한국 GRE 6 - Egloospds11.egloos.com/pds/200903/03/29/a0115129_49ac61cc625fc.pdf · 2009-03-02 ·...
Transcript of 한국 GRE 6 - Egloospds11.egloos.com/pds/200903/03/29/a0115129_49ac61cc625fc.pdf · 2009-03-02 ·...
한국 GRE 6.0 (2008년 7월) [email protected]
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※ Dictionary
Microsoft Bookshelf
- NEWACE English-Korean Dictionary, 2nd Edition
- American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language,
3rd Edition
- 그 외 잡다한 인터넷 검색
※ Update History
ver. 1.0 - 한국 GRE 4.0 으 로 작성
ver. 2.0 - 한국 GRE 4.5 update 반영
ver. 2.1 - KOREA GRE Fifth Edition 반영
ver. 3.0 - Revised and Modified through proofreading
ver. 3.5 - 표 제어 추 가 및 英英풀 이를 표 제어 위주 로 수 정
ver. 4.0 - GRE Verbal Rainbow Bible 0801 version 반영
ver. 4.5 - 기출 대전 v. 2.0 Antonym 반영 (2004. 3. 21) ([email protected]님)
ver. 5.0 - ??????????
ver. 5.5 - 발음 기호 추 가 및 통 지1.1(1.1.4) 반영 (2005. 7. 15)
ver. 5.5 수 정판 – 2006, 2007년 후 기 추 가, 오 류 수 정, 주 석 등 추 가 (2007. 7. 4)
ver. 6.0 – 2008년 6월분 까지 후 기 추 가, 오 류 수 정, 발음 기호 보 강 (2008. 7. 24)
Copyright ⓒ 2005-2006, [email protected]
Copyleft 2007-2008, 코 리안영영([email protected]) Some Rights Reserved.
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A abacus [ǽbəkəs] n. 주판
abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh 주판:계산하다::저울:무게를재다 abacus : calculate :: sextant : navigate ::육분의:항해하다 abacus : calculated :: balance : weighted 주판:계산된::저울:무게를단 abacus : calculator :: quill : pen (종류 (중에서 구식인 것)) quill : 깃털펜
abandon [əbǽndən] n. 방종, DESERT, FORSAKE(저버리다,버리다. 예; They made a bargain that they would not forsake each other.)
: a complete surrender of inhibitions abandon : inhibition :: hideboundness : innovation (A lack B) abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope (반대) 내비둠:금지::절망:희망 abandon : inhibition :: agitation : tranquility(반대) 격앙:고요 abandon : inhibition :: volubility : terseness :: voluble : terse :: calmness : frenzy
abandon : inhibition :: consciousness : numbness 의식:마비 abandon ↔ salvage abandon ↔ restrain
abase [əbéis] v.t. (품위, 지위) 떨어뜨리다 : DEGRADE to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem
abase : force :: taper : width (A는 B를 줄이다) abase : strength :: taper : width (A는 B를 줄이다) abase : stature :: lower : height abase : status :: shorten : length :: shorten : height stature 신장, 키; 품위, 재능 status 지위, 신분; 높은 지위; (사물의) 상태, 정세
abase : prestige :: damp : ardor prestige 위신, 명성, 신망, 위세, 세력 damp 축축하게 하다; 불을 끄다; 의기소침하게 하다 ardor 열정
curtail : duration :: abase : strength abase ↔ extol
abash [əbǽʃ] v.t. 당황하게 하다 : DISCONCERT to destroy the self-possession or self-
confidence of unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement abash = embarrass, herald = announce
embolden ↔ abash, faze, cow embolden to foster boldness or courage in; encourage faze to disrupt the composure of; disconcert
abate [əbéit] v. (정도, 기세, 세기, 수량) 감소시키다 1. to reduce in amount, degree, or intensity; lessen 2. to deduct from an amount; subtract 예 ; Although their initial anger had abated somewhat, they
continued to berate the careless worker who had broken the machine.
* unabated 줄어들지 않는 abate : tax :: alleviate : distress alleviate to make (pain, for example) more bearable
abate : degree :: discount : price :: fade : loudness :: decelerate : speed :: shrink : size :: chill : temperature (A는 B(대상)를 ↓)
abate : force :: attenuate : thickness attenuate 줄이다, 감소시키다
abate : intensity, strength :: taper : width :: fade : loudness :: decelerate : speed taper 끝이 뾰족하게 되다; 점점 줄어들다
abatement : intensity :: deceleration : speed thin : density, intensity :: abate : length abate : length :: dilute : concentration (A는 B(대상)를 ↓) abate : value :: constrict : diameter abate : status :: shorten : height abate ↔ intensify, promote, increase in intensity, augments, strengthen unabated ↔ palliated, allayed, mitigated
abbreviate [əbríːvièit] v.t. 생략하다, 단축하다 : to reduce (a word or phrase) to a shorter form intended to
represent the full form * abbreviation [줄이는 행동, 줄여진 상태 모두를 나타냄] 1. the act or product of shortening 2. a shortened form of a word or phrase used chiefly in
writing to represent the complete form abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay downgrade : quality :: abbreviate : sentence abbreviation : sentence :: abridgment : essay abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative (A = B를 줄인 것) synopsis 개요 narrative 이야기, 담화
abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article abbreviation : word :: synopsis : article : synopsis : narrative abbreviate : length :: attenuate : thickness :: sap : vigor abbreviate : letter :: abridge : word abbreviate ↔ extend, protract
abdicate [ǽbdikèit] v. 퇴위하다 : to renounce a throne, high office, dignity, or function
recant : belief :: abdicate : throne recant 철회하다, 부인하다
abdicate : throne :: resign : office abdicate ↔ constitute constitute 구성하다; 임명하다; 설치, 제정하다
abdicate ↔ assume assume 당연하게 생각하다, 가정하다; 떠맡다, 인수하다; (태도를) 취
하다 abdicate ↔ usurp usurp 강탈하다, 횡령하다
aberrant [əbérənt, ǽbər- ] a. 비정상적인, 이상한 : ATYPICAL deviating from the proper or expected course
aberration : course :: digression : theme aberrant : standard :: digressive : topic aberrant ↔ typical, normal, conventional (relevant는 오답)
abet [əbét] v.t. 자극하다 1. to approve(인정), encourage(격려), and support(지지) (an
action or a plan of action); urge and help on 2. to urge, encourage, or help (a person)
abet : assistance :: counsel : guidance (A = B를 하다, 동 : 명) abet : encouragement :: elucidate : clarity (A하는 목적 = B) elucidate to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify
abet : assistance :: counsel : guidance abet ↔ thwart, impede, stymie, frustrate, obstruct, forestall, hinder, hamper stymie 방해하다, 좌절시키다 예; Companies have been stymied by
the length of time it takes to reach an agreement. forestall 미연에 방지하다, 선수를 치다; (상품을) 매점하다
abeyance [əbéiəns] n. (일시적) 중지 : SUSPENSION temporary inactivity
abeyance ↔ continuance, fulfillment
abhor [æbhɔ ːr] v.t. 혐오하다 : LOATHE to regard with extreme repugnance
abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness (A >> B) abhor ↔ greatly admire
abiding [əbáidiŋ] a. 지속적인, 불변의
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: ENDURING, CONTINUING lasting for a long time; enduring
abiding ↔ evanescent, ephemeral, transient miscreant ↔ law-abiding individual miscreant [mískriənt] a.사악한, 타락한, n.악한
abject [ǽbdʒekt, -- ] a. SERVILE, SPIRITLESS 1. brought low in condition or status 의기소침한 2. being of the most contemptible kind 비열한 3. being of the most miserable kind 비참한
abject ↔ exultant, spirited, exciting exultant 기뻐 날뛰는, 환희하는 marked by great joy or jubilation;
triumphant
abjure [æbdʒúər / əb-] v.t. (맹세하고) 신앙, 주의를 저버리다 1. to renounce under oath; forswear 2. to recant solemnly; repudiate 3. to give up (an action or practice, for example)
abjure : reject :: abjure ↔ embrace, espouse, affirm
abnegate [ǽbnigèit] v.t. (권리, 소신) 등을 포기하다 : SURRENDER, RELINQUISH
abnegate ↔ reaffirm
abolition [æ bəlíʃən] 폐지, 박멸; (A-) 노예제도의 폐지 1. the act of doing away with or the state of being done
away with; annulment 2. abolishment of slavery * abolish [əbáli∫] v. 없애다, 폐지하다 1. to do away with; annul 2. to destroy completely
abolish ↔ establish anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery (A break B) abolition ↔ persistence in slavery
abolitionism [æbəlíʃənìzəm] n. 노예제도 폐지론 anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery (A = B에 반대하는 사람)
abominate [əbɑ mənèit / əbɔ m-] v. 몹시 싫어하다 : to detest thoroughly; abhor
abominate ↔ esteem
aboveboard [əbʌ vbɔ ːrd] a. 공명정 한 : in a straightforward manner
surreptitious ↔ barefaced, aboveboard surreptitious 몰래, 비 리의; 부정한
chicanery ↔ aboveboard action chicanery 얼버무리기, 발뺌, 핑계 deception by trickery or sophistry;
a trick
abrasion [əbréiʒən] n. 마찰, 마모 * abrade [əbréid] v. 마멸시키다, 깎아내다, 마모시키다 1. to wear down or rub away by friction; erode 2. to make weary through constant irritation; wear down
spiritually abrade ↔ augment abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration (B cause A) desiccate 건조시키다, 건조시켜 보관하다; 기운 없게 만들다
abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization (A lead to B) scuff 발로 문지르다, 비비다
lubricate : abrasion :: seal : leakage (A prevent B) lubricate 기름을 치다, 미끄럽게 하다
abrasion : stroke :: boil : heat abrade ↔ augment
abridge [əbrídʒ] v.t. 요약하다, (기간, 범위 등을) 단축하다 : CONDENSE
1. to reduce the length of (a written text); condense 2. to cut short; curtail
abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article abridge : sentence :: abbreviation : word abridge : duration :: truncate : length (A는 그 대상인 B를 약화시킴) abridge : length :: attenuate : thickness (A는 그 대상 B를 약화시킴) abridge : length :: dilute : concentration (A는 그 대상 B를 약화시킴) abridge : length :: enervate : energy (A는 그 대상인 B를 약화시킴) abridge : length :: abase : prestige (A는 그 대상인 B를 약화시킴) prestige 명성, 신망
abridge ↔ extend in length, amplify, protract protract; to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong
abridgement ↔ extension, complete sentence, expansion, sufficiency, enlargement
condensed ↔ unabridged
abrogate [ǽbrəgèit] v. (법령 등을) 폐지하다 : ANNUL, to abolish by authoritative action
abrogate ↔ uphold, embrace, institute
abscission [æbsíʒən, -ʃən] n. 절단 : REMOVAL, the act or process of cutting off
abscission ↔ process of grafting graft 접붙이다, 이식하다, 접합하다
abscond [æbskánd / -skɔ nd] v. 몰래 도망가다 :to depart secretly and hide oneself
abscond : depart, leave :: pilfer, steal : take :: conspire : plan :: lurk : wait (DEFECTIVE) pilfer to steal (a small amount or item)
abscond : depart :: eavesdrop : listen :: shadow : follow :: secrete : store
follow : shadow :: leave : abscond :: plot : scheme abscond : depart :: lurk : wait lurk 숨다, 잠복하다; 잠행하다, 살금살금 걷다
lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate (purloin과 appropriate는 둘 다 defective일 수 있으므로 상황에 따라서 되기도 하고 안되기도 함) purloin [pə:rlɔ in] to steal, often in a violation of trust appropriate; 사용하다; 돌려쓰다, 충당하다
absolute [ǽbsəlùːt] a. 무제한의 1. perfect in quality or nature; complete 2. not mixed; pure 3. a. not limited by restriction or exceptions; unconditional b. unqualified in extent or degree; total 4. unconstrained by constitutional or other provisions
absolute ↔ qualified qualified 자질/능력 있는; 조건부의
absolve [æbzɑ lv, -sɑ lv / -zɔ lv] v.t. 사면하다, 면제하다 1. to pronounce clear of guilt or blame 용서하다, 사면하다 2. to relieve of a requirement or an obligation 면제하다
exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir (형 : 동) exculpate to clear of guilt or blame
hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve hortative, hortatory 격려의, 충고의 marked by strong urging
absolve ↔ inculpate, indict, sentence inculpate = incriminate 고소하다, 죄를 부과하다; 뒤집어씌우다 indict 비난하다, 공격하다; 기소/고발하다
absorb [æbsɔ ːrb, -zɔ ːrb] v.t. 흡수하다; 열중케 하다 1. to take (something) in through or as through pores or
interstices 2. to occupy the full attention, interest, or time of; engross
absorb : sponge :: seal : caulk absorb ↔ dissipate, exude, reflect exude (땀 등이) 스며/배어 나오다
abstain [æbstéin] vi. 절제하다, 기권하다
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: to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of self-denial from an action or practice
mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain (A require B) mandatory 명령의; 의무적인, 강제적인, 직권으로 명령된
abstain ↔ partake partake 참가하다
abstemious [æbstíːmiəs] a. 절제하는 : marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food
or alcohol abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate (OPPOSITE, 형 : 동) austere 진지한, 근엄한, 금욕적인, 간결한
abstemious : indulge :: intransigent : control intransigent 완고한, 타협하지 않는
reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge reticent 과묵한, 말이 적은; 삼가는, 억제된 gorge 게걸스럽게 먹다; 꽉 채우다 cf. gorgeous 화려한, 호화로운; 멋진, 훌륭한
abstinent ↔ indulging, intemperate, gluttonous, voracious glutton 식가; 열중하는 사람 gluttonous 게걸이 든, 식하는; 탐욕스러운
abstinence [ǽbstənəns] n. 절제; 금주 1. the act or practice of refraining from indulging an
appetite, as for food 2. abstention from alcoholic beverages
abstinence : drunkenness :: celibacy : promiscuity celibacy 독신; 금욕 생활 promiscuity 혼란, 뒤범벅; 난잡한 성교
abstract [æbstrǽkt] 제거하다, 분리하다; 발췌하다(epitomize), 요약하다; 주의를 딴 곳으로 돌리다
: to draw away the attention of abstract ↔ elaborate elaborate to express at greater length or in greater detail
abstract ↔ attention
abstraction [æbstræk∫:ən] 방심, 추상 1. a. the act or process of abstracting or the state of having
been abstracted b. an abstract concept, idea, or term c. an abstract quality 2. preoccupation; absent-mindedness 3. an abstract work of art
abstraction ↔ attention
abstruse [æbstrúːs] a. 난해한 : RECONDITE difficult to comprehend
abstruse : comprehension :: indiscernible : vision (A는 B하기 힘든) abstruse : comprehend :: faint : perceive (A는 B하기 힘든) abstruse ↔ accessible, explicit, patent, manifest, obvious patent 특허의, 특허에 관한; 명백한(obvious, plain)
abuse [əbjúːs] / [əbjúːz] v. 비난하다 : REVILE 1. to use wrongly or improperly; misuse 2. to hurt or injure by maltreatment; ill-use 3. to assail with contemptuous, coarse, or insulting words
diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery diatribe 통렬한 비난, 혹평 burlesque 풍자, 해학
polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive (명 : 형) polemic 반론, 논쟁 invective 독설, 욕설, 비난
declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse (EQUAL) declamation 웅변술; 극적 효과를 노린 연설, 문장 grandiloquence 호언장담, 허풍 pompous or bombastic speech or
expression diatribe a bitter, abusive denunciation
abut [əbʌ t] v. 인접하다
: to touch along a border or with a projecting part contiguous : abut :: simultaneous : coincide (형 : 동)
abysmal [əbízməl] a. 깊이를 알 수 없는, 심오한, 천길 나락의 stygian : dark :: abysmal : low (A >> B) Stygian (stygian) 삼도(Styx)천의, 지옥의 강의 / 어두운
accede [æksíːd] v. 동의하다 1. to give one's consent, often at the insistence of nother;
concede 2. to arrive at or come into an office or dignity 3. to become a party to an agreement or treaty
accede ↔ demur, dissent, oppose demur 반 하다 to voice opposition; object dissent v.i. 의견이 다르다, 이의를 주장하다
accelerate [æksélərèit] v. 가속하다, 촉진시키다 expedite : process :: accelerate : pace expedite 재촉하다, 촉진하다; 신속히 처리하다; 파견하다
accelerate : speed :: prolong : duration (B는 A의 대상) accelerate : speed :: expand : size (B는 A의 대상) accelerate : velocity :: prolong : duration :: crescendo : loudness :: expedite : process
accelerate ↔ retard
accentuate [ækséntʃuèit] v. 강조하다; 악센트를 주어 발음하다; 악센트 표시를 하다
accentuate ↔ underplay underplay 소극적으로 연기하다
accessible [æksésəbəl] a. 접근하기 쉬운, 이해하기 쉬운 capable of being understood or appreciated
1. easily approached or entered 접근하기 쉬운 2. easily obtained 쉽게 얻을 수 있는 3. easy to talk to or get along with 사귀기 쉬운, 함께 하기 쉬운 4. easily swayed or influenced 귀가 얇은
accessible : approach :: irascible : enrage (A하면 B하기 쉽다) abstruse ↔ accessible, patent
accessory [æksésəri] n, a. 부속물, 부가적인 : ADJUNCT 1. a subordinate or supplementary item; an adjunct 2. something nonessential but desirable that contributes to
an effect or result accessory ↔ of primarily importance
accidental [æksidéntl] a. 우연한 : occurring unexpectedly or by chance
inventiveness : accidental :: effect : casual (OPPOSITE) casual 우연한, 무심결의, 무관심한
safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss (A = B로부터 보호) hedge 울타리; 장애물, 장벽
intentional : accidental :: arrogant : humble (OPPOSITE)
acclaim [əkléim] v. ~에게 갈채하다, 찬양하다, 큰 소리로 부르다 acclaim ↔ berate, disapprove, denounce, vituperate
acclimate [æ klə mèit, əkláimit] v.t. 순응시키다 : to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate,
environment, or situation; adapt adapt to make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation acclimate ↔ become unaccustomed, disaccustom, make unfamiliar with, make unaccustomed (to)
acclimated ↔ unaccustomed
accolade [ǽkəlèid] n. 기사 작위 수여(식); 칭찬, 영예 v. to praise or honor
한국 GRE 6.0 (2008년 7월) [email protected]
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accolade : praise :: blandishment : cajole (속성) accolade : praise :: castigation : rebuke (속성) rebuke 비난(하다), 질책(하다) accolade ↔ excoriating remark, cutting remark excoriate 껍질을 벗기다; 비난하다
accolade ↔ castigation, criticism, censure, disapprobation, denigration, denunciation, reproof, reprobation, swearword denigrate 더럽히다; 모욕하다, (명예 등을) 훼손하다 swearword 저주, 욕설의 말
accolade ↔ derogate, speak ill, excoriate derogate (가치, 명예 등을) 떨어뜨리다, 훼손하다; 타락하다
deplore ↔ accolade, extol deplore 반 하다; 개탄하다
accommodate [əkɑ mədèit / əkɔ m-] v. 편의를 도모하다, 공급 하다; 숙박시키다; 조절하다; 적응시키다
1. to do a favor or service for; oblige 2. to provide for; supply with 3. to hold comfortably without crowding 4. to make suitable; adapt 5. to allow for; consider 6. to settle; reconcile
accommodate : supply :: obliterate : remove (A=B 혹은 A >> B) obliterate 지우다, 말살하다
accomplice [əkɑ mplis / əkʌ m-] n. 공범자 one who aids or abets a lawbreaker in a criminal act, either
as a principal or an accessory
accost [əkɔ (ː)st, əkɑ st] v.t. 다가가 말 걸다 : to approach and speak to often in a aggressive, hostile, or
sexually suggestive manner accost : approach :: importune : request (A >> B) importune 성가시게 조르다; 괴롭히다
accountability [əkàuntəbíləti] n. 책임 accountable 1. liable to being called to account; answerable 책임이 있는 2. that can be explained 설명할 수 있는 an accountable
phenomenon
accrete [əkríːt] v. 서서히 늘리다 : ACCUMULATE : to make larger or greater, as by increased growth
accretion a. growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or
inclusion b. something added externally to promote such growth or increase
accrete : growth :: erode : destruction accrete : grow :: inch : advance (A << B) inch to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees
accrete ↔ wear away accretion ↔ reduction in substance caused by erosion
accrue [əkrú:] v. (이익 등을) 획득, 축적하다 accrue ↔ decrease, lose, scatter, dwindle, erode
accumulate [əkjúːmjəlèit] v. 모으다, 축적하다 : AMASS : to gather or pile up especially little by little
accumulate ↔ dissipate accumulation ↔ dissipation
accuse [əkjúːz] v. 비난하다 : BLAME 1. to charge with a shortcoming or an error 2. to charge formally with a wrongdoing
acerbic [əsə ːrbik] a. 신맛의, 신랄한 : sour or bitter, as in taste, character, or tone
acerbic ↔ sweet, saccharine saccharine [sǽkərì:n] 달콤한; 정중한; 지나치게 감상적인
acerbity ↔ saccharine
achromatic [æ krəmǽtik] a. 무색의 : designating color perceived to have zero saturation and
therefore no hue, such as neutral grays, white, or black hue 색조; 특색, 경향 1. the property of colors by which they can be perceived as ranging
from red through yellow, green, and blue, as determined by the dominant wavelength of the light
2. a particular gradation of color; a shade or tint 3. color 4. appearance; aspect
achromatic : hue :: transitory : permanence (A lack B) achromatic : hue :: extraneous : essence (A lack B)
acid [æsid] n. 산 adj. 신 맛이 나는, 매서운, 신랄한 1. a substance having a sour taste 2. the quality of being sarcastic, bitter, or scornful
acid ↔ savory
acme [ǽkmi] n. 절정, 정점 : APEX, CULMINATION, ZENITH acme : surpass :: impossibility : execute (B할 수 없는 상태 = A) surpass 능가하다, 초월하다
acme : mountain :: crest : wave (A = B의 정점, 꼭대기) vagary : predict :: acme : surpass (A면 B하기 힘들다) vagary 엉뚱한 짓, 변덕 an extravagant or erratic notion or action
acme ↔ nadir
acoustic [ekú:stik] a. 청각의, 소리의 acoustic : sound :: optical : light (autumnal : season, aquatic : wave는 오답)
acquiesce [æ kwiés] v. 마지못해 따르다 : to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively
intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend intransigent 완고한, 타협하지 않는 deferential 정중한, 공손한
acquiesce ↔ defy, resist, refute defy 항하다, 맞서다; 저항하다 refute 반박하다; 잘못을 증명하다
acquisition [æ kwəzíʃən] n. 획득, 취득물 divestiture ↔ acquisition divest (옷 등을) 벗기다; (권리 등을) 박탈하다
acquit [əkwít] v.t. 무죄 방면하다 1. (law) to free or clear from a charge or accusation 무죄로 하
다, 석방하다 2. to release or discharge from a duty (의무 등을) 면제하다
acre [éikər] n. 에이커 [면적의 단위]; 량, 다량 ream : paper :: acre : land :: volt : electricity :: quart : liquid
acrid [ǽkrid] a. 신랄한, 얼얼한 : IRRITATING 1. unpleasantly sharp, pungent, or bitter to the taste or smell 2. caustic in language or tone
acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile (A lack B) grating, strident : sound :: acrid : odor strident 귀에 거슬리는, 삐걱거리는
acrid : odor :: grating, piercing : sound acrid ↔ gentle, savory savory 입맛 당기는; 자극적인 맛이 나는, 톡 쏘는; 기분 좋은, 안락
