Nur & Bashar

7/23/2019 Nur & Bashar

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UR & BASHAR

Extracted from various books of: mam Ahl al-Sunnah ‘Allamah Sarfaraz ha! Safdar

"#a$ Allah have merc$ o! him%

om'iled b$:

(a$$az Ahmad ha! Sa)ati

*ra!slated from Urdu i!to E!+lish b$:#uhammadullah halili ,asmi- .eoba!d



*able of o!te!t

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/RE(AE

/raise belo!+s to Allah a!d the e!d is i! favour of the 0od1feari!+2 #a$ blessi!+ a!d'eace be u'o! the (i!al /ro'het #uhammad- u'o! all his (amil$- om'a!io!s

"Sahabah% )ives a!d follo)ers3

Allah #ost Hi+h- )ith His 'erfect 'o)er- created u!cou!table creatures i!cludi!+the 4i!!- a!+els a!d huma! bei!+2 But- the ho!our a!d status He +ave to huma!bei!+ did !ot +ra!t to a!$ of His creatures2 He created the 4i!! )ith fire- made thea!+els of li+ht a!d created ma! from cla$2 Allah- the 5ord of the u!iverse- states i!the ,ur6a!:

7he! $our 5ord said to the a!+els- 8 am +oi!+ to create ma! from cla$2"9:;<%

=#a!= here refers to Sa$$idu!a Adam "ma$ 'eace be u'o! him%2 At a!other 'lace-Allah #ost Hi+h sa$s:

Recall )he! $our 5ord said to the a!+els- 8 am +oi!+ to create a huma! bei!+from a ri!+i!+ cla$ made of deca$ed mud2 "<>:?%

*hese t)o verses clearl$ me!tio! that Allah #ost Hi+h created ma! i2e2 Sa$$idu!aAdam "ma$ 'eace be u'o! him% from cla$- but he re+arded ma! su'erior to the 4i!!a!d the a!+els as !umerous ,ur6a!ic verses a!d hadiths 'rove the same2 Avoidi!+ tove!ture i! detail here- )e )a!t to @uote o!e or t)o verses a!d hadiths to establish

the earthe! creature- i2e2 huma! bei!+ is su'erior to the creature made of li+ht a!dfire- i2e2 a!+els a!d 4i!!2 So- Allah #ost Hi+h states:

7e have created ma! i! the best com'ositio!2 ">:%

*his verse establishes that ever$ huma! bei!+ from Adam "ma$ 'eace be u'o! him%to the last ma! u!til Qiyamah ".oomsda$% share this favour 'rovided the$ are#uslims- other)ise the ,ur6a! itself sa$s:

*he$ are like cattle- rather the$ are much more astra$2 ";:<;%

Allah #ost Hi+h sa$s at a!other 'lace:

A!d 7e besto)ed di+!it$ o! the childre! of Adam2 "<;:;C%

*his verse also refers to the su'eriorit$ of ma!ki!d2 *he hadiths also clearl$me!tio!ed that ma!ki!d is su'erior to all creature- as this hadith of *irmidhi sa$s:DAbu 7ada=ah re'orts that Al1=Abbas came to the #esse!+er of Allah "Allah blesshim a!d +ive him 'eace% as if he heard a!$ !e)s- so the /ro'het "Allah bless hima!d +ive him 'eace% stood at minbar "'ul'it% a!d said: )ho am 8 *he om'a!io!sre'lied: $ou are the #esse!+er of Allah- blessi!+ of Allah be u'o! $ou2 *he! he said:8 am #uhammad bi! =Abdullah bi! ‘Abd al1#uttalib- Allah created the creatures a!d

'laced me i! the best of the creatures- the! He divided them i!to t)o 'arts a!d 'utme i! the best of them2 *he!- He divided them i! cla!s a!d made me i! the best of

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the cla!s- a!d the! He divided them i! houses a!d made me i! the best of housesa!d made me the best 'erso!2 "Tirmidhi- ?:?C<- Ami! om'a!$- .elhi%

*his makes it am'l$ clear that ma!ki!d is su'erior to all creatures2 *ill this 'oi!t-)e discussed )hich creature out of the 4i!!- a!+els a!d huma! bei!+ is su'erior-

a!d )e have 'roved from the ,ur6a! a!d Hadith that huma! bei!+ made of cla$ isbetter tha! the 4i!! a!d a!+els made of fire a!d li+ht res'ectivel$2 No)- )e )ouldlike to state that the 'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% are the best of all huma!bei!+s2 No 4i!! or a!+el )as eve! se!t do)! as 'ro'het- as Allah #ost Hi+h states:

Sa$- had there bee! a!+els "livi!+% o! the earth- )alki!+ about i! 'eace- 7e)ould have certai!l$ se!t do)! a! a!+el from the heave!s as a messe!+er2"<;:>%

*he verse su++ests that the a!+els )ere !ot se!t as messe!+ers a!d 'ro'hets- ratherhuma! bei!+s )ere se!t as 'ro'hets a!d messe!+ers i! order to +et the ma!ki!d o!+uida!ce a!d ri+ht 'ath2 All the 'ro'hets a!d messe!+ers from Sa$$idu!a Adam"ma$ 'eace be u'o! him% to Sa$$idu!a #uhammad "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace%- a''eared i! huma! form- es'eciall$ our /ro'het as )e have alread$ @uotedthe hadith of Tirmidhi2 Accordi!+ to the teachi!+s of the ,ur6a!- Hadith-om'a!io!s- 'ious Salaf, mufassiri!- muhaddithi! a!d the four 8mams- )e Ahl al1Su!!ah )a ‘l1Fama6ah believe that all the 'ro'hets )ere huma! bei!+ a!dSa$$idu!a #uhammad "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is also a huma! bei!+2At the same time- )e believe that he is 'eerless bashar "huma! bei!+%- )e !eitherde!$ his bei!+ huma! !or his bei!+ nur "li+ht%2 7e believe i! him as huma! bei!+ as)ell as nur - but b$ nur )e mea! the nur of +uida!ce2 *his is our belief- as m$

res'ected u!cle a!d teacher- 8mam of Ahl al-Sunnah, Muhaddith A’zam of /akista! ,Researcher of his time , Imam of asma’ al-rijal, Shaykh al-Qur’an and Hadith, Mawlana'Allamah #uhammad Sarfaraz Safdar ha! )rites i! his book e!titled Tanqid Matin 'a+es a!d >:

G8t is our belief a!d research that the leader of all messe!+ers a!d Seal of the'ro'hets- Sa$$idu!a #uhammad "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is bashar as)ell as nur as 'er his +e!us a!d 'erso! he is bashar, but as 'er his attribute a!d+uida!ce he is nur .ue to him- the dark )orld ex'erie!ced li+ht- the dark!ess ofkufr a!d shirk )as dis'ersed a!d the surface of earth )as lit )ith the ra$s of iman a!d tawhid2 *hose )ho )ere )a!deri!+ i! the dark!ess of car!al desires a!d lusts

a!d )ere falli!+ i! the dee' 'its of dis'utes a!d co!te!tio!s- started marchi!+ahead o! the bri+ht hi+h)a$ of 'eace a!d +uida!ce2 No!e of the #uslims ca! de!$this realit$2 But- if he is co!sidered nur i! a se!se that I Allah forbid I he is de!iedabsolutel$ to be bashar a!d huma! bei!+- the! )e )ill o''ose it tooth a!d !ail as itis a+ai!st the nusus "sources of 8slam%2

*his is our belief a!d sta!d'oi!t- a!d i! this book )e have discussed this matter i!the li+ht of ours beliefs2 J! the co!trar$- the Barelvis hold other belief )hich )as'ublished o! the first 'a+e of their mo!thl$ ma+azi!e ‘Hanafi’ 5ahore- "issue of A'ril<K% )ith the title of G!ri"f #Aqa’id $f Ahl al-Sunnah wa #l-%ama’ahL some of )hich areas follo)s:

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"% Allah #ost Hi+h- first of all- created the nur of the /ro'het- Allah bless him a!d+ive him 'eace- out of His 'erso!al "dhaati% &ur a!d the! He created the )hole)orld from that nur

";% *he /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% i! huma! form is the

i!imitable " sui "n"ris%

nur of Allah #ost Hi+h2

A!other Barelvi scholar- h)a4a #uhammad Mar "d2 <9K; AH% )rites i! 'oemsO:

"a% J!e )ho is called (huda "Allah% seems Mustafa- a!d o!e )ho is called slavelooks like (huda2 ")iwan Muhammadi- ;<%

"b% #uhammad Mustafa )ill rise o! the .a$ of Fud+me!t as Taha lifti!+ the coverof mim bri+ht a!d o'e!2He )hose realit$ )as difficult to be 'erceived- )ill rise vividl$- o!e )ho iscalled salve )ill rise as qul huw Allah27ho used to cha!t the slo+a! of inni #Abduh "8 am His slave% ever$ time- )illrise o! the *hro!e of Allah as inni ana Allah "8 am Allah%2 ")iwan Muhammadi-<C9%

"c% J #uhammad "mea!i!+ the 'oet #uhammad Mar%3 *here is !o differe!cebet)ee! Ahmad a!d Ahad "J!e- mea!i!+ Allah% si!ce the lovers havevarious t$'es of iman2 ")iwan Muhammadi- <C%

"d% 8f #uhammad "mea!i!+ the 'oet #uhammad Mar% believed i! #uhammad"/ro'het- Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% as (huda, the! $ou shouldk!o) that he is #uslim !ot a traitor2 ")iwan Muhammadi- <C>%

"e% *he feature of #uhammad is 4ust like that of (huda, !o!e ca! remove $our'icture from m$ heart2 ")iwan Muhammadi- <??%

Mou sa) )hat is the belief of the Barel)is about nur a!d bashar 2 7e- i! the seco!dcha'ter of the book- have me!tio!ed their evide!ces also- so that the realit$ of theirmaslak is clearl$ k!o)! a!d the differe!ce bet)ee! the claim a!d evide!ces is see!2As far as the Barelvi a!d .eoba!di co!te!tio! is co!cer!ed- there is !o room tome!tio! it i! this 'reface- but )e )ould like to ex'lai! it briefl$ i! 'ri!ci'le2 A@uestio! that rises i! the mi!ds of commo! 'eo'le- a!d ma!$ of them had 'osed usthe @uestio! that both the Barelvi a!d .eoba!di +rou's call themselves as Ahl al-Sunnah wa #l-%ama’ah, but the$ have so much differe!ces that co!dem! each other askafir as )ell2 7hich o!e of the t)o is ri+ht- a!d )hat are the differe!ces bet)ee!them

7e a!s)er it i! a )a$ that i! 'ri!ci'le the Barel)is a!d .eoba!dis disa+ree at t)o'oi!ts first is the issue of shirk a!d seco!d is the issue of bid’ah *he scholars of.eoba!d re+ard believi!+ i! ‘ilm al-hayb, hadhir and nadhir, mukhtar al-kull, nur andbashar, seeki!+ hel' from other tha! Allah , nadhr and niyaz, etc2 for a!$o!e else othertha! Allah as shirk i! the li+ht of the ,ur6a!- Su!!ah- the teachi!+s of theom'a!io!s- the salaf a!d the four 8mams2 7hile o! the co!trar$- the Barel)isre+ard these as la)ful2 5ike)ise the same case is )ith bid’ah- e2+2 durud a!d salam before Aza!- su''licatio! after fu!eral 'ra$er- ceme!ti!+ +raves- coveri!+ +raves)ith cloth- kissi!+ thumb i! aza!- calli!+ aza! o! +raves- celebrati!+ ma)lid al1Nabi"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%- hila isqat - tija, satwan, daswan, biswan, *haliswan

a!d other such rituals a!d su'erstitio!s- )hich the scholars of .eoba!d co!sideri!!ovatio!s- but the Barel)is !ot o!l$ co!sider them as la)ful rather re+ard them

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acts of re)ard2 *he shirk a!d bid’ah as defi!ed b$ the scholars of .eoba!d i! theli+ht of the ,ur6a!- Su!!ah a!d Ha!afi (i@h is !ot acce'table to the Barel)is- ratherthe$ misi!ter'ret as 'er their )ish a+ai!st the ,ur6a! a!d Su!!ah2 *o us- the realdiffere!ce bet)ee! the Barel)is a!d .eoba!dis lies i! these t)o issues2 Amo!+these dis'uted issues is the issue of nur wa bashar )hich has bee! ex'lai!ed i! ma!$

se'arate books b$ the .eoba!dis2 *his issue )as dealt )ith i! ma!$ books of Sha$khal1Hadith #a)la!a #uhammad Sarfaraz ha! Safdar 'ublished b$ the /ublishi!+.e'artme!t of #adrasah Nusrat al1‘Ulum- but the i!stitute could !ot 'ublish a!$se'arate book o! the to'ic as it has do!e o! other to'ics- e2+2 Izalah al-+ayb a!d Izhar al-hayb o! ‘ilm al-hayb- Tabrid al-&wazir a!d Tafrih al-(hwatir o! the issue of hadhir a!d nadhir - )il ka Surur o! the issue of Mukhtar al-(ull- uldasta Tawhid o! the issue ofisti’anah- )hile o! refutatio! of i!!ovatio!s the books like Al-Minhaj al-azih "or +ah-i-Sunnat %- !ab %annat, Tanqid Matin, Hukm al-)hikr bi al-%ahr, Ikhfa al-)hikr - etc2

Sha$kh al1Hadith himself )rote i! his book Tanqid Matin that he shall elaborate theissue of nur wa bashar i! his se'arate treatise- but due to his teachi!+- 'reachi!+e!+a+eme!ts a!d old a+e a!d co!ti!ued ill!ess- he could !ot kee' u' his )ords2Nevertheless- he me!tio!ed this issue ver$ clearl$ )ith detail i! his book TanqidMatin a!d Itmam al-!urhan. therefore he did !ot feel !ecessar$ to )rite a se'aratebook o! the to'ic2 But- his readers ke't o! )riti!+ him co!ti!uousl$ to )rite o! theto'ic like other to'ics a!d he used to state that he ex'lai!ed the matter i! detail i!his books2 So- the i!1char+e of /ublishi!+ .e'artme!t asked his 'ermissio! tocollect the matters related to nur wa bashar scattered i! his books- )hich he +ra!ted2As a result- 8 com'iled this book taki!+ extracts from differe!t books of him2 #a$Allah acce't this humble effort of mi!e a!d make it a source of hidayah for others-Ami!3

#a$ Allah #ost Hi+h bless His best of creatio!- #uhammad- his all (amil$ a!dom'a!io!s3

#uhammad (a$$az ha! Sa)ati*eacher- #adrasah Nusrat al1‘Ulum<st Safar <<< AH

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7ith the !ame of Allah- the All1#erciful- the Per$1#erciful

(irst ha'ter

8! the termi!olo+$ of Shari'ah- nabi or rasul is a huma! bei!+ )ho )as +ive! Shari’ah"la)% b$ Allah throu+h revelatio!- a!d he )as called rasul )he! he )as ordai!ed to'reach the Shari'ah to others si!ce the ma!ki!d )as e!trusted the vice+ere!c$ of the earth therefore it )as )ise to se!d huma! bei!+ for the rectificatio! a!d+uida!ce of huma! bei!+s- as Allah #ost Hi+h sa$s:

Evide!ces from the ,ur6a!

Perse <:

Nothi!+ 'reve!ted 'eo'le from believi!+- )he! +uida!ce came to them-exce't that the$ said- Has Allah se!t a ma! as a messe!+er "<;:%

8t i!dicates that this 'erce'tio! of the 'ol$theists a!d i!fidels that a ma! ca!!ot beselected for 'ro'hethood sto''ed them from bri!i!+ faith therefore the$ ex'licitl$@uestio!ed: Has Allah se!t a ma! as a messe!+er

*hese fools de!ied acce'ti!+ ma! as 'ro'het- but did !ot hesitate to re+ard thesto!es as )orth$ of bei!+ )orshi''ed2 As ‘Ali bi! Sulta! k!o)! as #ulla ‘Ali al1,arial1Ha!afi "d2 <C< AH% )rites:

G*he$ de!ied that Allah ca! +ive 'ro'hethood to a!$ ma!- but admitted that sto!esare their 0ods2D "Sharh al-Shifa’ - 9:>?- 'ub2 E+$'t%

Allah #ost Hi+h re'lied this ar+ume!t )ith the follo)i!+ verse:

Sa$- Had there bee! a!+els "livi!+% o! the earth- )alki!+ about i! 'eace- 7e)ould have certai!l$ se!t do)! a! a!+el from the heave!s as a messe!+er2"<;:>%

i2e2 si!ce the earth is 'o'ulated b$ huma! bei!+s- so Allah #ost Hi+h se!t huma!

bei!+s as messe!+er for the +uida!ce a!d +ood of the fello) huma!s- this )as full$i! their i!terest2 Had the a!+els bee! the i!habita!ts of the earth- Allah )ould havese!t do)! a!+els for their reform2

Perse ?:

He "Allah% said- J 8blis- )hat is the matter )ith $ou that $ou did !ot 4oi!those )ho 'rostrated He said- 8 am !ot such that 8 should 'rostrate m$self before a mortal )hom Mou have created from ri!+i!+ cla$ made of deca$edmud2 He said- the!- +et out of here- for $ou are a! outcast- a!d u'o! $ou isthe curse u' to the .a$ of Fud+me!t2 "<>:9?19>%

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7he! Allah #ost Hi+h created Adam "ma$ 'eace be u'o! him%- he told the a!+elsthat he )as 'la!!i!+ to create ma! from ri!+i!+ cla$ made of deca$ed mud2 Havi!+created him a!d blo)! soul i! him- He asked them to 'rostrate before him2 *hea!+els com'lied to the comma!dme!t of Allah i! u!hesita!t ma!!er- but the Sata!-the accursed- refused to obe$ the order2 8t 'roves that disdai!i!+ a huma! bei!+ is

the co!ce't of the accursed Sata! )ho )ill be accursed b$ Allah till Qiyamah a!d he)ill remai! re4ected a!d discarded2 7hile- +ivi!+ hi+h esteem to ma! is a! a!+elicattitude2 Accordi!+l$- o!e )ho is 'ursui!+ a! as'ect of de!$i!+ the virtues a!dmerits of bashar - he is follo)i!+ the )a$ of the Sata! a!d he himself should thi!k)hat his abode is2

Perse 9:

Sa$- Surel$- 8 am but a huma! bei!+ like $ou2 "<:<<C%

Allah #ost Hi+h asked the #esse!+er to 'roclaim that he )as but a huma! bei!+like them a!d he also 'ossessed the huma! characteristics as the$ 'ossessed2 Butdiffere!ce bet)ee! me a!d $ou is that Allah favoured me )ith wahy "revelatio!%-this elevated m$ !ame a!d 'ositio! +reatl$2

Perse :

Sa$- 8 'roclaim the /urit$ of m$ 5ord2 8 am !othi!+ but huma!- a messe!+er2"<;:9%

*he 'ol$theists of #akkah- out of 4ealous$ a!d bias- @uestio!ed the /ro'het "Allah

bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% to bri!+ some si+!s )hich )ere a+ai!st the )ill a!d)isdom of Allah2 8! re'l$ to this claim- He said: GSa$- 8 'roclaim the /urit$ of m$5ord2 8 am !othi!+ but huma!- a messe!+erL2

So far- four verses from the ,ur6a! )ere 'rese!ted )hich are sufficie!t e!ou+h tou!dersta!d the matter2 8! !ext li!es- )e are +oi!+ to 'rese!t Hadiths2 "(a$$az%

Evide!ces from Hadith

Hadith <:

*he /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% stated before the om'a!io!sdescribi!+ his 'ositio!: G8 am !othi!+ but a huma! bei!+ like $ouL2 "!ukhari- <:>-Muslim- <:?<9%

Hadith ?:

He said: GJ Allah3 8- #uhammad- am but a huma! bei!+ )ho also +ets a!+r$2L"Musnad Ahmad- ?:9%

Hadith 9:

He addressed the om'a!io!s at a! occasio! of ecli'se sa$i!+: GJ 'eo'le3 8 am but ahuma! bei!+ a!d a messe!+er2 "Mawarid al-/aman- <>%

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Hadith :

After his fare)ell 'il+rima+e- the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%delivered a sermo! at a! s'ecial occasio! a!d said: GBe)are J 'eo'le3 8 am !othi!+

but a huma! bei!+2 8 am about to be visited b$ the emissar$ of m$ 5ord the #ostHi+h- a!d 8 am to res'o!d his call2L "Musnad Ahmad- :?;K- Al-)arimi ?- Muslim-?:?;- Sunan al-(ubra- <C:<<%

Evide!ces from the Stateme!ts of the om'a!io!s

So far- )e have @uoted four hadiths !arrated from the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d+ive him 'eace%- thereafter )e are +oi!+ to @uote stateme!ts of the om'a!io!s2"(a$$az%

Stateme!ts <:

Tarjuman al-Qur’an Sa$$idu!a 8b! ‘Abbas "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him% delivered asermo! after the demise of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% i!)hich he stated: G*he #esse!+er of Allah has certai!l$ died a!d he )as a huma!bei!+2L " Al-)arimi- '2 ?9%

Stateme!ts ?:

Sa$$idah ‘Ai6shah Siddi@ah "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith her% sa$s that the #esse!+erof Allah "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )as a huma! bei!+2 " Shama’il al-

Tirmidhi- '2?- Al-Adab al-Mufrad- '2; b$ 8mam al1Bukhari%

Stateme!ts 9:

Sa$$idah ‘Ai6shah Siddi@ah "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith her% said that the #esse!+erof Allah "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )as !ot more but a huma! bei!+ fromhuma!s2L "Mawarid al-/aman- '2>?>%

Stateme!ts :

A!other +reat om'a!io! Sa$$idu!a ‘Abdullah bi! ‘Umar also called him a huma!

bei!+2 "Talkhis al-Mustadrak- <:<C%

Stateme!ts >:

Several om'a!io!s of him "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% belo!+i!+ to,ura$sh tribe- at a! occasio!- called him huma! bei!+2 "Mustadrak Hakim- <:<CK%

7e have so far @uoted fives stateme!ts of the om'a!io!s of the #esse!+er of Allah"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%- )hile i! the !ext li!es )e shall 'rese!t thestateme!ts of the ‘ulmaa- fu@aha- mufassiri!- muhaddithi! a!d sufi$a2 "(a$$az%

Stateme!ts of the ‘Ulama- #ufassiri! a!d #uhaddithi!

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All the #uslim ‘ulama a!d fu@aha "4urists% of 8slamic Shari=ah have u!a!imousl$stated that all the 'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% )ere huma! bei!+s2 *he$ex'ress a!d declare it o'e!l$ i! clear1cut )ords i! their books out of )hich )e'rese!t some2

Stateme!ts <19:

,adi Abul (adhl ‘8$az bi! #usa al1#aliki "d2 >H% )rites:

G7e have alread$ me!tio!ed that the #esse!+er "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% a!d other 'ro'hets a!d messe!+ers "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% )ere fromamo!+st the huma! bei!+s a!d that his bod$ a!d his 'h$sical structure )as 'urehuma! a!d it )as liable to face )hat huma! bod$ ma$ face like troubles- cha!+i!+-'ai!s- maladies a!d tasti!+ death- but this )as !ot to affect his status adversel$2L" Al-Shifa’ - ?:<>;- 'ublished i! E+$'t%

*he text- as 'er its mea!i!+- is absolutel$ clear a!d u!ambi+uous2 Jther scholarslike "?% 0hulam #uh$i al1.i! al1Birkili al1Ha!afi "d2 <H% a!d "9% Sha$kh ‘Abd al1Ha@ #uhaddith .ahla)i al1Ha!afi "d2 <C>?H% also made similar stateme!ts as the$said that the #esse!+er "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% a!d other 'ro'hets"ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% )ere huma! bei!+s2 (or details see: Tariqah al-Muhammadiyyah- ' <<- 'ublished i! E+$'t & Takmil al-Iman- 'ublished i! 5uck!o)-'29;2

Stateme!t :

8mam #uhammad bi! #uhammad al1ardari al1Ha!afi "d2 ?;H% )rites: DSi!ce the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is a huma! bei!+ a!d ever$ huma!bei!+ ca! be liable to defect exce't o!e )hom Allah 'rotects2D "0atawa !azzaziyyah-K:9<<- 'ublished as !otes o! 0atawa Hindiyyah- E+$'t%

*his text also su++ests clearl$ that the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%is a huma! bei!+- but it is a differe!t matter that Allah #ost Hi+h has +ra!ted the'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% the loft$ status of i!fallibilit$ " 'ismat % a!d the$are i!fallible "m’asum%2

Stateme!t >:

=Allamah Falal al1.i! al1.a))a!i al1Shafi=i "d2 ?H% )rites: D&abi is a! insan "huma!bei!+% se!t b$ Allah to the 'eo'le so that he 'reaches )hat He reveals to him2D"Sharh #Aqaid %alali- '2?%

!ashar - adami a!d insan are s$!o!$ms co!ve$i!+ same mea!i!+2 8t )as ex'lai!ed i!the text that a 'ro'het is al)a$s a huma! bei!+2

Stateme!t K:

Hafiz 8b! al1Humam- the +reat Ha!afi researcher- )rites: D&abi is a huma! bei!+se!t b$ Allah to the 'eo'le to 'reach )hat He reveals to him- )hile rasul also has

10



similar mea!i!+- so "accordi!+ to this mea!i!+% there is !o differe!ce bet)ee! thet)o2D " Al-Musayarah )ith Al-Musamarah- ?:9- E+$'t%

Stateme!t ;1:

Similar )ords have bee! me!tio!ed i! the books of 'aqaid a!d munazarah "beliefs a!ddebate%- e2+2 b$ =Allamah al1*aftaza!i "d2 ;?H% i! Sharh #Aqaid o! 'a+es < a!d -a!d #ulla Sadi@ ‘Ali o! -#Adhudiyyah 'a+e <?- a!d i! +ashidiyyah 'a+e >2

Stateme!t <C:

8mam Falal al1.i! al1Su$uti al1Shafi=i "d2 <<H% sa$s: G*he )ell1k!o)! defi!itio! of rasul is that it is huma! bei!+ )ho is +ive! Shari'ah b$ Allah a!d is ordered to 'reachit- if he is !ot ordered the! he is a 'ro'het o!l$2D "Tadrib al-+awi- ' <- E+$'t%

#ea!i!+ if he is asked to 'reach his !e) Shari'ah a!d !e) ruli!+s- he is a rasul, a!d if he is !ot asked to 'reach !e) Shar’iah- rather to 'reach o!l$ 'revious o!e- the! he isa nabi2

Stateme!t <<:

Amir Mama!i #uhammad bi! 8smail "d2 <<?H% )rites: DAccordi!+ to the 8slamicterms- nabi is a huma! bei!+ )ho is +ive! Shari’ah "la)% b$ Allah throu+h wahy"revelatio!%- )he! he is asked to 'reach it to others he is called rasulD "Subul al-Salam- <: E+$'t%

Stateme!t <?:

=Allamah #uhammad ib! ‘Abidi! al1Shami al1Ha!afi "d2 <?>?H% sa$s that bashar areof three t$'es: <O hi+her ra!k "khawwas% as the 'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them%?O middle ra!k like the om'a!io!s- etc- 9O a!d masses a!d commo! 'eo'le2 " Al-Shami- <:?- E+$'t%

Stateme!t <9:

8mam #uhammad bi! ‘Umar al1Razi al1Shafi=i "d2 KCKH% )rites: D#uhammad "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )as a bashar 2D "Tafsir (abir - >:9>- E+$'t%

Stateme!t <:

Sha$kh al1Akbar #uh$$i al1.i! ib! al1‘Arabi "d2 K9H% )rites: D*he #esse!+er of Allah "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%- i! s'ite of bei!+ o! the hi+h 'ost of risalah "messe!+ershi'% a!d khilafah "vice+ere!c$% al)a$s said that he is a huma!bei!+ "bashar % like others- so his hi+h status did !ot 'reve!t him to reco+!ize hisrealit$2D "0utuhat Makkiyah- ?:?9- E+$'t%

82e2 thou+h Allah besto)ed him the loft$ status of risalah "messe!+ershi'% a!dkhilafah "vice+ere!c$%- but he did !ot hesitate to admit himself as huma! bei!+ i!

o'e! a!d clear )ords- a!d he did !ot de!$ it2

11



Stateme!t <>:

#a)la!a Falal al1.i! Rumi "d2 K;?H% has me!tio!ed a stor$ i! his Mathnawi- thesummar$ of )hich is as follo)s2 *here )as a child 'la$i!+ o! a roofto' )hile his'are!ts )ere bus$ i! some other )ork "or the$ )ere havi!+ su!bath%2 *he roof had

a! o'e! +utter )hich drai!ed the roof )ater to the street drai!2 Sudde!l$- the childfell i! the +utter2 As the +utter )as a little ahead 'ee'i!+ to)ards the street- the'are!ts feared lest the )eak +utter should fail to carr$ his )ei+ht a!d fall killi!+him2 7he! the 'are!ts a''roached him i! order to rescue him- the child moveddee'er i!side the +utter out of i!dul+e!ce2 *his i!creased the risk of falli!+ do)!more a!d more2 He moved back )ith ever$ call of retur! b$ his 'are!ts2 (i!all$ the$lost ho'e a!d thou+ht that this little idiot bo$ is !ot liste!i!+- if the +utter +etstur!ed- he )ill be killed2 A )ise ma! sa) him a!d advised to bri!+ a!other child of his a+e a!d make him sit o! the roof2 7he! he )ill see the little bo$- he )ill feelattractio! to him a!d shall come out of the +utter2 *he advice )as follo)ed a!d assoo! as a!other bo$ )as take! to the roof- he +ot out of the +utter2 *hus- his life )assaved a!d the trouble )as )arded off2 .escribi!+ the eve!t i! his s'ecial st$le-#a)la!a Rumi states: G*he 'ro'hets also )ere from amo!+st the huma! bei!+- sothat their fello) bei!+s te!d to him for bei!+ like them2L

Stateme!t <K:

Sha$kh Ahmad Sirhi!di #u4addid Alf al1*ha!i "d2 <C9H% states: DJ brother-#uhammad "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%- i! s'ite of his loft$ status- )as abashar characterized )ith mortalit$ a!d tra!sie!ce2L "5etter ;9- (irst Pol2- '2<;;-Amritsar%

82e2 !either he )as qadim a!d wajib "immortal a!d i!fi!ite% !or eter!al a!d'er'etual- rather he )as a mortal huma! bei!+2 He sa$s at a!other 'lace: D.o !ot $ou see that the 'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% are e@ual to other 'eo'le i!bei!+ bashar a!d all are e@uivale!t as 'er their realit$ a!d 'erso!2 Mes- the$ )erehi+h i! status as 'er their 'erfect attributes2 "(irst Pol- 'art - '2<?%

At a!other 'lacehe )rites: DHo)ever- there is a status of 'ro'hethood )hichca!!ot be accessed b$ a! a!+el2 *he status )as obtai!ed due to the eleme!t of soil-so this is characteristic to huma! bei!+2D "Maktubat - (irst Pol2 /art - '2<?9%

Stateme!t <;:

=Allamah Busiri- the re!o)!ed Sufi- sa$s: GJur utmost k!o)led+e about him sa$sthat he is a bashar "huma! bei!+%2 He is the most disti!+uished a!d the best- out of all of reatio!2L

Stateme!t <:

*he re!o)!ed E+$'tia! scholar Sha$kh #uhammad ‘Abduh "d2 <9?9H% )rites: D*he'ro'hets )ere the best amo!+ all the huma! bei!+s2D "Tafsir al-Manar - ;:KC- E+$'t%

Stateme!t <:

12



=Allamah #uhammad bi! Abdul Ba@i bi! Musuf al1Qur@a!i al1#aliki "d2 <<??H%ex'lai!ed to a! exte!t that o!e of the blessed !ames of the #esse!+er is bashar 2"Sharh Mawahib- 9:<?- E+$'t%

Stateme!t ?C:

#uhaddith abir- 8mam Abu Hatim #uhammad bi! 8dris al18mam al1Hafiz al1abir"d2 ?;9H% states: D7e do !ot see a!$ merit +reater of Abu Bakr a!d ‘Umar tha! thisthat the$ )ere created out of the same cla$ from )hich the #esse!+er of Allah"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )as created2D "Mukhtasar Tazkira al-Qurtubi b$‘Abd al17ahhab Sha=ra!i- '2?K- E+$'t%

