]f\][cmf_k_jY\ $F? -%Z]a -,1 "* =]j~[cka[‘la_l eYf }^^]flda[‘]f AafYfra]jmf_k‘ad^]f fa[‘l( \Yff ]jj][‘f]l ka[‘ ]af Fgk)l]f\][cmf_k_jY\ $F? .% ngf -,/ "*

81

?a] fY[‘^gd_]f\] zZ]jka[‘l ^Ykkl \a] oa[‘la_kl]f @j_]Zfakk] rmkYee]f6

GOP& <<&.%)(6 >Y]^PXOPNU_XR JL]]P\‘P\]Y\R_XR TX OP\ 9:8 JL\XYa’CPPXP

@afog‘f]j -*,3.*-5/

<fl]ad @afog‘f]j Yf AB@ afk)_]kYel

50(/ "

RYkk]jYZ_YZ] $Hag* ev% 12(5--

@jd}k] $¥+ ev% -(3,

Fgkl]f $¥+ ev% -(2/

NmZn]flagf]f $¥+ ev% ,(,.

F? - -,0(2 "

F? . -,/(0 "

4PeOaaS‘PSaSWbWUc\U

De =]j]a[‘ \]j }^^]flda[‘]f <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ da]_l \a] Fgkl]f\][cmf_ fY[‘ \]f Pfl]jkm)[‘mf_k]j_]Zfakk]f ]afa_] Kjgr]flhmfcl] fa]\ja_]j Ydk ae N]clgj RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_*

De ¡ eal \]e <ZoYkk]jYm^cgee]f _]oa[‘l]l]f ¡ Hall]d \]j af \a] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_ ]afZ]rg_]f]fPfl]jf]‘e]f mf\ F}jh]jk[‘Y^l]f da]_l \]j Z]lja]Zkoajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] Fgkl]f\][cmf_k_jY\ $F? -% Z]a-,. "* De <ZoYkk]jZ]j]a[‘ ‘YZ]f }^^]flda[‘] AafYfra]jmf_k‘ad^]f ngj Ydd]e af \]f klYjc d|f\da[‘_]hj|_l]f B]Za]l]f ]af]f fa[‘l mf]j‘]Zda[‘]f @af^dmkk Ym^ \a] Fgkl]f\][cmf_* J‘f] \a]k] @^^]cl]]jj][‘f]l ka[‘ ]af Fgkl]f\][cmf_k_jY\ $F? .% ngf 52 "*

?a] fY[‘^gd_]f\] zZ]jka[‘l ^Ykkl \a] oa[‘la_kl]f @j_]Zfakk] rmkYee]f6

GOP& <<&.%))6 >Y]^PXOPNU_XR 4MaL]]P\MP]PT^TR_XR TX OP\ 9:8 JL\XYa’CPPXP

@afog‘f]j -*,20*-1,

<fl]ad @afog‘f]j Yf AB@ afk_]kYel 5/(1"

<ZoYkk]jYm^cgee]f $Hag* ev% 0/(,15

@jd}k] $¥+ ev% 0(05

Fgkl]f $¥+ ev% 0(.2

NmZn]flagf]f $¥+ ev% ,(.3

F? - -,-(5"

F? . 51(1"

Dfk_]kYel akl eal‘af ^~j \a] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] Fgkl]f\][cmf_ _]_]Z]f*

mTTS\bZWQVS 9q‘RS‘c\U RS‘ JOaaS‘dS‘a]‘Uc\U c\R 4PeOaaS‘PSaSWbWUc\U

Df \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al( oa] af _Yfr H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf( omj\]f \mj[‘ \a] YZoYkk]jZ])k]ala_mf_kh^da[‘la_]f F}jh]jk[‘Y^l]f( ]j‘]Zda[‘] <fklj]f_mf_]f ^~j ]af] o]al_]‘]f\ ^d|[‘]f\])[c]f\ gj\fmf_k_]e|{] <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ mfl]jfgee]f* ?a] Ajaklngj_YZ]f \]j @P rmj @j^~d)dmf_ \]j ka[‘ Ymk \]j FgeemfYdYZoYkk]jja[‘ldafa] ]j_]Z]f]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f omj\]f l]jeaf_])j][‘l ]j^~ddl* Dfk_]kYel ‘YZ]f \a] YZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_kh^da[‘la_]f F}jh]jk[‘Y^l]f af \]j Admkk_])

82

Za]lk]af‘]al ae U]aljYme ngf .,,, Zak .,,3 e]‘j Ydk 0,, Kjgb]cl] j]Ydaka]jl* <dd]af Ymk \]e CYmk)‘Ydl \]k GYf\oajlk[‘Y^lk) mf\ Peo]dleafakl]jamek omj\]f \a]k] Dfn]klalagfkeY{fY‘e]f eal ]a)f]e B]kYelme^Yf_ ngf ~Z]j ]af]j Qa]jl]deaddagf @mjg \mj[‘ \a] =]j]alkl]ddmf_ ngf A}j\]jeall]dfaf C}‘] ngf e]‘j Ydk -,, Haddagf]f @mjg mfl]jkl~lrl* GYf\]ko]al kaf\ k]al -55- ~Z]j .*,,, Qgj‘Y)Z]f eal [Y* 43, Haddagf]f @mjg _]^}j\]jl ogj\]f*

Umj Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]j OjafcoYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ omj\]f af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf ae U]aljYmengf .,,, Zak .,,3 e]‘j Ydk .,, Qgj‘YZ]f eal [Y* /, Haddagf]f @mjg Z]rmk[‘mkkl* ?Yeal kaf\ Dfn]k)lalagf]f af \a] OjafcoYkk]jaf^jYkljmclmj ngf jmf\ 4, Haddagf]f @mjg Ymk_]d}kl ogj\]f* ?YfY[‘ ]j)^gd_l ae OjafcoYkk]jZ]j]a[‘ c]af] A}j\]jmf_ e]‘j*

?a] ]af_]k]lrl]f A}j\]jeall]d ^~‘jl]f rm ]af]j Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]j Fgkl]f\][cmf_ Z]a \]f RYkk]j)\a]fkld]aklmf_]f $ka]‘] 4PP& <<&.%)%* Na] ljY_]f eal ]af]e <fl]ad ngf _ml 2 " rmj Fgkl]f\][cmf_Z]a* A]jf]j ‘YZ]f A}j\]jeall]d _]Z~‘j]fk]fc]f\] Rajcmf_*

4PP& <<&.%)6 >Y]^PXOPNU_XR TW 4MaL]]P\MP\PTNS XLNS 8X^]Y\RP\X WT^ _XO YSXP 9k\OP\_XR

5SWb‘pUS RS‘ ;Oc^baSYb]‘S\ <\Rcab‘WS c\R ?O\ReW‘baQVOTb

Cafka[‘lda[‘ \]j =]alj|_] \]j CYmhlk]clgj]f c}ff]f \]jr]al ~Z]j \a] RYkk]j^dmkkj][‘fmf_ ‘afYmkc]af] imYfla^ara]jl]f @afk[‘|lrmf_]f _]ljg^^]f o]j\]f*

?a] RYkk]jfmlrmf_]f ngf GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l mf\ Df\mklja]( afkZ]kgf\]j] af\mklja]dd)_]o]jZda[‘]RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ $@a_]f^}j\]jmf_%( dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ $=]j]_fmf_% mf\ af)\mklja]dd)_]o]jZda[‘] <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ $?aj]cl]afd]al]j%( o]j\]f af ?]mlk[‘dYf\ hjae|j \mj[‘

83

n]jZaf\da[‘] NlYf\Yj\k $@jdYmZfakj][‘l]( LmYdal|lkhYjYe]l]j% _]j]_]dl* <m^ \a]k] R]ak] cYff ka)[‘]j_]kl]ddl o]j\]f( \Ykk \a]k] RYkk]jfmlrmf_]f fa[‘l rm mfYcr]hlYZd]f Peo]dlZ]dYklmf_]f$Peo]dlcgkl]f% g\]j Imlrmf_kcgf^dacl]f $M]kkgmj[]fcgkl]f% ^~‘j]f*

?Yj~Z]j ‘afYmk o]j\]f \a] ngjkl]‘]f\ _]fYffl]f RYkk]jfmlrmf_]f ae MY‘e]f \]j B]Z~‘j]f)hgdalac Ym[‘ ngf \]f Z]kl]‘]f\]f egf]l|j]f Dfkljme]fl]f rmj Dfl]_jYlagf ngf Peo]dl) mf\ M]k)kgmj[]fcgkl]f $RYkk]j]flfY‘e]]fl_]dl( <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ]( fYlmjk[‘mlrj][‘lda[‘] <mk_d]a[‘kYZ)_YZ]% ]j^Ykkl*

Ngo]al Pfl]jf]‘e]f \]j Df\mklja] g\]j GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l k]dZkl <fdY_]f rmj RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ mf\<ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ Z]lj]aZ]f( akl Z]lja]Zkoajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] Fgkl]f\][cmf_ rm mfl]jkl]dd]f*

=]a \]j B]Z~‘j]fZ]j][‘fmf_ ^~j RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f oaj\ af ?]mlk[‘dYf\ _jmf\k|lrda[‘ fa[‘lfY[‘ Rajlk[‘Y^lkk]clgj]f \a^^]j]fra]jl* ?Y‘]j akl af ?]mlk[‘dYf\ \]j Yf_]e]kk]f] =]aljY_ \]jCYmhlk]clgj]f rmj Fgkl]f\][cmf_ ka[‘]j_]kl]ddl*

JSWbS‘S 8‘USP\WaaS

@af mfl]jk[‘a]\da[‘ _jg{]j O]ad \]j Peo]dl) mf\ M]kkgmj[]fcgkl]f ngf RYkk]jfmlrmf_]f akl af?]mlk[‘dYf\ Z]j]alk \mj[‘ gj\fmf_kj][‘lda[‘] B]f]‘ea_mf_]f kgoa] \mj[‘ <m^dY_]f af oYkk]j)j][‘lda[‘]f =]k[‘]a\]f ^~j Qgjkgj_]) mf\ <mk_d]a[‘keY{fY‘e]f afl]jfYdaka]jl*

R]al]j] £afl]jfYdaka]jl]¢ Peo]dl) mf\ M]kkgmj[]fcgkl]f kaf\ OjYfk^]jrY‘dmf_]f( \a] ngf \]f RYk)k]jfmlr]jf e]akl af Agje ngf <Z_YZ]f rme <mk_d]a[‘ ^~j \a] <mkoajcmf_]f \]j RYkk]j]flfY‘e]Zro* \]j @afd]almf_ ngf <ZoYkk]j Ym^ \]j Bjmf\dY_] _]f]j]dd]j _]k]lrda[‘]j M]_]dmf_]f g\]j\mj[‘ @afr]d^Yddj]_]dmf_]f ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ eal \]j B]f]‘ea_mf_ ]af]j RYkk]jfmlrmf_ _]d]ak)l]l o]j\]f*

JOaaS‘S\b\OV[SS\bUSZb

A~j \a] @flfY‘e] ngf RYkk]j Ymk \]e IYlmj‘Ymk‘Ydl akl af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf ]af RYkk]j)]flfY‘e]]fl_]dl rm ]flja[‘l]f* ?a]k]k da]_l Z]a ,(,-4 ¥+ev7 ]af] <mkfY‘e] Zad\]l d]\a_da[‘ \Yk@fl_]dl ^~j F~‘doYkk]j* ?a] @affY‘e]f Ymk \]e RYkk]j]flfY‘e]]fl_]dl dY_]f ^~j H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf ae ?mj[‘k[‘fall \]j EY‘j] .,,0 Zak .,,2 Z]a [Y* -(4 Haddagf]f ¥* Pfl]j =]j~[cka[‘la)_mf_ \]k @afog‘f]jn]j‘|dlfakk]k mf\ \]k FjY^lo]jckklYf\gjl]k Mgklg[c \~j^l]f ka] rme _jg{]fO]ad af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al Yf_]^Ydd]f k]af* ?Y \a] M]dYlagf rme Ian]Ym \]k RYkk]jhj]ak]k aefa]\ja_]f ]afkl]dda_]f Kjgr]flZ]j]a[‘ da]_l( akl rm n]jeml]f( \Ykk \a] G]fcmf_koajcmf_ ~Z]joa])_]f\ ]‘]j _]jaf_ Ymk^|ddl* Df ]af]j Zmf\]ko]al]f <fYdqk] \]k Peo]dlZmf\]kYel]k oaj\ \]j @af)^dmkk \]k RYkk]j]flfY‘e]]fl_]dlk Ym^ \]f RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘ Ydk j]dYlan k[‘oY[‘ ]af_]k[‘|lrl $P=<.,,4%* ?a] @affY‘e]f Ymk \]e RYkk]j]flfY‘e]]fl_]dl o]j\]f ro][c_]Zmf\]f ^~j HY{fY‘e]f\]k B]o|kk]jk[‘mlr]k n]jo]f\]l*

4PeOaaS‘OPUOPS

?a] @j‘]Zmf_ \]j <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ] rmj Dfl]jfYdaka]jmf_ ngf Peo]dlcgkl]f akl Zmf\]ko]al ]af‘]al)da[‘ _]j]_]dl* <m^ \]j Bjmf\dY_] \]k <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ]f_]k]lr]k emkk ^~j b]\] <jl ngf <ZoYkk]j)]afd]almf_( Ym[‘ ngf _]j]afa_l]e <ZoYkk]j $r* =* ngf B]e]af\]f( Df\mklja]% ]af] <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ]]flja[‘l]l o]j\]f* ?a] C}‘] \]j <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ] ja[‘l]l ka[‘ fY[‘ \]j N[‘|\da[‘c]al \]k ]af_]d]a)l]l]f <ZoYkk]jk* ?a] N[‘|\da[‘c]al oaj\ \mj[‘ ]af] !N[‘Y\]af‘]al! Ymk_]\j~[cl* E] _]jaf_]j \a]N[‘|\da[‘c]al ]af]k <ZoYkk]jk akl( \]klg _]jaf_]j ^|ddl \a] <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ] Ymk* ?a] C}‘] \]j <Z)_YZ] da]_l \]jr]al Z]a /1(35 ¥ b] N[‘Y\]af‘]al* =]a zZ]jk[‘j]almf_ \]k zZ]joY[‘mf_ko]jl]k $Ymk]af]j @afd]al]jdYmZfak% akl _jmf\k|lrda[‘ ]af] ]j‘}‘l] <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ] rm rY‘d]f*

?a] <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ] akl Ydk }cgfgeak[‘]k <fj]arafkljme]fl ^~j Dfn]klalagf]f af \a] <ZoYkk]jaf^jY)kljmclmj Zro* af k[‘Y\klg^^Yje] O][‘fgdg_a]f cgfraha]jl* ?a] ]jo~fk[‘l] <fj]aroajcmf_ \a]k]k k]al-534 af ?]mlk[‘dYf\ _]dl]f\]f Dfkljme]flk ‘Yl ka[‘ af ]af]e me^Ykk]f\]f <mkZYm \]j <ZoYkk]j)af^jYkljmclmj \]mlda[‘ _]r]a_l* Hal ^gjlk[‘j]al]f\]e <mkZYm \]j Df^jYkljmclmj kaf\ Ydd]j\af_k \a]

84

@affY‘e]f Ymk \]j <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ] kl]la_ _]kmfc]f mf\ o]j\]f Yclm]dd \]mlk[‘dYf\o]al Ym^\mj[‘k[‘fallda[‘ ]loY / " \]j <ZoYkk]j_]Z~‘j]f _]k[‘|lrl $=BR .,,1%* Ojglr\]e akl \a] ^afYfra]d)d] Rajcmf_ _]_]Z]f6 De ?mj[‘k[‘fall \]j EY‘j] .,,0 Zak .,,2 omj\]f af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf [Y* 2(1 Hag* ¥ \mj[‘ \a] <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ] ]af_]fgee]f* <m^ \a] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]]fl^Ydd]f ]flkhj][‘]f\ \]e =]n}dc]jmf_kn]j‘|dlfak ]loY 0 Zak 0(1 Haddagf]f ¥*

?a] @affY‘e]f Ymk \]j <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ] kaf\ _]e|{ <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ]_]k]lr ro][c_]Zmf\]f ^~jHY{fY‘e]f ]afrmk]lr]f( \a] \]j @j‘Ydlmf_ g\]j Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]j B]o|kk]j_~l] \a]f]f*

AObc‘aQVcbh‘SQVbZWQVS 4caUZSWQVaOPUOPS

@af o]al]j]k Dfkljme]fl rmj Dfl]jfYdaka]jmf_ ngf Peo]dl) mf\ M]kkgmj[]fcgkl]f akl \a] fYlmj)k[‘mlrj][‘lda[‘] <mk_d]a[‘kYZ_YZ]* Na] oaj\ ^~j @af_ja^^] af \]f IYlmj‘Ymk‘Ydl ]j‘gZ]f( \a] fa[‘lngj Jjl \mj[‘ IYlmjk[‘mlreY{fY‘e]f Ymk_]_da[‘]f g\]j ]jk]lrl o]j\]f c}ff]f* ?Yk <m^cge)e]f Ymk \a]k]j <Z_YZ] akl af \]f n]j_Yf_]f]f EY‘j]f Ym[‘ ^~j oYkk]joajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] M]fYlmja])jmf_khjgb]cl] ]af_]k]lrl ogj\]f* =]a \]j _]hdYfl]f Ign]dda]jmf_ \]k GYf\]kfYlmjk[‘mlr_]k]lr]ko]j\]f f]Z]f \]j G]fcmf_ ngf Fgeh]fkYlagfkeY{fY‘e]f o]al]j] Dfkljme]fl] \]j @af_ja^^kj])_]dmf_ $r* =* ycgcgflg( Fgeh]fkYlagfk^d|[‘]fhggd% ]af_]^~‘jl* ?a]k] Dfkljme]fl] kgdd]f ]Z]f^Yddk^~j \a] Pek]lrmf_ \]j @B)RMMG mf\ kgeal Ym[‘ ^~j \a] Dfl]jfYdaka]jmf_ ngf Peo]dl) mf\ M]kkgmj)[]fcgkl]f _]fmlrl o]j\]f*

<<&.&+&, LcaO[[S\TOaac\U c\R FQVZcaaT]ZUS‘c\US\

?a] ]ehajak[‘]f Pfl]jkm[‘mf_k]j_]Zfakk] ^~j \a] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] Z]d]_]f( \Ykk \a] ?a]fkl)d]aklmf_ }^^]flda[‘] RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ cgkl]f\][c]f\ ]jZjY[‘l oaj\* IY[‘ \]f <fYdqk]]j_]Zfak)k]f da]_l \]j Z]lja]Zkoajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] Fgkl]f\][cmf_k_jY\ $F? -% Z]a -,1 "* =]j~[cka[‘la_l eYf \a]}^^]flda[‘]f AafYfra]jmf_k‘ad^]f fa[‘l( \Yff ]jj][‘f]l ka[‘ ]af Fgkl]f\][cmf_k_jY\ $F? .% ngf-,/ "*

De =]j]a[‘ \]j }^^]flda[‘]f <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ da]_l \a] Fgkl]f\][cmf_ fa]\ja_]j* Ca]j ]jj][‘)f]f ka[‘ ^~j \a] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] afk_]kYel Fgkl]f\][cmf_k_jY\] ngf -,. " $F? -% Zro* 52 "$F? .%* ?YZ]a ‘YZ]f }^^]flda[‘] AafYfra]jmf_k‘ad^]f ngj Ydd]e af \]f klYjc d|f\da[‘ _]hj|_l]f B])Za]l]f ]af]f fa[‘l mf]j‘]Zda[‘]f @af^dmkk Ym^ \a] Fgkl]f\][cmf_* Dfk_]kYel akl ^~j \a] AB@ RYj)fgo+K]]f] Ym[‘ ae =]j]a[‘ \]j }^^]flda[‘]f <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ ae ?mj[‘k[‘fall ]af] Fgkl]f\])[cmf_ _]_]Z]f* ?YjYf ‘YZ]f }^^]flda[‘] AafYfra]jmf_k‘ad^]f ]af]f <fl]ad ngf [Y* 2 "*

IY[‘ \]e Q]jkl|f\fak mf\ \]j Nqkl]eYlac \]k \]mlk[‘]f RYkk]jj][‘lk mf\ Q]joYdlmf_k‘Yf\]dfkkaf\ ]k ngj Ydd]e gj\fmf_kj][‘lda[‘] HY{fY‘e]f( ~Z]j \a] ]af] ]^^ara]fl] Imlrmf_ \]j n]j^~_ZY)j]f RYkk]jj]kkgmj[]f _]o|‘jd]akl]l oaj\* A]jf]j o]j\]f ~Z]j \a] RYkk]j_]Z~‘j]fhgdalac af?]mlk[‘dYf\( mf\ kg Ym[‘ ae B]Za]l \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]( <fj]ar] rmj ]^^ara]fl]f Imlrmf_ _])k]lrl* \Yrm _]‘}j]f afkZ]kgf\]j]

· \a] cgeemfYdj][‘lda[‘]f Qgjk[‘ja^l]f rmj Fgkl]f\][cmf_ ngf RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f7

· \a] =]j~[cka[‘la_mf_ ]pl]jf]j Fgkl]f $Peo]dl) mf\ M]kkgmj[]fcgkl]f% \mj[‘ @j‘]Zmf_\]j <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ] mf\ ngf RYkk]j]flfY‘e]]fl_]dl]f7

· \a] @j‘]Zmf_ ngf NYfclagfkrY‘dmf_]f Z]a zZ]jk[‘j]almf_ ngf Bj]fro]jl]f \]j =]dYklmf_ngf <ZoYkk]j eal N[‘Y\klg^^^jY[‘l]f7

· \a] @j‘]Zmf_ fYlmjk[‘mlrj][‘lda[‘]j <mk_d]a[‘kYZ_YZ]f*

?a] @floa[cdmf_ \]k RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘k mf\ \]j N[‘Y\klg^^]aflj|_] af \]f rmj~[cda]_]f\]fEY‘j]f r]a_]f( \Ykk \Yk ngj‘Yf\]f] Dfkljme]flYjame gj\fmf_kj][‘lda[‘]j mf\ _]Z~‘j]fhgda)lak[‘]j HY{fY‘e]f ^~j \a] RYkk]jfmlr]j ]j‘]Zda[‘] <fj]ar] rmj ]^^ara]fl]f Imlrmf_ \]j M]k)kgmj[] RYkk]j k]lrl*

85

<<&/ LcaO[[S\TOaac\U RSa @Oo\OV[S^‘]U‘O[[a "4‘bWYSZ )) W\ IS‘PW\Rc\U [Wb 4‘bWYSZ , 8:%JEE?#

VorbemerkungenII.7.1 Maßnahmen zur Umsetzung der gemeinschaftlichen WasserschutzvorschriftenII.7.2 Praktischen Schritte und Maßnahmen zur Anwendung des Grundsatzes zur Deckung

der Kosten von WasserdienstleistungenII.7.3 Maßnahmen an Gewässern zur Entnahme von TrinkwasserII.7.4 Begrenzungen in bezug auf die Entnahme oder Aufstauung von WasserII.7.5 Begrenzungen für Einleitungen über Punktquellen und sonstige Tätigkeiten mit Auswir-

kungen auf den Zustand des GrundwassersII.7.6 Begrenzungen der direkten Einleitungen in das GrundwasserII.7.7 Maßnahmen hinsichtlich prioritärer StoffeII.7.8 Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung oder Verringerung unbeabsichtigter Gewässerverschmut-

zungenII.7.9 Maßnahmen für Wasserkörper, die festgelegte Umweltziele möglicherweise nicht errei-

chenII.7.10 Ergänzende Maßnahmen zur Erreichung der UmweltzieleII.7.11 Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung einer Zunahme der Verschmutzung der MeeresgewässerII.7.12 Zusammenfassung der festgelegten Maßnahmen

I]‘PS[S‘Yc\US\

?a] @B)RMMG Z]af‘Ydl]l af <jlac]d -- Qgj_YZ]f( fY[‘ \]f]f HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee] Ym^rmkl]dd]fkaf\( me \a] Ua]d] _]e|{ <jlac]d 0 RMMG rm ]jj]a[‘]f* A~j \a] AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] omj\] ]af kgd)[‘]k HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee _]e|{ <jlac]d -- @B)RMMG ]jkl]ddl* ?Yk Kjg_jYee akl Ym^ \]f Dfl]j)f]lk]al]f ooo*ojjd)en*\] n]j^~_ZYj*

?Yk HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee _adl ^~j \]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kr]aljYme ngf .,,5 Zak .,-1* Dff]j‘YdZngf \j]a EY‘j]f fY[‘ Q]j}^^]flda[‘mf_ \]k =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfk akl ]af Uoak[‘]fZ]ja[‘l eal ]af]j?Yjkl]ddmf_ \]j Agjlk[‘jall] ngjrmd]_]f( \a] Z]a \]j ?mj[‘^~‘jmf_ \]k _]hdYfl]f HY{fY‘e]fhjg)_jYeek ]jra]dl omj\]f $<jl* -1 <Zk* / @B)RMMG%* @af ]flkhj][‘]f\]j =]ja[‘l akl \]j @P)Fgeeakkagf\]efY[‘ ]jkleYdk .,-. rm ~Z]j_]Z]f*

Df \]f Yf \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] kaf\ rY‘dj]a[‘] HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]k UmklYf\k \]jB]o|kk]j ngj_]k]‘]f* ?a]k] HY{fY‘e]f ra]d]f Ym^ \a] @jj]a[‘mf_ ]af]k _ml]f UmklYf\k \]j B])o|kk]j YZ* Df \]f HY{fY‘e]fhdYfmf_]f kha]_]df ka[‘ afkZ]kgf\]j] \a] oa[‘la_]f RYkk]jZ]oajl)k[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f mf\ \a] \Yeal n]jZmf\]f]f ~Z]jj]_agfYd]f Peo]dlra]d] \]j Admkk_]Za]lk_])e]afk[‘Y^l oa\]j* Df Z]rm_ Ym^ JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j da]_l \]j N[‘o]jhmfcl Ym^ HY{fY‘e]f rmjM]\mra]jmf_ ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]j =]dYklmf_]f* R]al]j] N[‘o]jhmfcl] Zad\]f HY{fY‘e]f rmjM]\mra]jmf_ ngf =]dYklmf_]f Ymk \a^^mk]f Lm]dd]f* A~j \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j Z]af‘Ydl]l \Yk HY{fY‘)e]fhjg_jYee ngj Ydd]e <clanal|l]f rmj M]\mra]jmf_ ngf =]dYklmf_]f Ymk \a^^mk]f Lm]dd]f*

?a] HY{fY‘e]f o]j\]f ]af]f ]flk[‘]a\]f\]f =]aljY_ d]akl]f( \a] Ua]d] \]j RMMG rm ]jj]a[‘]f*Bjmf\dY_]f ^~j \a] A]kld]_mf_ ngf HY{fY‘e]f oYj]f \a] af FYhal]d . Z]k[‘ja]Z]f]f ka_fa^acYf)l]f =]dYklmf_]f( \]j af FYhal]d 0 \Yj_]kl]ddl] UmklYf\ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f) mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jkgoa] \a] \YjYmk YZ_]d]al]l]f( af FYhal]d 1 _]fYffl]f oYkk]jc}jh]jkh]ra^ak[‘]f Peo]dlra]d]*

?Yk HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee Z]af‘Ydl]l _jmf\d]_]f\] mf\ ]j_|fr]f\] HY{fY‘e]f* =]a \]f_jmf\d]_]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f ‘Yf\]dl ]k ka[‘ ae o]k]flda[‘]f me \a] j][‘lda[‘] mf\ af‘Ydlda[‘]Pek]lrmf_ Yf\]j]j _]e]afk[‘Y^lda[‘]j RYkk]jk[‘mlrngjk[‘ja^l]f af =mf\]k) mf\+g\]j GYf\]k)j][‘l* ?a]k kaf\ \a]b]fa_]f @B)Ma[‘ldafa]f( \a] ]af]f mfeall]dZYj]f =]rm_ rme RYkk]j ‘YZ]f mf\\]j]f Pek]lrmf_ \aj]cl \]j @jj]a[‘mf_ \]k _ml]f UmklYf\k Ydd]j B]o|kk]j \a]f]f kgdd* ?a] j]d])nYfl]f Ma[‘ldafa]f fY[‘ <f‘Yf_ QD( O]ad < \]j RMMG o]j\]f af FYhal]d 3*- _]fYffl* Ma[‘ldafa]f( \a]fY[‘ \]j Q]j}^^]flda[‘mf_ \]j RMMG ‘afrm_]cgee]f]f kaf\( omj\]f ]j_|frl*

?a] _jmf\d]_]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f Z]af‘Ydl]f \a] Haf\]klYf^gj\]jmf_]f Yf \]f B]o|kk]jk[‘mlrmf\ \a] B]o|kk]j]floa[cdmf_* Na] kaf\ _]f]j]dd ]j^gj\]jda[‘( fa[‘l fmj ^~j RYkk]jc}jh]j( \a] ]afPeo]dlra]d \]j RMMG fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘]f* ?a] _jmf\d]_]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f af a‘j]j j][‘lda[‘]f Pek]l)rmf_ o]j\]f af \]f FYhal]df 3*- Zak 3*4 ]jd|ml]jl*

86

?a] RMMG _]‘l \Yngf Ymk( \Ykk Ydd]af \mj[‘ \a] Pek]lrmf_ \]j _jmf\d]_]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f \a]Ua]d] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] af na]d]f A|dd]f fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘l o]j\]f c}ff]f* ?a]k lja^^l af Z]rm_ Ym^ \a] oa[‘la)_]f RYkk]jZ]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f rm( kg \Ykk af \]j HY{fY‘e]fhdYfmf_ ae o]k]flda[‘]f ]j_|f)r]f\] HY{fY‘e]f _]e|{ <f‘Yf_ QD( O]ad = RMMG ]j_ja^^]f o]j\]f( me \a] Peo]dlra]d] rm ]jj]a)[‘]f* ?Yrm _]‘}j]f rme ]af]f j][‘lda[‘]( Y\eafakljYlan] mf\ oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] Dfkljme]fl] mf\ rmeYf\]j]f _]e]afkYe eal B]o|kk]jfmlr]jf _]ljg^^]f] Q]j]afZYjmf_]f( AgjlZad\mf_keY{fY‘e]fg\]j =Ym) mf\ NYfa]jmf_kngj‘YZ]f*

@af] k[‘Yj^] Oj]ffmf_ roak[‘]f \]f _jmf\d]_]f\]f mf\ ]j_|fr]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f akl af na]d]fA|dd]f fa[‘l e}_da[‘ mf\ kha]dl ^~j \a] hjYclak[‘] Pek]lrmf_ \]k HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYeek c]af]Mgdd]*

Ngddl] ka[‘ o|‘j]f\ \]j Pek]lrmf_ \]k HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYeek Ym^_jmf\ \]j dYm^]f\]f zZ]joY)[‘mf_ ‘]jYmkkl]dd]f( \Ykk \a] ]j_ja^^]f]f _jmf\d]_]f\]f mf\ ]j_|fr]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f oa\]j@joYjl]f fa[‘l rmj @jj]a[‘mf_ \]j ^]kl_]d]_l]f Ua]d] ^~‘j]f( kaf\ o|‘j]f\ \]j GYm^r]al \]k ngjda])_]f\]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfk fY[‘ <jlac]d -- <ZkYlr 1 RMMG UmkYlreY{fY‘e]f rm ]j_j]a^]f $n_d*FYh* 3*5%*

9W\O\hWS‘c\U d]\ @Oo\OV[S\

?Yk @jj]a[‘]f \]j Peo]dlra]d] ae \]mlk[‘]f O]ad \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] \mj[‘ Pek]lrmf_ _jmf\)d]_]f\]j mf\ ]j_|fr]f\]j HY{fY‘e]f akl eal ]af]e k]‘j ‘g‘]f Fgkl]fYm^oYf\ n]jZmf\]f* ?a]^afYfra]dd]f =]dYklmf_]f rmj Pek]lrmf_ \]j @B)RMMG cmemda]j]f af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jfZ]kgf\]jk klYjc eal \]f rmk|lrda[‘]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f( \a] ka[‘ Ymk \]j AAC)MG ]j_]Z]f7 \]ff ]afZ]kgf\]j]j B]o|kk]jj]a[‘lme mf\ ]af k]‘j ‘g‘]j Ad|[‘]fYfl]ad Yf AAC)B]Za]l]f hj|_]f \YkGYf\*

Umj AafYfra]jmf_ ngf HY{fY‘e]f rmj Pek]lrmf_ \]j @B)RMMG o]j\]f afkZ]kgf\]j] Hall]d Ymk\]e @mjgh|ak[‘]f GYf\oajlk[‘Y^lk^gf\k ^~j \a] @floa[cdmf_ \]k G|f\da[‘]f MYme]k $@G@M% _])fmlrl* ?]f j][‘lda[‘]f MY‘e]f ‘a]j^~j k]lrl \a] Q]jgj\fmf_ $@B% -254+.,,1* ?a] Hall]dhdYfmf_ZYka]jl Ym^ ]af]e \j]aklm^a_]f KdYfmf_khjgr]kk( Yf_]^Yf_]f Z]a \]f kljYl]_ak[‘]f G]aldafa]f \]j@P( ~Z]j \a] ‘a]jYm^ Ym^k]lr]f\] fYlagfYd] NljYl]_a] \]j Hal_da]\klYYl]f Zak ‘af rm \]f @floa[c)dmf_khjg_jYee]f \]j =mf\]kd|f\]j( af \]f]f \a] b]o]adk rmj AafYfra]jmf_ ngj_]k]‘]f HY{fY‘)e]f Z]k[‘ja]Z]f o]j\]f*

Df \]f NljYl]_ak[‘]f G]aldafa]f \]j @P ^~j \]f Kjg_jYeer]aljYme .,,3 Zak .,-/ oaj\ Ym^ \]f =]a)ljY_ rmj Pek]lrmf_ ngf ]mjghYj][‘lda[‘]f Qgj_YZ]f oa] r* =* IYlmjY .,,, mf\ RMMG Ymk\j~[cda[‘‘af_]oa]k]f* A}j\]jeY{fY‘e]f rmj Pek]lrmf_ \]j RMMG dYkk]f ka[‘ afkZ]kgf\]j] af \]fN[‘o]jhmfclY[‘k]f . £Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]j Peo]dl mf\ \]j GYf\k[‘Y^l¢ mf\ / £G]Z]fkimYdal|l aed|f\da[‘]f MYme mf\ ?an]jka^ara]jmf_ \]j GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l¢ rmgj\f]f( \a] eal Haf\]klZm\_]lk ngf.1 " Zro* -, " \]k AafYfrjY‘e]fk rm Z]Ym^k[‘dY_]f kaf\* ?a] Kjg_jYee] kl]dd]f ]af]f r]fljYd]f=]klYf\l]ad \]j ro]al]f N|md] \]j @P)<_jYjhgdalac \Yj*

HY{fY‘e]f \]j B]e]afk[‘Y^lkYm^_YZ] rmj Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]j <_jYjkljmclmj mf\ \]k F~kl]fk[‘ml)r]k $B<F% Zad\]f \]f af‘Ydlda[‘]f F]jf \]j G|f\]jhjg_jYee]* ?a] ‘a]jaf ]fl‘Ydl]f]f HY{fY‘e]fc}ff]f \]f A}j\]j_jmf\k|lr]f \]j B<F ]flkhj][‘]f\ rmk|lrda[‘ fYlagfYd cg^afYfra]jl o]j\]f*?Yj~Z]j ‘afYmk o]j\]f Ym[‘ Ydd_]e]af] mf\ ro][c_]Zmf\]f] GYf\]keall]d( r* =* Ymk \]j <ZoYk)k]jYZ_YZ] mf\ \]e RYkk]j]flfY‘e]]fl_]dl n]jo]f\]l*

R|‘j]f\ eal \]f <_jYj)Peo]dleY{fY‘e]f $N[‘o]jhmfclY[‘k] .% ]af =]aljY_ rmj M]\mra]jmf_\]j I|‘jklg^^Ymklj|_] Ymk \]j GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l _]d]akl]l oaj\( \a]f]f \]j N[‘o]jhmfclY[‘k] / rm)_]gj\f]l] A}j\]jmf_]f \]j B]o|kk]j]floa[cdmf_( \]j =]‘]Zmf_ \]j egjh‘gdg_ak[‘]f ?]^aral]kgoa] \]j Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]j ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al* Hal \]j A}j\]jja[‘ldafa] ^~j B]o|kk]j mf\ A]m[‘ld])Z]fkj|me] oaj\ Ym^ ‘g‘] Nqf]j_a]f Z]a \]j Pek]lrmf_ \]j @B)RMMG mf\ AAC)MG _]k]lrl*

87

?a] AafYfra]jmf_ oYkk]joajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]j HY{fY‘e]f ]j^gd_l mfl]j =]j~[cka[‘la_mf_ ngf <jlac]d 5<ZkYlr - RMMG rmj ?][cmf_ \]j Fgkl]f Ymk RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f*

I]‘USh]US\S @Oo\OV[S\

=]j]alk ngj mf\ k]al DfcjY^llj]l]f \]j @B)RMMG ‘Yl af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf \]j B]o|kk]j)k[‘mlr ]af] Z]kgf\]j] Mgdd] _]kha]dl* Ng omj\]f afl]fkan] <fklj]f_mf_]f rmj Pek]lrmf_ \]jFgeemfYdYZoYkk]jja[‘ldafa] mfl]jfgee]f mf\ Ym[‘ kg _]fYffl] ngj_]rg_]f] HY{fY‘e]f]af_]d]al]l( me \a] Ua]d] \]j @B)RMMG ^jakl_]j][‘l rm ]jj]a[‘]f* Ca]jZ]a ‘Yf\]dl ]k ka[‘ afkZ]kgf)\]j] me HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]j <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_( rmj C]jkl]ddmf_ \]j ?mj[‘_|f)_a_c]al kgoa] HY{fY‘e]f rmj fYlmjfY‘]f B]o|kk]j]floa[cdmf_ mf\ rmj M]\mra]jmf_ ngf I|‘j)klg^^]aflj|_]f af \a] B]o|kk]j* @af o]al]j]j N[‘o]jhmfcl oYj \a] M]\mra]jmf_ \]j =]dYklmf_ Ymk<dldYkl]f*

<<&/&) @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ H[aSbhc\U RS‘ US[SW\aQVOTbZWQVS\ JOaaS‘aQVcbhd]‘%aQV‘WTbS\