한
acrimonious [ækrəmóuniəs] a. 통렬한, 신랄한 : caustic, biting, or rancorous especially in feeling, language,
or manner
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uninformative : knowledge :: acrimonious : goodwill (LACK) acrimonious ↔ harmonious
acumen [əkjúːmən, ǽkjə-] n. 예리함, 통찰 : quickness, accuracy, and keenness of judgment or insight
alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd (EQUAL, 명 : 형) shrewd 빈틈없는, 날카로운, 현명한
acumen ↔ obtuseness, bluntness, lack of discernment blunt 뭉툭한, 무뚝뚝한, 멍청한, 무감각한
acute [əkjúːt] a. 날카로운, 통찰력 있는, 민감한, 급성의 perspicacity : acute :: caprice : whimsical perspicacity 명민(acuteness); 통찰력(penetration)
acute ↔ imperceptive, insignificant, trivial, stupid, unintelligent, fatuous fatuous 어리석은, 어수룩한; 비현실적인
acute ↔ mild acute ↔ inveterate
ad hoc [æd-hɑ k, -hóuk] adj. 임시 변통의 adv. for the specific purpose, case, or situation at hand and
for no other adj. 1. formed for or concerned with one specific purpose 특별한
목적을 위한 2. improvised and often impromptu 임시변통의
adage [ǽdidʒ] n. 금언, 격언, 속담 : a saying that sets forth a general truth and that has
gained credit through long use
adamant [ǽdəmənt, -mænt] n. 비길 데 없이 견고한 것 a. 완고한, 단호한: UNYIELDING
: unshakable or immovable especially in opposition adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control refractory 다루기 어려운, 고집 센; 난치의 obstinately resistant to
authority or control impossible : execute :: adamant : move adamant : moved :: intractable : led :: incorrigible : reformed adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble (A = B하지 않는) gamble 투기, 모험; 도박
adamant : yield :: slothful : assiduity (A = B 속성이 없는) adamant ↔ easily changing mind adamant ↔ vacillatory, moved, inclined to yield, flexible, irresolute, pliable, yielding, easily swayed, pliant, tractable, vacillant vacillatory; inclined to waver; irresolute
adapt [ədǽpt] v.t. 적응시키다, 개작하다 : to make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation You must adapt method to circumstances. 방법을 상황에 적
합시켜야 한다. adapt oneself to circumstances 환경에 순응하다;융통성 있게
행동하다 adapt ↔ remain unchanged adapted ↔ unchanged adaptable ↔ unchangeable
addendum [ədéndəm] n. 부록 : something added or to be added, especially a supplement
to a book addendum : document :: postscript : letter
addict [ǽdikt] v.t. 몰두시키다; 마약 중독이 되게 하다 1. to devote or give (oneself) habitually or compulsively 2. to cause to become compulsively and physiologically
dependent on a habit-forming substance disabuse : error :: rehabilitate : addiction (A = B에서 벗어나다)
addicted [ədíktid] a. 탐닉하는, 중독된 addict; to devote or surrender (oneself) to something
habitually or obsessively inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency (A = B를 가지고 있는) inure 익숙하게 하다, 단련하다
adept [ədépt] /[ǽdept] adj. 능숙한, 숙달된 n. 숙련자, 노련가 : very skilled
complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit (OPPOSITE) complaisance 친절; 정중 the inclination to comply willingly with the
wishes of others; amiability adept ↔ bungling, clumsy, inept bungle 어설픈 짓을 하다, 실수하다 to work or act ineptly or
inefficiently
adhere [ædhíər|əd-] v. 들러붙다, 부착하다; 충실하다, 추종하다 1. to stick fast by or as if by suction or glue 2. to be a devoted follower or supporter 3. to carry out a plan, a scheme, or an operation without
deviation adhere ↔ detach
adherent [ædhíərənt] n. 신봉자 : a believer in or advocate especially of a particular idea or
church adherent ↔ dissenter, forerunner dissenter (체제 등에의) 반 자; 반-국교주의자 forerunner 선인, 선조; 선구자
adhesive [ædhíːsiv, -ziv] n. 접착제, 반창고 adhesive : bind :: compass : orient compass [kʌmpəs] 나침반 (방향을 알려줌)
etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive etch 에칭을 하다, 새겨 넣다; 강한 인상을 남기다
adhesive ↔ nonviscous
adjourn [ədʒə ːrn] vi. (회의 등을) 연기/휴회하다 convoke ↔ adjourn
adjudicate [ədʒúdəkeit] v. 판결을 내리다; (분쟁 등을) 조정하다 1. (law) to hear and settle (a case) by judicial procedure 2. to study and settle (a dispute or controversy) adjudicator [ədʒúːdikèitər] n. 법관 one that act as
judge
adjunct [ǽdʒʌŋkt] n. 부가물, 부속물 something joined or added to another thing but not essentially a part of it
adjunct ↔ essential element
ad-lib [ædlíb, --] n. 즉흥적인 것 : something spoken, composed, or performed without
preparation ad-lib : impromptu :: side, aside : divergent (명 : 형, 속성) aside; adv. 곁에, 떨어져서 n. 방백; 탈선, 여담
ad-lib : impromptu :: barb : caustic
admire [ədmáiər] v. 감탄/탄복하다; 존경하다 1. to regard with pleasure, wonder, and approval 2. to have a high opinion of; esteem or respect 존경하다
adulate : admire = squander : spend (A >> B, A는 부정적 의미) paltry : covert :: despicable : admire defer : leader :: admire : hero disparaging : contempt :: estimable : admire emulate : exemplar :: admire : paragon abhor ↔ greatly admire
admission [ædmíʃən, əd-] n. 입장, 허가 lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission (로또복권은 추첨 방식, 표는 입장 방식)
admonish [ædmɑ niʃ, əd- / -mɔ n-] v. 타이르다, 경고하다 : to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle,
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earnest, or solicitous manner admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory :: tell : proclaim (B는 A를 공개적으로 함 (A << B라는 설도 있음)) pillory 조롱하다; 형틀(pillory)로 처벌하다
peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B) castigation 징계, 혹평
pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove (A << B) alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory exculpate to clear of guilt or blame
admonish : warn :: ameliorate : improve admonish : warn :: persuade : convince admonishmeng : warn :: panegyric : compliment apprise : information :: admonish : warning (동 : 명) apprise to give notice to; inform cf. appraise 평가하다 to evaluate, especially in an official capacity
adore [ədɔ ːr] v.t. 숭배하다, 흠모하다 1. to worship as God or a god 2. to regard with deep, often rapturous love 3. to like very much
abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness, affection (A >> B) apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) terror intense, overpowering fear
fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness (A >> B)
adroit [ədrɔ it] a. 능숙한 : having or showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness in
handling situations loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly (OPPOSITE) adroitness : ineptness :: difficulty : simplicity (OPPOSITE) adroit : cluminess :: (OPPOSITE) adroit : act :: adroitness ↔ clumsiness adroit ↔ ungainly, inept, clumsy ham-handed ↔ deft, adroit ham-handed 솜씨 없는, 서투른; 손이 큰
adulate [ǽdʒəlèit] v. 엄청 아첨하다 : to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly
aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration (A >> B) disinclination 내키지 않음 a lack of inclination; a mild aversion or
reluctance adulate : admire = squander : spend (A >> B, A는 부정적 의미) admire 감탄/탄복하다; 존경하다
adulate : censure :: (OPPOSITE) fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter fulminate 격렬하게 비난하다; 큰소리와 함께 폭발하다
adulate ↔ censure, deride, scorn, disparage, disdain, excoriate, vituperate, reproach, vilify, revile disparage 비난하다; 헐뜯다
adulation ↔ obloquy, disdain, vituperation, derision (somber affection은 오답) obloquy [ábləkwi] 불명예, 오명; 비난, 욕설, 악평 disdain 경멸, 멸시, 모욕 vituperation 비난, 매도, 혹평
adulterate [ədʌ ltərèit] v.t. 불순물을 섞다 adult : child :: cat : kitten adulterate : pure :: bolster, brace : weak :: dismantle : unity bolster 베개로 받치다; 지지하다, 강화하다 brace (버팀 로) 강화하다; 버티다; 자극하다, 분발시키다
demanding : satisfactory :: adulterate : pristine (A에는 B가 없는) pristine 초기의, 원시의
stickler : approximation :: purist : adulteration (A object B) embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure (A ↔ B) dismantle : united :: adulterate : pristine (A ↔ B) dismantle to take apart; disassemble; tear down
adulterate : purity :: enervate : vigor (A remove B) unalloyed ↔ adulterated tainted ↔ unadulterated adulteration ↔ purification
adumbrate [ædʌ mbrèit, ǽdəmbrèit] v. 어렴풋이 표현하다 1. to give a sketchy outline of 2. to prefigure indistinctly; foreshadow 3. to disclose partially or guardedly
adumbrate : punctuality (A에는 B의 속성이 없음) revelation ↔ adumbration
advent [ǽdvent] n. 출현, 도래 advent ↔ end, exit, disappearance, departure
adversary [ǽdvərsèri / -səri] n. 적 : ENEMY, FOE opposition : adversary :: instruction : mentor supplicant : humility :: adversary : resistance (A have B, CHARACTER) supplicant n. 탄원자 a. 탄원하는, 애원하는 humility 겸손, 비하
adversary ↔ ally ally [əlái] 동맹국, 연합국; 친척, 동료
advertence [ædvə ːrtəns, əd-] n. 주의, 유의; 용의주도함 advert 주의를 환기시키다; 언급하다 to call attention; refer
advertence ↔ inattention advertent ↔ inattentive inadvertence ↔ careful attention
advertise [ǽdvərtàiz] v.t. 광고하다 : to announce publicly especially by a printed notice or a
broadcast advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal
advocate [ǽdvəkèit] v.t. 주장하다 : to speak, pled, or argue in favor of
advocacy : champion :: criticism : evaluate champion; v. 옹호(지지)하다, 지키다
exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass exponent 주창자, 표적 인물 pollster, polltaker 여론 조사원 canvass 면 히 조사하다; (선거에서) 표를 구하러 다니다; 여론 조사
를 하다 advocate ↔ attack, impugn, oppose, thwart, impede
aerate [ɛ əreit, éiərèit] v. 공기를 쐬다, 통풍시키다; 혈액에 산소를 공급하다
aerate : oxygen :: hydrate : water aerate ↔ remove air from
aerial [ɛ əriəl, eiíər-] a. 공기의 : of relating to, or occurring in the air or atmosphere
aerial : air :: aquatic : water aerial : air :: ferrous : iron
aesthete [ésθi:t] n. 심미안이 있는 사람, 예술 애호가 1. one who cultivates an unusually high sensitivity to beauty,
as in art or nature 2. one whose pursuit and admiration of beauty is regarded as
excessive or affected aesthete : art :: gourmand : food aesthete ↔ person insensitive to beauty
aesthetics [esθétiks / iːs-] n. 미학 : a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty,
art, and taste and with the creation and appreciation of beauty
aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge epistemology 인식론
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gourmet : food :: aesthete : art gourmet [gúərmei] 미식가, 식도락가
philistine ↔ aesthete philistine (예술이나 문화적 가치를 경멸하는) 속물; 문외한
affable [ǽfəbəl] a. 상냥한 : characterized by ease and friendliness
affable : gracious :: (A=B) affable : ease :: (A하면 B하기 쉬운 성격을 지님) affable ↔ irascible, testy, uncommunicative, reticent, solitary irascible 성미 급한, 화를 잘 내는 testy 화를 잘 내는, 성미 급한, 성깔 있는(irritable)
affability ↔ surliness, sullenness, irascibility surly 무뚝뚝한, 붙임성 없는, 퉁명스러운 sullen 시무룩한, 무뚝뚝한; (날씨, 소리 등이) 음침한
affectation [æfektéi∫:ən] n. 꾸미기, 가장; 허세 1. a show, pretense, or display 2. a. behavior that is assumed rather than natural;
artificiality b. a particular habit, as of speech or dress, adopted to give a false impression
affectation ↔ artlessness, ingenuousness
affected [əféktid] a. 영향을 받은; 잘난체하는, 허세부리는 1. influenced ; changed ; emotionally stirred or moved 2. assumed or simulated to impress others
posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant (A = B가 없는 사람) tolerant 관 한, 너그러운; 용서하는
disaffected : contentment :: dubious : commitment, conviction :: dishonest : integrity (A lack B) disaffect 정떨어지게 하다, 호의를 잃게 하다 to cause to lose
affection or loyalty disaffected resentful and rebellious, especially against authority
commit 위임하다, 맡기다; 입장을 분명히 하다, 언명하다; (죄 등
을) 범하다, 저지르다 conviction 유죄 (판결); 신념, 확신 a fixed or strong belief
officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel (EQUAL, 형용사 : 동사) officious 참견하기 좋아하는, 주제넘게 나서는 meddle 쓸데없이 참견하다, 간섭하다
disaffected ↔ content, contented affected ↔ natural, artless, ingenuous ingenuous 솔직한, 성실한; 순진한, 꾸밈없는
affection [əfékʃən] n. 애정, 호의 : FONDNESS apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) embrace, kiss : affection :: shrug : indifference :: frown : displeasure (A = B를 보여주는 행동) shrug to raise (the shoulders), especially as a gesture of doubt,
disdain, or indifference scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl 얼굴을 찡그리다 hurl 내던지다, 팽개치다; 전복시키다; 욕설을 퍼붓다
swagger : bravado :: caress : affection (sign) swagger 뽐내며 걷다, 허풍을 떨다 bravado 허장성세 caress [kərés] 애무하다, 쓰다듬다; 부드럽게 하다
obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection obeisance 경례, 경의의 표현; 존경 embrace 껴안다; (제안 등을) 받아들이다; 알아차리다, 깨닫다
mercurial : mood :: fickle : affection mercurial 수은의;수성(水星)의;활발한,명랑한;변덕스러운,경박한 fickle 변덕스러운, 불안정한; 마음이 잘 변하는
antipathy ↔ affection
affidavit [æ fədéivit] n. 선서, 진술서 : a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath
or on affirmation affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony (A is a kind of B)
affiliate [əfílieit] v. 가입시키다, 합병하다;유래를...에 구하다, ...으로
돌리다 1. to adopt or accept as a member, subordinate associate, or
branch 2. to associate (oneself) as a subordinate, subsidiary,
employee, or member 3. to assign the origin of
aligned ↔ awry, not affiliated, askew, improperly adjusted, badly adjusted, warped, irregular
affiliation [əfìliéiʃən] n. 가입, 가맹; 동맹, 연합; 협력; 결연 : to bring or receive into close connection as a member or
branch affiliation ↔ dissociation
affinity [əfínəti] n. 인척 (관계); 유사; 좋아함, 애호 1. a natural attraction or feeling of kinship 2. relationship by marriage 3. an inherent similarity between persons or things
affinity ↔ antipathy, aversion, hideousness, repugnance hideous [hídiəs] 무서운, 소름끼치는, 추한; 극악무도한
affix [əfíks] v. 첨부하다, 덧붙여 쓰다; (죄, 책임 등을) 뒤집어씌우다 1. to secure to something; attach 2. to impute; attribute 3. to place at the end; append
affix ↔ detach
afflict [əflíkt] v. 괴롭히다 : torture, gruel, distress, wreak, inflict, tribulate
affliction [əflíkʃən] n. 심한 고통 1. a condition of pain, suffering, or distress 2. a cause of pain, suffering, or distress
affluent [ǽflu(ː)ənt, əflúː-] a. 풍부한 : having a generously sufficient and typically increasing
supply of material possessions affluent ↔ needy, indigent indigent [índidʒənt] 살기 어려운, 가난한 experiencing want or need;
impoverished impecunious ↔ wealthy, prosperous, affluent impecunious 무일푼의 lacking money; penniless
penury ↔ affluence penury 극빈, 결핍
affront [əfrʌ nt] v. 모욕하다 n. 무례한 언동, 모욕 (=OFFEND : to cause displeasure, anger) : to insult intentionally, especially openly : an open or intentional offense, slight, or insult
affront ↔ please(칭찬, 찬사하다 류) (*countenance(찬’성’하다 류)는 오답)
agape [əgéip] adv. adj. 입을 딱 벌리고(벌린), 어이없이(는), 열중하여
(한) agape ↔ closed
aghast [əgǽst, əgɑ ːst] a. 혼비백산한 : SHOCKED : struck by shock, terror, or amazement
agenda [ədʒéndə] n. (회의) 의사일정 : a list or program of things to be done or considered
program : concert :: agenda : meeting repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting curriculum : class :: menu : dish curriculum, syllabus : course :: agenda : meeting itinerary : travel, trip :: agenda : meeting minute : agenda :: log : itinerary (주요 기록 사항) minute 의사록 a note or summary covering points to be remembered itinerary 여정, 여행 일정, 여행안내서 log; a record of a ship's speed, its progress, and any shipboard events
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of navigational importance
aggrandize [əgrǽndaiz, ǽgrəndàiz] v.t. 확 하다, (지위를) 높이
다, (세력, 재산 등을) 늘리다 : to make appear great or greater; praise highly
aggrandize ↔ disparage, efface aggrandize ↔ downplay aggrandize ↔ relegate (undermine은 2순위?(중국 2회-6-31번)) relegate 좌천시키다
effacing ↔ aggrandizing efface 지우다, 말살하다; 존재를 희미하게 만들다 conspicuous 눈에 잘 띄는; 이목을 끄는
aggravate [ǽgrəvèit] v.t. 악화시키다 : to make worse, more serious, or more severe; intensify
unpleasantly succor ↔ aggravate succor [sʌkər] 구조, 구원하다 to give assistance to in time of want,
difficulty, or distress aggravate ↔ alleviate, ameliorate alleviate 경감, 완화하다 to make (pain, for example) more bearable ameliorate 개선/개량하다 to make or become better; improve
console ↔ aggravate grief allay ↔ increase the intensity of, aggravate, intensify allay [əléi] 가라앉히다, 완화시키다
aggregate [ǽgrigèit] v. n. a. 모으다, 집합체, 집합한 : to collect or gather into a mass or whole
coalesce ↔ disaggregate coalesce 합체, 합병하다
disaggregate, disintegrate ↔ join together aggregate ↔ isolated units (명) aggregate ↔ disperse (동) aggregated ↔ detached, separated, unfastened, part, split, polarized, bifurcated, broken apart
aggressive [əgrésiv] a. 적극적인, 공격적인 : inclined to behave in a hostile fashion
aggressive ↔ even meaning, even-tempered
aggrieve [əgríːv] v.t. 괴롭히다, 고통주다 : DISTRESS 1. to distress; afflict 2. to inflict an injury or injuries on
aggrieve ↔ gratify, comfort, mollify, appease, conciliate (energize, inspire는 오답) gratify 만족시키다, 기쁘게 하다 to please or satisfy; to give what is
desired to aggrieved ↔ buoyant
aghast [əgǽst] adj. 경실색한, 간담이 서늘한 : struck by shock, terror, or amazement
aghast ↔ undismayed dismay 1. to destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or
apprehension 2. to cause to loose enthusiasm; disillusion 3. to upset or alarm
agile [ǽdʒəl] adj. 민첩한, 날렵한; 활발한, 활기 넘치는 1. characterized by quickness, lightness, and ease of
movement; nimble 2. mentally alert
agile : movement :: agile : mobility :: agile ↔ sluggish agility ↔ dilatoriness, hesistancy dilatory 꾸물거리는, 지연하는; 질질 끄는 hesistancy, hesistance 망설임, 주저, 우유부단
agitate [ǽdʒitèit] v. 휘젓다; 격앙시키다, 선동하다
1. to cause to move with violence or sudden force 2. to upset; disturb 3. to arouse interest in (a cause, for example) by use of the
written or spoken word; debate * agitation n.
agitated : equanimity :: (A에는 B의 속성이 없는) coolheaded ↔ excitable, nervous, agitated, ruffled agitate ↔ soothe agitation ↔ sang-froid, repose sang-froid 침착, 냉정
agog [əgɑ g / əgɔ g] adj. 흥분한/열망하는 : full of intense interest or excitement : EAGER
agog ↔ indifferent
agonize [ǽgənaiz] v. 몹시 괴로워하다; 필사적으로 노력하다 1. to suffer extreme pain or great anguish 2. to make a great effort; struggle
agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern (A >> B)
agony [ǽgəni] n. 심한 고통, 몸부림 : ANGUISH, TORTURE : intense pain of mind or body
agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern (A >> B) obsess to preoccupy the mind of excessively
painful : agonizing :: important : paramount (A << B) paramount of chief concern or importance; supreme in rank, power, or
authority
agrarian [əgrɛ əriən] a. 농업의 agrarian : farming :: mercantile : trade mercantile [mə :rkəntì:l] of or relating to merchants or trade
airtight [ɛ ərtàit] a. 공기가 빠져나가지 못할, 빈틈없는 : having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or loophole
airtight : loophole :: (A = B가 없는) foolproof : fail :: airtight : leak foolproof 누구나 할 수 있는, 아주 간단한
alacrity [əlǽkrəti] n. 어떤 일에 민활함, 선뜻 나섬 : promptness in response; cheerful readiness
husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (OPPOSITE) husbandry 농업, 경작, 축산; 검약, 절약 procrastinate 미루다, 꾸물 다
alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd (EQUAL, 명 : 형) alacrity : apathetic :: temerity : timid (OPPOSITE) apathetic 무표정의; 냉담한, 무관심한 temerity foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness timid lacking self-confidence; shy; fearful and hesitant
alacrity ↔ dilatoriness, hesitancy, hesitance, reluctance, delay, foot-dragging dilatory; intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay foot-dragging; 지체, 더딤, 주저
alacrity ↔ recalcitrance, sluggishness recalcitrant marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority
or guidance
albino [ælbáinou / -bíː-] n. 백색종 (선천성 색소 결핍증에 걸린 사람, 동물, 식물)
albino : pigment :: prairie : tree pigment 안료, 색소 prairie 초원 지 treeless grassland
alchemy [ǽlkəmi] n. 연금술, 마력 alchemy : chemistry :: false drug : treatment astrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistry alchemy : science :: nostrum : remedy nostrum 엉터리 약; (사회, 정치 문제 해결의) 특효약
alibi [ǽləbài] n. 변명 : an explanation offered to avoid blame or justify action; an
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excuse alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory exculpatory 해명이 되는, 죄를 벗겨주는, 변명의 admonitory 충고의, 훈계의
alibi : exculpatory :: admonishment : warning alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive (A is for B) sophism 궤변, 아전인수
alienate [éiljən`eit] v. 멀리하다, 떼어 놓다, 소외하다 / 재산, 권리 등을 양도하다
1. To cause to become unfriendly or hostile; estrange: alienate a friend; alienate potential supporters by taking extreme positions. ESTRANGE
2. To cause to become withdrawn or unresponsive; isolate or dissociate emotionally: The numbing labor tended to alienate workers.
3. To cause to be transferred; turn away: “He succeeded . . . in alienating the affections of my only ward” (Oscar Wilde).
