New Developments in Biogas Upgrading (in...

New Developments in Biogas Upgrading (in Austria)


DI Dr. Michael HARASEK, DI Aleksander MAKARUK

Technische Universität WienInstitut für Verfahrenstechnik, Umwelttechnik und Technische Biowissenschaften

[email protected]@tuwien.ac.at

http://www.thvt.at

NEW:http://www.virtuellesbiogas.at

http://bio.methan.at


Agenda

• Quality requirements of gas substitutes(biomethane) in Austria

• Biogas upgrading and grid injection– Projects in Austria– Projekt „Virtuelles Biogas“ Bruck/Leitha

• Bio-CNG fuel stations in Austria– Methapur fuel station Margarethen/Moos

• Economics• Summary & Outlook


Typical Biogas Composition compared to Austrian Natural Gas Grid Standards

• OEVGW G31 defines natural gas, OEVGW G33 specifies grid injection standards for biogeneous gases

mol%≤ 0.5< 2Oxygen (O2)

mol%≤ 5< 8Nitrogen (N2)

UnitQuality according to Austrian Standard OEVGW G31 / G33

BiogasParameter

mol%unspecified ( > 97.0)45 - 70Methane (CH4)

mol%≤ 2.030 - 45Carbon dioxide (CO2)

mg/m³(STP)Technically free< 1,000Ammonia (NH3)

mg/m³(STP)≤ 5< 2,000Hydrogen sulphide (H2S)

°C≤ - 8 @ 40bar< 37 @ 1barWater (H2O) - Dewpoint

kWh/m³(STP)13.3 – 15.76.9 – 9.5Wobbe-Index

kWh/m³(STP)10.7 – 12.86.7 – 8.4Upper Heating Value


Natural gas consumption in Austria

[E-Control, AGGM (2007)]Delivery to end users (exclusive of own consumption and errors of measurement)


Biogas upgrading and grid injection in Austria

• In Operation– Pucking (Upper Austria), PSA, 6 m³/h (since 2005)– Bruck/Leitha (Lower Austria), Membranw, 100 m³/h

(since2007)– Eugendorf (Salzburg), PSA, 40 m³/h (since 2008)

• Planned or Start-up Phase– Waste water treatment plant Asten/St.Florian (Upper

Austria), water scrubber(?)– Leoben (Styria), amine scrubber– Zell am See (Salzburg) PSA, water scrubber or

membrane (?)• In discussion

– Wiener Neustadt (Lower Austria)– …

Source:AGGMDate

31.08.2009


Biogas Upgrading usingPressure Swing Adsorption

(Source: erdgas OÖ)

Pucking


Project PuckingPressure Swing Adsorption (PSA)

(Photos: M.Harasek)


Biogas upgrading plant Bruck/Leitha

• 2-stage gas permeation plant producing 100m³(STP)/h corresponding to about 180m³(STP)/h raw biogas

• 100% compatible natural gas substitute according to Austrian laws ÖVGW G31 and G33

• Supply to local gas grid (3bar) and transported to city• During summer additionally high-pressure

compression (60bar) and supply to regional gas grid (up to 50m³/h)

• Optimized process integration into the existing biogas plant resulting in zero-emission-operation for methane

• Highly compact: whole plant fits into 30’-container• Opening mid 2007, normal operation since 01/2008


Biogas Upgrading – A Separation Problem

Ammonia (NH3)

Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Water vapour (H2O)

Bio-Methane (CH4)Bio

gas


Separation principle of gas permeation (GP)

Biogas Methane

CO2-rich Permeate

CO2CH4 H2O H2S NH3 O2N2

Membrane(Polyimide)

Δpi


Process Concept

Membrane Module (2-stage Arrangement)

Two Stage Compressor


Process Integration

• Biogas upgrading with prior biological desulphurisation• Permeate goes back to CHP


Container – Assembling at Axiom Angewandte Prozesstechnik GmbH


Construction Work in Bruck/Leitha


Construction Work in Bruck/Leitha

High PressureCompressor

ProcessControl


Opening Celebration an June 25, 2007


Long term feed-in performance of GP unit (I)

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

21.01.2009 28.01.2009 04.02.2009 11.02.2009 18.02.2009 25.02.2009 04.03.2009 11.03.2009 18.03.2009 25.03.2009