?a] Dehd]e]fla]jmf_ \]j _jmf\d]_]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f fY[‘ <jlac]d -- <ZkYlr / Y% mf\ <f‘Yf_ QDO]ad < RMMG af =mf\]k) Zro* GYf\]kj][‘l akl \]lYadda]jl ae HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee Ym^_]dakl]l $k*<fdY_] . rme HIK%* Ca]jZ]a ‘Yf\]dl ]k ka[‘ me Ydd] HY{fY‘e]f rmj Pek]lrmf_ \]j af <f‘Yf_ QDO]ad < @B)RMMG _]fYffl]f @B¡Ma[‘ldafa]f

i) Ma[‘ldafa] ~Z]j =Y\]_]o|kk]j $32+-2,+@RB%(ii) Qg_]dk[‘mlrja[‘ldafa] $35+0,5+@RB%(iii) OjafcoYkk]jja[‘ldafa] $4,+334+@RB% af \]j \mj[‘ \a] Ma[‘ldafa] 54+4/+@B _]|f\]jl]f AYk)

kmf_(iv) Ma[‘ldafa] ~Z]j k[‘o]j] Pf^|dd] $N]n]kgja[‘ldafa]% $52+4.+@B%(v) Ma[‘ldafa] ~Z]j \a] Peo]dln]jlj|_da[‘c]alkhj~^mf_ $41+//3+@RB%(vi) Ma[‘ldafa] ~Z]j Fd|jk[‘dYee $42+.34+@RB%(vii) Ma[‘ldafa] ~Z]j \a] =]‘Yf\dmf_ ngf cgeemfYd]e <ZoYkk]j $5-+.3-+@RB%(viii) Ma[‘ldafa] ~Z]j K^dYfr]fk[‘mlreall]d $5-+0-0+@RB%(ix) IaljYlja[‘ldafa] $5-+232+@RB%(x) CYZalYlja[‘ldafa] $5.+0/+@RB%(xi) Ma[‘ldafa] ~Z]j \a] afl]_ja]jl] Q]je]a\mf_ mf\ Q]jeaf\]jmf_ \]j Peo]dln]jk[‘emlrmf_

$.,,4+-+@B%

]afk[‘da]{da[‘ \]j fY[‘ <jlac]d -2 RMMG af \]j =]jYlmf_ Z]^af\da[‘]f £Ma[‘ldafa] \]k @mjgh|ak[‘]fKYjdYe]flk mf\ \]k MYl]k ~Z]j Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f ae =]j]a[‘ \]j RYkk]jhgdalac mf\ rmj xf)\]jmf_ \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B¢ $Kjagjal|j] Nlg^^]%*

R]al]j‘af kaf\ M]_]dmf_]f ae RYkk]j‘Ymk‘Ydlk_]k]lr]k $RCB%( xf\]jmf_ \]k GYf\]koYkk]j_])k]lr]k H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf mf\ \mj[‘ \]f @jdYkk ]flkhj][‘]f\]j M][‘lkn]jgj\fmf_]f*R]al]j‘af kaf\ M]_]dmf_]f afk =mf\]k)Deeakkagfkk[‘mlr_]k]lr( afk Fj]akdYm^oajlk[‘Y^lk) mf\ <Z)^Ydd_]k]lr( afk <ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ]f_]k]lr( afk B]k]lr ~Z]j \a] Peo]dln]jlj|_da[‘c]alkhj~^mf_( afkK^dYfr]fk[‘mlr_]k]lr( afk =mf\]kfYlmjk[‘mlr_]k]lr( afk =mf\]k)=g\]fk[‘mlr) mf\ <dldYkl]f_]k]lrmf\ \a] ]flkhj][‘]f\] Q]jgj\fmf_( af \a] OjafcoYkk]jn]jgj\fmf_( \a] <ZoYkk]jn]jgj\fmf_( \a]<ZoYkk]j‘]jcmf^lkn]jgj\fmf_( \a] ?~f_]n]jgj\fmf_( \a] Fd|jk[‘dYeen]jgj\fmf_( \a] Nl}j^Ydd)n]jgj\fmf_ mf\ \a] Q]jgj\fmf_ rmj Pek]lrmf_ \]j Ma[‘ldafa] ~Z]j \]f N[‘mlr \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk_]_]f Q]jk[‘emlrmf_ \mj[‘ Z]klaeel] _]^|‘jda[‘] Nlg^^] $4,+24+@RB% kgoa] af ]flkhj][‘]f\]dYf\]kj][‘lda[‘] M]_]dmf_]f ]fl‘Ydl]f*

R]al]j] _jmf\d]_]f\] HY{fY‘e]f _]e|{ <jlac]d -- <ZkYlr / Z% Zak d% RMMG ^af\]f ka[‘ l]ado]ak]af \]f ]jo|‘fl]f Ma[‘ldafa]f oa]\]j* Umj f|‘]j]f ?]^afalagf ]afr]df]j KjgZd]eZ]j]a[‘] o]j\]f\a]k] HY{fY‘e]f Ymk \]e Fgfl]pl ~Z]j_j]a^]f\]j mf\ Ydd_]e]af_~dla_]j Ma[‘ldafa]f ‘]jYmk_])fgee]f mf\ kaf\ af \]f FYhal]df 3*. Zak 3*4 f|‘]j Z]k[‘ja]Z]f*

88

5WaVS‘WUS H[aSbhc\U U‘c\RZSUS\RS‘ @Oo\OV[S\ W\ RS‘ 9ZcaaUSPWSbaSW\VSWb

<fklj]f_mf_]f rme N[‘mlr mf\ rmj Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]j LmYdal|l \]j B]o|kk]j kgoa] ]flkhj][‘]f\]j][‘lda[‘] M]_]dmf_]f ‘YZ]f af \]j \]mlk[‘]f RYkk]joajlk[‘Y^l ]af] dYf_] OjY\alagf mf\ omj\]feal \]e DfcjY^llj]l]f \]j RMMG Ye ..*-.*.,,, o]al]j ^gjl_]^~‘jl* Qgj mf\ k]al \]e DfcjY^llj]l]f\]j @B)RMMG kaf\ ]af] M]a‘] ngf _jmf\d]_]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f rmj @af‘Ydlmf_ \]j @mjgh|ak[‘]fMa[‘ldafa]f Z]j]alk me_]k]lrl ogj\]f* DfkZ]kgf\]j] \a] <f^gj\]jmf_]f \]j FgeemfYdYZoYkk]j)ja[‘ldafa] $5-+.3-+@RB% kaf\ af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf me_]k]lrl*

@Oo\OV[S\ W\ FQVcbhUSPWSbS\

A~j \a] mfl]j \]f _]e]afk[‘Y^lda[‘]f RYkk]jk[‘mlrngjk[‘ja^l]f Ymk_]oa]k]f]f N[‘mlr_]Za]l]f$=Y\]_]o|kk]j( IYlmjY .,,,( OjafcoYkk]jk[‘mlr_]Za]l]( f|‘jklg^^k]fkaZd] mf\ ]eh^af\da[‘] B]Za])l]% oaj\ b]o]adk ae MY‘e]f \]j HY{fY‘e]fhdYfmf_ _]hj~^l( gZ \a] b]o]ada_]f _]Za]lkkh]ra^ak[‘]fN[‘mlrra]d] rm \]f Peo]dlra]d]f \]j RMMG _d]a[‘_]ja[‘l]l kaf\ mf\ afoa]^]jf Nqf]j_a]]^^]cl]_]fmlrl o]j\]f c}ff]f* ?a]k ]j^gd_l af \]f G|f\]jf \mj[‘ <Zklaeemf_ eal \]f b]o]adk rmkl|f\a)_]f AY[‘Z]‘}j\]f*

HY{fY‘e]f( \a] hgkalan Ym^ Yf\]j] N[‘mlrra]d] oajc]f( kaf\ af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk_]e]afk[‘Y^l afk)Z]kgf\]j]

· \a] Dfalaa]jmf_ Zro* \Yk UmdYkk]f \]j @a_]f]floa[cdmf_ ngf Ada]{_]o|kk]jf(

· \a] Ra]\]j‘]jkl]ddmf_ \]k _]o|kk]jlqhak[‘]f <Z^dmkkn]j‘Ydl]fk(

· \a] C]jkl]ddmf_ \]j daf]Yj]f ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al(

· \a] M]\mra]jmf_ ngf hYjlac]d_]Zmf\]f]f N[‘Y\klg^^]aflj|_]f mf\ \]j N[‘Y\klg^^Z]dYk)lmf_ ngf N]\ae]fl]f(

· \a] CYZalYln]jZ]kk]jmf_ ae B]o|kk]j) mf\ P^]jZ]j]a[‘ ngf JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jf(

· \a] M]\mra]jmf_ ngf \]j I|‘jklg^^) mf\ K^dYfr]fk[‘mlreall]d]aflj|_] Ymk \]j GYf\Z]oajl)k[‘Y^lmf_(

· \a] M]\mra]jmf_ ngf RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f Ymk JZ]j^d|[‘]f) mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]j*

=]a \]j =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_ ngf Bjmf\) mf\ JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]jf( \a] af ]af]e IYlmjY .,,,)B]Za]l da]_]f( o]j\]f \a] HY{fY‘e]f eal \]f b]o]ada_]f @j‘Ydlmf_k) mf\ @floa[cdmf_kra]d]fafkZ]kgf\]j] ^~j oYkk]j_]Zmf\]f] <jl]f mf\ G]Z]fkj|me] eal \]f IYlmjk[‘mlrZ]‘}j\]f YZ_])klaeel* ?a] zZ]joY[‘mf_ \]k @j‘Ydlmf_krmklYf\k \]j af \]f IYlmjY .,,, ngjcgee]f\]f <jl]fmf\ G]Z]fkj|me] ]j^gd_l \mj[‘ Yf \a] b]o]ada_]f =]\af_mf_]f Yf_]hYkkl] zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg)_jYee]*

<<&/&* C‘OYbWaQVS\ FQV‘WbbS c\R @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ 4\eS\Rc\U RSa :‘c\RaObhSahc‘ 7SQYc\U RS‘ >]abS\ d]\ JOaaS‘RWS\abZSWabc\US\

?]j Bjmf\kYlr \]j ?][cmf_ \]j Fgkl]f \]j RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ meo]dl) mf\j]kkgmj[]fZ]rg_]f]j Fgkl]f _]e|{ <jlac]d 5 RMMG kgdd ]af]f =]aljY_ rmj Q]joajcda[‘mf_ \]j Pe)o]dlra]d] d]akl]f* ?a] Pek]lrmf_ \]k Fgkl]f\][cmf_k_jmf\kYlr]k _]‘}jl rm \]f _jmf\d]_]f\]fHY{fY‘e]f*

?a] <f^gj\]jmf_ \]j @B)RMMG rmj =]j~[cka[‘la_mf_ \]k Fgkl]f\][cmf_khjafrahk akl af \]j AB@RYjfgo+K]]f] \mj[‘ \a] @j‘]Zmf_ ngf B]Z~‘j]f mf\ n]jk[‘a]\]f]j }cgfgeak[‘]j <fj]araf)kljme]fl] $<ZoYkk]jYZ_YZ]( RYkk]j]flfY‘e]YZ_YZ]f% YZ_]_gdl]f* ?a] B]o|kk]jfmlr]j ]flja[‘)l]f \a] RYkk]jfmlrmf_kYZ_YZ]f ]flkhj][‘]f\ a‘j]k RYkk]jn]jZjYm[‘]k ~Z]j \a] RYkk]jn]jkgj)_mf_kmfl]jf]‘e]f g\]j \a] Oj|_]j \]j <ZoYkk]jZ]‘Yf\dmf_kYfdY_]f Yf \a] ^~j \a] rmkl|f\a_]

89

=]‘}j\]* ?a] =]‘}j\] k]lrl \a] Hall]d \Yff oa]\]j ro][c_]Zmf\]f ^~j \]f @j‘Ydl g\]j \a] Q]jZ]k)k]jmf_ \]k B]o|kk]jrmklYf\k ]af*

?Yk Kjafrah \]j Fgkl]f\][cmf_ oaj\ ae FgeemfYdYZ_YZ]f_]k]lr H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf* ?YkZ]\]ml]l( \a] @affY‘e]f ]af]j <Zj][‘fmf_kh]jag\] ¡ af \]j M]_]d \Yk FYd]f\]jbY‘j ¡ e~kk]f \a]Fgkl]f ^~j \]f =]lja]Z \]j RYkk]jn]j) mf\ <ZoYkk]j]flkgj_mf_k]afja[‘lmf_]f \][c]f* Bd]a[‘r]a)la_ Z]kl]‘l YZ]j Ym[‘ ]af Fgkl]f~Z]jk[‘j]almf_kn]jZgl* @k \~j^]f Ydkg fa[‘l e]‘j @affY‘e]f ]j)ra]dl o]j\]f Ydk rmj <Z\][cmf_ \]j =]lja]Zkcgkl]f ]j^gj\]jda[‘ kaf\* ?a]k] Bjmf\k|lr] _]dl]f mf)YZ‘|f_a_ \Yngf( gZ =]fmlrmf_k_]Z~‘j]f g\]j hjanYlj][‘lda[‘] @fl_]dl] ]j‘gZ]f o]j\]f* R]ad Z]a\]f ae QgjYmk rm cYdcmda]j]f\]f =]fmlrmf_k_]Z~‘j]f af ]af]e fa[‘l _]jaf_]f Pe^Yf_ eal N[‘|l)rmf_]f kgog‘d Z]a \]f ngjYmkka[‘lda[‘]f Fgkl]f Ydk Ym[‘ Z]a \]f oY‘jk[‘]afda[‘]f <ZoYkk]j)e]f_]f _]YjZ]al]l o]j\]f emkk( lgd]ja]jl \a] M][‘lkhj][‘mf_ _]jaf_^~_a_] Fgkl]f~Z]jk[‘j]a)lmf_]f Zak rm ]af]e _]oakk]f BjY\]* ?a] <m^_YZ]flj|_]j ‘YZ]f ]af] Fgkl]f~Z]j) g\]j Pfl]j\])[cmf_ af \]f Agd_]bY‘j]f Ymkrm_d]a[‘]f* ?a] RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_kmfl]jf]‘e]f mf\ YZoYkk]jZ])k]ala_mf_kh^da[‘la_] F}jh]jk[‘Y^l]f mfl]jda]_]f \]j FgeemfYdYm^ka[‘l*

<<&/&+ @Oo\OV[S\ O\ :SepaaS‘\ hc‘ 8\b\OV[S d]\ G‘W\YeOaaS‘

HY{fY‘e]f rme @jj]a[‘]f \]j <f^gj\]jmf_]f fY[‘ <jlac]d 3 @B)RMMG ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ \]j HY{)fY‘e]f rme N[‘mlr \]j RYkk]jimYdal|l( me \]f Z]a \]j B]oaffmf_ ngf OjafcoYkk]j ]j^gj\]jda)[‘]f Pe^Yf_ \]j <m^Z]j]almf_ rm n]jjaf_]jf( Z]af‘Ydl]f ae Fgfl]pl \]k <jlac]d -- <ZkYlr /=m[‘kl* \ @B)RMMG d]\a_da[‘ \a] _jmf\d]_]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f*

?]j Qgddrm_ \]j Ym^ \]j Bjmf\dY_]

· \]k B]k]lr]k rmj Q]j‘~lmf_ mf\ =]c|eh^mf_ ngf Df^]clagfkcjYfc‘]al]f Z]ae H]fk[‘]f$df^]clagfkk[‘mlr_]k]lr ¡ D^NB% nge .,* Emda .,,, $=B=d* D N* -,01%( rmd]lrl _]|f\]jl \mj[‘<jlac]d 2 \]k B]k]lr]k nge .,* Emda .,,3 $=B=d* D N* -130% mf\

· \]k B]k]lr]k ~Z]j \]f Q]jc]‘j eal G]Z]fkeall]df( OYZYc]jr]m_fakk]f( cgke]lak[‘]f Hal)l]df mf\ kgfkla_]f =]\Yj^k_]_]fkl|f\]f $G]Z]fkeall]d) mf\ =]\Yj^k_]_]fkl|f\]_]k]lr ¡GH=B% af \]j AYkkmf_ \]j =]cYffleY[‘mf_ nge 5* N]hl]eZ]j -553 $=B=d* - N* ..52%( rm)d]lrl _]|f\]jl \mj[‘ <jlac]d -5 \]k B]k]lr]k nge .-* Emfa .,,1 $=B=d* D N* -4-4%

]jdYkk]f]f Q]jgj\fmf_ rmj Ign]dda]jmf_ \]j OjafcoYkk]jn]jgj\fmf_ nge .-* HYa .,,- $=B=d* D N*515% kl]ddl f]Z]f \]j @af‘Ydlmf_ \]j _]e|{ <jlac]d -2 @B)RMMG Ym^ B]e]afk[‘Y^lk]Z]f] ^]kl_])d]_l]f LmYdal|lkfgje]f ka[‘]j( \Ykk \Yk _]ogff]f] RYkk]j mfl]j =]j~[cka[‘la_mf_ \]k Yf_])oYf\l]f RYkk]jYm^Z]j]almf_kn]j^Y‘j]fk mf\ _]e|{ \]e B]e]afk[‘Y^lkj][‘l Ym[‘ \a] <f^gj\])jmf_]f \]j Ma[‘ldafa] 4,+334+@RB af \]j \mj[‘ \a] Ma[‘ldafa] 54+4/+@B _]|f\]jl]f AYkkmf_ ]j^~ddl*

?]j ^d|[‘]f\][c]f\] N[‘mlr ngf JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jf mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]j fY[‘ ss .2 mf\ /0RCB kgj_l ^~j \]f ]j^gj\]jda[‘]f N[‘mlr \]j ]jeall]dl]f RYkk]jc}jh]j( Ymk \]f]f OjafcoYkk]j]flfgee]f oaj\( me ]af] Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_ a‘j]j LmYdal|l rm n]j‘af\]jf mf\ kg \]f ^~j \a] B])oaffmf_ ngf OjafcoYkk]j ]j^gj\]jda[‘]f Pe^Yf_ \]j <m^Z]j]almf_ rm n]jjaf_]jf* ?a] fY[‘ s -5RCB Ymk_]oa]k]f]f RYkk]jk[‘mlr_]Za]l] mf\ \a] Ymk^~‘j]f\]f mf\ ]j_|fr]f\]f M][‘lkngj)k[‘ja^l]f \]k GYf\]k H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf ^~j \a]k] B]Za]l] k[‘~lr]f \a] @afrm_k_]Za]l] \]jRYkk]j]flfY‘e]YfdY_]f* ?a]k] fY[‘ s -5 RCB ^]kl_]k]lrl]f RYkk]jk[‘mlr_]Za]l] Z]kalr]f Z]acgfcmjja]j]f\]f ‘g‘]alda[‘]f KdYfmf_]f ]af] ‘g‘] Kjagjal|l*

?a] fY[‘ s -5 RCB Ym^ \]j Bjmf\dY_] Zmf\]k]af‘]alda[‘]j AY[‘klYf\Yj\k $r* =* ?QBR .,,2% Ymk)_]oa]k]f]f RYkk]jk[‘mlr_]Za]l] o]j\]f af \]j M]_]d af mfl]jk[‘a]\da[‘] N[‘mlrrgf]f ]af_]l]adl(af \]f]f Z]klaeel]( \a] LmYdal|l mf\ LmYflal|l \]k RYkk]jk f]_Ylan Z]]af^dmkk]f\] CYf\dmf_]ffa[‘l rm_]dYkk]f g\]j ]af_]k[‘j|fcl kaf\* De IY‘Z]j]a[‘ \]j RYkk]j_]oaffmf_kYfdY_]f kgoa] afYdd]f =]j]a[‘]f \]k @afrm_k_]Za]lk( og \]j Pfl]j_jmf\ kg ]eh^af\da[‘ akl( \Ykk \]j Ydd_]e]af]B]o|kk]jk[‘mlr fa[‘l e]‘j Ymkj]a[‘l( me jakacgZ]‘Y^l]l] CYf\dmf_]f g\]j @afja[‘lmf_]f rm mf)l]jZaf\]f( kaf\ o]al]j_]‘]f\] Imlrmf_kZ]k[‘j|fcmf_]f fglo]f\a_* ?a]k] Z]kgf\]j]f <f^gj\])

90

jmf_]f o]j\]f ^~j b]\]k RYkk]jk[‘mlr_]Za]l ae R]_] ]af]j kh]ra]dd _]klYdl]l]f M][‘lkn]jgj\fmf_\mj[‘ \a] <mko]akmf_ ]af]k RYkk]jk[‘mlr_]Za]lk n]jZaf\da[‘* ?Yeal oaj\ Ym[‘ _]e|{ <jl* 3 <Zk* /@B)RMMG ^~j \]f ]j^gj\]jda[‘]f N[‘mlr _]kgj_l( me ]af] Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_ \]j RYkk]jimYdal|l rmn]j‘af\]jf mf\ \]f ^~j \a] B]oaffmf_ ngf OjafcoYkk]j ]j^gj\]jda[‘]f Pe^Yf_ \]j <m^Z]j]almf_rm n]jjaf_]jf* ?a] RYkk]jk[‘mlr_]Za]l] ]flkhj][‘]f \]f N[‘mlr_]Za]l]f $kY^]_mYj\rgf]k% fY[‘\]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,2+--4+@B( @jo|_mf_ Ij* -1* ?a]k] RYkk]jk[‘mlr_]Za]l] kaf\ af \]j >O‘bS - $FYj)l]fYf‘Yf_% rmk|lrda[‘ rm \]f RYkk]jc}jh]jf fY[‘ <jl* 3 <Zk* - @B)RMMG \Yj_]kl]ddl*

?a] Kj~^mf_ \]j @af‘Ydlmf_ \]j af \]f RYkk]jk[‘mlr_]Za]lkn]jgj\fmf_]f ^]kl_]k]lrl]f Q]j) mf\B]Zgl] ]j^gd_l \mj[‘ \a] zZ]joY[‘mf_kZ]‘}j\]f af Fggh]jYlagf eal \]e b]o]ada_]f RYkk]jn]j)kgj_]j*

@j_|fr]f\ \Yrm o]j\]f \a] rmkl|f\a_]f =]‘}j\]f \mj[‘ £@eh^]‘dmf_]f \]k Peo]dlZmf\]kYe)l]k fY[‘ <f‘}jmf_ \]j OjafcoYkk]jcgeeakkagf Z]ae Peo]dlZmf\]kYel¢ af \]f AjY_]f \]jOjafcoYkk]j‘q_a]f] Z]jYl]f* =]akha]d] ‘a]j^~j kaf\6 £HY{fY‘e]o]jl] ^~j Nlg^^] ae OjafcoYkk]jo|‘j]f\ Z]^jakl]l]j Bj]fro]jl)zZ]jk[‘j]almf_]f $=mf\]k_]kmf\‘]alkZdYll 4+.,,/( N* 3,3)3-,%¢g\]j £=]o]jlmf_ \]j <fo]k]f‘]al l]ad) g\]j fa[‘l Z]o]jlZYj]j Nlg^^] ae OjafcoYkk]j Ymk _]kmf\)‘]alda[‘]j Na[‘l $=mf\]k_]kmf\‘]alkZdYll /+.,,/( N* .05).1-%¢*

B]Za]l]( \a] \]j OjafcoYkk]j_]oaffmf_ rm_]^~‘jl o]j\]f kgdd]f $RYkk]jngjjYf__]Za]l] Zro* Qgj)Z]‘Ydlk_]Za]l] rmj RYkk]j_]oaffmf_% c}ff]f rmj Qgjkgj_] af GYf\]k]floa[cdmf_khd|f]f ^]kl_])d]_l o]j\]f*

<<&/&, 5SU‘S\hc\US\ W\ PShcU OcT RWS 8\b\OV[S ]RS‘ 4cTabOcc\U d]\ JOaaS‘

@Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ 5SU‘S\hc\U RS‘ 5S\cbhc\U d]\ :SepaaS‘\ US[po i * J;:

IY[‘ \]e RCB mfl]jda]_l ]af] Qa]drY‘d ngf B]o|kk]jZ]fmlrmf_]f \]j klYYlda[‘]f B]klYllmf_k)h^da[‘l* ?a] @flfY‘e] ngf JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]j mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]j kgoa] \a] <m^klYmmf_ ngf JZ]j)^d|[‘]foYkk]j kl]dd]f =]fmlrmf_]f ae Naff] \]k s / RCB \Yj mf\ kl]‘]f _]e|{ s . RCB mfl]j@jdYmZfak) mf\ =]oadda_mf_k]j^gj\]jfak* Ca]jrm r|‘d]f6

· @flfY‘e]f mf\ <Zd]al]f ngf RYkk]j Ymk gZ]jaj\ak[‘]f B]o|kk]jf(

· <m^klYm]f mf\ <Zk]fc]f ngf gZ]jaj\ak[‘]f B]o|kk]jf(

· @flfY‘e]f ^]kl]j Nlg^^] Ymk gZ]jaj\ak[‘]f B]o|kk]jf( kgo]al \a]k Ym^ \]f UmklYf\ \]kB]o|kk]jk g\]j Ym^ \]f RYkk]jYZ^dmkk ]afoajcl(

· @afZjaf_]f mf\ @afd]al]f ngf Nlg^^]f af gZ]jaj\ak[‘] B]o|kk]j(

· @afZjaf_]f mf\ @afd]al]f ngf Nlg^^]f af F~kl]f_]o|kk]j(

· @afd]al]f ngf Nlg^^]f af \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j(

· @flfY‘e]f( UmlY_]^}j\]jf( UmlY_]d]al]f mf\ <Zd]al]f ngf Bjmf\oYkk]j*

?a] @jdYmZfak mf\ \a] =]oadda_mf_ c}ff]f _]e|{ s 0 RCB mfl]j A]klk]lrmf_ ngf =]fmlrmf_kZ])\af_mf_]f mf\ <m^dY_]f ]jl]adl o]j\]f* ?mj[‘ <m^dY_]f c}ff]f afkZ]kgf\]j] HY{fY‘e]f Yf_])gj\f]l o]j\]f( \a] rme <mk_d]a[‘ ]af]j Ym^ \a] =]fmlrmf_ rmj~[crm^~‘j]f\]f =]]aflj|[‘la_mf_\]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f mf\ [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\]k ]af]k gZ]jaj\ak[‘]f B]o|kk]jk g\]j F~kl]f_]o|k)k]jk kgoa] \]k e]f_]fe|{a_]f mf\ [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\]k \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk ]j^gj\]jda[‘ kaf\*R]al]j‘af c}ff]f HY{fY‘e]f rmj =]gZY[‘lmf_ g\]j rmj A]klkl]ddmf_ \]k UmklYf\]k ngj \]j =])fmlrmf_ mf\ ngf =]]aflj|[‘la_mf_]f mf\ fY[‘l]ada_]f Rajcmf_]f \mj[‘ \a] =]fmlrmf_ Yf_]gj\)f]l o]j\]f*

De GYf\]koYkk]j_]k]lr H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf akl \a] j]_]de|{a_] zZ]jhj~^mf_ mf\ <fhYk)kmf_ \]j @jdYmZfakk] mf\ =]oadda_mf_]f _]j]_]dl $s -.0_ GRYB%* Umj zZ]jka[‘l mf\ rme IY[‘o]ak

91

_]ljg^^]f]j oYkk]jj][‘lda[‘]j @flk[‘]a\mf_]f mf\ Z]kl]‘]f\]j M][‘lkn]j‘|dlfakk] oaj\ ]af RYk)k]jZm[‘ $M]_akl]j% ^~j \a] B]o|kk]j _]^~‘jl*

Umk|lrda[‘ rm \]f HY{fY‘e]f rmj =]_j]frmf_ \]j =]fmlrmf_ ngf B]o|kk]jf _]e|{ s . RCBo]j\]f o]al]j] M]_]dmf_]f rmj @flfY‘e] ngf Bjmf\) mf\ JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]j _]ljg^^]f* ?a]kZ]af‘Ydl]l af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] \a] @j‘]Zmf_ ]af]k RYkk]j]flfY‘e]]fl_]dl]k* ?Yk @fl_]dlZ]eakkl ka[‘ fY[‘ C]jcmf^l( H]f_] mf\ Q]jo]f\mf_kro][c \]k RYkk]jk* HY{_]Zda[‘ ^~j k]af]C}‘] akl kgog‘d \a] @afoajcmf_ Ym^ \]f RYkk]j‘Ymk‘Ydl mf\ \Yk Z]Yfkhjm[‘l] B]o|kk]j Ydk Ym[‘\]j oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] Imlr]f af^gd_] \]j B]o|kk]jZ]fmlrmf_*

@Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ 5SU‘S\hc\U RS‘ 8\b\OV[S ]RS‘ 4cTabOcc\U d]\ BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘

Qgf <mkfY‘e]f ngf \]f =]_j]frmf_]f fY[‘ <jlac]d -- $/% ]% RMMG ^~j \Yk ngj~Z]j_]‘]f\] @fl)f]‘e]f ngf RYkk]j Ymk ]af]e B]o|kk]j oaj\ Ymkk[‘da]{da[‘ \Yff B]ZjYm[‘ _]eY[‘l( o]ff \Y)\mj[‘ c]af] ka_fa^acYfl]f <mkoajcmf_]f Ym^ \]f RYkk]jrmklYf\ ]flkl]‘]f* B]j]_]dl akl \a]k af s-3Y RCB* Ca]jZ]a ‘Yf\]dl ]k ka[‘ me =Y_Yl]dd^|dd]( \a] \]j rmkl|f\a_]f RYkk]jZ]‘}j\] Yfrmr]a_]fkaf\*

@Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ 5SU‘S\hc\U RS‘ 8\b\OV[S c\R Yr\abZWQVS‘ 4\‘SWQVS‘c\U d]\ :‘c\ReOaaS‘

HY{fY‘e]f rmj =]_j]frmf_ \]j @flfY‘e] mf\ c~fklda[‘]j <fj]a[‘]jmf_ ngf Bjmf\oYkk]j kaf\af \]f ngj_]fYffl]f Kmfcl]f HY{fY‘e]f rmj =]_j]frmf_ \]j =]fmlrmf_ ngf B]o|kk]jf _]e|{s . RCB mf\ o]al]j] M]_]dmf_]f Z]j]alk Z]k[‘ja]Z]f* ?Yj~Z]j ‘afYmk kl]ddl \Yk B]k]lr ~Z]j \a]Peo]dln]jlj|_da[‘c]alkhj~^mf_ $PQK% ka[‘]j( \Ykk Z]a Bjmf\oYkk]j]flfY‘e]f _j}{]j -, Hag*ev+EY‘j \a] eall]dZYj]f mf\ mfeall]dZYj]f <mkoajcmf_]f Ym^ \a] Peo]dl ^j~‘r]ala_ ]jeall]dl Z])k[‘ja]Z]f mf\ Z]o]jl]l o]j\]f* ?a]k] =]o]jlmf_ oaj\ Z]a \]j @flk[‘]a\mf_ \]j Umd|kka_c]al Z])j~[cka[‘la_l mf\ ]k o]j\]f __ *̂ HY{fY‘e]f ^]kl_]k[‘ja]Z]f( eal \]f]f ]j‘]Zda[‘] fY[‘l]ada_]Peo]dlYmkoajcmf_]f n]jea]\]f( n]jeaf\]jl g\]j Ymk_]_da[‘]f o]j\]f c}ff]f*

<<&/&- 5SU‘S\hc\US\ Tr‘ 8W\ZSWbc\US\ rPS‘ Cc\Yb_cSZZS\ c\R a]\abWUSGpbWUYSWbS\ [Wb 4caeW‘Yc\US\ OcT RS\ LcabO\R RSa :‘c\ReOaaS‘a

=]_j]frmf_]f ngf @afd]almf_]f ~Z]j Kmfclim]dd]f af \Yk JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]j mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jo]j\]f \mj[‘ \Yk @jdYmZfak) mf\ =]oadda_mf_k]j^gj\]jfak fY[‘ s . RCB _]j]_]dl* @af] Ymk^~‘jda[‘]=]k[‘j]aZmf_ ]j^gd_l] Z]j]alk ngj‘]j_]‘]f\]f FYhal]d

R]al]j] _jmf\d]_]f\] <f^gj\]jmf_]f Yf \a] =]_j]frmf_ ngf @afd]almf_]f Ymk Kmfclim]dd]f _])e|{ <jlac]d -- $/% _% mf\ a% @B)RMMG ]j_]Z]f ka[‘ Ymk s 3Y RCB* ?a] \gjl _]j]_]dl] Q]jh^da[‘lmf_rmj @af‘Ydlmf_ ngf Haf\]klYf^gj\]jmf_]f Yf \Yk @afd]al]f ngf <ZoYkk]j af Q]jZaf\mf_ eal \]j<ZoYkk]jn]jgj\fmf_ $<ZoQ% ]j_aZl <f^gj\]jmf_]f( \a] Z]a \]j @jl]admf_ ]af]j @jdYmZfak ^~j \Yk@afd]al]f ngf <ZoYkk]j af B]o|kk]j Ymk \]f af \]f <f‘|f_]f \]j <ZoQ Z]klaeel]f C]jcmf^lkZ])j]a[‘]f eaf\]kl]fk ^]klrmk]lr]f kaf\*

Hal Q]jo]ak kgog‘d Ym^ \a] Z]j]alk Ym^_]^~‘jl] Ma[‘ldafa] 4,+24+@RB( \a] \mj[‘ \a] Bjmf\oYkk]j)n]jgj\fmf_ af \]mlk[‘]k M][‘l me_]k]lrl ogj\]f akl( Ydk Ym[‘ Ym^ \a] Ma[‘ldafa] .,,2+--4+@B Z])kl]‘]f _jmf\k|lrda[‘] M]_]dmf_]f rm HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]j‘af\]jmf_ g\]j =]_j]frmf_ \]k @af)ljY_k ngf N[‘Y\klg^^]f af \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j*

?a] Ma[‘ldafa] .,,2+--4+@B faeel ‘a]jZ]a \a]b]fa_]f N[‘Y\klg^^]aflj|_] ngf \]f _jmf\k|lrda[‘]fM]_]dmf_]f Ymk( \a] \a] Agd_] ngf _]e|{ <jlac]d -- $/% b% RMMG _]klYll]l]f \aj]cl]f @afd]almf_]fkaf\ $<mkfY‘e]f%* ?a] af <jlac]d -- $/% b% RMMG Ym^_]^~‘jl]f <mkfY‘e]f ngf \]e Q]jZgl ]af]j\aj]cl]f @afd]almf_ ngf N[‘Y\klg^^]f af \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j c}ff]f ae @afr]d^Ydd rm_]dYkk]f o]j\]f(o]ff \a] Z]YZka[‘la_l] @afd]almf_ af \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j kg Ymk_]~Zl o]j\]f cYff( \Ykk \Yk Rg‘d\]j <dd_]e]af‘]al( afkZ]kgf\]j] \a] }^^]flda[‘] RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_( fa[‘l Z]]aflj|[‘la_l oaj\*

92

?a] Q]j‘af\]jmf_ mf\ =]_j]frmf_ ngf N[‘Y\klg^^]eakkagf]f ]j_aZl ka[‘ ngj Ydd]e Ymk \]f <f^gj)\]jmf_]f \]j Z]j]alk _]dl]f\]f =]klaeemf_]f rmj <fo]f\mf_ \]j Z]kl]f n]j^~_ZYj]f O][‘facZro* \]j _ml]f Peo]dlhjYpak ae B]o|kk]jk[‘mlr* ?a] Z]kl]‘]f\]f M]_]dmf_]f rme Pe_Yf_ ealoYkk]j_]^|‘j\]f\]f Nlg^^]f $@jdYmZfak fY[‘ ss .( / mf\ M]_]dmf_]f rm <fdY_]f fY[‘ s -5Y ^^RCB% \a]f]f afkZ]kgf\]j] \Yrm( \a] @P)j][‘lda[‘]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f mermk]lr]f*

<<&/&. 5SU‘S\hc\U RS‘ RW‘SYbS\ 8W\ZSWbc\US\ W\ ROa :‘c\ReOaaS‘

?]j N[‘mlr \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk _]_]f Q]jk[‘emlrmf_ Ym^ Bjmf\ \]k @afd]al]fk Z]klaeel]j _]^|‘jda)[‘]j N[‘Y\klg^^] af \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j Z]j~[cka[‘la_l kgog‘d ]af _]f]j]dd]k Q]jZgl Ydk Ym[‘ \a] Q]j)h^da[‘lmf_ rm ]af]j Z]‘}j\da[‘]f @jdYmZfak rmj B]klYllmf_ ]af]j \aj]cl]f @afd]almf_ mfl]j A]kld])_mf_ ]flkhj][‘]f\]j =]\af_mf_]f*

?a] B]f]‘ea_mf_ rmj Ra]\]j]afd]almf_ _]gl‘]jeak[‘ _]fmlrl]f Bjmf\oYkk]jk g\]j ngf RYkk]j(\Yk Z]a \]j @phdgjYlagf mf\ \]j A}j\]jmf_ ngf Fg‘d]foYkk]jklg^^]f g\]j Z]a =]j_ZYmYjZ]al]fYf^|ddl( ]j^gd_l rme =]akha]d mfl]j \]j =]\af_mf_( \Ykk c]af] Yf\]j]f Nlg^^] Ydk \a] ]af_]d]al]l o]j)\]f \~j^]f( \a] Z]a \]f Z]lj]^^]f\]f <jZ]alkngj_|f_]f Yf^Ydd]f*

De RYkk]j‘Ymk‘Ydlk_]k]lr $RCB% Zro* ae GYf\]koYkk]j_]k]lr H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf kaf\M]_]dmf_]f rmj @jl]admf_ ngf @jdYmZfakk]f mf\ ]flkhj][‘]f\] UmdYkkmf_kZ]\af_mf_]f ^~j ]af]\aj]cl] @afd]almf_ af \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j ]fl‘Ydl]f $n_d* FYh* DD*3*0%*

<<&/&/ @Oo\OV[S\ VW\aWQVbZWQV ^‘W]‘Wbp‘S‘ Fb]TTS

?a] eal @flk[‘]a\mf_ Ij* .011+.,,-+@B \]k @mjgh|ak[‘]f KYjdYe]flk mf\ \]k MYl]k nge .,* Ig)n]eZ]j .,,- rmj A]kld]_mf_ \]j Gakl] hjagjal|j]j Nlg^^] ae =]j]a[‘ \]j RYkk]jhgdalac mf\ rmj xf\])jmf_ \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ngjda]_]f\] Gakl] ]fl‘|dl // hjagjal|j] Nlg^^]( \Yjmfl]j -- hjagjal|j]_]^|‘jda[‘] Nlg^^] mf\ -0 hjagjal|j] Nlg^^]( \a] Z]r~_da[‘ a‘j]j D\]fla^ara]jmf_ Ydk e}_da[‘] hjagjal|)j] _]^|‘jda[‘] Nlg^^] ~Z]jhj~^l o]j\]f*