8t is me!tio!ed i! hadiths that a ma! is retur!ed to the soil from )hich he )as bor!a!d it is !arrated )ith tawatur that these three !obleme! are buried side b$ side i!the hol$ +awdha2

*hese short a!d solid refere!ces are sufficie!t e!ou+h for a 4ust ma!- but a 'ile of evide!ces a!d ar+ume!ts is i!ade@uate for a stubbor! a!d obsti!ate2

Stateme!ts of the (i@h Scholars

8t is to be !oted that the scholars of (i@h are those cautious +rou' of 'eo'le )hore+ard the least desecratio! of the #esse!+er "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%as kufr a!d hold its +uilt$ to be deservi!+ of bei!+ killed- but after all the$ re+ard allthe 'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! him%- s'eciall$ Sa$$idu!a #uhammad "Allah blesshim a!d +ive him 'eace% as huma! bei!+ a!d bashar i! u!ambi+uous terms2

Stateme!t <:

8mam *ahir bi! Ahmad al1Ha!afi "d2 >?H% )rites: D8t is me!tio!ed i! Al-Muhit thato!e )ho blas'hemes the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% or desecrateshim or criticizes him i! a!$ matter of Shari'ah or his 'erso! or a!$ of his attributes-it is 'erma!e!tl$ kufr )hether blas'hemer is from amo!+ his Ummah- )hether heis from the Ahl al-(itab "/eo'le of the Book% or dhimmi "!o!1#uslim i! a! 8slamicstate% or harabi "kafir citize! of !o!1#uslim state%- )hether the blas'heme-desecratio! a!d criticism is made i!te!tio!all$ or u!i!te!tio!all$- seriousl$ or 4oki!+l$2 8f he re'e!ts- his re'e!ta!ce )ill !ot be acce'ted ever- !either before Allah

!or before 'eo'le- he as 'er the 'risti!e Shari'ah a!d accordi!+ to the u!a!imouso'i!io! of the later mujtahids a!d the earlier scholars- he should be killed2 *he rulera!d his de'ut$ should !ot allo) a!$ careless!ess a!d com'romise i! this re+ard2"(hulash al-0atawa- :?;K%

See carefull$ this o'i!io! of the fuqaha a!d the! see ho) the$ re+ard the /ro'het"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% a huma! bei!+ a!d bashar 2 Had this )ordi!volved a!$ sli+htest doubt of blas'heme a!d desecratio!- the$ )ould have !otcalled him bashar - a!d at mi!imum the$ must have issued fat)as about those )hocall him bashar 2

Stateme!t ?:

13



*he fuqaha a!d the ‘ulama have clarified that believi!+ i! the /ro'het "Allah blesshim a!d +ive him 'eace% as a huma! bei!+ is a !ecessar$ 'art of the reli+io!2 8f a!$o!e- let alo!e de!$i!+ him as a bashar - ex'ress his i+!ora!ce about the matter-he )ill tur! kafir that he did !ot lear! a fu!dame!tal belief- as the reliable a!dauthe!tic books of the Ha!afi (i@h state: DJ!e )ho sa$s that he does !ot k!o)

)hether the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )as a huma! bei!+ or a 4i!!- he )ill tur! kafir "0usul Imadiyyah- <9>C- 8!dia 0atawa Alamiri- ?:?<- E+$'t%

*his is because acce'ta!ce of his bashariyyat is a fu!dame!tal belief a!d the 'erso!is u!a)are of it2

Stateme!t 9:

=Allamah al1Qur@a!i al1#aliki )rites i! Sharh Mawahib: D8f $ou ask )hether havi!+k!o)led+e of his bei!+ a bashar a!d a! Arab is a 'reco!ditio! for belief " iman% to bevalid or it is fardh kifayah "obli+atio! if 'erformed b$ some )ill be co!sidered for all%o! 'are!ts- for exam'le- if o!e teaches it to his mature so!- his other 'art!er )ill!ot be @uestio!ed about2

Sha$kh 7ali al1.i! Ahmad bi! ‘Abd al1Rahim al18ra@i al1Hafiz ib! al1Hafiz re'liedthat it is 'reco!ditio! for iman to be valid2 So- if a 'erso! sa$s: 8 believes i!#uhammad "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% as #esse!+er to all creatio!- but 8do !ot k!o) )hether he is from amo!+st the bashar or a!+els or 4i!!- or he sa$s: 8do !ot k!o) )hether he is a! Arab or 'Ajam "!o!1Arab%- he )ill u!doubtedl$ be kafir as he re4ects the ,ur6a! )here Allah sa$s: ‘He is the J!e )ho raised amidst theu!lettered 'eo'le a messe!+er from amo!+ themselves26 "K?:?% a!d ‘!or do 8 sa$ to

$ou that 8 am a! a!+el6 K:>C%2 Such a 'erso! also belies )hat )as received b$ the#uslims +e!eratio! to +e!eratio! a!d it is k!o)! full$ to all the classes a!d masses2Accordi!+ to me- there is !o differe!ce of o'i!io! i! this matter2 "Sharh Mawahib-?:K- E+$'t%

Stateme!t :

‘Allamah Sa$$id #ahmud al1Alusi al1Ha!a(i "d2 <?;CH% )rites: GSha$kh 7ali al1.i!al18ra@i )as asked )hether havi!+ k!o)led+e of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d+ive him 'eace% bei!+ bashar a!d a! Arab is a co!ditio! for iman to be valid or is it fardh kifayah So- he re'lied that it is !ecessar$ for iman to be valid2 He further said:

if a 'erso! sa$s: 8 believe i! #uhammad "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% as#esse!+er to all the creatio!- but 8 do !ot k!o) )hether he is from amo!+st thebashar or a!+els or 4i!!- or he sa$s: 8 do !ot k!o) )hether he is a! Arab or Ajam-the! there )ill !o de dou!t i! his kufr as he re4ects the ,ur6a! a!d de!ies )hat )asreceived b$ the #uslims +e!eratio! after +e!eratio! a!d )as esse!tiall$ k!o)! toall the classes a!d masses2 Accordi!+ to me- there is !o differe!ce of o'i!io! i! thismatter2 8f someo!e is i+!ora!t a!d u!a)are of it- he should be i!formed of it- a!d ifhe de!ies it after)ards- )e )ill declare him as kafir 2L "Tafsir +uh al-Ma'ani- :<C<-E+$'t%

Stateme!t >1K:

14



‘Allamah Sufi ‘Umar bi! Ahmad har'uti6s "d2 <?% similar stateme!t cca! be fou!di! ‘Sharh Qasidah al-!urdah- '2- 8sta!bul2 A!d there is a brief me!tio! of it i! Al-!ahr al-+a’iq- >:<?<2

/o!der- ho) clearl$ these se!ior scholars of 8slam re+ard that u!k!o)i!+ the

/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% as bashar a!d Arab is kufr as it is afu!dame!tal belief2

/roof of His Huma!it$ from a!other A!+le

*he bashar "ma!% is created from cla$- as it )as alread$ me!tio!ed )ith therefere!ce of the ,ur6a! a!d all the 'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% fromSa$$idu!a Adam "ma$ 'eace be u'o! him% to Sa$$idu!a #uhammad- the seal of'ro'hets "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )ere created from cla$2 *here is !oroom to doubt i! the matter2 *he /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )asmateriall$ made of mud2

Stateme!t <:

#ulla ‘Ali al1,ari al1Ha!afi )rites: G8b! al1Fa)zi !arrates i! his book Al-afa froma=ab al1Ahbar: 7he! Allah #ost Hi+h i!te!ded to create Sa$$idu!a #uhammad"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%- He ordered Fibril "ma$ 'eace be u'o! him% tobri!+ )hite cla$- so he desce!ded i! a +rou' of the a!+els of 0irdaws "hi+hest ra!k i!'aradise% a!d took a ha!dful shi!i!+ )hite cla$ from the 'lace of his +rave- so it )ask!eaded )ith the )ater of Tasnim2 "Sharh al-Shifa- ?:?C<- E+$'t%

*he! after his death- he )as buried i! the same 'lace )hichaccordi!+ to our beliefa!d the belief of ma4orit$ of #uslims- is eve! +reater i! virtue tha! the .ivi!e*hro!e2 Sa$$idu!a Abu Bakr a!d Sa$$idu!a ‘Umar "ma$ Allah be 'leased )iththem% had also this everlasti!+ ho!our of bei!+ buried beside him2

Stateme!t ?:

*he Ba$ha@i of his time- ,adi Sa!a6ullah /a!i'ati al1Ha!afi "d2 <??> H%- ma$ Allahhave merc$ o! him- )rites:

G+ulin1 8t is 'ossible that some awliya are created out of the rem!a!t cla$ of some

/ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% or the$ are created out of the rem!a!t cla$ ofthe Hol$ #esse!+er- "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%2 "Irshad al-Talibin- ' 9%

Stateme!t 9:

"*he co!fessio! of #a)lvi Ahmad Rida ha!- the su'reme head of the Barel)i sect%

#a)lvi Ahmad Rida ha! also admits that the blessed bod$ of the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )as made of cla$ a!d he )as a bashar 2 So- at o!e 'lacehe !arrates a hadith of Sa$$idu!a ‘Abdullah bi! #as=ud from the book Al-Muttfaq waal-Muftaraq b$ =Allamah hatib al1Ba+hdadi i! )hich the /ro'het "Allah bless hima!d +ive him 'eace% states that he a!d Abu Bakr a!d ‘Umar )ere made of same cla$a!d )e shall be buried i! the same2 " Al-Sunniyah al-Aniqah- ' >% *his hadith )as also

15



me!tio!ed b$ ,adi Sa!a6ullah /a!i'ati "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% as )ell2 "SeeIrshad al-Talibin- '2C% ha! Sahib added a mar+i! thereo! that Sa$$idu!a Siddi@ a!dSa$$idu!a (aru@ )ere made of the 'risti!e cla$ from )hich the /ro'het "Allah blesshim a!d +ive him 'eace% )as made of2

Establishi!+ His Huma!it$ from the Stateme!ts of the Barel)i

Scholars

Stateme!t <:

ha! Sahib Barel)i )rites about the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%that he )as bashar- but he had hu!dred thousa!d times +reater a!d hi+her huma!bod$ tha! the celestial )orld a!d thousa!d time more ethereal tha! the souls a!da!+els2 He himself sa$s: G8 am !ot like $ouL- i! a!other !arratio! he sa$s: G8 do !othave like $our !ature2L Also- he said: G7ho amo!+ $ou is like meL2 (i!all$ $ou have

read the stateme!t of Allamah hifa4i<

that his bei!+ bashar is i! !o co!tradictio!)ith his bei!+ bri+ht nur "&afy al-0ay- '2<C%

Stateme!t ?:

5ike)ise- he )rites at a!other 'lace that as the Ahl al1Su!!ah have a+reed that!o!e from amo!+st the ma!ki!d is masum "i!fallible% exce't the 'ro'hets "ma$'eace be u'o! them%- o!e )ho co!siders a!$o!e else as masum he is out of the foldof Ahl al1Su!!a2 ".a)am al1=Aish fi a!! al1Aimma mi! ,uraish- Pol2 <- ' ?;- Breill$<99%

Stateme!t 9:

*he re!o)!ed Barel)i scholar Hakim #a)lvi Abul Hasa!at Sa$$id #uhammadAhamd- former khatib of Fam6i #as4id- 7azir ha! of 5ahore- )rites:

GQu"sti$n: 7ho is nabi a!d )h$ he is se!t do)! to the )orld Answ"r : &abi is a huma! bei!+ )ho is se!t b$ Allah to +uide 'eo'le a!d )ho receivesthe divi!e comma!dme!t throu+h revelatio!2Qu"sti$n: 7hether all the 'ro'hets )ere bashar or somethi!+ else Answ"r : All the 'ro'hets )ere bashar 2L "Hanafi Silsilah )iniyat - <st vol2- '2<>1<K'ublished b$ .e'artme!t of /ublicatio! i! #arkazi A!4uma! Hizb al1Ah!af- 5ahore%

*he text ex'licitl$ su++ests that all the 'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% )erebashar !ot a!$thi!+ else2

Stateme!t :

5et us have some texts of #a)lvi Na6im al1.i! #uradabadi:

"<% #uhammad "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is Qurayshi )hose li!ea+e $ouk!o) )ell that he is most hi+hbor! amo!+ $ou a!d $ou are )ell a)are of his

truthful!ess a!d trust)orthi!ess- austerit$ a!d 'iet$- chastit$ a!d 'urit$ a!d hi+h1 &asim al-+iyadh- ?:??

16



morals2 "Hashiyah Qur’an- '29CC- 9C;% Had he bee! nur - there )ould have bee! !o@uestio! of bei!+ Arab a!d Qurayshi a!d li!ea+e2

"?% *he i!fidels first )o!dered a!d de!ied that rasul is a bashar a!d )he! the$observed his miracles a!d thou+ht that the$ are be$o!d huma! 'o)er- the$

re+arded him as ma+icia!2 *his claim of theirs is false a!d baseless- but it alsoi!volves his 'erfectio! a!d their admissio! of hel'less!ess2 "Hashiyah Qur’an- '29CC-!ote 9%

"9% *he most excelle!t of the huma! bei!+s- i2e2 the 'ro'hets are better tha! thebest of a!+els a!d the 'ious huma! bei!+s are better tha! the commo! a!+els2 8t isme!tio!ed i! hadith that a #uslim is more esteemed to Allah tha! the a!+els2 *hereaso! is that the a!+els are bor! obedie!t- it is their i!sti!ct2 *he$ have reaso! but!ot lust the a!imals have car!al desires but !ot reaso!- )hile ma! has both reaso!a!d lust2 So- o!e )ho em'o)ers his reaso! is better tha! the a!+els a!d o!e )hoem'o)ers his lust is )orse tha! a!imals2 "Hashiyah Qur’an- '2<- !ote <>%

Allah #ost Hi+h has me!tio!ed this i! the ,ur6a!2 7he! the 'ro'hets "ma$ 'eacebe u'o! them% a''roached their commu!ities for 'reachi!+ a!d maki!+ them hearthe truth- the i!fidels res'o!ded: DMou are !o more tha! a huma! bei!+ like us2 Mou)a!t to 'reve!t us from )hat our forefathers used to )orshi'2 So- bri!+ us someclear authorit$2 *heir 'ro'hets said to them- )e are !o more tha! a huma! bei!+like $ou- but Allah besto)s His favour u'o! )hom He )ills from amo!+ Hisserva!ts2D "<:<?%

8t )as tra!slated so b$ ha! Sahib Barelvi- but #a)lvi Na=imuddi! )rites i! its

!otes:

"% Note 9C: !o) that )e are reall$ huma! bei!+2 He besto)s his favour of'ro'hethood a!d messe!+ershi' a!d ho!ours )ith such a hi+h 'ositio!2 "'29;<%

See the com'licatio! i! his mi!d- he is cau+ht i! lurch- !either he ca! s)allo) !orca! e4ect2

">% "Extracted from a lo!+ 'ara+ra'h% So- !o ummati "#uslim% is allo)ed to claim tobe e@ual to the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%2 8t should be !oticedthat his huma!it$ is hi+her tha! ours a!d our huma!it$ is i! !o )a$ com'arable to

it2 "' KC- !ote <?%

7hatever )as said is alri+ht2 But it admits that the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d+ive him 'eace% )as huma! bei!+2 He )rites i! the be+i!!i!+ of the !ote )here heex'lai!s the verse D8 am !o!e but a huma! bei!+ like $ouD "<:<<C%: Seemi!+l$- 8 amsee!- heard a!d there is !o +e!der dissimilarit$ bet)ee! us a!d $ou- so ho) is it'ossible that m$ )ords are !ot heard a!d acce'ted b$ $ou a!d there is somehi!dra!ce bet)ee! $ou a!d mi!e2 8f- i!stead of me- there )as some alie! or a!+els- $ou could sa$ that the$ are !ot see!- heard a!d u!derstood b$ $ou- a!d the +e!derdissimilarit$ is a bi+ hi!dra!ce- but the case is !ot so here2 "' KC%

(irst- he acce'ted the 'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% as real bashar i! arou!dabout )a$- but here he )a!ts to hide his mis1belief )ith the 'retext of

17



=seemi!+l$=- but at the same time there is !o )a$ out but to admit that the$ )erebashar2 *he$ are cau+ht i! dilemma- u!able to move back)ard or for)ard2

"K% #a)lvi Na=imuddi! has )ritte! a short treatise o! beliefs e!titled: (itab al-Aqa’id "first 'art%2 (irst it )as 'ublished i! his lifetime i! 8!dia a!d !o) it is 'ublished i!

5ahore b$ t)o 'ublishers "<% Nuri utub ha!a- Bazar .ata Sahib- 5ahore "?%7eekl$ Sa)ad1e1Azam- 5ahore2 *he 'a+e of the treatise has a title: Nubu))at"'ro'hethood%- it reads )hat follo)s: D*he 'ure serva!ts of Allah )ho )ere se!t b$Him to +uide His creature a!d co!ve$ His messa+e are called nabi *he 'ro'hets arebashar )ho receive the wahy "revelatio!% from Allah #ost Hi+h2D No)- the scra''ersof the Nuri utub ha!a have re'laced the )ord bashar )ith !ur- a!d )ith thistreacher$ the$ thi!k that the$ have safe+uarded their belief2 "la Hawl wa la qauwwatailla billah%

";% 8t is me!tio!ed o! the 'a+e ; of the book:

,uestio!: 7hether the 4i!! a!d a!+els are also made nabi

A!s)er: No- 'ro'hets are o!l$ huma! bei!+s a!d 'articularl$ me!- !o )oma! )asever made nabi

*hese clear1cut texts su++est that all the 'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% )erebashar a!d huma! bei!+- es'eciall$ Sa$$idu!a #uhammad "Allah bless him a!d +ivehim 'eace%2

Stateme!t >

#ufti Ahmad Mar ha! Bada$u!i "a!d later 0u4rati% )rites: D/ro'hets are huma!bei!+s the$ are bashar !ot 4i!! or a!+el2L " %a'a al-Haq- '2<K%

7e )a!t to co!clude this cha'ter )ith the fat)a of /ir #ehr Ali Shah 0olri2 "(a$$az%

Someo!e asked /ir #ehr Ali Shah 0olri that the mufassirin have )ritte! that the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )as affected b$ ma+ic a!d the last t)ocha'ters of the ,ur6a! )ere revealed as cure of the ma+ic2 7hat is the mea!i!+ ofma+ic affecti!+ him 8t is a''are!tl$ a+ai!st the 'resti+e of 'ro'hethood2

/ir Sahib re'lied as follo): As far as the matter of ma+ic is co!cer!ed- it is a realit$a!d accordi!+ to all the mufassirin- the revelatio! of the t)o cha'ters of the ,ur6a!is li!ked )ith this i!cide!t as ma!$ traditio!s i!dicate to it2 But this i!cide!t e!tails!o ob4ectio! si!ce as other huma! characteristics like eati!+- dri!ki!+- slee'i!+a!d falli!+ ill occurred )ith him bei!+ bashar - like)ise bei!+ affected b$ )itchcraft)as also a huma! characteristic )hich had !o relatio! )ith his 'ro'hethood2"0atawa Mahariyyah- <:<C<- 'ublished ivil a!d #ilitar$ /ress- Sadar- Ra)al'i!di%

(urther he sa$s: GA!d if it is !ot see! co!!ected )ith 'ro'hethood- the! it is !ot aim'robable that a nabi also feels hurt a!d 'ai!ed- rather it is a huma! characteristic2As a nabi is !ot exem'ted from other huma! characteristics- similarl$ he is !ot free

from the )orldl$ troubles a!d 'ai!s2 "'2<C?%

18



Seco!d ha'ter

8! this cha'ter- )e shall 'rese!t the res'o!ses of the ar+ume!ts 'ut b$ the rival secti! the li+ht of the ,ur6a!- Hadith a!d the stateme!ts of mufassirin, muhaddithin,

fuqaha a!d sufiya "(a$$az%

Ar+ume!t <: *he first ar+ume!t to 'rove that the #esse!+er "Allah bless him a!d+ive him 'eace% is nur is from the ,ur6a! )here Allah sa$s: D*here has come to $ou-from Allah- a 5i+ht "nur % a!d clear book2 7ith it Allah +uides those )ho follo) His'leasure to the 'ath)a$s of 'eace2D ">:<>%

*he$ sa$ that the )ord nur "li+ht% i!dicates to the Hol$ /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d+ive him 'eace%- a!d si!ce it )as me!tio!ed )ith kitab usi!+ 'atf "co!4u!ctio!%- itmea!s that both the clauses are o''osite to each other2 *hus- nur is somethi!+ a!dkitab is somethi!+ else2

A!s)er: Here the )ord =nur = mea!s the ,ur6a! a!d the atf "co!4u!ctio!% is for moreelaboratio! i! )hich the t)o clauses are !ot 2"r s" o''osite to each other- ratherthe$ are differe!t o!l$ as 'er the attribute2 So it mea!s that the ,ur6a! is li+ht a!dit described the matter ver$ clearl$2 *he reaso! is that the /ro'het "Allah bless hima!d +ive him 'eace% )as 'erma!e!tl$ me!tio!ed 4ust i! the be+i!!i!+ of the verse:DJ 'eo'le of the Book- there has come to $ou Jur #esse!+er disclosi!+ to $ou muchof )hat $ou have bee! co!ceali!+ of the Book- )hile He overlooks much2D ">:<>% *helater 'art of the verse me!tio!s the kitab )hich is bri+ht as )ell as clear2 *he other'oi!t is that i! the !ext verse i2e2 >:<K- the 'ro!ou! is si!+ular- had the )ord nur a!d

kitab mea!t t)o differe!t thi!+s- the! it )ould have bee! 'ro'er to bri!+ dual'ro!ou! i!dicati!+ to both the thi!+s- but si!ce the nur a!d kitab referred to thesame thi!+- therefore si!+ular 'ro!ou! )as befitti!+2 As if the co!text a!d the firsta!d the last 'arts of the verse co!firm that the )ord nur here mea!s the ,ur6a!2A'art from this- the ,ur6a! at ma!$ 'laces )as described as nur e2+2 it sa$s:

GJ 'eo'le- a 'roof has come to $ou from $our 5ord- a!d 7e have se!t do)! to $ou avivid li+ht2D :<;O

At a!other 'lace- Allah sa$s:

GSo- those )ho believe i! him a!d su''ort him- a!d hel' him a!d follo) the li+htse!t do)! )ith him- those are the o!es )ho are successful2D ;:<>;O

A!d- Allah sa$s at a!other 'lace:

D8! similar )a$- 7e have revealed to $ou a S'irit from Jur comma!d2 Mou did !otk!o) earlier )hat )as the Book or )hat )as 8ma! "true faith%- but 7e have made it"the ,ur‘a!% a li+ht )ith )hich 7e +uide )homsoever 7e )ill from amo!+ Jurserva!ts2 A!d i!deed $ou are +uidi!+ "'eo'le% to a strai+ht 'ath2D ?:>?O

5ike)ise- He sa$s:

DSo- believe i! Allah a!d His #esse!+er- a!d i! the li+ht 7e have se!t do)!2D K:O

19



At all these 'laces- the ,ur6a! )as de'icted as nur a!d this is the reaso! that thema4orit$ of the mufassirin have mea!t the ,ur6a! b$ nur i! the verse >:<>- but someex'licated the nur )ith the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%- but thesemufassirin have cate+oricall$ ex'lai!ed his bashariyyat "huma!it$% at other 'laces2 So

ho) ca! it mea! exce't that he )as nur alo!+ )ith bei!+ bashar 2

(irst Jb4ectio!: 7hatever )e have )ritte! about the verse >:<> "*here has come to $ou- from Allah- a 5i+ht a!d clear book%- it is ver$ much clear- but the Barel)ischolar #a)lvi 0hulam Rasul Sa=idi- the author of Tawdhih al-!ayan- ob4ects to it:-G*here are several 'laces i! the Hol$ ,ur6a! )here si!+le 'ro!ou! )as referred tomore tha! a !ou! alter!atel$- but ho) ca! o!e u!dersta!d it )hose mi!d is affected)ith e!mit$ to)ards the /ro'het2 #a)lvi Sarfaraz !oticed o!l$ this 'lace i! thee!tire ,ur6a!2 "Tawdhih al-!ayan- '2<;%

A!s)er: *his ex'la!atio! of the author is !o!se!se si!ce !either )e have de!iedthat si!+le 'ro!ou! ca! be referred to several !ou!s !or that this is the o!l$ 'lacei! the e!tire ,ur6a! )here si!+le 'ro!ou! )as referred to several !ou!s2 As )e )erediscussi!+ the )ords nur a!d kitab- therefore the discussio! )as limited to thatverse2 7e have me!tio!ed it out of love to)ards Allah #ost Hi+h a!d i! follo)i!+the Shari=ah brou+ht b$ the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%- )hile it isdiffere!t thi!+ that a s@ui!t1e$ed sees this love also i! the form of hatred- so ho)ca! it be remedied

Seco!d Jb4ectio!: =Allamah Abu Sa=ud )rites i! the comme!tar$ of the verseme!tio!ed above: D*he 'ro!ou! )as used si!+le si!ce either it is referred to the

same thi!+ "si!ce the com'rehe!sive huma! form of the ,ur6a!ic comma!dme!tca!!ot be co!tem'lated exce't his hol$ 'erso! a!d if a!$ all1rou!d text ca! ex'lai!his 'erso! a!d his attributes it must be the ,ur6a!% or that both carr$ same ruli!+"si!ce both must be obe$ed% a!d the 'ro!ou! is referred to both "a!d this is there'l$ )hich is +e!erall$ +ive! b$ the mufassirin a!d comme!tators at such 'laces%2L

5ike Sha$kh Abu Sa=ud- =Allamah ‘Abdullah ib! Umar Ba$da)i i! Anwar al-Tanzil-=Allamah 8smail Ha@@i i! +uh al-!ayan a!d other scholars i! their tafasir have +ive!such a!s)ers2 "Tawdhih al-!ayan- ' <;%

A!s)er: *he said author did !ot @uote the com'lete text of =Allamah Abu al1Sa6ud

si!ce it i!dicates to his 'referred o'i!io! )hich is harmful for the said author2 Hiscom'lete text is as follo)s: G*hou+h nur a!d kitab refer to the same !ou!- but the'atf "co!4u!ctio!% )as used to re+ard the dissimilarit$ of !ou!s as the dissimilarit$of titles2 8t )as also said that the )ord nur mea!s the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d+ive him 'eace% a!d the )ord kitab mea!s: the ,ur6a!- )hile the 'ro!ou! i! the!ext verse )as used si!+ular si!ce the refere!ce is to the ,ur6a! o!l$ ")hich is li+htas )ell as clear book%- or because both "the 'ro'het a!d the book% are like o!e thi!+"as both are source of +uida!ce a!d li+ht% or the si!+le 'ro!ou! i! yahdi refers tothe aforesaid matter2 "Tafsir Abu al-Sa’ud- ?:<%

8! this tafsir - =Allamah Abu al1Sa6ud- )ho is )ell1versed mufassir - has me!tio!ed first

that nur a!d kitab refers o!e si!+le thi!+ a!d the co!4u!ctio! )as used 4ust todiffere!tiate the titles2 "7e have ex'lai!ed this i! Tanqid Matin- '2<??: the )ord nur

20



refers to the ,ur6a! a!d the co!4u!ctio! is 4ust for ex'la!atio! i! )hich there is !odiffere!ce bet)ee! the t)o clauses of the co!4u!ctio! as 'er their !ature- rather itis o!l$ as 'er the attributes2% *he!- a+ai! he @uoted a!other tafsir stati!+- ‘it is said6)hich is !ormall$ used for a )eak o'i!io!2 Accordi!+ to this tafsir - nur refers to the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% a!d kitab refers to the ,ur6a!2 A!d

the! he +ave reaso! of usi!+ the si!+le 'ro!ou! that si!ce nur a!d kitab refer to thesame thi!+ i2e2 the ,ur6a! therefore the 'ro!ou! is si!+ular- or the 'ro!ou! issi!+ular because both the nabi a!d kitab are sources of li+ht a!d +uida!ce- or thesi!+ular 'ro!ou! )as used referri!+ to the )hole of )hatever me!tio!ed before2*he ma4orit$ of the mufassirin have mea!t the same )hich )as me!tio!ed b$=Allamah Abu al1Saud2 *he aforesaid o''o!e!t author should thi!k )hat adva!ta+ehe achieved b$ the tafsir of =Allamah Abu al1Sa6ud a!d )hat disadva!ta+e )eear!ed .id =Allamah Abu al1Saud !ot state all the thi!+s )hich )e had alread$me!tio!ed

*hird Jb4ectio!: #a)lvi 0hulam Rasul Sa=idi )rites criticizi!+: if $ou i!sist that i!case of si!+le 'ro!ou!- the referred !ou! should also be si!+ular- )e su''ose so- but)h$ is it !ecessar$ to believe that i! case of si!+le referred !ou! the )ords !ur a!dkitab refer to the ,ura!- )h$ is it !ot 'ossible that both the )ords refer to the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% #ulla Ali al1,ari i! his Sharh Shifaa!d a!d =Allama Alusi i! Ruhul #a=a!i +ave the same re'l$ )hich )e have alread$me!tio!ed2 "*a)dhih al1Ba$a!- ' <%

A!s)er: #ulla ‘Ali al1,ari @uoted this tafsir sa$i!+ Dsome mufassiri! have tried toex'lai! itD that kitab also ma$ refer to the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% as !ur also refers to his hol$ self a!d si!ce the 'erso! is si!+ular a!d )ords

are differe!t therefore the 'ro!ou! )as brou+ht si!+ular2 So- )e be+ to sa$ that theaforesaid author mi+ht )as told b$ a!$ able a!d ex'ert teacher that )he! the )ord=badh= "some% is referred to 'lural it mea!s o!e or t)o !ot a +rou' of 'eo'le2 *he@uestio! is ho) o!e ca! base his belief o! the fou!datio! of =some mufassiri!= b$leavi!+ aside the co!text of the ,ura!- other mutawatir evide!ces a!d the o'i!io! of ma4orit$ of the mufassiri!2 8t is o!l$ for @uoti!+ that some mufassiri! ex'lai!ed theverse i! this )a$ as )ell2 7hat ki!d of service of reli+io! is it to leave the +olde!'ri!ci'le a!d rule of DAllah=s ha!d is o! the +rou'D a!d traili!+ behi!d the raresta!d u!commo! ex'la!atio!s2 5ike)ise- =Allama Alusi @uoted this tafsir 4ust as a'ossible ex'la!atio! as he sa$s: Dit is !ot far a)a$ that both the )ords !ur a!d kitabrefer to the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%2D No) $ou should decide

fairl$ )hether a!$ 'ri!ci'le belief of reli+io! ca! be established b$ such u!certai!stateme!ts2 8f such u!certai! stateme!ts do !ot co!tradict the rules a!d 'ri!ci'lesof reli+io!- the$ ca! be acce'table- other)ise the$ !eed to be +ive! 'ro'eri!ter'retatio! or else the$ deserve to be re4ected- as 5ahori ,ala!dar sa$s:

3tha ka 2h"ink d$ bahar hali m"in*hro) it out i! the street

(ourth Jb4ectio!: 8mam (akhr al1.i! al1Razi )rites u!der this verse: D*here arevarious ex'la!atio!s first the )ord nur mea!s the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ivehim 'eace% a!d the book mea!s the ,ur6a!- )hile the seco!d ex'la!atio! is that nur

mea!s 8slam a!d kitab mea!s the ,ur6a!2 *he third ex'la!atio! is that both the

21



)ords nur a!d kitab mea! the ,ur6a!- but this o'i!io! is )eak as 'atf "co!4u!ctio!%seeks dissimilarit$2D

No)- 'erha's #a)lvi Sarfaraz mi+ht have k!o)! that the o'i!io! )hich is the baseof his belief is the third +rade o'i!io! a!d is re+arded b$ 8mam al1Razi as ver$ )eak2

"Tawdhih al-!ayan, '2<??%

A!s)er: 7e sa$ thou+h 8mam Razi calls it )eak "!ot ver$ )eak% but the ma4orit$ ofmufassirin call it stro!+ a!d better like =Allamah Abu al1Sa6ud )hom )e have @uotedearlier2 #oreover- 8mam Razi ex'lai!s nur as 8slam "see: Tafsir (abir - ?:<%- )h$ do $ou discard this stro!+ tafsir