CO

2- c

onte

nt a

nd O

2-co

nten

t [vo

l%]

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

H2S

-con

tent

[mg/

mST

P³] a

nd H

2O-c

onte

nt [p

pmv]

CO2-contentO2-contentH2S-contentH2O-content


Long term feed-in performance of GP unit (II)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

21.01.2009 28.01.2009 04.02.2009 11.02.2009 18.02.2009 25.02.2009 04.03.2009 11.03.2009 18.03.2009 25.03.2009

Volu

me

flow

pro

duct

gas

[mST

P³/h

]

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Roo

m te

mpe

ratu

re [°

C]

Volume flow

Room temperature


Upgrading plant Bruck/Leitha –compressor power consumption

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

64 64,5 65 65,5 66 66,5 67 67,5 68 68,5 69

volume fraction of CH4 in raw biogas [%]

elec

tric

al p

ower

[kW

]

65 m³(STP)/h biomethane 80 m³(STP)/h biomethane100 m³(STP)/h biomethane

-0,5 kW/%CH4


Energy consumption analysis• Main energy consumer of upgrading is the raw biogas

compressor.• Energy demand for constant product gas quality and quantity

depends also on raw biogas methane content.• Effect of plant layout (number of stages) on energy consumption:

– Two stage gas grid injection plant: 0,378 kWh/m³STP of product gas– Single stage Bio-CNG-plant: 0,280 kWh/m³STP of product gas

• Related to the methane content of the produced biomethane gas stream:– Two stage gas grid injection plant: 3,2% (98,1vol% CH4)– Single stage Bio-CNG-plant: 2,8% (96,1vol% CH4)

• All values are valid for a product gas delivery pressure of about 3 bar(g).


Possibilities of CO2 selective membranesfor the separation of CH4/CO2

Relation between CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity of TR polymers (PI derived polymers with intrinsic cavities)

From [H. B. Park et al., Science 318, 254 -258 (2007)] Reprinted with permission of AAAS


Improvements using more selectivemembranes

• Single stage countercurrent-flow membrane model• 60% CH4 in feed; 97% CH4 in product (retentate)

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

membrane selectivity [-]

rela

tive

mem

bran

e ar

ea, r

ecov

ery,

en

ergy

con

sum

ptio

n

relative membrane arearelative recoveryrelative energy consumption

base case - single membrane modulepressure ratio = 8


First Austrian biomethane fueling stationin Operation…

• Further Information: http://www.methapur.com„Biomethantankstelle Margarethen/Moos“

35 m³/h biomethane


Process Design – Margarethen am Moos

• Concept includes in-situ desulphurization / single stage gas permeation• Permeate fed back to CHP plant – Zero methane emission of biogas

upgrading system


Methapur concept: supply of max. 100 vehicles with biomethane

• Capacity up to 500 kg/d biomethane

• Operation of the firstbiogas driven tractor in Austria


Costs for CO2 Separation

• New calculations by Fraunhofer Institut UMSICHT (2008)

Spezific costsfor CO2 separation

Economy of Scale

Excellent chancesfor membranes


Biogas-upgrading in Leoben

• Project of Energie Steiermark Gas & Wärme

• Low pressure aminescrubbing system(delivery pressure100 mbar)

• Full capacity of approx. 130-160 m³/h biomethane

• Start-up in 2009 (?)

[Machan (2009)]


Economics of biomethane production in Austria

• To date no innovation bonus• To date no central combined heat and power

production with renewables feed-in tariffs• Full competition with gas market (0,30 – 0,35 €/m³)• New law (Ökostromgesetz Novelle 2008) could lead

to better legal and economic situation – yet no newfeed-in tariffs

• Sale as Bio-CNG still better revenues• Methapur concept for the self supply of car fleets


Summary & Conclusions

• Technology demonstration successful– Bruck/Leitha– Margarethen/Moos– Eugendorf– Pucking

• > 180.000 m³ fed into grid within first fewoperation months in Bruck/Leitha

• Quality requirements easily met• Zero methane emission of upgrading system• Technology multiplication planned


Acknowledgements

Visit us @: http://bio.methan.at

New Developments in Biogas Upgrading (in...

Documents

Transcript of New Developments in Biogas Upgrading (in...