?]j Qgjk[‘dY_ \]j Fgeeakkagf ^~j ]af] Ma[‘ldafa] \]k @mjgh|ak[‘]f KYjdYe]flk mf\ \]k MYl]k nge-3*,3*.,,2 ~Z]j Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f ae =]j]a[‘ \]j RYkk]jhgdalac mf\ rmj xf\]jmf_ \]j Ma[‘l)dafa] .,,,+2,+@B ¡ FJH $.,,2% /53 ]f\_~dla_ ) n]j^gd_l \]f cgeZafa]jl]f <fkYlr( \*‘* kgog‘d =])_j]frmf_ \]j Q]jk[‘emlrmf_ Yf \]j Lm]dd] \mj[‘ @eakkagfk_j]fro]jl] Ydk Ym[‘ A]kld]_mf_ ngfPeo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f $Deeakkagfk_j]fro]jl]f%* ?a] @eakkagfkZ]_j]frmf_]f $Haf\]klYf^gj\])jmf_]f% \a]f]f rme @jj]a[‘]f \]j Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f* R]ff \a]k] fa[‘l rme @jj]a[‘]f \]jLmYdal|lkfgje]f _]f~_]f( e~kk]f \a] Hal_da]\kklYYl]f klj]f_]j] @eakkagfkZ]_j]frmf_]f ^]kld])_]f*

De CafZda[c Ym^ HY{fY‘e]f( \a] _]e|{ <jlac]d 2 ]j_ja^^]f ogj\]f kaf\( Z]kl]‘l ^~j \]f Qgddrm_ af?]mlk[‘dYf\ \mj[‘ fY[‘lj|_da[‘] <fgj\fmf_]f fY[‘ s 1 <Zk* - Ij* - RCB afkZ]kgf\]j] \a] H}_)da[‘c]al( rmk|lrda[‘] <f^gj\]jmf_]f Yf \a] =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al ]afrmZjaf_]f\]j g\]j ]afrmd]al]f\]jNlg^^] rm kl]dd]f* Qgj‘Yf\]f] Q]jk[‘emlrmf_]f eal hjagjal|j]f Nlg^^]f $mf\ Yf\]j]f N[‘Y\klg^)^]f% \mj[‘ Kmfclim]dd]f c}ff]f kg YZ_]ZYml o]j\]f*

IY[‘ Pek]lrmf_ \]j Og[‘l]jja[‘ldafa] af fYlagfYd]k M][‘l oaj\ rm ]jeall]df k]af( af oa]o]al ]af]Ia[‘l]af‘Ydlmf_ \]j f]m]f Peo]dlimYdal|lkfgje]f af \]f JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]jf Yfrmr]a_]fakl mf\ o]d[‘] HY{fY‘e]f rm \]j]f @af‘Ydlmf_ fg[‘ ]j_ja^^]f o]j\]f e~kk]f* ?Yrm akl Ydk Qgj)Ymkk]lrmf_ ]af] =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] \]j @eakkagf]f( @afd]almf_]f mf\ Q]jdmkl] Ydd]j hjagjal|j]fNlg^^] mf\ $Yf\]j]j% N[‘Y\klg^^] _]e|{ Og[‘l]jja[‘ldafa]( ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ a‘j]j Fgfr]fljYlagf]faf N]\ae]fl]f mf\+g\]j =aglY aff]j‘YdZ \]k M]^]j]frr]aljYme]k ngf .,,4 Zak .,-, rm ]jkl]dd]f*

Qgj \]e Cafl]j_jmf\ \]j fY[‘ <jlac]d -2 <ZkYlr 2 RMMG rm ]j^gd_]f\]f k[‘jallo]ak]f Q]jjaf_])jmf_ ngf @afd]almf_]f( @eakkagf]f mf\ Q]jdmkl]f hjagjal|j]j Nlg^^] mf\ afkZ]kgf\]j] rmj =]]f\a)_mf_ g\]j kmcr]kkan]f @afkl]ddmf_ ngf @afd]almf_]f( @eakkagf]f mf\ Q]jdmkl]f \]j hjagjal|j]f

93

_]^|‘jda[‘]f Nlg^^] aff]j‘YdZ ]af]k U]alhdYf]k( ]j^gd_l Z]j]alk b]lrl( kg^]jf fa[‘l k[‘gf \mj[‘ @B)Ma[‘ldafa]f ]j^Ykkl( ae MY‘e]f \]k Hgfalgjaf_hjgr]kk]k \a] @jealldmf_ \]j Lm]dd]f \]k hmfcl^}j)ea_]f mf\ \a^^mk]f @afljY_]k \a]k]j Nlg^^] af \a] B]o|kk]j fY[‘ <jl mf\ H]f_] kgoa] \a] Kj~^mf_\]j H}_da[‘c]al]f rmj M]\mra]jmf_ ngf N[‘Y\klg^^]aflj|_]f*

<<&/&0 @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ IS‘[SWRc\U ]RS‘ IS‘‘W\US‘c\U c\PSOPaWQVbWUbS‘ :S%epaaS‘dS‘aQV[cbhc\US\

?mj[‘ \a] Qgjk[‘ja^l]f rme YfdY_]fZ]rg_]f]f B]o|kk]jk[‘mlr fY[‘ \]f ss -5 _ Zak d RCB afQ]jZaf\mf_ eal \]f af \]f oYkk]jj][‘lda[‘]f Qgjk[‘ja^l]f \]j G|f\]j ngj_]k[‘ja]Z]f]f Q]jZgl]frme Pe_Yf_ eal oYkk]j_]^|‘j\]f\]f Nlg^^]f af zZ]jk[‘o]eemf_k_]Za]l]f mf\ ae P^]jZ]j]a[‘ngf B]o|kk]jf o]j\]f _]e|{ <jlac]d -- $/% d% @B)RMMG Ydd] ]j^gj\]jda[‘]f HY{fY‘e]f _]ljg^^]f(me Aj]ak]lrmf_]f ngf ka_fa^acYfl]f H]f_]f Yf N[‘Y\klg^^]f Ymk l][‘fak[‘]f <fdY_]f rm n]j‘af)\]jf mf\ \]f Agd_]f mf]joYjl]l]j Q]jk[‘emlrmf_]f( oa] ]loY Z]a zZ]jk[‘o]eemf_]f( ngjrm)Z]m_]f mf\+g\]j \a]k] rm eaf\]jf*

?Yrm kaf\ \a] K^da[‘l]f \]k =]lj]aZ]jk ngf <fdY_]f Z]ae Pe_Yf_ eal N[‘Y\klg^^]f ^]kl_]d]_l* Nge~kk]f =]lja]Z] af \]f]f _]^|‘jda[‘] Nlg^^] af ‘g‘]f H]f_]f ngj‘Yf\]f kaf\( Na[‘]j‘]alkZ]ja[‘l]mf\ <dYje) mf\ B]^Y‘j]fYZo]‘jhd|f] ]jkl]dd]f* =]lja]Z] eal B]^|‘j\mf_khgl]flaYd ^~j \a] B]o|k)k]j ‘YZ]f =g\]f) mf\ B]o|kk]jk[‘mlrYdYjehd|f] rm ]jYjZ]al]f* ?a] =]lj]aZ]j ngf <ZoYkk]jYfdY)_]f ‘YZ]f _jmf\k|lrda[‘ ]af @a_]fcgfljgddhjg_jYee $r* =* fY[‘ N]dZkl~Z]joY[‘mf_kn]jgj\fmf_ )NzQJ% \mj[‘rm^~‘j]f* <fdY_]f rme Pe_Yf_ eal oYkk]j_]^|‘j\]f\]f Nlg^^]f e~kk]f af Z])klaeel]f Dfl]jnYdd]f $a* \* M* Ydd] ^~f^ EY‘j]% ngf Yf]jcYffl]f NY[‘n]jkl|f\a_]f ~Z]jhj~^l o]j\]f(o]ff ka] ]af] Z]klaeel] B]^|‘j\mf_kklm^] ngjo]ak]f* =]a <fdY_]f af oYkk]jj][‘lda[‘ ^]kl_]d]_l]fN[‘mlr_]Za]l]f $Ym[‘ zZ]jk[‘o]eemf_k_]Za]l]f%( ]j^gd_l \a] Fgfljgdd] af c~jr]j]f <Zkl|f\]f*Na_fa^acYfl] Nl}jmf_]f \]j ngj_]fYffl]f <fdY_]f kaf\ \]j rmkl|f\a_]f =]‘}j\] mfn]jr~_da[‘Yfrmr]a_]f* Cafrm cgeel af <Z‘|f_a_c]al nge B]^|‘j\mf_khgl]fraYd \a] mfeall]dZYj] =]jYlmf_\]j =]lj]aZ]j mf\ zZ]jhj~^mf_ \]j <fdY_]f* =]\]ml]f\] =]lja]Z] ^~j \]f B]o|kk]jk[‘mlr o]j\]f]af]j £=]lja]Zda[‘]f B]o|kk]jk[‘mlrafkh]clagf¢ \mj[‘ \a] rmkl|f\a_] =]‘}j\] mfl]jrg_]f* Df \a])k]e UmkYee]f‘Yf_ o]j\]f Ym[‘ £HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]jjaf_]jmf_ \]k Makacgk ^~j \a] YimYlak[‘]fycgkqkl]e]¢ ~Z]jhj~^l $G}k[‘oYkk]jj~[c‘Ydlk]afja[‘lmf_]f( <Zkh]jjk[‘a]Z]j ]l[*%* =]a _jg{]f\aj]cl]afd]al]f\]f Fd|jYfdY_]f o]j\]f af b|‘jda[‘]f <Zkl|f\]f =]lja]Zkhj~^mf_]f \mj[‘_]^~‘jl*=]lja]Z]( \a] \]j Nl}j^Ydd)Q]jgj\fmf_ $-.* =DeN[‘Q% mfl]jda]_]f( o]j\]f \mj[‘ \a] rmkl|f\a_] =])‘}j\] Yf‘Yf\ ngf kg _]fYffl]f Hg\md]f ~Z]jhj~^l* @af Hg\md £Nlg^^^j]ak]lrmf_¢ _]‘l Ym^ \a]oYkk]joajlk[‘Y^lda[‘ j]d]nYfl]f <kh]cl] ]af*

<mk Qgjkgj_]_]ka[‘lkhmfcl]f o]j\]f Ydd] hjYclacYZd]f Qgjc]‘jmf_]f _]ljg^^]f( me ]af] Q]j)k[‘d][‘l]jmf_ \]k B]o|kk]jrmklYf\k rm n]j‘af\]jf* I]Z]f fa[‘l ngj‘]jk]‘ZYj]f Pf^|dd]f kaf\ YdkYm{]j_]o}‘fda[‘] fYl~jda[‘] PjkY[‘]f ^]jf]j ]plj]e] Cg[‘oYkk]j]j]a_fakk]( d|f_]j] Ojg[c]fh])jag\]f g\]j ]plj]e] Rall]jmf_kZ]\af_mf_]f e}_da[‘* zZ]j \a] Z]j]alk _]fYffl]f HY{fY‘e]f‘afYmk kaf\ ngjkgj_da[‘ Aj~‘oYjfkqkl]e] ^~j >‘]eacYda]f ae B]o|kk]j ]af_]ja[‘l]l* =]a @afljallngf Ym{]j_]o}‘fda[‘]f ]plj]e]f fYl~jda[‘]f PjkY[‘]f g\]j mfngj‘]jk]‘ZYj]f Pf^|dd]f kl]‘]fA]m]jo]‘j]f( O][‘fak[‘]k Cad^ko]jc( CYnYja]cgeeYf\g mf\ af FYlYkljgh‘]f^|dd]f Ym[‘ ]af] Pf)l]jkl~lrmf_ \mj[‘ =mf\]ko]‘j mf\ \a] =]Ym^ljY_mf_ ngf KjanYl^aje]f Z]j]al( me \a] N[‘|\]fe}_da[‘kl k[‘f]dd mf\ ngddkl|f\a_ rm Z]k]ala_]f*

De =]j]a[‘ \]j F~kl]foYkk]jc}jh]j \]j Jklk]] omj\] rmj N[‘Y\klg^^mf^YddZ]c|eh^mf_ nge =mf\mf\ \]f Z]ljg^^]f]f =mf\]kd|f\]jf ]af CYnYja]cgeeYf\g ]af_]ja[‘l]l( \Yk \a] Z]ljg^^]f]f G|f)\]j ~Z]j \jg‘]f\] g\]j ]af_]lj]l]f] N[‘Y\]fkdY_]f g\]j N[‘a^^k‘YnYja]f af^gjea]jl mf\ Z]acgehd]p]f N[‘Y\]fkdY_]f ]af cggj\afa]jl]k Qgj_]‘]f Ydd]j @afkYlrcj|^l] ka[‘]jkl]ddl* ?a] F~kl]f)oYkk]jc}jh]j o]j\]f j]_]de|{a_ Ymk \]j Gm^l eal Nh]raYdcYe]jYk ~Z]joY[‘l( me mf]jdYmZl]k <Z)dYkk]f ngf >‘]eacYda]f g\]j yd ^]klrmkl]dd]f g\]j lj]aZ]f\] yd^]d\]j ngj \]j F~kl] rm a\]fla^ara])j]f* A~j \a] N[‘Y\klg^^mf^YddZ]c|eh^mf_]f o]j\]f Cg[‘k]]k[‘d]hh]j mf\ Nh]raYdk[‘a^^] mf\ )_]j|l] ^~j \a] =]k]ala_mf_ ngf Q]jk[‘emlrmf_]f Ym^ N]] mf\ Yf \]f P^]jf mf\ Nlj|f\]f ngj)_]‘Ydl]f*

94

Umj M]\mra]jmf_ ngf =]dYklmf_]f af \]f F~kl]f) mf\ zZ]j_Yf_k_]o|kk]jf Z]a N[‘a^^kmf^|dd]foaj\ _]e]afkYe ngf =mf\ mf\ F~kl]fd|f\]jf \Yk CYnYja]cgeeYf\g Z]lja]Z]f* @af r]alfY‘]k@af_j]a^]f ]je}_da[‘l ]k( \a] =]dYklmf_ \]j H]]j]kmeo]dl ngjrmZ]m_]f Zro* \a] Agd_]f e}_da[‘kl_]jaf_ rm ‘Ydl]f*

<<&/&1 @Oo\OV[S\ Tr‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘$ RWS TSabUSZSUbS H[eSZbhWSZS [qUZW%QVS‘eSWaS \WQVb S‘‘SWQVS\

JZ RYkk]jc}jh]j \a] af <jlac]d 0 ^]kl_]d]_l]f Peo]dlra]d] ]jj]a[‘]f( oaj\ ae MY‘e]f \]j zZ]joY)[‘mf_khjg_jYee] ~Z]jhj~^l* De ngjda]_]f\]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf cYff fg[‘ c]af] YZk[‘da]){]f\] <mkkY_] \Yrm _]ljg^^]f o]j\]f( gZ \a] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d] eal \]f _jmf\d]_]f\]fHY{fY‘e]f _]e* <jlac]d -- $/% @B)RMMG mf\ \]f ]j_|fr]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f _]e|{ <jlac]d -- $0%@B)RMMG lYlk|[‘da[‘ rm ]jj]a[‘]f kaf\* Ngddl] o|‘j]f\ Z]a \]j o]al]j]f zZ]joY[‘mf_ ^]kl_]kl]ddlo]j\]f( \Ykk Peo]dlra]d] fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘l o]j\]f c}ff]f( kaf\ rmk|lrda[‘] HY{fY‘e]f _]e|{ <jla)c]d -- $1% RMMG rm ]j_j]a^]f*

Df \]e Yfk[‘da]{]f\]f U]aljYme fY[‘ .,-1 kaf\ fY[‘ ‘]mla_]j @afk[‘|lrmf_ n]jk[‘a]\]f] HY{)fY‘e]f rmj Q]jjaf_]jmf_ ngf =]dYklmf_]f ^gjlrm^~‘j]f* ?Yrm r|‘dl \a] zZ]jhj~^mf_ Z]kl]‘]f\]jB]o|kk]jZ]fmlrmf_]f $r* =* <ZoYkk]j]afd]almf_]f( RYkk]j]flfY‘e]f%( __ *̂ \a] <fhYkkmf_ Z])kl]‘]f\]j oYkk]jj][‘lda[‘]j UmdYkkmf_]f( \a] I]mYmkja[‘lmf_ ngf A}j\]jja[‘ldafa]f( \a] <fhYk)kmf_ \]j B]o|kk]jmfl]j‘Ydlmf_( \a] C]jkl]ddmf_ \]j ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al ^~j Aak[‘]( \a] Jhlaea]jmf_\]j M]afa_mf_kd]aklmf_ ngf Fd|jYfdY_]f( \a] ?mj[‘^~‘jmf_ ngf Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f rmj @jealldmf_\]j @afljY_kh^Y\] ngf hjagjal|j]f Nlg^^]f mf\ \a] <m^kl]ddmf_ o]al]j_]‘]f\]j B]o|kk]j]floa[c)dmf_kcgfr]hl]* A~j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j kaf\ ^~j \]f U]aljYme fY[‘ .,-1 fY[‘ ngjd|m^a_]j @af)k[‘|lrmf_ afkZ]kgf\]j] HY{fY‘e]f rmj M]\mra]jmf_ ngf I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_]f( \a] I]mYmkja[‘)lmf_ ngf A}j\]jja[‘ldafa]f kgoa] \a] Agjlk[‘j]aZmf_ \]j Hgfalgjaf_f]lr] ]j^gj\]jda[‘*

?]j @j^gd_ \]j HY{fY‘e]f oaj\ ae MY‘e]f \]j zZ]joY[‘mf_ _]hj~^l* Ngddl] ka[‘ r]a_]f( \Ykk_jmf\d]_]f\] mf\ ]j_|fr]f\] HY{fY‘e]f fa[‘l Ymkj]a[‘]f( me \a] Peo]dlra]d] \]j RMMG rm]jj]a[‘]f( o]j\]f rmk|lrda[‘] HY{fY‘e]f _]e|{ <jlac]d -- <ZkYlr 1 @B)RMMG ]j_ja^^]f* ?Yk @j)^gj\]jfak mf\ Pek]lrZYjc]al rmk|lrda[‘]j HY{fY‘e]f oaj\ ae o]al]j]f Kjgr]kk mfl]j =]j~[cka[‘)la_mf_ oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]j <kh]cl] YZ_]og_]f*

<<&/&)( 8‘Up\hS\RS @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ 8‘‘SWQVc\U RS‘ H[eSZbhWSZS

?a] ^~j \a] @jj]a[‘mf_ ]af]k _ml]f UmklYf\k Zro* Kgl]fraYdk af JZ]j^d|[‘]f) mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jc}j)h]jf fglo]f\a_]f HY{fY‘e]f Ymk \]f ?]^aral]f( \a] ka[‘ Z]ae Q]j_d]a[‘ \]k Yclm]dd]f UmklYf\k\]j B]o|kk]j $n_d* FYh* 0% eal \]e Ua]drmklYf\ \]j =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d] $n_d* FYh* 1% ]j_]Z]f*?a]k] c}ff]f Ym^ Z]klaeel] Yfl‘jghg_]f] =]dYklmf_]f $n_d* FYh* .% rmj~[c_]^~‘jl o]j\]f( \])f]f ]afr]df] HY{fY‘e]f g\]j HY{fY‘e]f_jmhh]f rm_]gj\f]l o]j\]f( \a] ^~j \a] Ua]d]jj]a)[‘mf_ fglo]f\a_ kaf\*

@j_|fr]f\] HY{fY‘e]f _]e|{ <jlac]d -- <Zk* 0 @B)RMMG o]j\]f ]j^gj\]jda[‘( o]ff \a] ^]kl_])d]_l]f Peo]dlra]d] fY[‘ <jlac]d 0 eal \]f af FYhal]d 3*- Zak 3*4 Z]k[‘ja]Z]f]f _jmf\d]_]f\]fHY{fY‘e]f fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘l o]j\]f c}ff]f*

@k omj\] ]af_]k[‘|lrl( \Ykk \a] ]j_ja^^]f]f _jmf\d]_]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f _]e|{ <jlac]d -- <Zk* /=m[‘kl* Y% Zak d% @B)RMMG af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] fa[‘l Ymkj]a[‘]f( me \Yk =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]dZak .,-1 ^~j \a] JZ]j^d|[‘]f) mf\ Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j rm ]jj]a[‘]f* ?Y‘]j Z]kl]‘l \a] Iglo]f\a_)c]al \]j @j_j]a^mf_ \Yj~Z]j ‘afYmk_]‘]f\]j ]j_|fr]f\]j HY{fY‘e]f fY[‘ <jlac]d -- $0% @B)RMMG*

?]j =]\Yj^ Yf ]j_|fr]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f omj\] Ym^ dgcYd]j mf\ j]_agfYd]j @Z]f] \]j RYkk]jc}jh]jm* Y* ngf \]f <jZ]alkcj]ak]f af \]f =]YjZ]almf_k_]Za]l]f mfl]j =]j~[cka[‘la_mf_ \]k Yclm]dd]fUmklYf\k( ]af]j <Zk[‘|lrmf_ \]j Rajcmf_ \]j HY{fY‘e]f mf\ \]j rm ]jj]a[‘]f\]f Peo]dlra]d]

95

]jeall]dl* ?YZ]a oaj\ Ym[‘ ]af_]k[‘|lrl( gZ \a] fglo]f\a_]f HY{fY‘e]f lYlk|[‘da[‘ me_]k]lrlo]j\]f c}ff]f( g\]j gZ Ym^_jmf\ mfn]jra[‘lZYj]j Ydl]jfYlandgk]j Imlrmf_]f( l][‘fak[‘]j KjgZ)d]e] g\]j fYl~jda[‘]j B]_]Z]f‘]al]f \a] ?mj[‘^~‘jmf_ \]j HY{fY‘e]f fmj ]af_]k[‘j|fcl g\]j_Yj fa[‘l e}_da[‘ k]af oaj\* ?a]k] @afk[‘|lrmf_]f kaf\ eal _]oakk]f Pfka[‘]j‘]al]f n]jZmf\]f(o]ad ae MY‘e]f \]j HY{fY‘e]fhdYfmf_ fa[‘l Ydd] ?]lYadk Z]j~[cka[‘la_l o]j\]f c}ff]f mf\@floa[cdmf_]f af \]j GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l( \]k B]o]jZ]k mf\ \]j Df\mklja] g\]j \]j N[‘a^^^Y‘jl fa[‘l‘afj]a[‘]f\ _]fYm ~Z]j ]af]f U]aljYme Zak .,-1 ngj‘]jkY_ZYj kaf\*

De MY‘e]f \]j HY{fY‘e]fhdYfmf_ omj\] b]o]adk \a]b]fa_] FgeZafYlagf Yf ]j_|fr]f\]f HY{)fY‘e]f _]o|‘dl( \a] Z]rg_]f Ym^ \]f Z]ljY[‘l]l]f RYkk]jc}jh]j \a] Z]kl] Fgkl]f)RajckYec]al]j_aZl*

ALNS K_]LWWPX]^PVV_XR LVVP\ P\QY\OP\VTNSPX P\RjXdPXOPX @LiXLSWPX aT\O *((1 _X^P\ 5P\lNU]TNS^T%R_XR OP\ C\TY\T^j^PX$ OP\ lMP\\PRTYXLVPX KTPVP _XO OP\ ‘P\QlRML\PX @T^^PV OTP LW UY]^PXPQQTdTPX^P]^PX d_PX^aTNUPVXOPX @LiXLSWPX P\WT^^PV^$ OTP TW 5PaT\^]NSLQ^_XR]dPT^\L_W MT] *()- _WRP]P^d^ aP\OPX]YVVPX& 7TP]P aP\OPX *((1 TX OL] TX OL] @LiXLSWPXZ\YR\LWW L_QRPXYWWPX&

<<&/&)) @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ IS‘[SWRc\U SW\S‘ Lc\OV[S RS‘ IS‘aQV[cbhc\U RS‘@SS‘SaUSepaaS‘

?]j Yclm]dd] }cgdg_ak[‘] UmklYf\ \]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j( \]k RYkk]jk( \]j N]\ae]fl] mf\ \]j H]])j]kd]Z]fkj|me] oaj\ af ]j‘]Zda[‘]e HY{] ngf \]j ?qfYeac \]j Jklk]] mf\ \]f e]fk[‘da[‘]f<clanal|l]f af \]f @afrm_k_]Za]l]f \]j af \a] Jklk]] e~f\]f\]f Ad~kk] \geafa]jl* ?a] M]\mra])jmf_ \]j =]dYklmf_]f \]k HYjaf]f ycgkqkl]ek \mj[‘ rm ‘g‘] I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_] akl ]af ~Z]jj]_ag)fYd]k =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d( \Yk fmj \mj[‘ _]e]afkYe] HY{fY‘e]f ae _]kYel]f @afrm_k_]Za]l\]j Jklk]] rm ]jj]a[‘]f akl*

?a] I|‘jklg^^Yfj]a[‘]jmf_]f \]j n]j_Yf_]f]f EY‘jr]‘fl] \mj[‘ @aflj|_] nge GYf\] Ymk ^~‘j]faee]j fg[‘ rm lqhak[‘]f @mljgh‘a]jmf_k]jk[‘]afmf_]f( oa] r* =* ]j‘}‘l]e <d_]foY[‘klme( eal\]j Agd_]( \Ykk $lgpak[‘]% <d_]fZd~l]f( NYm]jklg^^eYf_]d mf\ kg_Yj Aak[‘kl]jZ]f Ym^lj]l]f c}f)f]f* Ojglr \]j ]jra]dl]f @j^gd_] mf\ \]e M~[c_Yf_ \]j I|‘jklg^^^jY[‘l]f akl( me \]f _ml]f }cgdg)_ak[‘]f UmklYf\ af \]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]jf \]j Jklk]] rm ]jj]a[‘]f( \]j I|‘jklg^^]afljY_ Ymk \]j AB@RYjfgo+K]]f] o]al]j rm n]jeaf\]jf* ?a] ngj_]k]‘]f]f HY{fY‘e]f rmj M]\mra]jmf_ \]j hmfc)lm]dd]f mf\ \a^^mk]f =]dYklmf_]f dYkk]f ]af] Q]jeaf\]jmf_ \]j Nla[cklg^^Z]dYklmf_ me [Y* ., "mf\ \]j K‘gkh‘gjZ]dYklmf_ me [Y* 1 " _]_]f~Z]j \]f _]_]fo|jla_]f I|‘jklg^^^jY[‘l]f ]joYj)l]f*

IY[‘\]e \]j <mkZYm \]j _j}{]j]f Fd|jYfdY_]f ae \]mlk[‘]f O]ad \]k Jklk]]]afrm_k_]Za]l]k ealK‘gkh‘gj) mf\ Nla[cklg^^]daeafYlagf o]al_]‘]f\ YZ_]k[‘dgkk]f akl( cgfr]flja]j]f ka[‘ \a] HY{)fY‘e]f b]lrl Ym^ \a] M]\mra]jmf_ \]j \a^^mk]f I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_]* ?Yrm r|‘d]f mfl]j Yf\]j]e

· HY{fY‘e]f rmj M]\mra]jmf_ ngf I|‘jklg^^n]jdmkl]f Z]a \]j ?~f_mf_ mf\ =g\]fZ]YjZ]a)lmf_(

· \a] @j‘}‘mf_ \]j M]l]flagfkoajcmf_ ngf Ada]{_]o|kk]jf \mj[‘ HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]jZ]kk])jmf_ \]j ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]f B]klYdl \]k B]o|kk]jk(

· \a] Ra]\]jn]jf|kkmf_ ngf A]m[‘l_]Za]l]f*

<mk \]f @j^Y‘jmf_]f \]j Kjg_jYee] rmj I|‘jklg^^j]\mra]jmf_ ae MY‘e]f \]k H]]j]kk[‘mlr]k$C@G>JH% kgoa] fY[‘ gZb]clan]j ^Y[‘da[‘]j <Zk[‘|lrmf_ akl \]j ]j^gj\]jda[‘] M]\mra]jmf_kme^Yf_mf\ \Yeal \]j _ml] }cgdg_ak[‘] UmklYf\ af \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al Zak .,-1 fa[‘l ]jj]a[‘ZYj*Bj~f\] ‘a]j^~j kaf\ f]Z]f fYl~jda[‘]f B]_]Z]f‘]al]f oa] \]f ]j‘}‘l]f I|‘jklg^^ngjj|l]f af \]f=}\]f mf\ \]e dYf_kYe]f I|‘jklg^^ljYfkhgjl ae Bjmf\oYkk]j Ym[‘ \a] QgjYmkk]lrmf_]f ^~j \a]

96

l][‘fak[‘] ?mj[‘^~‘jZYjc]al ngf HY{fY‘e]f rmj M]\mra]jmf_ \a^^mk]j @aflj|_]* A~j \a] F~kl]f)oYkk]jc}jh]j Z]\Yj^ ]k \Y‘]j fY[‘ <jlac]d 0 <Zk* 0 @B)RMMG ]af]j Ajakln]jd|f_]jmf_* IY[‘ ‘]mla_]j<Zk[‘|lrmf_ kaf\ HY{fY‘e]f rmj I|‘jklg^^j]\mra]jmf_ Ym[‘ af \]f kh|l]j]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k)r]alj|me]f \mj[‘rm^~‘j]f* ?mj[‘ M~[cd}kmf_ mf\ N]\ae]flYlagf ngf I|‘jklg^^]f roak[‘]f RYk)k]j mf\ N]\ae]fl( \]f OjYfkhgjl ae F~kl]fZ]j]a[‘ mf\ <mklYmk[‘ roak[‘]f \]f F~kl]foYkk]j)c}jh]jf akl fYlagfYd oa] Ym[‘ afl]jfYlagfYd \YjYm^ rm Y[‘l]f( \Ykk Ym[‘ af \]f Yf\]j]f Admkk_])Za]lk]af‘]al]f \]j Jklk]] HY{fY‘e]f af ]j^gj\]jda[‘]e Pe^Yf_ me_]k]lrl o]j\]f*

Umj Hafaea]jmf_ ngf N[‘Y\klg^^]aflj|_]f g\]j )n]jdY_]jmf_]f \mj[‘ _]ZY__]jl] mf\ Yf Yf\]j]jNl]dd] ae B]o|kk]j oa]\]j YZ_]dY_]jl] N]\ae]fl] kgdd]f Fgfr]hl] o]al]j‘af rme }cgdg_ak[‘ n]j)lj|_da[‘]f Pe_Yf_ eal =Y__]j_ml ^gjl]floa[c]dl mf\ me_]k]lrl o]j\]f* ?a]k] e~kk]f ka[‘ Yf\]f Qgj_YZ]f \]j @B)RMMG gja]fla]j]f mf\ _d]a[‘r]ala_ \]f Ua]d]f mf\ <f^gj\]jmf_]f \]j H]])j]kkljYl]_a])MY‘e]fja[‘ldafa] mf\ \]j AAC) mf\ Qg_]dk[‘mlrja[‘ldafa] M][‘fmf_ ljY_]f*

?a] =]dYklmf_ \]j F~kl]f_]o|kk]j \mj[‘ \]f N[‘a^^kn]jc]‘j oaj\ \mj[‘ \a] Dfl]jfYlagfYd]f N]])k[‘a^^^Y‘jlk)Jj_YfakYlagf $DHJ% cggj\afa]jl mf\ emkk ae <dd_]e]af]f af ?]mlk[‘dYf\ af fYlagfYd]kM][‘l me_]k]lrl o]j\]f* R]_]f \]j _dgZYd]f B~dla_c]al mf\ \]j NlYlml]f \]j DHJ akl \]j MYla^ara])jmf_k) mf\ Df)FjY^l)N]lrmf_khjgr]kk \]j DHJ)=]k[‘d~kk] b]\g[‘ g^l ]af k]‘j dYf_oa]ja_]j Kjgr]kk*<m^ @P)@Z]f] o]j\]f DHJ)M]_]dmf_]f l]ado]ak] ngjr]ala_ j][‘lkn]jZaf\da[‘ ]af_]^~‘jl*

De MY‘e]f \]j C@G>JH <jZ]al]f( \mj[‘ \a] @P)_]kl]m]jl] Dfl]jcYdaZja]jmf_ \]j =]o]jlmf_k]j)_]Zfakk] af \]j =Ydla[)BDB kgoa] \mj[‘ \a] Agj\]jmf_]f \]j H]]j]kkljYl]_a])MY‘e]fja[‘ldafa] $af\]j Jklk]] \mj[‘ \a] Pek]lrmf_ \]k C@G>JH)Jklk]]YclagfkhdYf]k V5LV^TN FPL 4N^TYX CVLX% 5F4CW%oaj\ ]af ]af‘]alda[‘]j( afl]jfYlagfYd _~dla_]j HY{klYZ ^~j \a] M]\mra]jmf_k]j^gj\]jfakk] ^~j Ydd]]afe~f\]f\]f Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al]f \]^afa]jl* ?]j <m^ZYm ngf l][‘fak[‘]f Nh]ra^acYlagf]f mf\Igje]f aff]j‘YdZ \]j @P kha]dl Ym[‘ _]jY\] ^~j \a] M]\mra]jmf_ \]j =]dYklmf_]f \]j I|‘j) mf\N[‘Y\klg^^]aflj|_] af \a] H]]j] ]af] oa[‘la_] Mgdd]* De MY‘e]f \]k HYjaf]f Hgfalgjaf_ $=GHK%oaj\ \a] Ua]d]jj]a[‘mf_ Ydk @j^gd_kcgfljgdd] \]j HY{fY‘e]fmek]lrmf_ ^gjldYm^]f\ ~Z]jhj~^l*

<<&/&)* LcaO[[S\TOaac\U RS‘ TSabUSZSUbS\ @Oo\OV[S\

Bjmf\k|lrda[‘ kaf\ ae Naff] \]j @B)RMMG Ydd] HY{fY‘e]f rm ]j_j]a^]f( \a] rmj Q]joajcda[‘mf_ \]jUa]d] fY[‘ <jl* 0 ]j^gj\]jda[‘ kaf\* ?a] @B)RMMG mfl]jk[‘]a\]l \YZ]a af <jl* -- <Zk* / mf\ 0 $s /2<Zk* / mf\ 0 RCB% roak[‘]f £_jmf\d]_]f\]f¢ mf\ £]j_|fr]f\]f¢ HY{fY‘e]f*

:‘c\RZSUS\RS @Oo\OV[S\?a] _jmf\d]_]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f ja[‘l]f ka[‘ fY[‘ \]f @P)Ma[‘ldafa]f mf\ \]f \Yrm_]‘}ja_]fQgjk[‘ja^l]f Ym^ =mf\]k) mf\ GYf\]k]Z]f]* @af \]lYadda]jl]k Q]jr]a[‘fak akl ae HY{fY‘e]fhjg)_jYee \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] ]fl‘Ydl]f $<fdY_]f /*- mf\ /*.%*

8‘Up\hS\RS @Oo\OV[S\

Df Z]rm_ Ym^ JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j da]_l \]j N[‘o]jhmfcl Ym^ HY{fY‘e]f rmj M]\mra]jmf_ ‘q\)jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]j =]dYklmf_]f mf\ \]j M]\mra]jmf_ ngf =]dYklmf_]f Ymk \a^^mk]f Lm]dd]f*

<dk CYmhlZ]dYklmf_]f \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] kaf\ <Z^dmkkj]_mda]jmf_]f mf\egjh‘gdg_ak[‘] Q]j|f\]jmf_]f mf\ \a] \a^^mk]f Lm]dd]f( rm f]ff]f* ?a] Ye ‘|m^a_kl]f \mj[‘rm)^~‘j]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f Z]a =]dYklmf_]f \mj[‘ <Z^dmkkj]_mda]jmf_]f mf\ egjh‘gdg_ak[‘] Q]j|f)\]jmf_]f kaf\6

· HY{fY‘e]f rmj C]jkl]ddmf_ \]j daf]Yj]f ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al Yf kgfkla_]f oYkk]jZYmda[‘]f<fdY_]f $r* =* =]k]ala_mf_ ngf Lm]jZYmo]jc]f mf\ Mg‘jd]almf_]f%(

· HY{fY‘e]f rme Dfalaa]j]f+UmdYkk]f ]af]j ]a_]f\qfYeak[‘]f B]o|kk]j]floa[cdmf_ afcd*Z]_d]al]f\]j HY{fY‘e]f mf\

97

· HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ ngf CYZalYl]f ae B]o|kk]j]floa[cdmf_kcgjja\gj ]af)k[‘da]{da[‘ \]j <m]f]floa[cdmf_*

· kgfkla_] HY{fY‘e]f rmj M]\mra]jmf_ \]j I|‘jklg^^) mf\ A]afeYl]jaYd]aflj|_] \mj[‘ @jg)kagf

@af]f o]al]j]f N[‘o]jhmfcl kl]dd]f HY{fY‘e]f rmj M]\mra]jmf_ ngf =]dYklmf_]f af JZ]j^d|)[‘]f_]o|kk]j Ymk \a^^mk]f Lm]dd]f \Yj*

De =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kr]aljYme kaf\ Z]a N]]f rmf|[‘kl afkZ]kgf\]j] cgfr]hlagf]dd] HY{fY‘e]fngj_]k]‘]f* <m^_jmf\ \]j \YZ]a _]ogff]f]f @jc]fflfakk] oaj\ ~Z]j o]al]j] HY{fY‘e]f rm]flk[‘]a\]f k]af* ?a]k] o]j\]f af \]j M]_]d Ym^ ]af] M]\mra]jmf_ ngf I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_]f Ymk \a^)^mk]f Lm]dd]f Ymk_]ja[‘l]l k]af*

Df \]f F~kl]f_]o|kk]joYkk]jc}jh]j kaf\ af \]j M]_]d c]af] HY{fY‘e]f ngj_]k]‘]f* ?a] M]\mra])jmf_ \]j I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_] ]j^gd_l \mj[‘ HY{fY‘e]f Yf \]f ]flkhj][‘]f\]f =aff]f_]o|kk]jf*

Df Z]rm_ Ym^ \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j Z]af‘Ydl]l \Yk HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee af Ydd]f RYkk]jc}jh]jf HY{)fY‘e]f rmj M]\mra]jmf_ ngf =]dYklmf_]f Ymk \a^^mk]f Lm]dd]f*

Df \]j HY{fY‘e]fhdYfmf_ kha]_]dl ka[‘ ]af] \]j oa[‘la_]f RYkk]jZ]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f af \]jAB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] oa\]j $I|‘jklg^^]%*

Umj M]\mra]jmf_ \]j YmkoYk[‘mf_kZ]\af_l]f I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_] Ymk \]j GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l o]j\]f af\]f ^gd_]f\]f EY‘j]f HY{fY‘e]f eal \]e Ua]d Yf_]Zgl]f( \a] I|‘jklg^^n]jdmkl] Ym^ ]af mfn]j)e]a\ZYj]k HY{ rm j]\mra]j]f* &&& 4M]NSXT^^ aT\O *((1 Z\jdT]TP\^$ C\YR\LWWP MPQTXOPX ]TNS TX OP\ IY\%MP\PT^_XR&