4. Law. To transfer (property or a right) to the ownership of another, especially by an act of the owner rather than by inheritance.
alienate ↔ unite, reunite
align [əláin] v. 정렬시키다, 일직선으로 하다, (단체, 당 국가 등을) 제휴(연합)시키다
예; aligned nations 제휴한 여러 나라 align ↔ divide, disjoin aligned ↔ awry, not affiliated, askew, improperly adjusted, badly adjusted, warped, irregular awry [ərái] 구부러져, 비스듬히; 빗나간, 잘못된 affiliate 합병시키다, 한 패로 끌어들이다, 제휴시키다 warp [wɔ:rp] 구부리다, 일탈시키다, 왜곡하다
allay [əléi] v. 가라앉히다, 완화시키다 : ALLEVIATE 1. to reduce the intensity of; relieve 2. to calm or pacify; set to rest
allay : relief :: (A는 B를 할 수 있게 해 줌) allay ↔ increase the intensity of, excite, galvanize, arouse, exacerbate, foment, aggravate, compel, intensify, irritate, provoke exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of;
aggravate
allegiance [əlíːdʒəns] n. 충성 : devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause
authority : pundits :: allegiance : partisans (B have A) pundit 학자, 전문가 partisan 동지, 지지자
renegade : allegiance :: apostate : faith renegade 변절자, 배반자 apostate [əpásteit] 배교자, 탈당자 apostasy abandonment of one's religious faith, a political party, one's
principles, or a cause
allegory [ǽləgɔ ːri / -gəri] n. 비유; 우화 : the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and
actions of truths or generalizations about human existence
allegory : fiction :: (B use A)
allergy [ǽlə:rd3i] n. 알레르기; 반감, 혐오 1. an abnormal high sensitivity to certain substances, such
as pollens, foods, or microorganisms 2. (informal) an adverse sentiment; antipathy
allergy : reaction :: lancet : instrument (A is a kind of B)
alleviate [əlíːvièit] v. 완화하다 : RELIEVE, LESSEN : to make (as suffering) more bearable
abate : tax :: alleviate : distress alleviate : intensity :: abate : tax :: console : grief (A remove B) alleviate : strength :: dampen : ardor :: assuage : sorrow alleviation : immitigable :: 완화 : 완화할 수 없는 alleviate ↔ intensify, exacerbate, increase intensity exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of;
aggravate
alliterate [əlítərèit] v. 두운을 사용하다 alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface * alliteration exaggeration, duplication의 뉘앙스(alliterate means repetition of sounds, indicating lengthiness or wordiness. Remove, on the other hand, means cut short or make more concise)
/ blazon means proclaim widely, like in obvious and open manner, while efface (as in self-effaced) mean behaving modest or reserved. blazon 과시, 자랑하다; 공표하다, 퍼뜨리다 efface 지우다, 말살하다; 존재를 희미하게 만들다
alloy [əlɔ i] v. 섞다, 합금을 만들다, 품질을 떨어뜨리다 : to debase by the addition of an inferior element
alloy : purity :: thin : density (A reduce B)
allowance [əláuəns] n. (특정목적의) 할당량 : a share or portion allotted or granted
pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream (A is small B) pittance 적은 생활비/수입; 소량 rivulet 시내, 개울
allude [əlúːd] vi. 넌지시 말하다 : to make indirect reference
intimate : communicate :: allude : refer intimate 넌지시 비추다, 암시하다; 공표하다
allude ↔ mention explicitly
ally [əlái] n. 동맹자, 협력자 ally ↔ adversary, rival
aloft [əlɔ (ː)ft / -lɑ -] ad. 위에 높이 : at or to a great height
founder ↔ stay aloft founder 창립자; 가라앉히다, 붕괴하다
groundedly ↔ aloft
aloof [əluːf] a. 쌀쌀 맞은, 냉담한 : removed or distant either physically or emotionally
aloof : objectivity :: (A는 B의 성격을 지님) aloof : solitude :: (A는 B의 성격을 지님) aloof : reserve :: sluggish : torpor (A는 B의 성격을 지님) aloof : associate :: politic : offend (OPPOSITE) (형 : 동) politic 현명한, 분별이 있는; 시기적절한; 교활한, 빈틈없는
aloof ↔ having affinity, gregarious, intimate gregarious 군집성의; 사교적인(sociable); 무리의, 군집의
alphabetical [ælfəbétikəl] a. 알파벳순의 dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological annals 연 기; 연보
altruism [ǽltruːìzəm] n. 이타주의 altruist : selflessness :: connoisseur : expertise (A have B) connoisseur 감정가, 전문가 expertise 전문적 기술/지식
altruism ↔ egocentrism, egoism vulture ↔ altruist vulture 독수리, 콘도르; 욕심쟁이, 사기꾼
amalgamate [əmǽlgəmèit] v. 혼합하다, 합병하다 : to unite in or as if in an amalgam, especially to merge into a
single body
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amalgamation : disintegrated :: (OPPOSITE) amalgamate ↔ separate, isolate, disintegrate, insulate insulate 부도체로 입히다; 분리, 격리하다
amalgamation ↔ disintegration
amass [əmǽs] v. 축적하다 : ACCUMULATE : to gather together for oneself, as for one's pleasure or
profit; accumulate amass ↔ dissipate
ambiguous [æmbígjuəs] a. 분명치 않은, 애매모호한 : doubtful or uncertain especially from obscurity or
indistinctness ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth (LACK) mendacious 거짓의, 허위의; 정직하지 못한
ambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignore (A = B하기 힘든) blatant 뻔뻔스러운; 뻔한; 떠들썩한
equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal platitude 진부한 이야기, 상투적인 문구; 평범, 단조로움 banal 진부한, 흔해빠진, 시시한(trivial)
equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruent, incongruous oxymoron 모순 어법 [for example, crowed solitude] incongruent 일치하지 않는, 부적당한
unequivocal : ambiguity :: spotless : blemish (OPPOSITE) blemish an imperfection that mars or impairs; a flaw or defect
ambivalent [æmbívəlent] a. 양면 가치의; 동요하는 : simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings
toward an object, person, or action * ambivalence [æmbívələns] n. 양면가치, 마음의 동요 1. the coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings, such as
love and hate, toward a person, an object, or an idea 2. uncertainty or indecisiveness as to which course to
follow ambivalent ↔ committed, definite, settled, unequivocal committed 전념하는, 헌신적인
amble [ǽmbəl] vi. 느릿느릿 걷다, n. 느린 걸음걸이 : SAUNTER
: to walk slowly or leisurely; stroll walk : amble :: talk : chat :: draw : doodle doodle 끼적거리다, 빈둥거리다
amble : wander (EQUAL) wander 헤매다, 어슬렁거리다
amble ↔ step/stride/walk quickly, scurry , march rapidly scurry (종종걸음으로) 급히 가다, 서두르다, 잰 걸음
ambrosial [æmbróuʒiəl] a. 아주 맛있는, 향기로운 extremely pleasing to taste or smell in food
mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food mellifluous 달콤한, 감미로운
mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste savory 맛있는, 입맛 당기는
ambulatory [ǽmbjulətɔ ːri / -təri] v. 이동하는 ambulatory ↔ bedridden
ameliorate [əmíːljərèit, -liə-] v.t. 개선하다 : to make or become better; improve
ameliorate : promotion :: exacerbate : depravation (EQUAL, 동사 : 명사) exacerbate 악화시키다; 분개시키다 to increase the severity,
violence, or bitterness of; aggravate depravation 타락, 부패, 악화 deprave 타락시키다, 부패시키다 to debase, especially morally;
corrupt
ameliorate : improve :: admonish : caution (EQUAL, 동 : 동) ameliorate : improve :: persuade : convince ameliorate ↔ aggravate, exacerbate damper ↔ ameliorator damp 축축하게 하다; 약하게 하다, 기를 꺾다
amenable [əmíːnəbəl, əméŋə-] a. (충고, 지시 등을) 잘 따르는 : readily brought to yield, submit, or cooperate
amenable ↔ inimical, intransigent, obdurate, recalcitrant inimical 불리한, 해로운; 적개심 있는, 적의로 가득한 intransigent 타협/양보하지 않는; 완고한
amend [əménd] v. 개선/수정하다 1. to change for the better; improve 2. to remove the faults or errors in; correct 3. to alter (a legislative measure, for example) formally by
adding, deleting, or rephrasing corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify
amenity [əménəti] n. 쾌적함, 상냥한 태도 : something that conduces to comfort, convenience, or
enjoyment amenity : comfortable :: paradigm : exemplifying amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful honorarium [ànərɛ əriəm] (받는 쪽에서 청구하지 않은) 사례금, 보수
금 grateful 감사하는, 고마워하는; 감사를 나타내는
amenity ↔ nuisance
amiable [éimiəbəl] a. 상냥한 : being friendly, sociable, and congenial
inimical, rancorous ↔ friendly, amiable, amicable
amicable [ǽmikəbəl] a. 우호적인 : PEACEABLE : characterized by friendly goodwill
amicable : malign :: negligible : elevate (OPPOSITE) malign 욕설을 하다 to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statement
about; speak evil of elevate 들어올리다, 승진시키다; 고상하게 하다
amicable : friendliness :: (같은 뜻) inimical ↔ friendly, amiable, amicable asperity ↔ amicableness amicable ↔ rancorous
amiss [əmís] adj. adv. 잘못된, 잘못하여 : IMPERFECTLY 1. out of proper order 2. not in perfect shape; faulty
amnesia [æmní:ʒə] n. 기억 상실, 건망증 : partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock,
psychological disturbance, brain injury, or illness amnesia : memory :: enervation : vigor amnesia ↔ retention, remembrance, consciousness, awareness
amorphous [əmɔ ːrfəs] a. 무정형의 : SHAPELESS : having no definite form
amorphous : shape, structure :: errant, wandering : course :: ignorant : knowledge :: equivocal : certainty : disjointed : coherence errant 편력하는, (정도에서) 벗어난, (판단 등이) 잘못된 disjointed 따로따로 해체된; 혼란한, (말, 생각 등이) 지리멸렬한, 종
잡을 수 없는 amorphousness : definition :: lassitude : energy (LACK) lassitude 피곤함, 나른함 a state or feeling of weariness, diminished
energy, or listlessness amorphous ↔ defined, definite
amphibian [æmfíbiən] n. 양서류; 수륙 양용 비행기; 이중인격자
amplify [ǽmpləfài] v.t. 확 하다 : INCREASE 1. to make larger or more powerful; increase
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2. to add to, as by illustrations; make complete 3. to exaggerate 4. to produce amplification of
amplify ↔ mute, abridge mute 소리를 죽이다; (색조 등을) 부드럽게 하다
amplitude [ǽmplitjùːd ] n. 충분함 : FULLNESS 1. greatness of size; magnitude 크기 2. fullness; copiousness 충분한
amplitude ↔ meagerness meager 부족한, 결핍한; 여윈, 홀쭉해진
amulet [ǽmjəlit] n. 부적 : an object worn, especially around the neck, as a charm
against evil or injury amulet : evil :: helmet : injury (A prevent B)
anachronism [ənǽkrənìstic] n. 시 착오, 연 /날짜의 오기(誤記) 1. representation of someone as existing or something as
happening in other than the chronological, proper, or historical order
2. one that is out of its proper or chronological order * anachronistic a.
anachronistic : time :: discordant : sound anachronistic ↔ timely
anaerobic [ǽnəròubic, ænɛ əroubic] a. 산소 없어도 살 수 있는 : living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free
oxygen anaerobic ↔ living in oxygen, require oxygen, respiring respire 호흡하다; 한숨 돌리다
analgesia [ænəldʒí:zik, -dʒésik] 무통증 : a deadening or absence of the sense of pain without loss
of consciousness analgesia ↔ sensitivity to pain
analgesic [`ænəld3í:zik] n. 진통제 analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation anesthetic 마취제
aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs aseptic 방부제
pain : analgesic :: sensation : anesthetic :: symptom : palliative palliative 완화제
analgesia : pain :: simplification : complexity tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden :: stimulant : arouse soporific : alertment :: analgesic : pain
analogy [ənǽlədʒi] n. 유사 : SIMILARITY disparate ↔ analogous disparate [díspərit] fundamentally distinct or different in kind;
entirely dissimilar analogous ↔ lacking similarity
analysis [ənǽləsis] n. 분해 measure : dimensions :: analyze : nature synthesis ↔ analysis
anarchist [ǽnərkist] n. 무정부주의자 : one who rebels against any authority, established order,
or ruling power anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery anarchist : rebel :: apologist : defend apologist 변명/변호하는 사람
anarchy ↔ order
anathema [ənǽθəmə] n. 저주 : CURSE, EXECRATION 1. a formal ecclesiastical ban, curse, or excommunication 2. a vehement denunciation; a curse 3. one that is cursed or damned
4. one that is greatly reviled, loathed, or shunned anathema : curse :: theocracy : state (A is a kind of B) anathema 신권 정치; 신정(神政) → 신에 의해 다스려지는 state
anathema ↔ panegyric, blessing panegyric 칭찬의 말/글, 찬사(laudation)
ancestor [ǽnsestər, -səs-] n. 선조 heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator heirloom [ɛ ərlù:m] 세습 재산 bequest 유증, 유산, 유물 testator 유언자
scion ↔ ancestor scion [sáiən] 자손(의 한 사람)
anchor [ǽnkər] n. 닻; 고정 장치 v. 고정/정박시키다 anchor ↔ dislodge dislodge 제거하다, 몰아내다, 치우다, 쫓아내다
ancillary [ǽnsəlèri / ænsíləri] a. 보조의 : of secondary importance; auxiliary, helping
ancillary ↔ paramount
anecdote [ǽnikdòutidʒ] n. 일화 1. a short account of an interesting or humorous incident 2. anecdotes or anecdota secret or hitherto undivulged
particulars of history or biography 야사 anecdote : amusement :: lecture : instruction (PURPOSE) anecdote : story :: anecdote : narrative :: skit : play (A ∈ B) skit 풍자극, 촌극
anemic [əníːmik] a. 빈혈의; 무기력한 1. of, relating to, or suffering from anemia(빈혈) 2. lacking vitality; listless and weak * anemia [əní:miə] n. 빈혈; 무기력
anemia ↔ plethora plethora 과다, 과잉(overfullness); 적혈구 과다증, 다혈증
anemic ↔ hale, strong hale 원기 왕성한 free from infirmity or illness; sound
anesthetic [ænəsθétik] a. n. 마취의, 마취제 : lacking awareness or sensitivity
analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs soporific : alert :: anesthetic : pain soporific 수면제
vaccination : disease :: anesthesia : sensation sensation ↔ anesthesia anesthesia [ænisθí:ʒə] 마취, 마비
anhydrous [ænháidrəs] a. 무수의 : without water, especially water of crystallization
anhydrous ↔ wet
animation [æ nəméiʃən] n. 활기참 : ALIVE lassitude ↔ vim, verve, animation lassitude 피곤, 나른함; 무관심 a state or feeling of weariness,
diminished energy, or listlessness vim 정력, 원기, 열의 verve (예술 작품에서의) 열정, 기백; (일반적인) 생기, 기력
animus [ǽnəməs] n. 의향, 의도; 적개심, 증오심 1. an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition 2. a feeling of animosity; ill will
animus ↔ friendship, friendliness
annals [ǽnəlz] n. 연 기 표 1. a chronological record of the events of successive years 2. a descriptive account or record; a history 3. a periodical journal in which the records and reports of a
learned field are compiled
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dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological
annotate [ǽnətèit] 주석을 달다 to furnish (a literary work) with critical commentary or explanatory notes; gloss
annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition gloss 광택, 윤; 겉치레, 허식; 행간의 주, 해설, 용어 풀이
annoy [ənɔ i] v.t. 성가시게 하다, 화를 내다 1. to cause slight irritation to (another) by troublesome,
often repeated acts 2. to harass or disturb by repeated attacks
testy : annoy :: tractable : control (B하기 쉬운 = A) testy 화를 잘 내는, 성미 급한 tractable 다루기 쉬운, 유순한
annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl (B = A하는 사람) gadfly 쇠파리; 귀찮게 구는 사람 churl 버릇없는 사람
maudlin : sentimental :: peeved : annoyed (A >> B :: A = B) (x) maudlin 눈물이 헤픈, 지나치게 감상적인 effusively or tearfully
sentimental patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) patronize 단골로 삼다, 애용하다; 후원하다, 찬조하다; 생색을 내는
태도를 취하다 condescend 자신을 낮추다; 뻐기며 하다 to deal with people in a
patronizingly superior manner testy : annoy :: hesitating : balk (CHARACTER) balk [bɔ:k] 주저하다, 뒷걸음치다
annul [ənʌ l] v. 무효화하다, 폐기하다 1. to make or declare void or invalid, as a marriage or a
law; nullify 2. to obliterate the effect or existence of
annul ↔ make legal, reaffirm
anodyne [ǽnoudàin] n. 진통제 (analgesic, pain-killer) 형용사 뜻 1. capable of soothing or eliminating pain 2. relaxing 3. watered-down; insipid
anodyne : pain :: soporific : wakefulness (B는 A를 저하시킴) soporific 졸리게 하는, 최면성의 wakefulness 잠이 오지 않는
anodyne ↔ irritant
anomalous [ənɑ mələs / ənɔ m-] a. 변칙의 : IRREGULAR, UNUSUAL
anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless (OPPOSITE) paradigm 모범, 전형 blemish (명성 등을) 더럽히다, 손상하다 to mar or impair by a flaw anomalous ↔ conforming to norms, normal, typical
anomaly [ənáməli] adj. 변칙, 이례, 이상 1. deviation or departure from the normal or common order,
form, or rule 2. one that is peculiar, irregular, abnormal, or difficult to
classify * anomalous adj. 변칙적인, 파격의, 특이한
anomaly ↔ conformity to norms, predicted occurrence anomalous ↔ paradigmatic
anonymous [ənɑ nəməs / ənɔ nə-] a. 작자 미상의, 익명의 : not named or identified
anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite (A lack B) nonchalant 무관심한, 냉정한, 무심한 seeming to be coolly
unconcerned or indifferent anonymous : identify :: unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary unplumbed 잴 수 없는, 헤아릴 수 없는
answerable [ǽnsərəbl| á:n-] a.책임이 있는, 남에게 책임을 져야 할
answerable ↔ not responsible for, exempt from liability
antagonize [æntǽgənàiz] v.t. 적개심을 일으키다, 반 하다 : to incur the dislike of; to counteract
cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize 겁 : 상대방을 겁먹게하다 :: 화 : 상대방을 화나게하다
antagonistic ↔ synergic synergic, synergistic 상승 작용인
propitiate, placate, mollify ↔ antagonize propitiate 달래다, 진정시키다 to conciliate; appease placate [pléikeit] to allay the anger of, especially by making
concessions; appease allay [əléi] 가라앉히다(calm); 누그러뜨리다
antecedent [æntisí:dənt] n. 선행자, 전례, 선조 a. 전의, 앞선 antecedent ↔ posterity posterity 후대, 후세, 자손, 후예
antediluvian [æntidilúːviən / -vjən] a. 태고의 : extremely old and antiquated
antediluvian : age :: colossal : size colossal [kəlásəl] 거 한, 량의
antenna [ænténə] n. 촉각, 더듬이 antennae : butterfly :: (B have A)
anterior [æntíəriər] a. 이전의 : coming before in time or development
anterior ↔ ensuing ensue 계속되다, 뒤따라 일어나다, 결과로 일어나다
anthology [ænθɑ lədʒi / -θɔ l-] n. 명문 선집 compendium : summary :: anthology : collection (EQUAL) compendium 해설, 개론; 요약
antibiotic [æntibaiɑ tik, -tai / -ɔ t-] n. 항생제 antibiotic : infection :: coagulant : bleeding coagulant 응고제
antic [ǽntik] n. 익살, 장난 a. 별난, 익살스러운 v. 장난치다 : a ludicrous or extravagant act or gesture
antic : gravity :: (A lack B) facetious : speech :: antic : behavior facetious [fəsí:ʃəs] 익살맞은; 까부는, 경박한 playfully jocular;
humorous
anticipatory [æntísəpətɔ ːri, -tòu-] a. 예상한, 선구적인 retrospective ↔ anticipatory
antidote [ǽntidòut] n. 해독제 antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation :: remedy : disease balm 향유; 진통제, 위안
antidote : poison :: tonic : lethargy lethargy 무기력, 무관심
antidote ↔ intoxication
antipathy [æntípəθi] n. 혐오, 반감 : DISTASTE : settled aversion or dislike
antipathy ↔ affection, affinity, benevolence, fondness, predilection, proclivity, settled fondness predilection 편애, 좋아함(preference) proclivity 성향, 기질, 경향(tendency) agreeable : antipathy :: tedious : engrossment (A에는 B가 없음) agreeable 기호나 취미에 맞는, 기꺼이 동의하는
antique [æntíːk] a. 고 의 : ANCIENT 1. belonging to, made in, or typical of an earlier period 2. of or belonging to ancient times, especially of, from, or
characteristic of ancient Greece or Rome 3. of or dealing in antiques 4. old-fashioned
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antique ↔ recent
antiseptic [æntəséptik] n. 방부제 oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize sedative 진정제 sterilize 살균/소독하다; 단종하다; 메마르게 하다
antithetic, antithetical [æntiθétik] adj. 조의; 조를 이루는, 정반 의
1. of, relating to, or marked by antithesis 2. being in diametrical opposition
drenched : wet :: antithetic : different (A >> B) antithetic, antithetical ↔ congruent
anvil [ǽnvəl] n. 모루 hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar
apathetic [æ pəθétik] adj. 무감동의; 냉담한, 무관심한 (indifferent)
1. feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent
2. feeling or showing little or no emotion; unresponsive apathetic ↔ motivated, vehement vehement 열정적인; 격렬한, 맹렬한
apathy [ǽpəθi] n. 냉담, 무관심 : IMPASSIVENESS : lack of feeling or emotion
ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic (OPPOSITE) ennui [á:nwi] 권태, 지루함, 울적함 listless and dissatisfaction
resulting from lack of interest fervor 진지, 열정
apex [éipeks] n. 최고조 1. the highest point; the vertex 2. the point of culmination 3. the usually pointed end of an object; the tip
apex ↔ nadir [néidәr] apex : career :: summit : mountain (zenith : horizon은 오답)
aphorism [ǽfərìzəm] n. 경구 : ADAGE 1. a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; an
adage 2. a brief statement of a principle
aphorism : succinct :: bromide : hackneyed (A는 B의 성격을 지님) bromide 진부한 이야기
aphorism : brevity :: caricature : distortion (A는 B의 성격을 지님) pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffusive (A is not B) euphemism 완곡어법 diffuse 널리 퍼진; 장황한
aphoristic ↔ prolix aphorism ↔ tirade
apiary [éipièri, -əri] n. 양봉장 apiary : bee(s) :: cage : pet
aplomb [əplɑ m, əplʌ ːm / əplɔ m] n. 침착, 자신감 : complete and confident composure or self-assurance
trepidation ↔ aplomb trepidation 전율, 공표; 불안, 동요
apocalyptic [əpɑ kəlíptik / əpɔ k] a. 계시의, 예언적인 : PROPHETIC
1. of or relating to an apocalypse 2. involving or portending widespread devastation or
ultimate doom 3. characterized by usually exaggerated predictions of or
allusions to a disastrous outcom 4. of a revelatory or prophetic nature
apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : illogical (EQUAL) apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : irrational (EQUAL) inconsequential 중요하지 않은; 비논리적인
apocalyptic ↔ inconsequential, trivial, insignificant apocalyptic ↔ favorable, fortuitous, auspicious, pleasant
apocrypha [əpɑ krəfə / əpɔ kri-] n. 경외전; 출처가 의심스러운 글 : writings or statements of questionable authorship or
authenticity * apocryphal a. 가짜의, 저작자가 미심쩍은
apocrypha : canon :: (OPPOSITE) apocryphal : authentic :: (OPPOSITE) apocryphal : authentication :: shady : integrity (A lack B) shady a. 미심쩍은, 의심스러운, 수상한, 떳떳하지 못한
apocrypha ↔ canon apocryphal ↔ authentic, authenticated
apogee [ǽpədʒ ì:] n. 원지점(↔ perigee), 절정, 정점 apogee ↔ lowliest, nadir
apologize [əpɑ lədʒàiz / əpɔ l-] v. 사과하다, 변호하다 1. to make excuse for or regretful acknowledgment of a fault
or offense 2. to make a formal defense or justification in speech or
writing saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend saboteur 파괴자
patron : support :: apologist : defend patron 보호자, 후원자; 단골손님
apologize : regret :: gibe : derision (EQUAL, 동 : 명) gibe 조롱하다, 우롱하다 to make taunting, heckling, or jeering
remarks derision 비웃음, 조롱
apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed contrite 회개한, 후회의 빛을 보이는
apologist : defend :: anarchist : rebel disciple : follow :: apologist : defend (명(사람) : 동) disciple [disáipəl] 제자, 문하생; 신봉자
heretic : unconformity :: apologist : defend (명(사람) : 명) heretic [héritik] 이단자, 이교도 conformity 일치, 유사, 적합; 순종, 복종
apologist ↔ critic, detractor detract (가치, 명성 등을) 줄이다, 손상하다; 비난하다 to draw or
take away; divert
apology [əpálədʒi] n. 사과; 변명; 임시변통 1. an acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon
for a fault or offense 2. a. a formal justification or defense b. an explanation or excuse 3. an inferior substitute
apology : regret :: gibe : derision (A show B)
apologist [əpɑ lədʒist / əpɔ l-] n. 변호(옹호)하는 사람 : one who speaks or writes in defense of someone or something
apologist ↔ critic/detractor
apophasis [əpɑ fəsəs] n. 부정 어법 : allusion to something by denying that it will be mentioned
apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox oxymoron 모순 어법
apoplectic [æ pəpléktik] a. 발작의, 몹시 성난 : greatly agitated; extremely angry
apoplectic : angry :: emaciated : thin (A >> B) emaciate 쇠약하게 하다 to make or become extremely thin
apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature :: incorrigible : tractable (OPPOSITE) callow (새가) 깃털이 나지 않은; 미숙한 lacking adult maturity or
experience; immature
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apoplectic ↔ calm
apostasy [əpɑ stəsi / əpɔ s-] n. 배교, 변절 : DEFECTION : renunciation of a religious faith; abandonment of a
previous loyalty apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy (B 버린 상태 = A) recant (자신의 이전 주장을) 철회/부인하다 heresy 이론, 반론, 이단
apostasy ↔ fidelity
apostrophe [əpɑ strəfi / əpɔ s-] n. 생략 부호 a mark(') used to indicate the omission of letters or figures,
the possessive case, or the plural of letters or figures apostrophes : word :: ellipsis : sentence ellipsis 생략 (부호)
parenthesis : explanation :: apostrophe : omission * ellipsis (―, ..., ***) : omission * asterisk(*) : annotation(주석), indicate an omission or a reference
to a footnote * caret (^) : interpolation, indicate something is to be inserted in a
line of printed or written matter
apothecary [əpɑ θəkèri / apɔ θ-] n. 약국 주인 apothecary : medicine :: butcher : meat (A sell B) (librarian (사서) : book 관계는 오답)
appall [əpɔ ːl] v.t. 오싹하게 하다 : to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay
appall ↔ embolden, nerve, encourage nerve; v.t. to give strength or courage to
apparel [əpǽrəl] v.t, 옷을 입히다; 꾸미다, 장식하다 1. to clothe or dress 2. to adorn or embellish
gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak gaudy 화려한; 미사여구를 사용한 showy in a tasteless or vulgar
way tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel tonsorial 이발(사)의 sartorial 재봉사의, 의복의
appeal [əpíːl] vi. 간청하다 1. to make an earnest or urgent request, as for help 2. to have recourse, as for corroboration; resort 3. (law) to make or apply for an appeal 4. to be attractive or interesting
recourse 의지, 의뢰 corroborate to strengthen or support with other evidence; make more
certain resort 의지하다, 호소하다, 도움을 청하다; (자주) 가다
remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal (A = B하는 사람) remonstrate 항의하다, 이의를 제기하다 to say or plead in protest,
objection, or reproof
appealing [əpíːliŋ] a. 애원하는; 매력적인, 흥미를 끄는 : PLEASING
appealing ↔ noisome noisome 역겨운, 고약한; 건강에 나쁜, 해로운
appease [əpíːz] v.t. 달래다, 진정시키다 : CALM 1. to bring peace, quiet, or calm to; soothe 2. to satisfy or relieve 3. to pacify or attempt to pacify (an enemy) by granting
concessions, often at the expense of principle appease ↔ aggravate, exacerbate roil ↔ clarify, appease roil (휘저어서) 흐리게 만들다; 시끄럽게 하다, 화를 돋우다
rile, roil, vex ↔ pacify, appease, soothe rile; to stir to anger; to stir up (liquid); roil roil 1. to make (a liquid) muddy or cloudy by stirring up sediment 2.