(ifth Jb4ectio!: #a)lvi 0hulam Rasul Sa=idi @uoted several vie)s 'rovi!+ that the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is nur a!d he )a!ted to +ive a!im'ressio! to the 'ublic that all mufassirin re+ard him as nur )hile #a)lvi Sarfarazde!ies it2 So i!stead of )riti!+ their full text- their refere!ces are bei!+ @uoted2 SeeTawdhih al-!ayan- <? a!d <9- )here 8mam Razi- #ulla ‘Ali al1,ari a!d =AllamahAlusi me!tio! that nur ma$ refer to his hol$ self a!d =Allamah Alusi sa$s that he isnur al-anwar "li+ht of all li+hts%2 J! 'a+e <- this tafsir is @uoted b$ ,atadah a!dQa44a4 a!d it )as re+arded better tafsir, )hile o! 'a+e <> it is @uoted from %alalayn-Sa)i a!d Abu al1Sa6ud that nur refers to the Hol$ /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ivehim 'eace%2 5ike)ise- o! 'a+e < it is @uoted from Tafsir !aydawi- (hazin a!d &asafia!d o! 'a+e < from +uh al-!ayan that nur refers to the /ro'het "Allah bless hima!d +ive him 'eace%2 J! 'a+e <><- it is @uoted from Imdad al-Suluk '2K- treatise Al-&ur - '29< of #a)la!a *ha!a)i a!d *afsir of #a)la!a ‘Uthma!i that nur ma$ mea!the /ro'het himself "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )hile kitab mea!s the

,ur6a!2 *he!- o! 'a+e <>? it is @uoted from treatise Al-Tawassul- '2>9- Shifa6 of ,adi‘8$ad '2<C- a!d o! 'a+e <> from #ulla ‘Ali al1,ari=s Sharh Shifa’ <:< a!d from Tafsir(hazin, )hile o! 'a+e <>> it is )ritte! )ith the refere!ce of Tafsir (abir that the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )as nur a!d li+hted lam'- etc2

A!s)er: All these refere!ces are +e!ui!e but !o!e of them is a+ai!st us- eve! allsu''ort our vie)2 *he author- b$ 'ili!+ u' the irreleva!t refere!ces- hasu!!ecessaril$ i!creased the thick!ess of his book 4ust i! order to demo!strate hisacademic abilit$2 7hich #uslim de!ies it 7e ourselves- after @uoti!+ the tafsir ofthe verse Dthere has come to $ou- from Allah- a 5i+ht a!d clear bookD ">:<>% said thati! vie) of the evide!ces a!d co!text nur mea!s the ,ur6a! a!d the co!4u!ctio! is

4ust for more elucidatio!- but )e have acce'ted the seco!d tafsir as )ell- as it is)ritte! i! Tanqid-i-Matin- ' <?: D*his is the reaso! that ma4orit$ of mufassirin havei!ter'reted nur as the ,ur6a!- )hile some of them i!ter'reted !ur as the /ro'het"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%- but all these mufassirin o'e!l$ admit at other'laces i! their tafsir that the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )as abashar a!d huma! bei!+2 So- )hat it mea!s exce't that he )as huma! bei!+ alo!+)ith bei!+ nur - as )e have me!tio!ed i! the be+i!!i!+2D

After such a clear ex'la!atio! from our e!d- ho) it is useful for the said author to'rese!t refere!ces of his bei!+ nur a!d ho) it is harmful for us3 *he ma4orit$ of themufassirin have i!ter'reted nur as the ,ur6a!2 8f the said author is i! doubt i! this

re+ard- all the books of tafsir are available a!d Allah )illi!+ the 'e! is also availablea!d all these mufassirin belo!+ to Ahl al1Su!!ah )a ‘l1Fama=ah- )hile some of the

22



#u=tazili mufassirin also have 4oi!ed their ra!k i! this tafsir u!der the Arabic+rammar rules2

Six Jb4ectio!: #a)lvi 0hulam Rasul Sa=idi- the author of Tawdhih al-!ayan- )ritesthat those )ho de!$ the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% as nur the$

are #u=tazili- as he sa$s: D+uh al-Ma'ani i!ter'rets the verse as: Abu ‘Ali Fuba6i saidthat the nur mea!s the ,ur6a! as it e!li+hte!s a!d reveals the )a$s of +uida!ce a!dbelief2 Al1Qamakhshari also me!tio!ed the same thi!+ i! his tafsir 2D

7hat is the belief of Al1Qamakhshari- the author of al1ashshaf 8t is )ritte! o! '2?that Al1Qamakhshari used to !ick!ame himself as =Abu al1#u=tazila= "the father ofthe #u=tazilah sect%2 5ike)ise- it is )ritte! o! 'a+e ? about Abu Ali Fuba6i that his!ame )as #uhammad bi! ‘Abdul 7ahhab a!d he )as #u=tazilite from Basra2 Boththese refere!ces reveal that Abu Ali Fuba6i a!d Al1Qamakhshari both )ere#u=tazilah- a!d +uh al-Ma'ani clarifies that these #u=tazilah de!$ the /ro'het bei!+nur a!d co!fi!e nur o!l$ to the ,ur6a!2 "Tawdhih al-!ayan- '2<>>1<K>%

A!s)er: 7hat #a)lvi 0hulam Rasul Sa6idi Barel)i sa$s that those )ho de!$ the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% bei!+ !ur are #u=tazilah is @uitebaseless si!ce i!ter'reti!+ the )ord !ur )ith the ,ura! is !ot a #u=tazilite theor$-rather the Ahl al1Su!!ah scholars have also i!ter'reted !ur as the ,ur6a!- as 8mamNasir al1.i! Abu al1ha$r ‘Abdullah bi! ‘Umar al1Ba$da)i "d2 ;< AH% i!ter'rets theverse Dthere has come a li+ht from AllahD >:<>: Di2e2 the ,ur6a! as it dis'erses thedark!ess of doubt a!d deviatio! a!d it is a clear miraculous book )hile some sa$that the )ord nur mea!s the /ro'het #uhammad "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace%2 "Tafsir !aydawi- <:?K- E+$'t%

*his tafsir of 8mam Ba$da)i makes t)o thi!+s clear first the )ord !ur mea!s the,ura!2 Seco!d- some scholars have i!ter'reted !ur as the /ro'het #uhammad"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%2 8f i!ter'reti!+ !ur )ith the ,ura! is the creedof the #u=tazila- )hether 8mam Baidha)i also )ill be i!cluded i! the same cult Moushould 'la!t a similar fat)a o! him as )ell2 *his tafsir of 8mam Baidha)i su''ortsour sta!d2 As far as some scholars= i!ter'retatio! of !ur )ith the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is co!cer!ed- )e do !ot de!$ it absolutel$- as it )asalread$ me!tio!ed si!ce the mufassiri! )ho i!ter'reted !ur )ith the /ro'het"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%- the$ also believe that !ur mea!s =the li+ht of+uida!ce= a!d the$ did !ot de!$ the /ro'het bei!+ bashar2 8t is !eedless to le!+the!

this discussio! a!$more- but )e )a!t to 'rese!t o!e or t)o more refere!ces2

8mam #uhammad bi! Musuf k!o)! as Abu Ha$$a! al1A!dalusi al10har!ati "d2 ;>AH% sa$s i! the tafsir of the verse >:<>: D8t is said that the ,ura! )as called !ur as itdis'erses the dark!ess of 'ol$theism a!d doubt or that it is clear miracle2 "*afsir al1#uhit 9:- Beirut%

=Allama Sha$kh #uhammad Abduh of E+$'t "d2 <9?9 AH <C> A.% also )ritesu!der the comme!tar$ of the verse >:<>: D*here are three o'i!io! abut the mea!i!+of the )ord !ur here first is the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%-seco!d is 8slam a!d third is the ,ura!2D "*afsir al1#a!ar K:9C%

23



7e have 'rese!ted three refere!ces ex'lai!i!+ that !ur mea!s the ,ura! a!d thistafsir is more 'referable2 As far as )hat Sa=eedi sa$s that i!ter'reti!+ !ur )ith,ura! is the creed of #u=tazila- it is !othi!+ short of a clear lie- as the Ahl al1Su!!amufassiri! have also i!ter'reted it as the ,ura!2 *he text of Ruh al1#a=a!i'rese!ted b$ him mea!s that the verse mea!s the ,ura! alo!e- !ot a!$ thi!+ else2

=Allama Alusi disa''roves that the #u=tazila have co!fi!ed the tafsir i! thismea!i!+2 A!d )e also do !ot believe that !o other i!ter'retatio! ca! be made tothe verse- )e sa$ that the 'referable tafsir is that of mea!i!+ the ,ura!- as themufassiri! have i!ter'reted the verse i! differe!t )a$s- as Sa=eedi Sahib has alsoadmitted that the #u=tazila have co!fi!ed the tafsir of the verse i!to the ,ura!2"(a$$az%

Seco!d Evide!ce: *he seco!d evide!ce of his bei!+ !ur is that 8mam Abdur Razza@re'orted from Fabir bi! Abdullah "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him%- he sa$s that hesaid to the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%: ma$ m$ 'are!ts aresacrificed over $ou- )hich thi!+ Allah #ost Hi+h created first He re'lied: J Fabir3Before all thi!+s Allah created the !ur of $our /ro'het out of His !ur2 "Qur@a!iSharh #a)ahib <:;- Nashr al1*eeb >%

*his !arratio! )as 'rese!ted as 'roof that he )as !ur2 But- it is also !ot based o!solid fou!datio!s2

"<% *he sanad "chai! of !arrators% of this hadith is !ot k!o)!2 #oreover- 8mamAbdur Razza@ )as Shia thou+h !ot extremist- but he is munfarid "!arrated some'eculiar thi!+s !ot re'orted b$ others%2 "*azkirat al1Huffaz <:99<%2 Es'eciall$ i! fazayil cha'ter he has !arrated such !arratio!s )hich are !ot re'orted b$ a!$o!e

else- as Abu Bakr bi! A$$ub al1Ha!afi )rites: D8b! =Adi said that Abdur Razza@!arrated traditio!s i! faza$il )hich are !ot re'orted b$ a!$o!e else2D "al1Sahm al1#usib <9C% #oreover- =Allama #uhammad *ahir al1Ha!afi "d2 K AH% )rites: AbdurRazza@ ib! Humam tur!ed bli!d i! his last time- his !e'he) "sister=s so!% Ahmadbi! Abdullah i!serted false traditio!s i! his book for )hich he is k!o)! as kadhib "liar%2 ,a!u! al1#a)dhua=at ?K% i2e2 some 'eo'le formed this vie) about him due tohis !e'he)=s for+er$ a!d misdeed- other)ise 'erso!all$ he )as authe!tic a!dreliable2

"?% #usa!!af Abdur Razza@ is classified i! the Hadith books of third cate+or$2 ShahAbdul Aziz #uhaddith .ehla)i "d2 <?9 AH% states: D#ost of the traditio!s of this

cate+or$ are !ot follo)ed b$ the (i@h scholars rather ijma= )as established a+ai!stmatters me!tio!ed therei!2 "=U4ala Naf$=a ;% But all traditio!s of this cate+or$ are!ot baseless- rather most of them are so- es'eciall$ o!es co!tradicti!+ the mea!i!+of the ,ura!2 #a)la!a Sa$ed Sulaima! Nad)i "d2 <9; AH% )rites about #usa!!afAbdur Razza@: Si!ce the said book co!tai!s false traditio!s alo!+ )ith sahih traditio!s a!d his traditio!s are take! less reliable i! faza$il cha'ter- therefore i!'ri!ci'le 8 hesitate to acce't this traditio!2 *his hesitatio! is stre!+the!ed )he! )esee that 'e! has bee! clearl$ me!tio!ed i! sahih ahadith to be first created2 "Sirat al1Nabi 9:;;K%

"9% *his traditio! is a+ai!st the o!e )hich sa$s that the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d

+ive him 'eace% sated: D(irst thi!+ )hich Allah created )as 'e!- the! he ordered her

24



to )rite2D "Abu .a)ood ?:?C- *a$alsi ;<- *irmidhi 9:<K; he termed it as hasan sahih harib, al1Bida$a )a al1Niha$a <: he said that it )as !arrated b$ Ahamd%

Hafiz 8b! Ha4ar =As@ala!i "d2 >? AH% )rites: DAmo!+ the traditio!s )hich describefirst thi!+ created b$ Allah is o!l$ this hadith is reliable: (irst thi!+ Allah created

)as 'e!2D "al1#a)dhu=at al1abir 9<%

*his sahih hadith su++ests that Allah #ost Hi+h first created 'e! of desti!$2 So-)he! the creatio! of 'e! is k!o)! to take 'lace first- the! it is !eedless tou!reaso!abl$ mea! awwaliyat idhafi "relative 'rimac$% i!stead of awwaliyat haqiqi "real 'rimac$%2 8t should also be !oted that the researcher comme!tators of haditha!d the historia!s have sorted out ma!$ thi!+s like /e!- *hro!e- mi!d etc that havebee! classified to be first created- but the$ did !ot me!tio! !ur amo!+st them27hat does it mea! exce't that the hadith of !ur is !ot reliable accordi!+ to them-other)ise the$ )ould have me!tio!ed it )hile me!tio!i!+ the differe!t hadiths2Mes- #ulla Ali al1,ari me!tio!ed it i! #ira@at <:<K a!d Fam= al17asa$il but hehimself ex'lai!ed i! these books that !ur mea!s ruh "soul%2

"% As his !ur is me!tio!ed to be first created- i! the same )a$ his ruh "soul% )asalso re'orted to have bee! created first- as #ulla Ali al1,ari al1Ha!afi sa$s: *he/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% said: D*he first thi!+ Allah created )asm$ ruh2D *he other souls )ere created )ith the blessi!+ of his soul a!d the !ur ofhis 'erso!2D "Sharh al1Shifa <:<;- E+$'t%

He )rites at a!other 'lace: DBoth the hadiths i2e2 the first thi!+ Allah created is m$!ur a!d the other hadith of ruh "soul% carr$ same mea!i!+- as the souls are nuri- so

it mea!t that the first thi!+ Allah created amo!+st the souls is m$ ruh2 "#ir@at<:<K;- 8mdadi$a- #ulta!%

8! si+!ifies that the hadith )as !arrated i! t)o )a$s a!d !ur mea!s ruh si!ce ruhis also a li+ht eleme!t a!d subtle substa!ce )hich is absorbed i! the e!tire bod$2=Allama Ahmad bi! #uhammad al1hifa4i al1Ha!afi "d2 <CK AH% said: DAllah #ostHi+h created his souls before other souls a!d blessed it )ith the !ice costume of'ro'hethood2 A!d this is mea!t b$ the )ords he s'oke: Allah #ost Hi+h created his!ur before He created Adam "ma$ 'eace be u'o! him%2 "Nasim al1Ri$az <:?CC-?C<-E+$'t%

/erha's- this is the reaso! that Hakim al1Ummat #a)la!a Ashraf Ali *h!a)i hasdescribed the !ur #uhammadi as ruh #uhammadi2 "Hashi$a Nashr al1*ib >% 8f thishadith is 'rove! to be sahih as it )as claimed b$ Sha$kh Abdul Ha@ i! #adari4 al1Nubu))a- the! )ith this mea!i!+ it has !o co!tradictio! )ith a!$ text of the,ura! a!d Hadith2 *herefore- there is !othi!+ )ro!+ to believe it2 But- it isabsolutel$ baseless a!d absurd to re4ect- o! its basis- the certai! a!d clear1cut nusus "texts f the ,ura! a!d Hadith% a!d de!$ his bei!+ huma! bei!+ as it )as ado'ted b$ma!$ i!!ovators2 Accordi!+ to our research- the issue of hazir a!d nazir - 'ilm hayb a!d !ur etc cre't i! the i!!ovators from the Shias- but the authe!tic book of Shiasi2e2 Usul afi clearl$ ex'lai!s that !ur mea!s ruh2 *he text is as follo)s: DAllah #ostHi+h said: 8 created $ou a!d Ali as !ur i2e2 soul )ithout bod$2D "Usul al1afi <:<;- vol

?- 5uck!o)%

25



*his i!dicates that Shias also take !ur as ruh2 Ho)ever- accordi!+ to this hadith-de!$i!+ the huma!it$ of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )hich is'roved b$ nusus "defi!ite sources% is u!acce'table alto+ether2

ote: *here are other !umerous )ords )hich co!ve$ the mea!i!+ of !ur: for

exam'le: Dthe first thi!+ Allah created )as m$ !urD- D8 )as made out of Allah=s !ur-but the believers )ere made of mi!eD- )he! Allah created the !ur of his 'ro'het- heasked him to see to the !urs of the 'ro'hetsD- a!d D)he! Allah created Adam- hee!trusted the !ur i! his backD- but !o!e of these hadiths is sashih2 8f a!$o!e claimsthe other)ise- he )ill have to ex'lai! it )ith 'roof2

A!other hadith sa$s that Allah took a fistful !ur of His face- the hadith further sa$sthat it )as the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%- the e!tire )orld )ascreated out of it2 Also- he )as created before his 'are!ts )ere created2 A!d that hememorized the ,ura! before Sa$$id!a Fibril came to him )ith it2 Hafiz 8b! *aimi$aa!d Hafiz 8b! athir comme!ted o! the hadith that it is fabricated lie accordi!+ toall those )ho have the k!o)led+e of hadith2 "al1Athar al1#arfu=a ?;9- #a)la!aAbdul Ha$i 5uck!o)i%

A!other hadith sa$s Allah created me )ith His !ur a!d created Abu Bakr also )ithit- but o!e of the !arrators is Ahmad bi! Musuf al1#asihi2 =Allama Abul Hasa! Ali bi!#uhammad al1a!a!i "d2 i! K9 AH% )rites that 8mam Abu Nuaim said: he is false28mam al1.hahabi sa$s: He is bi+ liar2 "*a!zih al1Sharia al1#arfu=a 99;%

#uslims !eed !ot to 'a$ a!$ atte!tio! to such false a!d fabricated traditio!s a!d+ive farther i!ter'retatio!s to the ,ura!ic verses a!d sahih a!d muta)atir hadiths-

a!d Allah forbid to re4ect them a!d deserve Allah=s 'u!ishme!t a!d become fuel ofthe (ire2

(irst Jb4ectio!: *he ex'la!atio! )e 'rese!ted i! the re'l$ of seco!d ar+ume!tfrom our o''o!e!t is to the 'oi!t a!d clear2 But- our o''o!e!t has tar+eted it also)ith his ob4ectio!s2 7e are @uoti!+ those ob4ectio!s a!d re'l$ them res'ectivel$2

#a)lvi 0hulam Rasul Sa=eedi )rites: D7e )rite the !ames of the elderl$ scholars ofAhl al1Su!!a )ho have @uoted the hadith of Fabir "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him%2Had this traditio! bee! za'if ")eak% or i!a''licable these scholars )ould have !otme!tio!ed it i! their books2 (or exam'le those )ho referred to the hadith i!clude:

the teacher of 8mam Ahmad- the teacher=s teacher of 8mam Bukhari a!d 8mam#uslim- 8mam Abdur Razza@ i! his #usa!!af a!d 8mam Baiha@i i! .ala$il al1Nubu))a !arrate the hadith as marfu' ")ith co!ti!uous chai! to the /ro'het% from

Sa$$id!a Fabir "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him% that Allah created the !ur of $our /ro'het before a!$ thi!+ out of His !ur2 7hile 8mam ,ustala!i )rites i!#a)ahib 5adu!i$a: )he! Allah #ost Hi+h i!te!ded to create 'eo'le a!d determi!etheir livelihood- he brou+ht about the haqiqat #uhammadi$a "his existe!ce% i! the!ur of His .ivi!it$2D

Ex'lai!i!+ the text- 8mam Qur@a!i )rites i! Sharh #a)ahib: 8! deed the ha@i@at#uhammadi$a is base of all haqiqats "existe!ces% si!ce it is 'roved b$ 22 "some text

!ot clear% )hich is exactl$ !ur Ahmadi a!d )as i!dicated b$ the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% i! his )ords that Allah #ost Hi+h created his !ur

26



first2 Amir Abdul ,adir al1Fazaeri al1Hasa!i )rites i! mawqif "sta!d'oi!t% of hisbook #a)a@if: *here is !o doubt that the ha@i@at of the /ro'het "Allah bless hima!d +ive him 'eace% is the +reat merc$ )hich has e!com'assed ever$ thi!+2 8t isobviousl$ me!tio!ed i! hadith: J Fabir3 *he first thi!+ Allah created )as the !ur of $our /ro'het2D Sa$$id Abdul arim Fil$ sa$s i! Namus1e1Azam "book of !ur- first

cha'ter%: 8! deed Allah #ost Hi+h se!t #uhammad "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% as bi++est felicit$ a!d best ideal for all2 Allah 'laced him at the hi+hest ra!kamo!+ the creatures2 Shaikh Abdullah Al1Busa!)i sa$s i! first cha'ter of Matali' al-&urani: Behold- )he! Allah #ost Hi+h i!te!ded to i!troduce the ma!ifestatio!s ofHis .ivi!it$ throu+h the demo!stratio! of the effects of .ivi!e Names- He firstcreated ruh #uhammadi i! com'rehe!sive ma!!er- as it is !arrated from Sa$$id!a Fabir bi! Abdullah "#a$ Allah be 'leased )ith him% that he asked the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )hat Allah created first He re'lied: J Fabir- it )as the!ur of $our /ro'het )hich Allah created out of His !ur2 Sha$kh Abdul Ha@ sa$s i!#adari4 al1Nubu))a: Ho)ever- first of all he came i!to existe!ce- because the firstthi!+ Allah created )as his !ur2 5ike)ise- he )as +ra!ted nubuwwa "'ro'hethood% ashe )as declared 'ro'het )he! Sa$$id!a Adam )as still i! the 'rocess of creatio!2A'art from these scholars- 8b! Ha4ar al1#akki- =Allama (arsi- =Allama .i$ar Bikri-Sa$$idi Abdul 0ha!i Nabulsi- 8mam Abul Hasa! Al1Ash=ari also have me!tio!ed suchthi!+ i! their books a!d the$ have relied u'o! it2 "Summar$ from *a)dhih al1Ba$a!<>K1<KC%

A!s)er: All the efforts of the author are futile2 (irst- because the traditio! evolveso! the axis of 8mam Abdur Razza@=s sanad- later the said author refere!ced .ala$ilal1Nub))a of 8mam al1Baiha@i2 8t )as his dut$ to @uote the sa!ad of 8mam AbdurRazza@ a!d 8mam Baiha@i a!d their !arrators from the books of asma al-rijal- so that

our ob4ectio! )ould have bee! a!s)ered that the sa!ad of the hadith is !ot k!o)!28mam Abdur Razza@ )as Shia althou+h he )as !ot fa!atic " hali%- but he me!tio!sma!$ a matters si!+ularl$ a!d is !ot su''orted b$ a!$o!e else2 7e have )ritte!)ith the refere!ce of 8mam 8b! =Adi that Abdur Razza@ has me!tio!ed suchtraditio!s i! faza$il that are !ot !arrated b$ a!$o!e else2 #oreover- his !e'he)Ahmad bi! Abdullah i!cor'orated false traditio!s i! his book2 Shah Abdul Aziz "ma$Allah have merc$ o! him% cou!ted the #usa!!af Abdur Razza@ i! third cate+or$-)hile the sahih !arratio! of 'awwlu ma khalaq Allah al-qalam' the first thi!+ Allahcreated )as 'e!O is a+ai!st it2 Mour A=la Hadhrat himself sa$s that 'roof is !ecessar$to believe a hadith or to attribute it to the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace%- it is u!la)ful to attribute hadith to him )ithout 'roof2 "=8rfa!1e1Shari=at-

'art 9- ' ?;%

8t is ver$ clear that a hadith ca!!ot be 'roved )ithout sa!ad a!d certificatio! of its!arrators2 *he hadith about 'e! me!tio!ed b$ us )as @uoted from Abu .a)ud a!d*irmidhi a!d me!tio!ed that it )as declared sahih2 So- ho) ca! this hadith )hichhas !o sanad sta!d before it ha! Sahib Barel)i himself )rites: Some i+!ora!ti!dividuals- illicit mullahs a!d fake sufis 'rese!t baseless stor$ or 'robable orsimilar eve!t2 *he$ are so mi!dless or the$ 'ro4ect themselves so a!d do !otu!dersta!d that )eak must be left before sahih- like)ise muta'ayyan "certai!% beforemuhtamal "'robable%- muhkam "clearcut% before mutashabih "va+ue%2 "=8rfa!1e1Shari=at- 'art <- ' ?K%

27



Seco!dl$- most of the refere!ces +ive! b$ the author are from the books of his AlaHadhrat like &afy al-0ay a!d Silat al-Safa etc- )hile i! Silat al-Safa ha! Sahibattributes this hadith to 8mam Abdur Razza@ as he )rites: *he teacher of Sa$$id!a8mam Ahamd bi! Ha!bal "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him% a!d the teacher=s teacherof 8mam Bukhari a!d 8mam #uslim i2e2 Hafiz al1Hadith 8mam Abdur Razza@ Abu

Bakr bi! Humam !arrated this hadith i! #usa!!af from Sa$$id!a Fabir bi! Sa$$id!aAbdullah al1A!sari "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith them%2 *he book #usa!!af AbdurRazza@ is 'ublished !o)2 7e shall be hi+hl$ tha!kful to the author a!d his +rou' tolocate the hadith i! #usa!!af2 His A'la Hadhrat himself )rites i! Silat al-Safa 'a+e 9:A similar hadith )as !arrated b$ 8mam Baiha@i i! .ala$il al1Nubu))a2 8t i!dicatesthat the traditio! !arrated b$ 8mam Baiha@i does !ot have the same )ords as the!arratio! of 8mam Abdur Razza@- other)ise A=la Hadhrat )ould have re+arded itsame !ot similar si!ce #uhaddithi! use such terms "like similar% i! order todescribe riwayah bil-ma'na "!o!1literal re'orti!+%- see Tadrib al-+awi 9< etc2 a!dsi!ce the mai! )ord of the !arratio! is !ur- therefore the co!text of ha! Sahibseemi!+l$ co!ve$s that 'erha's the )ord !ur is !ot 'rese!t i! the !arratio! of.ala$il al1Nubu))a of al1Baiha@i2 /erha's this )as the reaso! that ha! Sahib did!ot @uote its )ords- other)ise he )ould !ot have overlooked it at such a! occasio!2Ho)ever- the realit$ ca! o!l$ be k!o)! after observi!+ the )ords of .ala$il al1Nubu))a a!d the sanad of the hadith

*hirdl$- the said author has @uoted detailed a!d short texts of some elders )hichsu''ort the vie) that the !ur of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%)as created first- a!d this stre!+the!s the 'ositio! of the hadith2 He refers to=Allama Bus!a)i as havi!+ said that the ruh of the /ro'het )as created first2 But allthese refere!ces are of !o use si!ce a hadith is reliable o!l$ )ith co!ti!uous sanad

a!d reliable co!ditio! of the !arrators2 Fust @uoti!+ a hadith )ill !ot make it sahiha!d !either it )ill be co!sidered reliable a!d authe!tic- s'eciall$ )he! it isme!tio!ed b$ those )ho are merel$ sufi a!d sai!t a!d have !o ex'ertise i! thescie!ce of scruti!$ of haidth2 #oreover- )e have )ritte! i! *a!@id #ati! "' <?1<9<%)ith refere!ces that !ur #uhammadi mea!s ruh #uhammadi a!d )e co!cludedthat !ur #uhammadi is the same ruh #uhammadi2

Had this hadith bee! sahih as it )as said b$ Sha$kh Abdul Ha@ #uhaddith i!#adari4 al1Nubu))a <:<- the! also it is !ot co!tradicti!+ a!$ ayat or hadith )iththis mea!i!+ therefore it is !ot )ro!+ to believe so2 But based u'o! this hadith it isabsolutel$ )ro!+ a!d baseless to re4ect the clear1cut nusus a!d de!$ his bei!+

bashar a!d huma! bei!+ as some bid'atis "i!!ovators% do2 8t is re+retful that !eitherthe said author has @uoted out text !or does he refer to it- let alo!e re'l$i!+ it-)hereas it is i!cumbe!t u'o! him to +ive refere!ce- but )hat he has to do )ith 4ustice a!d ho!est$ *he$ 4ust aim at collecti!+ chea' a''laud from theirsu''orters a!d to @ue!ch their thirst of accusi!+ the ahl haq2

8! short- our ob4ectio! that the sanad of the hadith a!d reliabilit$ of the !arrators isu!k!o)! remai!s i!tact- it )as !ot $et re'lied2 8t is !othi!+ but childish 'erce'tio!that $ou have +ive! the re'l$ b$ me!tio!i!+ u!related matters a!d @uoti!+irreleva!t texts a!d refere!ces2 *he refere!ced sanad of the hadith a!d verificatio!of the !arrators from the books of asma al-rijal is still i! dema!d2

Seco!d Jb4ectio!