>]\hS^bW]\SZZS @Oo\OV[S\

?Yk HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee Z]af‘Ydl]l o]al]j‘af cgfr]hlagf]dd] HY{fY‘e]f( \a] ]af] mfl]jkl~l)r]f\] Rajcmf_ Ym^ \a] _jmf\d]_]f\]f mf\ o]al]j]f ]j_|fr]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f ‘YZ]f $r* =* @jkl]d)dmf_ ngf Fgfr]hlagf]f( Nlm\a]f( BmlY[‘l]f( ?mj[‘^~‘jmf_ ngf Agjk[‘mf_k)( @floa[cdmf_k) mf\?]egfkljYlagfkngj‘YZ]f( Df^gjeYlagfk) mf\ AgjlZad\mf_keY{fY‘e]f( =]jYlmf_keY{fY‘e]f(@afja[‘lmf_ Zro* <fhYkkmf_ ngf A}j\]jhjg_jYee]f( Aj]aoadda_] Fggh]jYlagf]f( U]jla^ara]jmf_k)kqkl]e]( rmk|lrda[‘] Hgfalgjaf_eY{fY‘e]f g\]j @afja[‘lmf_ Zro* <fhYkkmf_ ngf Fgfljgdd) mf\zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg_jYee]f%*

=]jYlmf_keY{fY‘e]f( af \]f]f Z]akha]dko]ak] GYf\oajl] ~Z]j \]f @afkYlr oYkk]jk[‘gf]f\]jHY{fY‘e]f af^gjea]jl o]j\]f( ljY_]f \Yrm Z]a( \a] I|‘jklg^^) mf\ K^dYfr]fk[‘mlreall]d)@aflj|_]Ymk \a^^mk]f Lm]dd]f rm j]\mra]j]f* @Z]fkg akl \]j @afkYlr ngf A}j\]jhjg_jYee]f $<_jYjmeo]dl)eY{fY‘e]f% ]af _]]a_f]l]k Dfkljme]fl rmj Q]jjaf_]jmf_ \]j I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_] Ym^_jmf\ dYf\)oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]j <clanal|l]f* <Z]j Ym[‘ AgjlZad\mf_keY{fY‘e]f r* =* ae =]j]a[‘ \]j B]o|kk]jmf)l]j‘Ydlmf_ o]j\]f rmj Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]j egjh‘gdg_ak[‘]f Q]j|f\]jmf_]f ]af]k B]o|kk]jk ]af_])k]lrl* ?a] Fgkl]f ^~j \a]k] cgfr]hlagf]dd]f HY{fY‘e]f c}ff]f e]akl fa[‘l Z]klaeel]f RYkk]j)c}jh]jf rm_]gj\f]l o]j\]f( o]ad ka] a* \* M* dYf\]ko]al Yf_]Zgl]f o]j\]f*

I]‘USh]US\S @Oo\OV[S\

=]j]alk k]al \]e DfcjY^llj]l]f \]j @B)RMMG omj\]f af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] kg_]fYffl] Qgj_])rg_]f] HY{fY‘e]f me_]k]lrl* ?a]k] ‘YZ]f \Yk Ua]d( Z]j]alk ngj \]j <m^kl]ddmf_ \]k =]oajlk[‘Y^)lmf_khdYf]k \a] }cgdg_ak[‘] NalmYlagf \]j B]o|kk]j rm n]jZ]kk]jf mf\ \a] Ua]dk]lrmf_ \]j RMMG^j~‘r]ala_ rm n]j^gd_]f* N[‘o]jhmfcl] Z]a \]f ngj_]rg_]f]f HY{fY‘e]f oYj]f \a] Q]jZ]kk])jmf_ \]j <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_( \a] C]jkl]ddmf_ \]j ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al kgoa] HY{fY‘e]f rmj B])o|kk]j]floa[cdmf_ mf\ rmj M]\mra]jmf_ ngf I|‘jklg^^]aflj|_]f af \a] B]o|kk]j* @af o]al]j]jN[‘o]jhmfcl oYj \a] M]\mra]jmf_ \]j =]dYklmf_ Ymk <dldYkl]f*

98

<<&0 IS‘hSWQV\Wa RSbOWZZWS‘bS‘ C‘]U‘O[[S c\R 5SeW‘baQVOTbc\Ua%^ZO\c\US\

I]Z]f \]f _jmf\d]_]f\]f mf\ ]j_|fr]f\]f HY{fY‘e]f _aZl ]k af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] Ym[‘\]lYadda]jl] Kjg_jYee] \a] \a]k]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf ]j_|fr]f* Ca]j kaf\ afkZ]kgf\]j] Kjg)_jYee] ^~j \]f N[‘mlr mf\ \a] @floa[cdmf_ \]j JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]j mf\ \]f N[‘mlr \]kBjmf\oYkk]jk rm f]ff]f*

@]]‘aQVcbhY]\hS^b @SQYZS\Pc‘U%I]‘^][[S‘\

De EY‘j] .,,, omj\] \mj[‘ \]f GYf\lY_ mf\ \a] GYf\]kj]_a]jmf_ ]af Hggjk[‘mlrcgfr]hl ^~j \Ykeggjj]a[‘] =mf\]kdYf\ H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf eal ]af]j GYm^r]al Zak rme EY‘j] .,., Z])k[‘dgkk]f* ?Yjaf omj\]f }cgdg_ak[‘] Ua]dkl]ddmf_]f rme =g\]f)( FdaeY)( B]o|kk]j) mf\ IYlmj)k[‘mlr( YZ]j Ym[‘ }cgfgeak[‘] mf\ kgraYd] Ua]dkl]ddmf_]f $_]gj\f]l]j M~[crm_ Ymk mfj]flYZd]fNlYf\gjl]f% ^gjemda]jl* Hal Cad^] \]k \mj[‘ \a] @P [g)^afYfra]jl]f A}j\]jhjg_jYeek £HY{fY‘e]frme N[‘mlr mf\ rmj @floa[cdmf_ ngf Hggj]f¢ omj\] \a] M]fYlmja]jmf_ }cgdg_ak[‘ oa[‘la_]j mf\}cgfgeak[‘ hjgZd]eYlak[‘]j Hggj] ngjYf_]lja]Z]f* Dfk_]kYel omj\]f ae U]aljYme .,,, ) .,,21, Kjgb]cl] eal ]af]j Kjgb]cl^d|[‘] ngf j\* 3*,,, ‘Y Z]oadda_l mf\ me_]k]lrl* N[‘d~kk]d ^~j \a] ]j)^gd_j]a[‘] Pek]lrmf_ \]j Kjgb]cl] oYj \a] cgfk]im]fl] <fo]f\mf_ \]k Kjafrahk \]j Aj]aoadda_c]al\]j O]adfY‘e] Ydd]j =]ljg^^]f]f* ?]j N[‘mlr mf\ \a] @j‘Ydlmf_ ngf Hggj]f oajcl Ym^ ro]a]jd]a <j)l]f Ym^ B]o|kk]j6 ?mj[‘ a‘j RYkk]jkh]a[‘]jmf_kn]je}_]f ‘YZ]f Hggj] ]af] Ymk_d]a[‘]f\] Raj)cmf_ Ym^ \]f GYf\k[‘Y^lkoYkk]j‘Ymk‘Ydl( oYk \]f e]f_]fe|{a_]f UmklYf\ ngf JZ]j^d|[‘]f_])o|kk]jf( Bjmf\oYkk]j mf\ _jmf\oYkk]jYZ‘|f_a_]f ycgkqkl]e]f afk_]kYel n]jZ]kk]jl* Cg[‘)oYkk]j]j]a_fakk] o]j\]f \mj[‘ N[‘Y^^mf_ fYl~jda[‘]j zZ]jk[‘o]eemf_k^d|[‘]f _]hm^^]jl( o|‘)j]f\ af Ia]\ja_oYkk]jr]al]f \]j B]Za]lkYZ^dmkk Ymk_]_da[‘]f oaj\* ?a]k akl mfl]j \]e <kh]cl \]k]joYjl]l]f FdaeYoYf\]dk ngf Z]kgf\]j]j =]\]mlmf_* <dk G]Z]fkj|me] eal hgkalan]j Nlg^^ZadYfroajc]f aflYcl]( oY[‘k]f\] Hggj] rm\]e Ydk fYl~jda[‘] Aadl]j( Km^^]j mf\ N]fc]f ae Nlg^^‘Ymk‘Ydlmf\ kgeal hgkalan Ym^ \a] B]o|kk]jZ]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al* A~j H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf akl \a] I|‘jklg^^)j]l]flagf ae CafZda[c Ym^ \a] Q]jjaf_]jmf_ \a^^mk]j =]dYklmf_]f Ymk \]j GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l Z]kgf\]jkoa[‘la_*

<m^_jmf\ _]|f\]jl]j }cgfgeak[‘]j MY‘e]fZ]\af_mf_]f( \]j Pek]lrmf_ \]j ]mjgh|ak[‘]f Pe)o]dlja[‘ldafa]f mf\ hj|rak]j]j Qgj‘]jkY_]f \]k FdaeYoYf\]dfk oaj\ \Yk Hggjk[‘mlrcgfr]hl HQYclm]dd ~Z]jYjZ]al]l* Um \]f N[‘o]jhmfcl]f \]j zZ]jYjZ]almf_ _]‘}j]f AjY_]f \]k <fZYmkfY[‘oY[‘k]f\]j Mg‘klg^^] $o]d[‘] K^dYfr]f kaf\ Ym^ o]d[‘]f HggjklYf\gjl]f _]]a_f]l%( H}_)da[‘c]al]f \]j Na[‘]jmf_ _Yfrb|‘ja_ ‘g‘]j HggjoYkk]jkl|f\] Ym^ J^^]fdYf\klYf\gjl]f( \a] hj|)ea]f^|‘a_ Zd]aZ]f( o]al]j‘af \]j kgraYdn]jlj|_da[‘] M~[crm_ Ymk la]^ da]_]f\]f HggjklYf\gjl]f$Kgd\]j_]Za]l]%( \a] Jhlaea]jmf_ \]j RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_+ )‘Ydlmf_ ngf RYd\eggj]f kgoa] \a]H}_da[‘c]al]f( \a] j]fYlmja]jl] Hggj] ^~j \]f IYlmj)Ogmjakemk Za]l]f*

FSS\aO\WS‘c\Ua% c\R ESabOc‘WS‘c\Ua^‘]U‘O[[ @SQYZS\Pc‘U%I]‘^][[S‘\

?Yk NYfa]jmf_k) mf\ M]klYmja]jmf_khjg_jYee af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf ‘Yl \Yk Ua]d( \a] RYk)k]jZ]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al \]j GYf\]kk]]f fY[‘‘Ydla_ rm n]jZ]kk]jf* ?a]k] oaj\ ae o]k]flda[‘]f \mj[‘ \a]Ojgh‘a]kalmYlagf( Ydkg \]j Dfl]fkal|l \]j <d_]fhjg\mclagf Z]klaeel* Df \a]k]e UmkYee]f‘Yf__adl( \Ykk ]af] NYfa]jmf_ ¡ Ydkg Z]dYklmf_keaf\]jf\] HY{fY‘e]f ae @afrm_k_]Za]l ¡ _]f]j]dd ngj]af]j M]klYmja]jmf_ Zro* fmj \Yff _d]a[‘r]ala_ _]eY[‘l oaj\( o]ff ]af NYfa]jmf_k]j^gd_ YZk]‘ZYjakl* ?YZ]a o]j\]f fY[‘‘Ydla_] HY{fY‘e]f Zro* HY{fY‘e]fcgeZafYlagf]f Z]ngjrm_l( \a] \]fPjkY[‘]f \]j @mljgh‘a]jmf_ $zZ]jdYklmf_ eal I|‘jklg^^]f% ]fl_]_]foajc]f*

R]_]f \]j ‘g‘]f Fgkl]f mf\ ?Ym]j \]j NYfa]jmf_k) mf\ M]klYmja]jmf_ emkk ]af] <mkoY‘d ngfN]]f eal _jg{]e CYf\dmf_kZ]\Yj^ _]ljg^^]f o]j\]f* ?a]k] Kjagjal|l]fdakl] oaj\ af b|‘jda[‘]f <Z)kl|f\]f ~Z]jhj~^l mf\ Z]a =]\Yj^ YclmYdaka]jl*

99

A~j b]\]k ]afr]df] NYfa]jmf_k) mf\ M]klYmja]jmf_kngj‘YZ]f kaf\ me^Yf_j]a[‘] daefgdg_ak[‘]$_]o|kk]jcmf\da[‘]% Qgjmfl]jkm[‘mf_]f fglo]f\a_( af \]j]f @j_]Zfak HY[‘ZYjc]alkklm\a]f ]j)kl]ddl o]j\]f* Df \a]k]f oaj\ \a] ]^^]clankl] NYfa]jmf_k) mf\ M]klYmja]jmf_kkljYl]_a] ^~j \]f Z]lj]^)^]f\]f N]] ^]kl_]d]_l kgoa] \a] Fgkl]f ]jeall]dl* Dkl \a] AafYfra]jmf_ _]ka[‘]jl( oaj\ \Yk Qgj‘YZ]faf_]fa]mjl][‘fak[‘ _]hdYfl( Ymk_]^~‘jl mf\ Z]_d]al]f\ mfl]jkm[‘l*?a] Zak‘]ja_]f @j^Y‘jmf_]f r]a_]f( \Ykk ka[‘ \Yk Kjg_jYee fmj af UmkYee]fYjZ]al Ydd]j KYjlf]jj]Ydaka]j]f d|kkl* N]al \Yk Fgfr]hl -555 Z]kl|la_l omj\]( kaf\ [Y* ., Qgj‘YZ]f ]j^gd_j]a[‘ Z]]f\]logj\]f( mf\ ]k r]a[‘f]l ka[‘ YZ( \Ykk \Yk NYfa]jmf_k) mf\ M]klYmja]jmf_khjg_jYee ]af N[‘o]j)hmfcl af \]j Peo]dlhgdalac \]j f|[‘kl]f EY‘j] k]af oaj\*

C‘W]‘WbpbS\Y]\hS^b hc‘ CZO\c\U c\R JWSRS‘VS‘abSZZc\U RS‘ qY]Z]UWaQVS\ 7c‘QVUp\UWUYSWbW\ RS\ 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘\ @SQYZS\Pc‘U%I]‘^][[S‘\a

Df \]f n]j_Yf_]f]f EY‘j]f mf\ EY‘jr]‘fl]f kaf\ Z]j]alk Q]jZ]kk]jmf_]f Z]a \]j ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al\]j Ada]{_]o|kk]j ]jj]a[‘l ogj\]f* UY‘dj]a[‘] Aak[‘Ym^kla]_kYfdY_]f omj\]f ]jja[‘l]l( n]jk[‘a])\]flda[‘ omj\]f fa[‘l e]‘j Z]f}la_l] R]‘j] mf\ Yf\]j] Lm]jZYmo]jc] Z]k]ala_l* ?YZ]a ‘Yf\]dl]]k ka[‘ g^l me @afr]deY{fY‘e]f ngf dgcYd]j =]\]mlmf_* =]a \]j Qa]drY‘d \]j ngj‘Yf\]f]f Lm]j)ZYmo]jc] af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf akl ]k rmj ]j^gd_j]a[‘]f Pek]lrmf_ \]j RYkk]jjY‘e]f)ja[‘ldafa] mf\ \]j AYmfY)AdgjY)CYZalYl)Ma[‘ldafa] YZ]j ]j^gj\]jda[‘( dYf\]ko]al cggj\afa]jl mf\ ]af)rm_k_]Za]lkZ]rg_]f ngjrm_]‘]f mf\ Kjagjal|l]f ^]klrmd]_]f*

Umf|[‘kl omj\] \a] hjafraha]dd] C]jYf_]‘]fko]ak] rmj Kjagjal|l]fk]lrmf_ ]jYjZ]al]l* Df ]af]e ]jk)l]f N[‘jall omj\]f hjagjal|j rm Z]j~[cka[‘la_]f\] Aak[‘Yjl]f ]jeall]dl* Df ]af]j ^~f^klm^a_]f =]o]j)lmf_kkcYdY omj\]f \a] rmj Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]k KghmdYlagfkrmklYf\]k \a]k]j <jl]f rm n]j|f\]jf\]f=Ymo]jc] kgoa] \a] e~f\mf_kfY‘]f =Ymo]jc] Z]j~[cka[‘la_l* <m^ \a]k]j Bjmf\dY_] omj\]f ^~jb]\]k @afrm_k_]Za]l \a] ngj‘Yf\]f]f Lm]jZYmo]jc] Z]o]jl]l* ?Yk Kjagjal|l]fcgfr]hl akl ^~j oYk)k]joajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]( fYlmjk[‘mlr) mf\ ^ak[‘]j]a^Y[‘da[‘] AjY_]kl]ddmf_]f _d]a[‘]jeY{]f fmlrZYj mf\_adl ^~j Ada]{_]o|kk]j eal @afrm_k_]Za]l]f YZ ]af]j Bj}{] ngf -, ceu* ?Yk Fgfr]hl _aZl ae Naff]]af]j ~Z]jj]_agfYd]f @floa[cdmf_khdYfmf_ \]f MY‘e]f ^~j \a] rmc~f^la_] Qgj_]‘]fko]ak] Z]a\]j Q]jZ]kk]jmf_ \]j }cgdg_ak[‘]f ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al \]j B]o|kk]j af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jfngj* <clmYdaka]jmf_]f mf\ <fhYkkmf_]f \]k Fgfr]hl]k kaf\ Ym^_jmf\ ngf ka[‘ o]al]j ]floa[c]df)\]f F]fflfakk]f mf\ \]j =]k]ala_mf_ g\]j Pe_]klYdlmf_ ngf Lm]jZYmo]jc]f ae Naff] ]af]j Agjl)k[‘j]aZmf_ ngj_]k]‘]f* ?a] @j_]Zfakk] \]k ngjda]_]f\]f Kjagjal|l]fcgfr]hlk kaf\ Z]j]alk af \a]=]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfmf_ \]j Admkk_]Za]lk_]e]afk[‘Y^l ]af_]^dgkk]f*

@O\OUS[S\b^ZO\c\U Tr‘ AObc‘O *(((

?a] fY[‘ @B)RMMG rm Z]j~[cka[‘la_]f\]f Ua]d] ^~j IYlmjY .,,, ]j_]Z]f ka[‘ Ymk \]f N[‘mlr_])Za]lkn]jgj\fmf_]f kgoa] \]j HYfY_]e]flhdYfmf_ af IYlmjY .,,, B]Za]l]f* ?a] HYfY_]e]fl)hdYfmf_ akl aff]j‘YdZ \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] fg[‘ fa[‘l YZ_]k[‘dgkk]f mf\ ]j^gd_l Ym^ Bjmf\dY_]]af]k AY[‘d]al^Y\]fk ngf .,,4*

?Yeal \a] @j‘Ydlmf_kra]d] ^~j AAC) mf\ Qg_]dk[‘mlr_]Za]l] Z]a \]f oYkk]joajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f B]o|k)k]jj]fYlmja]jmf_keY{fY‘e]f Z]j~[cka[‘la_l mf\( kgo]al e}_da[‘( Ym[‘ eal me_]k]lrl o]j\]fc}ff]f( oaj\ \a] IYlmjk[‘mlrn]joYdlmf_ afl]fkan af \a] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kngjhdYfmf_]f $ka]‘] mf)l]f% ]afZ]rg_]f* ?Yj~Z]j ‘afYmk ]j^gd_]f fYlmjk[‘mlr^Y[‘da[‘] HY{fY‘e]f rme N[‘mlr \]j AAC)G]Z]fkjYmelqh]f mf\ AAC)<jl]f Yf B]o|kk]jf mf\ A]m[‘ld]Z]fkj|me]f*

Bjmf\k|lrda[‘ oaj\ ngf o]al]j_]‘]f\]f IYlmjk[‘mlrra]d]f Ymk_]_Yf_]f( o]ff ^gd_]f\] B]o|k)k]j) g\]j _]o|kk]jYZ‘|f_a_] G]Z]fkjYmelqh]f $GMO% g\]j <jl]f \]j <f‘|f_] D mf\ DD fY[‘ \]jAAC)MG ngjda]_]f6

· GMO /-/, I|‘jklg^^Yje] Zak e|{a_ f|‘jklg^^j]a[‘] Nladd_]o|kk]j(

· GMO /-0, I|‘jklg^^Yje] Zak e|{a_ f|‘jklg^^j]a[‘] Nladd_]o|kk]j(

100

· GMO /.2, Ada]{_]o|kk]j eal ^dml]f\]j RYkk]jn]_]lYlagf(

· GMO 5-@, @jd]f)@k[‘]f)R|d\]j

· <jl]f6 B]e]af] Admkkemk[‘]d( =all]jdaf_( MYh^]f( Admkkf]mfYm_]( =Y[‘f]mfYm_]( Nl]afZ]a){]j( N[‘dYeeh]alr_]j

DfkZ]kgf\]j] ^~j \a] G]Z]fkjYmelqh]f mf\ <jlngjcgee]f ae mf_~fkla_]f @j‘Ydlmf_krmklYf\o]j\]f ae MY‘e]f \]j HYfY_]e]flhdYfmf_ @floa[cdmf_kra]d] ^]kl_]d]_l* Ca]jYmk ]j_]Z]f ka[‘\a] Ymk fYlmjk[‘mlr^Y[‘da[‘]j Na[‘l hjagjal|j]f HY{fY‘e]f rmj Pek]lrmf_ \]j AAC)Ma[‘ldafa]( \a](kg^]jf ka] ]af]f RYkk]jc}jh]j Z]lj]^^]f( rm_d]a[‘ _jmf\d]_]f\] HY{fY‘e]f ae Naff] \]j RYkk]j)jY‘e]fja[‘ldafa] kaf\*

?a] Ua]d] \]j B]Za]lkYf^gj\]jmf_]f kaf\ Z]a Ydd]f Qgj‘YZ]f mf\ Kjgb]clhdYfmf_]f rm Z]j~[cka[‘)la_]f* zZ]j \a] hjgb]clZ]rg_]f]f AAC)Q]jlj|_da[‘c]alkhj~^mf_]f oaj\ ka[‘]j_]kl]ddl( \Ykk \a] rmjPek]lrmf_ \]k =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfk mf\ HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYeek ]j^gj\]jda[‘]f HY{fY‘e]fae @afcdYf_ eal IYlmjY .,,, kl]‘]f*

5SeW‘baQVOTbc\Uad]‘^ZO\c\U W\ RS\ 5SO‘PSWbc\UaUSPWSbS\

Df \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al o]j\]f Zak ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ .,,5 Ydd] Ada]{_]o|kk]jc}jh]j ]af]j \]lYadda]j)l]f KdYfmf_ mfl]jrg_]f $=]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kngjhdYfmf_%* A~j \a] B]o|kk]j \]j =]YjZ]almf_k_]Za]l]omj\]f ?]^aral]( UmklYf\k]afklm^mf_]f( M]kljaclagf]f( @floa[cdmf_kra]d]( HY{fY‘e]f( HY{fY‘)e]fYcr]hlYfr]f mf\ =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d] af <jZ]alkcj]ak]f ]jeall]dl* ?a] HY{fY‘e]f omj\]ffY[‘ a‘j]j @^^ara]fr( \]j <f_]e]kk]f‘]al \]j Fgkl]f( \]j <cr]hlYfr mf\ \]j l][‘fak[‘]f ?mj[‘)^~‘jZYjc]al hjagjaka]jl * Df \]f <jZ]alkcj]ak]f omj\]f mfl]j A]\]j^~‘jmf_ \]j NlYYlda[‘]f xel]j ^~jPeo]dl mf\ IYlmj Ydd] Z]ljg^^]f]f AY[‘Z]‘}j\]f mf\ Nl]dd]f kgoa] afl]j]kka]jl] =~j_]j rmkYe)e]f_]^~‘jl* ?a] <Zklaeemf_]f af \]f <jZ]alkcj]ak]f ]j^gd_l]f _jmf\k|lrda[‘ cgfk]fkgja]fla]jl*

GOPSZZS <<&0%) _aZl ]af] zZ]jka[‘l ~Z]j \a] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfmf_]f \]j =]YjZ]almf_k_]Za]l]*zZ]j \]f b]o]ada_]f Gafc Ym^ \Yk y^^]flda[‘] Agjme \]j Dfl]jf]lhdYll^gje ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l$G|f\]jaf^gjeYlagf]f+H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf+Nl<PI***+<Z_]k[‘dgkk]f] KdYfmf_]f% c}ff]f\a] <jZ]alk]j_]Zfakk] Yf_]k]‘]f mf\ ‘]jmfl]j_]dY\]f o]j\]f* <m[‘ \]j Yclm]dd] ?Yl]fljYfk^]jaff]j‘YdZ \]j <jZ]alkcj]ak] oaj\ ~Z]j \a]k] Dfl]jf]lhdYll^gje YZ_]oa[c]dl*

?a] YZ_]k[‘dgkk]f]f KdYfmf_]f \]j <jZ]alkcj]ak] kaf\ Bjmf\dY_] ^~j \a] Yfk[‘da]{]f\] Kjagjaka])jmf_ ngf ngj_]k[‘dY_]f]f HY{fY‘e]f Ym^ @Z]f] \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al*

101

GOP& <<&0%)6 5PaT\^]NSLQ^_XR]‘Y\ZVLX_XRPX TX OPX 5PL\MPT^_XR]RPMTP^PX OP\ 9:8 JL\XYa’CPPXP

Fb4HA 5SO‘PSWbc\UaUSPWSb5SeW‘baQVOTbc\Uad]‘^ZO\c\U

?W\Y hc JOaaS‘PZWQY">c‘hPS‘WQVbS$ nPS‘aWQVbaYO‘bS\ cae&#

Fb4HA · <m_jYZ]f fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

AScP‘O\RS\Pc‘U · Jklh]]f] fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· Fm[cm[ck_jYZ]f mf\ BYd_]fZY[‘ fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· Gaf\] ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+0-/.4+;dYf_9\]

· K]]f] ngf HYd[‘af]j N]] ZakFmee]jgo]j N]]( Gmh]fZY[‘

fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· K]]f] ngf Fmee]jgo]j N]] ZakEYje]f

fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· Ogdd]fk]6 Ua]eZY[‘( Igff]fZY[‘(?Ylr]

‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+4,041+;dYf_9\]

· Ogdd]fk]6 HYddaf]j RYkk]j ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+4,042+;dYf_9\]

· Ogdd]fk]6 Bjg{]j mf\ Fd]af]j GYf\)_jYZ]f( =Y[‘ Ymk N[‘eYjkgo( =Y[‘Ymk Na]\]fZ~kkgo

‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+440.2+;dYf_9\]

· Ogdd]fk]6 O]]lrd]Z]f]j H~‘dZY[‘(Ogjf]qZY[‘( Bgd\ZY[‘

‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+4,044+;dYf_9\]

· Ogdd]fk])CYmhldYm^ ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+4,045+;dYf_9\]

Fb4HA · <m_jYZ]f ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+00.4,+;dYf_9\]

E]ab]QY · =]c] mf\ Um^d~kk] ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+4/,44+;dYf_9\]

· >YjZ|c ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+00.3-+;dYf_9\]

· ?gZ]jYf]j NlY\lZ|[‘] ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+4.003+;dYf_9\]

· Amd_]fZY[‘ ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+4.2,1+;dYf_9\]

· C]ddZY[‘ mf\ Um^d~kk] ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+4.224+;dYf_9\]

· Cm[cklgj^]j =Y[‘ ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+4.00/+;dYf_9\]

· F}kl]jZ][c ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+00.34+;dYf_9\]

· Halld]j] mf\ Pfl]j] RYjfgo fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· I]Z]d fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· K]]r]j =Y[‘ ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+/25/4+;dYf_9\]

· MY\]dZY[‘ ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+00.30+;dYf_9\]

· M][cfalr mf\ I]Z]f_]o|kk]j ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+00/.,+;dYf_9\]

· NYdr‘Y^^rm^d~kk] ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+4.2,3+;dYf_9\]

· N[‘eYjd]j =Y[‘ ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+4.001+;dYf_9\]

· Nljge_jYZ]f ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+00.31+;dYf_9\]

· O]m[‘]dZY[‘ ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+00.35+;dYf_9\]

· Pfl]joYjfgo fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· RYddZY[‘ ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+/2504+;dYf_9\]

· UYjfgo ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+00.33+;dYf_9\]

Fb4HA · =jm]d]j =Y[‘ fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

FQVeS‘W\ · JZ]j] Had\]falr fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· JZ]j] RYjfgo fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· F~kl]frm^d~kk] IRH fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· Pfl]j] Had\]falr ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+24.52+;dYf_9\]

· RYdd]fkl]af_jYZ]f fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

Fb4HA · =Yjl‘] mf\ NYYd]j =Y[‘ ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+32105+;dYf_9\]

Fb‘OZac\R · BjYZ]f Ymk Fmee]jgo)C]a\] fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· CYmZY[‘ ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+0.-31+;dYf_9\]

· Fdgkl]jZY[‘ ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+35413+;dYf_9\]

· Kgd\]j =gjf fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· Kgd\]j Iak\gj^ fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· Kgd\]j N[‘oaf_]deggj fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· Kj]jgo]j Nljge fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

102

Agjlk]lrmf_ · Kjg‘f]j =Y[‘ ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+0..55+;dYf_9\]

Nl<PI NljYdkmf\ · M][cfalr mf\ I]Z]f_]o|kk]j ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+34-4/+;dYf_9\]

· M~_]f ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+4/4..+;dYf_9\]

· Mq[c( =]]c mf\ Kgd\]j FYjj]f\gj^ ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+420.,+;dYf_9\]

· NljYdkmf\]j NlY\ll]a[‘]( <f\]jk)‘g^]j O]a[‘( Hadlrgo]j H~‘dZY[‘(M]afZ]j_]j =]c

‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+43//1+;dYf_9\]

· Oj]Z]d ]afk[‘d* OYf_jaekZY[‘ fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· P‘d]fZ|c fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· Uahc]j =Y[‘ fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

Fb4HA · <fcdYe]j H~‘d_jYZ]f ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+4/2.-+;dYf_9\]

HSQYS‘[r\RS · A]kldYf\rm^d~kk] K]]f]kljge ‘llh6++ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l+k]jnd]l+ak+4/2.2+;dYf_9\]

· Dfk]d Pk]\ge( Um^d~kk] Jklk]] mf\K]]f]kljge

fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· Halld]j] K]]f] EYje]f fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· N[‘oaf_] fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· Pfl]j] K]]f] <fcdYe fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

· Ua]k] fg[‘ af =]YjZ]almf_

;W\bS‘U‘c\RW\T]‘[ObW]\S\

?a] ^gd_]f\] Gakl] ]fl‘|dl ]af] zZ]jka[‘l ~Z]j ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ eal \]j Pek]lrmf_ \]j @B)RMMG af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] Yf_]^]jla_l] Kjgb]cl]* ?a] =]ja[‘l] c}ff]f Z]a =]\Yj^ Z]ae GYf)\]kYel ^~j Peo]dl mf\ IYlmj H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf ]af_]k]‘]f o]j\]f* Na] da]_]f af \]jM]_]d Ym[‘ ]d]cljgfak[‘ ngj mf\ c}ff]f Ydk ?gcme]fl rmj Q]j^~_mf_ _]kl]ddl o]j\]f*

Tab. II.10-1: Hintergrundmaterialien zur Umsetzung der EG-WRRL in der FGE Warnow/Peene

VBDN 9 RMMG)BDN)Kjgb]cl \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]7 =< 9 =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e]7 HgK 9 Hgfalgjaf_hjg_jYee7 z=U 9 ~Z]jj]_agfYd] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d]7 HK 9HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee7 =K 9 =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfW

Kjgb]cl ]jkl]ddlZak

BDN =< HgK z=U HK =K =]e]jcmf_]f

?a] Ada]{_]o|kk]j H)Qk ¡ @j_]Zfakk] \]j B~l]~Z]joY[‘mf_ Yf Oj]f\)e]kkkl]dd]f( O]ad D6 K‘qkacYdak[‘)[‘]eak[‘] F]ff_j}{]f

,-*,. p p p p N[‘ja^l]fj]a‘] \]k GPIB Ij* ,-+.,,.

<m^k]lr]f \]j B]gn]clgj\Yl]f \]j ZakdYf_ ]j^gd_l]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jkljmc)lmj_~l]cYjla]jmf_ HQ mf\ \]j Lm]jZYmo]jc] Ymk \]j NlYlmk)img)<fYdqk] rme Ada]{_]o|kk]jk[‘mlr Ym^ \Yk \a_alYd] B]o|kk]jf]lr \]j AB@ae ?GH+.1+R

,5*,. p p =YkakeYl]jaYd ^~j \a] _]o|kk]jjgml]fZ]rg_]f]?Yl]f]j^Ykkmf_

G]al^Y\]f rmj @jealldmf_ ka_fa^acYfl]j Yfl‘jghg_]f]j =]dYklmf_]f mf\a‘j]j <mkoajcmf_]f Ym^ \a] RYkk]jc}jh]j af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]

-.*,. p p

@jealldmf_ mf\ KdYmkaZadal|lkhj~^mf_ ngf ngj‘Yf\]f]f ?Yl]f ~Z]j ka_fa)^acYfl] Yfl‘jghg_]f] =]dYklmf_]f Ymk Kmfclim]dd]f( \]k e]f_]fe|{a)_]f UmklYf\k( ka_fa^acYfl] <Z^dmkkj]_mda]jmf_]f( ka_fa^acYfl] egjh‘gdg)_ak[‘] Q]j|f\]jmf_]f mf\ Yf\]j] ka_fa^acYfl] Yfl‘jghg_]f] =]dYklmf)_]f Ym^ \a] Ada]{) mf\ NlYf\_]o|kk]jc}jh]j

-.*,/ p p p

zZ]jYjZ]almf_( ?Yjkl]ddmf_ mf\ Fgee]fla]jmf_ \]j Cq\jg\qfYeac ^~j\]f gZ]j]f _jg{j|mea_ rmkYee]f‘|f_]f\]f Bjmf\oYkk]jd]al]j af \]jAB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]

,.*,/ p p p Bjmf\dY_]feYl]jaYd rmj @jkl]ddmf_ \]j Bjmf\)oYkk]j\qfYeac mf\ <Z_j]frmf_ \]j Bjmf\oYk)k]jc}jh]j

N[Yff]f( B]gj]^]j]fra]jmf_( O]ad\a_alYdaka]jmf_ ngf JZb]cl]f \]j Admj)e]dagjYlagf

,/*,/* p p p @j^Ykkmf_ hgl]fla]dd \a^^mk]j =]dYklmf_kim]dd]f

@jYjZ]almf_ ]af]j <Z^dmkkkh]f\]f)( ?mj[‘^dmkkcYjl] HL<m_mkl $5, "zZ]jk[‘j]almf_koY‘jk[‘]afda[‘c]al% a*N* HIi+HIL mf\ \]j ealld]j]f<Z^dmkkkh]f\]f( ?mj[‘^d~kk] $Hi+HL%

,4*,/ p p p Bjmf\dY_]feYl]jaYd rmj LmYfla^ara]jmf_ + AjY[‘)l]jealldmf_ + =adYfra]jmf_ ngf \a^^mk]f =]dYk)lmf_]f af \]f JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]jf

@jealldmf_ mf\ KdYmkaZadal|lkhj~^mf_ Yfl‘jghg_]f]j ka_fa^acYfl]j =]dYk)lmf_]f \]k e]f_]fe|{a_]f mf\ \]k [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\]k \]jBjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j

-,*,/ p p p UmklYf\k]jealldmf_+KdYmkaZadal|lk~Z]jhj~^mf_H]f_]+=]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j

Qgj)Jjl)Nljmclmj_~l]cYjla]jmf_ ^~j \a] @jealldmf_ \]k ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_a)k[‘]f UmklYf\]k Ymk_]o|‘dl] Ada]{_]o|kk]j mf\ )YZk[‘fall] af \]j AB@

e]‘j]j]EY‘j] Zak

-.*,2

p p p p p UmklYf\k]jealldmf_ Cq\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘] LmY)dal|lkcgehgf]fl]

Gm^lZad\)NljmclmjcYjla]jmf_ ^~j \a] @jealldmf_ \]k ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]fUmklYf\]k Ymk_]o|‘dl] Ada]{_]o|kk]j mf\ )YZk[‘fall] af \]j AB@

,2*,/ p p p p p Q]j^Y‘j]fk]jYjZ]almf_ + UmklYf\k]jealldmf_Cq\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl]

Tab. II.10-1: Hintergrundmaterialien zur Umsetzung der EG-WRRL in der FGE Warnow/Peene$ 9Y\^]P^d_XR

VBDN 9 RMMG)BDN)Kjgb]cl \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]7 =< 9 =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e]7 HgK 9 Hgfalgjaf_hjg_jYee7 z=U 9 ~Z]jj]_agfYd] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d]7 HK 9HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee7 =K 9 =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfW

Kjgb]cl ]jkl]ddlZak

BDN =< HgK z=U HK =K =]e]jcmf_]f

Q]j^Y‘j]f rmj @jealldmf_ ]j‘]Zda[‘ n]j|f\]jl]j + c~fklda[‘]j RYkk]jc}j)h]j

,4*,/ p p p Q]j^Y‘j]fk]floa[cdmf_ rmj ]af‘]alda[‘]f Qgj_])‘]fko]ak] af \]j AB@

Nqkl]eYlac ^~j \a] @j^Ykkmf_ eal \]e Bjmf\oYkk]j af Q]jZaf\mf_ kl])‘]f\]f JZ]j^d|[‘]f_]o|kk]jkqkl]e] mf\ GYf\}cgkqkl]e] mf\ \]j]fYfl‘jghg_]f]j =]]aflj|[‘la_mf_]f

-,*,/ p p p

@jYjZ]almf_ ]af]k Fgfr]hl]k ^~j \a] Qgj_]‘]fko]ak] Z]a \]j =])klYf\kYm^fY‘e] ngf ka_fa^acYfl]f Yfl‘jghg_]f]f =]dYklmf_]f ae F~k)l]f_]o|kk]j af \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]

--*,/ p p p

Q]j^Y‘j]fk]floa[cdmf_ ^~j \a] Gm^lZad\cYjla]jmf_ kgoa] \a] <mk^~‘jmf_\a]k]j rmj =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] \]k NljmclmjrmklYf\]k \]j N]]m^]j Z]aN]]f ³ 1, ‘Y

--*,/ p p p UmklYf\k]jealldmf_ Cq\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘] LmY)dal|lkcgehgf]fl] af NlYf\_]o|kk]jf

Oqhaka]jmf_ \]j N]]m^]j rmj =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] \]k NljmclmjrmklYf\]k\]j P^]j ngf N]]f ³ 1, ‘Y af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf

.,,0 p mfn]j}^^]fld* =]ja[‘l( -, N*

<mkZad\mf_ ngf Mgml]fkqkl]e]f ^~j \a] P^]jdafa]f \]j RMMG)j]d]nYfl]fN]]f af \]j AB@

,/*,0 p p =Ykak_]ge]lja]f ^~j \a] cgjj]cl] <ZZad\mf_ ae?GH+.1+R

@jkl]ddmf_ ]af]j \a_alYd]f Ada]{_]o|kk]j)Oqh]fcYjl] ^~j H)Q Ym^ =Ykak \]k?GH .1 R Ydk Bjmf\dY_] ^~j \a] RYkk]jc}jh]jYmkZad\mf_ ae MY‘e]f \]jOqhaka]jmf_ fY[‘ RMMG

,/*,0 p p p p

@jealldmf_ \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jf]mZad\mf_ af \]f Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf ,4*,0 p p p Bjmf\dY_]f\Yl]f ^~j UmklYf\ H]f_] \]j Bjmf\)oYkk]jc}jh]j

@jealldmf_ ngf Bjmf\dY_]f ^~j \a] Rajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] <fYdqk] _]e|{ @P)RYkk]jjY‘e]fja[‘ldafa] mf\ @jYjZ]almf_ \]k ]j^gj\]jda[‘]f HYl]jaYdk ^~j\a] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f]

--*,0 p p

<Z_d]a[‘ \]j Fgjj]clmje]d\mf_]f mf\ \a_alYd]f Df^gjeYlagf rm Q]jjg‘)jmf_]f \]j oYkk]jjY‘e]fja[‘ldafa]fj]d]nYfl]f Ada]{_]o|kk]j Ym^ \]jBjmf\dY_] \]k ?GH+.1+R

--*,/ p p =Ykak\Yl]f ^~j \a] <ZZad\mf_ ]af]k cgjj]cl]fB]o|kk]jf]lr]k

M]_agfYdaka]jmf_ ngf klg^^da[‘]f Bjmf\oYkk]jZ]dYklmf_]f af \]j AB@RYjfgo+K]]f] ’ <clmYdaka]jmf_

--*,0’--+,3

p p p p p GgcYdaka]jmf_ \a^^mk]j =]dYklmf_]f af \]f Bjmf\)oYkk]jc}jh]jf

ycgdg_ak[‘] =]o]jlmf_ ngf Ada]{_]o|kk]jf fY[‘ N]]Ymk^d~kk]f ,/*,0 p p

Tab. II.10-1: Hintergrundmaterialien zur Umsetzung der EG-WRRL in der FGE Warnow/Peene$ 9Y\^]P^d_XR

VBDN 9 RMMG)BDN)Kjgb]cl \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]7 =< 9 =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e]7 HgK 9 Hgfalgjaf_hjg_jYee7 z=U 9 ~Z]jj]_agfYd] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d]7 HK 9HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee7 =K 9 =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfW

Kjgb]cl ]jkl]ddlZak

BDN =< HgK z=U HK =K =]e]jcmf_]f

GgcYdaka]jmf_ mf\ Zagr}fglak[‘] Q]ja^ara]jmf_ \]k Oqhk£M~[c_]klYml]+ZjY[coYkk]jZ]]af^dmkkl] Jklk]]rm^d~kk]¢ afH)Q Yf‘Yf\ \]k HYcjgrggZ]fl‘gk

-.*,0 p p Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f .,,/

@j_|fr]f\] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f ngf Oqh)./)B]o|kk]jf af H)Q ae MY‘e]f \]j =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] rmj RYkk]jjY‘e]f)ja[‘ldafa]

-.*,0 p p Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f .,,0

Fgfr]hlagf rmj <Zd]almf_ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f Kgl]flaYdk \]jAda]{_]o|kk]j af H)Q

,.*,1 p p Nlm\a] ae <m^ljY_ \]k GPIB

<Zk[‘da]{]f\] <jZ]al]f rmj Dfl]_jYlagf \]j Ada]{_]o|kk]jIgj\) mf\ Igj\gkl\]mlk[‘dYf\k af \Yk Zmf\]ko]al] Oq)h]f) mf\ =]o]jlmf_kkqkl]e

,/*,1 p p Kjgb]cl J .-*,/ \]j =mf\+G|f\]j)<jZ]alk_]e]afk[‘Y^l RYkk]j$G<R<%

Fgfr]hl mf\ G]aklmf_kZad\ ^~j \a] ngjZ]j]al]f\]f <jZ]a)l]f rmj <m^kl]ddmf_ \]k HY{fY‘e]hjg_jYeek mf\ =])oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf]k $=]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kngjhdYfmf_% af\]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]

,3*,1^^*

p p p QgjZ]j]almf_ \]j =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kngjhdYfmf_]f $=QK% af \]fNlYYlda[‘]f xel]jf ^~j Peo]dl mf\ IYlmj

=]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] .,,0 fY[‘ RYkk]jjY‘e]fja[‘ldafa] af\]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f]

,4+,1 p p ?jm[ck[‘ja^l \]k GPIB( .,,1

GgcYdaka]jmf_ n* Bjmf\oYkk]je]kkkl]dd]f af =]dYklmf_k)_]Za]l]f \]j Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]j

,4*,1 p p p p p QgjZ]j]almf_ Hgfalgjaf_hjg_jYee Bjmf\oYkk]j

?a] Aak[‘^YmfY \]j cd]af]f Ada]{_]o|kk]j Igj\) mf\Igj\gkl\]mlk[‘dYf\k

,5*,1 p Kjgb]cl J ..*,/ \]j =mf\+G|f\]j)<jZ]alk_]e]afk[‘Y^l RYkk]j$G<R<%

Ada]{_]o|kk]jlqhaka]jmf_ af H][cd]fZmj_ ) Qgjhgee]jf --*,1 p p p N[‘ja^l]fj]a‘] \]k GPIB .,,1( C]^l /Q]j^Y‘j]fkYfd]almf_ rmj }cgdg_ak[‘]f =]o]jlmf_ ngfAda]{_]o|kk]jf af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf eall]dkNlYf\gjllqha]af\]p

,.*,.Zak

--*,1

p p p N[‘ja^l]fj]a‘] \]k GPIB Ij* ,.+.,,.( rmj Pfl]jkl~lrmf_ \]j }cg)dg_ak[‘]f =]o]jlmf_ fY[‘ K@MGJ?@N mf\ KCTGD=

CYf\Zm[‘ rmj ^ak[‘ZYka]jl]f =]o]jlmf_ ngf Ada]{_]o|k)k]jf $AD=N%

-.*,1 p p ka]‘] ooo*dnn_)Zo*\]( \gjl o]al]j mfl]j £Aak[‘]j]a^gjk[‘mf_kkl]d)d]¢ mf\ £RMMG¢ $CYf\Zm[‘ mf\ =]o]jlmf_kkg^loYj]%

Oqhaka]jmf_ \]j N]]m^]j rmj =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e] \]k Nljmc)lmjrmklYf\]k \]j P^]j ngf N]]f ³ 1, ‘Y af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf

.,,0 p mfn]j}^^]fld* =]ja[‘l( -, N*

Tab. II.10-1: Hintergrundmaterialien zur Umsetzung der EG-WRRL in der FGE Warnow/Peene$ 9Y\^]P^d_XR

VBDN 9 RMMG)BDN)Kjgb]cl \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]7 =< 9 =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e]7 HgK 9 Hgfalgjaf_hjg_jYee7 z=U 9 ~Z]jj]_agfYd] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d]7 HK 9HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee7 =K 9 =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfW

Kjgb]cl ]jkl]ddlZak

BDN =< HgK z=U HK =K =]e]jcmf_]f

CYf\dmf_kYfo]akmf_ ^~j \a] }cgdg_ak[‘] =]o]jlmf_ ngf Ada]{_]o|k)k]jf Yf‘Yf\ \]j HYcjgh‘ql]f mf\ \]k K‘qlgZ]fl‘gk $KCTGD=)Q]j^Y‘j]f%

,-*,2 p p ka]‘] Ym[‘ooo*d^m*ZYq]jf*\]+oYkk]j+^gjk[‘mf_Xmf\Xhjgb]cl]+o]d[ge]*‘le

H]l‘g\ak[‘]k CYf\Zm[‘ Ada]{_]o|kk]jZ]o]jlmf_ Ym^ =Ykak \]k HYcjg)rggZ]fl‘gk

,1*,2 p p p ka]‘] ooo*^da]kk_]oY]kk]jZ]o]jlmf_*\] $K@M)GJ?@N mf\ =]o]jlmf_kkg^loYj] <NO@MD>N%

Nl][cZja]^] \]j Zagr}fglak[‘ Z]\]mlkYe]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jlqh]f ?]mlk[‘)dYf\k $NlYf\6 Ign]eZ]j .,,2( YclmYdaka]jl .,,4%

--*,2 p p p ka]‘] ooo*meo]dlZmf\]kYel*\] $B]o|kk]j)k[‘mlr%( ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l $Df^gjeYlagf]f+HYl]jaYda]f \]j GYoY( Ada]{_]o|kk]jlqh]f% g\]jooo*^da]kk_]oY]kk]jZ]o]jlmf_*\]

CYf\Zm[‘ rme =]o]jlmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f ngf Ada]{_]o|kk]jf eall]dk K‘q)lghdYfclgf rmj Pek]lrmf_ \]j @P)RMMG af ?]mlk[‘dYf\

--*,2 p p Kjgb]cl J /*,1 \]j =mf\)G|f\]j)<jZ]alk_]e]af)k[‘Y^l RYkk]j $G<R<%7 R]a{]fk]])Q]jdY_( =]jdaf

Bjmhha]jmf_ mf\ Umgj\fmf_ ngf B~l]e]kkkl]dd]f ae RMMG)j]d]nYfl]fAda]{_]o|kk]jf]lr rmj =~f\]dmf_ ngf RYkk]jc}jh]jaf^gjeYlagf]f ^~j\a] =]ja[‘l]jklYllmf_ fY[‘ <jl* 4 RMMG

-.*,2 p p Kjgb]cl ae <m^ljY_ \]k GPIB

Hgfalgjaf_hjg_jYee N]]f af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf ¡ Fgf^a_mjYla)gf fY[‘ RYkk]jjY‘e]fja[‘ldafa]* Dfl]jf]k Fgfr]hl Peo]dleafakl]jameH][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf( -, N* # <f‘Yf_*

.,,2 p p

=]ja[‘l rme zZ]joY[‘mf_khjg_jYee fY[‘ <jlac]d 4 RMMG ^~j \a] Admkk)_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f]

-.*,2 p p ka]‘] ooo*ojjd)en*\] mfl]j £<jZ]al]f Zak .,,2 ¡=]ja[‘l]jklYllmf_¢

Kjagjal|l]fcgfr]hl rmj KdYfmf_ mf\ Ra]\]j‘]jkl]ddmf_ \]j }cgdg_ak[‘]f?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al af \]f Ada]{_]o|kk]jf H][cd]fZmj_ ) Qgjhgee]jfk

-.*,2 p p p ?jm[ck[‘ja^l \]k GPIB( HYl]jaYda]f rmj Peo]dl(.,,2( C]^l /

MY‘e]fcgfr]hlagf Hgfalgjaf_ $M<FJI% \]j G<R< ,/*,3 p p M<FJI)<jZ]alkhYha]j] \]j =mf\+G|f\]j)<jZ]alk_]e]afk[‘Y^l RYkk]j $G<R<%( k* Ym[‘ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l $\gjl mfl]j £Df^gjeYlagf]f\]j GYoY¢%

Jhlaea]jmf_ \]j RYkk]jc}jh]j_jmhha]jmf_ mf\ \]k Ada]{_]o|kk]j)e]kkf]lr]k fY[‘ RMMG

,.*,4 p p p Kjgb]cl ae <m^ljY_ \]k GPIB

B]o|kk]j_~l]Z]ja[‘l .,,/+.,,0+.,,1+.,,2* @j_]Zfakk] \]j B~l]~Z]j)oY[‘mf_ \]j Ada]{)( NlYf\) mf\ F~kl]f_]o|kk]j mf\ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jkaf H)Q

,2*,4 p p ?jm[ck[‘ja^l \]k GPIB( ]jk[‘a]f]f Emfa .,,4

Tab. II.10-1: Hintergrundmaterialien zur Umsetzung der EG-WRRL in der FGE Warnow/Peene$ 9Y\^]P^d_XR

VBDN 9 RMMG)BDN)Kjgb]cl \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]7 =< 9 =]klYf\kYm^fY‘e]7 HgK 9 Hgfalgjaf_hjg_jYee7 z=U 9 ~Z]jj]_agfYd] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kra]d]7 HK 9HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee7 =K 9 =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfW

Kjgb]cl ]jkl]ddlZak

BDN =< HgK z=U HK =K =]e]jcmf_]f

M]_agfYdaka]jmf_ ngf klg^^da[‘]f =]dYklmf_]f af JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}j)h]jf

--*,4 p p p p GgcYdaka]jmf_ \a^^mk]j =]dYklmf_]f af \]f JZ]j)^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]jf

?GH+.1+R ¡ ?Yl]f~Z]jljY_mf_ RMMG)Kjgb]cl Ym^ \Yk YclmYdaka]jl] Mgm)l]fkqkl]e .,,4 kgoa] <ZZad\mf_ Ym^ \]e RMMG)=]ja[‘lkf]lr \]k?GH+-,,,

-.*,4p

p

@jealldmf_ ngf Bjmf\dY_]f ^~j \a] Rajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] <fYdqk] _]e|{ @B)RYkk]jjY‘e]fja[‘ldafa] mf\ @jYjZ]almf_ \]k ]j^gj\]jda[‘]f HYl]jaYdk ^~j\a] Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al RYjfgo+K]]f]

-.*,4 p

\an]jk] HY[‘ZYjc]alkklm\a]f ae CafZda[c NYfa]jmf_ mf\ M]klYmja]jmf_Ymk_]o|‘dl]j N]]f \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al

dYm^]f\ p p p

\an]jk] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_k) mf\ @j_]ZfakZ]ja[‘l] kgoa] daefgdg_ak[‘] Bml)Y[‘l]f rm @afr]dk]]f \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al

dYm^]f\ p p p

109

<<&1 LcaO[[S\TOaac\U RS‘ @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ <\T]‘[ObW]\ c\R 4\%Vq‘c\U RS‘ mTTS\bZWQVYSWb

DD*5*- HY{fY‘e]f rmj Df^gjeYlagf \]j y^^]flda[‘c]alDD*5*. HY{fY‘e]f rmj <f‘}jmf_ \]j y^^]flda[‘c]alDD*5*.*- <f‘}jmf_ rm U]alhdYf mf\ <jZ]alkhjg_jYeeDD*5*.*. <f‘}jmf_ rm \]f oa[‘la_]f RYkk]jZ]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]fDD*5*/ <f‘}jmf_ @flomj^ =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf

<< 1&) @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ <\T]‘[ObW]\ RS‘ mTTS\bZWQVYSWb

?a] Agj\]jmf_ \]j RYkk]jjY‘e]fja[‘ldafa] fY[‘ ^j~‘r]ala_]j =]l]ada_mf_ \]j y^^]flda[‘c]al omj\]af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf afkZ]kgf\]j] \mj[‘ \a] @afja[‘lmf_ ngf [Y* 3, <jZ]alkcj]ak]f af \]f=]YjZ]almf_k_]Za]l]f ]flkhjg[‘]f* Pfl]j A]\]j^~‘jmf_ \]j NlYYlda[‘]f xel]j ^~j Peo]dl mf\IYlmj omj\]f kg AY[‘Z]‘}j\]f( _]k]ddk[‘Y^lda[‘] Dfl]j]kk]fn]jlj]l]j mf\ =]ljg^^]f] af \]f KdY)fmf_khjgr]kk ]af_]Zmf\]f* AY[‘) mf\ afl]j]kka]jl] y^^]flda[‘c]al omj\]f af Ydd] <k[‘jall] \]j=]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfmf_ ]afZ]rg_]f( oYj]f ~Z]j \]f NlYf\ \]j =]YjZ]almf_ af^gjea]jl mf\cgffl]f Cafo]ak] mf\ <fj]_mf_]f ]afZjaf_]f*

Umj Df^gjeYlagf \]j y^^]flda[‘c]al kl]‘l f]Z]f \]f Dfl]jf]lYm^ljall]f \]k Hafakl]jamek ^~j GYf\)oajlk[‘Y^l( Peo]dl mf\ Q]jZjYm[‘]jk[‘mlr kgoa] \]k GYf\]kYel]k ^~j Peo]dl( IYlmjk[‘mlr mf\B]gdg_a] ]af] ]a_]fk ]af_]ja[‘l]l] R]Zkal] rmj Q]j^~_mf_6 ooo*ojjd)en*\]* Ume Df^gjeYlagfk)YmklYmk[‘ \a]fl ^]jf]j \Yk }^^]flda[‘] Agjme \]j Dfl]jf]lhdYll^gje ooo*oYkk]jZda[c*f]l*

N]al .,,, ‘Yl \a] Peo]dln]joYdlmf_ af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf \a] Pek]lrmf_ \]j RMMG eale]‘j]j]f Q]jYfklYdlmf_]f Z]_d]al]l*

?Yk af \]j Ma[‘ldafa] ngj_]k]‘]f] \j]aklm^a_] <f‘}jmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f $.,,2+.,,3 U]al) mf\ <m^_Y)Z]fhdYf( .,,3+.,,4 rm \]f oa[‘la_]f RYkk]jZ]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f mf\ .,,4+.,,5 KdYf]flo~j)^]% omj\]f Zro* o]j\]f ]flkhj][‘]f\ \]f j][‘lda[‘]f Qgjk[‘ja^l]f \mj[‘_]^~‘jl* @af_]_Yf_]f]fNl]ddmf_fY‘e]f kaf\ Z]a \]j <m^kl]ddmf_ \]j =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khd|f] mf\ HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee]Z]j~[cka[‘la_l* ogj\]f*

<<&1&* @Oo\OV[S\ hc‘ 4\Vq‘c\U RS‘ mTTS\bZWQVYSWb

B]e|{ <jlac]d -0 \]j RMMG akl ^~j \a] Yclan] =]l]ada_mf_ \]j afl]j]kka]jl]f y^^]flda[‘c]al Z]a \]jPek]lrmf_ \]j Ma[‘ldafa] ]af \j]aklm^a_]j <f‘}jmf_khjgr]kk ngj_]k]‘]f6

· =]_aff]f\ @f\] .,,2 Zak Emfa .,,3 omj\]f rmf|[‘kl \]j U]alhdYf mf\ \Yk <jZ]alkhjg)_jYee ^~j \a] Pek]lrmf_ \]j Ma[‘ldafa] n]j}^^]flda[‘l(

· ngf @f\] .,,3 Zak Emfa .,,4 omj\]f \a] oa[‘la_]f oYkk]joajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]f AjY_]f af \]jAB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] rmj ?akcmkkagf _]kl]ddl(

· ngf @f\] .,,4 Zak Emfa .,,5 ]j^gd_l \a] Q]j}^^]flda[‘mf_ \a]k]k =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf]fl)omj^k mf\ \]k @flomj^k ^~j \Yk HY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYee \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f]* Df \a]k]eU]aljYme oaj\ Ym[‘ \Yk <f‘}jmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f rme Peo]dlZ]ja[‘l ae MY‘e]f \]j NljYl]_a)k[‘]f Peo]dlhj~^mf_ \mj[‘_]^~‘jl*

<<&1&*&) 4\Vq‘c\U hc LSWb^ZO\ c\R 4‘PSWba^‘]U‘O[[

?Yk GPIB H)Q ‘Yl _]e|{ <jlac]d -0 <Zk* - =m[‘kl* Y% @B)RMMG ae ?]r]eZ]j .,,2 \]f U]alhdYfmf\ \Yk <jZ]alkhjg_jYee kgoa] ]af] Df^gjeYlagf ~Z]j \a] rm lj]^^]f\]f <f‘}jmf_keY{fY‘e]frmj @jkl]ddmf_ \]k =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYf]k n]j}^^]flda[‘l* ?a] =]cYffleY[‘mf_ ]j^gd_l] Ye -4*

110

?]r]eZ]j .,,2 ae <elda[‘]f <fr]a_]j ^~j H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf* ?a] afl]j]kka]jl] y^^]fl)da[‘c]al ‘Yll] ae \YjYm^ ^gd_]f\]f <f‘}jmf_kn]j^Y‘j]f Zak rme Emfa .,,3 \a] H}_da[‘c]al( Nl]d)dmf_fY‘e]f YZrm_]Z]f*

@k kaf\ af \a]k]j U]al afk_]kYel 3 Nl]ddmf_fY‘e]f Z]ae GPIB H)Q ]af_]_Yf_]f* Imj ro]a \YngfZ]ljY^]f U]alhd|f] mf\ HY{fY‘e]hjg_jYee] \aj]cl* ?a] ~Zja_]f Nl]ddmf_fY‘e]f Z]af‘Ydl]l]f<fj]_mf_]f rmj =]l]ada_mf_ mf\ rmj HY{fY‘e]fhdYfmf_ ngf @afr]dngj‘YZ]f7 ka] omj\]f Z]a \]fo]al]j]f <jZ]al]f rmj =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfmf_ Z]j~[cka[‘la_l*

A~j \a] n]j}^^]flda[‘l]f U]alhd|f] mf\ <jZ]alkhjg_jYee] \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al ]j_YZ ka[‘ Ym^)_jmf\ \]j ]af_]_Yf_]f]f Nl]ddmf_fY‘e]f mf\ <fj]_mf_]f c]af xf\]jmf_kZ]\Yj^* ?a]k] Df^gj)eYlagf omj\] Ym^ \]j R]Zkal] ooo*ojjd)en*\] n]j}^^]flda[‘l*

<<&1&*&* 4\Vq‘c\U hc RS\ eWQVbWUS\ JOaaS‘PSeW‘baQVOTbc\UaT‘OUS\

Qge ..* ?]r]eZ]j .,,3 Zak ..* Emfa .,,4 omj\] \a] y^^]flda[‘c]al ]flkhj][‘]f\ <jlac]d -0 <Zk* -=m[‘kl* Z% @B)RMMG rm \]f oa[‘la_]f RYkk]jZ]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f \]j AB@ RYjfgo+K]]f] Yf)_]‘}jl* R|‘j]f\ \]k <f‘}jmf_kr]aljYme]k Z]klYf\ ^~j \a] afl]j]kka]jl] y^^]flda[‘c]al \a] H}_)da[‘c]al( Nl]ddmf_fY‘e]f YZrm_]Z]f*

@k kaf\ af \a]k]j U]al afk_]kYel 2 Nl]ddmf_fY‘e]f Z]ae GPIB H)Q ]af_]_Yf_]f* ?j]a \Yngf Z]ljY)^]f \a] oa[‘la_]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f \aj]cl* ?a] ~Zja_]f Nl]ddmf_fY‘e]f Z]af‘Ydl]l]f <fj])_mf_]f rmj HY{fY‘e]fhdYfmf_ ngf @afr]dngj‘YZ]f7 ka] omj\]f Z]a \]f o]al]j]f <jZ]al]f rmj=]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfmf_ Z]j~[cka[‘la_l*

A~j \a] n]j}^^]flda[‘l]f oa[‘la_]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f \]j Admkk_]Za]lk]af‘]al ]j_YZ ka[‘ Ym^)_jmf\ \]j ]af_]_Yf_]f]f Nl]ddmf_fY‘e]f mf\ <fj]_mf_]f c]af _jmf\k|lrda[‘]j xf\]jmf_kZ])\Yj^( o]al]j] oa[‘la_] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_k^jY_]f omj\]f fa[‘l Z]fYffl* ?a] Cafo]ak] mf\ <fj]_mf)_]f Ymk \]f Nl]ddmf_fY‘e]f omj\]f Z]a \]j o]al]j]f Fgfcj]laka]jmf_ \]j =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdY)fmf_ mf\ \]k HY{fY‘e]hjg_jYeek Z]j~[cka[‘la_l*

?Yk @j_]Zfak \]j <f‘}jmf_ omj\] Ym^ \]j R]Zkal] ooo*ojjd)en*\] n]j}^^]flda[‘l*

<<&1&+ 4\Vq‘c\U 8\bec‘T 5SeW‘baQVOTbc\Ua^ZO\

4M **&)*&*((0 aT\O OTP gQQPX^VTNSUPT^ lMP\ OTP]PX 8X^a_\Q OP] 5PaT\^]NSLQ^_XR]ZVLX] OP\ 9V_]]RPMTP^]%PTXSPT^ JL\XYa’CPPXP TXQY\WTP\^& 9l\ OL] 4XSk\_XR]‘P\QLS\PX aP\OPX % aTP MPT OPX MT]SP\TRPX IP\QLS%\PX % ]YaPT^ WkRVTNS PVPU^\YXT]NSP @POTPX RPX_^d^$ _W OTP 5PULXX^WLNS_XR$ 5PL\MPT^_XR$ 8TXM\TXRPX‘YX ;TXaPT]PX _XO 4X\PR_XRPX _]a& d_ P\VPTNS^P\X _XO 5PL\MPT^_XR]‘Y\RjXRP ]NSXPVV _XO UY]^PXRlX]%^TR LMd_aTNUPVX& 7P\ 8X^a_\QP OP] 5PaT\^]NSLQ^_XR]ZVLX] ]^PS^ L_Q OP\ <X^P\XP^]PT^P aaa&a\\V%W‘&OPd_\ 8TX]TNS^XLSWP _XO d_W 7YaXVYLO MP\PT^& CLZTP\QL]]_XRPX OP] CVLX] VTPRPX TW @TXT]^P\T_W Ql\?LXOaT\^]NSLQ^$ HWaPV^ _XO IP\M\L_NSP\]NS_^d$ OPW ?LXOP]LW^ Ql\ HWaPV^ _XO AL^_\ _XO OPX F^LL^%VTNSPX fW^P\X d_\ 8TX]TNS^XLSWP L_]&

7L] 8\RPMXT] OP\ 4XSk\_XR aT\O LX OTP]P\ F^PVVP *((1 P\RjXd^&

111

<<&)( Lcabp\RWUS 5SVq‘RS c\R >]\bOYbabSZZS\ Tr‘ RWS 5S‘SWbabSZ%Zc\U d]\ ;W\bS‘U‘c\RR]Yc[S\bS\ c\R sW\T]‘[ObW]\S\

GOP& <<&)(%)6 K_]^jXOTRP 5PSk\OPX _XO >YX^LU^]^PVVPX

Name derzuständigen Behörde

Anschrift derzuständigen Behörde

E-Mail-Adressenund

InternetlinksMinisterium fürLandwirtschaft, Umwelt undVerbraucherschutz Mecklen-burg-Vorpommern

Paulshöher Weg 1D-19051 Schwerin

[email protected]

www.lu.mv-regierung.dewww.wrrl-mv.de

Landesamt für Umwelt, Na-turschutz und Geologie Meck-lenburg-Vorpommern

Goldberger Str. 12D-18273 Güstrow

[email protected]

www.lung.dewww.wrrl-mv.de

112

<<< LcaO[[S\TOaac\UaT\O *((1 P\RjXd^

113

<I ?WbS‘Obc‘dS‘hSWQV\WaaT\O *((1 P\RjXd^

@PMJKxDN>C@ FJHHDNNDJI $.,,,%6 Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B \]k @mjgh|ak[‘]f KYjdYe]flk mf\ \]k MYl]k

nge ./* JclgZ]j .,,, rmj N[‘Y^^mf_ ]af]k Jj\fmf_kjY‘e]fk ^~j HY{fY‘e]f \]j B]e]af)

k[‘Y^l ae =]j]a[‘ \]j RYkk]jhgdalac*

@PMJKxDN>C@ FJHHDNNDJI $.,,1%6 >DN Kgda[q KYh]j ) @fnajgfe]flYd JZb][lan]k mf\]j l‘] RYl]j

AjYe]ogjc ?aj][lan]* .,,1( =j~kk]d*

@PMJKxDN>C@ FJHHDNNDJI $.,,3%6 >DN Kgda[q KYh]j ) @p]ehlagfk lg l‘] @fnajgfe]flYd JZb][lan]k mf)

\]j l‘] RYl]j AjYe]ogjc ?aj][lan]( <jla[d] 0*0 $]pl]fkagf g^ \]Y\daf]k%( 0*1 $d]kk kljaf_]fl gZb][)

lan]k% Yf\ 0*2 $l]ehgjYjq \]l]jagjYlagf%* .,,3( =j~kk]d*

G<R< $.,,0%6 <Zd]almf_ ngf B]jaf_^~_a_c]alkk[‘o]dd]fo]jl]f ^~j \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j* .,,0( =]jdaf*

‘llh6++ooo*dYoY*\]+hmZ+cgkl]fdgk+_o+BAN)=]ja[‘l)?@*h\^

G<R< $.,,1%6 MY‘e]fcgfr]hlagf rmj <m^kl]ddmf_ ngf Hgfalgjaf_hjg_jYee]f mf\ rmj =]o]jlmf_

\]k UmklYf\]k ngf Bjmf\oYkk]jc}jh]jf* .,,1( mfn]j}^^]flda[‘l*

G<R< $.,,4%6 AY[‘da[‘] Pek]lrmf_ \]j Ma[‘ldafa] rme N[‘mlr \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jk ngj Q]jk[‘eml)

rmf_ mf\ Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_* .,,4( mfn]j}^^]flda[‘l*

114

I :Z]aaO‘

4PTZcaa RYkk]jngdme]f( \Yk \]f Lm]jk[‘fall ]af]k ® :SepaaS‘a af ]af]j Z])klaeel]f U]al]af‘]al \mj[‘^da]{l

4PTZcaa‘SUcZWS‘c\U @af_ja^^ \]k H]fk[‘]f af \Yk fYl~jda[‘] <Z^dmkkn]j‘Ydl]f ngf ® 9ZWSoUS%epaaS‘\ g\]j Ye <mk^dmkk ngf ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘\( ]j^gd_l af \]j M]_]deal ® DcS‘POceS‘YS\

4PTZcaa‘SWVS ^gjldYm^]f\] M]a‘] ngf EY‘j]f( ^~j \a] _]e]kk]f] ® 4PTZraaS ]af]k ®9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a ngjda]_]f7 Ydk EY‘j r|‘dl \Yk <Z^dmkkbY‘j( \Yk Ye -* Ig)n]eZ]j ]af]k FYd]f\]jbY‘j]k Z]_affl mf\ Ye /-* JclgZ]j \]k ^gd_]f\]f]f\]l

4PTZcaaa^S\RS ® 4PTZcaa( Z]rg_]f Ym^ \a] Ad|[‘] \]k ® 8W\hcUaUSPWSbSa( Ymk \]e \]j<Z^dmkk klYeel

4PaQV‘SWPc\U R]jln]jdmkl \]k =]lja]Zkn]je}_]fk

4PeOaaS‘ \mj[‘ B]ZjYm[‘ n]j|f\]jl]k YZ^da]{]f\]k RYkk]j mf\ b]\]k af \a] <ZoYk)k]jcYfYdakYlagf _]dYf_]f\] RYkk]j7 <ZoYkk]j akl rme =]akha]d ®FQV[cbheOaaS‘( ® AWSRS‘aQVZOUaeOaaS‘( ® 9‘S[ReOaaS‘( ® @WaQV%eOaaS‘

4PeOaaS‘OPUOPS IY[‘ \]e B]k]lr ~Z]j <Z_YZ]f ^~j \Yk @afd]al]f ngf <ZoYkk]j $<ZoYk)k]jYZ_YZ]f_]k]lr+=mf\]k_]k]lr% ]j‘]Zl \Yk GYf\ ngf <ZoYkk]j\aj]cl)]afd]al]jf $® 7W‘SYbSW\ZSWbc\U% ]af] <Z_YZ] ^~j \Yk @afd]al]f ngf ®4PeOaaS‘ af ]af ® :SepaaS‘*

4PeOaaS‘dS‘]‘R\c\U ?a] Q]jgj\fmf_ ~Z]j <f^gj\]jmf_]f Yf \Yk @afd]al]f ngf <ZoYkk]j afB]o|kk]j $<ZoYkk]jn]jgj\fmf_+=mf\]kn]jgj\fmf_% Z]klaeel \a] <f)^gj\]jmf_]f( \a] Z]a @jl]admf_ ]af]j ® eOaaS‘‘SQVbZWQVS\ 8‘ZOcP\Wa ^~j\Yk @afd]al]f ngf ® 4PeOaaS‘( \Yk Ymk Z]klaeel]f C]jcmf^lkZ]j]a[‘]fklYeel $rme =]akha]d ® VpcaZWQVSa 4PeOaaS‘( ® W\Rcab‘WSZZSa 4PeOa%aS‘ Z]klaeel]j =jYf[‘]f%( af ]af ® :SepaaS‘ eaf\]kl]fk ^]klrmk]lr]fkaf\*

4ZbZOabS\ ae Naff] \]k B]k]lr]k rme N[‘mlr ngj k[‘|\da[‘]f =g\]fn]j|f\]jmf_]fmf\ rmj NYfa]jmf_ ngf <dldYkl]f $=mf\]kZg\]fk[‘mlr_])k]lr+=mf\]k_]k]lr% kladd_]d]_l] <Z^YddZ]k]ala_mf_kYfdY_]f mf\ Bjmf\kl~)[c]( Ym^ \]f]f eYf <Z^|dd] Z]‘Yf\]dl( _]dY_]jl g\]j YZ_]dY_]jl ‘Yl $<dl)YZdY_]jmf_]f% kgoa] Bjmf\kl~[c] kladd_]d]_l]j <fdY_]f mf\ kgfkla_]Bjmf\kl~[c]( Ym^ \]f]f eal meo]dl_]^|‘j\]f\]f Nlg^^]f me_]_Yf_]fogj\]f akl $<dlklYf\gjl]%( kg^]jf \a] <dlYZdY_]jmf_]f mf\ <dlklYf\gjl]k[‘|\da[‘] =g\]fn]j|f\]jmf_]f g\]j kgfkla_] B]^Y‘j]f ^~j \]f @afr]d)f]f g\]j \a] <dd_]e]af‘]al ‘]jngjjm^]f

OZbZOabS\dS‘RpQVbWUS 9ZpQVS <dlYZdY_]jmf_ g\]j <dlklYf\gjl $® 4ZbZOab%( Z]a \]f]f \]j Q]j\Y[‘lk[‘|\da[‘]j =g\]fn]j|f\]jmf_]f g\]j kgfkla_]j B]^Y‘j]f ^~j \]f @afr]d)f]f g\]j \a] <dd_]e]af‘]al Z]kl]‘l

O\bV‘]^]US\ nge H]fk[‘]f Z]oajcl

O\bV‘]^]US\S 5O‘‘WS‘S ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k =]klYf\l]ad \]j ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ab‘cY%bc‘7 kgna]d oa] ® DcS‘POceS‘Y

4\bWT]cZW\U%4\ab‘WQV AYjZYfklja[‘ Yf N[‘a^^kj~eh^]f( \]j ]af]f ^Y‘jl‘]ee]f\]f =]om[‘kn]j‘af\]jf kgdd

4[[]\Wc[%FbWQYab]TT H]kk_j}{] \]k ae <eegfame ]fl‘Ydl]f]f Nla[cklg^^]k7 <eegfame akl\a] N|mj] \]k <eegfaYck

4\UW]a^S‘[S\ K^dYfr]f( \]j]f NYe]fYfdY_] ngf ]af]e Ajm[‘lcfgl]f me‘~ddl akl $£=])\][clkYe]j¢( ae B]_]fkYlr rm Bqefgkh]je]f( £IY[clkYe]jf¢%

115

O\]‘UO\WaQV kaf\ [‘]eak[‘] Q]jZaf\mf_]f( \a] c]af]f Fg‘d]fklg^^ ]fl‘Ydl]f

O_cObWaQVS 4‘bS\ RYkk]jgj_Yfake]f

Ob[]a^Vp‘WaQVS 7S^]aWbW]\ af UmkYee]f‘Yf_ eal ® :SepaaS‘\ @afljY_ ngf Nlg^^]f Ymk \]j <leg)kh‘|j] \mj[‘ Gm^lZ]o]_mf_ mf\ Ia]\]jk[‘dY_

4caPOcU‘qoS ® 8W\e]V\S‘eS‘b( Ym^ \]f ]af] rm ]jja[‘l]f\] <ZoYkk]jYfdY_] Z]e]k)k]f oaj\7 ]flkhja[‘l \]j FYhYral|l \]j <fdY_]7 \a] <mkZYm_j}{] cYff Z]a\]j fY[‘ ® 4PeOaaS‘dS‘]‘R\c\U _]j]_]dl]f A]klk]lrmf_ \]j <f^gj\])jmf_]f Yf \Yk @afd]al]f \]k Z]‘Yf\]dl]f ® 4PeOaaS‘a ngf =]dYf_ k]af

4caeW‘Yc\U ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B \a] ngf ® 5SZOabc\US\ ‘]jngj_]jm^])f] xf\]jmf_ \]j Zagdg_ak[‘]f( [‘]eak[‘]f( h‘qkacYdak[‘]f( ‘q\jgegj)h‘gdg_ak[‘]f mf\ e]f_]fe|{a_]f =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al ]af]k ® :SepaaS‘a

pcoS‘Sa >rabS\USepaaS‘ ® >rabS\USepaaS‘ roak[‘]f \]j =Ykakdafa] mf\ \]j ® ;]VSWbaU‘S\hS7\a] =Ykakdafa] akl \a] Gafa]( ngf \]j Ymk \a] NlYYl]f a‘j ® ;]VSWbaUSepaaS‘Z]klaee]f7 ka] ^|ddl af \]j M]_]d eal \]j F~kl]fdafa] \]k A]kldYf\]k rm)kYee]f( Yf H]]j]f_]f mf\ Dfk]df cYff ka] YZ]j Ym[‘ af \]j N]] mf\ \]jF~kl]fdafa] \]j Dfk]df n]jdYm^]f7 \a] kg ngf \]j =Ykakdafa] mf\ \]j F~kl]fda)fa] \]k A]kldYf\]k mek[‘dgkk]f]f ® >rabS\USepaaS‘ f]ffl eYf ®W\\S‘S >rabS\USepaaS‘

5ORSUSepaaS‘ fY[‘ ® EWQVbZW\WS /.’).(’8J: ]af ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘$ ® FbO\RUSepa%aS‘ g\]j ® >rabS\USepaaS‘( af \]f]f \Yk =Y\]f Ymk\j~[cda[‘ _]klYll]lakl g\]j af \]f]f ~Zda[‘]jo]ak] ]af] _jg{] <frY‘d ngf K]jkgf]f ZY\]l