to displease or disturb; vex
appellation [æpəléiʃən] n. 명명, 이름, 칭호 1. a name, title, or designation 2. the act of naming designation (관직, 지위 등에서의) 지명, 임명
foreword : introductory :: appellation : designative, designatory
appetite [ǽpitàit] n. 식욕, 욕망 1. an instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or
drink 2. a strong wish or urge
appetite : indulge :: voracity ↔ lack of appetite voracity 식, 폭음; 탐욕
applause [əplɔ ːz] n. 박수갈채, 칭찬 * applaud v.t. 박수를 보내다; 칭찬하다 : to express approval, especially by clapping the hands
applaud ↔ disparage mirth : laughter :: approval : applause (B represent A) mirth 환희, 유쾌함, 소동, 웃음 gladness and gaiety, especially when
expressed by laughter
applicant [ǽplikənt] n. 지원자 remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal
appoint [əpɔ int] v.t. 임명하다 appoint : official :: cast : actor
apposite [ǽpəzit] a. 적절한, 관계있는 : APT : strikingly appropriate and relevant
apposite : relevant :: (EQUAL) apposite ↔ extraneous, irrelevant extraneous 관계없는, 본질에서 벗어난; 외부로부터의
appreciable [əpríːʃiəbəl] a. 평가할 만한, 알아볼 수 있는 : capable of being perceived or measured
appreciable : perceive :: tenable : defend (A이면 B할 수 있는) appreciable ↔ imperceptible ponderable ↔ inappreciable ponderable considerable enough to be weighed or assessed;
appreciable
apprehension [æ prihénʃən] n. 불안, 두려움; 이해 1. fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; dread 2. the act of seizing or capturing; arrest 3. the ability to apprehend or understand; understanding
apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) apprehensible [æprihénsebl] a. 이해할 수 있는, 감지될 수 있
는 capable of being understood apprehensible : perceive :: (감지할 수 있는 : 감지하다)
apprehensive [æprihénsiv] a. 불안한, 염려하는 apprehensive : dire :: (A << B)
apprise [əpráiz] v. 알리다, 통지하다 : to give notice to; inform
apprise : information :: admonish : warning apprise ↔ withhold information When he was apprised of the dangerous weather conditions, he decided to postpone his trip.
apprentice [əpréntis] n. 초심자 : novice
approbation [æproubéiʃən] n. 칭찬, 승인 : COMMENDATION, PRAISE
1. an expression of warm approval; praise 2. official approval
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praise : approbation :: demur : objection :: cajole : blandishment (EQUAL, 동 : 명) demur 반 하다 to voice opposition; object
censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible (OPPOSITE) reprehensible 비난받아야 할, 괘씸한 deserving rebuke or censure;
blameworthy endorse : approbation :: (A represent B) approbation ↔ execration, condemnation execration 혐오, 저주
approachable [əpróut∫əbl] a. 접근할 수 있는, 가까기 하기 쉬운 예; an approachable man 친해지기 쉬운 사람 approachable : intimate 친해지기 쉬운 : 친한 (A이면 B하다)
appropriate [əpróuprièit] a. 적합한 : FITTING : suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or
place; fitting meet ↔ inappropriate, unsuitable apt ↔ extremely inappropriate apt 적절한, 적합한; 영리한
appropriate [əpróuprièit] v. (특정 목적에) 사용/전용하다 1. to set apart for a specific use 2. to take possession of or make use of exclusively for
oneself, often without permission lurk : wait :: abscond : depart lurk 숨어서 기다리다, 잠복하다
lurk : concealment :: purloin : appropriation smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate appropriate ↔ surrender appropriate ↔ demise demise 사망, 서거; 양도
approve [əprúːv] v.t. 찬성하다, 승인하다 1. to consider right or good; think or speak favorably of 2. to consent to officially or formally; confirm or sanction
substantiate ↔ disapprove substantiate 확증하다; 구체화하다, 실현시키다
approximate [əprɑ ksəmèit / -rɔ k-] a. 략의 1. almost exact or correct 2. very similar; closely resembling
paraphrase : verbatim :: approximation : precise (OPPOSITE) verbatim 똑같은 말로, 말 그 로 using exactly the same words;
corresponding word for word stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration
apron [éiprən] n. 보호판, 앞치마 : a shield to protect against erosion (as of a waterway) by
water lamp : illuminate :: apron : protect (PURPOSE) drop cloth : floor :: apron : clothing (A protect B) drop cloth (페인트칠을 할 때 등의) 방울막이 천
apropos [æ prəpóu] a. 적절한 : PERTINENT apropos ↔ irrelevant
apt [æpt] a. 적절한, 영리한 : READY, LIKELY 1. exactly suitable; appropriate 2. having a natural tendency; inclined 3. quick to learn or understand
apt ↔ extremely inappropriate, unlikely aptness ↔ unsuitability
aquarium [ekwɛ (:)əriəm] n. 수조, 수족관 aquarium : fish :: arboretum : tree
aquatic [əkwǽtik, əkwɑ t- / əkwɔ t-] a. 물의
aquatic : water :: aerial : air :: arboreal : tree :: sidereal : star
aqueous [éikwiəs, ǽk-| éik-] a. 물의 aqueous : water :: ferrous : iron 물의 : 물 :: 철의 : 철
aqueduct [ǽkwədʌ kt] n. 수로 : a conduit for water; one for carrying a large quantity of
flowing water aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas :: vessel : blood vessel 배; 용기, 그릇; 혈관, 도관
aquifer [ǽkwəfər, ɑ ːk-] n. 수층(지하수를 내장한 침투성 지층) mineshaft, shaft : lode :: well : aquifer (A는 B로 들어가는 통로) shaft [채광] 수갱 mineshaft; a vertical, sloping passageway made in the earth for finding
or mining ore and ventilating underground excavations lode 광맥; (비유적) 풍부한 원천/공급
arachnid [ərǽknid] n. 거미류 절지동물 (거미, 지네 등) spider : arachnid :: orange : fruit (A ∈ B)
arbiter [á:rbitər] n. 중재자, 조정인 1. one chosen or appointed to judge or decide a disputed
issue; an arbitrator 2. one who has the power to judge or ordain at will
arbiter : decide :: broker : negotiate (A는 B가 잘 되도록 돕는 사람) (consultant : examine 관계는 오답) initiative : entrepreneur :: impartiality : arbiter
arbor [á:rbə:r] n. 나무 그늘의 휴식 장소 arbor : shelter :: hedgerow : fence (A ∈ B, 혹은 A는 B의 기능을 함) hedgerow 생울타리
arboreal [ɑːrbɔ ːriəl] a. 나무의 arboreal : trees :: sidereal : stars :: aquatic : water
arboretum [ɑ ːrbəríːtəm] n. 수목원 arboretum : wilderness ::(B lack A) wilderness 황야, 황무지, 무인 지 arboretum : tree :: arboretum : trees ::
arcane [ɑːrkéin] a. 불가사의한 : known or understood by only a few
arcane ↔ well-known
archaic [ɑːrkéiik] a. 고 의; 고풍의, 낡은 : ANTIQUATED 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of a much earlier, often
more primitive period 2. no longer current or applicable; antiquated 3. of, relating to, or characteristic of words and language that
were once common but are now used chiefly to suggest an earlier style or period
archaic : currency :: irrelevant : pertinency :: evanescent : permanence :: meteoric : constancy (WITHOUT 혹은 OPPOSITE) evanescent ; vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor meteoric 유성의; 일시적인
archaic : current : evanescent : perpetual archaic ↔ current
archaism [ɑ ːrkiìzəm, -kei-] n. 고어, 고풍 : an archaic word, phrase, idiom, or other expression
archaism ↔ modern diction, neologism
archetype [ɑ ːrkitàip] 원형, 전형 PROTOTYPE 1. an original model or type after which other similar things
are patterned; a prototype 2. an ideal example of a type; quintessence
harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify (EQUAL, 명 : 동) harbinger 선구자; 전조, 조짐 one that indicates or foreshadows what
is to come; a forerunner
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presage 예감, 육감; 전조, 조짐; 예지, 선견
archipelago [ɑ ːrkəpéləgòu] n. 군도, 다도해 : a group of islands
archipelago : island :: range (산맥) : mountain :: chain : link :: school : fish
archipelago : islands :: grove : trees :: galaxy : stars :: bouquet : flowers grove 작은 숲; 과수원
oasis : desert :: archipelago : ocean :: glade : wood glade 숲 속의 빈터
architect [ɑ ːrkitèkt] n. 건축가 choreographer : movement :: architect : building (A compose B) (sculptor : statue 관계는 오답)
archive [ɑ ːrkaiv] n. 공문서 보관소 1. often archives a place or collection containing records,
documents, or other materials of historical interest 2. a repository for stored memories or information
archive : book :: museum : painting archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon arsenal [á:rsənəl] 무기고
archive : records :: museum : artifacts, paintings book : library :: file : archive
archness [ɑːrtʃnis] n. 주요함/교활함 archness ↔ straightness archness ↔ subordinate/obedience
arch [ɑ:rt∫] n. 아치, 만곡 a. 주요한, 주된; 장난기 있는 1. chief; principal 2. mischievous; roguish
roguish [róugiʃ] 깡패의, 건달의; 장난치는, 짓궂은 archness ↔ straightness archness ↔ subordinate, obedience
arctic [ɑ ːrktik] a. 몹시 추운, 북극의 : FRIGID : extremely cold
torrid ↔ arctic
ardent [á:rd:ənt] adj. 정열적인, 열심인; 맹렬한 1. expressing or characterized by warmth of feeling;
passionate 2. displaying or characterized by strong enthusiasm or
devotion; fervent 3. a. burning; fiery b. glowing; shining
ardent ↔ arctic, dispassionate, apathetic, indifferent arctic a. 쌀쌀한, 냉담한 ardent : zeal :: ascetic : self-denial :: glutton : overindulgence :: busybody : intrusiveness (A한 사람은 B한 성격을 가짐, 형:명)
ardor [ɑ ːrdər] n. 열정, 열의 : INTENSITY 1. fiery intensity of feeling 2. strong enthusiasm or devotion; zeal 3. intense heat or glow, as of fire
assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor :: alleviate : strength torpor ↔ ardor torpor 마비 상태, 무감각, 무관심
arduous [ɑ ːrdʒuəs / -dju-] a. 힘겨운, 부단히 노력하는 1. demanding great effort or labor; difficult 2. testing severely the powers of endurance; strenuous 3. hard to traverse, climb, or surmount
arduous ↔ facile, painless, undemanding facile [fǽsil] 경쾌한, 술술 움직이는; 손쉬운, 용이한
argot [ɑ ːrgout, -gət] n. 은어
argot ↔ standard language, common verbalism
aria [a:riə] n.영창, 아리아 opera : aria :: play : monologue
arid [ǽrid] a. 건조한 1. lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to
support trees or woody plants 2. lacking interest or feeling; lifeless and dull * aridness n.
marsh : sodden :: desert : arid marsh 습지, 늪지 sodden 흠뻑 젖은(soaked)
arid ↔ damp, marshy aridness ↔ humidness
armory [ɑ ːrməri] n. 병기고 : a place where arms and military equipment are stored
pantry : food :: armory : weapons pantry 찬장
arousal [əráuzəl] n. 각성, 환기 stimulation : arousal :: pathogen : diseasing (A make B) pathogen 병원균, 병원체
arouse [əráuz] 깨우다; 환기시키다, 유발하다 1. to awake from or as if from sleep 2. to stir up; excite
phlegmatic : arouse :: (A = B하기 힘든) quell, quash, quench ↔ arouse, foment, instigate, rouse, incite, stir up
arrest [ərést] v.t. (진행 등을) 저지하다; 체포하다 1. to stop; check 2. to seize and hold under the authority of law 3. to capture and hold briefly (the attention, for example);
engage arrest ↔ vitalize, stimulate, advance, forward, promote
arresting [əréstiŋ] a. 이목을 끄는 : STRIKING, IMPRESSIVE : attracting and holding the attention
blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting (A는 B하게 한다) blatant 뻔뻔스러운; 떠들썩한 odious 혐오할, 불쾌한 arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or
intense displeasure arresting ↔ banal
arrhythmic [əríðmik] a. 규칙적이 아닌 arrhythmic : regularity :: apathetic : concern arrhythmic ↔ exhibiting regularity, regular
arrogance [ǽrəgəns] n. 거만 : a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in an
overbearing manner or presumptuous claims arrogant a. 1. making or disposed to make claims to unwarranted
importance or consideration out of overbearing pride 2. marked by or arising from arrogance arrogance the state
or quality of being arrogant; overbearing pride mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance (OPPOSITE) prodigal 낭비하는, 방탕한; 범한, 아낌없이 주는 meek 참을성 있는, 온순한, 온화한; 굴종적인
confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory (명사 : 형용사) interrogatory 질문의; 의심스러워하는 asking a question; of the nature
of a question = interrogative intentional : accidental : arrogant : humble (OPPOSITE) arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir (A하면 B하기 어렵다) defer 미루다, 연기하다; 양보하다, 존중하다 lassitude 피곤, 나른함, 무관심 a state or feeling of weariness,
diminished energy, or listlessness
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frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant :: wary : paranoid (A << B)
arroyo [ərɔ iou] n. 작은 협곡 : a deep gully cut by an intermittent stream
grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel (A << B) grotto [grátou] 작은 동굴 a small cave or cavern
arsenal [ɑ ːrsənəl] n. 병기고 archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon
artery [ɑ :rtəri] n. 동맥; 간선 수로/도로 : a major route of transportation into which local routes
flow artery : plaque :: channel : silt (B = A의 흐름을 방해)
articulate [ɑːrtíkjəlit] a. 똑똑히 발음된 v.t. 명확히 말하다 a. 1. composed of distinct, meaningful syllables or words,
as human speech 2. expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language 3. characterized by the use of clear, expressive language v.t. 1. to pronounce distinctly and carefully; enunciate 2. to utter (a speech sound) by making the necessary
movements of the speech organs 3. to express in coherent verbal form; give words to 4. to fit together into a coherent whole; unify
articulate : talk :: graceful : move ratiocination : thinking :: articulation : talking ratiocinate [ræ∫iásənei/-tiɔ s-] 추론/추리하다 to reason methodically
and logically articulate : clearly :: shout : loudly articulate : speech :: graceful : movement articulate : unclear :: elaborate : sketchy
artifact [ɑ ːrtəfækt] n. 인공물, 가공품 1. an object produced or shaped by human craft, especially
a tool, a weapon, or an ornament of archaeological or historical interest
2. a typical product or result archive : records :: museum : artifacts
artifice [ɑ ːrtəfis] n. 책략, 기만 1. an artful or crafty expedient; a stratagem 2. subtle but base deception; trickery 3. cleverness or skill; ingenuity
artifice ↔ candor
artisan [ɑ ːrtəzən / ɑ ːrtizǽn, --] n. 장인 : a skilled manual worker; a craftsperson
artisan : potter :: entertainer : comedian (A ∋ B)
artless [ɑ ːrtlis] a. 꾸밈없는, 엉성한 1. having or displaying no guile, cunning, or deceit 2. free of artificiality; natural 3. lacking art, knowledge, or skill; uncultured and ignorant 4. poorly made or done; crude
artless : guile :: impartial : bias :: informal : ceremony blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless (OPPOSITE) blemish (명성 등을) 해치다, 더럽히다 impeccable 죄가 없는; 나무랄 데 없는 guile n. 엉큼한 꾀, 간사함
artlessness : guile :: dabbler : dedication artlessness : calculating :: (A lack B) artless ↔ cunning, sly, disingenuous, affected, guileful, sophisticated, duplicitous, urbane, calculating sly 교활한, 간교한; 음흉한 disingenuous 솔직하지 않은, 부정직한, 불성실한 not
straightforward or candid; crafty ingenuous 솔직한, 성실한; 순진한, 꾸밈없는 = artless guile; treacherous cunning; skillful deceit
artlessness ↔ duplicity, guile duplicity 표리부동, 불성실
artlessness ↔ urbanity, sophistication, affectation, sophism urbanity 도시풍; 세련된 태도 refinement and elegance of manner;
polished courtesy affectation 꾸미기, 가장; 허세 부림, 잘난 체하는 태도 sophism 1. a plausible but fallacious argument 2. deceptive or fallacious argumentation
ascend [əsénd] v. 올라가다, 상승하다; (지위 등이) 높아지다 v.i. 1. to go or move upward; rise 2. to slope upward v.t. 1. to move upward upon or along; climb 2. to succeed to; occupy * ascendency 우세, 우월, 지배력 Superiority or decisive
advantage; domination * ascendant = ascendent [əséndənt] n. 우세 : DOMINATION
a. 우세한 : a state or position of dominant power or importance
ascendant ↔ having no influence, having no power, declining ascendant ↔ nonentity nonentity 보잘 것 없는 사람/것; 상상의 것
ascend ↔ decline, go down ascendency ↔ lack of influence, nonentity
ascetic [əsétik] a. n. 금욕의, 금욕주의자 1. leading a life f self-discipline and self-denial, especially for
spiritual improvement 2. pertaining to or characteristic of an ascetic; self-denying
ascetic : self-denial :: glutton : overindulgence :: busybody : intrusiveness :: ardent : zeal glutton 식가, 폭식가; 열중하는 사람 busybody 참견쟁이 intrusive 끼어드는; 침입하는
ascetic : self-denial :: bodybuilding : self-development ascetic : luxury :: teetotaler : alcohol (A는 B를 하지 않는다) teetotaler one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages
ascetic ↔ sybarite, voluptuary, sumptuous, indulgent, hedonic sybarite 쾌락주의자 voluptuary [vəlʌ ptʃuèri] 주색에 빠진 사람, 방탕자 hedonism 쾌락주의 pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the
pleasures of the senses sumptuous 값진, 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운
ascetic ↔ hedonist (명사) asceticism ↔ indulgence
aseptic [əséptik, ei-] a. 무균의 aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs anesthetic n. 마취제 a. 마취의; 무감각한, 둔감한
aseptic ↔ contaminated
aside [əsáid] n. 방백; 혼잣말; 여담, 탈선 1. a piece of dialogue intended for the audience and
supposedly not heard by the other actors on stage 2. a remark made in an undertone so as to be inaudible to
others nearby 3. a parenthetical departure; a digression
aside : digression :: overture : introduction (CHARACTER) aside : digression :: summary : excerpt excerpt 발췌; 인용
ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent
askew [əskjúː] adv. 비스듬히, 비뚤어지게 a. 비스듬한 : AWRY : to one side
awry [ərái] 구부러져, 비스듬히; (예측이) 빗나간, 잘못된 put up a poster askew 포스터를 비스듬하게 붙이다
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askew ↔ aligned, straight, orderly
aspect [ǽspekt] n. 외관, 외형 : EXPOSURE : a position facing a particular direction
transfigure : aspect :: transfer : location (A = B를 바꿈) transfigure 외관을 바꾸다, 변모시키다; 거룩하게 하다 (transfix : attention 관계는 오답) transfix 찌르다, 꿰뚫다(pierce); (공포 등으로) 꼼짝 못하게 하다
asperity [æspérəti] n. 퉁명스러움, 모질게 함 : HARSHNESS 1. a. roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or
climate b. severity; rigor 2. roughness of manner or of temper; ill temper or
irritability asperity ↔ mildness of temper, amicability, amiability, mildness, soothingness
aspersion [əspə ːrʒən, -ʃən] n. 비방, 중상; (가톨릭) 성수례 1. a. an unfavorable or damaging remark; slander b. the act of defaming or slandering 2. a sprinkling, especially with holy water
aspersion : discredit :: canard : deceive (목적) canard 유언비어, 헛소문 deceive 속이다, 사기하다, 현혹시키다
aspersion : discredit :: sop : placate aspersion ↔ glowing tribute, flattery
aspiration [æspəréiʃən] n. 열망, 포부, 망; 염원, 소망; 흡기 1. expulsion of breath in speech 2. (linguistics) a. the pronunciation of a consonant with an aspirate b. a speech sound produced with an aspirate 3. the act of breathing in; inhalation 4. (medicine) the process of removing fluids or gases from
the body with a suction device 5. a. a strong desire for high achievement b. an object of such desire; an ambition
aspire v. 갈망하다; 치솟다 1. to have a great ambition or ultimate goal; desire strongly 2. to strive toward an end 3. to soar 날아오르다, 활공하다; (희망 등이) 솟구치다
audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE) audacious 담한, 호기로운; 안하무인의; 기운찬, 활기찬 trepidation 전율, 공포, 놀람; 당황, 혼란 laconic 간결한; 무뚝뚝한 using or marked by the use of few words;
terse or concise aspirant : quarry :: hunter : prey (A = B하는 사람) quarry 채석하다; 고생하며 찾다, 뒤지다
assail [əséil] v. 습격/공격하다; (질문 등으로) 괴롭히다; (일 등을) 착수하다
1. to attack with or as if with violent blows; assault 2. to attack verbally, as with ridicule or censure 3. to trouble; beset
assail ↔ champion, endorse, extol, vindicate endorse 시인/승인하다, 지지하다, 격찬하다; 배서하다 vindicate 비난을 풀다; 옹호하다, 지지하다
assay [əséi] n. 시금(試金), 분석 v. 분석 시험(시금)하다 1. a. qualitative or quantitative analysis of a substance,
especially of an ore or drug, to determine its components
b. a substance to be so analyzed c. the result of such an analysis 2. an analysis or examination
assay : objective :: (CHARACTER)
assert [əsə ːrt] v.t. 단언하다, 주장하다 : to state or express positively
calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony (OPPOSITE) calumny 비방, 중상 perjury 위증; 거짓, 허위
assert : belabor :: tend : fuss (A << B) 주장하다 : 장황하게 논의하다 :: 주의하다, 신경쓰다 : 안달하다, 야
단법석하다
assertive [əsə ːrtiv] a. 단정적인, 독단적인 : disposed to or characterized by bold or confident assertion;
aggressively self-assured obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive (B하면 A하다, A에는 B의 특성이 있다) obsequious 아부하는, 추종하는 full of or exhibiting servile compliance belligerent 호전적인, 싸우기 좋아하는 assertive ; inclined to bold or confident assertion; aggressively self-
assured bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful (A >> B) bumptious 거만한, 오만한(arrogant); 주제넘게 참견하는 crudely or
loudly assertive; pushy garish 지나치게 화려한
unassertive ↔ brassy brassy 놋쇠로 만든, 놋쇠 빛깔의; 귀에 거슬리는, 시끄러운; 뻔뻔스
러운, 철면피의; 저속한
assess [əsés] v. 평가하다 1. to estimate the value of (property) for taxation 2. to set or determine the amount of (a payment, such as a
tax or fine) 3. to charge (a person or property) with a special payment,
such as a tax or fine 4. to determine the value, significance, or extent of; appraise
assess : value :: plumb : depth
asset [ǽset] n. 자산 asset ↔ liability liability 부채, 채무(debts)
assiduous [əsídʒuəs] a. 꾸준한; 근면한, 부지런한 1. constant in application or attention; diligent 2. unceasing; persistent
assiduous : diligent :: bootless : futile (CHARACTER) assiduous : sluggish :: (OPPOSITE) rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity (OPPOSITE) rakish 방탕한, 난봉 부리는 slothful 나태한, 게으른 disinclined to work or exertion; lazy
assiduous ↔ indolent, desultory, slipshod, remiss, careless indolent 게으른, 나태한 desultory 종잡을 수 없는, 막연한 slipshod 단정치 못한, 되는 로의 remiss 태만한, 성의 없는, 덜렁 는
assistance [əsíst:əns] n. 원조, 도움, 보조 1. the act of assisting 2. aid; help
assistance ↔ interference
assuage [əswéidʒ] v.t. 완화(진정)시키다, 만족시키다 : APPEASE, EASE
1. to make (something burdensome or painful) less intense or severe
2. to satisfy or appease (hunger or thirst, for example) 3. to pacify or calm
assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor assuage ↔ intensify, inflame, exacerbate, vex, incite, aggravate, chafe, irritate
inflame 타오르게 하다, 자극하다, 흥분시키다 chafe 비벼서 따뜻하게 하다, 닳게 하다; 괴롭히다, 화나게 하다
gall ↔ calm, assuage gall 담즙; 쓸개; 쓰라림, 고통; 증오, 원한
assume [əsjúːm] v.t.