28



#a)lvi 0hulam Rasul Sa=eedi has 'osed seco!d ob4ectio! that )e .eoba!dis sa$ thatthe /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )as !ot created first rather 'e!)as created- as he )rites:

*he re'l$ of

awwaliyat idhafi

"Relative /rimac$%

"<% Sarfaraz sahib has 'osed seco!d ob4ectio! to re4ect the hadith of Fabir "ma$ Allahbe 'leased )ith him% sa$i!+ that the /ro'het )as !ot the first creatio!- ratheraccordi!+ to #a)dhuat abir 'e! )as first created2 8t is me!tio!ed i! *a!@id #ati!' <<C that this sahih hadith sho)s that the 'e! of desti!$ )as first created- so it isu!acce'table to +ive 'e! relative 'rimac$ i!stead of +ivi!+ it real 'rimac$ )ith !oreaso!2

"?% #a)lvi sahib has sile!tl$ admitted that his !ur )as referred as first created i!#ir@at ' < a!d Fam=u al17asa$il- )hile the same books assert that !ur refers to

ruh2 #a)lvi sahib k!e) that had he @uoted the text of #ir@at the castle of .eoba!d)ould crash do)!- so he ate it u' smartl$ co!sideri!+ it 2uris of .i)ali2 *he text)hich he fears to @uote is hereu!der: D=Allama 8b! Ha4ar sa$s that the !arratio!s offirst creatio! are differe!t- the summar$ of )hich- as 8 have me!tio!ed i! SharhShama$il *irmidhi- is that certai!l$ the first creatio! )as the !ur out of )hich the/ro'het )as created- the! the )ater a!d the *hro!e2D Jbviousl$- #ulla Ali al1,aridoes !ot alo!e re+ard it real 'rimac$ but 8b! Ha4ar also asserts the same2 *he authorof Azhar a!d cou!tless ulama have cate+oricall$ declared the first 'rimac$ of !ur#uhammadi- as )e have alread$ @uoted the refere!ces2

"9% 8t is )ritte! i! Azhar that Allah #ost Hi+h )rote do)! the @ua!tit$ of creatio!sfift$ thousa!d $ears before the birth of the heave!s a!d the earths- )hile His*hro!e at that time )as s'read at )ater i2e2 the *hro!e )as created before the /e!)as created a!d thi!+s )ere )ritte!- the *hro!e )as brou+ht i!to bei!+ a!d it )ass'read over )ater2 "Sahih #uslim% Sa$$id!a 8b! Abbas "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ithhim% )as asked about the verse: D )hile His thro!e )as o! )aterD "<<:;%- that thethro!e )as o! )ater a!d )here the )ater )as He re'lied: the )ater )as o! air2 "al1Baiha@i% So- it )as k!o)! that the 'e! )as created after air- )ater a!d thro!e- a!dthe first thi!+ created )as the !ur #uhammadi- as )e have ex'lai!ed i! al1#a)ridli al1#a)lid2

"% Sha$kh Abdul Ha@ #uhaddith .ehla)i )rites i! #adari4 al1Nubu))a "?:?%:behold3 the first creatio! a!d the medium of creati!+ the )orld a!d Adam )as the!ur of #uhammad "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% as it is me!tio!ed i! sahihhadith that Allah #ost Hi+h first created his !ur2 "8! !ext li!es he me!tio!s thatmi!d )as also called to be first created- but the hadith is !ot 'roved accordi!+ tothe scholars of hadith- the! he me!tio!ed 'e! a!d co!cluded :% So it )as k!o)!that some thi!+s )ere alread$ created before 'e! a!d those )ere the *hro!e- haira!d souls- )hile !ur #uhammadi )as first of all created2 So- )e ca! sa$ that ma kaanmea!s the attributes a!d co!ditio!s of the !ur a!d ma yakun mea!s the matters)hich )ill a''ear later i! the )orld2

*he author )rites: see the )ords of #ulla Ali ,ari- the author of Azhar a!d the i!1de'th research of Sha$kh Abdul Ha@ #uhaddith a!d co!+ratulate #a)lvi Sarfaraz

29



for his )eak stud$2 8! his e!mit$ to)ards the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% he madl$ 'roved that 'e! )as first created )hile i! fact it )as created atfourth 'ositio!2 7he! the #esse!+er of Allah "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%himself declared that the 'e! )as created after the thro!e a!d )ater a!d thus it'roved that !ur had real 'rimac$- so ho) he dared to co!tradict the #esse!+er

"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% b$ +ivi!+ 'e! the same 'ositio!2 7hether the'ro'hetic stateme!t is i!si+!ifica!t i! $our u!rul$ madhhab *he door of tawba"re'e!ta!ce% is !ot still closed- )e si!cerel$ advise $ou to tur! to the hereafter a!dre'e!t to Allah- other)ise the book 'iles )ill be sufficie!t e!ou+h to destro$ $ou-a!d the )ealth accumulated out of it )ill be of !o avail2

">% 8t does !ot +o a+ai!st us )hat Sarfaraz Sahib has )ritte! that !ur mea!s ruh as#ulla Ali ,ari has stated2 (irst- because )hether it is !ur or ruh- the result is thesame i2e2 he )as first created2 Seco!dl$- it does !ot su''ort his vie) it )ould havesu''orted him had there bee! differe!ce bet)ee! ruh a!d !ur2 #ulla Ali ,ari sa$s:as far as both the hadith i! )hich he sa$s that his !ur a!d his ruh )as created first-both have similar mea!i!+ si!ce ruhs "souls% are made of !ur2

"K% Sarfaraz Sahib )rites that the researcher comme!tators of hadith a!d historia!shave !ot me!tio!ed !ur )he! the$ discussed the first created thi!+s a!dme!tio!ed 'e!- thro!e- mi!d etc2 "*a!@id <<C%

8! res'o!se- )e sa$ that )e have 'reviousl$ @uoted the texts of 8mam Abdur Razza@-8mam Baiha@i- 8mam Ahmad ,ustala!i- 8mam Qur@a!i- Abdul ,adir al1Faza$iri- #ullaAli al1,ari Ha!afi- Sha$kh Abdul Ha@ #uhaddith a!d others2 .eliberate the textsa!d see )hether these elder imams me!tio! !ur #uhamamdi to be first created or

!ot 8t is a!other matter that those )ho are occu'ied b$ malice to)ards the/ro'het are !ot able to see !ur #uhammadi i! the texts2

";% Sarfaraz Sahib )rites ob4ecti!+ to the hadith of Sa$$id!a Fabir "ma$ Allah be'leased )ith him% that its sanad is u!k!o)! a!d 8mam Abdur Razza@ )as a Shiathou+h !ot a stau!ch o!e2 He added that 8mam Abdur Razza@ me!tio!ed ma!$ alo!e traditio!s s'eciall$ i! fazayil )hich are !ot !arrated b$ others2 "summarizedfrom *a!@id- ' <C% 8t is !ot 4ust to tur! do)! the hadith of 8mam Abdur Razza@)ith mere attributio! of Shiaism2 Sha$kh Abdul Ha@ sa$s i! #u@addima of Sharh#ishk)at about the !arratio!s of ahl al-bid'a "i!!ovators% that accordi!+ to'referred o'i!io!- the !arratio! of a! i!!ovator is !ot acce'table if it hel's his

thou+ht or su''orts it- a!d it )ill be acce'table if it is !ot so2 8t is )ritte! )ith therefere!ce of Fami= al1Usul that the imams of hadith have acce'ted the !arratio!s ofha)ari4- ,adaris- Ra)afidh a!d other ahl al-bid'a2 5et 8mam Abdur Razza@ if he )asa Shia- but Baiha@i )as !ot so )ho has !arrated this hadith i! .ala$il al1Nubu))a2#oreover- 8mam Abdur Razza@ did !ot !arrate it alo!e- rather outsta!di!+ ulamahave stated that !ur #uhammadi )as first created )e have alread$ @uoted theirtexts2 *herefore- Sarfaraz Sahib is )ro!+ to sa$ that he !arrated ma!$ suchtraditio!s )hich are !ot su''orted from a!$ other side2

"% omme!ti!+ the traditio!s of !ur #uhammadi to be first created #a)lviSarfaraz sa$s )h$ #uslims should +ive far ex'la!atio! to the ,ura!ic verses a!d

sahih mutawatir hadiths 4ust for the sake of these false a!d fake traditio!s2 Allah

30



forbid- )h$ should #uslims deserve divi!e 'u!ishme!t b$ re4ecti!+ them a!d makethemselves fuel of %ahannam "*a!@id <<%

5et us have a look at the +rou' of #a)lvi Sarfaraz ho) much of their elite )ith jubba a!d turba! have become fuel of Faha!!am2 *he leader of .eoba!d #a)lvi

,asim Na!ota)i )rites i! res'o!se to the first mahzur of the te! mahzurs1 See- theruh of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is i! fact characterized )ithori+i!al nubuwwa )hile the ruhs "souls% of the other 'ro'hets de'e!d o! ittherefore he had to be adva!ced i! time- but the s'iritual created!ess does !ote!tail 'h$sical birth2 8f $ou thi!k other)ise $ou must 'rove it a!d dis@ualif$ thestateme!ts like Dm$ !ur )as first createdD2

*his text of the axis of .eoba!d establishes the follo)i!+ 'oi!ts: "<% *he !ur#uhammadi )as first created2 "?% *he /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%is mawquf alaih "base% for all 'ro'hets- ma$ 'eace be u'o! them2 "9% His 'ro'hethoodis bi al-zat "self1existe!t% )hile that of the other 'ro'hets is bi al-'rdh "de'e!de!t%2*he hadith "awwlu ma khalaq Allah nuri% is !ot o!l$ reliable- but the fou!der of.eoba!d re4ected !umerous ,ura!ic verses b$ ar+ui!+ )ith it- as )e shall me!tio!it in-shaAllah2

#a)lvi ,asim sa$s summarizi!+ the 'roofs i! *ahzir al1Naas- ' 9: As far as hisbei!+ 'ro'het as i!termediar$ a!d self1existe!t a!d the other 'ro'hets bei!+ asde'e!de!t o! him a!d ema!ated from him- it +oes back to the se!se of khatimiyat "fi!alit$ of 'ro'hethood% )hich 8 have elaborated i! detail2D

*he!- the author )rites: 8t is !ot hidde! from the scholars that o!e )ho is mawsuf bi

al-'arz "characterized )ith de'e!de!t @ualit$%- the @ualit$ is !ot attached to him-rather the @ualit$ is attached to mawsuf bi al-zat "self existe!t or characterised )ithori+i!al @ualit$%- but the mawsuf bi al-'arz is +ive! the 'ositio! of mawsuf o!l$ due tothe attachme!t of it )ith mawsuf bi al-zat 2 (or exam'le- moveme!t is !ot attached)ith o!e )ho is aboard a shi'- but he is called movi!+ si!ce he is attached to shi')hich is li!k2 So- this e!tails that the characteristic of nubuwwa is !ot attached toother 'ro'hets a!d the$ )ere called !abi as meta'hor 4ust due to their com'ariso!)ith the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%2 #a)lvi ,asim b$ de!$i!+the 'ro'hethood of the 'ro'hets re4ected the hu!dreds of the verses of the ,ura!2Allah #ost Hi+h sa$s i! the ,ura!: D7e make !o divisio! bet)ee! a!$ of Hismesse!+ersD "9:?>% =Allama Abu al1Sa=ud said: therefore there should be made !o

divisio! bet)ee! the messe!+ers i! the se!se of risala "messe!+ershi'%- !ot i! otherexclusive attributes2 *he said author sa$s- !o) $ou should see the lo+ic of themesse!+er of .eoba!d3 He made differe!ces bet)ee! the risala of the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% a!d other 'ro'hets2 He re+arded the @ualit$ ofnubuwwa as ori+i!al a!d de!ied the same for others2 *his is based o! the same claim)hich he sometimes ex'resses as mawquf 'alaih a!d sometime as awwal ma khalaq Allah nuri Ho) stra!+e it is3

No) let me @uestio! Sarfaraz Sahib if this hadith is false a!d fabricated- )hat )ill hecomme!t )he! his a!cestor believes it to be correct 7ho- b$ sticki!+ to such ahadith- is re4ecti!+ the texts of the ,ura! a!d sahih a!d mutawatir hadiths A!d )ho

i!ve!ted this belief based o! a false hadith As a 'oet said: 4h" us"d t$ blam" m",wh"r"as a*tually th" blam" turn"d t$ him4

31



7ould $ou allo) me to sa$ that #a)lvi ,asim Na!otavi )as cau+ht i! the cob)eb of Sata! a!d misi!ter'reted the ascertai!ed texts of the ,ura! a!d sahih muta)atirhadiths- a!d Allah forbid he made himself 're$ of Allah=s 'u!ishme!t a!d madehimself fuel of jahannam2 #oreover- the fact is that the zilli a!d buruzi nabi 'rescribed

b$ ,asim Sahib i! *ahzir al1Nas- #irza "0hulam Ahmad% the accursed follo)ed himb$ claimi!+ 'ro'hethood a!d the .eoba!dis ca!!ot +et rid of this ar+ume!t2

8f $ou are !ot satisfied- see this is Hakim al1Ummat )ho- accordi!+ to $ourstateme!t- has falle! i! lo)er +rades of jahannam b$ !arrati!+ false hadith2 Heme!tio!ed this hadith of Sa$$id!a Fabir "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him% a!d the!'ut a !ote sa$i!+: D*his hadith 'roves that !ur #uhammadi )as first created i! real'rimac$ si!ce the other thi!+s )hich )ere called first created- the hadith clearl$me!tio!s that those thi!+s )ere created after !ur #uhammadi2 D "Nashr al1*eeb- ';% No)- see this hakim )ashed off all $our efforts- $ou do !ot co!sider it real'rimac$ i! a!$ )a$- but the Hakim al1Ummat of *ha!a Bha)a! re+ards the real'rimac$ as established2 No)- either $ou admit $our i+!ora!ce a!d kiss his feet orhurl him i! jahannam after calli!+ him i+!ora!t a!d hollo)ed2 *his matter isbet)ee! $ou a!d $our elders2 7e have sho)ed $ou the mid)a$ of reco!ciliatio!2"summarized- ' <KC1<;C%

A!s)er: *he said author- i! all his ob4ectio!s- 'roved himself to be stee'ed i!i+!ora!ce i! )hose )hirl'ool he ke't o! diva+ati!+ throu+hout the )hole book a!dis fi!di!+ !o )a$ out2 He has fulfilled the custom of his elders as )ell that heoverlooki!+ 4ust like 'i+eo! 'icked u' i!com'lete texts out of ori+i!al a!d com'leteo!es a!d the! started )ra!+li!+2 He +ave the texts self ex'ressio! a!d thereu'o!

be+a! easi!+ his co!scie!ce2 Alas to such k!o)led+e a!d ho!est$- a!d )oe to such aresearch3 No)- 'lease !ote the a!s)ers i! the same order:

"<% As )e have @uoted the hadith of 'e! bei!+ first created )ith the refere!ce ofhadith books alo!+ )ith its sanad a!d its reliable status- this )as the moral a!dacademic obli+atio! of the said author "a!d still is% to @uote the hadith of !ur to befirst created from a!$ authe!tic hadith book alo!+ )ith its sanad a!d its reliable'ositio!2 But- he failed to do so a!d he ca! !either do so i!1sha1Allah2 So- )he! thehadith of 'e! "awwlu ma khalaq Allah al-qalam% is me!tio!ed i! hadith books a!d themuhaddithin have ex'licitl$ re+arded it sahih- the! )h$ it should !ot be +ive! first'rimac$ rather tha! the u!fou!ded hadith si!ce accordi!+ to $our A'la Hadhrat a

hadith must be 'roved to be follo)ed2 A!d $ou a!d $our +rou' is u!able to fulfil thiscriteria2 Mou must me!tio! the sanad throu+h )hich this hadith )as !arrated- sothat the discussio! comes to a! e!d forever2

"?% 7e have ex'lai!ed i! *a!@id #ati! ' <?- <9C- <9< )ith the refere!ce of Sharh al1Shifa of #ulla Ali al1,ari- #ir@at- Nasim al1Ri$az of al1hifa4i a!d Nashr al1*eeb ' >that !ur #uhammadi mea!s ruh #uhammadi2 A!d later )e said: if this hadith is'roved sahih as Sha$kh Abdul Ha@ has claimed i! #adari4 al1Nubu))a <:< the! it is!ot co!tradicti!+ )ith a!$ other hadith i! this se!se therefore there is !o reaso! tore4ect it2 Mes- it is e!tirel$ )ro!+ a!d baseless to re4ect the ascertai!ed a!d clear8slamic texts a!d de!$ the /ro'het bei!+ bashar a!d huma! as some i!!ovators do2

"*a!@id #ati! <9<%

32



No)- tell me ho) after this ex'la!atio! the castle of .eoba!d is u!der attack b$ therefere!ce of Mirqat a! it move a!$ brick or cla$ or eve! 'laster from its 'laceRather the castle of .eoba!d is stre!+the!ed b$ such refere!ces- as the se!se +ive!b$ #ulla Ali ,ari i! #ir@at is similarl$ ex'lai!ed b$ Hadhrat *ha!)i i! Nashr al1*eeb2 A!d the co!tradictio! i! our text "as this is obvious from the text of *a!@id

#ati!% mea!s that the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is believed as a!ur )hich e!tails to re4ect his huma!it$ that is 'roved from the ,ura! a!dmutawatir Hadiths- this thi!+ is co!tradicti!+2 But the said author- due to lack ofk!o)led+e a!d because of i+!ora!ce co!siders that the hadith of 'e! isco!tradicti!+ the hadith of !ur a!d some scholars i!ter'ret o!e as real first a!d theseco!d as relativel$ first2 *hou+h to us the hadith of !ur is !ot established )ithrefere!ce to its sanad, as )e have alread$ elaborated but if this hadith is 'roved toalri+ht- the! also the )ord !ur )ill mea! ruh as )e have ex'lai!ed si!ce this )ill!ot co!tradict a!$ other )ord of hadith a!d )ill e!tail !o harm because accordi!+to this ex'la!atio!- he as 'erso! )ill be bashar a!d as @ualit$ )ill be !ur2

7e have ex'lai!ed i! *a!@id #ati! that u!doubtedl$ #ulla Ali ,ari me!tio!s his!ur as first created a!d re+ards it as 'referred- )hile Hafiz 8b! Ha4ar @uotesdiffere!ce of o'i!io!s but 'refers the hadith of 'e! a!d re+ards it sahih- as )e haveme!tio!ed this discussio! i! *a!@id #ati! @uoti!+ from #a)dhu=at abirtherefore it is mere shameless!ess to state that Hafiz 8b! Ha4ar a!d #ulla Ali ,arihold similar vie)s2 Hafiz 8b! Ha4ar re4ects the hadith of !ur tech!icall$ to bei!cluded i! the realm of first created thi!+s- !ot that he su''orts it- as the saidauthor thi!ks due to his i+!ora!ce2 5ike)ise- the texts of #uslim Ulama a!d Azhaardeclare his !ur as first created a!d ma!$ other ulama have me!tio!ed so- but the'oi!t of dis'ute is )hat is established as first created thi!+ accordi!+ to sahih

hadith *here is !o dis'ute abut the stateme!ts a!d @uotes of ulama2 #a$ Allah +iveu!dersta!di!+ to the said author3

"9% *he hadith me!tio!ed i! the book Azhaar )ith the refere!ce of Sahih #uslim is:DAllah )rote the desti!$ of the creature fift$ thousa!d $ears before the heave!s a!dthe earth )ere created- )hile His *hro!e )as resti!+ o! )ater2D "Sahih #uslim?:99>%

*his sahih a!d marfu' hadith im'lies that the desti!$ of creatures )as )ritte! fift$thousa!d $ears before the birth of heave!s a!d earths- it !o )here me!tio!s 'e!-ma$be the 'e! of desti!$ )as created lo!+ before it- but )rote it fift$ thousa!d

$ears before the creatio! of heave!s a!d earth- as the material of earth )as createdbefore the birth of heave!s a!d earth )as s'read later o!2 Ho)ever- the hadith ofSahih #uslim does !ot co!ve$ a!$ se!se about 'e! )ith suret$2 But- it i!directl$i!dicates that the thro!e a!d )ater )ere created before the heave!s a!d earth- as8mam Na)a)i al1Shafi=i "d2 K;K AH% )rites: D)hile His thro!e )as at )aterO i2e2before the creatio! of heave!s a!d earth2 A!d Allah k!o)s best2 "Sharh #uslim?:99>%

*his co!clusio! of the author of Azhaar i2e2 the thro!e )as created before the birthof 'e! a!d )riti!+ a!d the thro!e )as s'read over )ater as #uslim !arrated- is his'erso!al a!d homemade theor$ )hich is !arrated b$ some other scholars as )ell

eve! some called it Dal-asahD "most reliable% )hile some @uoted the u!a!imit$ ofe!tire #uslim scholars about the same- but the hadith of #uslim makes !o me!tio!

33



of it2 Similarl$- the mawquf hadith of Sa$$id!a 8b! =Abbas "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ithhim% 'roves o!l$ this exte!t that the )ater )as resti!+ o! the back of air !eitherthis !e+ates that 'e! )as first created !or that it )as created after the birth of thethi!+s me!tio!ed above- as this is obvious a!d !ot hidde! from a!$ sa!e 'erso!25ike)ise- the stateme!t of the author i! bracket "it 'roves that the 'e! )as created

after the air- )ater a!d thro!e% is )ro!+ co!clusio! of him a!d his 'redecessors2*his hadith does !ot su''ort it2 *he claim made fi!all$ b$ the author of AzhaarDfirst created thi!+ )as !ur #uhammadi as 8 have me!tio!ed it i! al1#a)rid li al1#a)lid is sheer hollo)ed claim2 7e re@uire 'roof from a hadith )hich is sahih a!dhas its sanad a!d )hich is re+arded as reliable b$ muhaddithi! that the !ur#uhammadi )as first created2 But this is !ot established b$ the fallible stateme!t of the author of Azhaar a!d !ever ca! it be2 But- it is re+retful that the said author a!dhis *$-maslak ulama have !o se!se to u!dersta!d a!d the$ !either believe that claima!d ar+ume!t should co!form to each other2

*here is !o doubt that Sha$kh Abdul Ha@ #uhaddith .ehla)i )hile me!tio!i!+ thefirst created thi!+s has claimed that the hadith of !ur #uhammadi is sahih2 But- the'oi!t of dis'ute bet)ee! us a!d the ahl al-bid'a "i!!ovators% is the hadith of !ur i2e2i! )hich hadith book it is me!tio!ed- )hat is its sand a!d )hat is the status of it Abaseless !arratio! ca!!ot be re+arded sahih o!l$ because Sha$kh Abdul Ha@ "ma$Allah have merc$ o! him% called it so2 8! order to 'rove a hadith it is !ecessar$ to'roduce sanad

His !ext co!clusio!s are based o! the false !otio! that the said hadith is sahih-)hereas i! 'ri!ci'le authe!ticit$ of the hadith is i! !o )a$ is established2 Here+arded the hadith of mi!d bei!+ first created as dhayif )ith the refere!ce of

muhaqqiqin but he @uoted the hadith of 'e! bei!+ first created a!d comme!ted it)ith the follo)i!+ )ords: Dthe hadith of 'e! bei!+ first created is also !arrated- butit mea!s that it )as created after the thro!e a!d )ater as it is !arrated that )hileHis thro!e )as o! )ater2D "#adari4 al1Nubu))a ?:?%

*his should al)a$s be !oted that !o stateme!t ca! be called research1orie!ted i!com'ariso! to a sahih hadith2 7he! the hadith of 'e! bei!+ first created is sahih-the! )h$ o!l$ Sarfaraz rather ever$ #uslim should )holeheartedl$ believe it out oflove to)ards the /ro'het a!d other stateme!ts com'ared to it shall be +ive! a'ro'er a!d fitti!+ ex'la!atio!- a!d if !o ex'la!atio! is 'ossible the$ should bere4ected si!ce ima! dema!ds the same2 Had m$ humble stud$ !ot bee! dee' a!d

exte!sive- 8 )ould have stick to the baseless hadith bli!dl$ a!d )ould have !o accessto sahih hadith2 But )ith the exclusive +race of Allah- 8 had access to it- a!d this isthe +race of Allah )hich He +ives to )hom He likes3

As for the comme!t of the said author b$ !e+lecti!+ the facts a!d ridi!+ the horseof jahl murakkab "double i+!ora!ce% D)he! the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ivehim 'eace% himself said that the 'e! )as created after the thro!e a!d )ater- the!ho) he "Sarfaraz% dared re4ect itD- this is a! ex'ositio! of his i!!er im'urit$ a!d'ure fabricatio! a!d accusatio! si!ce it is !ever !arrated from the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% clearl$ that 'e! )as created after the thro!e a!d)ater2 *his is 'erso!al co!clusio! of some scholars2 a! there be a #uslim )ho-

Allah forbid- dares re4ect the established stateme!t of the /ro'het a! he remai!#uslim b$ doi!+ so Never3

34



Are )e !ot- i! the )ords of the said author- ri+ht to sa$ that he- Allah forbid- re4ectsthe sahih hadith of 'e! out of malice to)ards the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ivehim 'eace%2 Ho) did he +ather this coura+e Has his u!rul$ maslak tau+ht him tobehave i! this )a$ Jr he is be!t to re4ect the sahih hadith of the i!fallible /ro'het

"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% i! vie) of the fallible stateme!ts a!d o'i!io!s2Allah forbid3 He should re'e!t to Allah- the door of tauba is still o'e!- other)ise thetast$ dishes of s$y"m, *h"hlum a!d urs a!d the s)eets of yarahwin sharif )ill !otdeliver him from divi!e 'u!ishme!t2 He the! )ould have to re+ret- but re+retti!+)ill be of !o avail )he! the due time )ill 'ass b$2

8 +ai!ed !o )orldl$ be!efit or retur! from m$ books a!d !either 8 i!te!ded thesame as the said author had )ro!+l$ assumed2 But )ith Allah=s +race- thousa!ds of#uslims re'e!ted from shirk a!d bid'a due to m$ refere!ced a!d reliable books2

">% *he ce!tral 'oi!t of our sta!d is that it is )ro!+ to believe i! the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% as !ur i! a )a$ that e!tails to !e+ate his huma!it$2 8tamou!ts to re4ect the ,ura! a!d mutawatir Hadiths )hich i! itself is kufr 2 "#a$ Allahforbid3% 8f the hadith of !ur bei!+ first created is 'roved sahih a!d !ur im'lies forruh- it is alri+ht as this does !ot co!tradict the ,ura! a!d Hadith2 7e haveelaborated it i! *a!@id #ati! )hich the said author dra!k u' co!sideri!+ Sa!dalSherbet2 *he theme of our claim is !ot that the first created is 'e! or !ur#uhammadi2 A!$ of the t)o )ill 'rove real first- the seco!d )ill automaticall$ tur!relative2 But- accordi!+ to our k!o)led+e- the hadith of 'e! is sahih a!d establishedtherefore it is !ot +ood to aba!do! it for the sake of fallible stateme!ts a!do'i!io!s2 As far as the stateme!t of #ulla Ali ,ari "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% is

co!cer!ed that ruhs "souls% are made of !urit is alri+ht si!ce ruh is defi!ed b$ somescholars as soft substa!ce diffused i! the bod$- )hile i! other )ords this softsubsta!ce is called li+ht1made2 But- this +ives !o adva!ta+e to the said author a!d!either it harms us- as it is !ot hidde!2

"K% 8mam Abdur Razza@ a!d 8mam Baiha@i are !either comme!tators of Hadith !orthe$ discussed the dis'ute of first created thi!+s2 *he$- accordi!+ to $our =AlaHadhrat- o!l$ @uoted the hadith of !ur )hose credibilit$ is dis'uted2 8mam,ustala!i a!d =Allama Qur@a!i !o doubt @uote the hadith of !ur a!d seemi!+l$ +iveit 'refere!ce2 But these t)o scholars are sirat )riters "bio+ra'hists% a!d the books of sirat co!tai! ever$ ki!d of hadith reliable a!d u!reliable )ith !o disti!ctio! a!d

research2 So- $our =Ala Hadhrat himself )rites at a 'lace about #a=ari4 al1Nubu))a:D*he book co!tai!s ever$ ki!d of !arratio! reliable a!d u!reliable2D "AhkamShariat ?:<?% *herefore- )e have bracketed it )ith researcher comme!tators ofhadith a!d historia!s2 Nevertheless- these scholars !ot o!l$ me!tio! the 'rimac$ of!ur- rather the$ do !ot overlook the seco!dar$ 'rimac$ as )ell- as the$ )rite:

Dal1Suddi !arrated )ith !umerous chai!s that Allah #ost Hi+h did !ot create a!$thi!+ from the creature before )ater2 So- this hadith a!d the hadith of Sa$$id!a Fabir a!d Abu Razi! ca! thus be ex'lai!ed that the 'rimac$ of creati!+ 'e! is a'artfrom the creatio! of !ur #uhammadi- )ater a!d thro!e2 7hile some ex'lai! that'rimac$ of all the thi!+s me!tio!ed above is i! com'ariso! to their cate+or$ i2e2 the

first thi!+ amo!+ nurs "li+hts% )hich Allah created )as m$ !ur2 8! the same )a$-amo!+ the thi!+s )hich )rite- the 'e! )as first created )hich )rote the desti!ies2

35



7hile the thi!+ )hich ca! be called 'arsh "thro!e% )as the *hro!e of Allah- si!ce'arsh has several mea!i!+ as it is me!tio!ed i! al1,amus2 "al1#a)ahib & itsomme!tar$ b$ al1Qur@a!i <:%

*his ex'lai!s that 8mam Ahmad ,ustala!i )ho is author a!d 8mam Abdul Ba@i )ho

is comme!tator have e@uall$ described the seco!dar$ 'rimac$ a!d a''lied it'racticall$2 7hile- #ulla Ali ,ari is o!e of the comme!tators of Hadith a!d aresearcher too- )e have made a refere!ce to him i! *a!@id #ati!- ' <?2 Sha$khAbdul ,adir al1Faza$iri is a sai!t of sufi !ature- he is !ot o!e amo!+st the researchercomme!tators of Hadith2 7e ourselves have refere!ced Sha$kh Abdul Ha@ .ehla)ii! *a!@id o! 'a+e <9< that he co!siders the hadith as sahih2 *here are !ot o!l$these t)o 'erso!alities )ho are comme!tators of hadith- rather there are !umerouscomme!tar$ of hadith books )hose authors are researcher as )ell- but the$ do !otmake a!$ me!tio! of it2 Ho)ever- our )ords a!d the )ords of researchercomme!tators of hadith a!d historia!s are ver$ clear a!d the said author could !ot'rese!t a si!+le refere!ce exce't )hat )e have alread$ 'rese!ted2 But- if Sata! theaccursed made someo!e bli!d )ith stubbor!!ess a!d 're4udice a!d he is u!able tosee these )ords- the! )hat ca! )e do:If an $wl is unabl" t$ s"" in dayliht, h$w *an th" disk $f th" sun b" blam"d f$r th" sam"5 "as

sa$s a /ersia! cou'let%

";% A sanad is !ecessar$ i! order to establish a hadith- 8mam Abdullah bi! #ubarak"ma$ Allah have merc$ u'o! him% said: D sanad is a 'art of reli+io!- had there !otbee! sanad, ever$o!e )ill sa$ )hat he )ill like2D *herefore- a hadith has !o valueu!til its sanad a!d the credibilit$ of its !arrators is k!o)!2 8t is alri+ht that a!arratio! is !ot re4ected merel$ due to tashayyu' "bei!+ Shia% a!d bid'a "i!!ovatio!%

but the !arratio! of i!!ovators is u!acce'table )hich i!vites to 'ractice bid'a2"Sharh Nukhbat al1(ikr ;?- *adrib al1Ra)i ?<;- etc%2 *he !arratio! of a! i!!ovator)ho i!vites to bid'a is more doubtful )he! he si!+ularl$ !arrates it2 8mam AbdurRazza@ is si!+ular i! this hadith2 8mam Baiha@i follo)ed him much after2 So- thesi!+ularit$ of 8mam Abdur Razza@ is !ot made u' b$ the !arratio! of 8mam Baiha@i2U!til there is !o reliable !arrator )ith 8mam Baiha@i i!stead of 8mam Abdur Razza@a!d the hadith also has the same )ords )hich 8mam Abdur Razza@ !arrated- thehadith )ill remai! munfarid si!+ularl$ !arrated%2 5ike)ise- its tafarrud "si!+ularit$%)ill !ot be removed if the hadith is @uoted b$ ulama i! their books- as this is clear tothose )ho are familiar )ith the books of 'ri!ci'les of hadith2 *he tafarrud "si!+ularit$% of a !arrator )ill be removed o!l$ )he! he fi!ds a!$ mutabi'

"su''orti!+ !arrator%- other)ise the tafarrud )ill remai! as it is2 8mam 8b! haldu!"d2 C% sa$s that Abdur Razza@ bi! Humam )as a famous Shia2 He tur!ed bli!d i!his last da$s a!d used to mix the reliable a!d u!reliable traditio!s2 8mam =Adi statesthat he !arrated such hadiths i! virtues "cha'ter% )hich are !ot su''orted b$a!$o!e2 Also- he is attributed to tashayyu'2 "#u@addima 9?C- E+$'t%

#oreover- )e have )ritte! i! *a!@id #ati! ' <9< )ith the refere!ce of )ell1k!o)!Shiite book Usul al1afi that the belief of !ut about the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d+ive him 'eace% a!d Sa$$id!a Ali "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him% )as i!troduced b$the Shias2 *herefore- )he! a Shia !arrator !arrated a hadith )hich su''orts hisbelief )hile he !arrates it si!+ularl$- the! ho) much credible a!d reliable it could

be *he same se!se )as co!ve$ed b$ $our =Ala Hadhrat: "Urdu cou'let%

36



67"ry $ffs2rin $f y$ur 2ristin" lin"a" is mad" $f nur 8$u ar" wh$lly nur, and y$ur "ntir" h$us"h$ld is mad" $f nur

"Hada$i@ Bakhshish ?:C%

"% 8 )ish had the said author @uoted the hadiths recorded i! *a!@id #ati! o! 'a+es

<9? a!d <99 alo!+ )ith the refere!ce )hich said that these hadiths are false a!dfake a!d the$ )ere !arrated b$ liar !arrators so that the commo! #uslims k!e))hich hadiths )ere cited as fake a!d false b$ *a!@id a!d )hat is the 'roof of thembei!+ false But- the said author- follo)i!+ the footste's of his elders- resorted tol$i!+ a!d fabricatio! a!d mis+uided 'eo'le b$ devisi!+ va+ue 'hrase?2 7hat are+retful fabricatio! a!d lie3 *he readers are advised to stud$ *a!@id #ati! so thatthe truth is ex'osed2