5SO‘PSWbc\UaUSPWSb B]Za]l( \Yk ]af g\]j e]‘j]j] cd]af]j] ® 8W\hcUaUSPWSbS me^Ykkl mf\ \]jPek]lrmf_ \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ngj Jjl \a]f]f kgdd7 e]‘j]j] =]Yj)Z]almf_k_]Za]l] Zad\]f ]af] ® 9ZcaaUSPWSbaSW\VSWb Zro* \]f b]o]ada_]fe][cd]fZmj_)ngjhgee]jk[‘]f <fl]ad Yf ]af]j ® 9ZcaaUSPWSbaSW\VSWb

5SZOabc\U ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B @afoajcmf_( \a] \]j H]fk[‘ _]ra]dlg\]j mf_]ra]dl Ym^ ]af ® :SepaaS‘ Ymk~Zl mf\ \a] ® :SepaaS‘ af Zagdg)_ak[‘]j( [‘]eak[‘]j( h‘qkacYdak[‘]j( ‘q\jgegjh‘gdg_ak[‘]j mf\ e]f)_]fe|{a_]j Cafka[‘l fY[‘l]ada_ n]j|f\]jl $® 4caeW‘Yc\U%

5SZOabc\UaUSPWSb ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k B]Za]l( af \]e ]af] \]mlda[‘] ®O\bV‘]^]US\S =]]af^dmkkmf_ \]j [‘]eak[‘]f =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al ]af]k ®:‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘a ^]kl_]kl]ddl oaj\

PS\bVWaQVS JW‘PSZZ]aS\TOc\O ]af] \]j ® PW]Z]UWaQVS\ DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\( \a] fY[‘ Ma[‘ldafa].,,,+2,+@B rm Z]o]jl]f akl7 af \]j M]_]d n]jkl]‘l eYf \Yjmfl]j \Yk ®@OY‘]h]]PS\bV]a

5SabO\RaOcT\OV[S af ?]mlk[‘dYf\ ~Zda[‘] =]r]a[‘fmf_ ^~j \a] kg_]fYffl] <fYdqk] \]jH]jceYd] \]j ® 9ZcaaUSPWSbaSW\VSWbS\( \a] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_ \]j ® 4ca%eW‘Yc\US\ e]fk[‘da[‘]j O|la_c]al]f Ym^ \a] =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al \]j ® :S%epaaS‘ kgoa] \a] kg_]fYffl] oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘] <fYdqk] \]j ® JOaaS‘\cb%hc\U7 oYj fY[‘ Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B Zak rme ./* ?]r]eZ]j .,,0 \mj[‘)rm^~‘j]f

5ShcUa\Sbh ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B UmkYee]fkl]ddmf_ ngf ® BPS‘TZp%QVS\USepaaS‘\ g\]j )YZk[‘fall]f( \a] ka[‘ af ]af]e k]‘j _ml]f ® Lc%abO\R Z]^af\]f7 b]\]j Hal_da]\klYYl \]j @mjgh|ak[‘]f Pfagf emkk ^~j \a]® :SepaaS‘bg^S\( \a] af k]af]f ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘\ ngjcgee]f(]af =]rm_kf]lr ]jkl]dd]f( Yf \]e ka[‘ \a] b]o]ada_]f ® ESTS‘S\hPSRW\%Uc\US\ Z]e]kk]f

PW\RWU Z]r]a[‘f]l =}\]f eal ]af]e ‘g‘]f <fl]ad Yf Ogf g\]j G]‘e g\]j kgfkla)_]f A]afklg^^]f $® FQVZcTT%

116

PW]Z]UWaQVS DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\ ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ® DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\( \a] \a]Zagdg_ak[‘]f ® 4caeW‘Yc\US\ ngf ® 5SZOabc\US\ Z]k[‘j]aZ]f7 kaf\Z]a \]j @jealldmf_ \]k ® qY]Z]UWaQVS\ LcabO\RSa rm Z]o]jl]f7 rm a‘f]f_]‘}j]f \a] UmkYee]fk]lrmf_ mf\ Df\ana\m]frY‘d \]j ® :SepaaS‘TZ]%‘O( \a] UmkYee]fk]lrmf_ mf\ Df\ana\m]frY‘d \]j ® PS\bVWaQVS\ JW‘%PSZZ]aS\TOc\O mf\ \a] UmkYee]fk]lrmf_( Df\ana\m]frY‘d mf\ <dl]jk)kljmclmj \]j ® 9WaQVTOc\O

5W]^‘]RcYbW]\ahgYZca Fj]akdYm^ roak[‘]f Zagdg_ak[‘]j Kjg\mclagf \mj[‘ h^dYfrda[‘] Jj_Yfake]f(Ym[‘ Kjae|jhjg\mclagf _]fYffl( Ydk Bjmf\dY_] la]jak[‘]f G]Z]fk $IY‘)jmf_kc]ll]% mf\ \]e <ZZYm YZ_]klgjZ]f]j Jj_Yfake]f mf\ h^dYfrda[‘]jmf\ la]jak[‘]j <mkk[‘]a\mf_khjg\mcl] \mj[‘ =Ycl]ja]f mf\ Kadr]

5W]b]^% c\R Acbhc\Uabg^S\YO‘bWS‘c\U dm^lZad\_]kl~lrl]k FYjla]jn]j^Y‘j]f ^~j \Yk Dfn]flYj \]j GYf\k[‘Y^lkkljmc)lmj af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf $=aglgh) mf\ Imlrmf_klqh( n]_]lYla)gfkcmf\da[‘] H]jceYd]( NlYf\gjl) mf\ Imlrmf_ke]jceYd]%( Ym^_]d}kl af.5/ e}_da[‘] <lljaZml]f af ]af]e ‘a]jYj[‘ak[‘]f N[‘d~kk]d Ymk \]e EY‘j-55-

5W]hq\]aS G]Z]fk_]e]afk[‘Y^l ngf K^dYfr]f mf\ Oa]j]f

PW]hq\]bWaQV Ym^ \a] ® 5W]hq\]aS Z]rg_]f

5]RRS\ j]_agfYd] =]r]a[‘fmf_ ^~j nge g^^]f]f H]]j l]ado]ak] YZ_]lj]ffl] ®W\\S‘S >rabS\USepaaS‘

5‘OQYeOaaS‘ \a] ‘afka[‘lda[‘ a‘j]k NYdr_]‘Ydl]k roak[‘]f \]e gr]Yfak[‘]f RYkk]j mf\N~{oYkk]j da]_]f\]f ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘( af \]f]f \Yk H]]joYkk]j\mj[‘ \Yk N~{oYkk]j \]j ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘( RSa ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘a g\]j\]j <legkh‘|j] n]j\~ffl g\]j me_]c]‘jl \Yk N~{oYkk]j \mj[‘ H]]j)oYkk]j Z]]af^dmkkl oaj\7 \]j NYdr_]‘Ydl \]k =jY[coYkk]jk da]_l b] fY[‘?]^afalagf roak[‘]f ,(- Zak ,(1 ⁄ Ydk mfl]j]e mf\ -, Zak /, ⁄ Ydk gZ]j]eR]jl

5‘cbb]eS‘baQVq^Tc\U B]kYelo]jl \]j ]jr]m_l]f RYj]f mf\ ?a]fkld]aklmf_]f YZr~_da[‘ \]j Z]a\]j @jr]m_mf_ n]jZjYm[‘l]f( n]jYjZ]al]l]f g\]j me_]oYf\]dl]f RYj]fmf\ ?a]fkld]aklmf_]f

5F5- F~jr]d ^~j6 Zagdg_ak[‘]j NYm]jklg^^Z]\Yj^ af ^~f^ OY_]f7 NYm]jklg^^e]f_](\a] Z]a \]e Zag[‘]eak[‘]f <ZZYm ngf RYkk]jaf‘Ydlkklg^^]f af ^~f^ OY_]fn]jZjYm[‘l oaj\7 Bj}{] rmj <f_YZ] \]k B]‘Ydl]k ngf RYkk]j Yf Zagdg_ak[‘d]a[‘l YZZYmZYj]f Nlg^^]f

5cV\S\TSZR ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k <fdY_] Ymk =m‘f]f af ]af]e ® >ra%bS\USepaaS‘7 =m‘f]f kaf\ im]j rme NljYf\ ]jja[‘l]l] =Ymo]jc]( \a]m^]jhYjYdd]d] Nlj}emf_]f nge NljYf\ ^]jf‘Ydl]f mf\ kg \a] F~kl] ka[‘]jf

5IC F~jr]d ^~j6 =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_kngjhddYfmf_7 QgjYjZ]al]f rmj =]oajlk[‘Y^)lmf_khdYfmf_ kgoa] rmj <m^kl]ddmf_ \]k =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_khdYfk mf\ \]kHY{fY‘e]fhjg_jYeek

QVS[WaQVS‘ LcabO\R ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B [‘]eak[‘] =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al ngf ®BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\ mf\ ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\7 \]^afa]jl\mj[‘ ngf \]j @P ^]kl_]d]_l] N[‘Y\klg^^_j]fro]jl]( Z]a Bjmf\oYkk]jc}j)h]jf kaf\ o]al]j] <kh]cl] \]j [‘]eak[‘]f =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al rm Z]ljY[‘l]f$® UcbS‘ QVS[WaQVS‘ LcabO\R%7 \a] Ma[‘ldafa] mfl]jk[‘]a\]l fY[‘ _ml]emf\ k[‘d][‘l]e [‘]eak[‘]f UmklYf\

6VZ]‘]^VgZZ%O _j~f]j K^dYfr]f^YjZklg^^7 ngf r]fljYd]j =]\]mlmf_ ^~j \a] K‘glgkqfl‘]k]\]j K^dYfr]f( \Yk ‘]a{l ^~j \a] PeoYf\dmf_ ngf Fg‘d]f\agpa\ Ymk \]j Gm^leal Cad^] \]j @f]j_a] \]k Ngff]fda[‘lk af ® ]‘UO\WaQVS NmZklYfr

6F5 F~jr]d ^~j6 [‘]eak[‘]j NYm]jklg^^Z]\Yj^7 H]f_] \]k NYm]jklg^^]k( \]j mfl]j\]^afa]jl]f =]\af_mf_]f eal gpa\a]jZYj]f RYkk]jaf‘Ydlkklg^^]f j]Y_a]jl7Bj}{] rmj <f_YZ] \]k B]‘Ydl]k ngf RYkk]j Yf [‘]eak[‘ gpa\a]jZYj]fNlg^^]f

117

6g^‘W\WRS\USepaaS‘ fY[‘ ® EWQVbZW\WS /0’.-1’8J: ]af ® 9WaQVUSepaaS‘( af \]e \Yk G]Z]fngf Aak[‘Yjl]f oa] >qhjafa\]f $cYjh^]fYjla_] Aak[‘]% g\]j Yf\]j]f <jl]foa] C][‘l]f( =Yjk[‘]f mf\ <Yd]f ]j‘Ydl]f oaj\ g\]j ]j‘Ydl]f o]j\]fc}ffl]

7SQYaQVWQVb ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ eal ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘6 \a] ~Z]j \]e ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘%ZSWbS‘ da]_]f\] =g\]fk[‘a[‘l

7STZObW]\aeO\\S o|‘j]f\ \]j @akr]al nge Raf\ Ymk_]ZdYk]f] Q]jla]^mf_ af \]j GYf\k[‘Y^l7\Yk n]jo]‘l] =g\]feYl]jaYd dY_]jl] ka[‘ Yf\]j]fgjlk Ydk G}kk g\]j ?~f]YZ

7SU‘ORObW]\ Q]jk[‘d][‘l]jmf_ \]j =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al ]af]k ® :SepaaS‘a

7SbOWZc\bS‘acQVc\U ^Y[‘da[‘ YZk[‘da]{]f\] k[‘mlr_mlZ]rg_]f] ?Yjkl]ddmf_ ngf \]jr]al mf\ afUmcmf^l Ymk_]‘]f\]f B]^Y‘j]f( \a] \mj[‘ <dldYkl]f g\]j <dlYZdY_]jmf_]f$® 4ZbZOabS\% n]jmjkY[‘l o]j\]f c}ff]f

7WS\abZSWabc\U G]aklmf_( \a] fa[‘l \]j Kjg\mclagf ]af]k eYl]ja]dd]f Bml]k \a]fl7 \Yrm_]‘}j]f rme =]akha]d CYf\]d( Q]jc]‘j( RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_( <ZoYkk]jZ]k]a)la_mf_

RWTTcaS 5SZOabc\US\ ® 5SZOabc\U \mj[‘ ^d|[‘]f‘Y^l]f Nlg^^]afljY_( \]kk]f Lm]dd]f ka[‘ af \]jM]_]d fa[‘l _]fYm YmkeY[‘]f dYkk]f

RWTTcaS DcSZZS\ Lm]dd] ]af]j ® RWTTcaS\ 5SZOabc\U7 d|kkl ka[‘ af \]j M]_]d fa[‘l _]fYmdgcYdaka]j]f

7W‘SYbSW\ZSWbc\U hmfclm]dd] @afd]almf_ ngf ® 4PeOaaS‘ af ]af ® :SepaaS‘7 B]_]fkYlr6 ®<\RW‘SYbSW\ZSWbc\U

7B6 F~jr]d ^~j6 _]d}kl]j gj_Yfak[‘]j Fg‘d]fklg^^7 af ae RYkk]j _]d}kl]f gj_Yfa)k[‘]f Q]jZaf\mf_]f ]fl‘Ydl]f]j Fg‘d]fklg^^

7‘p\OUS <Zd]almf_ ngf =g\]foYkk]j eal c~fklda[‘]f Cg‘d_|f_]f g\]j Bj|Z]f$?j|f]f% af ]af ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘7 HY{fY‘e] rmj @flo|kk]jmf_ngf GYf\^d|[‘]f

7c‘QV[WaQVc\UaSWUS\aQVOTbS\ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k \a] ?mj[‘eak[‘mf_ \]j RYkk]jk|md] af]af]e ® >rabS\USepaaS‘( rme =]akha]d ngdd \mj[‘eak[‘l g\]j _]k[‘a[‘)l]l7 N[‘a[‘lmf_]f c}ff]f Z]a mfl]jk[‘a]\da[‘]e NYdr_]‘Ydl g\]j mfl]j)k[‘a]\da[‘]j O]eh]jYlmj af \]j RYkk]jk|md] Ym^lj]l]f

)%FSS[SWZS\%L]\S F~kl]f_]o|kk]jrgf] roak[‘]f \]j F~kl]fdafa] mf\ ]af]j Gafa]( \a] ]af]N]]e]ad] k]]o|jlk \]j =Ykakdafa] n]jd|m^l( ngf \]j Ymk \a] =j]al] \]k ®;]VSWbaUSepaaS‘a _]e]kk]f oaj\7 af \]j -)N]]e]ad]f)Ugf] _]dl]f fY[‘Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B }cgdg_ak[‘] mf\ [‘]eak[‘] <f^gj\]jmf_]f Yf \a]F~kl]f_]o|kk]j( b]fk]alk \a]k]j Ugf] Zak rmj ® ;]VSWbaU‘S\hS fmj [‘])eak[‘] <f^gj\]jmf_]f

8W\e]V\S‘eS‘b Nmee] Ymk \]j UY‘d \]j @afog‘f]j( \]j]f ® VpcaZWQVSa 4PeOaaS‘ Z])‘Yf\]dl oaj\( mf\ \]e @afog‘f]j_d]a[‘o]jl( \]j ealZ]‘Yf\]dl]k ®4PeOaaS‘ Ymk Df\mklja] mf\ B]o]jZ] Z]j~[cka[‘la_l mf\ ka[‘ Ydk l‘]gj]la)k[‘]j Pej][‘fmf_ko]jl Ymk \]e Q]j_d]a[‘ \]j Df‘Ydlkklg^^] ® USeS‘P%ZWQVS\ 4PeOaaS‘a mf\ ® W\Rcab‘WSZZS\ 4PeOaaS‘a eal ® VpcaZWQVS[4PeOaaS‘ ]j_aZl7 =]e]kkmf_k_j}{] ^~j <ZoYkk]jYfdY_]f7 <Zc~jrmf_ ®8J

8W\hSZab‘cYbc‘OcaabObbc\U ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k =]klYf\l]ad \]j ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ab‘cY%bc‘7 Z]r]a[‘f]l Z]kgf\]j] Nljmclmj]f ae Lm]jk[‘fall ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUS%epaaS‘a oa] G|f_k) g\]j Lm]jZ|fc]

8W\hcUaUSPWSb ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ]af B]Za]l( \]kk]f _]kYel]j ® 4P%TZcaa Yf \]j H~f\mf_ ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a af \a] Jklk]] _]dYf_l7 ae® VgR‘]U‘O^VWaQVS\ mf\ ® VgR‘]Z]UWaQVS\ NhjY[‘_]ZjYm[‘ Ydd_])e]af b]\]k B]Za]l( Ymk \]e RYkk]j ]af]e Z]klaeel]f Jjl rm^da]{l

118

SWabSYb]\WaQV ngf Ym^dYkl]f\]e @ak o|‘j]f\ \]j @akr]al n]jmjkY[‘l] =]o]_mf_]f \]j@j\cjmkl]

8[WaaW]\ Nlg^^YmkljY_7 cYff ka[‘ Ydk ® <[[WaaW]\ ae ® :SepaaS‘ j]Ydaka]j]f

S[^TW\RZWQVSa :SPWSb B]Za]l]( ^~j \a] \a] ® EWQVbZW\WS 1)’*/)’8J: Z]kgf\]j] <f^gj\]jmf_]fYf \a] <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ kl]ddl7 ]eh^af\da[‘] B]Za]l] c}ff]f ®9ZWSoUSepaaS‘( ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘( ® nPS‘UO\UaUSepaaS‘ mf\ ®>rabS\USepaaS‘ k]af

8\R[]‘p\S B]kl]afkeYkk]f( \a] \mj[‘ \a] DfdYf\n]j]akmf_ o|‘j]f\ \]j @akr]al YZ_])dY_]jl omj\]f( fY[‘\]e \Yk ngjj~[c]f\] @ak rme NladdklYf\ cYe mf\ afAgd_] o|je]j]f FdaeYk oa]\]j YZlYml]

S‘VSPZWQV dS‘p\RS‘bS‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ]af ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘( \]j\mj[‘ ® VgR‘][]‘^V]Z]UWaQVS @af_ja^^] af k]af]e R]k]f ]j‘]Zda[‘n]j|f\]jl omj\]7 Z]\Yj^ ]af]j ^}jeda[‘]f <mko]akmf_ mf\ mfl]jda]_lngj\]j‘Yf\ \]e Ua]d \]k ® UcbS\ qY]Z]UWaQVS\ C]bS\bWOZa

8‘]aW]\ <ZljY_ ngf =g\]f ngj Ydd]e \mj[‘ \Yk Rajc]f ngf RYkk]j

8J F~jr]d ^~j6 ® 8W\e]V\S‘eS‘b

Scb‘]^V c]ffr]a[‘f]l ]af ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘ Ydk f|‘jklg^^j]a[‘ $® ApV‘%ab]TT( ® 8cb‘]^VWS‘c\U( ® G‘]^VWSabcTS%

8cb‘]^VWS‘c\U <fj]a[‘]jmf_ ngf I|‘jklg^^]f af ]af]e ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘( \a] ]af~Z]je|{a_ klYjc]k RY[‘klme ngf <d_]f mf\ ‘}‘]j]f K^dYfr]f Z]oajcl

Sf^]\WS‘b ae Naff] \]j ® 8f^]aWbW]\ \]j @afoajcmf_ ]af]k Peo]dl^Yclgjk Ymk_])k]lrl

8f^]aWbW]\ Ydd_]e]af \]j BjY\ \]j @afoajcmf_ ]af]k Peo]dl^Yclgjk Ym^ ]af]f Jj_Y)fakemk( ]af] G]Z]fk_]e]afk[‘Y^l g\]j ]af]f G]Z]fkjYme7 ae UmkYe)e]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k Ydk ® JSZZS\Sf^]aWbW]\

9S\abS‘PWZRc\U }jlda[‘ \mj[‘d|kka_]j]k B]kl]af af ]af]e ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘abOcS‘( \Yk \]f?mj[‘ljall ngf ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘ roak[‘]f ro]a ngf \]e ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘%abOcS‘ _]lj]ffl]f ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘ZSWbS‘\ ]je}_da[‘l

9WaQVOcTabWSUaO\ZOUS <fdY_]( \a] Aak[‘]f \Yk zZ]joaf\]f ]af]k ® DcS‘POceS‘YSa ]je}_da[‘l

9WaQVUSepaaS‘ \]j ® EWQVbZW\WS /0’.-1’8J: mfl]j^Ydd]f\]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ g\]j ®FbO\RUSepaaS‘ $® 6g^‘W\WRS\USepaaS‘%

9WaQVTOc\O \a] Aak[‘] Ydk O]ad \]j Oa]jo]dl \]j B]o|kk]j7 ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa].,,,+2,+@B ]af] \]j ® PW]Z]UWaQVS\ DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\ \]k ®qY]Z]UWaQVS\ LcabO\RSa

9ZOQVeOaaS‘ RYkk]jngdme]f \]j ® 9ZOQVeOaaS‘h]\S

9ZOQVeOaaS‘h]\S Oa]^]fZ]j]a[‘ ngf ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘\( af \]e \a] R]dd]f_]k[‘oaf\a_)c]al ae o]k]flda[‘]f ngf \]j RYkk]jla]^] YZ‘|f_a_ akl mf\ af \]j \Yk Ga[‘lZak Ym^ \]f Bjmf\ \jaf_l

9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ]af ® :SepaaS‘( \Yk _j}{l]fl]adk Yf\]j A]kldYf\gZ]j^d|[‘] ̂ da]{l( l]ado]ak] Ym[‘ mfl]jaj\ak[‘ ^da]{]f cYff

9ZWSoUSepaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a

9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ab‘cYbc‘ ® :SepaaS‘ab‘cYbc‘ ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a

9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ab‘cYbc‘UrbS fY[‘ ngj_]_]Z]f]f Fjal]ja]f Z]o]jl]l] ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ab‘cYbc‘

9ZWSoUSepaaS‘bg^ ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘bg^ ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘Yq‘^S‘a

119

9ZcaaUSPWSbaSW\VSWb fY[‘ Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B Ydk CYmhl]af‘]al ^~j \a] =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_ ngf® 8W\hcUaUSPWSbS\ ^]kl_]d]_l]k GYf\) g\]j H]]j]k_]Za]l( \Yk Ymk ]af]eg\]j e]‘j]j]f ® 8W\hcUaUSPWSbS\ kgoa] \]e a‘f]f rm_]gj\f]l]f ®:‘c\ReOaaS‘ mf\ \]f a‘f]f rm_]gj\f]l]f ® >rabS\USepaaS‘\ Z])kl]‘l

TZcaaUSPWSbaa^ShWTWaQVS FQVORab]TTS ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B =]r]a[‘fmf_ ^~j ® a^ShWTWaQVS ag\%bVSbWaQVS FQVORab]TTS mf\ ® a^ShWTWaQVS \WQVbag\bVSbWaQVS FQVORab]T%TS( \a] af \]j ® 9ZcaaUSPWSbaSW\VSWb af Z]\]ml]f\]j]f H]f_]f af \a] ®BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘ ]af_]ljY_]f o]j\]f

TZcdWOZ Ym^ ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ Z]rg_]f g\]j ngf a‘f]f Z]oajcl

T]‘abZWQVS FbO\R]‘bYO‘bWS‘c\U fYlmjj|meda[‘]k FYjl]fo]jc ^~j ^gjklda[‘] NlYf\gjl]jcmf\mf_ mf\)hgl]flaYd] eal <f_YZ]f rm HYcjgcdaeY( ® ESZWST( =g\]f( ® :‘c\ReOa%aS‘ mf\ ® FbOceOaaS‘( Cmemk^gje mko*

9‘SWeOaaS‘ \a] RYkk]jk|md] roak[‘]f RYkk]jgZ]j^d|[‘] mf\ Bjmf\ \]k ® BPS‘TZp%QVS\USepaaS‘a

9‘S[ReOaaS‘ RYkk]j( \Yk ro][coa\ja_ af \]j <ZoYkk]jcYfYdakYlagf YZ_]^~‘jl oaj\( rme=]akha]d \mj[‘ Pf\a[‘la_c]al ]af\jaf_]f\]k ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘

:SPWSb Tr‘ RS\ FQVcbh d]\ ?SPS\a‘pc[S\c\R 4‘bS\

ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k N[‘mlr_]Za]l fY[‘ ® EWQVbZW\WS/1’,(1’8J: mf\ ® EWQVbZW\WS 1*’.)’8:( \Yk ]af]f G]Z]fkjYme g\]j<jl]f k[‘~lrl( \a] mfeall]dZYj ngf ® :SepaaS‘\ _]hj|_l mf\ YZ‘|f_a_kaf\

:SPWSb hc[ FQVcbh eW‘baQVOTbZWQV PSRSc%bS\RS‘ O_cObWaQVS‘ 4‘bS\

ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ® :SepaaS‘( af \]e RYkk]jgj_Yfak)e]f d]Z]f( \]j]f AYf_ g\]j B]oaffmf_ ngf oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]j =]\]mlmf_akl

USTpV‘RSbSa :SPWSb B]o|kk]j( \Yk fY[‘ ® EWQVbZW\WS 1)’./.’8J: ngf Q]jmfj]afa_mf_]f\mj[‘ ® AWb‘Ob Ymk \]j GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l Z]ljg^^]f akl g\]j Z]ljg^^]f o]j)\]f c}ffl]7 ]af] <mko]akmf_ cYff mfl]jZd]aZ]f( o]ff Kjg_jYee]\mj[‘_]^~‘jl o]j\]f( \a] <f^gj\]jmf_]f Yf \Yk <mkZjaf_]f ngf ?~f_])eall]df ^]kld]_]f

:STpV‘Rc\UaOPaQVpbhc\U @jklZ]o]jlmf_ ngf e}_dak[‘]f <dlklYf\gjl]f mf\ <dlYZdY_]jmf_]f $®4ZbZOabS\% eal =]mjl]admf_ \]j B]^Y‘j]fkalmYlagf7 \a] @jklZ]o]jlmf_ _aZl<m^k[‘dmkk \Yj~Z]j( gZ Ng^gjleY{fY‘e]f rmj B]^Y‘j]fYZo]‘j g\]jo]al]j] Pfl]jkm[‘mf_]f ]j^gj\]jda[‘ kaf\

:S]Z]UWS ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k <m^ZYm mf\ UmkYee]fk]lrmf_ \]k@j\mfl]j_jmf\]k( \]j af \]j M]_]d \Yk ® FcPab‘Ob ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepa%aS‘a g\]j ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘a ealhj|_l

US]abObWabWaQVSa <\bS‘^]ZObW]\adS‘TOV‘S\ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k eYl‘]eYlak[‘]k Q]j^Y‘j]f( eal \]e ae® :‘c\ReOaaS‘ Nlg^^cgfr]fljYlagfko]jl] eal \]f Hall]df \]j NlYlaklac YfZ]da]Za_]f Nl]dd]f _]k[‘|lrl o]j\]f( \a] roak[‘]f Nl]dd]f da]_]f( Yf \])f]f Nlg^^cgfr]fljYlagfko]jl] _]e]kk]f omj\]f7 af \a] klYlaklak[‘] =])ljY[‘lmf_ _]‘]f Cad^k_j}{]f oa] \a] GYf\fmlrmf_ g\]j \a] ® :S]Z]UWS]af

:SaO[b%CV]a^V]‘ H]kk_j}{] \]k af Ydd]f _]d}kl]f mf\ mf_]d}kl]f K‘gkh‘gjn]jZaf\mf_]f]af]j RYkk]jhjgZ] ]fl‘Ydl]f]f K‘gkh‘gjk $® ApV‘ab]TT%

:SaO[b%FbWQYab]TT H]kk_j}{] \]k af Ydd]f _]d}kl]f mf\ mf_]d}kl]f Nla[cklg^^n]jZaf\mf_]f]af]j RYkk]jhjgZ] ]fl‘Ydl]f]f Nla[cklg^^]k $® ApV‘ab]TT%

:SaQVWSPS[S‘USZ HYl]jaYd \]j ® :‘c\R[]‘p\S\( ~Z]joa]_]f\ ngf NYf\) g\]j N[‘dm^^)cgjf_j}{] $® FQVZcTT%7 cYff ngf _j}Z]j]e HYl]jaYd \mj[‘k]lrl k]af

120

:SepaaS‘ af \]j IYlmj ^da]{]f\]k mf\ kl]‘]f\]k RYkk]j ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ \]j @afla])^mf_( af \]j \Yk RYkk]j ^da]{l g\]j kl]‘l( \Yk ‘]a{l \]k B]o|kk]jZ]ll]k7cgfcj]laka]jl ka[‘ ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B Ydk ® 9ZWSoUSepa%aS‘( ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘( ® nPS‘UO\UaUSepaaS‘( ® >rabS\USepaaS‘mf\ ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘7 Z]ae Bjmf\oYkk]j r|‘dl \]j ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘ZSWbS‘_d]a[‘kYe Ydk B]o|kk]jZ]ll

:SepaaS‘TOc\O Oa]jo]dl \]j ® :SepaaS‘

:SepaaS‘TZ]‘O K^dYfr]fo]dl \]j ® :SepaaS‘

:SepaaS‘‘O\Rab‘SWTS\ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k =]klYf\l]ad \]j ® HTS‘ab‘cYbc‘ ]af]k ®FbO\RUSepaaS‘a7 ka[‘ mfeall]dZYj Yf \a] P^]jZ}k[‘mf_ Yfk[‘da]{]f\]jB]d|f\]klj]a^]f

:SepaaS‘_cOZWbpbahWSZdS‘]‘R\c\U ?a] Q]jgj\fmf_ ~Z]j LmYdal|lkra]d] ^~j Z]klaeel] _]^|‘jda[‘] Nlg^^] mf\rmj Q]jjaf_]jmf_ \]j B]o|kk]jn]jk[‘emlrmf_ \mj[‘ Kjg_jYee] $B]o|k)k]jimYdal|lkra]dn]jgj\fmf_+GYf\]kn]jgj\fmf_% k]lrl \a] ® EWQVbZW\WS/,’,.,’8J: af GYf\]kj][‘l me*

:SepaaS‘ab‘cYbc‘ \a] Agje]fna]d^Ydl \]k B]o|kk]jZ]ll]k $® :SepaaS‘% mf\ k]af]k Pe^]d)\]k( kgo]al ka] ® VgR‘][]‘^V]Z]UWaQV mf\ Zagdg_ak[‘ oajckYe mf\ ^~j\a] }cgdg_ak[‘]f Amfclagf]f \]k ® :SepaaS‘a mf\ \]j B]o|kk]jfa]\])jmf_ ngf =]\]mlmf_ kaf\

:SepaaS‘ab‘cYbc‘UrbS fY[‘ ngj_]_]Z]f]f Fjal]ja]f Z]o]jl]l] ® :SepaaS‘ab‘cYbc‘

:SepaaS‘bg^ \Yk Bd]a[‘] oa] ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘bg^

:SepaaS‘rPS‘eOQVc\U Z]‘}j\da[‘] Fgfljgdd] \]j fY[‘ ngj_]_]Z]f]f Fjal]ja]f rm Z]o]jl]f\]fZagdg_ak[‘]f( [‘]eak[‘]f( h‘qkacYdak[‘]f mf\ egjh‘gdg_ak[‘]f =]k[‘Y^)^]f‘]al \]j ® :SepaaS‘

:SepaaS‘c\bS‘VOZbc\U @j‘Ydlmf_ \]k oYkk]joajlk[‘Y^lda[‘ mf\ dYf\]kh^d]_]jak[‘ gj\fmf_k_])e|{]f UmklYf\]k \]k ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘a7 mfl]j Yf\]j]e \a]@j‘Ydlmf_ \]k B]o|kk]jZ]ll]k $® :SepaaS‘% ^~j ]af]f gj\fmf_k_]e|){]f <Z^dmkk

USeS‘PZWQVSa 4PeOaaS‘ ® 4PeOaaS‘ Ymk B]o]jZ]Z]lja]Z]f

UZOhWOZ ]akr]alda[‘7 \a] O|la_c]al \]k Bd]lk[‘]j]ak]k mf\ \a] \YjYmk j]kmdla]j]f\]fJZ]j^d|[‘]f^gje]f $® UZOhWOZS FS‘WS( ® :ZOhWOZ‘SZWST% mf\ ® FSRW[S\%bS Z]lj]^^]f\

UZOhWOZS FS‘WS lqhak[‘] GYf\k[‘Y^lkkljmclmj]f( \a] \mj[‘ \Yk <Zk[‘e]dr]f \]k DfdYf\]a)k]k fY[‘ \]f @akr]al]f ]flklYf\]f6 ® :‘c\R[]‘p\S( ® 8\R[]‘p\S( ®FO\RS‘( ® H‘ab‘][bOZ mf\ ® Lc\US\PSQYS\

:ZOhWOZ‘SZWST ngf \]f @akr]al]f _]hj|_l]k ® ESZWST

:‘c\R[]‘p\S <ZdY_]jmf_ ngf B]kl]afkeYl]jaYd( \Yk \Yk ngjj~[c]f\] DfdYf\]ak o|‘j]f\\]j @akr]al eal ka[‘ ^~‘jl]( rme =]akha]d Aaf\daf_]7 HYl]jaYd _]jaf_]j]jFgjf_j}{] dY_]jl] ka[‘ Ydk B]k[‘a]Z]d]‘e g\]j ® :SaQVWSPS[S‘USZ YZ

:‘c\R‘pc[c\U HY{fY‘e] \]j ® :SepaaS‘c\bS‘VOZbc\U7 =]k]ala_mf_ ngf A]klklg^^YZ)dY_]jmf_]f rmj Ra]\]j‘]jkl]ddmf_ \]k Lm]jk[‘fall]k ngf ® BPS‘TZp%QVS\USepaaS‘\

:‘c\RaQVeSZZS k[‘o]dd]fYjla_]k =Ymo]jc Yf \]j Ng‘d] ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a $_]_])Z]f]f^Yddk ae <mkdYm^ ngf ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘\%7 kgdd Ng‘d]jgkagf n]j‘af)\]jf7 \a] JZ]jcYfl] \]j N[‘o]dd] jY_l ae B]_]fkYlr rmj ® F]VZaQVeSZZS~Z]j \a] B]o|kk]jkg‘d] ‘afYmk

121

:‘c\ReOaaS‘ fY[‘ Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B Ydd]k mfl]jaj\ak[‘] RYkk]j af \]j N|lla_mf_k)rgf]( \Yk af mfeall]dZYj]j =]j~‘jmf_ eal \]e =g\]f g\]j \]e Pfl]j)_jmf\ kl]‘l7 N|lla_mf_krgf] Z]\]ml]l( \Ykk \a] Cg‘dj|me] \]k =g\]fkg\]j Pfl]j_jmf\]k ngddkl|f\a_ eal RYkk]j Ymk_]^~ddl kaf\

U‘c\ReOaaS‘OPVp\UWUSa ?O\RqY]agabS[ ]af _jmf\oYkk]jYZ‘|f_a_]k ® ?O\RqY]agabS[ akl ]af dYf\_]Zmf\]f]kycgkqkl]e( \]kk]f @pakl]fr mf\ <jl]fafn]flYj ]f_ Yf Bjmf\oYkk]j _])cghh]dl akl7 ycgkqkl]e Z]r]a[‘f]l \a] B]kYel‘]al \]j G]Z]o]k]f mf\a‘j]j G]Z]fkj|me]

:‘c\ReOaaS‘Rg\O[WY ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k ?Yjkl]ddmf_ \]j Bjmf\oYkk]j_d]a[‘]f(\Yk ‘]a{l \]j Gafa]f _d]a[‘]f Bjmf\oYkk]jklYf\]k \]k gZ]j]f rmkYe)e]f‘|f_]f\]f Bjmf\oYkk]jd]al]jk7 Ymk \]j j|meda[‘]f ?a[‘l] \]jBjmf\oYkk]j_d]a[‘]f ]j_aZl ka[‘ \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j_]^|dd] ¡ \a] l‘]gj]la)k[‘] I]a_mf_ \]k Bjmf\oYkk]jkha]_]dk ¡( \]e \a] Ada]{ja[‘lmf_ \]kBjmf\oYkk]jk ^gd_l

:‘c\ReOaaS‘Y]\bO[W\ObW]\ Bjmf\oYkk]jn]jk[‘emlrmf_

:‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ fY[‘ Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ]af YZ_]_j]frl]k Bjmf\oYkk]jngdme]f af]af]e g\]j e]‘j]j]f ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘ZSWbS‘\

:‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘U‘c^^S Bjmhh] ngf ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\ eal |‘fda[‘]f H]jceYd]f

:‘c\ReOaaS‘ZSWbS‘ fY[‘ Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B mfl]j \]j @j\gZ]j^d|[‘] da]_]f\] B]kl]afk)k[‘a[‘l]f eal ‘afj]a[‘]f\]j Kgjgkal|l mf\ ® VgR‘OcZWaQVS‘ 7c‘QVZpa%aWUYSWb( kg \Ykk ]af f]ff]fko]jl]j Bjmf\oYkk]jkljge Ym^ljall g\]j \a]@flfY‘e] ]j‘]Zda[‘]j Bjmf\oYkk]je]f_]f e}_da[‘ akl

:‘c\ReOaaS‘\ScPWZRc\U Um_Yf_ ngf RYkk]j rme ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘( e]akl \mj[‘ Q]jka[c]jmf_ ngfIa]\]jk[‘dY_koYkk]j

:‘c\ReOaaS‘abOcS‘ B]kl]afkc}jh]j( \]j ae Q]j_d]a[‘ rm ]af]e Z]fY[‘ZYjl]f B]kl]afkc}jh]j]af] _]jaf_]j] ® VgR‘OcZWaQVS 7c‘QVZpaaWUYSWb ^~j \Yk ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘Ym^o]akl

:rbSPO\R af \]j \a_alYd]f ?Yjkl]ddmf_ af ]af]e _]g_jYh‘ak[‘]f Df^gjeYlagfkkqkl]e$BDN% ZYf\^}jea_] Ra]\]j_YZ] \]j =]o]jlmf_ \]j ® DcOZWbpbaY][^]%\S\bS\ mf\ \]k ® QVS[WaQVS\ LcabO\RSa ]fldYf_ \]j ® 9ZWSoUSepa%aS‘Yq‘^S‘7 \mj[‘ Q]jj][‘fmf_ \]j =|f\]j $kg_]fYffl]f Q]jk[‘fall% d|kklka[‘ fY[‘ \]e ® CSaaW[Wa[ca^‘W\hW^ RS‘ ® LcabO\R \]j ® 9ZWSoUS%epaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ ]jeall]df mf\ ]Z]f^Yddk Ydk B~l]ZYf\ \Yjkl]dd]f

:rbS[SaaabSZZS\ Nl]dd]f af mf\ Yf ® :SepaaS‘\( Yf \]f]f eYf \a] ® :SepaaS‘rPS‘eO%QVc\U \mj[‘^~‘jl