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1. to take upon oneself 책임지다 2. to undertake the duties of (an office) (지위를) 맡다 3. to affect the appearance or possession of; feign ...인 체하
다 4. to take for granted; suppose 가정하다
assume ↔ refuse, reject, abdicate, doubt, repudiate unassuming ↔ overbearing overbearing 거만한, 뽐내는
usurp ↔ assume rightfully usurp 폭력으로 입수하다, 강탈하다; 불법으로 사용하다
astounding [əstáundiŋ] a. 몹시 놀라는 astound 놀라게 하다 to astonish and bewilder
indelible : forget :: astounding : expect (A = B할 수 없는) indelible 지울 수 없는, 씻어버릴 수 없는; 자국을 남기는
astound : wonder :: appall : horror (A >> B, A = B 두 가지 설) appall 놀라게 하다, 오싹하게 하다 to fill with consternation or
dismay
astringent [əstríndʒənt] 수축시키는; 엄격한 : sharp and penetrating; pungent or severe
astringent :: pucker :: coagulant : congeal pucker 주름을 잡다, 오그리다 to gather into small wrinkles or folds coagulant 응고제 congeal 1. to solidify by or as if by freezing 2. to coagulate; jell
astringent : contraction :: anesthetic : insensibility astringent :: pucker :: spark : ignite
astrology [əstrálədʒi] n. 점성술 astrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistry
astute [əstjúːt] a. 통찰력 있는, 빈틈없는 : having or showing shrewdness and discernment,
especially with respect to one's own concerns astute ↔ fatuous fatuous 어리석은, 어수룩한; 비현실적인
asunder [əsʌ ndər] adj. adv. 뿔뿔이, 산산이 떨어진 1. into separate parts or pieces 2. apart from each other either in position or in direction
asunder ↔ yoked, in a piece, united, conjoined, combined yoke 멍에; 거멀못, 꺾쇠(cramp); 속박, 지배 conjoined 결합된
asymmetrical [èisimétrikəl, æ s-] a. 비 칭의 circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (A lack B) protean [próutiən] 변화무쌍한 readily taking on varied shapes, forms,
or meanings
asylum [əsáiləm] n. 보호시설; 피난처, 도피처 : SANCTUARY asylum : extradition :: (filibuster : delay 관계는 오답) filibuster 의사 진행 방해 extradition (타국으로부터의 도주범 등의) 본국 송환
refugee : asylum :: (사람 : 장소)
atone [ətóun] v. (죄 값으로) 보상하다, 속죄하다 : EXPIATE : to make amends, as for a sin or fault
guilt : expiation, atonement :: fatigue : repose expiate to make amends or reparation for; atone repose 휴식, 휴양; 고요함, 평온; 침착, 평정
atrocious [ətróuʃəs] a. 극악한 : BARBARIC 1. extremely evil or cruel; monstrous 2. exceptionally bad; abominable
atrocious : bad :: momentous : important (A >> B) momentous of utmost importance; of outstanding significance or
consequence
atrophy [ǽtrəfi] n. 소모증, 위축; 퇴화, 쇠퇴 1. (pathology) a wasting or decrease in size of a bodily organ,
tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use 2. a wasting away, deterioration, or diminution
attentive [əténtiv] a. 주의 깊은; 친절한 1. giving care or attention; watchful 2. marked by or offering devoted and assiduous attention to
the pleasure or comfort of others 3. expressing affectionate interest through close observation
and gallant gestures inattentive adj. 부주의한
inattentive : enthusiasm :: attentive : fussy :: talkative : garrulous (A << B) fussy (하찮은 일에) 안달복달하는, 야단법석하는
attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish (A << B) officious 참견 잘하는, 주제넘게 나서는
attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous (A << B) meddle 쓸데없이 참견하다, 간섭하다; 만지작거리다
fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful (A >> B)
attenuate [əténjuèit] v. 약하게 하다, 가늘게 하다, 감소하다 a. 가늘어진, 묽어진, 약해진 1. to make slender, fine, or small 2. to reduce in force, value, amount, or degree; weaken 3. to lessen the density of; rarefy
attenuate : force :: decelerate : speed attenuate : density :: blunt : sharpness blunt v. 무디게 하다
attenuate : strength, length, thickness :: decelerate : speed :: enervate : vitality :: cool : temperature :: weaken : potence (B는 A의 대상, A는 B의 속성을 저하시킴)
(compact : extent는 오답) enervate; to weaken or destroy the strength or vitality of potence, potency 권력, 세력; 효능, 유효성; 가능성, 잠재적 능력
attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength :: collapse : volume debilitate 쇠약하게 하다 = enervate
attenuate : force :: debase : value :: retrench : money debase (품질, 가치 등을) 떨어뜨리다, 낮추다 to lower in character,
quality, or value; degrade retrench 줄이다, 삭감하다; 제거하다 to cut down, reduce; to remove,
delete, or omit attenuate : thickness :: attenuate : force :: simplify : complexity attenuate ↔ intensify, strengthen attenuate ↔ expand, fortify, increase attenuated ↔ dense
attorney [ətə ːrni] n. 변호사, 리인 : a legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in
legal proceedings attorney : disbar :: student : expel attorney : defendant :: (EQUAL)
attrition n. 마찰, 마모; 감소, 축소; 회개 1. a rubbing away or wearing down by friction 2. a gradual diminution in number or strength because of
constant stress 3. a gradual, natural reduction in membership or personnel,
as through retirement, resignation, or death 4. (theology) repentance for sin motivated by fear of
punishment rather than by love of God unrepentant ↔ attritional
attribute [ǽtribjùːt] /[ətríbjuːt] n. 속성/특성 , v. ~탓으로 여기다 : impute, ascribe, accuse : a legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in
legal
auction [ɔ ːkʃən] n. 경매 auctioneer : gavel :: referee : whistle :: judge : gavel :: surgeon : scapel
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(B는 A가 쓰는 도구)
audacious [ɔːdéiʃəs] a. 담한, 뻔뻔스러운, 조심성 없는 : ADVENTUROUS
1. fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold 2. unrestrained by convention or propriety; insolent 3. spirited and original 기운찬, 활기찬
audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE, 형 : 명) audacious : cautious :: audacious : careful :: abandon : inhibiting circumspect ↔ audacious, reckless, directly encountering, indescreet audacious ↔ timid, craven, timorous, pusillanimous (meticulous (작은 일에 신경을 쓰는) 는 오답)
audaciousness, audacity ↔ trepidation
audible [ɔ ːdəbl] a. 들리는 audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious, manifest (A << B) audible : stentorian :: discerned : obvious (A << B) stentorian 매우 큰 extremely loud
audition [ :dí∫ən] n. 듣기, 청각; 채용 심사, 오디션 interview : applicant :: audition : actor
augment [ɔːgmént] v. 증 하다 : to make (something already developed or well under way)
greater, as in size, extent, or quantity * augmentation n.
augmentation : abatement :: (OPPOSITE) augment ↔ retrench, abate retrench 삭감하다, 제거하다 to cut down, reduce; to remove, delete,
or omit abate 줄이다, 빼다
augmentation ↔ abatement, diminution, reduction abatement 감소, 감퇴, 경감 diminution a. the act or process of diminishing; a lessening or reduction b. the resulting reduction; decrease
augur [ɔ ːgər] n, v. 예언자, 점치다 : one held to foretell events by omens
intercessor : mediate :: augur : predict :: translator : interpret intercessor 중재자, 조정자 intercession 중재, 알선; 탄원, 주선
augur : predict :: pundit : opine pundit 학자 a source of opinion; a learned person opine 의견을 말하다, 생각하다 to hold or state as an opinion
worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury (A를 위해 B를 사용한다) maven : experience :: luminary : eminence :: pundit : opine (A = B를 가지고 있는 것) maven 박식한 사람 a person who has special knowledge or
experience; an expert luminary 발광체; 선각자
maven : experience :: augur : prediction
auspicious [ɔːspíʃəs] a. 길조의 : PROPITIOUS 1. attended by favorable circumstances; propitious 2. marked by success; prosperous
auspicious ↔ boding ill, untoward, ominous, unfavorable, ill-omened, unpropitious boding 불길한 전조/예감 an omen or foreboding, especially of evil
foreboding a sense of impending evil; an evil omen omen 전조, 조짐, 예시 → 길흉에 관계없음 ominous 불온한; 전조의, 전조가 되는 → 주로 흉조와 관계됨
inauspicious ↔ favorable
austere [ɔːstíər] a. 간소한, 엄격한 1. severe or stern in disposition or appearance; somber and
grave 2. strict or severe in discipline; ascetic 3. having no adornment or ornamentation; bare
abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate (OPPOSITE) embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure (OPPOSITE) laconic : speech :: austere : design timeworn : novelty :: convoluted : simplicity baroque, lavish ↔ austere baroque 바로크 양식의; 지나치게 장식적인; 기괴한
authentic [ɔ:θéntik] a. 믿을 만한, 근거가 있는; 진짜의 : REAL, ACTUAL
1. conforming to fact and therefore worthy of trust, reliance, or belief
2. having a claimed and verifiable origin or authorship; not counterfeit or copied
authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical (OPPOSITE) hypocrisy 위선, 가장
discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic (OPPOSITE) discompose 뒤숭숭하게 하다, 혼란시키다 fabricate 제작하다, 조립하다; 꾸며내다, 조작하다
genuine : authenticity :: entire : integrity melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity (LACK) subtle so slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive chimera (神話) 키메라; 망상
authentic ↔ bogus bogus 모조의, 가짜의
authenticity ↔ spuriousness spurious 가짜의 lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not
genuine; false semblance ↔ authentic article semblance 외관, 외향; 비슷한 것, 닮은 것; 소량
authenticity [ɔ ːθentísəti] n. 확실성/진짜임 : real, actual : the quality or condition of being authentic, trustworthy, or
genuine authentic ↔ bogus spuriousness ↔ authenticity semblance ↔ authentic article
authority [əθɔ ːriti, əθɑ r- / əθɔ r-] n. 권위(자) authoritative : acceptance :: conspicuous : attention authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans (B have A) authority : superiority :: heretic : unconformity (A have B) heretic [héritik] 이단자, 이교도
contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious 고집 센, 반항적인, 따르지 않는 obstinately disobedient
or rebellious; insubordinate hidebound 편협한, 보수적인 stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-minded, or
inflexible novelty 신기함, 참신함; 혁신 (innovation)
author : novel :: chef : banquet banquet 연회, 진수성찬
recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change recalcitrant (권력 등에) 저항하는, 다루기 어려운(unmanageable) =
refractory impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization (A = 거짓 B를 가진 사람) usurp (폭력으로) 인수하다; 강탈하다; 횡령하다
autocracy [ɔːtɑ krəsi / -tɔ k-] n. 독재정권, 독재국가 : government by a single person having unlimited power
pundit : learning, knowledge :: autocracy : power
autonomy [ɔːtɑ nəmi / ɔːtɔ n-] n. 자율 : the condition or quality of being autonomous; independence
autonomy ↔ dependence, external control/rule
avarice [ǽvəris] n. 탐욕 : GREEDINESS, CUPIDITY : excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gain * avaricious 욕심 많은, 탐욕한
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avarice : money :: gluttony : food stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy (A = B 시킬 수 없는) stoic; one who is seemingly indifferent to or unaffected by joy, grief,
pleasure, or pain avarice ↔ generosity avarice ↔ content avaricious ↔ contented avaricious : covet :: (A한 사람은 B한다, 형 : 동)
aver [əvə ːr] v. 단언하다, 주장하다 : to affirm positively; declare
aver ↔ deny, gainsay gainsay 부정하다; 반 하다
aversion [əvə ːrʒən / -ʃən] n. 혐오 1. a fixed, intense dislike; repugnance 2. one that is intensely disliked and avoided 3. a feeling of extreme repugnance accompanied by
avoidance or rejection aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration (A >> B) adulation excessive flattery or admiration
aversion : inclination :: (OPPOSITE) aversion ↔ affinity, penchant, propensity, proclivity, craving, inclination penchant 기호, 경향; 취미, 애호 a definite liking; a strong
inclination propensity 경향, 성향, 성벽 an innate inclination; a tendency proclivity 성향, 성벽, 경향 a natural propensity or inclination;
predisposition craving 갈망, 열망 a consuming desire; a yearning
averse ↔ inclined averse; having a feeling of opposition, distaste, or aversion; strongly
disinclined
aviary [éivièri] n. 새장 aviary : bird :: aquarium : fish :: arboretum : tree
avid [ǽvid] a. 열정적인, 몹시 탐내는 1. having an ardent desire or unbounded craving; greedy 2. marked by keen interest and enthusiasm
reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm (A >> B) reverence 존경
avid ↔ diffident, indifferent diffident 1. lacking or marked by a lack of self-confidence; shy and timid 2. reserved in manner
avulsion [əvʌ lʃən] n. 잡아 찢기 : a tearing away of a body part accidentally or surgically 1. (medicine) the forcible tearing away of a body part by
trauma or surgery 2. the sudden movement of soil from one property to
another as a result of a flood or a shift in the course of a boundary stream
avulsion ↔ suture, link suture [sú:tʃər] (상처 등의) 봉합; 솔기, 꿰매기
awash [əwɔ ːʃ, əwɑ ʃ / əwɔ ʃ] a. 물에 잠긴 : FLOODED : filled, covered, or completely overrun as if by a flood
awash ↔ dry
awe [ɔː] n. 경외 : a mixed emotion of reverence, respect, dread, and wonder
inspired by authority, genius, great beauty, sublimity, or might
sublime 장 한, 숭고한; 퇴고의, 빼어난; 경이로운 redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard (A = B를 가져오는) redoubtable 가공할; 존경할만한 arousing fear or awe
awe ↔ irreverence irreverence 불경, 불손
awkward [ɔ ːkwərd] a. 서투른, 꼴사나운 craven : admirable :: deft : awkward (OPPOSITE) craven 비겁한, 심약한 characterized by abject fear; cowardly
dexterous, lithe ↔ awkward lithe [laið] 유연한, 구부러지기 쉬운
svelte ↔ paunchy and awkward svelte 날씬한, 유연한; 온화한, 품위 있는 slender or graceful in figure
or outline; slim paunchy [pɔ :nt∫i] 올챙이배의 having a potbelly
deft ↔ awkward deft 솜씨 좋은 quick and skillful; adroit
awl [ɔːl] n. 송곳 awl : pierce :: pestle : hash pestle 막자, 절굿공이
awning [ɔ ːniŋ] n. 차일 awning : sun :: umbrella : rain (PROTECT)
awry [ərái] a. 비스듬한, 뒤틀린 : ASKEW 1. in a position that is turned or twisted toward one side;
askew 2. away from the correct course
awry ↔ aligned, orderly, planned, straight
axiomatic [æ ksiəmǽtik] a. 자명한 : SELF-EVIDENT : taken for granted
axiomatic ↔ controversial
B babble [bǽbəl] v.t. 쓸데없는 잡담을 하다
: to utter meaningless or unintelligible sounds babble : sense :: parrot : originality (LACK) parrot 앵무새; 뜻도 모르고 흉내 내다 to repeat or imitate especially
without understanding babble : talk :: scribble : write babble, waffle ↔ express succinctly waffle 잡담하다, 잡담으로 시간을 낭비하다, 둘러 다
backdrop [bǽkdrɑ p / bǽkdrɔ p] n. 배경 막 : a painted cloth hung across the rear of a stage
placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista vista 전망, 조망; 회상
backhanded [bǽkhǽndid] a. 기울어진, 우회적인 : DEVIOUS : not straightforward
backhanded ↔ forthright
backset [bǽksèt] n. 곤두박질, 역행 : SETBACK 1. a setback or reversal 2. an eddy or countercurrent in water
eddy 소용돌이; 반주류 backset ↔ hike hike 하이킹; 인상 an often abrupt increase or rise
bacteria [bæktíəriə] n. 박테리아 bacteria : decomposition :: yeast : fermentation bacterium : colony :: citizen : nation (B is a set of A) host : parasite :: medium : bacterium
badge [bædʒ] n. 휘장; 상징, 증표 : a device or token especially of membership in a society or
group
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chevron : badge :: caisson : cart (A ∈ B) chevron (하사관 등의) 갈매기형 수장 caisson [kéisan] (수중 공사용) 상자; 격리실; 탄약 상자; 무기 운반
수레 cart 2륜 짐마차; 손수레
badger [bǽdʒər] v.t. 끈질기게 괴롭히다 : to harass or annoy persistently
badger : bother :: belabor : mention (A는 B를 길게 끈질기게 하는 것) belabor 오래도록 계속하다, 길게 늘어놓다; 욕하다, 조롱하다
badger : bother :: importune : request badger ↔ mollify
badinage [bæ dinɑ ːʒ, bǽdinidʒ] n. 가벼운 농담 : BANTER : light, playful banter
playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole (CHARACTER) hyperbole 과장(법) a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used
for emphasis or effect badinage ↔ clear reference, serious discourse, sincere conversation
baffle [bǽfəl] v. 당황하게 하다; 좌절시키다, 방해하다 1. to frustrate or check (a person) as by confusing or
perplexing 2. to impede the force or movement of
baffle : confusion :: bewitch : temptation baffle ↔ encourage
bait [beit] v.t. 놀려 괴롭히다, 유인하다 : ENTICE, LURE 1. to place a lure in (a trap) or on (a fishing hook) 2. to entice, especially by trickery or strategy 4. to attack or torment, especially with persistent insults,
criticism, or ridicule 5. to tease
bait ↔ disarm, mollify disarm 무장을 해제하다; 적개심, 공포 등을 제거하다, 마음을 누그
러지게 하다
balance [bǽləns] n, v. 저울, 무게를 정하다 : to determine the weight of (something) in or as if in a
weighing device abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh balance : weight :: verify : accuracy (A = B를 결정하다)
bale [beil] n. 재앙; 고통, 불행 1. evil 2. mental suffering; anguish
bale ↔ happiness, success, good fortune bale ↔ benefit, mirth mirth 환희, 유쾌, 웃음 gladness and gaiety, especially when
expressed by laughter
baleful [béilfəl] a. 해로운 : deadly or pernicious in influence pernicious a. tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly b. causing great harm; destructive
baleful : menace :: solicitous : concern (EQUAL) baleful ↔ beneficent
balk [bɔːk] v. 망설이다, 방해하다 n. 방해, 장애(물) 1. to stop short and refuse to go on 2. to refuse obstinately or abruptly
balk ↔ move ahead willingly
balky [bɔ ːki] a. (나귀처럼) 고집 센 1. given to stopping and refusing to go on 2. difficult to operate or start
balky ↔ acquiescent, eager, tractable, accommodating, compliant, cooperative, agreeable, complaisant, pliable, obedient acquiesce 묵인하다; (소극적으로) 동의하다 to consent or comply
passively or without protest accommodating 다루기 쉬운, 융통성이 있는, 친절한 complaisant 친절한, 상냥한, 온순한
ballad [bǽləd] n. (발라드 형식의) 시, 소박한 노래 ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter :: prose : paragraph :: symphony : movement (A ∋ B) stanza 詩의 연(聯)
ballad : song :: lyric : poem :: comedian : actor(A ∈ B)
ballast [bǽləst] n. 안정시키는 것 : something that gives stability (as in character or conduct)
ballast : balance :: (PURPOSE) truss, girder : support :: ballast : stability truss 받침 girder 들보; 도리
ballast : instability :: purchase : slippage (A prevent B) purchase n. a grip applied manually or mechanically to move
something or prevent it from slipping ballast : stability :: camouflage : disguise ballast : stabilize :: camouflage : disguise disguise n. 변장 v. 변장하다
ballet [bǽlei, bæléi] n. 발레, 무용극 instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet (A play B) singer : opera :: dancer : ballet
balloon [bəlú:n.] v. 기구를 타다; 부풀다, 급증하다 1. to ascend or ride in a balloon 2. to expand or swell out like a balloon 3. to increase or rise quickly
balloon ↔ decrease slowly
ballot [bǽlət] n. 투표용지; 투표; 후보자 명부 : a list of candidates running for office
ballot : candidates ::
balm [bɑːm] n. 향유, 방향; 진통제, 진정제; 위안 antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation (A prevent B) balm ↔ harmful substance, irritant, noxious substance, piquancy noxious 몸에 해로운, 유독한; 불건전한 piquant 짜릿한, 얼얼한; 쏘는 듯한
balm : soothing :: (A는 B하기 위한 것)
balmy [bɑ ːmi] a. 온화한 1. having the quality or fragrance of balm; soothing 2. mild and pleasant
balmy ↔ inclement, piquant, irritant inclement 혹독한, 엄동의; 냉혹한 piquant (맛이) 짜릿한, 얼얼한; 쏘는 듯한, 통쾌한
bamboozle [bæmbúːzəl] v. 속여먹다 : DUPE, HOODWINK : (informal) to take in by elaborate methods of deceit;
hoodwink hoodwink 눈을 속이다(blindfold); 현혹시키다 to take in by deceptive
means; deceive
ban [bæn] n. 금지 : to prohibit, especially by official decree
banal [bənǽl, bəbɑ ːl, béinl] a. 진부한, 평범한 : TRITE : lacking originality, freshness, or novelty
equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal (CHARACTER, 명사 : 형용사)
banal ↔ fresh, new, original, arresting, novel, ingenious, noteworthy banality ↔ freshness, ingeniousness, ingenuity, originality, original expression, singularity
trite ↔ unbanal trite 낡아 빠진, 흔한, 진부한 lacking power to evoke interest through
overuse or repetition
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bane [bein] n. 파멸시키는 사람/것; 맹독 1. fatal injury or ruin 2. a cause of death, destruction, or ruin 3. a deadly poison
bane ↔ benefit, blessing
baneful [béinfəl] a. 치명적인 : SERIOUSLY HARMFUL : causing death, destruction, or ruin; harmful
baneful ↔ beneficent, benevolent, salubrious, salutary salubrious 건강에 좋은 conducive or favorable to health or well-
being salutary 건강에 좋은; 유익한
banish [bǽniʃ] v.t. 추방하다 1. to force to leave a country or place by official decree;
exile 2. to drive away; expel
evict : residence :: banish : country evict (법적 절차에 의해) 퇴거시키다, 쫓아버리다
banister [bǽnəstər] n. 계단의 난간 staircase : banister :: road : guardrail
bankruptcy [bǽŋkrʌp:tsi] n. 파산, 도산; (명성 등의) 실추 bankruptcy : solvent :: eclipse : famous eclipse (지위, 명성 등의) 실추, (권세 등의) 쇠퇴
bankruptcy ↔ solvency solvency 지급 능력
banquet [bǽŋkwit] n. 진수성찬 1. en elaborate, sumptuous repast 2. a ceremonial dinner honoring a particular guest or
occasion sumptuous 값진, 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운 of a size or
splendor suggesting great expense; lavish repast (1회의) 식사량; 식사(meal) a meal or the food eaten or
provided at a meal writer, author : novel :: chef : banquet word : sentence :: course : banquet
banter [bǽntər] 가벼운 농담, 놀림 : good-humored, playful conversation
playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole
barb [bɑːrb] n. 가시, 신랄한 말 a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment
barb : caustic :: pan : harsh (CHARACTER, 명 : 형) pan 냄비; 혹평 on the pan 혹평을 받아
ad-lib : impromptu :: barb : caustic barb ↔ complimentary remark
barbaric [baə:rbǽrik] adj. 미개의, 원시의; 거친, 조잡한 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of barbarians 2. marked by crudeness or lack of restraint in taste, style,
or manner barbaric ↔ sophisticated
barbarous [bɑ ːr bərəs] a. 교양 없는, 잔혹한, 야만스러운 lacking culture or refinement
1. primitive in culture and customs; uncivilized 2. lacking refinement or culture; coarse 3. characterized by savagery; very cruel 4. marked by the use or occurrence of barbarisms in spoken
or written language barbarous ↔ civilized, sophisticated barbarize ↔ civilize
barefaced [bɛ ərfèist] a. 맨 얼굴의, 수염이 없는; 공명정 한, 뻔뻔스러운 : OPEN, UNCONCEALED
1. a. having no covering over the face
b. having no beard 2. without disguise; unconcealed 공명정 한 3. undisguisedly bold; brazen 뻔뻔스러운
headlong : forethought :: barefaced : shame (A lack B) headlong 머리부터, 거꾸로; 꾸물 지 않고, 저돌적으로
barefaced, aboveboard ↔ surreptitious surreptitious 몰래하는, 비 리의; 부정한
bargain [bɑ ːrgən] v. 흥정하다 : HAGGLE haggle (거래에서) 값을 깎다; 끈질기게 논쟁하다 1. to bargain, as over the price of something 2. to argue in an attempt to come to terms
debate : issue :: bargain : price
baroque [bəróuk] a. 바로크 풍의; 지나치게 화려한, 장식적인 : characterized by grotesqueness, extravagance, complexity,
or flamboyance in ornamentation baroque ↔ austere
barrage [bərá:d3] n. 탄막, 일제 사격; 연발 1. a. a heavy curtain of artillery fire directed in front of
friendly troops to screen and protect them b. a rapid, concentrated discharge of missiles, as from small
arm 2. an overwhelming, concentrated outpouring, as of words
barrage : explosives :: deluge : rain
barrack(s) n. 막사 v. 막사에 수용하다 1. a building or group of buildings used to house military
personnel 2. often barracks. A large, unadorned building used for
temporary occupancy barracks : soldier :: monastery : monk
barrel [bǽrəl] v. 고속으로 달리다, 차를 쏜살같이 몰다 barrel ↔ plod
barren [bǽrən] a. 불모의, 황폐한 barren ↔ prolific, fecund prolific 다산의, 다작의; 풍부한
barricade [bǽrəkèid] n. 방책, 바리케이드; 장애물, 방해물 1. a structure set up across a route of access to obstruct the
passage of an enemy 2. something that serves as an obstacle; a barrier
barricade ↔ permit passage
barter [bɑ ːrtər] v. n. 물물교환(하다) correspond : letters :: barter : commodities (B는 A하는 대상) correspondence : letters :: barter : commodities : conversation : language
jog : exercise :: barter : trade (A ∈ B)
base [beis] a. 천한, 비열한 base ↔ virtuous, noble, patrician, sublime virtuous 덕 있는, 고결한 having or showing virtue, especially moral
excellence patrician 높은 신분의, 귀족적인; 귀족 sublime [səbláim] 숭고한, 외경할; 기품 있는, 고상한
baseboard [béisbɔ ːrd] n. 굽도리 널 : a molding that conceals the joint between an interior wall
and a floor veneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall veneer 화장판, 표면 마무리; 겉치레, 허식
baseness [béisnis] n. the quality or state of being contemptible, mean-spirited, or selfish
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respect : baseness :: trust : infidelity, perfidiousness (OPPOSITE) baseness ↔ respect
bask [bæsk, bɑːsk] v. 즐거움/행복한 처지에 있다 : INDULGE 1. to expose oneself to pleasant warmth 2. to take great pleasure or satisfaction
bask ↔ abstain
batch [bæt∫] n. 한 묶음/다발; 일단; (제품, 공사 재료의) 1회분; 한 번에 구운 빵
1. an amount produced at one baking 2. the quantity produced as the result of one operation 3. the quantity needed for one operation 4. a group of persons or things
batch : cookie :: compound : element (“a batch of cookies” 를 연상, element 구성 원자, compound 화합물)
bathe [beið] v. ~을 목욕시키다, ~에 적시다, 담그다 bathe : water :: cover : coat
bathetic [bəθétik] a. 진부한, 평범한 : TRITENESS offbeat ↔ bathetic, hackneyed, trite, commonplace offbeat (음악) 약한 박자; 색다른 not conforming to an ordinary
type or pattern; unconventional
bathos [béiθas] n. 점강법; 진부함, 평범 1. a. an abrupt, unintended transition in style from the
exalted to the commonplace, producing a ludicrous effect
b. an anticlimax 2. a. insincere or grossly sentimental pathos b. banality; triteness
bauble [bɔ ːbəl] n. 싸구려, 장난감 : trivial, trifle, trinket, tawdry
bauble ↔ valuable thing
bawdy [bɔ :di] adj. 외설적인, 음탕한 : a bawdy story or joke contains humorous references to
sex bawdy ↔ decorous decorous 품위 있는, 예의 바른, 단정한 characterized by or
exhibiting decorum; proper
beacon [bíːkən] n. 등 , 봉화 siren : sound :: beacon : light siren : heard :: beacon : seen (속성) castle : turret :: sea : beacon
beatific [bìːətífik] adj. 축복의 beatific ↔ dreadful
beatitude [biːǽtətjùːd] n. 최상의 행복 : supreme blessedness or happiness
beatitude ↔ misery [mízәri]
bedeck [bidék] v.t. 장식하다 : DECK : to adorn or ornament in a showy fashion
bedeck ↔ strip bedecked ↔ unadorned
bedlam [bédləm] n. 아수라장 : a place or situation of noisy uproar and confusion
tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive (B = A한 장소) tumultuous [tjumʌ ltʃuəs] 떠들썩한, 소란스런, 동요한; 몹시 흥분한,
갈팡질팡하는 hive 벌통; 활발한 장소 a place swarming with activity
tumult, bedlam, riot ↔ serenity, stillness serene 조용한, 잠잠한, 침착한
befitting [bifítiŋ] a. 알맞은, 어울리는, 적합한, 적당한
befitting ↔ inappropriate
befriend [bifrénd] ~을 돌봐주다 ~을 돕다 befriend ↔ neglect
befuddle [bifʌ dl] v.t. 만취시키다; 현혹시키다; PERPLEX 1. to confuse; perplex 2. to stupefy with or as if with alcoholic drink
befuddlement : understanding ::
begin 1. to take the first step in performing an action; start 2. to come into being 3. to do or accomplish in the least degree
begin ↔ conclude
begrudge [bigrʌ dʒ] v. 주기 꺼리다 begrudge ↔ grant
beguile [bigáil] v.t. (남을) 속이다, 기만하다, 속여서 (~을) 빼앗다; (남을) (~으로) 즐겁게 하다, 매혹하다 to amuse or charm; delight; to pass (time) pleasantly
beguile ↔ disenchant, repel, disgust
beguiling ↔ honest, straightforward, repulsive
belabor [biléibər] v.t. 논쟁을 오래도록 하다 1. to attack with blows; hit, beat, or whip 2. to assail verbally 3. to discuss repeatedly or at length; harp on
badger : bother :: belabor : mention (A >> B) assert : belabor :: tend : fuss (A << B) 주장하다 : 장황하게 논의하다 :: 주의하다, 신경쓰다 : 안달하다, 야단법석하다
beleaguer [bilíːgər] v.t. 괴롭히다 : TROUBLE, HARASS 1. to harass; beset 2. to surround with troops; besiege
beleaguer : vexation :: (EQUAL, 동 : 명) beleaguer ↔ delight, mollify, soothe, gratify
belie [bilái] v. 거짓임을 나타내다, ~을 잘못 전하다, ~을 속이다, 숨기다
1. to picture falsely; misrepresent 2. to show to be false 3. to be counter to; contradict
belie ↔ affirm, aver, confirm, represent faithfully, speak/state faithfully, attest, prove, be honest
belie ↔ show to be true/correct, represent accurately
belittle [bilítl] v.t. 과소평가하다 : DISPARAGE 1. to represent or speak of as contemptibly small or
unimportant; disparage 2. to cause to seem less than another or little
belletristic [bèllitrístik] n. 순수 문학
bellicose [bélikòus] a. 호전적인 : warlike in manner or temperament; pugnacious
imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable imperious 오만한, 고압적인; 긴급한
bellicose ↔ peaceful, appeasing, inclined to make peace, conciliatory, pacifist(ic), pacific, peaceable
belligerent [bəlídʒərənt] a. 호전적인, 윽박지르는 1. inclined or eager to fight; hostile or aggressive 2. of, pertaining to, or engaged in warfare
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obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive (B하면 A하다, A에는 B의 특성이 있다)
quarrelsome : belligerence :: (속성) belligerent : truculent :: (A=B) belligerent ↔ peaceful, disposed of peace, conciliatory conciliatory 달래는, 회유적인
bellwether [bélwèðər] n. 지도자, 장본인 : LEADER : one that takes the lead or initiative also; an indicator of
trends bellwether : leadership :: adviser : consultation bellwether : leadership :: advisor : guidance bellwether ↔ follower
bemoan [bimóun] v.t. 슬퍼하다 1. to mourn over; lament 슬퍼하다 2. to express pity or grief for 동정하다
bend [bend] v. 구부리다 : to bring (something) into a state of tension
bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant (OPPOSITE) bend : rigid :: dissolve : insoluble (OPPOSITE) dissolve 녹이다, 용해시키다; 무효화시키다, 폐기하다
benediction [bènədíkʃən] n. 축복 1. a blessing 2. an invocation of divine blessing, usually at the end of a
church service benediction ↔ curse
beneficent [bənéfəsənt] a. 자애로운, 이득이 되는 : doing or producing good; performing acts of kindness and
charity 1. characterized by or performing acts of kindness or
charity 2. producing benefit; beneficial * beneficience n.
beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield tenacious 집착하는; 끈질긴, 고집 센
philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humor beneficence ↔ meanness beneficence 선행, 은혜, 자선, 기부 meanness 비열한 행위, 인색함, 치사함 noxious, toxic ↔ beneficial noxious 해로운, 유해한 toxic 중독성의(poisonous); 독성이 있는
benevolent [bənévələnt] a. 자비심이 많은, 호의적인, 선의의 1. characterized by or suggestive of doing good 2. of, concerned with, or organized for the benefit of charity * malevolent; 악의 있는, 사악한, 해악을 끼치는
benevolent : meanness :: (A한 사람은 B가 없다) meanness : 천함, 비열함, 인색함, 치사함 malevolent ↔ benevolent, polite, benign, flattering, good
benign [bináin] a. 온화한 1. of a kind and gentle disposition 2. showing gentleness and mildness 3. tending to exert a beneficial influence; favorable
benignant [binígnənt] a. 친절한, 다정한; 유익한 1. favorable; beneficial 2. kind and gracious
benignant ↔ noxious, toxic, vicious, harsh, relentless, malevolent vicious 사악한, 타락한; 악의 있는, 심술궂은; 버릇없는; 나쁜, 옳
지 못한
benison [bénəzən, -sən] n. 축복 : a blessing; a benediction
benison ↔ curse
bent [bent] a. n. 열중한, 성향 형. 1. altered from an originally straight or even condition 2. determined to take a course of action 명. 1. a tendency, disposition, or inclination 2. a transverse structural member or framework used for
strengthen a bridge or trestle 교각 bent ↔ ineptitude inept 부적절한; 서투른 incompetent 어리석은, 무능한, 쓸모없는 (nonchalance (무관심, 냉담 casual lack of concern) 는 오답)
bequeath [bikwí:ð, -kwí:ɵ] v. 유언으로 증여하다; 남기다, 전하다 1. (law) to leave or give (property) by will 2. to pass (something) on to another; hand down
bequest [bikwést] n. 유산 : LEGACY 1. the act of giving, leaving by will, or passing on to another 2. something that is bequeathed; a legacy
heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator heirloom 세습 재산
berate [biréit] v. 호되게 꾸짖다 : to scold or condemn vehemently and at length
berate ↔ commend, laud, praise commend 추천하다, 칭찬하다
berth [bə:rθ] n. 침 , 침상 berth : sleep :: tub : bath
beseech [bisíːtʃ] v. 간청하다 : IMPLORE 1. to address an earnest or urgent request to; implore 2. to request earnestly; beg for
supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious coquette 바람난 여자(flirt) flirtatious [flə:rtéiʃəs] 시시덕거리는; 바람 난; 경박한, 들든
beset [bisét] v. 포위 공격하다, 둘러싸다; 끈덕지게 괴롭히다; (보석 등으로) 장식하다 1. to attack from all sides 2. to trouble persistently; harass 3. to hem in; surround 4. to stud, as with jewels
besmirch [bismə ːrtʃ] v. 더럽히다, 손상시키다 : SULLY, SOIL 1. to stain; sully 2. to make dirty; soil
sully 더럽히다, 망쳐놓다, 훼손하다 besmirch ↔ honor
bestial [béstʃəl, bíːs- / béstiəl] v. 상스러운 : beastly : marked by brutality or depravity
bestial ↔ noble
betray [bitréi] v.t. 폭로하다, 배반하다 1. a. to give aid or information to an enemy of; commit
treason against b. to deliver into the hands of an enemy in violation of a trust
or allegiance 2. to be false or disloyal to
betray : trust :: transgress : rule betray ↔ conceal 폭로하다 ↔ 비밀로 하다, 들키지 않게 하다 betray ↔ be faithful, be loyal, keep secret betrayal ↔ loyalty
better [béṭər] adj. 더 좋은, 보다 나은 adv. 더 좋게 v.t. ~을 개선하
다, v.i. 더 좋아지다, 향상되다
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better ↔ deteriorate, worsen, impair better ↔ inferior, worse
bevy [bévi] n. (종달새, 메추라기의) 떼, (소녀, 여자의) 일단 예; a bevy of young girls 젊은 여성의 한 무리
bevy ↔ individual
bibliography [bìbliɑ grəfi] n. 서지, 도서 목록; (참고) 문헌 목록 1. a list of the works of a specific author or publisher 2. a. a list of writings relating to a given subject b. a list of writings used or considered by an author in
preparing a particular work 3. a. the description and identification of the editions, dates
of issue, authorship, and typography of books or other written material
b. a compilation of such information list : bibliography :: painting : portrait (A ∋ B) bibliography : publication :: roster : name (A는 B의 목록(list))
bibliophile [bíbliəfàil] , [-fil] n. 애서가, 장서가 bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food gourmet 미식가, 식도락가
bifurcate [báifə:rk`eit] v. 두 갈래로 가르다, 분기시키다 : to divide into two parts or branches
bifurcate ↔ coalesce
bigot [bígət] n. 편협한 사람 one who is strongly partial to one's own group, religion,
race, or politics and is intolerant of those who differ bigoted a. ~에 편협한, 고집불통의
bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy :: liar : honesty (LACK) tolerance 관용, 관 turncoat 배신자, 변절자 constancy 불변성; 충성, 절개, 지조
bigotry : dedication :: rage : anger (A >> B) bigoted : advice :: conservative : change (A = B의 영향을 받지 않는) bigot : tolerant :: posturer : unaffected posture 포즈, 자태; 상황, 형세; 젠체하는 태도
bigoted : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan bigoted ↔ disinterested, dispassionate
bile [bail] n. 담즙, 기분이 언짢음, 울화, 역정 * bilious a. 담즙의, 신경질적인, 극도로 불쾌한, 언짢은 1. a. characterized by an excess secretion of bile b. relating to, characterized by, or experiencing gastric
distress caused by a disorder of the liver or gallbladder c. appearing as if affected by such a disorder; sickly 2. having a peevish disposition; ill-humored
insulin : pancreas :: bile : liver bilious ↔ benign(1순위) cheerful(2순위) bilious ↔ difficult to provoke, amiable
bilk [bilk] v. n. 떼어 먹다, 떼어 먹기, 사기 1. to defraud, cheat, or swindle 2. to evade payment of
bilk ↔ pay in full, deal with earnesty, be forthright, be honest, help
biography [baiágrəfi] n. 전기 biography : nonfiction :: sonnet : poem (A는 B의 종류)
bit [bit] n. 드릴용 날 bit : drill :: blade : razor
biting [báitiŋ] adj. 무는, 물어뜯는, 살을 에는 듯한, 통렬한 biting ↔ gentle, mild, kind, conciliatory, flattering, feeble
blackout [blǽkàut] n. 보도 통제, 등화관제, 소등, 의식/지각의 상실 : SUPPRESSION
: the concealment or extinguishment of lights that might be
visible to enemy aircraft during an air raid.
blame [bleim] 책망, 비난; (실패 등의) 책임 v. 1. to hold responsible 2. to find fault with; censure 3. to place responsibility for (something) n. 1. the state of being responsible for a fault or an error;
culpability 2. censure; condemnation
narcissism : love :: guilt : blame (A >> B) blame : inculpate ::
blanch [blæntʃ] v. 희게 하다, 표백하다; (야채, 고기 등을) 치
다; 창백해지다 1. to take the color from; bleach 2. to whiten (a growing plant or plant part) by covering to
cut off direct light 3. to whiten (a metal) by soaking in acid or by coating with
tin 4. a. to scald (almonds, for example) in order to loosen the
skin b. to scald (food) briefly, as before freezing or as a
preliminary stage in preparing a dish 5. to cause to turn white or become pale
scald 데게 하다; 데치다; 비난하다 mottle ↔ blanch
bland [blænd] a. 온화한, 부드러운; 재미없는, 지루한 : DULL, INSIPID
1. characterized by a moderate, unperturbed, or tranquil quality, especially:
a. pleasant in manner; smooth b. not irritating or stimulating; soothing c. exhibiting no personal worry, embarrassment, or concern 2. dull and insipid
pungency ↔ blandness tangy ↔ bland tangy [tǽŋi] 쏘는 맛이 있는, 강한 냄새가 나는
blandishment [blǽndiʃmənt] n. 감언 : ALLUREMENT : something that tends to coax or cajole
blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede (A는 B하기 위한 것) blandishment : cajole :: accolade : praise :: demur : object (A는 B하기 위한 것)
blandishment : coax :: medal : honor (A represent B + A는 B하는 것이 목적)
blandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceive :: threat : intimidate (A는 B하는 것이 목적) prevaricate 얼버무리다, 둘러 다 to stray from or evade the truth;
equivocate blandishment ↔ threat
blase [blɑːzéi, - -] a. 환락에 물린, 싫증난; 무관심한 1. uninterested because of frequent exposure or indulgence 2. unconcerned; nonchalant 3. very sophisticated
miser : munificent :: zealot : blase (OPPOSITE) munificent 아낌없는, 후한 very liberal in giving, generous; showing
great generosity
blaspheme [blæsfíːm, --] vi. 신성 모독하다; 욕하다 : REVILE, ABUSE
1. to speak of (God or a sacred entity) in an irreverent, impious manner
2. to revile; execrate impious 경건치 않은, 불경한(profane); 사악한
blasphemy ↔ kindness
blast [blæst, blɑːst] n, v.t. 광풍
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blast : whiff :: gush : trickle (A >> B) whiff 한 번 불기, 한 모금 gust 돌풍, 질풍; 격정, 폭발, 격노 gush 세차게 흘러나오다, 분출하다 trickle 방울방울 흐르다; 드문드문 오다
blatant [bléitənt] a. 떠들썩한, 뻔뻔스러운 : BRAZEN 1. unpleasantly loud and noisy 2. totally or offensively conspicuous or obtrusive
ambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignore (A = B하기 힘든) blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting (A한 것은 B하게 한다) odious 혐오할, 몹시 싫은 arousing or meriting strong dislike,
aversion, or intense displeasure blatant ↔ inconspicuous, unimpressive, unobtrusive, subtle
blazon [bléizən] v. 문장을 그리다; 치장하다, 과시하다; 공표하
다, 떠벌리다 : PROCLAIM n. 문장(紋章) 1. (heraldry) a. to describe (a coat of arms) in proper terms b. to paint or depict (a coat of arms) with accurate detail 2. to adorn or embellish with or as if wit a coat of arms 3. to proclaim widely
alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface (OPPOSITE) alliterate 두운을 맞추다, 두운법을 쓰다
blazon : adorn :: pillar : support (A는 B의 기능을 함) blazon ↔ efface diffidence ↔ blazonment
bleach [bliːtʃ] v.t. 표백하다 1. to remove the color from, as by means of chemical
agents or sunlight 2. to make white or colorless
desiccate : moisture :: bleach : color bleach ↔ mottle mottle ~을 얼룩덜룩하게 하다
bleeding [blíːdiŋ] n. 출혈 lint : bleeding :: lint 린트; 붕 용 천
tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : motion tourniquet 지혈기, 압박
antibiotic : infection :: coagulant : bleeding (A prevent B) hemorrhage : bleeding :: vertigo : dizziness (EQUAL) hemorrhage [héməridʒ] 출혈
blemish [blémiʃ] n. 흠, 결점 : an imperfection that mars or impairs; a flaw or defect
blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless impeccable 죄가 없는, 나무랄 데 없는
anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless unequivocal : ambiguous :: spotless : blemish (OPPOSITE) pristine : blemish :: pristine 원시 상태의; 순박한, 천진한
blender [bléndər] n. 혼합기, 믹서
blight [blait] n. v. 마름병, 황폐; 시들(게 하)다 1. to cause (a plant, for example) to undergo blight 2. to have a deleterious effect on; ruin
blight ↔ flourish blighted, barren ↔ grassy blighted ↔ hale, sound, robust, unblemished, thriving, lush hale 강건한, 원기 왕성한 free from infirmity of illness; sound
blimp [blimp] n. 보수적이고 반동적인 사람 : a pompous, reactionary, ultra-nationalistic person
blimp ↔ man of progressive ideas
bliss [blis] n. 다시없는 기쁨, 행복 1. extreme happiness; ecstasy
2. the ecstasy of salvation; spiritual joy dislike : loathing :: pleasure : bliss (A << B) loathing 강한 혐오 great dislike; abhorrence
bliss ↔ anguish, agony, misery, sorrow
blithe [blaið] a. 쾌활한, 명랑한, 즐거운; 사리분별없는 1. carefree and lighthearted(마음편하고 근심이없는) 2. lacking or showing a lack of due concern; casual
blithe ↔ grave, irascible
blighted [blaitid] a. 시든 blighted ↔ sound
blockade [blɑkéid] n. 봉쇄, 폐쇄 : the isolation of a nation, an area, a city, or a harbor by
hostile ships or forces in order to prevent the entrance and exit of traffic and commerce
filibuster : legislation :: blockade : commerce
blueprint [blú:prìnt] n. 청사진; 상세한 계획/윤곽 : a detailed plan of action
blueprint : edifice :: syllabus : course (A는 B의 개요를 보여주는 것)
blunder [blʌ ndər] n. 큰 실수 : a gross error or mistake resulting usually from stupidity,
ignorance, or carelessness protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage protocol 외교 의례; 조약 원안, 의정서
blunt [blʌnt] a. v. 무딘, 무디게 하다 / 무뚝뚝한 a. 1. having a dull edge or end; not sharp 2. abrupt and often disconcertingly frank in speech 3. slow to understand or perceive; dull 4. lacking in feeling; insensitive
slacken : tension :: blunt : sharpness attenuate : strength :: blunt : sharpness blunt ↔ whet whet 벼리다, 갈다(sharpen); (흥미 등을) 돋우다, 자극하다
blunt ↔ subtle, inconspicuous, unobtrusive
blur [bləːr] v. 희미하게 하다, 더럽히다 1. to make indistinct and hazy in outline or appearance;
obscure 2. to smear or stain; smudge 3. to lessen the perception of; dim
blur : definition :: subjugate : independence (OPPOSITE) subjugate 정복하다, 복종시키다, 마음 로 조종하다
blurb [bləːrb] n. 짧은 광고 : a short publicity notice (as on a book jacket)
blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation :: glance : look :: cameo : appearance (A는 B를 짧게 하는 것) gloss 광택, 윤; 겉치레, 허식; 주해, 주석, 해설
blurt [bləːrt] v. 불쑥 말하다 : to utter abruptly and impulsively
blurt : utter :: flit : move flit 휙 움직이다, 경쾌하게 돌아다니다 to move quickly from one
condition or location to another conceal ↔ blurt blurt : utterance :: bolt : movement :: yank : pull (A=갑자기 B하는 것) bolt (말, 토끼 등이) 갑자기 튀어나오다[뛰기 시작하다]; (사람이)
달리기 시작하다, 도망치다; 잽싸게 행동하다.