See the i+!ora!ce a!d thick1)itted!ess of the said author that )e have )ritte! i!*a!@id #ati! ' <9<: if this hadith is established that !ur #uhammadi is the same asthe ruh #uhammadi- as Sha$kh Abdul Ha@ "ma$ Allah have merc$ u'o! him% has

claimed i! #adari4 <:<- the! it has !o co!tradictio! )ith a!$ clear stateme!t of the,ura! a!d Hadith therefore there is !o )ro!+ to acce't it2 Mes- re4ecti!+ the clear1cut ,ura!ic stateme!ts a!d de!$i!+ his bei!+ bashar a!d huma! bei!+- as somei!!ovators do- is absolutel$ )ro!+ a!d baseless2 Mou should observe this clearstateme!t a!d com'are it )ith the ob4ectio! of the said author to me after @uoti!+the irreleva!t text of Hadhrat Na!ota)i- ho) i!terco!!ected the$ are 7hereHadhrat Na!ota)i re4ected his huma!it$ a!d )here he aba!do!ed the clearstateme!ts of the ,ura! b$ re4ecti!+ his huma!it$ He admitted !ur #uhammadi tobe first created a!d held that the 'ro'hethood of other 'ro'hets "ma$ Allah be'leased )ith them% de'e!ds o! him- a!d he takes !ur i! the se!se of ruh2 So- i! the

text of #u!azara A4iba ' - some 'art of )hich )as me!tio!ed b$ the said author- hee@ualizes the ruh #uhammadi a!d the !ur #uhammadi2 A!d )e have also clarifiedthat there is !o )ro!+ i! +ivi!+ !ur the se!se of ruh as it did !ot e!tail !e+ati!+ hishuma!it$ a!d !either the ascertai!ed 8slamic sources2 B$ Allah=s +race- !either theto' most leader of .eoba!d has de!ied the ascertai!ed 8slamic sources !or hebecame the fuel of %ahannam2 Mes- $our sadr al-afazil must have become so b$ de!$i!+the ascertai!ed 8slamic sources i! his )ords: D*hose )ho call the 'ro'hets bashar)ere called kafir at !umerous 'laces i! the ,ura!- a!d i! fact such a )ord about the'ro'hets is a)a$ from res'ect a!d is a custom of the i!fidels2 B$ me!tio!i!+Hadhrat Na!ota)i- $ou have vai!l$ tried to relax $our disordered mi!d2

*he said author extracted four 'oi!ts from the text of Hadhrat Na!ota)i "ma$ Allahhave merc$ o! him%- !o!e of the same co!tradicts a!$ evide!ce from the ,ura! a!dHadith2 Rather- Allah forbid- ascertai!ed 8slamic sources are !e+ated b$ sa$i!+ thatthe /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )as !ot bashar a!d huma! bei!+2*he text of Hadhrat Na!ota)i does !ot !e+ate the ascertai!ed 8slamic sources i! theleast de+ree2 7e have alread$ elaborated that admitti!+ !ur #uhammadi "i! these!se of ruh #uhammadi% does !ot amou!t to re4ecti!+ the ascertai!ed 8slamicsources- rather it is so b$ de!$i!+ his bei!+ bashar2 *his is sheer i+!ora!ce a!dstu'idit$ of the said author that he thi!ks admitti!+ the hadith of !ur is

2" Commenting the traditions of nur Muhammadi to be first created Moli !arfara sa#s $h# Muslims

should gie far e%&lanation to the 'uranic erses and sahih mutawatir hadiths (ust for the sa)e of thesefalse and fa)e traditions* +llah forbid, $h# should Muslims desere diine &unishment b# re(ectingthem and ma)e themseles fuel of Jahannam." -.an/id

37



ta!tamou!t to !e+ati!+ nusus "the ascertai!ed 8slamic sources%- )hereas the se!seof ruh is 'roved i! his o)! texts2

*he .iscussio! of

asta fi al-urudh

"i!termediar$%

*he said author has @uoted a short text of *ahzir al1Nas ' 99- but he couldu!dersta!d )hat Hadhrat Na!ota)i "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% said- rather dueto i+!ora!ce a!d bias he re+arded him re4ecter of the 'ro'hethood of other'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% exce't that of Sa$$id!a #uhammad "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% a!d thus he deflated his heav$ heart2 *herefore- itseems 'ro'er to discuss this matter i! detail2

Hadhrat Na!ota)i "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% states that all the 'ro'hets "ma$'eace be u'o! them% are true messe!+ers from Allah- but !o 'ro'het is of the ra!k)hich he 'ossesses2 His 'ro'hethood is i!de'e!de!t a!d self1existe!t- )hile that ofthe other 'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% is seco!dar$ a!d de'e!de!t o! his2He is i!termediar$ for the 'ro'hethood of other 'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o!them%2 7e 'rese!t some extracts from his book verbatim- 'lease follo) it carefull$:

"<% 8 believe i! the 'ro'hethood of other 'ro'hets- but 8 believe there is !o!ee@ual to him2 "#u!azara A4iba ' >C%2

"?% He is characterized )ith i!de'e!de!t a!d self1existe!t 'ro'hethood- )hileother 'ro'hets 'ossess de'e!de!t 'ro'hethood their 'ro'hethood )asema!ated from him but his )as !ot ema!ated from a!$o!e2 *he chai! of'ro'hethood comes to a! e!d at him2 "*ahzir al1Nas %

"9% Mawsuf bi al-'ardh "subservie!t% comes to a! e!d u'o! mawsuf bi al-zat"i!de'e!de!t%2 As the attribute of mawsuf bi al-'ardh is derived from mawsuf bial-zat - the attribute of mawsuf bi al-'zat )hich is i!de'e!de!t a!d self existe!tis !ot derived from a!$thi!+ else2 (or exam'le- if the li+ht of earth-mou!tai!s a!d )alls is ema!ated from the su!- the li+ht of su! is !otema!ated from a!$o!e "from creature%2 B$ 'erso!al @ualit$- )e mea!t thismuch o!l$2 Ho)ever- if this is !ot characteristic to su!- so !ame a!$o!e a!dhe )ill become mawsuf bi al-zat a!d his li+ht )ill be self1existe!t !ot deriveda!d ema!ated from a!$o!e else2 "*ahzir al1Nas %

"% But obviousl$- most 'erfect )ill be the i!termediar$ )ho )ill be mawsuf bi al- zat for his de'e!de!ts thou+h he is also de'e!de!t i! com'ariso! to

someo!e else- as mirror )hile reflecti!+ li+ht o! )alls is i!termediar$ a!dself1existe!t com'ared to the )alls- )hile it is de'e!de!t if com'ared to thesu!2 "*ahzir al1Nas ' <>%

">% *he existe!ce of the )orld is !ot i!de'e!de!t rather de'e!de!t2 A!d herethe self existe!t substa!ce- )hich is !ecessar$ for ever$ de'e!de!t- is theexiste!ce )hich )as derived from the His Self- therefore it is called lazim zat"associated )ith Allah%2 8t is called sadir awwal, wujud munbasit a!d nafsrahmani b$ the researcher sufi$a2 No!e calls this existe!ce as 'ain zat "Allah%2"#u!azarah A4iba ' ;%

"K% Ho)ever- the mawsuf bi al-zat is su'erior to all mawsuf bi al-'ardh )hether the$exist or )ill exist- a!d !o!e 'ossesses com'rehe!sive a!d absolutesu'eriorit$ !ot shared b$ others2 "#u!azarah A4iba ' <<%

38



";% *he 'ro'hethood of the 'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% is the reflectio!of his 'ro'hethood2 *he chai! comes to a! e!d at his 'ro'hethood a!d thushis reli+io! is the abolisher of all other reli+io!s as the li+ht of su!overcomes the other li+hts2 "*asfi$at al1A@a$id- ' 9C%

"% 8t must have bee! clear to ever$o!e that the real source of existe!ce is !o!ebut the Absolute Existe!t i2e2 Allah2 7ho does !ot k!o) about his o)!existe!ce that it is de'e!de!t- !ot self1existe!t Jther)ise )e have bee!eter!al a!d )e )ould have bee! free from the defect of mortalit$ a!dde'e!de!ce2 A!d )he! the existe!ce is 'arzi "de'e!de!t%- all the attributes of existe!ce )ould com'letel$ be 'arzi2 7ith this discussio!- the co!ditio! ofthe co!!ectio! of )orld )ith its creator also )as someho) established2 A!dthis )as also 'roved that if someo!e else is called source- it is i! the se!sethat he receives the i!termediar$ attribute from the creator first a!d theothers receive the same throu+h him2 But- after all a 'art of the attribute 4ustlike the real i!termediar$ is commo! i! both2 "Aab1e1Ha$at- ' %

"% 8f $ou see the comme!tar$ of the verse Dthe /ro'het is closer to the believerstha! their o)! selves2D 99:KO $ou )ill fi!d it beari!+ )it!ess like the midda$su! that the #esse!+er of Allah "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is theori+i! of the souls of the believers2 A!d the co!tact a!d relatio! bet)ee! theruh of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% a!d the souls of thebelievers is the source )hich is fou!d i! intiza' "derivatio!% a!d si!ce it isestablished )ith the facts me!tio!ed i! the 'revious extracts that that intiza'"derivatio!% ca! take 'lace o!l$ bet)ee! t)o thi!+s2 So- the )ord intiza' itself bears )it!ess that the ruh of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% is i!termediar$ for others si!ce the ori+i! of intiza' is mawsuf bi al1 zat a!d the same ca! serve as i!termediar$2 But- to fi!d out the mawsuf bi al1 zat is!o eas$ la$me!- the middleclass mi!ded sometimes mistake mawsuf bi al1 zat as mawsuf bi al-'ardh a!d vice versa2 8t ha''e!s mostl$ i! intiza' related to fawqiat a!d tahtiat "u' a!d do)!%2 "Aab1e1Ha$at- ' <?%

"<C% So- the @ualit$ of bei!+ i!termediar$ or source is available 'erfectl$i! Allah alo!e- as )e have elaborated it alread$2 (or this reaso!- He should beco!sidered the Real Malik "#aster%2 8! the seco!d +rade- $ou ca! take themalikiyat "mastershi'% of Sa$$id!a #uhammad "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% si!ce he- accordi!+ to all researcher scholars- is the source of allema!atio!s a!d ori+i! of the e!tire )orld2 So- it i!dicates that the status ofwasila "i!termediatio!% for him is @uite ratio!al a!d a! i!dicatio! is

sufficie!t for )ise2 *his stre!+the!s the doubt that the hadith Dhad $ou !otbee! created 8 )ould have !ot created the u!iverseD is reliable as its co!te!tseems alri+ht2 "Aab1e1Ha$at- ' <K%

*hus- the$ are te! i! all2

*hese texts a!d extracts of Hadhrat Na!ota)i clearl$ state that the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is the source of ema!atio! a!d i!termediar$ for the'ro'hets "ma$ 'eace be u'o! them% a!d souls of the believers- rather for the e!tire)orld2 *his )as @uoted b$ the said author )ith the refere!ce of Sha$kh Abdul Ha@#uhaddith .ehla)i "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him%- )hich is as follo)s: DBehold-

the first creature a!d the source of creatio! of the u!iverse- the )orld a!d Sa$$id!aAdam is the !ur of Sa$$id!a #uhammad "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%2 As it

39



is me!tio!ed i! sahih hadith that the first thi!+ Allah created )as m$ !ur2 All theexiste!ce i! the heave! a!d earth )as created b$ the ema!atio! of the 'risti!esubsta!ceD "i2e2 )ith the ema!atio! of !ur- !ot that the$ )ere made of !ur as somei+!ora!t believe2 "Safdar% #adari4 al1Nubu))a ?:? a!d *a)dhih al1Ba$a!- ' <K?

8! short- Hadhrat #a)la!a #uhammad ,asim Na!ota)i "ma$ Allah have merc$ o!him% b$ calli!+ the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% i!termediar$ did!either o''ose a!$ ascertai!ed 8slamic text !or a!$ established stateme!t of the'ious salaf 2 5ike)ise- he is alri+ht i! re+ardi!+ the 'erso!alit$ of the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% as mawquf 'alaih "base% for other 'ro'hets "ma$ Allahhave merc$ o! them% a!d calli!+ his 'ro'hethood self1existe!t a!d the'ro'hethood of other 'ro'hets as de'e!de!t i! the se!se )hich )as described )iththe refere!ces of his books2 Similarl$- !o!e of our stateme!ts are i! co!tradictio!)ith a!$ text from Hadhrat Na!ota)i=s books- as this is !ot hidde! from a!$ 4usta!d )ise 'erso! i! vie) of our stateme!ts2 But as far as the stubbor! a!d 're4udiced'erso! is co!cer!ed- there is !o medici!e to cure his disease2

.e!ial of the /ro'hethood of other /ro'hets- Allah (orbid3

*he said author- due to i+!ora!ce of a clear term of lo+ic a!d follo)i!+ the footste'sof his elders- hurled this baseless 'oi!t that )he! the 'ro'hethood of the /ro'het"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is self1existe!t a!d that of other 'ro'hets isde'e!de!t- )hile he is i!termediar$ for their 'ro'hethood- the! it ma$ be calledthat the other 'ro'hets have !o 'ro'hethood- as o!e o!board a shi' is !ot i! fact i!moveme!t- rather it is the shi' )hich is movi!+- so it ca! be said that the 'erso!o!board has !o moveme!t2 8! this )a$- the 'ro'hethood of the other 'ro'hets )ill

be !e+ated- )hereas re4ecti!+ their 'ro'hethood is kufr a!d it leads to re4ecthu!dreds of verses from the Hol$ ,ura!2 All these are based o! calli!+ him mawquf'alaih a!d i!termediar$2 "summar$ of *a)dhih al1Ba$a!- ' <K1<K%

8! re'l$- )e be+ to sa$ that the said author himself is obsessed2 8! i!termediar$- theattribute is !e+ated as 'er bi al-zat "'er se% !ot as 'er bi al-'ardh2 *he moveme!t foro!e o!board a shi' is !ot !e+ated- rather the moveme!t bi al-zat is !e+ated- )hilethe o!board 'erso! is i! moveme!t bi al-'ardh- this moveme!t is !ot !e+ated2*herefore- !e+ati!+ the bi al-'ardh 'ro'hethood of other 'ro'hets is !everacce'table2 Mes- the bi al-zat 'ro'hethood ca! be !e+ated- but this sort of'ro'hethood is !ot established for them- a!d thus !e+ati!+ )ill !ot e!tail

'rohibitio!2 *heir 'ro'hethood is derived a!d ema!ated from his 'ro'hethood2Ho)ever- this ob4ectio! of the said author is !ot the 'roductio! of his u!a)aremi!d- rather this )as 'osed b$ #a)la!a Abdul Aziz Amroh)i )hich is me!tio!edu!der the third mahzur of the %awabat Mahzurat 'Ashra e!titled Munazara Ajiba2 So- a'art of the ob4ectio! is that thou+h wasf "@ualit$% is attributed to the de'e!de!tmeta'horicall$ but i! realit$ it is )ithdra)!2 *hus- it is im'erative that the'ro'hets attributed )ith bi al-'ardh are void of 'ro'hethood 4ust like the mumkinat )hich are stri''ed of existe!ce a!d 'ro'hethood )as i! fact )ithdra)! from them2"#u!azara A4iba- ' %

Re'l$i!+ this @uestio! a!d doubt- Hadhrat #a)la!a Na!ota)i "ma$ Allah have

merc$ o! him% stated: the summar$ of first ob4ectio! is that it e!tails )ithdra)i!+of i!de'e!de!t 'ro'hethood from the other 'ro'hets2 *he re'l$ is this much that it

40



de'e!ds o! the co!ditio! that other 'ro'hets 'ossess 'ro'hethood bi al-zat "i!de'e!de!tl$%2 8f $ou had to ob4ect $ou should have 'roved the claim "the'ro'hethood of the other 'ro'hets 1 ma$ 'eace be u'o! them 1 is bi al-zat, )ithouthis medium a!d source2 "Safdar% So- this claim )as !either established !or it couldbe i! future2 Allah )illi!+3 "#u!azara A4iba- <<%

No)- the said author a!d his self1!omi!ated ca'able a!d researcher teacher should'rove this claim that the 'ro'hethood of other 'ro'hets is bi al-zat )ith !oema!atio! from the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% a!d !oi!termediatio!2 8f this is established- his ob4ectio! is acce'table- other)ise it isre4ected2 A!d- Allah )illi!+- he ca! !ever establish it2

As far as he verse D)e make !o divisio! bet)ee! a!$ of His messe!+ersD a!d thecomme!tar$ of Abu al1Sau=d is co!cer!ed- it does !ot +o a+ai!st Hadhrat #a)la!aNa!ota)i si!ce he- i! the li+ht of the verse a!d its comme!tar$- makes !o divisio!i! the 'ro'hethood of 'ro'hets from Sa$$id!a Adam "ma$ 'eace be u'o! him% toSa$$id!a #uhammad "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )ith re+ard to'ro'hethood itself2 He believes i! all as 'ro'hets- but he observes the differe!ce ofsome s'ecial attributes2 e2+2 the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%'ossesses the @ualit$ of 'ro'hethood bi al-zat )hile the other 'ro'hets 'ossess the@ualit$ bi al-'ardh- as it is me!tio!ed i! the tafsir of =Allama Abu al1Sa=ud2 *herefore-it is far a)a$ from a! aalim to falsif$ commo! #uslims b$ @uoti!+ the verse "?:?>%a!d the tafsir of =Allama Abu al1Sa=ud as the said author did2 But- the ahl al-bid'a "i!!ovators% have !othi!+ to mi!d- the$ o!l$ re@uire a 'oi!t or doubt to +et their'eo'le hate the scholars of .eoba!d- ma$ Allah i!crease them i! !umber: "Urducou'let%

His 2lay $f l$7" with 2"$2l" is n$t n"wH" is us"d t$ su*h 2lay sin*" *hildh$$d

8! short- !either Hadhrat #a)la!a Na!ota)i +ot cau+ht i!to the sata!ic )hirl !orhe misi!ter'reted a!$ ,ura!ic verse a!d mutawatir hadith2 *his hi+h 'ost isassi+!ed to $our Sadr al-Afadhil )ho b$ de!$i!+ the huma!it$ of the /ro'het a!dre4ected hu!dreds of ascertai!ed 8slamic sources from the ,ura!- mutawatir Haditha!d 84ma of Umma a!d thus became the fuel of %ahannam2 #a$ Allah 'rotect each#uslim from the fire of %ahannam3

As far as the doubt of the said author is co!cer!ed that #a)la!a Na!ota)imotivated #irza 0hulam Ahmad to claim 'ro'hethood b$ sho)i!+ him the 'ath of zilli a!d buruzi 'ro'het i! *ahzir al1Nas a!d the .eoba!di Ummat did !ot +et rid ofthis ,adi$a!i ar+ume!tatio! till this da$- this is his sheer i+!ora!ce a!du!k!o)i!+!ess2 5et aside )hat the Ulama have )ritte! o! the to'ic- 8 also havediscussed it i! !ani )arul 3l$$m )"$band a!d 'Ibarat-"-Akabir "'art o!e% as much )as!ecessar$2 8f the @uestio!s raised therei! are +ive! reaso!able a!s)ers b$ theo''o!e!ts- 8 )ill re'l$ them if 8 )as alive- Allah )illi!+2 Jther)ise- someo!e else)ould sta!d- as the a!ecdote sa$s: there is Musa for ever$ 9hara$h: "Urdu cou'let%

h$m y$u *$nsid"r"d y$ur l$7"r and wh$m y$u *all"d faithful

I am th" sam" wr"t*h"d Mumin "'oet%- wh"th"r y$u r"m"mb"r $r n$t

41



*hird Jb4ectio!

#a)lvi 0hulam Rasul Sa=eedi )rites ob4ecti!+ that #a)lvi Ashraf Ali *ha!)i @uotedthis hadith of Sa$$id!a Fabir "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him% a!d 'ut a !otethereo! sa$i!+: D*his hadith 'roves that !ur #uhammadi )as first created i! real

'rimac$ si!ce the other thi!+s )hich )ere called first created- the hadith clearl$me!tio!s that those thi!+s )ere created after !ur #uhammadi2 D "Nashr al1*eeb- ';%

Hadhrat *ha!)i & the Hadith of ur

*he said author here also fell 're$ of jahl murakkan "double i+!ora!ce% a!d out ofsheer u!a)are!ess uttered !o!se!se2 *he refere!ce to Hadhrat *ha!)i is of !o availto him si!ce )e have discussed i! 'ri!ci'le about the hadith of Sa$$id!a Fabir "ma$Allah be 'leased )ith him% a!d @uoted citatio!s re+ardi!+ its credibilit$ as its sanad is u!k!o)! a!d its a''are!t mea!i!+ is a+ai!st sahih hadiths2 7e did !ot re+ard itabsolutel$ fake a!d false as the said author 'ro4ects it out of falsificatio!2 Hadhrat#ulla Ali al1,ari "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% )rites: Dif a hadith is !ot sahih- itdoes !ot !ecessar$ im'l$ that it is fabricated2D "#a)dhu=at abir- ' <<K% #a)la!aAbdul Ha$i "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% states: a hadith )hich is !ot 'rovedsahih does !ot !ecessaril$ mea! that it is false2D "Al1Athar al1#arfu=a- #a)la!aAbdul Ha$i- ' 99%

Seco!dl$- after discussi!+ the hadith of Sa$$id!a Fabir "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ithhim%- he added a !ote that various )ordi!+s about him bei!+ !ur are !arrated25ater- he @uoted some refere!ces to the hadiths a!d established )ith 'roof that

these are false a!d fabricated2 *he said author dra!k u' all these discussio!sco!sideri!+ it mother=s milk2

*hirdl$- i! s'ite of all discussio!s from academic a!d 'ri!ci'le 'oi!t of vie)- )e)rote that if !ur mea!s ruh- the! it does !ot co!tradict a!$ ascertai!ed 8slamicsource therefore there is !o )ro!+ to have this mea!i!+ acce'table2 A!d )erefere!ced to Hadhrat *ha!)i that he acce'ted this mea!i!+ a!d )e acce'ted !uri! this se!se to be real first si!ce it does !ot +o a+ai!st a!$ ascertai!ed 8slamicsource2 8! s'ite of this ex'la!atio! of ours- it is bi+ lie a!d sheer accusatio! b$ thesaid author about us that )e do !ot believe it as real first2 B$ the +race of Allah-)he! the 'oi!t raised b$ me a!d Hadhrat *ha!)i is same a!d is 'ure academic-

the! )hat is the @uestio! of i+!ora!ce Hadhrat *ha!)i is a mou!tai! ofk!o)led+e a!d co+!iza!ce- )hile 8 am o!e of his humble follo)ers a!d stude!ts27he! there is !o co!tradictio! a!d co!te!tio! i! our )ords- the! )ho are $ou toreco!cile a!d i!termediate bet)ee! us

Hadhrat Shah Abdul Aziz "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% )rites: Dthe 'erso! )ho)as first created i! the )orld of souls )as he "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%2D

(ourthl$- )e have me!tio!ed that if he is co!sidered !ur i! a se!se that !e+ates himbei!+ bashar a!d huma! bei!+- it e!tails to re4ect the ascertai!ed texts of the ,ura!a!d Hadith2 Hadhrat *ha!)i- i! his !umerous books- established that the /ro'het

"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is huma! bei!+ a!d bashar2 Here )e @uote o!l$from Nashr al1*eeb )here he )rites: D*he fourth reaso!: si!ce he i! bei!+ bashar-

42



material- eleme!tal is 4ust like other 'eo'le a!d i! ma!$ exter!al matters like)ealth etc he is eve! !ot e@ual to themD "Nashr al1*eeb- ' ?- Bar@i /ress- .elhi%i2e2 Hadhrath *ha!)i did !ot de!$ his bei!+ bashar- Allah forbid2 But- he @uotes thehadith throu+h a! u!k!o)! sanad a!d +ives it a mea!i!+ )hich )as +ive! b$scholars like =Allama hifa4i a!d #ulla Ali al1,ari a!d )hich is i! com'lete harmo!$

)ith the ascertai!ed texts of the ,ura! a!d Hadith2 B$ Allah=s +race- the$ arei!heritors of 'aradise- $ou should fear about $ourself a!d $our Sadr al-Afazil for)hom $ou make !o!se!se ex'la!atio!s out of stubbor!!ess a!d 're4udice alo!+)ith fabricati!+ lie a+ai!st $our o''o!e!ts2 Mou are u!able to u!dersta!d the textsof scholars a!d 'ortra$ $ourself as embodime!t of i+!ora!ce- but $ou are +etti!+acclamatio!s a!d a''reciatio!s from $our +rou' a!d )i!!i!+ the titles of muhaqqiq a!d mudaqqiq2 Alas3 Hadhrat Na!ota)i- Hadhrat *ha!)i a!d other elders "ma$ Allahhave merc$ o! them% )ere as if mea!t b$ =Allama 8@bal i! this cou'let:

Th"s" mujahid, th"s" *harismati* sla7"s $f y$ursh$m y$u ha7" i7"n th" di7in" tast"

Th" d"s"rts and ri7"rs ar" a2art fr$m th"ir ki*k

Th" m$untains turn mustard $ut $f th"ir f"ar

/roof o2 9: 8t is )ritte! i! Fa)ahir al1Bihar ?:??K: D8t is !arrated i! the hadith ofSa$$ida A$isha "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith her% that she )as )ith the #esse!+er ofAllah "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% o! his bed i! a dark !i+ht- a !eedle fello! +rou!d from her ha!d- so she u!covered the face of the /ro'het "Allah bless hima!d +ive him 'eace% a!d fou!d it out i! the li+ht of his forehead2D

After !arrati!+ this hadith- #a)lvi 0hulam Rasul Sa=eedi has +ive! refere!ces of#ulla Ali al1,ari- Shah 7aliullah #uhaddith .ehla)i- Hakim al1Umma #a)la!aAshraf Ali *ha!)i "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! them%2 Hereu!der )e summarize thesame:

#ulla Ali ,ari sa$s: DSome researchers stated that the /ro'het Allah "Allah bless hima!d +ive him 'eace% )as 'erfectl$ ha!dsome2 8t is established b$ hadiths that hisli+ht sho!e over )alls a!d the )alls used to reflect his lumi!ous face like mirror2Allah #ost Hi+h ke't his ha!dsome!ess from the om'a!io!s si!ce had it bee!com'letel$ dis'la$ed the$ )ould !ot have bee! able to bear it2 "Fam= al17asa$il- ?:;%

Shah 7aliullah !arrati!+ from Shah Abdur Rahim )rites: Shah Abdur Rahim saidthat o!ce he )as ho!oured )ith the visit of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive

him 'eace% i! dreamO- he asked him: the E+$'tia! )ome! cut off their fi!+ers )hileseei!+ Sa$$id!a Musuf "ma$ 'eace be u'o! him%- but !o o!e cho''ed off his fi!+erafter seei!+ $ou *he /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% re'lied: Allah#ost Hi+h ke't m$ ha!dsome!ess covered out of hyra "se!se of ho!our%2D "A!safal1=Arifi!- ' 9%

Also- #ulla Ali al1,ari sa$s: DHo)ever- the !ur of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d+ive him 'eace% is ver$ much a''are!t east a!d )est "all over%- his !ur )as firstcreated2 Allah #ost Hi+h- i! His Book- called him !ur2 "#a)dhu=at abir- K%

Hakim al1Ummah #al)a!a Ashraf Ali *ha!)i said ex'lai!i!+ the verse D7e have

se!t do)! to $ou a vivid li+htD ":<;%: it ma$ mea! the #esse!+er2 So- it isme!tio!ed at a!other 'lace: DAllah se!t do)! to $ou a remi!der- a messe!+erD

43



"K>:<<% here remi!der mea!s messe!+er2 *his also )ill !ot affect the 'referred tafsir 2"al1Nur- ' 9?%

#ulla Ali al1,ari sa$s at a!other 'lace: D*he /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% is more beautiful tha! the moo! si!ce his !ur is a''are!t i! 'h$sical a!d

exter!al )orld2 He combi!es all t$'es of visible a!d i!visible 'erfectio!s2 Rather-ever$ thi!+ )as created out of his !ur2 5ike)ise- i! the verse DAllah is the li+ht ofthe heave!s a!d the earth- the exam'le of His li+ht is that of a !icheD "?:9>%- =Hisli+ht= )as i!ter'reted as =the !ur of #uhammad=- so his !ur is 'erma!e!t )hich is!ot detached a!$ time2 7hile the li+ht of the moo! is borro)ed sometimes itdecreases a!d sometimes it is s!atched due to ecli'se2 Also- it is overshado)ed i!da$li+ht2 Sa=eedi "*a)dhih al1Ba$a!- <;C- <;?%

A!s)er: *he effort made b$ the said author is i! vai!2 (irst- because the hadith ofSa$$ida A$isha "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith her% about !eedle is fake a!d fabricated2Hadhrat #a)la!a Abdul Ha$i 5uck!o)i )rites i! his book al-Athar al-Marfu'a fi al- Akhbar al-Mawdhu'a about fabricated hadiths "' <K;%: DJ!e of them is )hat thestor$tellers me!tio! )hile me!tio!i!+ the 'retti!ess of the /ro'het "Allah blesshim a!d +ive him 'eace% that o!e !i+ht a !eedle fell from Sa$$ida A$isha "ma$ Allahbe 'leased )ith her%2 She searched it a!d did !ot fi!d u!til the /ro'het "Allah blesshim a!d +ive him 'eace% smiled a!d the li+ht of his teeth radiated a!d the room )asli+hted2 *hus- Sa$$ida A$isha "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith her% )as able to fi!d outher !eedle i! the li+ht2 *hou+h- this hadith is me!tio!ed i! #a=ari4 al1Nubu))a a!dother books of sirah )hich i!clude reliable a!d u!reliable hadiths- so all the hadithca!!ot be acce'ted but b$ a s!oozer or a dro)s$2 But- this hadith is established!either as 'er !arratio! !or as 'er mea!i!+2 "al-Athar al-Marfu'a fi al-Akhbar al-

Mawdhu'a- ' ?;>%

Ho) ca! such a false a!d fake traditio! be useful for the said author )hich is !eitherestablished as 'er the mea!i!+ !or !arratio!2 #al)a!a Sa$$id Sulaima! Nad)i"ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% states that the hadith is absolutel$ false2 "Sirat al1Nabi ?:<KK% Seco!dl$- this hadith is i! o''ositio! to the sahih hadith of Bukhari a!d#uslim )here Sa$$ida A$isha "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith her% states: D8 used toslee' i! fro!t of Allah=s A'ostle )ith m$ le+s o''osite to his ,ibla "faci!+ him% a!d)he!ever he 'rostrated- he 'ushed m$ feet a!d 8 )ithdre) them a!d )he!ever hestood 8 stretched them2D =Aisha added- D8! those da$s there )ere !o lam's i! thehouses2D "Sahih Bukhari <:>K- Sahih #uslim <:<%

8mam Na)a)i )rites ex'lai!i!+ the )ord 'masabih' i2e2 lam's: She )a!ts to 'utexcuse that had there bee! lam's she could have )ithdra)! her le+s a!d she did!ot bother him to 'ress his le+s2 "Sharh #uslim <:<%

=Allama al1=Ai!i al1Ha!afi "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% @uotes: DHad there bee!lam's- 8 )ould have )ithdra)! m$ le+s )he! he )ould 'rostrate for sajdah a!d he)ould !ot !eed to 'ress them2D "=Umdat al1,ari :<<%

*his evide!t hadith of Sa$$ida A$isha- the mother of believers "ma$ Allah be 'leased)ith her% is a bri+ht 'roof that the rooms used to be dark i! his 'rese!ce as )ell2

A!d )he! he used to 'erform salah at !i+ht i! dark!ess- he )ould 'ress his ha!da+ai!st her le+s so that she )ithdre) them a!d fi!ds room for sajdah2 Accordi!+ to

44



8mam Na)a)i a!d =Allama =Ai!i- this occurred due to abse!ce of lam's i! the housesa!d due to dark!ess he had to bother to 'ress her le+s other)ise Sa$$ida A$ishaSiddi@a )ould have !ot caused him this botheratio!2 Had there bee! the li+ht of his!ur- she )ould have )ithdra)! her le+s2 #oreover- it is !ot hidde! from a!$ scholarthat his house sometimes had lam's2 Had there bee! li+ht of his !ur- there )ould

have bee! !o !eed to li+ht the lam'2

"iii% *he ar+ume!t 'rese!ted b$ the said author from %am' al-asayil of #ulla Ali al1,ari "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% is )ro!+ si!ce #ulla Ali al1,ari me!tio!ed itsa$i!+ 'ala ma ru7iya' i2e2 Dit )as !arratedD- but )ho !arrated itho) reliable is it- itis u!k!o)!2 So )hat is the use of refere!ci!+ to such a sanad-less a!d baselesshadith Mou ca! see the dari!+ a!d fabricatio! of the said author- he tra!slates 'alama ru7iya' as Dit is established b$ hadithsD "la Hawl wa la quwwat illa bi Allah: % 8t is factthat the false beliefs a!d i!!ovatio!s could !ot be 'roved but b$ fabricatio! a!dfalsificatio!2 *his should also be !oted that #ulla Ali al1,ari "ma$ Allah have merc$o! him% )rites i! #ir@at first: D8b! Ha4ar sa$s that the hadiths differ i! )hat )asfirst created2 *he summar$ is )hat 8 have me!tio!ed i! Sharh Shama$il al1*irmidhithat first it )as the !ur from )hich the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% )as created- the! the )ater a!d the thro!e2 "#ir@at <:<K%