UcbS‘ QVS[WaQVS‘ LcabO\R ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B Z]a ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\6 ®QVS[WaQVS‘ LcabO\R( Z]a \]e Z]klaeel] ngf \]j @P ngj_]_]Z]f]N[‘Y\klg^^_j]fro]jl] ]af_]‘Ydl]f kaf\7 Z]a ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\6 ®QVS[WaQVS‘ LcabO\R( Z]a \]e Z]klaeel] ngf \]j @P ngj_]_]Z]f]N[‘Y\klg^^_j]fro]jl] ]af_]‘Ydl]f kaf\( \a] [‘]eak[‘] =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]alc]af] <fr]a[‘]f ^~j ]af\jaf_]f\]k kYdr‘Ydla_]k ® GWSTS\eOaaS‘ _aZl mf\\a] [‘]eak[‘] =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al ^]jf]j o]\]j \]f ® UcbS\ LcabO\R ngf ®BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\( \a] eal \]e ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ afQ]jZaf\mf_ kl]‘]f( n]j‘af\]jl fg[‘ ® U‘c\ReOaaS‘OPVp\UWUS ?O\R%qY]agabS[S ]j‘]Zda[‘ k[‘|\a_l7 ]af _ml]j [‘]eak[‘]j UmklYf\ akl fmj_]_]Z]f( o]ff Ydd] N[‘Y\klg^^_j]fro]jl] ]af_]‘Ydl]f kaf\( akl fmj ]afBj]fro]jl fa[‘l ]af_]‘Ydl]f( _adl fY[‘ \]e ® CSaaW[Wa[ca^‘W\hW^ \]j® QVS[WaQVS LcabO\R Ydk k[‘d][‘l

UcbS‘ [S\US\[poWUS‘ LcabO\R ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B Z]a ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\ ]af ®[S\US\[poWUS‘ LcabO\R( Z]a \]e \Yk ® \cbhPO‘S :‘c\ReOaaS‘RO‘%USP]b fa[‘l ngf \]j dYf_^jakla_]f ealld]j]f b|‘jda[‘]f @flfY‘e] ngf ®:‘c\ReOaaS‘ ~Z]jk[‘jall]f oaj\7 oaj\ ]k ~Z]jk[‘jall]f( da]_l ]af k[‘d][‘)l]j ® [S\US\[poWUS‘ LcabO\R ngj

122

UcbS‘ qY]Z]UWaQVS‘ LcabO\R ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B Z]a ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\ ]af® qY]Z]UWaQVS‘ LcabO\R( Z]a \]e \a] ® DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\ \a]ngf \]j Ma[‘ldafa] ^~j \]f _ml]f }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\ \]^afa]jl]f <f^gj)\]jmf_]f ]j^~dd]f7 ]j^~ddl fmj ]af] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl] \a] <f^gj\]jmf)_]f fa[‘l( _adl fY[‘ \]e ® CSaaW[Wa[ca^‘W\hW^ \]j }cgdg_ak[‘] UmklYf\Ydk e|{a_ g\]j k[‘d][‘l]j $® qY]Z]UWaQVS‘ LcabO\R%

UcbS‘ LcabO\R ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B Z]a ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\ ®LcabO\R( Z]a \]e fY[‘ \]e ® CSaaW[Wa[ca^‘W\hW^ ]af eaf\]kl]fk ®UcbS‘ qY]Z]UWaQVS‘ LcabO\R mf\ ]af eaf\]kl]fk ® UcbS‘ QVS[WaQVS‘LcabO\R _]_]Z]f k]af e~kk]f

UcbSa qY]Z]UWaQVSa C]bS\hWOZ ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B Z]a ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\]af ® qY]Z]UWaQVSa C]bS\hWOZ( Z]a \]e \a] ® DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\\a] ngf \]j Ma[‘ldafa] ^~j \Yk _ml] }cgdg_ak[‘] Kgl]fraYd \]^afa]jl]f <f)^gj\]jmf_]f ]j^~dd]f7 ]j^~ddl fmj ]af] LmYdal|lkcgehgf]fl] \a] <f^gj\])jmf_]f fa[‘l( _adl fY[‘ \]e ® CSaaW[Wa[ca^‘W\hW^ \Yk }cgdg_ak[‘]Kgl]flaYd Ydk e|{a_ g\]j k[‘d][‘l]j $® qY]Z]UWaQVSa C]bS\bWOZ%

;Oc^bT‘cQVb Ydd] Ajm[‘lYjl]f( \a] af \]j _]kYel]f g\]j af \]j ~Z]joa]_]f\]f Q]_]lY)lagfkh]jag\] Ym^ \]e A]d\ kl]‘]f

VpcaZWQVSa 4PeOaaS‘ ® 4PeOaaS‘ Ymk F~[‘]f( RYk[‘c~[‘]f( RYk[‘j|me]f( =Y\]j|me]f(<Zgjlj|me]f mf\ |‘fda[‘ _]fmlrl]f M|me]f

;]VSWbaUSepaaS‘ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k O]ad \]j Jklk]]( ^~j \a] \a] =mf\]kj]hm)Zdac ?]mlk[‘dYf\ fY[‘ \]e Q}dc]jj][‘l Cg‘]alkj][‘l] Z]Yfkhjm[‘l

;]VSWbaU‘S\hS ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k Bj]fr] \]j ® ;]VSWbaUSepaaS‘ \]j=mf\]kj]hmZdac ?]mlk[‘dYf\ af \]j Jklk]]

;D F~jr]d ^~j6 Cg[‘oYkk]jYZ^dmkk7 _j}{l]j af ]af]e Z]klaeel]f U]aljYme $aeUmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 af \]j ® 4PTZcaa‘SWVS% _]e]kk]f]j ®4PTZcaa ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a

VgR‘OcZWaQV ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 \mj[‘ \Yk Bjmf\oYkk]j_]^|dd] $®:‘c\ReOaaS‘Rg\O[WY% Z]oajcl

VgR‘OcZWaQVS 7c‘QVZpaaWUYSWb HY{ ^~j \Yk ?mj[‘klj}e]f ngf Bjmf\oYkk]j \mj[‘ \Yk B]kl]af ]af]kBjmf\oYkk]jd]al]jk

;gR‘]Rg\O[WY ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 Bjmf\oYkk]jklj}emf_kn]j‘|dlfak)k]

VgR‘]US]Z]UWaQV ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k \a] Bjmf\oYkk]jn]j‘|dlfakk] mf\ \]j]fUmkYee]f‘Yf_ eal \]e B]kl]afkYm^ZYm Z]lj]^^]f\

VgR‘]Z]UWaQV _]o|kk]jcmf\da[‘7 ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k ngjjYf_a_6 \a] <Z)^dmkkn]j‘|dlfakk] Z]lj]^^]f\

VgR‘]Z]UWaQVS ;Oc^beS‘bS RYkk]jklYf\ mf\ <Z^dmkkn]j‘|dlfakk] $® 4PTZcaa% ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepa%aS‘a c]ffr]a[‘f]f\] R]jl]( rme =]akha]d ® ;D( ® @D( ® @;D( ® @AD

;gR‘][]‘^V]Z]UWS ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k B]klYdl \]k B]o|kk]jZ]ll]k "® :Sepa%aS‘% ]af]k ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘a( \a] ka[‘ mfl]j \]e @af^dmkk \]jRYkk]jklj}emf_ g\]j e]fk[‘da[‘]j @af_ja^^] YmkZad\]l

VgR‘][]‘^V]Z]UWaQV \a] ® ;gR‘][]‘^V]Z]UWS Z]lj]^^]f\

VgR‘][]‘^V]Z]UWaQVS DcOZWbpbaY][^]%\S\bS

ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ® DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS( \a] \a] ®VgR‘][]‘^V]Z]UWaQVS ® 4caeW‘Yc\U ]af]j ® 5SZOabc\U Z]k[‘j]aZl

VgR‘]ab‘ObWU‘OTWaQV ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k \a] Bjmf\oYkk]jn]j‘|dlfakk] mf\ \]j]fUmkYee]f‘Yf_ eal \]e N[‘a[‘l]fYm^ZYm \]j B]kl]af] Z]lj]^^]f\

<[[WaaW]\ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k Nlg^^]afljY_ af ® :SepaaS‘

123

<\RSf klYlaklak[‘] H]kkra^^]j7 R]jl ]af]k ® <\RSfagabS[a( \]j ]af] Z]klaeel]<mkkY_] g\]j FdYkka^ara]jmf_ ]je}_da[‘l

<\RSfagabS[ =]o]jlmf_kkqkl]e( \Yk eal Cad^] ngf ® <\RWhSa YjZ]al]l( rme =]akha]dNlYf\gjllqha]af\]p g\]j NYhjgZa]faf\]p

<\RW‘SYbSW\ZSWbc\U @afd]almf_ ngf ® 4PeOaaS‘ af ]af] <ZoYkk]jcYfYdakYlagf7 B]_]fkYlr6 ®7W‘SYbSW\ZSWbc\U

W\Rcab‘WSZZSa 4PeOaaS‘ ® 4PeOaaS‘ Ymk \]j Df\mklja]

W\\S‘S >rabS\USepaaS‘ ® >rabS\USepaaS‘ roak[‘]f \]j F~kl]fdafa] \]k A]kldYf\]k mf\ \]j=Ykakdafa]7 \a] =Ykakdafa] akl \a] Gafa]( ngf \]j Ymk \a] NlYYl]f a‘j ® ;]%VSWbaUSepaaS‘ Z]klaee]f7 ka] ^|ddl af \]j M]_]d eal \]j F~kl]fdafa] \]kA]kldYf\]k rmkYee]f( Yf H]]j]f_]f mf\ Dfk]df cYff ka] YZ]j Ym[‘ af \]jN]] mf\ \]j F~kl]fdafa] \]j Dfk]df n]jdYm^]f7 ® >rabS\USepaaS‘ b]fk]alk\]j =Ykakdafa] f]ffl eYf ® pcoS‘S >rabS\USepaaS‘

<\bS‘YOZWP‘WS‘c\U af \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ngj_]k]‘]f]j <Z_d]a[‘ \]j =]o]jlmf_kkqk)l]e] \]j Hal_da]\klYYl]f eal \]e Ua]d( ]af] n]j_d]a[‘ZYj] =]o]jlmf_ \]k® qY]Z]UWaQVS\ LcabO\RSa \]j ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ rm ]jj]a)[‘]f

<\bS‘\OZWaWS‘c\U ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 @afZ]ra]‘mf_+@afj][‘fmf_

W\bS‘\S 5SZOabc\U ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k klg^^da[‘] ® 5SZOabc\U( \a] ngf ]af]jLm]dd] ae ® :SepaaS‘ k]dZkl Ymk_]‘l7 b]\] \a]k]j afl]jf]f =]dYklmf_]f_]‘l Ym^ ]af] ]pl]jf] ® 5SZOabc\U rmj~[c( eal \]j rmngj ngf Ym{]j‘YdZ\]k ® :SepaaS‘a Nlg^^] ]af_]ljY_]f omj\]f( \a] af \]j M]_]d Ym^ \]eB]o|kk]j_jmf\ ngj~Z]j_]‘]f\ ^]kl_]d]_l omj\]f mf\ mfl]j Z]klaeel]f=]\af_mf_]f j]egZadaka]jl o]j\]f c}ff]f $® ES[]PWZWaWS‘c\U( ®ErQYZqac\U%

<IH%EWQVbZW\WS ® EWQVbZW\WS 1.’.)’8:

Xc\UUZOhWOZ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 ngf \]j b~f_kl]f @akr]al _]hj|_l $®UZOhWOZ%

=c\U[]‘p\S ngf Bd]lk[‘]jf \]j d]lrl]f @akr]al \mj[‘ n]j^jY[‘l]l]k N[‘mlleYl]jaYd_]Zad\]l] GYf\k[‘Y^l

>Zp‘O\ZOUS <fdY_] rmj M]afa_mf_ ngf ® 4PeOaaS‘

>][[c\OZOPeOaaS‘‘WQVbZW\WS ® EWQVbZW\WS 1)’*/)’8J:

Y]\bW\S\bOZ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 A]kldYf\]af^dmkk mfl]jda]_]f\

>]abS\RSQYc\UaU‘OR Q]j‘|dlfak ngf \]f @affY‘e]f ]af]j F}jh]jk[‘Y^l g\]j ]af]k Kjgb]cl]k rm\]f Fgkl]f

>‘Ocbc\U =]k]ala_mf_ ~Z]je|{a_]j <mkZj]almf_ ngf RYkk]jh^dYfr]f af \]j Pfl]j)oYkk]jrgf] ngf ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘\

Yr\abZWQVS‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ]af ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘( \]f\]j H]fk[‘ _]k[‘Y^^]f ‘Yl mf\ \]j ^}jeda[‘ Ydk c~fklda[‘ Ymk_]oa]k]foaj\7 mfl]jda]_l ngj\]j‘Yf\ \]e Ua]d \]k ® UcbS\ qY]Z]UWaQVS\ C]bS\%hWOZa7 nge H]fk[‘]f _]k[‘Y^^]f] JZ]j^d|[‘]foYkk]jc}jh]j( \a] eYffa[‘l ^}jeda[‘ Ydk c~fklda[‘ Ymko]akl( mfl]jda]_]f \]e Ua]d \]k ® UcbS\qY]Z]UWaQVS\ LcabO\RSa

124

>rabS\USepaaS‘ fY[‘ Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ]af ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘ Ym^ \]j dYf\o|j)la_]f N]al] ]af]j Gafa]( Ym^ \]j ka[‘ b]\]j Kmfcl ]af] N]]e]ad] k]]o|jlknge f|[‘kl]f Kmfcl \]j =Ykakdafa] $® pcoS‘Sa >rabS\USepaaS‘% Z]^af)\]l( _]_]Z]f]f^Yddk Zak rmj |m{]j]f Bj]fr] ]af]k ® nPS‘UO\UaUSepa%aS‘a7 l]adl ka[‘ af \a] F~kl]f_]o|kk]j \]j ® )%FSS[SWZS\%L]\S mf\ \a]F~kl]f_]o|kk]j roak[‘]f ® )%FSS[SWZS\%L]\S mf\ ® ;]VSWbaU‘S\hS7]af] o]al]j]( ‘a]jeal fa[‘l a\]flak[‘] Pfl]jl]admf_ akl \a] af ® W\\S‘S>rabS\USepaaS‘ mf\ ® pcoS‘S >rabS\USepaaS‘

>rabS\USepaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ ]af]k ® >rabS\USepaaS‘a

>rabS\USepaaS‘bg^ ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘bg^ ]af]k ® >rabS\USepaaS‘Yq‘^S‘a

>rabS\aQVcbhRSWQV ?Yee Ymk @j\ZYmklg^^]f rme N[‘mlr _]_]f Cg[‘oYkk]j g\]j Nlmje^dm)l]f Yf ® >rabS\USepaaS‘\7 ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k rmeN[‘mlr ngf ® >rabS\rPS‘TZcbc\UaTZpQVS\

>rabS\rPS‘TZcbc\UaTZpQVS ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k Z]a ]j‘}‘l]f Jklk]]oYkk]jkl|f\]fmjkhj~f_da[‘ j]_]de|{a_ ngf ]afklj}e]f\]e H]]j]koYkk]j Z]]af^dmkkl]GYf\^d|[‘]( \a] ‘]ml] g^l \mj[‘ ® >rabS\aQVcbhRSWQVS ngj zZ]j^dmlmf)_]f _]k[‘~lrl akl mf\ e]akl]fk dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘ _]fmlrl oaj\

>rabS\dS‘POc HY{fY‘e] rmj =]^]kla_mf_ mf\ Na[‘]jmf_ \]k P^]jk ]af]k ® >rabS\US%epaaS‘a

?p\Ua^‘]TWZ Agje mf\ Q]j|f\]jda[‘c]al \]k GYm^]k ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a ae G|f_k)k[‘fall

?OcTOcaPWZRc\U ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k =]klYf\l]ad \]j ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ab‘cY%bc‘7 Z]r]a[‘f]l \a] ae Bjmf\jakk Z]ljY[‘l]l] Agje mf\ Q]j|f\]jda[‘c]al\]k GYm^]k ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a

?OcTS\beWQYZc\U kgna]d oa] ® ?OcTOcaPWZRc\U

?]QYS‘USabSW\ fa[‘l g\]j o]fa_ n]j^]kla_l]k B]kl]af mfl]jk[‘a]\da[‘]j Fgjf_j}{] oa]NYf\]( Fa]k]( Ogf]*

?gaW[SbS‘ <fdY_] rmj H]kkmf_ \]j ?mj[‘ka[c]jmf_ ngf Ia]\]jk[‘dY_koYkk]j \mj[‘\a] gZ]j] =g\]fk[‘a[‘l7 eal Gqkae]l]jf cYff eYf f|‘]jmf_ko]ak] @j)c]fflfakk] rm \]f <fl]ad]f \]k Ia]\]jk[‘dY_]k _]oaff]f( \a] n]j\mfkl]fg\]j ae =g\]f n]jka[c]jf mf\ _]_]Z]f]f^Yddk rmj ® Bjmf\oYkk]jf]mZad)\mf_ Z]aljY_]f

@OY‘]^VgbS\ eYcjgkcghak[‘]( \* ‘* g‘f] ghlak[‘] Cad^keall]d oa] Gmh] g\]j Hacjgkcgh_ml ]jc]ffZYj] RYkk]jh^dYfr]f ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ \]j M}‘ja[‘lh^dYfr]f mf\<jed]m[‘l]jYd_]f( YZ]j g‘f] Yf\]j] <d_]f $® CVgb]PS\bV]a%

@OY‘]h]]PS\bV]a \a] eal \]e <m_] ]jc]ffZYj] $ae Ydd_]e]af]f eaf\]kl]fk - ee _jg{]%oajZ]ddgk] Oa]jo]dl \]k B]o|kk]jZg\]fk $Ym[‘6 ® PS\bVWaQVS JW‘PSZZ]%aS\TOc\O%

[O‘W\ Ym^ \Yk H]]j Z]rg_]f

[O‘WbW[ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 H]]j]k]af^dmkk mfl]jda]_]f\

[S\US\[poWUS‘ LcabO\R ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B \a] e]f_]fe|{a_] =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al]af]k ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘a7 Z]eakkl ka[‘ Yf \]e Q]j‘|dlfak ngf ®\cbhPO‘S[ :‘c\ReOaaS‘RO‘USP]b mf\ @flfY‘e] ngf ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘7\a] =]o]jlmf_ \]k e]f_]fe|{a_]f UmklYf\]k ]j^gd_l af \]f FdYkk]f _mlmf\ k[‘d][‘l

[Sa]b‘]^V zZ]j_Yf_ nge ® ]ZWU]b‘]^VS\ rme ® Scb‘]^VS\ UmklYf\7 ®G‘]^VWSabcTS\ rmj =]o]jlmf_ ngf ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘\ fY[‘ ljgh‘ak[‘]fFjal]ja]f $® G‘]^VWS%7 g^leYdk ® ^]bS\bWSZZ \Obr‘ZWQVS G‘]^VWSabcTS‘a]ka_]j N]]f $® ]ZWU]b‘]^V( ®G‘]^VWS( ®8cb‘]^VWS‘c\U%

125

[Sa]h]WaQV Ymk \]e @j\eall]dYdl]j klYee]f\7 \Yk H]kgrgacme Z]_Yff ngj .1, Hadda)gf]f EY‘j]f mf\ ]f\]l] ngj 21 Haddagf]f EY‘j]f7 af \Yk H]kgrgacme ^|ddl\Yk U]alYdl]j \]j ® BPS‘Y‘SWRS

@;D F~jr]d ^~j6 ealld]j]j Cg[‘oYkk]jYZ^dmkk7 Hall]do]jl \]j ® ;D e]‘j]j]jZ]klaeel]j U]alj|me] $ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 \]j <Z^dmkkbY‘j]]af]j ® 4PTZcaa‘SWVS%

@WaQVeOaaS‘ _]e]afkYe YZ_]d]al]l]k ® FQV[cbheOaaS‘ mf\ ® AWSRS‘aQVZOUaeOa%aS‘ mf\ _]_]Z]f]f^Yddk ® 9‘S[ReOaaS‘

@WaQVeOaaS‘SW\ZSWbc\U ® 7W‘SYbSW\ZSWbc\U ngf ® @WaQVeOaaS‘

@AD F~jr]d ^~j6 ealld]j]j Ia]\ja_oYkk]jYZ^dmkk7 Hall]do]jl \]j ® AD e]‘j]j]jZ]klaeel]j U]alj|me] $ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 \]j <Z^dmkkbY‘j]]af]j ® 4PTZcaa‘SWVS%

@]‘^V]Z]UWS ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k \a] B]klYdl \]k =]ll]k ]af]k ® BPS‘TZp%QVS\USepaaS‘a

[]‘^V]Z]UWaQV \a] ® @]‘^V]Z]UWS Z]lj]^^]f\

@D F~jr]d ^~j6 ealld]j]j <Z^dmkk7 ealld]j]j af ]af]e Z]klaeel]f U]aljYme_]e]kk]f]j ® 4PTZcaa ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a $ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k=]ja[‘l]k6 Hall]do]jl \]j ® HL \]j <Z^dmkkbY‘j] ]af]j ® 4PTZcaa‘SWVS%

@caQVSZUSepaaS‘ \]j ® EWQVbZW\WS /1’1*+’8J: mfl]j^Ydd]f\]k ® >rabS\USepaaS‘ g\]j® :SepaaS‘ eal ® 5‘OQYeOaaS‘

ApV‘ab]TT ^~j \a] @jf|‘jmf_ ngf K^dYfr]f mf\ Oa]j]f fglo]f\a_] ® ]‘UO\WaQVSmf\ ® O\]‘UO\WaQVS Nlg^^]7 ^~j \]f B]o|kk]jk[‘mlr Z]kgf\]jk j]d]nYflkaf\ Nla[cklg^^ mf\ K‘gkh‘gj

ApV‘ab]TTaS\YS ® >rabS\USepaaS‘( ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘( ^da]{Z]jm‘a_l] Nlj][c]f ]af]k ®9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a kaf\ =]j]a[‘]( af \]f]f ka[‘ ® ApV‘ab]TTS \Ym]j‘Y^lg\]j l]ehgj|j YZdY_]jf c}ff]f mf\ kgeal fa[‘l ^~j \]f mfeall]dZYj]fNlg^^mekYlr \]j RYkk]jgj_Yfake]f rmj Q]j^~_mf_ kl]‘]f

AO\]‘U F~jr]d ^~j6 ® O\]‘UO\WaQV _]Zmf\]f]j Nla[cklg^^7 ® O\]‘UO\WaQV _])Zmf\]f]j Nla[cklg^^ akl rme =]akha]d ® 4[[]\Wc[%FbWQYab]TT ae B]_]f)kYlr rm ® ]‘UO\WaQV _]Zmf\]f]e Nla[cklg^^ oa] rme =]akha]d \]j Nla[c)klg^^ af @ao]a{egd]c~d]f

\Obr‘ZWQVS‘ ;W\bS‘U‘c\R ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k fYl~jda[‘]jo]ak] af ® :SepaaS‘\ ngj)cgee]f\] Fgfr]fljYlagf]f ngf Nlg^^]f( rme =]akha]d ngf Nla[cklg^^ g\]jK‘gkh‘gj

\Obr‘ZWQV ‘rQYUSabOcb IYl~jda[‘]j M~[cklYm cYff af ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘\ ngj @afe~f\mf_ af_j}{]j]( dYf_kYe]j ^da]{]f\] ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘( ngj @afe~f\mf_ af ®FbO\RUSepaaS‘ g\]j af ® >rabS\USepaaS‘ Ym^lj]l]f7 fYl~jda[‘]k K‘|)fge]f( ae B]_]fkYlr rme M~[cklYm( \]j \mj[‘ ® O\bV‘]^]US\S Q]j|f)\]jmf_]f ngf Ada]{_]o|kk]jf Ym^ljall( rme =]akha]d ngj ® DcS‘POceS‘%YS\*

ASV‘c\U k[‘eYd]j kYf\a_]j GYf\klj]a^]f( \]j ]af]f ^dY[‘]f O]ad \]k H]]j]k ngf \]jg^^]f]f N]] YZlj]ffl7 ]flkl]‘l \mj[‘ NYf\n]j\ja^lmf_

AUSa F~jr]d ^~j6 ® :SaO[b%FbWQYab]TT

AWSRS‘aQVZOUaeOaaS‘ YZ^da]{]f\]j M]_]f mf\ N[‘e]droYkk]j

AWSRS‘aQVZOUaeOaaS‘SW\ZSWbc\U ® 7W‘SYbSW\ZSWbc\U ngf ® AWSRS‘aQVZOUaeOaaS‘

AWb‘Ob ® O\]‘UO\WaQVS Q]jZaf\mf_ \]k Nla[cklg^^k7 NYdr \]j NYdh]l]jk|mj]

AWb‘Ob%FbWQYab]TT H]kk_j}{] \]k ae ® AWb‘Ob ]fl‘Ydl]f]f Nla[cklg^^]k

126

AD F~jr]d ^~j6 Ia]\ja_oYkk]jYZ^dmkk7 _]jaf_kl]j af ]af]e Z]klaeel]f U]al)jYme $ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 af \]j ® 4PTZcaa‘SWVS% _]e]k)k]f]j ® 4PTZcaa ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a

\cbhPO‘Sa :‘c\ReOaaS‘RO‘USP]b \]j ^~j \a] RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ imYdalYlan _]]a_f]l] <fl]ad \]k ® :‘c\R%eOaaS‘a( \]j _]k[‘~lrl mf\ oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘ _]fmlrl o]j\]f cYff( oYkk]j)‘Ymk‘Ydlke|{a_ ae dYf_b|‘ja_]f Hall]d rmj Q]j^~_mf_ kl]‘l mf\ \]kk]f@flfY‘e] }cgdg_ak[‘ n]jlj]lZYj akl

]PS‘S‘ hcaO[[S\Vp\US\RS‘ :‘c\ReOa%aS‘ZSWbS‘

gZ]jkl]j ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘ZSWbS‘ af B]Za]l]f g‘f] ® PW\RWUS ® 7SQY%aQVWQVl mf\ \]j ]jkl] gZ]j] ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘ZSWbS‘ mfl]j‘YdZ \]j ®7SQYaQVWQVb af B]Za]l]f eal ® PW\RWUS\ ® 7SQYaQVWQVbS\

BPS‘TZpQVS\OPTZcaa \]j O]ad \]k Ia]\]jk[‘dY_]k( \]j Ym^ \]j GYf\gZ]j^d|[‘] af ]af ® BPS‘TZp%QVS\USepaaS‘ YZ d̂a]{l

BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘ Fgdd]clanZ]_ja^^ ^~j ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘( ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘( ® nPS‘%UO\UaUSepaaS‘ mf\ ® >rabS\USepaaS‘

BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘bg^S\ a\]Ydaka]jl] UmkYee]f^Ykkmf_ af\ana\m]dd]j ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘( ® FbO\R%USepaaS‘ g\]j ® >rabS\USepaaS‘ fY[‘ b]o]adk \]^afa]jl]f _]e]afkY)e]f( rme =]akha]d ® []‘^V]Z]UWaQVS\( h‘qkacYdak[‘]f( [‘]eak[‘]f( ®VgR‘]Z]UWaQVS\ g\]j ® PW]hq\]bWaQVS\ H]jceYd]f

BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ]af ]af‘]alda[‘]j mf\ Z]\]ml]f\]j<Zk[‘fall ]af]k ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘a( rme =]akha]d ]af ® FbO\R%USepaaS‘( ]af Nh]a[‘]jZ][c]f "® F^SWQVS‘( ® GOZa^S‘‘S%( ]af ® 9ZWSo%USepaaS‘( ]af O]ad ]af]k ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘a g\]j ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepa%aS‘a( ]af ® nPS‘UO\UaUSepaaS‘ g\]j ]af F~kl]f_]o|kk]jklj]a^]f $®>rabS\USepaaS‘%

BPS‘Y‘SWRS b~f_kl] @hg[‘] \]k H]kgrgacmek $® [Sa]h]WaQV%7 Z]_Yff ngj -,, Hadda)gf]f EY‘j]f mf\ ]f\]l] ngj 21 Haddagf]f EY‘j]f7 Z]r]a[‘f]l \Yk B]kl]af(\Yk af \a]k]j U]al ]flklYf\

qY]Z]UWaQVS 7c‘QVUp\UWUYSWb Z]r]a[‘f]l \a] RYf\]jmf_ke}_da[‘c]al]f ngf B]o|kk]jgj_Yfake]f aeB]o|kk]jn]jdYm^7 Z]lja^^l afkZ]kgf\]j] ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ mf\ ngf ®9ZWSoUSepaaS‘\ \mj[‘^dgkk]f] ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘7 _]eaf\]jl oaj\ \a]}cgdg_ak[‘] ?mj[‘_|f_a_c]al ngf ® DcS‘POceS‘YS\

qY]Z]UWaQVS‘ LcabO\R ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B }cgdg_ak[‘] =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al ngf ®BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘\7 \]^afa]jl \mj[‘ ngf \]j Ma[‘ldafa] ngj_]_])Z]f] ® DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\6 \a] ® PW]Z]UWaQVS\ DcOZWbpbaY][^]%\S\bS\( \a] ® ^VgaWYOZWaQV%QVS[WaQVS\ DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\ mf\\a] ® VgR‘][]‘^V]Z]UWaQVS\ DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\7 \a] =]o]jlmf_\]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f UmklYf\]k ]j^gd_l af \]f FdYkk]f k]‘j _ml( _ml( e|{a_(mfZ]^ja]\a_]f\( k[‘d][‘l

qY]Z]UWaQVSa C]bS\hWOZ ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B }cgdg_ak[‘] =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al ® S‘VSP%ZWQV dS‘p\RS‘bS‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ g\]j ® Yr\abZWQVS‘ JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘7\]^afa]jl \mj[‘ ngf \]j Ma[‘ldafa] ngj_]_]Z]f] ® DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\%bS\6 \a] ® PW]Z]UWaQVS\ DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\( \a] ® ^VgaWYOZWaQV%QVS[WaQVS\ DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\ mf\ \a] ® VgR‘][]‘^V]Z]UW%aQVS\ DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\7 _]_]f~Z]j \]f <f^gj\]jmf_]f Yf \a] ®DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\ \]k ® qY]Z]UWaQVS\ LcabO\RSa kaf\ \a] <f^gj)\]jmf_]f _]eaf\]jl7 \a] =]o]jlmf_ \]k }cgdg_ak[‘]f Kgl]flaYdk ]j^gd_laf \]f FdYkk]f _ml mf\ Z]kk]j( e|{a_( mfZ]^ja]\a_]f\( k[‘d][‘l

qY][]^V]Z]UWaQV ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 \a] ® @]‘^V]Z]UWS ae UmkYee]f)‘Yf_ eal \]j G]Z]fkjYme^mfclagf Z]lj]^^]f\

mY]‘SUW]\ af \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ^]kl_]d]_l] M]_agf |‘fda[‘]j }cgdg_ak[‘]jQ]j‘|dlfakk]

127

]ZWU]b‘]^V c]ffr]a[‘f]l ]af ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘ Ydk f|‘jklg^^Yje $® ApV‘%ab]TT% mf\ kYm]jklg^^j]a[‘ eal _jg{]j ® FWQVbbWSTS $® G‘]^VWS( ®G‘]^VWSabcTS%7 g^l fYl~jda[‘]j Ojgh‘a]rmklYf\ ngf ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘\mf\ ® >rabS\USepaaS‘\

]‘UO\WaQV kaf\ [‘]eak[‘] Q]jZaf\mf_]f( \a] Fg‘d]fklg^^ ]fl‘Ydl]f

]‘UO\WaQVS 5SZOabc\U ® 5SZOabc\U \]j ® :SepaaS‘ eal ® ]‘UO\WaQVS\ Nlg^^]f7 ® 4caeW‘%Yc\US\ ]flkl]‘]f \mj[‘ NYm]jklg^^n]jZjYm[‘ Z]a \]j]f <ZZYm

]‘WS\bWS‘S\RS H\bS‘acQVc\U Pfl]jkm[‘mf_( \a] \Yrm \a]fl( ]af]f <dldYkl]fn]j\Y[‘l $® OZbZOabS\dS‘%RpQVbWUS 9ZpQVS% ‘afj]a[‘]f\ rm Z]kl|la_]f g\]j Ymkrmk[‘da]{]f

B‘bV]^V]a^VOb ® O\]‘UO\WaQVS Q]jZaf\mf_ \]k K‘gkh‘gjk

B‘bV]^V]a^VOb%CV]a^V]‘ H]kk_j}{] \]k ae ® B‘bV]^V]a^VOb ]fl‘Ydl]f]f K‘gkh‘gjk

]ahWZZWS‘S\ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 \Yk h]jag\ak[‘] Qgjj~[c]f mf\ Um)j~[co]a[‘]f \]k DfdYf\]ak]k o|‘j]f\ \]j @akr]al]f

CSUSZ <fdY_] rme H]kk]f \]k RYkk]jklYf\]k( Z]a ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘\ g^l Ym[‘\]k ® 4PTZcaaSa

CSaaW[Wa[ca^‘W\hW^ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k Bjmf\kYlr( fY[‘ \]e \Yk @j_]Zfak ]af]jB]kYelZ]o]jlmf_ ngf \]e k[‘d][‘l]kl]f @j_]Zfak \]j O]adZ]o]jlmf_]f(Ymk \]f]f ka[‘ \a] B]kYelZ]o]jlmf_ rmkYee]fk]lrl( Z]klaeel oaj\7 kgddrme =]akha]d \a] B]kYelZ]o]jlmf_ £k]‘j _ml¢ k]af( e~kk]f Ydd] O]adZ]o]j)lmf_]f £k]‘j _ml¢ k]af( akl fmj ]af] O]adZ]o]jlmf_ \Yngf £_ml¢( kg akl Ym[‘\a] B]kYelZ]o]jlmf_ fmj £_ml¢

CUSa F~jr]d ^~j6 ® :SaO[b^V]a^V]‘

^VgaWYOZWaQV%QVS[WaQVS DcOZWbpbaY][^]%\S\bS\

® DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\( \a] ka[‘ fY[‘ Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B Ymk \]fYdd_]e]af]f h‘qkacYdak[‘)[‘]eak[‘]f Fgehgf]fl]f O]eh]jYlmjn]j‘|dl)fakk]( NYm]jklg^^‘Ymk‘Ydl( NYdr_]‘Ydl( Q]jkYm]jmf_krmklYf\( I|‘jklg^^n]j)‘|dlfakk] $® ApV‘ab]TT% kgoa] <f^gj\]jmf_]f Yf ® a^ShWTWaQVS ag\bVS%bWaQVS FQVORab]TTS mf\ ® a^ShWTWaQVS \WQVbag\bVSbWaQVS FQVORab]TTSrmkYee]fk]lr]f

CVgb]PS\bV]a Ydd_]e]af6 K^dYfr]fo]dl \]k B]o|kk]jZg\]fk7 ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa].,,,+2,+@B Z]ra]‘l ka[‘ \]j =]_ja^^ af ]jkl]j Gafa] Ym^ <d_]f eal <mkfY‘e]\]j <jed]m[‘l]jYd_]f $® @OY‘]^VgbS\%( YZ]j ]afk[‘da]{da[‘ \]j =dYmYd)_]f( kgoa] Ym^ =Ycl]ja]fngjcgee]f af Agje ngf Ugll]f( =]d|_]f( =]kYlrg\]j Yf\]j]f <f‘|m^mf_k^gje]f( \a] Ym^ \]f H]fk[‘]f rmj~[crm^~‘j]fkaf\ mf\ \a] h‘qlgZ]fl‘ak[‘] G]Z]fk_]e]afk[‘Y^l Z]]aflj|[‘la_]f

CVgb]^ZO\Yb]\ ae RYkk]j k[‘o]Z]f\] ]afr]dda_] h^dYfrda[‘] Jj_Yfake]f eal _]jaf_]j@a_]fZ]o]_da[‘c]al( \a] eal \]j RYkk]jklj}emf_ n]j\ja^l]l o]j\]f

CVgb]^ZO\Yb]\%5W]d]Zc[S\ \Yk Qgdme]f( \Yk ]af] K‘qlghdYfclgfr]dd] g\]j \Yk _]kYel] ® CVg%b]^ZO\Yb]\ ]affaeel

^ZSWab]hp\S FO\RS ae Kd]aklgr|f _]Zad\]l] NYf\]7 Kd]aklgr|f akl \Yk @akr]alYdl]j( \Yk ngj -(4Haddagf]f Z]_Yff mf\ ngj -.*,,, EY‘j]f ]f\]l]( mf\ _]‘}jl Ydk ]j\_])k[‘a[‘lda[‘] @hg[‘] rme LmYjl|j $® ^‘p_cO‘bp‘%

C]ZRS‘TZpQVS\ B]Za]l( \Yk kl|f\a_ g\]j r]alo]ak] la]^]j da]_l $Z]rg_]f Ym^ \]f RYkk]j)klYf\ af ]af]e ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ ]RS‘ ® >rabS\USepaaS‘% Ydk ^~j \]ffYl~jda[‘]f <Z^dmkk ]j^gj\]jda[‘ mf\ \Y‘]j c~fklda[‘ ]flo|kk]jl o]j\]femkk

^]Zgb‘]^V c]ffr]a[‘f]l ]af ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘ Ydk k]‘j f|‘jklg^^j]a[‘ $®ApV‘ab]TT( ® G‘]^VWS( ® G‘]^VWSabcTS%

C][[S‘aQVS ;Oc^bSWa‘O\RZOUS |m{]jkl] Q]jZj]almf_k_j]fr] \]j ® :‘c\R[]‘p\S \mj[‘ \]f HYpaeYd)ngjklg{ \]k DfdYf\]ak]k o|‘j]f\ \]j ® JSWQVaSZdS‘SWac\U

128

^]bS\hWSZZ \Obr‘ZWQVS G‘]^VWS ® G‘]^VWSabcTS ]af]k ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘a( \a] ae ® O\bV‘]^]US\ mfZ])dYkl]l]f UmklYf\ k]af]f fYlmjj|meda[‘]f MYf\Z]\af_mf_]f ]flkhja[‘l

^‘p_cO‘bp‘ Ymk \]j U]al ngj \]e LmYjl|j klYee]f\7 \Yk @j\r]alYdl]j \]k LmYjl|jkZ]_Yff ngj -(4 Haddagf]f EY‘j]f mf\ \Ym]jl ‘]ml] fg[‘ Yf7 ]af <Zk[‘fall\]k LmYjl|jk akl \Yk ® CZSWab]hp\

^‘W]‘Wbp‘S‘ Fb]TT N[‘Y\klg^^( ngf \]e ]af] ]j‘]Zda[‘] B]^Y‘j ^~j ® :SepaaS‘ Ymk_]‘l7]af] Gakl] \]j hjagjlal|j]f Nlg^^] oaj\ fY[‘ Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ngf \]j@mjgh|ak[‘]f Fgeeakkagf ngj_]k[‘dY_]f mf\ nge @mjgh|ak[‘]f KYjdY)e]fl Z]k[‘dgkk]f