blush [blʌʃ] n. vi. 홍조, 얼굴을 붉히다 1. to become red in the face, especially from modesty,
embarrassment, or shame; flush 2. to become red or rosy 3. to feel embarrassed or ashamed
blush : embarrassment :: nod : agreement :: bow : respect :: shrug :
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indifference :: smile : pleasure blush : embarrass :: nod : approve :: yawn : sleepiness
bluster [blʌ stər] v.t. 허세 부리다, 공갈치다; 거세게 몰아치다 n. 허세, 거칠게 몰아침
1. to blow in loud, violent gusts, as the wind during a storm 2. a. to speak in a loudly arrogant or bullying manner b. to brag or make loud, empty threats
blustering : speak :: swaggering : walk bluster : loud :: pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive pontificate 주교의 직무를 수행하다; 오만한 태도를 보이다 scoff 비웃음, 조롱 to mock at or treat with derision derisive 비웃는, 조롱하는
drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless (CHARACTER) drawl to speak with lengthen or drawn-out vowels prate 재잘거리다, 지껄이다 to talk idly and at length; chatter
boast [boust] v. 자랑하다 : to glorify oneself in speech; talk in a self-admiring way
boast : pride :: complain : discontent (A show B) blowhard : boastful :: toady : obsequious blowhard 허풍선이 toady 아첨꾼, 알랑쇠
boast ↔ belittle, depreciate, degrade, minimize
boding [bóudiŋ] n. 흉조 : FOREBODING : an omen or foreboding, especially of evil
portent, omen 전조 → 길흉의 뜻은 없음 auspicious ↔ boding ill auspicious 길조의, 상서로운
bodyguard [bɑ g-əl / bɔ gəl] 호위자, 호위 ; 수행원(retinue) bodyguard : person :: soldier : country
boggle [bɑ g-əl / bɔ gəl] v. 움찔하다, 움찔하게(놀라게) 하다 1. to hesitate as if in fear or doubt 2. to shy away or be overcome with fright or astonishment 3. to botch; bungle
botch [batʃ] 어설프게 깁다/수선하다; (실수로) 망쳐 버리다 boggle ↔ embolden, march
bogus [bóugəs] a. 모조의, 가짜의 : factitious, fictitious, specious, apocryphal
bogus ↔ authentic, genuine
boisterous [bɔ istərəs] a. 떠들썩한, 난폭하고 시끄러운 : ROWDY, VOCIFEROUS
1. rough and stormy; violent 2. loud, noisy, and lacking in restraint or discipline
boisterous ↔ quiet
bolster [bóulstər] n. v. 받침 , 강화하다 : to support with or as if with a bolster
bolster : support :: leash : restrain :: tackle : hoist (A is a tool for B) tackle 도구, 용구; 도르래, 기중기; (축구 등의) 태클 hoist 인양하다, 끌어올리다
adulterant : pure :: bolster, brace : weak (OPPOSITE) bolster : strength :: whet : sharpness (동 : 명, A increase B) thwart ↔ foment, foster, bolster bolster ↔ decrease support of, undermine
bolt [boult] n. 빗장, 급히 뛰쳐나가기, 돌진, 도망 v. …을 볼트로 죄다; 빗장을 걸다, 갑자기 튀어나오다[뛰기 시작
하다]; 도망치다; 잽싸게 행동하다. 예; Because the officer who entered was a colonel, he ∼ed
to attention. 들어온 장교가 령이었으므로 그는 얼른 차려 자세를 취했다.
blurt : utterance :: bolt : movement
bombast [bɑ mbæst / bɔ m-] n. 호언장담, 허풍
: grandiloquent, pompous speech or writing * bombastic a.
nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole :: critical : tirade drivel 침을 질질 흘리다; 바보처럼 이야기하다
bombast ↔ down to earth language down to earth (사람, 인격, 사상 등이) 실제적인, 현실적인, 견실한 bombastic ↔ understated, unpretentious, humble, restrained, subtle, unaffected, unimpassioned
bonhomie [bɑ nəmíː, --- / bɔ nɔmìː] n. 싹싹함 : a pleasant and affable disposition; geniality
genial, congenial : bonhomie :: diplomatic : tact (EQUAL, 형 : 명) congenial 마음이 맞는, 취향이 같은, 적합한 genial 친절한; 온난한, 쾌적한
bonhomie : good natured ::
bonus [bóunəs] n. 보너스 bonus : employee :: decoration : soldier decoration 꾸밈, 장식; 장식품; 훈장
boo [buː] n. 야유 : a shout of disapproval or contempt
bookworm [búkwə ːrm] 독서광, 공부벌레 : one who spends much time reading or studying
bookworm : read :: gourmet : eat gourmet 미식가, 식도락가
boon [buːn] n. 은혜, 혜택 : BENEFIT, FAVOR 1. a benefit bestowed, especially one bestowed in response
to a request 2. a timely blessing or benefit
boon ↔ misfortune
boor [buər] n. 촌뜨기 insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp mischievous 유해한; 장난기 어린, 짓궂은 imp 꼬마 도깨비; 장난꾸러기, 악동
sensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton sagacity 현명, 기민 the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment,
and farsighted; wisdom simpleton 얼간이, 바보
insensible : boor :: stingy : miser boor ↔ civil person
bootless [búːtlis] a. 무익한 : USELESS, UNPROFITABLE : without advantage or benefit
bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence :: convoluted : complexity (A는 B의 특성을 가짐, 형 : 명) effulgent 찬란히 빛나는, 눈부신(radiant) shining brilliantly;
resplendent resplendent 빛나는, 눈부신; 화려한(brilliant) splendid or dazzling in
appearance; brilliant bootless : futile :: interesting : intriguing (EQUAL) bootless : futility :: empty : void
bore [bɔːr] v.t. 뚫다, 지루하게 하다 die : shaping :: drill : boring food : hunger :: stimulation : boredom (A remove B) entrance ↔ disappoint, disgust, repel, repulse, bore entrance [intrá:ns] 넋을 잃게 하다, 매혹하다, 황홀하게 하다
bottleneck [bɑ tlnèk] n. 병목 1. a. a narrow or obstructed section. as of a highway or a
pipeline b. a point or an area of traffic congestion 2. a hindrance to progress or production 3. the narrow part of a bottle near the top
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bough [bau] n. 큰 나뭇가지 : a tree branch, especially a large or main branch
bound [baund] n. 구역, 제한 * boundless adj. 경계가 없는, 무한한
boundless : limit :: impeccable : flaw boundless : excessive :: interminable : lengthy (A >> B) boundless : extensive :: interminable : lengthy boundless ↔ limited boundary ↔ unrestrained
bouquet [boukéi, buː-] 꽃다발; (예술 작품 등의) 품위, 품격 1. a cluster or flowers; a nosegay 2. the fragrance typical of a wine or liqueur
nosegay [nóuzgèi] 작은 꽃다발; 칭찬의 말, 공치사 a small bunch of flowers
fragrance 향기로움, 향기 1. the state or quality of having a pleasant odor 2. a sweet or pleasant odor; a scent
bouquet : flower :: constellation : star :: woodpile : log
bowdlerize [bóudləraiz, báud-] v. (책의) 음란한 곳을 삭제하다 to expurgate prudishly to modify, as by shortening or simplifying or by skewing
the content in a certain manner bowdlerize ↔ allow, approve, endorse, permit
box [bɑks / bɔks] vi. 주먹다짐하다 box : fight :: debate : argue (EQUAL, 명 : 동)
boycott [bɔ ikat] v. 배척하다, 거부하다 1. to act together in abstaining from using, buying, or
dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion
2. t abstain from or unite with others in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with
boycott ↔ patronize
bracing [bréisiŋ] a. 기운을 돋우는 : giving strength, vigor, or freshness
bracing ↔ vapid, denouncing vapid 맛이 없는, 김빠진; 흥미 없는, 지루한
bracket [brǽkit] n. (처마, 선반 등의) 받침 buttress : wall :: bracket : shelf buttress 부벽; 지지자, 후원
brackish [brǽkiʃ] a. 소금기가 있는, 짭짤한; 불쾌한 : not appealing to the taste 1. having a somewhat salty taste, especially from
containing a mixture of seawater and fresh water 2. distasteful; unpalatable
unpalatable 맛없는, 입에 안 맞는; 싫은, 불쾌한 brackish : repulsive :: (A << B)
braggart [brǽgəːrt] n. 허풍쟁이 : one given to loud, empty boasting; a bragger; blowhard * brag [bræg] v. to talk boastfully * braggadocio [brægədóuʃiou] n. 허풍; 허풍쟁이
toady : obsequious :: blowhard, braggart : boastful
braided [bréidid] a. (머리를) 땋은; 짠 grooved : striating :: braided : stranded (EQUAL) striate 홈을 내다 strand 가닥, 올
brake [breik] n. 브레이크 brake : speed :: moratorium : activity (A는 B를 ↓) divert : shunt :: retard : brake (B = A하는 장치) shunt 어내기, 전환; 선로 변환 장치
brake : decelerate :: clamp : compress clamp 클램프, 꺾쇠
brash [bræʃ] a. 성급한, 경솔한, 무모한 1. a. hasty and unthinking; impetuous b. rash 2. lacking in sensitivity or tact 3. presumptuously forward; impudent (무례한) 4. brittle (부러지기 쉬운)
frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion frivolous [frívələs] 시시한, 하찮은; 천박한, 경망스러운
candor : subterfuge :: brash : deliberate subterfuge 핑계, 구실
brassy [brǽsi, brɑ ːsi] a. 놋쇠로 만든; 뻔뻔스러운 1. made of or decorated with brass 2. resembling brass, as in color 3. cheap and showy; flashy 4. (informal) brazen; insolent
brassy ↔ reticent, reluctant brassy, open, forthright ↔ diffident, unassertive, furtive, humble, reserved diffident 수줍어하는, 삼가는, 조심성 있는
brat [brætiʃ] 버릇없는 애 : a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one brattish a.
tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous tightfisted 인색한, 구두쇠의 parsimonious 극도로 검약하는, 인색한
bravado [brəvɑ ːdou] n. 허세 1. a. defiant or swaggering behavior b. a pretense of courage; a false show of bravery 2. a disposition toward showy defiance or false expression of
courage courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness (A << B) fulsome (칭찬 등이 지나쳐) 불쾌한, 역겨운
swagger : bravado :: caress : affection caress 애무, 포옹 a gentle touch or gesture of fondness, tenderness,
or love
bravura [brəvjú-ərə] a. 화려한 n. (음악) 고도의 기교가 필요한 곡, 화려한 연주
1. (music) a. brilliant technique or style in performance b. a piece or passage that emphasizes a performer's
virtuosity 2. a showy manner or display
bravura : performance :: resplendence : appearance resplendent 빛나는, 눈부신, 화려한 splendid or dazzling in
appearance; brilliant
brazen [bréizən] a. 뻔뻔스러운 : IMPUDENT : marked by contemptuous boldness
brazen : impudent :: deadpan : impassive (EQUAL) impudent 뻔뻔스러운; 건방진 characterized by offensive boldness;
insolent or impertinent deadpan 감정을 나타내지 않는, 무표정한; 심각한 체하는
impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness recalcitrant 반항하는, 당할 수 없는, 다루기 어려운
risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness risible [rízəbl] 잘 웃는, 웃음의; 우스운, 익살스러운
brazen ↔ modest, self-effacing, diffident, shy self-effacing not drawing attention to oneself; modest diffident 자신 없는, 수줍어하는; 삼가는
diffidence ↔ brazenness diffidence 망설임, 삼감, 조심 timidity or shyness
breach [briːtʃ] n. v. 위반, 불화, 틈을 만들다 1. to make a hole or gap in; break through
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2. to break or violate (an agreement, for example) breach : continuity :: disturb : repose breach ↔ solder solder [sádər] 땜납; 결합시키는 것; 납으로 때우다, 결합하다
break 깨다, 부수다; 중단하다 break : continuity :: disturb : repose
breezeway [bríːzwèi] n. (집과 차고 등을 연결하는) 지붕과 기둥
만 있는 복도 breezeway : building :: stairway : floor → stairway(계단)는 층(floor, level)을 연결한다.
brevity [brévəti] n. 간결 brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature brevity : epigram :: exaggeration : caricature :: condemnation : philippic
philippic n. 맹렬한 공격 연설 brevity ↔ lengthiness
bribe [braib] v. 뇌물로 매수하다 n. 1. something, such as money or a favor, offered or given
to a person in a position of trust to influence that person's views or conduct
2. something serving to influence or persuade bribe : incorruptible :: affect : insensible (B = A할 수 없는) bribe : incorruptible :: rouse : insensible
bridle [bráidl] n. 굴레 v. 억누르다 bridled ↔ without restraint
brilliance n. 광휘, 밝음(brightness); 걸출, 탁월 1. the state or quality of being brilliant, as a. extreme brightness b. exceptional clarity and agility of intellect or invention 2. splendor; magnificence
brilliance ↔ dullness
brisk [brisk] a. 활발한 : LIVELY 1. marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic 2. keen or sharp in speech or manner 3. stimulating and invigorating 4. pleasantly zestful
ponderous ↔ lively, vibrant, brisk
bristle [brís-əl] n. v. (털을 세울 정도로)노기를 띠다 : to raise the bristles (as in anger)
bristle : anger :: vacillate : irresolution, indecision (A = B를 보이다) bristle ↔ cower cower 움츠리다, 위축하다 to cringe in fear
brittle [brítl] a. 부서지기 쉬운 manifest : perceive :: brittle : break (A = B하기 쉬운)
broach [broutʃ] v. 처음으로 입 밖에 내다; 구멍을 넓히다 1. a. to bring up (a subject) for discussion or debate b. to announce 2. to pierce in order to draw off liquid 3. to draw off (a liquid) by piercing a hole in a cask or other
container cf. brooch [broutʃ] 브로치, 장식핀
broach ↔ bring off, close off
broaden [brɔ :dən] v. 넓어지다, 퍼지다, 넓히다 broaden : width :: compact : density width : broad :: weight : heavy
bromide [bróumaid] n. 진부한 이야기/사람 1. a commonplace remark or notion; a platitude 2. a tiresome person; a bore
bromide : hackneyed :: equivocation : misleading (명사 : 형용사) hackneyed; overfamiliar through overuse; trite
bromide ↔ unhackneyed speech
brood [bru:d] 한집의 아이들, 한배의 새끼; (새끼를) 보호하다, (알을) 품다
herd : animal :: brood : offspring
brook [bruk] n. 시내, 개울 v. 허용하다, 참다, 견디다 : to pur up with; tolerate
brook ↔ refuse to tolerate * 강의 크기 river : 큰 강 stream : river 다음으로 작은 중간 정도의 강 creek : 큰 시내, 지류 brook, rivulet, streamlet : 더욱 작은 시내 rill : 실개천
browbeat [bráubìːt] v.t. 위협하다 : to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing manner or
domineering speech; bully instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat (A = B하는 사람) instigate 선동하다, 부추기다 bully 깡패, 불량배
bruit [bruːt] n. v.t. 소문을 퍼뜨리다 : REPORT : to spread news of; repeat
bruit ↔ keep secret
brusqueness [brʌsknis / brusknis] n. 무뚝뚝함 brusque a. 무뚝뚝한, 퉁명스러운, 매정한
brusqueness : tactful :: brusqueness : unctuous :: brusque ↔ considerate, courteous, gracious
buck [bʌk] v. (말이) 갑자기 뛰어 오르다; 차가 덜커덕하고 움직이
다; 강력히 반 하다 : BALK 1. to leap upward arching the back 2. to charge with the head lowered; butt 3. to make sudden jerky movements; jolt 4. to resist stubbornly and obstinately; balk
buck ↔ assent to
bucolic [bjuːkɑ lik] a. 양치기의; 전원적인, 소박한 1. of or characteristic of the countryside or its people; rustic 2. of or characteristic of shepherds or flocks; pastoral
palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city, metropolis palatial [pəléiʃəl] 궁궐 같은, 웅장한, 호화로운 hovel [hʌ vəl] 오두막집, 광, 가축의 우리
bucolic ↔ urban, sophisticated
budge [bʌdʒ] vi. 조금 움직이다, 의견을 바꾸다 1. to move or stir slightly 2. to alter a position or attitude
palter : candor :: budge : diehard palter 적당히 얼버무리다 diehard 끝까지 버티는, 완고하게 저항하는
vagary : predict :: diehard : budge (A = B하기 어려운) vagary 변덕스러운 일/사건; 변덕
buff [b f] 무두질한 가죽(의), 무두질하여 연하게 하다, (금속을) 연마
하다, (구두, 마루 등을) 닦다; to polish To polish or shine with a piece of soft material.
buff : lustrous :: strengthen : fortified (A하면 B한 상태가 된다)
buffer [bʌ fər] v. (충격을) 막다
buffoon [bəfúːn] n. 익살꾼 : CLOWN ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag ludicrous [lú:dəkrəs] 웃기는, 익살맞은; 바보 같은
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dissolute 방탕한, 무절제한 lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices
wag (머리, 꼬리 등을) 흔들기; 익살꾼 inexperience : neophyte :: ludicrous : buffoon
bugle [bju:gl] n. 군 나팔, (사냥용) 뿔피리(bugle horn) v. 나팔을 불(어 소집하)다
명. A brass wind instrument somewhat shorter than a trumpet and lacking keys or valves.