8t established t)o thi!+s: first- he ver$ co!fide!tl$ describes !ur #uhammadi asfirst created2 Seco!dl$- he authored %am' al-asayil Sharh Shamayil al-Tirmidhi beforeMirqat )hich he refere!ces i! this book2 5ater- he )rites i! #ir@at: D*he! 8 sa) i! al1.ur al1#a!thur a !arratio! from Sa$$id!a Abdullah 8b! =Abbas "ma$ Allah be'leased )ith them% that the first thi!+ Allah created )as 'e!- the! He ordered it to)rite2 8t asked )hat to )rite- J m$ 5ord He said: )rite the desti!$ from this da$ till

)hat )ill ha''e! i! future u' to qiyama *he!- He )ra''ed the re+isters a!d closedthe 'e!2 "Narrated b$ al1Baiha@i etc% 8t )as also !arrated b$ Hakim a!d he re+ardedit as sahih2 8t is !arrated i! al1.ur al1#a!thur b$ Sa$$id!a Abu Huraira "ma$ Allahbe 'leased )ith him%- he said 8 heard the #esse!+er of Allah sa$i!+: D*he first thi!+Allah created )as 'e!- the! i!k'ot2 8t is also !arrated that it )as mi!d )hich )asfirst created2 Also- it )as !arrated that !ur )as created first of all or it )as ruh that)as first created2 A!d the thro!e )as first created2 So- 'rimac$ is relative a!d it is'er attributio!2 So- it )ill be i!ter'reted that ever$ thi!+ me!tio!ed i! the hadith isattributed to its t$'e- so 'e! )as created before the thi!+s )hich )rite- his !ur )ascreated before all nurs "li+hts%- other)ise it )as established that the thro!e )ascreated before the birth of the heave!s a!d the earth- so the 'rimac$ )ill be

bracketed )ith the co!ditio!2 So- it )ill be i!ter'reted i! the )a$ me!tio!ed above25ike)ise- the t)o hadiths i2e2 the first thi!+ Allah created is m$ !ur a!d the otherhadith m$ ruh "soul% carr$ same mea!i!+- as the souls are nuri "lumi!ous%- so itmea!t that the first thi!+ Allah created amo!+st the souls is m$ ruh2 "#ir@at <:<K;%

*his text makes it am'l$ clear that #ulla Ali al1,ari 'reviousl$ did !ot have thehadith of Sa$$id!a 8b! Abbas a!d Sa$$id!a Abu Huraira "ma$ Allah be 'leased )iththem% )hich sa$ that the 'e! )as first created2 Havi!+ lear!ed this hadith a!d theother hadiths of first creatio!- he )as com'elled to mea! the relative 'rimac$2 Had!ur bee! the first creatio! i! his research- he )ould have stuck to his first researcha!d he did !ot resort to the i!ter'retatio! of relative 'rimac$2 His )ords Dthe! 8 sa)

i! al1.ur al1#a!thurD clearl$ su++est that 'reviousl$ he )as u!a)are of the detailother)ise he )ould have alread$ re+arded the 'rimac$ as relative2

45



"iv% Ho) does the text of Anfas al-'Arifin su''orts the said author- )hich #uslim isde!$i!+ his ha!dsome!ess a!d bodil$ 'erfectio! But- ho) this ha!dsome!ess'roves the li+ht that hel'ed to fi!d out the !eedle i! the dark!ess or that li+htedthe )alls Rather this !arratio! itself +oes a+ai!st it si!ce it asserts that his

ha!dsome!ess )as ke't u!der cover a!d it is obvious that visible !ur is !ot hidde!from the e$es of 'eo'le- it ca! be see! b$ a!$ la$ma!2

"v% *he !ur me!tio!ed i! #a)dhu=at abir is !ot to be mea!t visible- ratheri!visible )hich ca! be described as !ur of 'ro'hethood- !ur of risala"messe!+ershi'% or !ur of +uida!ce a!d )hich had s'read from east to )est a!d!orth to south2 *he )ords Deast a!d )estD i! his text clearl$ i!dicate to the same-this !ever refers to visible !ur )hich is see! b$ ever$o!e si!ce this text is 'recededb$ these )ords: Dbut this !ur is !ot visibleD2 Had it bee! visible !ur it )ould havebee! a''are!t a!d it )ould have !ot bee! hidde!2 Si!ce these )ords com'letel$ +oa+ai!st the said author- as it is obvious- therefore he ate it u'2 He o!l$ @uoted a 'artof the text a!d left the other 'art that )as sufficie!t to u!veil his dece'tio!2

"vi% Accordi!+ to Hadhrat *ha!)i "ma$ Allah have merc$ u'o! him%- the )ord =nurmubin= "vivid li+ht :<;% )as 'referabl$ ex'lai!ed as the Noble ,ura!- as his textasserts2 As- he )rites the tra!slatio! a!d comme!tar$ of the verse :<; i! Ba$a! al1,ura!: D7e have se!t do)! to $ou a clear li+htO )hich is the Noble ,ura!- so ever$thi!+ told b$ the #esse!+er of Allah "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% a!d the,ura! is true2D Ex'lai!i!+ the )ords 'nur' a!d =kitab mubin= he )rites i! the Arabic!otes: D8t i!dicates that the )ord kitab is for more elaboratio!- the duo are differe!tas 'er the attribute a!d are u!iform as 'er the 'erso! therefore bri!+i!+ the later

'ro!ou! "bihi% si!+ular )as better a!d )ith this ex'la!atio!- the attributio! of'hidaya' "+uida!ce% to Allah is better that He made kitab a!d nur cause of +uida!ceO25ike)ise- attributio! of =tabi'in= "ex'lai!i!+% i! the 'revious verse to the #esse!+erof Allah "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is better2 But- if the nur is i!ter'retedas =#esse!+er=- this beaut$ )ill !ot be felt2 *his tafsir is su''orted b$ the verse: D7ese!t do)! to $ou a vivid li+htD i2e2 kitab "Book%2 "<:><- foot!ote - #u4taba$i .elhi%

*his sho)s that Hadhrat *ha!)i also firml$ ex'lai!s =nur mubin= )ith the Book)hich )as revealed b$ Allah2 Mes- 4ust for 'ossibilit$- he @uotes the tafsir that !urca! mea! the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%- but he ver$ clearl$admits that he )as bashar a!d huma! bei!+- as it )as me!tio!ed2 So- calli!+ him

!ur after beleivi!+ i! him as bashar mea!s that he is !ur of +uida!ce a!d Allah#ost Hi+h has illumi!ated the )orld )ith the li+ht of ta)hid a!d ima! b$ +ivi!+him the li+ht of 'ro'hethood2 A!d thus this stateme!t of Allah is fulfilled: DButAllah is to 'erfect His li+ht- eve! thou+h the disbelievers dislike itD "K<:%

"vii% *he !ur me!tio!ed i! %am' al-asayil b$ Hadhrat #ulla Ali al1,ari is i!ta!+ible!ur !ot ta!+ible )hich the said author 'ur'orts si!ce the ema!atio! of !ur )hichreaches to i!ter!al a!d exter!al )orlds is i!ta!+ible )hich is !ur of 'ro'hethooda!d +uida!ce2 *he se!te!ce also stre!+the!s it that he combi!es all 'h$sical a!ds'iritual 'erfectio!s2 5ike)ise- there is !o doubt that the !ur me!tio!ed i! =mathalnurihi= is the same !ur of 'ro'hethood a!d !ur of +uida!ce2 *he mea!i!+ of his !ur

bei!+ zati )as me!tio!ed i! the discussio! of Hadhrat Na!ota)i=s text that first ofall it )as +ra!ted to him bi al-zat - the! it )as tra!sferred to all the 'ro'hets throu+h

46



him2 His !ur )as !ot ac@uired b$ a!$ of the creatures it is sole +ift of Allah2 *heli+ht of moo! i! s'ite of bei!+ +otte! b$ the su! is ecli'sed- but the li+ht "!ur% of his'ro'hethood a!d +uida!ce is !ot ecli'sed )ith shirk a!d kufr a!d !either it isdefeated b$ evide!ces a!d 'roofs2 /eo'le acce'ted it at times )he! kufr )asdomi!ati!+ the )orld ever$)here a!d seemi!+l$ #uslims did !ot have a!$ 'o)er

i! a!$ !ote)orth$ cou!tr$ of the )orld2 *he )orld of kufr tried its best toexti!+uish the !ur of ima! a!d 8slam- but )ith Allah=s +race: "Urdu cou'let%

Th" liht $f Allah m$*ks th" "ff$rts $f th" kufr This l$fty lam2 *an n$t b" ";tinuish"d by bl$ws

47



*hird ha'ter

8! this cha'ter- )e shall 'rove b$ @uoti!+ sahih hadiths a!d stateme!ts of themuhaddithi! that the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% had shado)2#oreover- )e shall 'rese!t the re'lies of the traditio!s 'ut for)ard b$ theo''o!e!ts i! order to 'rove that he had !o shado)2 "(a$$az%

/roof of His Shado)

Ar+ume!t o2 <: 8mam Hakim Abu Abdullah #uhammad bi! Abdullah al1Hafiz "d2C> AH% !arrates that Sa$$id!a A!as bi! #alik "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him%stated: o!e !i+ht the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )as 'ra$i!+2 Allof a sudde! he stretched his ha!d a!d the! )ithdre) it2 7e asked him: J #esse!+er

of Allah3 7e sa) $ou doi!+ a! act i! salah )hich $ou did !ot do i! 'ast2 He said: $es- %annah )as 'rese!ted before me a!d 8 sa) therei! loft$ trees the fruits of )hich )asclose at ha!d2 So- 8 )a!ted to 'ick u' somethi!+ from it2 8 )as asked throu+hrevelatio! to retreat- so 8 retreated2 *he!- %ahannam )as 'rese!ted before me )hich)as bet)ee! me a!d $ou- eve! 8 sa) m$ a!d $our shado) i! its li+ht2 So- 8 si+!aledto $ou to move back- so 8 )as asked throu+h revelatio!: let the$ be i! the sameco!ditio! si!ce $ou acce'ted 8slam a!d the$ also- $ou mi+rated a!d the$ too- $oufou+ht i! the )a$ of Allah a!d the$ as )ell- so 8 do !ot see a!$ su'eriorit$ i! $ouexce't 'ro'hethood2 So- 8 co!cluded that m$ Ummah )ill face trials " fitnas% afterme2 "#ustadrak :>K- al1Hakim a!d al1.hahabi said: this hadith is sahih%

8mam al1Hakim a!d =Allama Shamsuddi! Abu Abdullah al1.hahabi "d2 ;>< AH%- thefamous scholar of Hadith 'ri!ci'les- are of the o'i!io! that the hadith is sahih2Hafiz ib! al1,a$$im al1Ha!bali "d2 ;>< AH% also !arrated the hadith2 "see Hadi al- Afrah ila !ilad al-Arwah- ' <K- E+$'t% *his sahih hadith su++ests that the /ro'het"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% had shado) as the om'a!io!s "ma$ Allah be'leased )ith them% had2 *his )as the reaso! that he sa) his shado) a!d the shado)of the om'a!io!s i! the li+ht of the flames2 Had he !ot had shado)- this )ould !othave a!$ mea!i!+- as this is !ot hidde! from a!$ se!sible a!d )ise 'erso!2

Jb4ectio! : 8f- )ithout tur!i!+ to co!text- dark shado) is 'roved 'lai!l$ b$ the

)ord 'zil' o!l$- the! accordi!+ to the hadith: DAllah )ill shade seve! 'eo'le u!derHis shado) o! a da$ )he! there )ill be !o shado) but HisD shado) )ill beestablished for Allah as )ell- Allah forbid2 Seco!dl$- the )ord 'zil' "shado)% i! thehadith D8 sa) m$ shado) a!d $our shado) therei!D is !ot i! its real se!se si!ce thefire of %ahannam is !ot li+hted like that of the )orld2 As it is !arrated i! #ishkat "bab sifat al-nar, al-fasl al-thani% i! the first hadith: Dthe fire of Faha!!am is black a!ddarkD2 *he .eoba!dis i!cor'orated i! the hadith that he sa) his a!d theom'a!io!s= shado) i! the li+ht of the fire- this is their academic ba!kru'tc$ si!cethe fire of Faha!!am is dark a!d black- )hat li+ht had to do )ith2 *he!- ho) stra!+eis it that the$ misi!ter'reted the hadith for co!solidati!+ their u!hol$ belief a!d b$addi!+ the )ord =li+ht= the$ 4ustified the mea!i!+ of shado)2 A!d thus b$

attributi!+ )ords to the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )hich he!ever s'oke- the$- Allah forbid- made their adobe i! the dark!ess of Faha!!am2

48



Ho)ever- it is established b$ t)o reaso!s that the )ord 'zil' is !ot i! its real se!sefirst because he is !ur a!d !ur has !o shado)2 Seco!d- because it is im'ossible to seeshado) i! Faha!!am as it is black dark!ess a!d shado) a''ears i! li+ht2

So- b$ these t)o reaso!s- it is defi!ite that the )ord 'zil' here is meta'hor a!d

meta'horicall$ it mea!s a 'erso!2 8t is me!tio!ed i! Ma'alim al-Tanzil that zilal "'lural of zil i2e2 shado)s% mea!s Dtheir 'erso!sD2 So- the hadith mea!s: 8 sa) Faha!!am )herei! 8 sa) m$self a!d $ourselves- )hich he i!ter'reted as his 'eo'le)ill be tried b$ evils after him2 As far seei!+ i! Faha!!am- it ma$ mea! that he sa)the om'a!io!s !ear Faha!!am or beside it2 Ho)ever- if he )as su''osed to be see!i! Faha!!am- Allah forbid- it is !ot de+radi!+ to him si!ce bei!+ i! Faha!!am isde+radi!+ a!d 'u!ishme!t o!l$ for the disbelievers- !ot for ever$o!e other)isethe kee'ers of Faha!!am are also therei!2 #oreover- the mufassirin ex'lai! u!derthe verse Dthere is !o!e amo!+ $ou )ho does !ot have to arrive at itD <:;<O that all#uslims )ill have to 'ass over Faha!!am- but this )ill be 'leasa!t a!d e!4o$able forthem- but this 'assa+e for the i!fidels )ill be a 'u!ishme!t a!d de+radatio!2"*a)dhih al1Ba$a!- ' <1>%

A!s)er: )hatever )as uttered b$ the said author is re4ected2 (irstl$- si!ce there arema!$ Arabic li!+uists b$ Allah=s +race- the case ma$ be raised to a!$ Arabic li!+uistmediator2 5et us see ho) he tra!slates the hadith2 Allah )illi!+- !o 4ust a!d fairArabic li!+uist )ill tra!slate a!d i!ter'ret it exce't )hat )e did i2e2 Faha!!am )as'rese!ted before me )hich )as bet)ee! me a!d $ou u!til 8 sa) m$ a!d $ourshado) i! its li+ht2 Ho)ever- if )e acce't the tra!slatio! that he sa) his a!d theirshado) therei!- the! also our claim is evide!t a!d this )ill i! !o )a$ hel' the saidauthor- as it is !ot hidde! from a!$ k!o)led+eable a!d lear!ed 'erso!2 Seco!dl$-

Allah has !o bod$ eve! subtle therefore He ca! have !o shado)- )hile o! co!trar$to the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% had bod$ thou+h subtle2 Asha! Sahib of Bareil$ )rites: DHe is bashar but he had huma!l$ bod$ far off su'eriora!d better tha! the heave!l$ )orld- eve! much subtle tha! the souls a!d thea!+els2D "Naf$ al1(a$- ' <C% 8t is i! com'lete accorda!ce )ith reaso! that bod$-bashar a!d huma! bei!+ have shado)- a!d it is established b$ sahih hadith as )ell2*herefore- actual shado) is !ot mea!t i! the hadith DAllah )ill shade seve! 'eo'leu!der His shado) o! a da$ )he! there )ill be !o shado) but HisD- rather o!l$meta'horic a!d it is the shado) of His *hro!e as the *hro!e has also bodil$ forma!d it has shado)2 So- the !arratio! of al1Fami= al1Sa+hir "?:9<% co!sists of these)ords: DAllah )ill shade seve! 'eo'le u!der the shado) of His *hro!e o! a da$

)he! there )ill be !o shado) but HisD2 *his hadith )as cate+orized as hasan2 *hesame hadith )as @uoted i! al1Sira4 al1#u!ir ?:99 )ith the comme!t: it has hasan chai! of !arrators2 *his marfu' a!d hasan hadith 'roves that =the shado) of Allah=mea!s =the shado) of His *hro!e=2 8! a!other hadith- it is me!tio!ed that clouds)ill shade over them2 "#a)arid al1Qam=aa!- ' K<% Seco!dl$- !o doubt it is !otdis+raceful for the kee'ers of Faha!!am to be i! Faha!!am- for believers to 'assover it accordi!+ to o!e tafsir - or eve! for the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% to e!ter therei! for tour a!d si+htseei!+2 Si!ce this e!tr$ )as !ot marked b$'u!ishme!t or torme!t- rather it is as tour a!d si+htseei!+- or as 'assi!+ over or a'art of admi!istratio!2 *here is !o hi!dra!ce as 'er the Shari'a a!d reaso!2 But- this 4ustificatio! is !either !eeded here !ot it is a!$ho) mea!i!+ful because the hadith

itself asserts that he did !ot e!ter Faha!!am- rather it )as 'rese!ted before him2 Hesa) it before him a!d them a!d sa) his a!d their shado) i! its li+ht2 He asked them

49



out of ki!d!ess to move back2 All these ex'la!atio!s i!dicate that he did !ot e!terthe Faha!!am2 A!other hadith su''orts the same- as it is me!tio!ed i! a hadith!arrated i! Sahih #uslim- kitab al-kusuf "Ecli'se%- "that time also Fa!!ah a!d Faha!!am )ere 'rese!ted before him%2 *he /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% stated: DFaha!!am )as brou+ht before me- it )as )he! $ou sa) me movi!+

back o! accou!t of fear lest its flames affect me2 "<:?%

Accordi!+ to the rule that some hadith elucidates the other hadith- this sahihhadith clearl$ established that he did !ot e!ter Faha!!am2 *herefore- it is futile forthe said author to roam arou!d for its ex'la!atio! a!d 4ustificatio!2

*hirdl$- thou+h the )ord 'zil' meta'horicall$ mea!s 'erso!- but meta'horicalmea!i!+ is !eeded )here the real mea!i!+ is im'ossible or hard to be mea!t2 A!dthis is !ot the case here2 *he!- )h$ to te!d to mea! meta'hor u!!ecessaril$

*his should also be !oted that +rammaticall$ the 'ro!ou!s i!dicate to 'erso!s2Here i! 'zilli= "m$ shado)% the 'ro!ou! is for first 'erso! )hich i!dicates to 'erso!-like)ise i! 'zillukum' "$our shado)s% the 'ro!ou! is seco!d 'erso! that also i!dicateto 'erso!2 So- if the )ord 'zill' also )ill mea! 'erso!- the! the !ou! a!d 'ro!ou!both )ill become same )hich is )ro!+2 *his is the reaso! that this ex'la!atio! )asme!tio!ed )ith the )ord 'qila' "it is said b$ some% )hich i!dicates to its )eak!ess2Si!ce here also 'zilal= is attributed to 'ro!ou! ")hich is hum%- thus the !ou! a!d'ro!ou! i!dicate to the same 'erso!2 *his is )ea! a!d fra+ile i!ter'retatio!2

(ourthl$- the said author )rites that #a)lvi Sarfaraz- due to i+!ora!ce a!di!tellectual ba!kru'tc$- did !ot see the hadith of #ishkat "bab sifat al-nar, al-fasl al-

thani, first hadith% )hich sa$s: DFaha!!am is black a!d darkD2 *herefore-i!cor'orati!+ the =li+ht of fire= is i!tellectual ba!kru'tc$ si!ce the fire of Faha!!amis black- )hat li+ht has to do )ith2 But all this is sheer i+!ora!ce of the said author2(irst- because the hadith is me!tio!ed i! *irmidhi a!d havi!+ !arrated the hadith8mam *irmidhi "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% sa$s: DActuall$- this hadith of AbuHuraira is mawquf - 8 do !ot k!o) a!$o!e exce't Mah$a bi! Abi Bukair "!arrati!+from Sharik% )ho !arrated it as marfu' "*irmidhi ?:?%

*he !arrator Sharik "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him%- i! s'ite of bei!+ reliable usedto commit mistakes i! hadiths2 8mam 8brahim bi! Sa$id al1Fa)hari sa$s that hecommitted mistakes i! four hu!dred hadiths2 8mam Razi sa$s that he had bad

memor$- )as ver$ much sus'icious a!d used to disorder the hadiths2 "summar$from *ahzib al1*ahzib :9?K- 9?;% Ho)ever- this hadith is !either marfu' !or correctaccordi!+ to the rules of hadith2 *herefore maki!+ it a base of the re'l$ is !ot ri+ht2Seco!d- Faha!!am is of several cate+ories )hich have fire as )ell as cold!ess2 *hus-there is differe!ce bet)ee! cate+or$ to cate+or$ a!d fire to fire2 *he hadith is a!evide!t evide!ce of the same )hich sa$s: Dthe fire said: J m$ 5ord3 Some 'art ofmi!e ate u' the other 'art of meD "Sahih #uslim <:??% Ho) is it ob4ectio!able if thefire of some cate+or$ is black a!d that of other cate+or$ is bri+ht2 Also- the ,ura!me!tio!s the fire )ith flames "<<<:9% *he hadith of Sahih #uslim )as me!tio!edearlier )hich had a )ord =lafh= "flame%2 So- ho) the flames of Faha!!am a!d its li+htcould be de!ied 8t is me!tio!ed i! Sirah ' > that the )ord 'lahab' mea!s: flame of

fire2

50



Ar+ume!t o ?: Sa$$ida A$isha "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith her% states that the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )as traveli!+ )ith some of his )ives2*he camel of Sa$$ida Safi$a "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith her% fell ill2 Sa$$ida Qa$!ab"ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith her% had a! extra camel2 He said to Qa$!ab: it is better if $ou +ive $our extra camel to Safi$a as her camel is sick2 She re'lied: )h$ should 8

+ive m$ camel to this yahudia "Fe)ish )oma!% *he im'ro'er re'l$ a!+ered the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% a!d he aba!do!ed +oi!+ to her roomfor t)o three mo!ths2 DShe said: u!til 8 )as disa''oi!ted a!d shifted m$ bed fromthere- )hile o!e !oo!time 8 sudde!l$ sa) the shado) of Allah=s #esse!+er "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% comi!+ to me2D "*ab@at bi! Sa=d :<?K- Beirut%

*he !arrators of the hadith are:"<% Affa! bi! #uslim "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him%: he is !arrator of the mostauthe!tic books of hadith i2e2 Sihah Sitta 8mam =A4li "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him%sa$s he )as reliable a!d firm2 8mam Abu Hatim "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% callshim reliable imam a!d stro!+1mi!ded2 =Allama 8b! Sa=d "ma$ Allah have merc$ o!him% calls him reliable- !arrator of abu!da!t hadiths a!d firm2

8mam 8b! harash "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% sa$s that he )as reliable a!damo!+ +ood #uslims- )hile #uhaddith ib! ,a!i= "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him%calls him reliable a!d satisfactor$2 8mam Hibba! cou!ts him from amo!+st thereliable !arrators2 "*ahzib al1*ahzib ;:?9<- ?9%

"?% Hammad bi! Salama "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him%: al1Qahabi calls him al18mamal1Hafiz a!d Sha$k al18slam2 "*azkirat al1Huffaz <:<%

"9% *habit Ba!a!i "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him%: he is also a ce!tral !arrator ofSihah Sitta2 8mam Nasai a!d 8mam =A4li "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! them% call himreliable2 =Allama 8b! Sa=d sa$s that he )as reliable a!d satisfactor$2 #uhaddith 8bHibba! "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% cou!ts him amo!+st the reliable o!es2*ahzib al1*ahzib 9:9%

"% Shamisa "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! her%: Hafiz 8b! Ha4ar "ma$ Allah have merc$o! him% )rites that she )as acce'table !arrator from amo!+st the third +rade2*here is !o!e )ho criticized her2 "*a@rib- ' ;9- (aru@i- .elhi%">% Sa$$ida A$isha Siddi@a "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith her%

o!cisel$- all the !arrators of the hadith are reliable2 *his hadith )as !arrated i!#us!ad Ahmad a!d #a4ma= al1Qa)a$id- )ith these )ordi!+s at the e!d: Dso- )he!the mo!th of Rabi= al1A))al be+a!- he came to her2 She sa$s that she sa) shado)a!d thou+ht this is shado) of ma! a!d the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% does !ot come to her- so )ho is this ma! *hereu'o!- the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% e!tered2 "#us!ad Ahmad K:99K- #a4ma= al1Qa)a$id:9?9%

*he !arrators of #us!ad Ahmad are:"<% Abdur Razza@ "al1Hafiz al1abir%: he )as cou!ted reliable b$ !umerous

muhaddithi!2 "*azkirat al1Huffaz <:99<%

"?% Fa=far bi! Sulaima!: 8mam Ahmad calls him harmless- )hile 8mam 8b! #a=i!calls him reliable2 =Allama 8b! Sa=da! co!siders him reliable a!d hasan al-

51



hadith 8mam 8b! #adi!i sa$s that he )as reliable accordi!+ to him2 8mamBazzar calls him mustaqim al-hadith2 "summar$- *ahzib al1*ahzib ?:>1%

"9% *habit Ba!a!i: "he )as me!to!ed earlier%"% Sa$$ida Safi$a bi!t Hu$i- ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith her

All of the !arrators of the hadith are reliable2

Jb4ectio!: *he )ord 'zil' occurri!+ i! this hadith also mea!s ='erso!=- a!d the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is !ur a!d !ur has !o shado)2*herefore- accordi!+ to us- the )ord = zil= occurri!+ i! the hadith mea!s ='erso!= a!dit is !ot im'ossible2 "*a)dhih al1Ba$a!- ' <>- <K%

A!s)er: *his re'l$ of the said author is absolutel$ false2 (irst- because the !ou! a!d'ro!ou! are the same- )hile o! the other ha!d the )ords of hadith !arrated b$#us!ad Ahmad a!d #a4ma= al1Qa)a$id totall$ re4ect this misi!ter'retatio!- ratherdistortio!2 *he hadith is as follo)s: D7he! it )as Rabi= al1A))al- he came to her2She sa$s that she sa) shado) a!d thou+ht this is shado) of ma! a!d the /ro'het"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% does !ot come to her- so )ho is this ma!*hereu'o!- the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% e!tered2 "#us!adAhmad K:99K- #a4ma= al1Qa)a$id :9?<%

8f the shado) mea!s his self as the said author baselessl$ claims- the! did Sa$$idaQai!ab did !ot reco+!ize him after she sa) his self a!d she started )o!deri!+ )hocame to her2 .oubt ca! arise i! case of shado)- but )hat doubt she had about hisself2 *he last 'art of the hadith clarifies it more: Dthe!- the /ro'het "Allah bless hima!d +ive him 'eace% e!teredD- i2e2 first she sa) the shado) a!d the! he e!tered27hile accordi!+ to the tahrif "distortio!% of the said authorit )ill mea! that she

first sa) his self a!d the! he e!tered2 Are Shari=a a!d Hadith !ot bee! ridiculed b$such !o!se!sical i!ter'retatio!s Allah forbid3

*hirdl$- it is established b$ ,ura!- mutawatir Hadith a!d 84ma that the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )as bashar "huma! bei!+%- a!d shado) is i!evitablefor huma! bei!+2 o!trar$ to his bei!+ !ur- as it is !ot established b$ a!$ solid a!dstro!+ 'roof that he )as !ur2 8f- accordi!+ to a tafsir- he is 'roved to be !urit is o!l$a! o'tio!- it is !ot defi!ite2 #oreover- the !ur is his @ualit$- !ot his self si!ce afterall he is bashar a!d he surel$ had shado)2

*hese sahih hadiths sa$ that the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% had

formal shado)2 7he! his huma!it$ "bei!+ bashar% is defi!itel$ established- all there@uisites of huma!it$ i!cludi!+ shado) )ill automaticall$ be established2

Re4ecti!+ Shado) is i! fact a Shiite .o+ma

*he authe!tic Shiite book al1afi ma= al1Safi 9:<>? sa$s: DHe did !ot have shado)D2*he famous Shiite scholar halil ,az)i!i elucidates it: DHe did !ot have shado) i2e2the clouds used to i!terve!e bet)ee! him a!d the disc of the su!2 "al1Safi- vol2 ?- ?!d editio!- 5uck!o)%

52



*his i!ter'retatio! 'roves that the de!ial of shado) b$ the a''are!t )ords )as !oteve! acce'table to them a!d thus the$ )ere forced to +ive it a! ex'la!atio!2Nevertheless- !o sahih hadith 'roves that he )as al)a$s shaded b$ clouds2

Jb4ectio!: *he Barelvi scholar 0hulam Rasul Sa=eedi )rites that if the issue of

shado) )as i!ve!ted b$ the Shias- the! )hether Sa$$id!a Usma!- Sa$$id!a 8b!Abbas "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith them%- 8mam Su$uti- 8mam Shafi=i- ,azi =8$adh#aliki- =Allama Abu al1Barakat Nasafi Ha!afi- #ulla Ali ,ari Ha!afi- Sha$kh#uhaddith .ehla)i- =Allama Bai4uri- Shihab al1.i! hifa4i- 8b! #ubarak- 8b! Fa)zi"ma$ Allah have merc$ o! them% also )ere Shias2 7he! the #uslim scholars fromthe a+e of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% u' to Shah Abdul Aziz)ere of the o'i!io! that he had !o shado)2 So- )ho )ill 'a$ heed to $our de!ialA!d )ho )ill acce't the !o!se!se that $ou re+arded all the scholars from theom'a!io!s to Shah Abdul Aziz as Shia i! o!e +o2 8f i! fact this issue )as i!troducedb$ the Shias- the!- do !ot mi!d- #a)lvi 0a!+ohi )ill be the bi++est Shia )ho )rites:D8t is established b$ tawatur that he had !o shado)2D J! the other ha!d- #a)lviAshraf Ali *ha!)i )rites i! Shukr al1Ni=ma ' ?C: D8t is famous that the /ro'het"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% had !o shado)D2 Jr the!- #ufti Aziz al1Rahma!- the #ufti of .eoba!d- is Shia )ho )rites i! Aziz al1(ata)a :?C?:D8mamSu$uti !arrated this hadith i! hasa$is al1ubra that the /ro'het "Allah bless hima!d +ive him 'eace% had !o shado): Hakim *irmidhi !arrates from Qak)a! that the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% had !o shado) !either i! the li+ht ofsu! !or moo!2 "*a)dhih al1Ba$a!- ' <?1<9%

A!s)er: *hese scholars actuall$ did !ot have the hadiths )hich )ere me!tio!edalread$ about the existe!ce of shado)2 Had these hadiths bee! before them- the$