^‘]RchWS‘S\RSa :SeS‘PS me^Ykkl fY[‘ \]j Yelda[‘]f NlYlaklac \a] =]j]a[‘] =]j_ZYm mf\ B]oaf)fmf_ ngf Nl]af]f mf\ @j\]f( n]jYjZ]al]f\]k B]o]jZ]( @f]j_a]n]jkgj)_mf_ mf\ =Ym_]o]jZ] kgoa] _]_]Z]f]f^Yddk Ym[‘ hjg\mra]j]f\]kCYf\o]jc7 klYlaklak[‘ o]j\]f af \]j M]_]d fmj =]lja]Z] eal e]‘j Ydk roYf)ra_ =]k[‘|^la_l]f ]j‘gZ]f

C‘]TWZS\beWQYZc\U kgna]d oa] ® DcS‘^‘]TWZ

C‘]TWZbg^ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k =]klYf\l]ad \]j ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ab‘cY%bc‘7 Z]r]a[‘f]l \a] kh]ra^ak[‘] <mkhj|_mf_ \]k Lm]jk[‘fall]k ]af]k ®9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a

Cc\Yb_cSZZS _]fYm dgcYdaka]jZYj] Lm]dd] ]af]j ® ^c\YbcSZZS\ 5SZOabc\U

^c\YbcSZZS 5SZOabc\U ® 5SZOabc\U( \a] ngf ]af]j ® Cc\Yb_cSZZS Ymk_]‘l mf\ hmfcl^}jea_ Ym^]af ® :SepaaS‘ ]afoajcl

^c\YbcSZZS DcSZZS \Yk Bd]a[‘] oa] ® Cc\Yb_cSZZS

DcOZWbpbaY][^]\S\bS\ Fgehgf]fl]( \a] ]af]f Z]klaeel]f <kh]cl \]j }cgdg_ak[‘]f =]k[‘Y^^]f)‘]al ]af]k ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘a Z]k[‘j]aZ]f7 \]^afa]j]f \]f ®qY]Z]UWaQVS\ LcabO\R

DcS‘POceS‘Y =Ymo]jc( \Yk im]j rmj Ada]{ja[‘lmf_ ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a g\]j rmj<mk^dmkkja[‘lmf_ ]af]k ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘a ]jja[‘l]l akl $rme =]akha]d ®JSV‘S%7 \a]fl af \]j M]_]d \]j ® 4PTZcaa‘SUcZWS‘c\U mf\ \]j Q]j‘af\])jmf_ \]j Ng‘d]jgkagf mf\ eaf\]jl \a] ® qY]Z]UWaQVS 7c‘QVUp\UWUYSWb

DcS‘^‘]TWZ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k =]klYf\l]ad \]j ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ab‘cY%bc‘7 <mkhj|_mf_ mf\ Agje]fna]d^Ydl \]k Lm]jk[‘fall]k ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUS%epaaS‘a

ESTS‘S\hPSRW\Uc\US\ =]\af_mf_]f( \a] ae M]^]j]frrmklYf\ ‘]jjk[‘]f7 M]^]j]frrmklYf\6 akl \]jk]‘j _ml] ® LcabO\R ]af]k ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘a( \]j fmj k]‘j_]jaf_^~_a_] ® O\bV‘]^]US\S xf\]jmf_]f \]j R]jl] ^~j \a] ® DcOZW%bpbaY][^]\S\bS\ Ym^o]akl( \a] Z]a <Zo]k]f‘]al kl}j]f\]j @af^d~kk]Z]kl]‘]f o~j\]f

ESZWST B]klYdl \]j GYf\gZ]j^d|[‘]

ES[]PWZWaWS‘c\U kgna]d oa] ® ErQYZqac\U

EWQVbZW\WS /.’,.,’8J: Ma[‘ldafa] \]k MYl]k \]j @mjgh|ak[‘]f B]e]afk[‘Y^l]f Z]lj]^^]f\ \a]Q]jk[‘emlrmf_ af Agd_] \]j <Zd]almf_ Z]klaeel]j _]^|‘jda[‘]j Nlg^^] af\a] ® :SepaaS‘ \]j B]e]afk[‘Y^l $020)Ma[‘ldafa]+ ]mjgh|ak[‘]j M][‘lk)Ycl% d]_l <f^gj\]jmf_]f Yf \a] @afd]almf_ Z]klaeel]j Nlg^^] af ® 9ZWSo%USepaaS‘( ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘( ® >rabS\USepaaS‘ mf\ \Yk ® :‘c\R%eOaaS‘ ^]kl*

129

EWQVbZW\WS /0’.-1’8J: Ma[‘ldafa] \]k MYl]k \]j @mjgh|ak[‘]f B]e]afk[‘Y^l]f ~Z]j \a] LmYdal|lngf N~{oYkk]j( \Yk k[‘mlr) g\]j n]jZ]kk]jmf_kZ]\~j^la_ akl( me \Yk G])Z]f ngf Aak[‘]f rm ]j‘Ydl]f $Aak[‘_]o|kk]jja[‘ldafa]+ ]mjgh|ak[‘]jM][‘lkYcl% d]_l <f^gj\]jmf_]f Yf ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ mf\ ® FbO\RUS%epaaS‘ ^]kl( \a] Ydk ^~j \]f G]Z]fkjYme Z]klaeel]j Aak[‘Yjl]f k[‘mlr)mf\ n]jZ]kk]jmf_kZ]\~j^la_ ]af_]klm^l o]j\]f*

EWQVbZW\WS /1’,(1’8J: Ma[‘ldafa] \]k MYl]k \]j @mjgh|ak[‘]f B]e]afk[‘Y^l]f ~Z]j \a] @j‘Ydlmf_\]j oad\d]Z]f\]f Qg_]dYjl]f $Qg_]dk[‘mlrja[‘ldafa]+]mjgh|ak[‘]j M][‘lk)Ycl% d]_l HY{fY‘e]f rmj @j‘Ydlmf_ Ydd]j <jl]f ‘]aeak[‘]j oad\d]Z]f\]jQ}_]d oa] rme =]akha]d \a] @afja[‘lmf_ ngf N[‘mlr_]Za]l]f ^]kl*

EWQVbZW\WS /1’1*+’8J: Ma[‘ldafa] \]k MYl]k \]j @mjgh|ak[‘]f B]e]afk[‘Y^l]f ~Z]j \a] LmYdal|lk)Yf^gj\]jmf_]f Yf ® @caQVSZUSepaaS‘ $Hmk[‘]d_]o|kk]jja[‘lda)fa]+]mjgh|ak[‘]j M][‘lkYcl% d]_l <f^gj\]jmf_]f Yf ® >rabS\USepaaS‘g\]j Yf ® :SepaaS‘ eal ® 5‘OQYeOaaS‘ ^]kl( \a] Ydk k[‘mlr) g\]j n]jZ]k)k]jmf_kZ]\~j^la_ ]af_]klm^l o]j\]f( me Hmk[‘]df mf\ N[‘f][c]f G])Z]fk) mf\ RY[‘klmeke}_da[‘c]al]f rm Za]l]f mf\ kg rmj LmYdal|l \]jnge H]fk[‘]f mfeall]dZYj n]jr]‘jZYj]f Hmk[‘]d]jr]m_fakk] Z]armljY)_]f*

EWQVbZW\WS 1)’*/)’8J: Ma[‘ldafa] \]k MYl]k \]j @mjgh|ak[‘]f B]e]afk[‘Y^l]f ~Z]j \a] =]‘Yf\)dmf_ ngf cgeemfYd]e <ZoYkk]j $FgeemfYdYZoYkk]jja[‘lda)fa]+]mjgh|ak[‘]j M][‘lkYcl% d]_l <f^gj\]jmf_]f Yf \a] <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala)_mf_ af B]e]af\]f mf\ Yf \a] <ZoYkk]jZ]‘Yf\dmf_ af ® >Zp‘O\ZOUS\Z]klaeel]j ® 4caPOcU‘qoS ^]kl( ^]jf]j Z]klaeel ka] \a] A]kld]_mf_ ®S[^TW\RZWQVS‘ :SPWSbS*

EWQVbZW\WS 1)’./.’8J: Ma[‘ldafa] \]k MYl]k \]j @mjgh|ak[‘]f B]e]afk[‘Y^l]f rme N[‘mlr \]jB]o|kk]j ngj Q]jmfj]afa_mf_ \mj[‘ ® AWb‘Ob Ymk dYf\oajlk[‘Y^lda[‘]fLm]dd]f $IaljYlja[‘ldafa]+]mjgh|ak[‘]j M][‘lkYcl% d]_l HY{fY‘e]f _]_]fIaljYln]jmfj]afa_mf_]f oa] \a] @floa[cdmf_ ngf M]_]df \]j _ml]f ^Y[‘da)[‘]f KjYpak af \]j GYf\oajlk[‘Y^l ^]kl mf\ Z]klaeel \a] <mko]akmf_ ®USTpV‘RSbS‘ :SPWSbS*

EWQVbZW\WS 1*’,+’8J: Ma[‘ldafa] \]k MYl]k \]j @mjgh|ak[‘]f B]e]afk[‘Y^l]f rmj @j‘Ydlmf_ \]jfYl~jda[‘]f G]Z]fkj|me] kgoa] \]j oad\d]Z]f\]f Oa]j] mf\ K^dYfr]f$AdgjY)AYmfY)CYZalYl)Ma[‘ldafa]+]mjgh|ak[‘]j M][‘lkYcl% d]_l HY{fY‘e]frmj =]oY‘jmf_ mf\ Ra]\]j‘]jkl]ddmf_ ]af]k _ml]f @j‘Ydlmf_krmklYf\]kfYl~jda[‘]j G]Z]fkj|me] mf\ Z]klaeel]j oad\d]Z]f\]j K^dYfr]f mf\Oa]j] oa] rme =]akha]d \a] @afja[‘lmf_ ]af]k eal IYlmjY .,,, Z]r]a[‘f]l]fI]lr]k ngf N[‘mlr_]Za]l]f ^]kl*

EWQVbZW\WS 1.’.)’8: Ma[‘ldafa] \]k MYl]k \]j @mjgh|ak[‘]f Pfagf ~Z]j \a] afl]_ja]jl] Q]je]a)\mf_ mf\ Q]jeaf\]jmf_ \]j Peo]dln]jk[‘emlrmf_ $DQP)Ma[‘ldafa]+]mjgh|ak[‘]j M][‘lkYcl% j]_]dl HY{fY‘e]f rmj Q]jeaf\]jmf_\]k Nlg^^]afljY_]k af Gm^l( RYkk]j mf\ =g\]f*

EWQVbZW\WS *((.’/’8: Ma[‘ldafa] .,,2+3+@B \]k @mjgh|ak[‘]f KYjdYe]flk mf\ \]k MYl]k ~Z]j \a]LmYdal|l \]j =Y\]_]o|kk]j mf\ \]j]f =]oajlk[‘Y^lmf_ mf\ rmj <m^‘])Zmf_ \]j Ma[‘ldafa] 32+-2,+@R( Ye -1* A]ZjmYj .,,2 af FjY^l _]lj]l]f*

EWQVbZW\WS *((/’.(’8: Ma[‘ldafa] .,,3+2,+@B \]k @mjgh|ak[‘]f KYjdYe]flk mf\ \]k MYl]k ~Z]j\a] =]o]jlmf_ mf\ \Yk HYfY_]e]fl ngf Cg[‘oYkk]jjakac]f nge ./*JclgZ]j .,,3

EWQVbZW\WS *((0’-.’8: Ma[‘ldafa] .,,4+12+@B \]k @mjgh|ak[‘]f KYjdYe]flk mf\ \]k MYl]k rmjN[‘Y^^mf_ ]af]k Jj\fmf_kjY‘e]fk ^~j HY{fY‘e]f \]j B]e]afk[‘Y^l ae=]j]a[‘ \]j H]]j]kmeo]dl $H]]j]kkljYl]_a])MY‘e]fja[‘ldafa]%( Ye -3*Emfa .,,4 af FjY^l _]lj]l]f

EqV‘WQVbh]\S ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k =]klYf\l]ad \]j ® HTS‘ab‘cYbc‘ ngf ®FbO\RUSepaaS‘\7 P^]jrgf]( \a] Z]a fYl~jda[‘]f Q]j‘|dlfakk]f _]o}‘fda[‘eal k[‘ad^Yjla_]e =]om[‘k Z]klYf\]f akl

ErQYVOZbSROcS‘ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k Bj}{]( \a] \a] ngddkl|f\a_] RYkk]j]j)f]m]jmf_ \]k RYkk]jngdme]fk ]af]k ® >rabS\USepaaS‘Yq‘^S‘a af ]af]jU]al]af‘]al Z]k[‘j]aZl

130

ErQYZqac\U Ym[‘6 ® ES[]PWZWaWS‘c\U7 Ye g\]j ae =g\]f ]af]k ® BPS‘TZpQVS\US%epaaS‘a ^]kl_]d]_l] Nlg^^] _]dYf_]f \mj[‘ fYl~jda[‘] Kjgr]kk] oa]\]j afG}kmf_( \Yk ‘]a{l rmj~[c af \a] RYkk]jh‘Yk]( mf\ kaf\ kg _]_]Z]f]f^Yddk^~j RYkk]jgj_Yfake]f n]j^~_ZYj7 M~[cd}kmf_ ngf ® ApV‘ab]TTS\ cYffrmj ® 8cb‘]^VWS‘c\U Z]aljY_]f

ErQYabOc NlYm \]k ^da]{]f\]f RYkk]jk ngj @afe~f\mf_ af ]af _j}{]j]k ® 9ZWSoUS%epaaS‘( ]af ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘ g\]j ]af ® >rabS\USepaaS‘ $® \Obr‘%ZWQV ‘rQYUSabOcb% g\]j ngj ]af]e Caf\]jfak $® DcS‘POceS‘Y%7 ^~‘jl rmjQ]jdYf_kYemf_ \]j Ada]{_]k[‘oaf\a_c]al Zak ‘af rme NladdklYf\

Ec^SZb]\ Ogf Ymk \]e Mmh]d7 Mmh]d akl \]j IYe] ]af]j Nlm^] \]j ]j\_]k[‘a[‘lda[‘]f@hg[‘] \]k Jda_gr|fk( \Yk ngj ]loY /0 Haddagf]f EY‘j]f Z]_Yff mf\ ngj]loY ./ Haddagf]f EY‘j]f ]f\]l]7 \Yk Jda_gr|f _]‘}jl rme O]jlaYj $®bS‘bWp‘%

FOOZSdS‘SWac\U Q]j]akmf_ o|‘j]f\ \]j NYYd]]akr]al ngj ]loY -/,*,,, Zak ./,*,,, EY‘j]f

FOZW\O‘ab‘cYbc‘S\ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 NYdr_]kl]af

FO\RS‘ N[‘o]eedYf\]Z]f]f( \]j]f Pfl]j_jmf\ ‘Ymhlk|[‘da[‘ Ymk NYf\]f mf\Fa]k]f Z]kl]‘l7 ]flkl]‘]f( o]ff Z]a <Zk[‘e]dr]f \]k DfdYf\]ak]k fY[‘]af]j @akr]al N[‘e]drZ|[‘] \a] ® 8\R[]‘p\S\ \mj[‘Zj][‘]f mf\ ka[‘\Yk eal_]^~‘jl] HYl]jaYd af N[‘o]eec]_]df YZdY_]jl

aOWa]\OZS F^‘c\UaQVWQVb n]j_d]a[‘ko]ak] klYjc] mf\ hd}lrda[‘] xf\]jmf_ \]j O]eh]jYlmj g\]j \]kNYdr_]‘Ydl]k af \]j RYkk]jk|md] ]af]k ® >rabS\USepaaS‘a7 ljall ae Nge)e]j mf\ C]jZkl af \]j o]klda[‘]f Jklk]] Ym^

FOcS‘ab]TTapbbWUc\U BjY\ \]j N|lla_mf_ \]k RYkk]jk eal NYm]jklg^^ $-,, "a_] N|lla_mf_ akl Z]aIgjeYd\jm[c Ym^ H]]j]k‘}‘] mf\ ]af]j RYkk]jl]eh]jYlmj ngf .,t> Z]a]af]j NYm]jklg^^cgfr]fljYlagf ngf 4(40 e_+d ]jj]a[‘l7 \a]k]j R]jl |f\]jlka[‘ af <Z‘|f_a_c]al ngf O]eh]jYlmj mf\ ?jm[c%

FQVZcTT k]‘j ^]afc}jfa_]k ® FSRW[S\b( Fgjf_j}{] mfl]j ,(,2 ee

FQV[cbheOaaS‘ \mj[‘ e]fk[‘da[‘]f B]ZjYm[‘ n]jmfj]afa_l]k RYkk]j

FQV]‘‘SOcTa^rZc\U <m^‘}‘]f \]j N[‘gjj] eal ]af_]kh~dl]e =Y__]j_ml7 F~kl]fk[‘mlreY{)fY‘e]7 N[‘gjj] akl \]j ngj \]j P^]jdafa] da]_]f\] =]j]a[‘ \]k H]]j]kZg)\]fk( \]j fg[‘ ngf R]dd]f Z]]af^dmkkl oaj\

FQVcbhUSPWSb ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B B]Za]l( \Yk fY[‘ ]mjgh|ak[‘]f M][‘lk)ngjk[‘ja^l]f rme N[‘mlr \]j ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘ mf\ \]k ®:‘c\ReOaaS‘a g\]j rmj @j‘Ydlmf_ ngf mfeall]dZYj nge RYkk]j YZ‘|f_a)_]f G]Z]fkj|me]f mf\ <jl]f Ymk_]oa]k]f akl( kgoa] B]Za]l rme N[‘mlr\]j OjafcoYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_

FSRW[S\b n]joall]jl]k B]kl]af( \Yk ngf RYkk]j g\]j Raf\ ljYfkhgjla]jl omj\] mf\ka[‘ Z]a IY[‘dYkk]f \]j OjYfkhgjlcjY^l oa]\]j YZ_]dY_]jl ‘Yl7 Ye Bjmf\ngf ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘\ Ym[‘ n]jeak[‘l eal zZ]jj]kl]f ngf YZ_])kmfc]f]f g\]j YZ_]klgjZ]f]f Jj_Yfake]f $rme =]akha]d N[‘Yd]f \]jFa]k]dYd_]f( FYdc) mf\ Fa]k]dk[‘mhh]f ngf ]afr]dda_]f <d_]f%

FSZPab‘SW\WUc\UadS‘[qUS\ A|‘a_c]al ]af]k ® :SepaaS‘a( RYkk]jaf‘Ydlkklg^^] \mj[‘ Zagdg_ak[‘]([‘]eak[‘] g\]j h‘qkacYdak[‘] Qgj_|f_] YZrmk[‘]a\]f g\]j kg rm n]j|f)\]jf( \Ykk a‘j] fY[‘l]ada_] @afoajcmf_ Ym^ \a] =]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al \]k ® :S%epaaS‘a n]jeaf\]jl oaj\

FWQVbbWSTS HY{ ^~j \a] ?mj[‘ka[‘la_c]al \]k RYkk]jk af ]af]e ® :SepaaS‘

FWZWYOb [‘]eak[‘] Q]jZaf\mf_ Ymk Nadarame mf\ NYm]jklg^^

aWZWYObWaQV ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 \mj[‘ ® FWZWYOb _]hj|_l

131

F]VZOPabc‘h oYf\Yjla_]k =Ymo]jc Yf \]j Ng‘d] ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a7 eal a‘e oaj\]af C}‘]fmfl]jk[‘a]\ af \]j Ng‘d] ~Z]jomf\]f7 \a] <ZklmjroYf\ akldglj][‘l g\]j kl]ad _]f]a_l

F]VZUZSWbS jYeh]fYjla_]k =Ymo]jc Yf \]j Ng‘d] ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a $_]_]Z])f]f^Yddk ae <mkdYm^ ]af]k ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘a%7 eal a‘e oaj\ ]af C}‘]fmf)l]jk[‘a]\ af \]j Ng‘d] ~Z]jomf\]f7 \a] JZ]j^d|[‘] akl eal Nl]afdY_]f jYm‘_]klYdl]l mf\ eal ]af]e B]^|dd] roak[‘]f - 6 -, mf\ - 6 /, _]f]a_l

F]VZ‘O[^S jYeh]fYjla_]k =Ymo]jc Yf \]j Ng‘d] ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a $_]_]Z])f]f^Yddk ae <mkdYm^ ]af]k ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘a%7 eal a‘e oaj\ ]af C}‘]fmf)l]jk[‘a]\ af \]j Ng‘d] ~Z]jomf\]f7 \a] JZ]j^d|[‘] akl eal Nl]afdY_]f jYm‘_]klYdl]l mf\ eal ]af]e B]^|dd] roak[‘]f - 6 / mf\ - 6 -, _]f]a_l

F]VZaQVeSZZS k[‘o]dd]fYjla_]k =Ymo]jc Yf \]j Ng‘d] ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a7 kgddNg‘d]jgkagf n]j‘af\]jf7 \a] JZ]jcYfl] \]j N[‘o]dd] k[‘da]{l ae B]_]fkYlrrmj ® :‘c\RaQVeSZZS Z~f\a_ eal \]j B]o|kk]jkg‘d] YZ

F]VZab‘cYbc‘ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k <mkhj|_mf_ mf\ Q]j|f\]jda[‘c]al \]jNg‘d] ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a

F^SWQVS‘ ® GOZa^S‘‘S\ o]j\]f Ydk Nh]a[‘]j Z]r]a[‘f]l( o]ff ka] ]af] NlYm‘}‘]ngf o]fa_]j Ydk 1 e mf\ ]af]f Nh]a[‘]jaf‘Ydl ngf o]fa_]j Ydk -,,*,,, evYm^o]ak]f*

a^ShWTWaQVS \WQVbag\bVSbWaQVS FQVORab]TTS fYl~jda[‘]jo]ak] ngjcgee]f\] ® ^‘W]‘Wbp‘S Fb]TTS mf\ ]Z]f^Yddk fYl~j)da[‘]jo]ak] ngjcgee]f\] ® TZcaaUSPWSbaa^ShWTWaQVS FQVORab]TTS

a^ShWTWaQVS ag\bVSbWaQVS FQVORab]TTS nge H]fk[‘]f ‘]j_]kl]ddl] ® ^‘W]‘Wbp‘S Fb]TTS mf\ ]Z]f^Yddk nge H]f)k[‘]f ‘]j_]kl]ddl] ® TZcaaUSPWSbaa^ShWTWaQVS FQVORab]TTS

F^c\ReO\R _]jYeel]k P^]joYf\ Ymk NlY‘d rmj =]^]kla_mf_ ]af]k k]fcj][‘l]f g\]jfY‘]rm k]fcj][‘l]f P^]jk

FbO\RUSepaaS‘ ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ]af Yf \]j A]kldYf\gZ]j^d|[‘] kl]‘]f)\]k ® :SepaaS‘

FbO\RUSepaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ ]af]k ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘a

FbO\RUSepaaS‘bg^ ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘bg^ ]af] ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘Yq‘^S‘a

FbO\R]‘bbg^WSW\RSf af H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf ]floa[c]dl]k mf\ Yf_]oYf\l]k ® bg^a^S%hWTWaQVSa ® <\RSfagabS[ rmj }cgdg_ak[‘]f =]o]jlmf_ \]j ® 9ZWSoUS%epaaS‘

FbOcQVc\UaUSPWSb B]Za]l( af \]e af \]j @akr]al ]af ngjj~[c]f\]j Bd]lk[‘]j ae Umf_]fZ]j]a[‘HYl]jaYd Yf ]af]j Z]j]alk ngj‘Yf\]f]f ® 8\R[]‘p\S klYm[‘l]( \YZ]aomj\] \Yk HYl]jaYd ae Dff]j]f \]k Bd]lk[‘]jk n]j^Ydl]l

FbOceOaaS‘ r]alo]ada_ ae =g\]f Ym^lj]l]f\]k RYkk]j( \Yk ka[‘ ~Z]j ]af]j o]al_]‘]f\mf\mj[‘d|kka_]f ® 7SQYaQVWQVb klYml

FbWQYab]TTa^S\RS eal \]e ® 4PTZcaa ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a af ]af]j Z]klaeel]f U]al)]af‘]al YZ_]^~‘jl] Nla[cklg^^^jY[‘l( Z]rg_]f Ym^ \a] Ad|[‘] \]k ® 8W\%hcUaUSPWSbSa( Ymk \]e \]j ® 4PTZcaa klYeel

Fb‘O\ROcTa^rZc\U <m^‘}‘]f \]k NljYf\]k ]af]k ® >rabS\USepaaS‘a eal ]af_]kh~dl]e=Y__]j_ml7 F~kl]fk[‘mlreY{fY‘e]

Fb‘q[c\UaRg\O[WY ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k \a] <jl mf\ R]ak]( oa] ka[‘ Nlj}emf_]faf ]af]e ® :SepaaS‘ YmkZad\]f

Fb‘cYbc‘UrbS \Yk Bd]a[‘] oa] ® :SepaaS‘ab‘cYbc‘UrbS

acPUZOhWOZ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 Ye Bd]lk[‘]jZg\]f

132

FcPab‘Ob HYl]jaYd g\]j Pfl]j_jmf\( Ym^ \]e Jj_Yfake]f ka]\]df( rme =]akha]dNYf\( Nl]af]( K^dYfr]f( Ogl‘gdr7 ]k oaj\ g^l roak[‘]f CYjl) mf\ R]a[‘kmZ)kljYl mfl]jk[‘a]\]f

GOZOcS \]j ka[‘ Yf ]af ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ Yfk[‘da]{]f\] la]^kl] O]ad ]af]k OYd]k

GOZa^S‘‘S NlYmYfdY_]( \a] fa[‘l fmj \]f Lm]jk[‘fall ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a( kgf)\]jf \]f _Yfr]f OYdim]jk[‘fall YZkh]jjl7 Z]kl]‘l eaf\]kl]fk Ymk ]af]e<Zkh]jjZYmo]jc( ]af]e NlYm\Yee g\]j ]af]j NlYmeYm]j( mf\ \]e Nh]a)[‘]jZ][c]f( af \]e ka[‘ \Yk _]klYml] RYkk]j kYee]dl

GSWZSW\hcUaUSPWSb ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B ]af B]Za]l Ymk \]e \]j _]kYel] <Z)^dmkk Yf ]af]e Z]klaeel]f Kmfcl af ]af]f RYkk]jdYm^ _]dYf_l7 a\]flak[‘eal \]e( oYk ae ® VgR‘]Z]UWaQVS\ NhjY[‘_]ZjYm[‘ ® 8W\hcUaUSPWSb‘]a{l

bS‘bWp‘ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 Ymk \]e ® GS‘bWp‘ klYee]f\

bS‘bWp‘S‘ :‘c\ReOaaS‘ZSWbS‘ Bjmf\oYkk]jd]al]j af B]kl]af( \Yk ae O]jla|j ]flklYf\7 O]jla|j akl ]af @j\)r]alYdl]j( \Yk ngj 21 Haddagf]f EY‘j]f Z]_Yff mf\ ngj -(4 Haddagf]f EY‘j]f]f\]l]

bVS‘[WaQVS FQVWQVbc\U ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k n]jlacYd] N[‘a[‘lmf_ \]j RYkk]jk|md]]af]k ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘a Ym^ Bjmf\ ngf l]eh]jYlmjZ]\af_l]f ?a[‘l]mf)l]jk[‘a]\]f

GWSTS\eOaaS‘ k]‘j la]^]k ® :‘c\ReOaaS‘7 o]_]f ® FOZW\O‘ab‘cYbc‘S\ \]k y^l]j]fkYdr‘Ydla_

G]bSWaZ]QV g^l ^Ykl cj]akjmf\] B]d|f\]n]jla]^mf_7 ]flklYf\]f Z]ae M~[crm_ \]kDfdYf\]ak]k rme @f\] \]j @akr]al( af\]e ]af @akZdg[c rmj~[cZda]Z( ngfB]k[‘a]Z] ~Z]j\][cl omj\] mf\ d|f_]j] U]al Ydk Ogl]ak ~Z]j\Ym]jl]7 Ydk\Yk @ak k[‘da]{da[‘ k[‘egdr( ‘afl]jda]{ ]k ae B]k[‘a]Z] \a] B]d|f\]jn]jla])^mf_

G‘S\\S\bepaaS‘c\U _]lj]ffl]k <Zd]al]f ngf ® FQV[cbheOaaS‘ mf\ ® AWSRS‘aQVZOUaeOa%aS‘ af n]jk[‘a]\]f]f <ZoYkk]jcYf|d]f $_]_]Z]f]f^Yddk Ym[‘ Q]jra[‘l Ym^\a] <Zd]almf_ ngf Ia]\]jk[‘dY_koYkk]j Z]a Ia]\]jk[‘dY_koYkk]jn]jka[c])jmf_%

G‘W\YeOaaS‘aQVcbhUSPWSb fY[‘ \]e B]k]lr rmj Jj\fmf_ \]k RYkk]j‘Ymk‘Ydlk $RYkk]j‘Ymk‘Ydlk_])k]lr+=mf\]k_]k]lr% mf\ \]e RYkk]j_]k]lr \]k GYf\]k H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf $GYf\]koYkk]j_]k]lr+GYf\]k_]k]lr% ^]kl_]k]lrl]k B]Za]l(\Yk ® :SepaaS‘ ae Dfl]j]kk] \]j }^^]flda[‘]f RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_ ngjfY[‘l]ada_]f @afoajcmf_]f k[‘~lr]f kgdd

G‘]^VWS Dfl]fkal|l \]j K^dYfr]fhjg\mclagf $Kjae|jhjg\mclagf% af ]af]e ® BPS‘%TZpQVS\USepaaS‘

G‘]^VWSabcTS BjY\ \]j Dfl]fkal|l \]j K^dYfr]fhjg\mclagf $® G‘]^VWS%7 ngf _]jaf_ fY[‘‘g[‘ oaj\ mfl]jk[‘a]\]f roak[‘]f ® ]ZWU]b‘]^V( ® [Sa]b‘]^V( ®Scb‘]^V( ® ^]Zgb‘]^V( ‘qh]jljgh‘

Gg^WaWS‘c\U Qgj_Yf_ \]j Oqhrmo]akmf_7 ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 Umgj\fmf_]af]k ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘a rm ]af]e ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepa%aS‘bg^

Gg^]Z]UWS ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 Nqkl]e ngf ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘%bg^S\

bg^a^ShWTWaQV ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 Ym^ \]f ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘bg^Z]rg_]f

nPS‘UO\UaUSepaaS‘ ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ Yf H~f\mf_]f ngf® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘\ af ® >rabS\USepaaS‘7 o]ak]f Ym^ Bjmf\ \]j I|‘] rm® >rabS\USepaaS‘\ ]af]f _]oakk]f NYdr_]‘Ydl Ym^( o]j\]f YZ]j aeR]k]flda[‘]f ngf N~{oYkk]jklj}emf_]f Z]]af^dmkkl

133

HTS‘OcaPWZRc\U ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k =]klYf\l]ad \]j ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ab‘cY%bc‘7 kgna]d oa] ® HTS‘ab‘cYbc‘

HTS‘Zp\UaUZWSRS‘c\U ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k =]klYf\l]ad \]j ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ab‘cY%bc‘7 HY{ ^~j \a] Qa]d^|dla_c]al \]j P^]j^gje

HTS‘ab‘SWTS\ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k =]klYf\l]ad \]j ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ab‘cY%bc‘7 ka[‘ mfeall]dZYj Yf \]j P^]jZ}k[‘mf_ Yfk[‘da]{]f\]j B]d|f\]klj]a)^]f ]fldYf_ ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a

HTS‘ab‘cYbc‘ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k =]klYf\l]ad \]j ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ab‘cY%bc‘7 B]klYdl mf\ Q]j|f\]jda[‘c]al \]j P^]jZ}k[‘mf_]f ]af]k ® 9ZWSoUS%epaaS‘a3 Yf Yf\]j]j Nl]dd] B]klYdl mf\ Q]j|f\]jda[‘c]al \]j P^]j ]af]k ®FbO\RUSepaaS‘a

c\PSRSQYbS‘ :‘c\ReOaaS‘ZSWbS‘ Bjmf\oYkk]jd]al]j( \]j ~Z]j c]af] ® 7SQYaQVWQVb n]j^~_l g\]j \]kk]f?][ck[‘a[‘l k]‘j \mj[‘d|kka_ akl

H‘ab‘][bOZ Zj]al] OYdfa]\]jmf_( \a] o|‘j]f\ \]j @akr]al]f Ye MYf\] \]k DfdYf\]ak]k_]Zad\]l omj\] mf\ \mj[‘ \Yk ]akjYf\hYjYdd]d] <Z^da]{]f \]k N[‘e]dr)oYkk]jk ]flklYf\

dOZWRWS‘S\ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 \a] B~dla_c]al Z]kl|la_]f

dS‘WTWhWS‘S\ ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k6 \]f IY[‘o]ak ^~‘j]f

IS‘‘]V‘c\U Mg‘jd]almf_( af \]j ]af ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ mfl]j ^d|[‘]f‘Y^l]f CDf\]jfak)k]f \mj[‘_]d]al]l oaj\

IS‘eSWZhSWb ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k l‘]gj]lak[‘] <m^]fl‘Ydlkr]al \]k RYk)k]jk af ]af]e ngf ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘\ \mj[‘^dgkk]f]f ® FbO\RUSepaaS‘

JOaaS‘RO‘USP]b Z]r]a[‘f]l \a] ^~j ]af] Z]klaeel] U]al Ymk \]e fYl~jda[‘]f RYkk]jcj]ak)dYm^ rmj Q]j^~_mf_ kl]‘]f\] fmlrZYj] H]f_] Yf N~{oYkk]j

JOaaS‘S\b\OV[SS\bUSZb fY[‘ \]e RYkk]j_]k]lr \]k GYf\]k H][cd]fZmj_)Qgjhgee]jf $GYf\]k)oYkk]j_]k]lr+GYf\]k_]k]lr% rm ]flja[‘l]f\]k @fl_]dl ^~j \Yk @flf]‘e]fmf\ <Zd]al]f ngf RYkk]j Ymk ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘\ mf\ ® FbO\RUSepa%aS‘\ kgoa] \Yk @flf]‘e]f( UmlY_]^}j\]jf( UmlY_]d]al]f mf\ <Zd]al]f ngf® :‘c\ReOaaS‘

JOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ b] fY[‘ UmkYee]f‘Yf_ ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘ g\]j ® :‘c\R%eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘

JOaaS‘\cbhc\U ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f kgoa] b]\]e]fk[‘da[‘] O|la_c]al( \a] ka_fa^acYfl] ® 4caeW‘Yc\US\ Ym^ \a] RYkk]j)Z]k[‘Y^^]f‘]al ‘Yl7 RYkk]j\a]fkld]aklmf_]f kaf\ ® 7WS\abZSWabc\US\ oa]\a] <ZoYkk]jZ]k]ala_mf_ g\]j \a] RYkk]jn]jkgj_mf_

eOaaS‘‘SQVbZWQVS 8‘ZOcP\Wa fY[‘ \]e B]k]lr rmj Jj\fmf_ \]k RYkk]j‘Ymk‘Ydlk $RYkk]j‘Ymk‘Ydlk_])k]lr+=mf\]k_]k]lr% ngf ]af]j RYkk]jZ]‘}j\] _]o|‘jl] oa\]jjm^da[‘]=]^m_fak( ]af ® :SepaaS‘ rm ]af]e Z]klaeel]f Uo][c rm Z]fmlr]f( rme=]akha]d RYkk]j rm ]flf]‘e]f( Nlg^^] ]afrmd]al]f g\]j RYkk]j rm klYm]f

JOaaS‘aQVSWRS Bj]fr] roak[‘]f ® 8W\hcUaUSPWSbS\

JOaaS‘a^WSUSZUSTpZZS Q]j‘|dlfak \]k C}‘]fmfl]jk[‘a]\]k ro]a]j Kmfcl] \]k RYkk]jkha]_]dk rmjG|f_] \]k ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘a roak[‘]f \]f Kmfcl]f

JOaaS‘rPS‘ZSWbc\U ae UmkYee]f‘Yf_ \]k =]ja[‘l]k RYkk]jYZd]almf_ ngf ]af]e ® 8W\%hcUaUSPWSb ~Z]j ]af] ® JOaaS‘aQVSWRS af ]af Z]fY[‘ZYjl]k ® 8W\hcUa%USPWSb

JSV‘ =Ymo]jc af ]af]e ® 9ZWSoUSepaaS‘ g\]j ae <mk^dmkk ]af]k ® FbO\RUS%epaaS‘a( \Yk \]j C]Zmf_ \]k RYkk]jklYf\]k mf\ \]j ® 4PTZcaa‘SUcZWS%‘c\U \a]fl

134

JSWQVaSZdS‘SWac\U Q]j]akmf_ o|‘j]f\ \]j b~f_kl]f rmj~[cda]_]f\]f @akr]al( \]j R]a[‘k]d]ak)r]al ngj ]loY -,*,,, Zak --1*,,, EY‘j]f

JSZZS\Sf^]aWbW]\ ealld]j]j b|‘jda[‘]j @afljY_ Yf N]]_Yf_k]f]j_a] Yf ]af]e Z]klaeel]f<Zk[‘fall ]af]k ® >rabS\USepaaS‘a

Lq\]aS\ G]Z]fk_]e]afk[‘Y^l]f

Lc\US\PSQYS\ emd\]fYjla_] B]d|f\]^gje( \a] \Yk DfdYf\]ak Z]ae M~[crm_ ]af]j Bd]l)k[‘]jrmf_] ‘afl]jd|kkl

LcabO\R ae Naff] \]j Ma[‘ldafa] .,,,+2,+@B Ydd_]e]af] =]r]a[‘fmf_ \]j =]k[‘Y^)^]f‘]al ]af]k ® BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘a7 ]j_aZl ka[‘ af \]j =]o]jlmf_fY[‘ \]e ® CSaaW[Wa[ca^‘W\hW^ Ymk \]e b]o]adk k[‘d][‘l]j]f R]jl \]k® qY]Z]UWaQVS\ LcabO\RSa g\]j \]k ® QVS[WaQVS\ LcabO\RSa \]k ®BPS‘TZpQVS\eOaaS‘Yq‘^S‘a

LeWaQVS\OPTZcaa \]j O]ad \]k Ia]\]jk[‘dY_]k( \]j af \]f =g\]f ]af\jaf_l( b]\g[‘ fa[‘l \]e® :‘c\ReOaaS‘ rmka[c]jl( kgf\]jf roak[‘]f @j\gZ]j^d|[‘] mf\ Bjmf\)oYkk]jkha]_]d ]af]e ® BPS‘TZpQVS\USepaaS‘ rmklj}el