)ould have !o sa$ about them2 *he$ did me!tio! that the /ro'het "Allah bless hima!d +ive him 'eace% had !o shado)- this hadith fi!all$ reaches to Sa$$id!a 8b!Abbas "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him%- but it is baseless a!d u!fou!ded2 *he hadithof Qak)a! is fake a!d fabricated or it is me!tio!ed )ith !o sanad2 *he!- )h$ shouldo!e base his belief o! such baseless hadiths i! s'ite of authe!tic a!d sahih hadiths2Si!ce the hadiths )hich 'rove !o shado) are u!fou!ded- therefore #al)a!a*ha!)i a!d other cautious scholars do !ot bother to o)! the res'o!sibilit$ of itsauthe!ticit$ a!d sa$ that it is famous that the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% !o shado)2 Hadhrat #ufti Aziz al1Rahma! had )ell re4ected the hadith ofshado)- but the said author dra!k it u' like mother=s milk2 Usul al1afi- )hichaccordi!+ to the Shias )as si+!ed a!d e!dorsed b$ 8mam #ahdi a!d certified to be

e!ou+h for his follo)ers- )e have me!tio!ed before )ith its refere!ce that the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% had !o shado)2 A!d )e have said thatthe issue of shado) )as first raised b$ the Shias2 Had there !ot bee! the sahihhadiths of bei!+ shado)- )e )ould have bee! at fault b$ o''osi!+ our elders- but)he! the sahih hadiths exist- )h$ to blame us 7e sa$ that such hadiths did !otreach the elders- other)ise )ho )ill dare o''ose the sahih hadiths A!d- si!ce the)ord =bashar= is u!der our discussio! )hich had occurred at !umerous 'laces i! the,ura! a!d there are sahih a!d clear hadith 'rovi!+ his shado) therefore all the#uslims should hold the belief that he had shado)2 A!d those )ho had !o access tosahih hadiths- the$ are excused- but those )ho came to k!o)- ho) ca! the$ beexcused

53



(ourth ha'ter

7e )ill @uote t)o ar+ume!ts of the o''o!e!t b$ )hich the$ ar+ued that the

/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% had !o shado)- the! their a!s)ers)ill follo)2 "(a$$az%

Ar+ume!t o2 <: *he Barelvi scholar #a)lvi 0hulam Rasul Sa=eedi )rites that thema4orit$ of #uslims believes that the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%had !o dark shado) si!ce he )as !ur a!d !ur had !o shado)2 *he 'roof of !ur a!dthe !e+atio! of shado) does !ot !ecessitate !e+atio! of his huma!it$ si!ce shado)is !ot !ecessaril$ characteristic to huma! bei!+ rather it is !ecessar$ for de!sehuma!it$- a!d the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive 'eace% )as so free from huma!de!sit$ a!d so subtle that he did !ot have dark shado)2 Also- this belief is zanni "su''ositious%- a!d such matters ca! be based u'o! su''ositious evide!ces2

#uhaddith 8b! Fa)zi i! al17afa bi Ah)al al1#ustafa ' C; a!d )ith his refrec!e#ulla Ali ,ari i! Fam= al17asa$il <:<;K a!d 8mam #u!a)i i! Sharh Shama$il =alaHamish Fam= al17asa$il <:K a!d <:<;K- )rite:

D8t is !arrated that Sa$$id!a 8b! =Abbas "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith them% stated:*he /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive 'eace% did !ot have shado)2 He did !ot sta!di! su! but his bri+ht!ess domi!ated that of the su! a!d he did !ot face the moo!but his li+ht overcame the li+ht of the moo!2D

*hereafter- the$ said: =Allama Nabha!i )rites i! 7as$il al17usul that the /ro'het"Allah bless him a!d +ive 'eace% )as !ur a!d !o shado) of him a''eared i! su! a!d

moo!li+ht2 Sa$$idi #uhammad bi! ,asim Fasus )rites i! (a)a$id Falila SharhShama$il #uhammadi$a <:9K: D8b! #ubarak a!d 8b! Fa)zi !arrated from Sa$$id!a8b! =Abbas "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith them% that the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d+ive him 'eace% did !ot have shado)2 He did !ot sta!d i! su! but his bri+ht!essdomi!ated that of the su! a!d he did !ot face the moo! but his li+ht overcame theli+ht of the moo! therefore he did !ot have shado)2D 8b! Saba= me!tio!s i! Shifaa!d ,adhi =8$adh as )ell that the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% had!o shado) !either i! su! !or i! moo!li+ht the reaso! bei!+ that his shado) ")hichis i! fact e@ual to his 'erso!alit$ i! status% is 'rotected from touchi!+ the +rou!d-soli!+ a!d bei!+ tram'led- or because shado) is a ki!d of dark!ess a!d cover for

!ur- )hile the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive 'eace% is bri+ht !ur- so ho) ca! hehave shado)- or that the su! a!d moo! )ere created out of his !ur a!d )erebrou+ht about due to his existe!ce- so ho) ca! their li+ht make his shado) si!cea!$thi!+ )hich causes existe!ce of somethi!+ ma$ !ot hide it2 8f it is said that the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is bashar as it is me!tio!ed i! the,ura!- the! ho) )ill he !ot have shado)2 7e )ill re'l$ that his huma!it$ isdiffere!t from that of other huma! bei!+s e2+2 rub$ is a sto!e- but it is differe!tfrom other sto!es2 Accordi!+ to Abul Hasa! Shadhili- he is !ur i! s'ite of bei!+bashar therefore he )as called !ur2 Sha$kh #uha@@i@ sa$s i! Sharh Hamzi$a that itis me!tio!ed i! the hadith of Umar "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him% that the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive 'eace% said: J Umar3 .o $ou k!o) )ho am 8 8 am

o!e )hom Allah #ost Hi+h created first of all- it )as m$ !ur- so it 'rostrated beforeAllah a!d remai!ed i! the same 'ositio! for seve! hu!dred $ears2 So- m$ !ur )as

54



first to 'rostrate- but 8 take !o 'ride2 J Umar3 .o $ou k!o) )ho am 8 8 am o!e from)hose !ur Allah created the *hro!e- He created the hair- the *ablet a!d the /e!out of m$ !ur2 He created the e$esi+ht throu+h m$ !ur2 *he mi!d )hich is i!side'eo'le=s head )as created out of m$ !ur2 Marifa "co+!iza!ce% )hich is harboured i!the heart of believers )as +ive! existe!ce due to m$ !ur- but 8 do !ot feel 'roud2

*hus- all the li+hts a!d nurs )ere created )ith his !ur- so all are derived from his!ur a!d his !ur is the ori+i! of all2 So- ho) ca! the derived li+ht sta!d beside theori+i!al li+ht2 *he!- ho) block1mi!ded the$ are )ho do !ot re+ard shado) for otherli+hts- but the$ 'rove the same for the ori+i!al !ur2 Sa=eedi "summar$ *a)dhih al1Ba$a!- ' <;91<;%

A!s)er: *he claim made b$ the said author that he had !o shado) )as the belief ofma4orit$ of #uslims is utterl$ u!fou!ded2 Si!ce- )he! his shado) is established b$sahih hadiths- ho) ca! the ma4orit$ of #uslims hold such belief based o! falsetraditio!s 7e have me!tio!ed the hadith of shado) i! *a!@id #ati! from#ustadrak Hakim a!d @uoted that 8mam Hakim a!d =Allama .hahabi- the ex'ert ofasma al-rijal- re+arded it sahih2 5ike)ise- )e have @uoted the hadith from *ab@at 8b!Sa=d- #us!ad Ahmad a!d #a4ma= al1Qa)a$id a!d the! cited their !arrators a!d thereliable 'ositio! of the hadith2 *he )ordi!+ of the a hadith of #a4ma= al1Qa)a$id isas follo)s: DSo- she sa) his shado) a!d said that the shado) seems of ma!- )hereasthe /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive 'eace% does !ot come to her- thereu'o! hee!tered2D "#a4ma= al1Qa)a$id :9?<%

8mam Haithami states: D8t )as !arrated b$ Ahamd- o!e of the !arrators is Suma$$a28mam Abu .a)ud a!d some others have !arrated from her2 No!e called him dha'if ")eak%2 *he other !arrators are reliable2D ":9?<%

*he )ords of a!other hadith are as follo)s: DSudde!l$ she sa) his shado) comi!+to her2D "#a4ma= al1Qa)a$id :9?9%

=Allama Haithami sa$s: D8t )as !arrated b$ al1*abra!i i! al1A)sat2 J!e of the!arrators is Suma$$a2 8mam Abu .a)ud a!d some others have !arrated from her2She )as !ot criticized b$ a!$o!e2 *he other !arrators are reliable2D ":9?9%

Ho) ca! the ma4orit$ of #uslims aba!do! these sahih hadiths )hereas there is !osahih hadith co!tradicti!+ to it *hese sahih hadiths are su''orted b$ a!otherhadith of #a4ma= al1Qa)a$id )hich )as !arrated b$ Sa$$id!a Abu Huraira "ma$

Allah be 'leased )ith him% as marfu' hadith i! the cha'ter of Salah *imi!+ )hich isas follo)s:

D*he!- he "Sa$$id!a Fibril% came to me a!d led the Asr Salah )he! m$ shado)became e@ual to m$ hei+ht2 *he !ext da$- he came a!d led the Quhr Salah )he! theshado) became e@ual to me2 *he! the !ext da$- he led the Asr Salah )he! m$shado) )as t)o fold2 "al1Bazzzr% Amo!+ the !arrators is Umar bi! Abdur Rahma!bi! Usaid bi! Abdur Rahma! bi! Qaid bi! al1hattab2 8b! Abi Hatim me!tio!ed hima!d said that he heard his father sa$i!+ that Abu Na=$im a!d Abdullah bi! Nafi=!arrated from him2 8 did !ot come across the i!troductio! of 8brahim bi! Nasr- theSha$kh of al1Bazzar2 *he other !arrators are reliable2 "#a4ma= al1Qa)a$id :9C9%

55



*he hadith tells that the first da$- Sa$$id!a Fibril "ma$ 'eace be u'o! him% led theAsr Salah )he! his shado) became e@ual to his hei+ht2 *he !ext da$- he came a!dled the Quhr Salah )he! the shado) became e@ual to his hei+ht2 *he! the !ext da$-he led the Asr Salah )he! his shado) became double of his shado)2 8t is i! harmo!$)ith the other hadith if it is read 'mithlayya' "i! dual form%: He led the Asr Salah

)he! shado) became double of his hei+ht2 #a4ma= al1Qa)a$id :9C9- !arrated fromSa$$id!a Abu Sa=$id al1hudri as marfu' hadith- it )as !arrated b$ Ahmad a!d b$ al1*abra!i i! al1abir- o!e of the !arrators is Abu 5uhai=a )ho is dha'if ")eak%2 8f it isread 'mithli'- the shado) )ill be e@ual to his hei+ht2 Ho)ever- the shado) is i! a!$case established2 Here- )e leave the lo!+ i!tellectual discussio! )hether the time ofQuhr a!d Asr are commo! as 8mam #alik a!d 8mam Shafi= hold "Bida$at al1#u4tahid<:<% a!d ar+ued )ith other hadiths havi!+ such co!te!ts or the time of Asr starts)he! the Quhr time comes to a! e!d as other 8mams have said a!d ar+ued )ith thehadith of Sahih #uslim <:??9 )hich sa$s that the Quhr time co!ti!ues till the timeof Asr2 *he$ re'l$ the former hadith that it does !ot focus o! fixi!+ of time- rather'roximit$ of time i2e2 the time of Asr o! first da$ )as closer to that of Quhr the otherda$- !ot that both the times )ere same2 *he other hadith !arrated b$ Sahih #uslimsu''orts it )hich sa$s: Dthe! he dela$ed Quhr u!til it )as closer to AsrD2 Ho)ever-the hadiths 'rovi!+ his shado) )hich )e 'rovided as su''ort are heavier tha!those 'rese!ted b$ the o''o!e!ts for !e+ati!+ his shado)2 *he other hadithsme!tio!ed earlier are beside these o!es2

7he! it is clearl$ 'roved b$ the ,ura! a!d Hadith that he is bashar a!d his shado)is established b$ sahih hadiths- the! the lame excuse of the said author that o!l$de!se huma!it$ has shado) !ot the subtle huma!it$ is 4ust a make1believe si!ce i!s'ite of his subtle huma!it$ a!d bei!+ like rub$ amo!+ the sto!es- accordi!+ to

sahih hadith he had shado)2 *herefore- there is !o room left for a!alo+ue i! the faceof ascertai!ed evide!ces from the ,ura! a!d Hadith2 8! deed- i! su''ositiousmatters " zanni%- the su''ositious ar+ume!ts are sufficie!t- but a belief ca!!ot besu''ositious a!d !either su''ositious ar+ume!t )ill suffice for the same2 *he saidauthor calls it a belief2 Mes- if a!$ matter or co!ce't is su''ositious- the!su''ositious evide!ce is e!ou+h for the same2 #oreover- it is also stra!+e thatestablished su''ositious matters "like sahih hadith !arrated b$ o!e chai!% is 'aid !oatte!tio! a!d u!fou!ded su''ositio! is take! as +ra!ted2 Ho) fair a!d 4ust is itHo)ever- i! the li+ht of sahih hadith- his shado) is a! u!de!iable fact2 8t is a!othermatter that a stubbor! is !ot read$ at a!$ cost to leave his 're4udice a!dstubbor!!ess- as this is the lovel$ a!d favourite st$le of the said author a!d his

+rou'- so ho) ca! this disease be remedied

As far as the hadith )hich the said author @uoted that his shado) )as !either see!i! su!li+ht !or i! moo!li+ht- )e have discussed it i! *a!@id #ati! )ith duerefere!ces2 J!e of the !arrators of the hadith is Abdur Rahma! bi! ,ais Qa=fara!i)ho is liar a!d fabricator2 Ho) the ruli!+ of Shari=a ca! be re4ected o! the basis ofsuch !arratio!2 8t seems stra!+e that the said author re'eatedl$ 'rese!ts the hadithof Sa$$id!a 8b! =Abbas "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith them% as his 'roof- but he ise!tirel$ u!able to @uote the credibilit$ of its sanad a!d !arrators from the books ofasma al-rijal2 8t is his academic a!d moral dut$ to fur!ish the sanad of the !arratio!a!d @uote the credibilit$ of the !arrators other)ise the hadith is i! !o )a$

acce'table2 5ike)ise- it is useless to @uote the texts of ulama about the !o!1existe!ce of shado) si!ce if he @uoted the texts of te! elders- )e sa$ it is of !o use

56



eve! if he 'rese!ts thousa!ds of such texts si!ce i! the 'rese!ce of sahih marfu' a!dmusnad hadith- !ot o!l$ te! thousa!d eve! te! millio! a!d te! billio! refere!ces ofelders )ill carr$ !o )ei+ht2 8t is a rule that ever$ o!e ca! be @uoted a!d u!@uotedexce't the #esse!+er of Allah- Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace2

As for he did !ot have shado) si!ce he )as !ur a!d the su! a!d moo! )ere createdout of his !ur- the! ho) their !ur ca! cover him- it is !o!se!se2 Similarl$- it is)ei+htless to sa$ that he had !o shado) so that it is !ot soiled a!d tram'led- a!dsi!ce the shado) is a re@uisite of dark!ess a!d he is bri+ht !ur etc2 (irst- )he!sahih hadiths established that he had !o shado)- the! )hat value these self1madem$stical claims have Seco!dl$- he is !ur i! i!ta!+ible se!se !ot ta!+ible so it ismad!ess to treat i!ta!+ible !ur i! the same )a$2 *hirdl$- subservie!t has !o suchvalue )hich ori+i!al has a!d his shado) is sub4ect a!d subservie!t to his hol$ bod$a!d his self2 8t is also obvious i! #akkah the 'laces a!d 'ath)a$s )here he 'ut hishol$ feet )ere !ecessaril$ tram'led b$ disbelievers a!d 'ol$theists2 8t is evide!tthat the 'ath)a$s )ere used b$ commo! me! eve! a!imals- the! )h$ his shado)-)hich is sub4ect to his bod$- )as 'rotected from tram'li!+ but the 'laces )hich hisfeet touched )ere !ot 'rotected from the i!fidels a!d 'ol$theists2 7hat is thereaso! Accordi!+ to this self desi+!ed lo+ic- it )as a''ro'riate that his feet did !ottouch the +rou!d- so that it is !ot tram'led b$ a!$ i!fidel a!d 'ol$theist si!ce the'ol$theists are im'ure2 His feet should have bee! 'rotected from such i!ta!+ibleim'urit$2 *hus- he should have !ot set his feet o! +rou!d a!d travel al)a$s o!board2But the case is !ot so2 8t is also established that the 'ol$theists loaded im'urei!testi!e of camel o! his !eck )he! he )as 'erformi!+ salah i! #as4id al1Haram2"Sahih Bukhari <:9;%

Also- it is established b$ hadith that o!ce the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% )as 'erformi!+ salah- Sa$$id!a Fibril "ma$ 'eace be u'o! him% came a!di!formed him that his shoes )ere soiled )ith filth2 "Abu .a)ud <:>- #us!ad .armi?<- #a)arid al1Qam=a! tra!slatio! <C;- #ustadrak Hakim <:?KC2 Al1Hakim a!d al1.hahabi sa$: the hadith is sahih a!d fulfils the co!ditio!s set b$ 8mam #uslim-#ishkat <:;9% Jbviousl$- the shoes )ere soiled )ith dirt o!l$ because he )alked overim'urit$ "i! com'ulsio! or u!co!sciousl$%2 8t is stra!+e that it !ot harmful )he!his shoes a!d feet )alk over filth- but )he! the shado) falls over such thi!+ it isde!ied2 Similarl$- it makes !o 'oi!t for the said author that the /ro'het "Allah blesshim a!d +ive him 'eace% holds subtle a!d hi+h 'ositio! of bashar- or that his !ur)as created before the ruh- or that it 'rostrates before Allah #ost Hi+h- or that his

!ur is ori+i!al a!d the other !urs are derivative si!ce accordi!+ to sahih hadith hehad shado) a!d !o other hadith "of differe!t mea!i!+% is 'roved b$ sanad, so ho)ca! such !arratio!s be cou!ted2 Eve! if the$ are acce'ted- the! also it is of !o usefor the said author si!ce his !ur "i! the se!se of ruh% is the ori+i! because of bei!+first created- but it is i!ta!+ible !ur )hich causes li+ht "ma'rifa% i! the hearts ofbelievers- !ot ta!+ible !ur2 Ho) u!fortu!ate a!d sto!e1hearted are those )ho de!$his shado) b$ de!$i!+ the sahih hadiths a!d 'refer the fallible stateme!ts2

Ar+ume!t o2 ?: 8ma! Falaluddi! Su$uti "d2 << AH% )rites: DHakim *irmidhi!arrated from the chai! of Abdur Rahma! bi! ,ais Qa=fara!i- from Abdul #alik bi!Abdullah bi! al17alid- from Sa$$id!a Qak)a! that the #esse!+er of Allah "Allah

bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% had shado) !either i! su!li+ht !or moo!li+ht2"hasa$is al1ubra <:;<%

57



*his !arratio! 'roves that the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% had !oshado) a!d )he! he did !ot have shado) he )as !ot bashar2

A!s)er: *his hadith is !ot acce'table a!d reliable2 (irst- because o!e of its

!arrators is Abdur Rahma! bi! ,ais Qa=fara!i- he is called liar b$ 8mam AbdurRahma! bi! #ahdi2 8mam Ahmad bi! Ha!bal sa$s: his hadith is )eak- he isaba!do!ed2 8mam Abu Qur=a calls him kadhdhab "bi+ liar%2 8mam #uslim bi! al1Ha44a4sa$s that his hadiths are u!acce'table2 8mam Abu Ali sa$s he used to fabricatehadiths2 8mam Nasai calls him as matruk al-hadith "o!e )hose hadiths areaba!do!ed%- )hile 8mam Sa4i sa$s that he )as dha'if ")eak%2 "*arikh Ba+hdad <C:?><1?>?%

All these comme!ts are re'orted b$ Hafiz 8b! Ha4ar =As@ala!i i! *ahdhib al1*ahdhib2He added that accordi!+ to 8mam =Adi- most of his hadiths are !ot su''orted b$other reliable !arrators a!d Hakim Abu Ahmad sa$s that his hadiths )ere forsake!-)hile 8mam Abu Na=im Asfahai sa$s that he )as !othi!+2 "*ahdhib al1*ahdhib K:?>%

Seco!dl$- #ulla Ali ,ari sa$s: DHakim *irmidhi !arrated this hadith i! Na)adir al1Usul from Abdur Rahma! bi! ,ais- )ho is criticised2 Abdur Rahma! !arrated it fromAbdul #alik bi! Abdullah bi! 7alid- )ho is u!k!o)!2 "Sharh al1Shifa ?:??- E+$'t%So alo!+ )ith a fabricator !arrator- this hadith )as !arrated b$ a majhul "u!k!o)!%!arrator too2

*hirdl$- Qak)a! is a Tabi'i- he did !ot directl$ meet the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d+ive him 'eace%2 Had it bee! a!$ derivative " far'i% issue- it )ould have bee! treated

so- but si!ce it is a matter of belief therefore ho) o!e ca! acce't baseless!arratio!s com'ared to ,ura!ic verses a!d sahih hadiths a!d ho) ca! o!e fou!d hisreli+io! over them2 8!teresti!+ e!ou+h- 8mam Su$uti himself )rites- at other 'lace-about Abdur Rahma! bi! ,ais al1Qa=fara!i that he )as kadhdhab "bi+ liar% a!dwadhdha' "fabricator%2 "#a!ahil al1Safa fi *akhri4 Ahadith al1Shifa- ' ;% *his!arratio! )as me!tio!ed i! Na)adir al1Usul )hich )as )ritte! b$ Abu Abdullah#uhammad bi! Ali al1Hussei! "d2 ?>> AH%2 Shah Abdul Aziz #uhaddith .ehla)istates: D#ost of the hadiths me!tio!ed i! Na)adir al1Usul are u!reliable2

Jb4ectio!: As far as !o!1existe!ce of shado) is co!cer!ed- accordi!+ to Ahl al-Sunna wa al-%ama'at the 'referable o'i!io! is that he did !ot have shado) a!d si!ce

this is a zanni belief therefore zanni ar+ume!ts )ill suffice to 'rove it2 But- the 'oi!traised b$ #a)lvi Sarfaraz attributi!+ to Ahl al-Sunna that )he! he did !ot haveshado)- he )as !ot a bashar is a hei!ous exam'le of mere fabricatio! a!d lie2 *hebooks of Ahl al-Sunna are teemi!+ )ith the 'roofs a!d researches of his huma!it$27e had alread$ me!tio!ed the text of Sadr al-Afadhil But- it is !ot the belief of Ahlal-Sunna )hich the .eoba!dis believe about him bei!+ bashar like commo!i!dividual2 7e believe that he )as a matchless huma! bei!+ a!d had !o 'eer as 'erhis 'erfect attributes a!d @ualities2 But- as for this ar+ume!t that admitti!+ hishuma!it$ )ill certai!l$ re@uire that he had !o shado)- it is !othi!+ butbullheaded!ess a!d i+!ora!ce si!ce his huma!it$ ca!!ot be a!alo+ised to that ofother commo! 'eo'le2 (irst- si!ce his hol$ self combi!es huma!it$ as )ell nur i!

'erfect 'ro'ortio!s a!d !ur has !o shado)2 Seco!d- shado) is the dark!ess of a'lace )hich occurs b$ i!terve!i!+ of kathif "solidTde!se% substa!ce i! bet)ee! the

58



li+ht2 *he huma!it$ of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is free fromkathafat "de!sit$% a!d it is so subtle that it 'asses throu+h !ur a!d thus !o shado)a''ears2

Sarfarz Sahib @uoted the hadith of Qak)a! a!d said that it is !ot reliable2

A!s)er: "<% 8! deed !o )eak hadith ca! be 'rese!ted to establish a defi!ite belief-but zanni ar+um!es ca! suffice to 'orve a zanni belief2 *herefore- this hadith )illsurel$ be acce'ted i! this cha'ter2 "?% /rovi!+ a belief is somethi!+ a!d su''orti!+it is somethi!+ else the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% is !ur as 'erthe ,ura! a!d !ur has !o shado) so as su''ort the hadith is !o doubt acce'table2"9% 8t is the u!a!imous belief of !earl$ the e!tire Ummah that he had !o shado)2 As)ell- the ex'erts of hadith 'ri!ci'les re+arded 'o'ularit$ of a hadith as a 'roof of itscredibilit$2 "% 8mam Su$uti re'orted the hadith i! hasa$is al1ubra a!d 'rovidedthe !ecessar$ 'roof that the hadith is acce'table to him2 *he loft$ 'ositio! he holdi! Hadith scie!ces is e@uall$ acce'ted b$ o''o!e!ts a!d ex'o!e!ts2 ">% 8f $ou hatethe hadith- !o matter- but $ou should acce't the hadith of al-afa !arrated b$ 8b!Abbas "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith them%2 A!d if !ot- the! there is a!other hadith ofSa$$id!a Usma! "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him% re'orted i! *afsir #adarik =alaHamish al1hazi! 9:9??- he said: Allah did !ot let his shado) at +rou!d lest a!$o!eshould 'ut his feet over it2 8t is !ot Qak)a!=s 'erso!al stateme!t that $ou couldre4ect it o! the +rou!d that he did !ot directl$ meet the /ro'het "Allah bless hima!d +ive him 'eace% a!d mursal hadith is !ot acce'table to the Ha!afis of .eoba!d2 8tis the stateme!t of Sa$$id!a Usma! "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him% )ho used toaccom'a!$ the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% i! a!d out of statio!-)ho had the cro)! of 4ma ana 'alaihi wa ashabi4 ")hat 8 a!d m$ om'a!io!s follo)%-

)ho holds the fla+ of Dashabi ka al-nujumD "m$ om'a!io!s are like stars% a!d )hohas the ho!our of D'alaikum bi sunnatiD "$ou should hold fast m$ )a$%2 8t is thestateme!t of such a om'a!io! )hose stateme!t is e@ual to hadith2 #oreover- itbecame like marfu' hadith )he! it )as 'rese!ted i! the court of the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace%2 8f $ou do !ot acce't Sa$$id!a Usma!i "ma$ Allah be'leased )ith him% the! #a)lvi Rashid Ahmad 0a!+ohi- the leader of .eoba!d-)rites i! 8mdad al1Suluk ' K: D8t is established b$ tawatur that the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% did !ot have shado) a!d obviousl$ ever$ thi!+exce't !ur has shado)2D Sa$$id!a Usma! mi+ht be u!acce'table to $ou- but thestateme!t of .eoba!d=s 'arameter must be acce'table for $ou2 No)- sa$ )hat $oucomme!t A matter established throu+h tawatur is zanni or qat'i "defi!ite% Ho)

u!4ust it is- if )e ack!o)led+e it as zanni )e are !othi!+ short of kafir - mushrik a!dbid'ati- a!d )he! $our 0a!+ohi labels it )ith tawatur a!d defi!ite- he remai!s asSha$kh2 7hat is the tech!i@ue )hich cha!+es shirk a!d bid'at to tawhid a!d Su!!a7hat is the talisma! from )hich $ou 'rotect $our ma)lvis from the fat)as of shirk a!d bid'at *he Fe)s left )orshi''i!+ their scholars a!d rabbis- but )he! )ill $ousto' doi!+ so

8t is )ritte! i! al1#a)ahib al15adu!!i$a Sharh Shama$il #uhammadi$a ' 9C: 8b! al1#ubarak a!d 8b! Fa)zi "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! them% !arrate that the /ro'het"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% had !o shado)2 7hile it is )ritte! i! Qur@a!i:?C: D8b! al1#ubarak a!d 8b! Fa)zi "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! them% !arrated from

Sa$$id!a 8b! Abbas "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith them% had !o shado)- he did !otsta!d i! su! but his !ur domi!ated the su!2D *his is !ot a mursal hadith like that of

59



Qak)a!- rather muttasil hadith of Sa$$id!a 8b! Abbas "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ithhim% a!d it )as !arrated b$ a critic of Hadith like 8b! al1Fa)zi- )ho re+arded ma!$+ood hadiths as false a!d fake2 So- havi!+ doubt i! such hadith is !othi!+ butstubbor!!ess2 *he i!fri!+eme!t a!d astra$ me!talit$ of #a)lvi Sarfaraz ca! beima+i!ed from the matter that he re+arded the hadith of Qak)a! as 'roof of the

maslak of Ahl al-Sunna so that he ca! satisf$ himself b$ re4ecti!+ shado) for the#esse!+er of Allah "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%2 He devised a +ood'rete!ce to decrease the +ra!deur of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace%- but he )as u!a)are that this humiliatio! is his o)! fate2 *he filth$ ha!dexte!ded to the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% a!d his arde!tfollo)ers retur!ed to him )ith all the filth2 ,adhi =8$adh #aliki )rites i! Shifa <:?9:as for his shado) !ot a''eari!+ i! the su!li+ht a!d moo!li+ht- it is because he )as!ur2 Shihab al1.i! hifa4i )rites its comme!tar$ i! Nasim al1Ri$adh 9:9<: i2e2 hishol$ latif "subtle% bod$ did !ot have shado)- latif i!dicates that his huma!it$ is freefrom kathafat "de!sit$% so subtle that he did !ot !eed li+ht- eve! it caused darkshado)2 He further sa$s that 8b! al1Fa)zi !arrated i! al17afa from Sa$$id!a 8b!Abbas "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him% that he did !ot have shado)2 All these elderscholars have based the !e+atio! of shado) o! the hadith of Sa$$id!a 8b! Abbas"ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him%- but #a)lvi Sarfaraz left this muttasil hadith a!dbased it o! the hadith of Qak)a! so that he ca! )eake! the 'oi!t b$ citi!+ the)eak!ess of the hadith a!d its !arrators2 "Inna lillah: % 7hile ex'lai!i!+ thestateme!t of ,adhi =8$adh Dsi!ce he )as !urD- #ulla Ali al1,ari )rites i! Sharh Shifa<:;>9: i2e2 he )as ori+i!all$ !ur a!d !ur has !o shado) si!ce it has !o kathafat *hesame thi!+ is me!tio!ed i! Na)adir )hich is as follo)s: DHis shado) )as !eithervisible i! su!li+ht !or moo!li+ht2 *his )as !arrated b$ Halabi from 8b! Sab=2 Sha$khAbdul Ha@ sa$s i! #adari4 al1Nubu))a <:?<: Nur is o!e of the !ames of the /ro'het

"Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% a!d !ur has !o shado)2 At a!other 'lace i!#adari4 al1Nubu))a <:<K< he )rites: Sa$$id!a Usma! "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ithhim% said that the shado) of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% did!ot fall o! +rou!d lest it falls o! im'ure la!d2 Shah Abdul Aziz sa$s i! *afsir Azizi'art 9C- ' ?<: His shado) did !ot fall at +rou!d2 "summar$ from *a)dhih al1Ba$a!<;K1<?%

ote: 8t is to be !oted that all refere!ces a!d ar+ume!ts 'rese!ted b$ the saidauthor are take! from ha! Sahib=s books like Naf$ al1(a$ etc2

A!s)er: 7e shall tr$ to re'l$ i! the same order2 Mour ki!d atte!tio! is re@uired:

"<% 7he! the huma!it$ of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% isestablished b$ defi!ite a!d clear 'roofs a!d his shado) is also established b$sahih hadiths- the! ho) the Ahl al-Sunna ca! o''ose it a!d hold a differe!tbelief a!d ho) ca! this be their favourite belief Rather- this is the belief ofi!!ovators a!d it befits them si!ce the$ have bitter e!mit$ to)ards trutha!d +e!ui!e evide!ces2

"?% All the beliefs are qat'i "defi!ite% a!d the$ re@uire defi!ite evide!ces2/ro4ecti!+ a!$ issue- co!ce't a!d ruli!+ as 'aqida is a+ai!st the !orms ofterms a!d such homemade terms ma$ !ot affect the realit$2

"9% U!doubtedl$- there are ma!$ amo!+ the i!!ovators )ho believe i! him as

bashar- but some also believe that he )as created out of Allah=s !ur- a!d the$call it the belief of Ahl al-Sunna wa al-%ama'at as )e have @uoted )ith

60



refere!ce2 *he!- to re+ard it )orst exam'le of fabricatio! a!d lie is toestablish o!e=s o)! i+!ora!ce a!d stubbor!!ess2 But- as far as the sa$i!+ ofthe said author is co!cer!ed that the .eoba!dis re+ard him huma! bei!+like commo! i!dividual- this is sheer falsificatio! a!d 'revaricatio! becausethe$ believe that he )as a matchless huma! bei!+ a!d had !o 'eer as 'er his

'erfect attributes a!d @ualities2 7e have alread$ me!tio!ed that he issu'erior to all i! +ood @ualities a!d characters- he is best of all huma!bei!+s- !o!e is e@ual to him i! these @ualities2 But- i! bei!+ bashar a!dhavi!+ huma! @ualities i!cludi!+ shado) he is like other huma! bei!+s as'er the ,ura!ic verse: D8 am but a huma! bei!+ like $ou2 "<:K% *here is !odoubt at all2 As far as the )ords like matchless a!d 'eerless are co!cer!ed- if the$ mea! that !either there is a!$ match for him !or his match )ill becreated till @i$ama- it is alri+ht2 =Allama 8@bal ex'ressed the same mea!i!+i! this cou'let: "Urdu%

Th" fa*" $f th" 9r$2h"t <Allah bl"ss him and i7" him 2"a*"= is su*h a mirr$r

A mat*h $f whi*h was n"ith"r th$uht n$r a7ailabl" in th" mark"t

But- if it mea!s that for exam'le if Allah )a!ts to create his 'eer a!d matchHe )ill !ot be able to do so- this is the belief of i!!ovators !ot that of Ahl al-Sunna si!ce the$ believe i! the verse: DAllah is 'o)erful to do a!$thi!+D2

"% 7he! it is established b$ defi!ite sources that he )as bashar as 'er his'erso! a!d ki!d- a!d eve! the said author ack!o)led+es him bashar as 'erki!d- a!d !ur is his @ualit$ thus shado) is established for him as 'erreli+ious sources a!d reaso! too si!ce it is o!e of the re@uisites of huma!it$a!d 'roved b$ sahih hadiths2 8t is !othi!+ !ut stubbor!!ess to de!$ it2

">% His hol$ bod$ due to i!ter!al a!d exter!al 'h$sical a!d s'iritual 'erfectio!)as !ot o!l$ subtle rather subtler- but after all it )as !ot i!visible for 'eo'lelike the existe!ce of a!+els a!d 4i!! )ho are usuall$ i!visible2 7he! his hol$bod$ )as visible a!d could be see! b$ ever$o!e- the! )h$ shado) )asstra!+e for him2

"K% Ever$ belief is qat'i "defi!ite% !ot zanni "i!defi!ite or su''ositious%- thei!defi!ite ca!!ot affect the defi!ite2 8t is )ritte! i! Sharh al1=A@a$id ' <C<:Dthe zann "su''ositio!s% have !o role i! the matters of beliefD2 *he !arratio!of Qak)a! !e+ates the shado) a!d thus i!directl$ re4ects his )ell1established co!ce't of huma!it$- )hile it )as !arrated b$ !arrators )ho arefabricators- so ho) it is reliable *herefore this !arratio! is @uite

u!acce'table- it is i! !o )a$ reliable2 8t sou!ds +ood to o!l$ the i!!ovatorsto 'lease their diseased hearts b$ such false hadiths a!d mostl$ the$ do so2 8tis their liki!+ a!d the hei+ht of their k!o)led+e2

";% J! )hich defi!ite evide!ce $our belief of !o!1shado) is based for )hich $ouare taki!+ su''ort of this false a!d baseless !arratio! (irst of all- $oushould take out the defi!ite evide!ce from $our ba++a+e a!d the! 'rese!tthis false hadith to stre!+the! it2 His bei!+ !ur )hich is 'roved o!l$ b$ o!e'robable tafsir !ot defi!ite is o!l$ as 'er @ualit$ !ot as 'er his 'erso! a!dki!d2 7hile his bei!+ bashar is defi!itel$ established a!d it deems shado)!ecessar$- a!d it is so 'roved b$ sahih hadiths2 *hus- su''orti!+ such va+uea!d su''ositious ar+ume!t b$ false hadith is !othi!+ but to 'ile u'

i+!ora!ce2

61



"% Nearl$ the e!tire Ummah a+rees that he had shado)- !ot the vice versa"some elders do !ot co!stitute the )hole Ummah% si!ce the e!tire Ummahbelieves i! him as bashar a!d a bashar !ecessaril$ has shado)2 *he e!tireUmmah believes i! sahih hadiths a!d the sahih hadiths 'rove that he hadshado)2 7hether- accordi!+ to the said author- a!$ ijma ca! occur a+ai!st a

ruli!+ established b$ the ,ura! a!d Hadith No doubt- talaqqi bi al-qubul "'o'ularit$% is acce'table to muhaddithi!- but o!l$ i! )eak hadith !ot i!false a!d fake hadiths2 A!d here !ot eve! talaqqi "'o'ularit$% is fou!d- ratherit )as re4ected em'haticall$2

"% U!doubtedl$- 8mam Su$uti "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% )as a scholar ofbroad lear!i!+ a!d k!o)led+e- but !either he is cou!ted o!e amo!+ theimams of jarh a!d ta'dil "scruti!$ of hadith% !or he sticks to sahih hadiths i!his book hasa$is al1ubra "etc%2 hasa$is al1ubra is full of fake a!dfabricated !arratio!s therefore it is !ot im'erative for hadith to be sahih orreliable 4ust b$ bei!+ me!tio!ed i! his book2 *he o''o!e!ts a!d ex'o!e!tsack!o)led+e him o!l$ as a ma! of broad lear!i!+- but !ot i! cate+orizi!+a!d classif$i!+ hadith si!ce it is !ot his sub4ect2 Mes- the case is differe!t ifthe hadith has a sanad a!d all of its !arrators are reliable a!d the hadith isverified b$ other muhaddithi! as )ell to be sahih or hasan2

8mam Su$uti- i! his o)! book al1Fami= al1abir- describes the criteria ofhadith to be sahih a!d )eak- this should be !oted b$ the said author a!d hisadhere!ts- he sa$s: DEver$ !arratio! attributed to al1=A@ili- 8b! =Adi- hatibBa+hdadi- 8b! Asakir- Hakim *irmidhi a!d some others is )eak2 8t is e!ou+hfor a hadith to be )eak to be attributed to them2 "Note of al1#urah fi al1#aizah <> b$ =Allama Badruddi! Abu al1Barakat al10hazzi d2 %

A!d this hadith of Qak)a! "!arrated throu+h Abdur Rahma! ,ais al1Qa=fara!i% )as !arrated i! hasa$is al1ubra from Hakim *irmidhi- so )hatis doubt i! its bei!+ )eak

=Allama Sa$$id Sulaima! Nad)i "d2 <9;9 AH% )rites that =Allama Su$uti=shasa$is al1ubra )hich )as 'ublished i! H$derabad ".ecca!% is the mostelaborative a!d com'rehe!sive book o! mu'jizat "miracles%2 =Allama Su$utihas 'iled u' all ki!ds of eve!ts )hether stro!+ or )eak- ri+ht or )ro!+2"Sirat al1Nabi 9:K?>- 5ahore%

"<C% 7e )a!t to k!o) the sanad a!d !arrators of the hadith of Sa$$id!a 8b!Abbas "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him% )hich the said author has !arratedfrom al17afa a!d )hich he )a!ts to im'ose o! us b$ calli!+ it muttasil 7ere@uire it to be verified b$ the books of asma al-rijal2 8s it !ot dijl "dece'tio!%to forcefull$ im'ose a hadith as muttasil )ithout 'roof 5ike)ise- )hat is the sanad of the hadith of #adarik !arrated b$ Sa$$id!a Usma! "ma$ Allah be'leased )ith him% Bei!+ khalifa, the stateme!t of Sa$$id!a Usma! "ma$Allah be 'leased )ith him% is !o doubt )ei+ht$ 'rovided its credibilit$ isestablished2 *he sanad a!d !arrators of the hadith are u!k!o)! a!d thebooks of tafsir co!tai! all t$'es of sahih a!d )eak hadiths therefore it is !o'roof that the$ are me!tio!ed i! a!$ tafsir book2 Ho)ever- this hadith is

!either sahih as 'er its sanad !or it is reliable2 8t should have bee!co!sidered marfu' had it bee! acce'table as 'er sanad2 But- )he! its sanad is

62



!ot sahih- rather it has !o sanad, the! ho) o!e ca! forcefull$ im'ose it asmarfu' a!d )ho )ill acce't it so

As for the blame made b$ the said author that the Ha!afis of .eoba!dis do!ot acce't mursal hadith- it is sheer i+!ora!ce2 *he Ulama of .eoba!d deem

mursal hadith reliable 'rovided it has correct sanad a!d it is !ot co!tradicted)ith a!$ sahih a!d hasa! muttasil2 But this hadith holds !o such 'ositio!si!ce o! o!e ha!d this hadith !arrated b$ Qak)a! i!cludes liar a!dfabricator !arrator )ho is )holl$ u!acce'table- )hile o! the other ha!dsahih hadiths 'rovi!+ his shado) are available- so ho) to rel$ this hadith

"<<% Si!ce the books like #us!ad Ahmad- #a4ma= al1Qa)a$id- *aba@at 8b! Sa=detc )ere scarcel$ available at the time of Hadhrat 0a!+ohi "ma$ Allah havemerc$ o! him% a!d he did !ot k!o) the hadiths of shado) therei!2 Somebooks me!tio!ed the hadiths that he did !ot have shado) b$ )ords likeruwiya etc- therefore o! the +rou!d of its 'o'ularit$ the$ )ere called asmutawatir i! 8mdad al1Suluk2 A!d the se!se of !ur- )hich he a''lies to him-a''lies to his adhere!ts too a!d he admits his huma!it$ ver$ clearl$ a!dbelieves i! him as huma! bei!+2 Mes- he believes that he )as free fromshado) of im'urit$ a!d revulsio! due to 'urificatio! of his self2 So he- i!res'o!se to a @uer$ that i! )hat se!se the /ro'het is like us- )rites i!(ata)a Rashidi$a "<:<?- Ba@i /ress- .elhi%: Dthe$ are e@ual i! bei!+ basharitself- thou+h he is most 'ure a!d sublime bashar2D

7hile- he sa$s i! 8mdad al1Suluk: DAllah #ost Hi+h asserts clearl$ thatsuccess is surel$ achieved b$ him )ho 'urifies himselfD ";:<% i2e2 he

removed im'urit$ a!d revulsio! )ith the s)ord of mujahida "stru++le% a!db$ o''osi!+ the car!al desires2 *herefore- Allah sa$s about his beloved/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%: D*here has come to $ou- fromAllah- a 5i+ht a!d clear bookD2 5i+ht "!ur% mea!s the /ro'het "Allah blesshim a!d +ive him 'eace%2 Also- Allah sa$s: J 'ro'het- 7e have se!t $ou as a)it!ess a!d as a bearer of +ood !e)s a!d a )ar!er- a!d as the o!e )ho calls"'eo'le% to)ards Allah )ith His 'ermissio!- a!d as siraj munir "a lumi!ouslam'%2 99:>1KO munir is o!e )ho +ives li+ht2 Had it bee! im'ossible toe!li+hte! the huma! bei!+ the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%)ould !ot have 'ossessed this @ualit$ si!ce the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d+ive him 'eace% is also from the desce!da!ts of Sa$$id!a Adam "ma$ 'eace

be u'o! him% but he 'urified himself a!d became 'ure !ur a!d thus Allah#ost Hi+h called him !ur2 8t is established b$ mutawatir hadith that the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% did !ot have shado) a!d it isobvious that all 'h$sical bodies have shado) exce't !ur2 5ike)ise- he'urified his follo)ers so vi+orousl$ that the$ also tur!ed i!to !ur as thebooks are full )ith their stories a!d charismas a!d the$ are too 'o'ular to be@uoted2 Allah sa$s: D*hose )ho believed )ith him- their li+ht )ill ru! beforethem a!d to their ri+ht ha!dsD2 KK:O At a!other 'lace- He said: DJ! the .a$)he! $ou )ill see the believi!+ me! a!d the believi!+ )ome!- their li+ht'roceedi!+ i! fro!t of them a!d to their ri+ht ha!ds- the .a$ )he! theh$'ocrite me! a!d h$'ocrite )ome! )ill sa$ to those )ho believe- )ait for

us- so that )e ma$ have a share from $our li+ht2D >;:<?1<9O *hese t)o versesclearl$ i!dicate that o!e ca! attai! ima! a!d !ur b$ follo)i!+ Sharia2 *he

63



/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% said: Allah #ost Hi+h createdme out of His !ur a!d the believers out of m$ !ur2 He said: J Allah3 #ake !uri! m$ ears- e$es a!d heart rather make m$ )hole bod$ !ur2 So- had bei!+'urified as !ur bee! 'ossible for ma!ki!d- *he /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d+ive him 'eace% )ould !ot have made this 'ra$er si!ce 'ra$i!+ for

im'ossible thi!+s is 'rohibited2 Also- Sha$kh Abul Hasa! Nuri "ma$ Allahhave merc$ o! him% )as called nuri because he )as see! i! !ur ma!$ a timesa!d !ur )as see! risi!+ from the +raves of ma!$ 'ious me! a!d mart$rs2*his !ur is of their 'urified heart- )he! their selves attai! hi+h status their!ur is absorbed i! the bod$ a!d slo)l$ becomes 'art of the bod$ a!d taste25ater- eve! if the soul leaves the bod$- the! also the bod$ remai!sfou!tai!head of li+hts as it )as i! their lifetime2D "8mdad al1Suluk <>K1<>;-utub ha!a Sharf al1Rashid- Shahkot%

7e have @uoted this lo!+ extract so that it becomes clearer that the se!se i!)hich Hadhrat 0a!+ohi calls the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% a!d his follo)ers as !urit is !ot ta!+ible !ur- rather i!ta!+ible )hichis achieved b$ 'urificatio! of heart- refi!eme!t- 'urit$ a!d follo)i!+ Sharia2So- after bei!+ !ur i! this se!se- o!e remai!s huma! bei!+- bashar a!d o!eof the childre! of Adam "ma$ 'eace be u'o! him%2 8! vie) of the text- if thefollo)ers of the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% had shado)-a!d defi!itel$ the$ had- the! the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% should also have shado) si!ce accordi!+ to Sha$kh 0a!+ohi hisfollo)ers also tur!ed i!to !ur2 *hus- shado) mea!s the reflectio! of car!alim'urities a!d filth )hich a''lies to all nuri 'eo'le due to follo)i!+ Sharia-'urif$i!+ heart a!d 'urit$ of nafs2 Jther)ise- )e )ill have to !e+ate the

shado) of those )hom he called !ur- )hereas it is 'erha's !ot acce'tablefor the said author a!d his follo)ers too2 7e !either called the de!iers ofshado) for the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% as kafir a!d mushrik !or i!!ovators2 *his is im'urit$ of his heart that the said authorattributes such lies to us for alie!ati!+ 'eo'le from us2 B$ Allah=s +race- )e!either )orshi''ed our clerics a!d mo!ks i! 'ast !or )e do so !o)- it ischaracteristic to them that the$ leave !o as'ect of the verse Dthe$ Fe)sOhave take! their rabbis a!d mo!ks as +ods beside Allah ":9<% a!d this is avaluable asset of them2

"<?% All the refere!ces made to #a)ahib 5adu!!i$a- Qur@a!i- itab al17afa-

Shifa- Nasim al1Ri$adh- Sharh Shifa of #ulla Ali al1,ari- #adari4 al1Nubu))a- *afsir Azizi etc about !o!1existe!ce of shado)- ca! be re'liedthat the !arratio!s of !o!1shado) )ere re'orted b$ some a!d it )asco!sidered mu'jiza but the$ did !ot have the sahih hadiths before their e$es2*hus- based u'o! the !arratio!s of !o!1shado)- the elders held the vie) of!o!1shado)- )hereas the !arratio! is baseless- rather sahih a!d clear1cuthadiths are co!tradictor$ to it2

7e have 'rese!ted sahih hadith 'rovi!+ that the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ivehim 'eace% had shado)- )hile the said author @uoted refere!ces of some scholarsthat he had !o shado)2 So- i!stead of @uoti!+ some refere!ces i! res'o!se- it seems

a''ro'riate to re'l$ the said author i! his o)! )ords2 7hile discussi!+ dhikr bi al- jahr "loud dhikr %- )e res'o!ded the hadith of Sa$$id!a 8b! Abbas "ma$ Allah be

64



'leased )ith him% that loud dhikr a!d takbir existed i! the a+e of the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% b$ @uoti!+ 8mam Shafi=i "ma$ Allah have merc$ o!him% that the hadith is abro+ated2 7e said that this stateme!t of him is based o!!arratio!s a!d it is su''orted b$ res'ected imams- a!d he himself is mujtahid mutlaq2

*his )as res'o!ded b$ the said author i! the follo)i!+ )ords: D5et alo!e 8mamShafi=i- if a om'a!io! ex'resses his vie) a+ai!st the hadith of the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% his 'erso!al o'i!io! i! the face of /ro'hetic hadith isu!acce'table2 U!til he comme!ted: ma$be the o'i!io! of 8mam Shafi=i is sufficie!tfor $ou- but )here ca! )e +o exce't to the /ro'het himself2 ".hikr bi al1Fahr- ? !d Editio!- ' <?>%

At a!other 'lace he sa$s: As far as 8mam Shafi=i=s broad k!o)led+e a!d 'iet$ isco!cer!ed- it is established- but )he! he )ill ex'ress a!$ vie) a+ai!st the sahihhadith- it )ill !ot be acce'ted2 ".hikr bi al1Fahr- ?!d Editio!- ' <C;%

#oreover- he )rites: DBehold3 7he! a matter is established b$ hadith a!d there is!o defi!ite evide!ce from ,ura! a!d Hadith a+ai!st it- the! acti!+ u'o! the hadithis i! fact re@uired b$ the reli+io!2 A!d a!$ 'erso! )hatever elevated 'ositio! ofsai!t a!d scholar he ma$ have )ho has his o'i!io! i! co!tradictio! )ith clear1cuthadith- the! leavi!+ his 'erso!al o'i!io! i! the face of sahih hadith is hidaya a!dstrai+ht )a$ of the reli+io!2 *he later scholar )hatever excelle!t a!dk!o)led+eable he ma$ be- he ca!!ot overtake the om'a!io!s2 A!d )he! there is arule that the stateme!t of a om'a!io! )ill be re4ected i! com'ariso! to hadith- sosee )he! the om'a!io!=s o'i!io! is !ot acce'table- the! )hat )ei+ht our o'i!io!s

)ill carr$ a+ai!st a hadith ".hikr bi al1Fahr- ?

!d

Editio!- ' <C>%

7hat else ca! be best fitti!+ re'l$ to these refere!ces of scholars )hich are a+ai!stthe sahih a!d ex'licit hadiths *he aboveme!tio!ed re'l$ )as +ive! b$ the saidauthor himself: DE!ou+h are $ou toda$ to take $our o)! accou!tD "<;:<%

U!doubtedl$- =Allama 8b! al1Fa)zi is a se!ior scholar a!d muhaddith a!d sometimeshe )ro!+l$ re+ards sahih a!d hasan hadiths as false a!d fake- but he @uotedabu!da!t baseless hadiths )ithout a!$ comme!t i! his books therefore accordi!+to 'ri!ci'les of Hadith- his @uoti!+ a hadith )ill !ot be co!sidered as 'roof2

Ar+ume!t o 9: *he Barelvis sa$ that the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% )as al)a$s shaded b$ clouds a!d thus his shado) did !ot touch the +rou!d2"*a)dhih al1Ba$a!- ' <; & <K%

*his is also )ro!+2 8t is established b$ sahih hadith that sometimes the om'a!io!s"ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith them% used to shade over him a+ai!st severe su!li+ht2Had he bee! shaded al)a$s b$ cloud- the om'a!io!s "ma$ Allah be 'leased )iththem% )ould !ot have !eeded to do so2 As the lo!+ hadith of hijra "mi+ratio!%me!tio!ed i! Bukhari sa$s: )he!- alo!+ )ith Sa$$id!a Abu Bakr "ma$ Allah be'leased )ith him%- he reached ,uba i! Rabi= al1A))al o! #o!da$ i! the house ofBa!u =Amr bi! =A)f- those )ho did !ot see him a''roached Sa$$id!a Abu Bakr "ma$

Allah be 'leased )ith him%: Dbut )he! the su!shi!e fell o! Allah=s A'ostle a!d Abu

65



Bakr came for)ard a!d shaded him )ith his sheet- o!l$ the! the 'eo'le came tok!o) Allah=s A'ostle "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%2D "Sahih Bukhari- ' <:>>%

*his sahih a!d ex'licit hadith sa$s that the clouds did !ot i!terve!e al)a$s bet)ee!him a!d the su! other)ise Sa$$id!a Abu Bakr )ould have !ot !eeded to shade him

)ith his sheet i! order to save him from su!li+ht2

Jb4ectio! : #a)lvi 0hulam Rasul Sa=eedi )rites: the forefather of .eoba!dis- Shah7aliullah )rites the accou!ts of his father Shah Abdur Rahim i! A!fas al1=Arifi! 'C that o!e !i+ht Shah Abdur Rahim sa) the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him'eace% a!d he +ave him t)o of his hair2 J!ce his father sho)ed the hair- three'eo'le de!ied it a!d thus a debate let loose: 7he! the debate le!+the!ed- the$ tookthe hair i! su!li+ht- sudde!l$ there a''eared a 'ortio! of cloud )hereas the su!)as bri+htl$ shi!i!+ a!d the seaso! )as !ot cloud$2 So- o!e of the three did tawba a!d the other t)o said that it mi+ht be coi!cide!ce2 *he$ took them out i! the su!-a+ai! the$ )ere shaded b$ cloud2 J!e of the t)o also did tawba, but the third a+ai!cited the same excuse2 *he$ took them out i! the su! thrice a!d the cloud a''eared2*hus- the third o!e also resorted to tawba2

Shah Abdul Aziz #uhaddith .ehla)i "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! him% sa$s i! *afsirAzizi "'art 9C- ' ?<%: D*he clouds used to shade him i! summer i! su!li+htD2

*his sub4ect ca! be discussed i! le!+th- but si!ce $ou attach much im'orta!ce toShah 7aliullah a!d Shah Abdul Aziz "ma$ Allah have merc$ o! them% therefore )e'rese!ted their refere!ces2 No) $ou should thi!k cooll$ )hether Shah 7aliullaha!d Shah Abdul Aziz- the author of Tuhfa Ithna 'Ash'ariya tur!ed Shia b$ calli!+

shado) of cloud for the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% or the$ arestill Su!!i2 8f the$ became Shia- the! )h$ $ou ar+ue bli!dl$ )ith their texts- if the$are still Su!!i- so ca! $ou revoke $our stateme!t that the issue of cloud=s shado))as i!ve!ted b$ Shias "*a)dhih al1Ba$a! <K1<;%

A!s)er: 8t is troublesome that the said author is u!able to com'rehe!d 'lai!)ords2 7e !ever said that a ma! tur!s Shia b$ believi!+ re+ular shado) of cloud forhim- )e o!l$ said that re+ular shado) of cloud is !ot established- rather the hadithof Bukhari !e+ates co!sta!c$2

*his is the reaso! that the Shia scholar =Allama ,az)i!i is also !ot satisfied b$ the

hadith of !o!1shado) !arrated i! al1afi a!d he is com'elled to +ive it a!otherex'la!atio!2 7e do !ot de!$ that sometimes as mu'jiza the clouds used to shade him-rather )e believe i! it- as it is me!tio!ed i! Bukhari: D8 raised m$ head a!d sa) athi!+ like a cloud over me- so 8 looked a!d fou!d Fibril therei!2D "Bukhari <:>%

8t )as moral a!d academic dut$ of the said author to +ive a 'ro'er re'l$ of thehadith of Bukhari or +ive a reaso!able ex'la!atio! to it- but he failed a!d )as too!ervous to 'roduce the same2 *hou+h it is !ot !ecessar$- but )e are 'rese!ti!+some more sahih hadiths )hich clarif$ a bit more that the clouds did !ot shade himre+ularl$:

"<% Sa$$id!a Fabir "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith him% sa$s: )e took 'art i! the )arof Na4d )ith the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%- it )as siesta

66



time )hile he )as i! a field )ith abu!da!t +rooves- so he desce!ded u!derthe shado) of a tree to take rest2 "Bukhari ?:>9%

"?% 8! the lo!+ hadith of hijra, Sa$$id!a Abu Bakr me!tio!ed: )e sa) a rock i!the )a$ a!d a''roached it- there )as some shado) u!der it2 8 s'read a cloakthat 8 had )ith me for the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%2

"Bukhari <:>>;% Jbviousl$- had the clouds shaded him re+ularl$- there )as !o!eed to look for shado) of rock a!d take rest u!der it2

"9% D*he /ro'het )as at Al1Fi=irra!a shaded )ith a cloth sheet )hile wahy )asbei!+ revealed to him2 "Bukhari <:?C- ?:K?C% *his hadith also co!ve$s thesame se!se ver$ clearl$2 Ho)ever- these ex'licit hadiths from Sahih Bukharidisclose that the clouds did !ot shade him al)a$s2 8f the clouds ca!re'eatedl$ a''ear to shade his hair- the! )h$ the clouds did !ot al)a$sa''ear to shade him from su! a!d )h$ Sa$$id!a Abu Bakr a!d otherom'a!io!s "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith them% !eeded to s'read sheet toshade him from the heat of su!2 7hat ki!d of reli+ious service is it to leavesahih hadiths a!d fou!d the reli+io! o! the baseless stateme!ts a!d o'i!io!sof fallible 'eo'le No doubt- )e ca! 'rese!t their o'i!io!- but at a 'lace)here !o e!li+hte!me!t is fou!d from the ,ura! a!d Hadith or )here theirtexts ex'lai! the ,ura! a!d Hadith2 7e did !ot @uote their textsi!te!tio!all$ o''osite to the ,ura! a!d Hadith a!d !either had )e deemedit la)ful2

Ho)ever if sometimes- out of mu'jiza- his hair )as shaded b$ clouds- the! ho) it'roves that the clouds shaded him re+ularl$

#ore arratio!s of Shadi!+ of louds a!d A!+els alo!+ )ith their A!s)ers

So far )e 'rese!ted the a!s)ers to the ar+ume!ts 'osed b$ 0hulam Rasul Sa=eediBarelvi2 Here- )e )a!t to @uote some !arratio!s- )hich 'rove the shadi!+ of cloudsa!d a!+els alo!+ )ith !ecessar$ criticism so that 'eo'le are )ell a)are of therealit$2

"<% *here is a lo!+ hadith i! #ustadrak ?:K<K- Sirat 8b! Hisham<:<< )hich sa$sthat the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% duri!+ his tri' to S$ria )ithhis u!cle Abu *alib )as +razi!+ camels )hile he )as shaded b$ a cloud2 8mam Hakim)ho )as te!di!+ to Shiite thou+ht re+ards it sahih o! the 'arameter of Bukhari a!d#uslim- but =Allama .hahbi- ex'ert of Hadith a!d 8mam of Ahl al1Su!!a )a al1

Fama6a sa$s: D8 sa$ that the hadith is fake a!d some 'art of it is absolutel$ false2"*alkhis al1#ustadrak- ?:?<>% 8b! Hisham !arrates this hadith from #uhammad bi!8sha@ )ho )as a bi+ liar a!d fabricator2 So- ho) such !arratio!s ca! be relied u'o!com'ared to those sahih a!d ex'licit hadiths that are me!tio!ed i! Sahih Bukhari2

=Allama ,ustala!i a!d =Allama Qur@a!i have harmo!ized the !arratio!s of shadi!+of clouds a!d a!+els )ith the !arratio!s of shadi!+ sheet i! this )a$2 (irst =Allama,ustala!i @uoted the hadith of shadi!+ of Sa$$ida Abu Bakr over the /ro'het "Allahbless him a!d +ive him 'eace% )hich )e me!tio!ed )ith the refere!ce of Bukhari-the! he said: D8t is obvious that he felt su!li+ht- but as for the hadiths related toshadi!+ of cloud a!d a!+el the$ )ere related to a time before his 'ro'hethood- as it

is clear- so there is !o co!tradictio!2 "#a)ahib 5adu!!i$a )ith Sharh al1Qur@a!i<:9><%

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Ho)ever- this effort )as !eedless si!ce harmo!izi!+ is !eeded at a 'lace )hereboth the hadiths are e@uall$ sahih as 'er the sanad, but here the case is !ot so2 *he!arratio!s of Bukhari are 'erfectl$ reliable- )hile o!e of the other !arratio!s is fakeaccordi!+ to 8mam .hahbi a!d the seco!d a!d third )ere !arrated b$ liar !arrators

like 7a@idi a!d #uhammad bi! 8sha@2 So- there is !o !eed to harmo!ize bet)ee!them2 *he hadith of Bukhari )hich 'roves shadi!+ of cloud is a miracle )hich took'lace o!ce !ot re+ularl$- )hereas )e differ i! the matter of re+ular shadi!+2

"?% 7he! the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% lived )ith Sa$$idaHalima "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith her%- his foster sister sa) cloud shadi!+ him- itmoved )here he moved a!d halted )here he halted2 "*aba@at 8b! Sa=d <:;% But- o!eof the !arrators is 7a@idi )hose hadith is aba!do!ed "matruk% accordi!+ to 8mamBukhari2 8mam Ahmad- 8mam 8b! al1#ubarak- 8mam 8b! Numair- 8mam 8smailQakari$a have forsake! his hadiths2 8mam Ahmad called him kadhdhab "bi+ liar%2"*ahzib al1*ahzib :9K% 8mam Shafi=i sa$s: the books of 7a@idi are full of lies2"*ahzib al1*ahzib :9KK% 8mam Bu!dar sa$s that he did !ot see a liar bi++er tha!him2 8mam 8sha@ bi! Rah)aih sa$s: he used to fabricate hadith2 "*ahzib al1*ahzib:9K;% 8mam Nasai sa$s that 7a@idi is o!e from amo!+st those )ho are k!o)! i!fabricati!+ hadith a+ai!st the /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace%2 "*ahzibal1*ahzib :9KK%

"9% *he /ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% set o! a 4our!e$ to S$ria )ith#$sara , the slave of Sa$$ida hadi4a "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith her%2 #$sara sa)t)o a!+els shadi!+ over him i! the sever midda$ heat )hile he )as ridi!+ a camel2".ala$il al1Nubu))a f Abu Nu=aim 8sfaha!i <9% But this hadith )as !arrated b$ the

same #uhammad bi! 7a@idi2 "See .ala$il al1Nubu))a <9<%

"% 8t is me!tio!ed i! Mawahib >adunniya with Sharh al-/urqani <:<- (hasayis al-(ubraof Su$uti <:<: DSa$$ida hadi4a "ma$ Allah be 'leased )ith her% sa) him ridi!+ acamel )hile t)o a!+els shaded him2 8mam Su$uti @uoted it )ith the refere!ce ofAbu Nu=aim )hich co!sists of 7a@idi as !arrator2 =Allama Qur@a!i also refers it to7a@idi2 "Sharh #a)ahib of Qur@a!i <:<;% *hus- this hadith refers to 7a@idi from allsides2

*his hadith )as me!tio!ed i! *aba@at 8b! Sa=d- 8b! Asakir etc- but all these chai!s+o back to 7a@idi2 "Sirat al1Nabi 9:K>;- Sa$$id Sulaima! Nad)i% Ho)ever- !o

!arratio! of re+ular shadi!+ of a!+els a!d clouds is reliable2 *he o!l$ sahih a!dreliable !arratio! is of Bukhari )hich )as me!tio!ed earlier a!d )hich occurredo!l$ o!ce a!d that too as miracle2 No)- the readers should themselves decide)hether it is i! com'lia!ce )ith the s'irit of 8slam to believe the sahih hadiths)hich clearl$ me!tio!ed his shado) or is it a reli+ious service a!d love of the/ro'het "Allah bless him a!d +ive him 'eace% to rel$ o! the !arratio! of a fabricatora!d liar a!d other similar baseless !arratio!s- es'eciall$ )he! the co!ditio! of their sanad is also k!o)! 7hether the sahih hadiths of Bukhari )hich clearl$ me!tio!shadi!+ of rock- tree a!d cloth are reliable or the baseless !arratio! of shadi!+ ofa!+el a!d cloud !arrated b$ a liar a!d fabricator like 7a@idi 7hether acce'ti!+such +rou!dless !arratio!s does !ot befit the follo)i!+ cou'let:

Th" r"ality was l$st amid n$ns"ns"Th" 3mmah was l$st in bas"l"ss traditi$ns

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#a$ Allah bless a!d +ive 'eace to His best of creatio! Sa$$id!a #uhammad- to his(amil$- his om'a!io!s- 7ives a!d follo)ers to the .a$ of Fud+eme!t2

#uhammad (a$$az ha! Sa)ati

#adrasah Nusratul Uloom Rabi al1A))al <<< AH

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Nur & Bashar

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