동 1. Music. To sound a bugle. 2. To give forth a deep, prolonged sound similar to the bay of a hound.
bugle : horn :: cleaver : knife (A는 B의 종류) cleaver 식칼, 날이 긴 손도끼
bulge [bʌldʒ] n. 돌출부, 중배; 일시적 증가, 팽창; 우세, 유리 1. a protruding part; an outward curve or swelling 2. a sudden, usually temporary increase in number or
quantity 3. an advantage
bulge : protuberant :: spike : pointed spike 대못, 뾰족한 금속, 대못으로 고정시키다, 스파이크를 박다 bulge ↔ depressed region
bully [búli] n. 깡패, v.i. 약자를 들볶다, 협박하다, 큰소리치다. (형용사로 다른 뜻도 있음)
: one habitually cruel to others who are weaker instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat browbeat 위협하다, 위협해서 못하게 하다
bully : scare :: bully : intimidation :: stupid : gullibility :: dupe : duplicity bully : intimidation :: sabotage : subversion subvert 전복/타도하다, 파멸시키다
underdog ↔ bully
bumper [bʌ mpəər] n. 충격 완화 장치 : a device for absorbing shock or preventing damage
protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage (A prevent B)
bumptious [bʌ mpʃəs] a. 오만한, 거만한 : OBTRUSIVE : presumptuously, obtusely, and often noisily self-assertive
dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness (OPPOSITE) dour 기분이 언짢은, 음침한 marked by sternness or harshness;
gloomy dour : tractable :: bumptious : humble impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness :: dour : geniality impetuous 충동적인, 성급한; 격렬한, 맹렬한
bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful (A >> B) bumptious : assertive :: meticulous : careful :: garish : colorful bumptious ↔ humble
bungalow [bʌ ŋgəlou] n. 방갈로식 별장 1. a small house or cottage usually having a single story
and sometimes an additional attic story 2. a thatched or tiled one-story house in India surrounded
by a wide verandah bungalow : building :: (A는 B의 한 종류)
bungle [bʌ ŋgəl] v. 어설픈 짓을 하다 n. 서투른 솜씨, 실수 : to act or work clumsily and awkwardly / to work or act
ineptly or inefficiently 동사: to handle badly; botch 명사: a clumsy or inept performance; a botch
bungle : clumsiness :: (A인 사람은 B의 속성이 있다) bungle : ineptitude :: bungle ↔ bring off (파워프렙), do well, succeed, manage bring off; to accomplish
bureau[bjú(:)ərou] n. 침실용 옷장, 책상/사무용 책상, (관청의) 국, 부
drawer : bureau :: trunk : tree
buoy [búːi, bɔi] v.t. 띄우다, 지탱하다 : SUPPORT, UPLIFT 1. to keep afloat or aloft 2. a. to maintain at a high level; support b. to hearten or inspire; uplift 3. to mark with or as if with a buoy
buoyed ↔ unsupported
buoyant [bɔ iənt] a. 명랑한, 부력이 있는 : CHEERFUL, GAY 1. having or marked by buoyancy 2. lighthearted; gay
bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant :: dissolve : insoluble buoyance : float :: resilience : recover (plod : fatigue는 오답) buoyant : float :: heavy : droop droop 수그러지다, 축 늘어지다; 약해지다, (기력이) 쇠하다
buoyant : sink :: insoluble : dissolve :: taut : sag reliable : fail :: buoyant : sink buoyant ↔ hangdog, sinking, aggrieved, leaden, ponderous, lethargic, depressed hangdog 겁먹은, 풀죽은; 부끄러워하는; 비열한 aggrieved 고통을 받은, 상처를 입은; 괴로워하는 leaden (납처럼) 무거운; 둔한, 느릿한; 나른한, 풀죽은
burgeon [bə ːrdʒən] v. 싹트다, 성장하다 : FLOURISH : to grow and expand rapidly
grow : burgeon :: beat : palpitate (B = 빨리 A하다) palpitate (심장이) 고동치다, 두근거리다; (몸이) 떨리다
burgeon ↔ wither, subdue, waste away, subside, want subdue 정복/압도하다; 억누르다, 자제하다
burgeoning ↔ waning, wasting away wan 창백한, 파리한; 병약한, 힘없는; 희미한
burial [bériəl] n. 매장 : INTER inter : burial :: obliterate : removal inter 매장하다, 묻다 to place in a grave or tomb; bury obliterate 흔적을 없애다, 제거하다, 삭제하다, 지우다
burlesque [bəːrlésk] n. 풍자극 burlesque : mockery :: diatribe : abuse diatribe 통렬한 비난, 혹평
doggerel : verse :: burlesque : play doggerel 엉터리 시, 광시(狂詩)
burly [bə :rli] adj. 건장한, 우람한, 튼튼한; 무뚝뚝한, 퉁명스러운 burly ↔ skinny, slim, thin, tiny, little, weak, delicate, puny
burn [bə:rn] n. an injury produced by fire, heat, radiation, electricity, or a
caustic agent. v. 1. to cause to undergo combustion. To destroy with fire 2. to damage or injure by fire, heat, radiation, electricity, or a
caustic agent: burned the toast; burned my skin with the acid.
burnish [bə ːrniʃ] v, n. 광을 내다, 광택 1. to make smooth or glossy by or as if by rubbing; polish 2. to rub with a tool that serves especially to smooth or
polish numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous (동 : 형) lustrous 광택 있는, 빛나는; 찬란한, 훌륭한
burnish : dull :: mar : flawless (OPPOSITE) mar 훼손하다, 망쳐놓다
burnish ↔ lackluster lackluster; n. adj. 빛/광택이 없는(없음); 흐리멍덩한(함) lacking
brightness, luster, or vitality; dull burnish ↔ dull
burrow [bə ːrou , bʌ r-] n. (토끼, 여우 등 작은 동물의) 굴; 피난처
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ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern (A << B)
bustle [bʌ sl] v. 분주히 돌아다니다; 재촉하다, n. 분주한 활동, 활기, 붐빔
bustle ↔ calm, peace, stillness, orderliness
busybody [bízibɑ di / -bɔ di] n. 엄청 참견하는 놈 : a person who meddles or pries into the affairs of others
ascetic : self-denial :: busybody : intrusiveness : ardent : zeal
butt [bʌt] v. 머리로 들이받다 : to thrust or push head foremost; strike with the head or
horns butt : head :: nudge : elbow nudge 팔꿈치로 찌르다, 가볍게 다
butter n. butter : margarine :: sugar : saccharin (천연물 : 인공물)
buttress [bʌ tris] n. v. 부벽(扶壁), 지지하다 buttress : wall :: strut : wing (A support B) strut 뽐내며 걷다, 과시하다; 버팀목, 지주
buttress : wall :: bracket : shelf buttress : edifice, building :: splint : limb :: splint : fracture edifice 큰 건물, 건축물; 체계, 조직 splint (접골용) 부목 limb 팔다리, 사지 fracture 골절; 부서지기, 파손; 갈라진 틈
aegis : protection :: buttress : support aegis [í:dʒis] 보호, 후원
buttress ↔ contravene, challenge contravene 모순되다, 충돌하다; 깨뜨리다, 위반하다
bygone[báigɔ ːn, -gɑ n / -gɔ n] n. 과거지사 : PAST, OUTMODED
byline [báilàin] n. 필자 이름을 적는 줄 : a line at the beginning of a news story, magazine article,
or book giving the writer's name newspaper : byline :: letter : signature (play : script는 오답) article : byline :: movie : credits
Byzantine [bízənti:n, bizǽntain] adj. 비잔틴 양식의; 권모술수를 쓰는; 복잡한, 뒤얽힌
often byzantine 1. of, relating to, or characterized by intrigue; scheming or
devious 2. highly complicated; intricate and involved
byzantine ↔ straightforward
C cabal [kəbǽl] n. 음모단, 비 결사, (예술계의) 파벌, 음모 v. 도
당을 짜다, 음모를 꾸미다 1. a conspiratorial group of plotters or intriguers 2. a secret scheme or plot
cabal : association :: plot : plan (DEFECTIVE) plot 은 한 계획, 계략, 음모 a secret plan to accomplish a hostile
or illegal purpose cast : actor :: cabal : conspirator cabal : crime :: coterie : interest
cache [kæʃ] n. 은닉처 : a place for concealment and safekeeping, as of valuables
cache : hidden, hoard :: (summit : inaccessible의 경우 summit은 accessible하므로 오답) summit 최고점, 정상, 꼭 기; 절정, 극한
cachet [kæʃéi] n. 인장, 관인; 공식 인가
1. a mark or a quality, as of distinction, individuality, or authenticity
2. a seal on a document, such as a letter cachet ↔ mark of disapprobation
cackle [kǽkl] 낄낄 웃다, 지껄여 다 cackle : laugh ::
cacophony [kækɑ fəni / -kɔ f-] n. 불협화음 : DISSONANCE : harsh or discordant sound * cacophonous adj.
cacophony : sound :: malodor : scent :: glare : light glare 번쩍이는 빛; 노려보기, 쏘아보기
cacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skill gaucherie 무뚝뚝함, 눈치 없음, 서투름, 어색함 an awkward or
tactless act, manner, or expression cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl genteel 상류 사회의, 품위 있는, 우아한 churl 버릇없는 사람; 구두쇠
malodorous : smell :: cacophony, jarring : sound jar 병, 단지; 덜커덕거리다, 귀에 거슬리는 소리를 내다
fetid : smell :: cacophonous : sound fetid 악취가 나는, 냄새가 고약한 having an offensive odor
cacophony ↔ euphony, harmony cacophonous ↔ dulcet, euphonious dulcet 선율이 아름다운, 기분 좋은
cadet [kədét] n. 신참, 막내; 사관학교 생도 1. a student at a military school who is training to be an
officer 2. a. a younger son or brother b. a youngest son
cadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog
cadge [kædʒ] v. 억지로 얻어내다 : BEG, SPONGE : to beg or obtain by begging : to ask someone for food or cigarettes because you do not
have any or do not want to pay (롱맨) cadge ↔ earn (타의와 자의)
cagey [kéidʒi] adj. 빈틈없는, 정체를 드러내지 않는, 말없는 * caginess n.
caginess ↔ incautiousness
caisson [kéisən, -san / -sɔn] n.(수중 공사용) 상자; 격리실; 탄약 상자; 무기 운반 수레
chevron : badge :: caisson : cart
cajole [kədʒóul] v. (감언이설로) 부추겨 ∼하게하다 : COAX 1. to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery;
cajole 2. to obtain by persistent persuasion
cajolery : hesitation :: clarity : misunderstanding blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion wheedle 구슬리다, 감언으로 꾀다 to persuade or attempt to persuade
by flattery or guile extort 강요하다, 강탈하다; 억지로 끌어내다 to obtain from another
by coercion or intimidation coercion 강제, 강요
cajole : reluctance :: clarification : misunderstanding
calamitous [kəlǽmitəs] a. 재앙을 가져오는, 불행한, 비참한 : being, causing, or accompanied by calamity; disastrous
calamitous ↔ felicific felicific 행복을 가져오는, 행복하게 하는, 행복을 가치의 기준으로 삼는 (cf>felicitous (행동, 표현이) 적절한, 들어맞는 (사람이) 표현을 잘하는 felicity 행복, 표현의 멋들어짐, 적절한 표현의 두 가지 뜻)
calcify [kǽlsəfài] vi. 경화시키다
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: to make inflexible or unchangeable calcium : mineral :: sugar : carbohydrate (A ∈ B) calcification ↔ flexibility calcify ↔ make/become malleable/pliant/flexible malleable (금속을) 벼릴 수 있는; 적응성이 있는, 유순한
calf [kæf, kɑːf] n. bull, whale, elephant의 새끼
calibrate [kǽləbrèit] v.t. 구경을 재다, 표준에 따라 조사하다 1. to check, adjust, or determine by comparison with a
standard 2. to determine the caliber of (a tube) 3. to make corrections in; adjust
measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter :: plumb : depth :: gauge : pressure calibrated ↔ unstandardized, unsubstantialized
calligrapher [kəlígrəfər] n. 서예가 : one who writes a beautiful
bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food (calligrapher : handwriting 관계는 오답)
calligraphy 달필; 필적, 서법 calligraphy : scribble :: sonnet : doggerel
callous [kǽləs] a. (피부가) 굳어진, 못이 박힌; 무감각한, 냉담한, 무정한, v. 무감각하게 하다, n. =callus (못)
adj. 1. having calluses; toughened 2. emotionally hardened; unfeeling
callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity (EQUAL) 무감각(냉담)하게하다:무감각(냉담)::속이다:표리부동(속이는것) (v:n) impassive 무감동한, 냉담한; 의식을 잃은, 인사불성의 dupe; v. 속이다, 속여서 ...를 시키다 n. 곧잘 속는 사람
callous : moved :: callous ↔ sympathetic, compassionate sympathetic 동정적인 compassionate 인정 많은, 가엽게 여기는(sympathetic) feeling or
showing compassion; sympathetic
callow [kǽlou] a. 풋내기의 : IMMATURE, GREENHORN : lacking adult sophistication
frank : secretiveness :: callow : maturity (OPPOSITE) callow : mature :: greenhorn : experienced :: capricious : deliberate expertise : green (OPPOSITE) expertise 전문가의 의견, 전문 기술/지식
experience : green :: pelf : impecunious pelf (경멸적) 부 wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly
acquired impecunious 무일푼의, 가난한 lacking money; penniless
apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature apoplectic 졸중의, 중풍의; 몹시 흥분한
callow ↔ behaving with sophistication, mature
callus [kǽləs] n. 피부경결, 못 gully : erosion :: callus : friction (B make A) gully 작은 협곡
calorie [kǽləri] n. 칼로리 power : watt :: heat : calorie :: sound : decibel :: electricity : volt heat : calorie :: liquid : gallons :: distance : odometer odometer 주행 거리계
calumny [kǽləmni] n. 비방, 중상 1. a false statement maliciously made to injure another's
reputation 2. the utterance of maliciously false statements; slander * calumnious adj. * calumniate [kəlʌ mnièit] v. 비방하다, 중상하다 : to utter maliciously false statements, charges, or
imputations about calumny ↔ approbation, eulogy, flattering, praise approbation 찬성, 승인; 칭찬, 찬양
corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood corroborate (신념 등을) 강하게 하다
calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony calumny 명예 훼손, 중상, 비방 perjury 위증
calumny : representation :: perjury : testimony calumniate ↔ vindicate vindicate 비난/혐의 등을 풀다; 정당화하다, 옳음을 밝히다
calumnious ↔ flattering
camaraderie [kæ mərǽdəri, -rɑ ːd-, kɑ ːmərɑ ːd-] n. 우정 : a spirit of friendly good-fellowship
camaraderie, comity ↔ enmity comity 예의, 예절 an atmosphere of social harmony enmity deep-seated, often mutual hatred
cameo [kǽmiòu] n. 보석, 조가비 등에 새기는 작은 양각 ; (영화 등의 한 장면에 한한) 명배우의 등장 a. 작은, 카메오의
1. a small piece of sculpture on a stone or shell 2. a brief but dramatic appearance of a prominent actor, as in
a single scene of a motion picture cameo : sculpture :: peccadillo : offense :: knoll : hill (A는 작은 B) (truck : vehicle, sedan : automobile의 경우 오답!!) blurb : notice :: cameo : appearance (A = 짧은 B) blurb (책의 커버, 띠 등에 쓰는) 짧은 광고 a brief publicity notice, as
on a book jacket cameo ↔ leading role
camouflage [kǽməflɑ ːʒ] n. 변장, 위장; 속임수 1. the method or result of concealing personnel or equipment
from an enemy by making them appear to be pat of the natural surroundings
2. concealment by disguise or protective coloring 3. fabric or a garment dyed in splotches of green, brown, tan,
and black so as to make the wearer indistinguishable from the surrounding environment
camouflage : location :: code : meaning (A는 B를 숨김) camouflage : location :: mask : face camouflage : deception :: flattery : ingratiating camouflage : detection :: disguise : identification camouflage : detection :: malinger : duty malinger 꾀병을 부리다 to feign illness or other incapacity in order to
avoid duty or work mimicry : camouflage :: variation : mutation ballast : stabilization :: camouflage : indetection (PURPOSE) camouflage ↔ exposure
canard [kənɑ ːrd] n. 헛소문, 유언비어 : an unfounded or false, deliberately misleading story
aspersion : discredit :: canard : deceive (목적)
candid [kǽndid] a. 솔직한, 정직한 candid : ingenuousness ::
candidate [kǽndidèit, -dit] n. 후보자 roster : personnel :: slate : candidate roster 근무 당번표; 명단 slate 슬레이트, 석판; 후보자 명단
ballot : candidates :: ballot 투표용지; 투표; 후보자 명부
candor [kǽndər] n. 공평무사, 솔직함 : FORTHRIGHTNESS : freedom from prejudice or malice
palter : candor :: budge : diehard palter 적당히 얼버무리다, 속이다 budge 조금 움직이다, (의견을) 바꾸다
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disingenuous : candor :: (OPPOSITE) candor : subterfuge :: brashness : deliberation (A에는 B가 없음) subterfuge 핑계, 구실 a deceptive stratagem or device brash 성급한, 무모한; 버릇없는, 노골적인
palter : candor :: betray : loyalty candor ↔ artifice, mendacity artifice 교묘한 책략, 농간 mendacity 부정직한 일; 거짓, 허위
cane [kein] n. 지팡이 cane : walk :: glasses : see (도구 : 목적)
canon [kǽnən] n. 규범, 진짜 작품으로 인정되는 것 : an accepted principle or rule; the authentic works of a
writer * canonical adj.
religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy orthodoxy 정통파적 신념; 정설, 정통성
canonical : conforming :: qualified : limited qualified 자질이 있는, 안성맞춤인; 조건부의, 제한된
canon ↔ apocrypha apocrypha [əpákrəfə] 경외전; 전거가 불확실한 문서
canonical ↔ nontraditional, heterodox canonize ↔ debase, vilify, forbid, condemn, disrespect
canopy [kǽnəpi] n. 닫집, 덮개, 차양 canopy : cover :: tag : identify (A의 목적 = B)
cantankerous [kəntǽŋkərəs, kæn-] a. 성미 급한, 다루기 어려운 1. ill-tempered and quarrelsome; disagreeable 2. difficult to handle
canvas [kǽnvəs] n. 캔버스, 화포; 유화, 그림 canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor easel : canvas :: tripod : camera
canvass [kǽnvəs] v. 간청하다; (투표를) 부탁하다 : SOLICIT 1. to examine carefully or discuss thoroughly; scrutinize 2. a. to go through (a region) or go to (persons) to solicit
votes or orders b. to conduct a survey of (public opinion); poll
exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass (A = B하는 사람) exponent 주창자, 표적인 인물/것 pollster 여론 조사원
canyon [kǽnjən] n. 깊은 협곡 ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern (A << B) burrow (토끼, 여우 등의) 작은 굴; 피난처, 은신처
capacious [kəpéiʃəs] a. 널찍한, 도량이 큰 : SPACIOUS : capable of containing a large quantity; spacious or roomy
capitulate [kəpítʃəlèit] v. 항복하다, 저항을 그만두다, 복종하다 1. to surrender under specified conditions 2. to give up all resistance; acquiesce
capitulate ↔ resist, oppose, stand firm, fight, defend, withhold capitulation ↔ resistance
caprice [kəpríːs] n. 변덕 1. an impulsive change of mind 2. an inclination to change one's mind impulsively 3. a sudden, unpredictable action, change, or series of
actions or changes * capricious adj. 변덕스러운
caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied :: insight : discerning (CHARACTER)
capricious : whim (CHARACTER) capricious : constancy :: (A lack B) impromptu : rehearsal :: caprice : deliberation caprice : deliberate :: insubordinate : submissive insubordinate a. 복종하지 않는, 반항하는 n. 반항자
caprice : predict :: (A = B하기 어려운) capricious : change :: (A = B하기 쉬운) caprice : whim :: objective : fact caprice : whimsical :: perspicacity : acute perspicacious 통찰력 있는, 명민한
caprice : whimsical :: insight, foresight : prudent :: effulgence : resplendent
capricious ↔ constant, deliberate, pertinacious, resolute, steadfast caprice ↔ confirmation
captious [kǽpʃəs] adj. 헐뜯는 captious : please :: (A는 B하지 않는) captious ↔ tolerant
captivate [kǽptəvèit] v.t. 마음을 사로잡다 : to attract and hold by charm, beauty, or excellence
captivate ↔ repulse repulse ~을 지겹게 하다, ~을 거절하다, 불쾌하게 만들다
captor [kǽptər] n. 사로잡는 사람, 포획자; (상의) 획득자 captor ↔ liberator
cardinal [ká:rdinəl] adj. 근본적인, 으뜸인; 진홍/주홍색의 1. of foremost importance; paramount 2. (color) dark to deep or vivid red
cardinal ↔ minor
carefree [kɛ ərfrìː] adj. 근심 없는, 낙천적인 free of worries and responsibilities
carefree : responsibility :: hidebound : flexibility (LACK)
caretaker [kɛ ərtèikər] n. 임시 리인, 관리인 1. one that is employed to look after or take charge of goods,
property, or a person; a custodian 2. one that temporarily performs the duties of an office
custodian 관리인; 수위 janitor 문지기, 수위
careworn [kɛ ərwɔ ːrn] a. 근심 걱정에 초췌한 : showing the effect of grief or anxiety
careworn ↔ lighthearted, fresh, healthy
caret [kǽrət] n. 삽입 지시 기호 a proofreading symbol(^) used to indicate where something
is to be inserted in a line of printed or written matter caret : insertion :: comma : pause
caricature [kǽrikətʃùər, -tʃər] n. 풍자만화 : exaggeration by means of often ludicrous distortion of parts
or characteristics brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature caricature : presentation :: illustrator : caricaturist :: essayist : satirist
carnal [kɑ ːrnl] a. 속세의, 육체적인 1. relating to or given to crude bodily pleasures and appetites 2. worldly or earthly; temporal 3. of or relating to the body or flesh; bodily
carnal ↔ spiritual, intangible
carouse [kəráuz] v. 떠들썩하게 마시다, 흥청 다
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1. to engage in boisterous, drunken merrymaking 2. to drink excessively n. boisterous, drunken merrymaking; a carousal
roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw roister 으스 다; (술 마시며) 법석을 떨다 recluse 은둔자, 수도사
carouse ↔ behave soberly
carp [kɑːrp] vi. 트집을 잡다 : to find fault in a disagreeable way; complain fretfully
caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious cavil [kǽvəl] 덮어놓고 이의를 제기하다, 말도 안되는 소리를 늘어
놓다 libertine 방탕자, 난봉꾼; 자유사상가 licentious [laisénʃəs] 음탕한, 방탕한, 부도덕한
complain : carp :: drink : guzzle (A << B)
carpentry [ka:rpəntri] n. 목공, 목수 직업, 목공품 * carpenter n. 목수
carpentry : craft :: (A는 B의 종류) wood : carpenter :: brick : mason trade : carpentry :: clothing : outfit (B는 A의 종류) trade 전문 직업 an occupation, especially one requiring skilled labor
cartographer [kɑːrtɑ grəfər / -tɔ g-] n. 지도 제작자 cartographer : map :: tailor : clothing :: weaver : cloth :: lexicographer : dictionary
carve [kaə:rv] v. 조각하다, 새기다; (고기를) 엷게 썰다, 베어내다 1. a. to divide into pieces by cutting; slice b. to divide by parceling out 2. to cut into a desired shape; fashion by cutting 3. to make or form by or as if by cutting 4. to decorate by cutting and shaping carefully
carve : turkey :: slice : cake
cascade [kæskéid] n. 폭포 v. ~을 폭포처럼 떨어뜨리다 cascade ↔ trickle, drip trickle 조금씩 흘리다, 똑똑 떨어뜨리다
cast [kæst, kɑːst] n. v. 배역(하다) : the set of actors in a dramatic production; to assign a
certain role to (an actor) appoint : official :: cast : actor (cast 는 동사) cast : actor :: cabal : conspirator :: choir : singer :: corporation : employee :: company : employee (cast 는 명사로 ‘배역진’) cabal 음모단, 비 결사; 음모
letter : signature :: playbill : cast :: playbill : actor :: recipe : ingredient (A have B) playbill 연극 프로그램, 선전 전단 a poster announcing a theatrical
performance
castigate [kǽstəgèit] v. 혹평하다 1. to inflict severe punishment on 2. to criticize severely
castigation : disapproval :: crime : misbehavior :: blasphemy : irreverence (A >> B) blasphemy 신성모독 irreverence 불경
castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial :: loathing : dislike :: soaking : damp (A >> B) reprove to voice or convey disapproval of denounce 비난하다; 고발하다
peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B) castigate ↔ extol, flatter, highly praise, commend, admire, accolade castigation ↔ approbation, flatter, accolade, extol
castle [kǽsl, kɑ ːsl] n. 성 castle : turret :: sea : beacon beacon 봉화; 등
catalyze [kǽtəlàiz] v.t. 촉진시키다 : BRING ABOUT, INSPIRE enzyme : catalyst :: bacterium : microbe (A ∈ B) enzyme 효소 biochemical catalyst
catalytic : initiate :: synthetic : create supervisor : oversight :: catalyst : initiate (A = B하는 사람/물건) catalyze ↔ inhibit, retard, prevent catalyst ↔ prevention, inhibitor
catastrophe [kətǽstrəfi] n. 재앙 1. a great, often sudden calamity 2. a complete failure; a fiasco 3. the concluding action of a drama, especially a classical
tragedy, following the climax and containing a resolution of the plot
4. a sudden violent change in the earth's surface; a cataclysm catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment (A >> B) mishap 불행한 사건
oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic (CHARACTER) oxymoron 모순어법
categorical [kæ təgɔ ːrikəl, -gɑ r- / -gɔ r-] a. 무조건의 : ABSOLUTE, UNQUALIFIED
1. being without exception or qualification; absolute 2. of or relating to a category or categories; according to or
using categories categorical ↔ qualified, conditional
cater [kéitər] vi. 제공하다; 요구에 맞춰 주다 : to provide food or entertainment; to supply what is required
or desired
caterwaul [kǽtərwɔ ːl] v. (고양이가) 야옹 울다
catholic [kǽθəlik] a. 보편적인, 비편파적인 : UNIVERSAL 1. of broad or liberal scope; comprehensive 2. including or concerning all humankind; universal
catholic ↔ narrow
caustic [kɔ ːstik] a. 신랄한, 부식의 : a substance that burns or destroys organic tissue by
chemical action 1. capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away
by chemical action 2. corrosive and bitingly trenchant; cutting 3. causing a burning or stinging sensation, as from intense
emotion barb : caustic :: pan : harsh caustic : eat away :: desiccant : dry (A = B하게 하는 물질) desiccant 건조제
caustic : burn :: solvent : dissolve caustic ↔ palliating, genial, smooth, kind, innocuous, mild, pliant, sweet, conciliatory, savory, mollifying palliate 변명하다, 꾸며 다; 일시적으로 완화시키다
cautious [kɔ :∫əs] adj. 신중한, 주의를 기울이는 1. showing or practicing caution; careful 2. tentative or restrained; guarded
cautious ↔ rash thriftiness : miserliness :: cautiousness : pusillanimity
cavalier [kævəlíər] n. 기사, 기사도 정신의 사람 a. 건방진, 거만
한; 호탕한, 되는 로의 v. adj. 1. showing arrogant or offhand disregard; dismissive 2. carefree and nonchalant; jaunty * cavalierly a. 기사다운, 거만한 adv. 기사답게, 거만하게 * chivalrous a. 용감한, 기사도의
jaunty 쾌활한, 근심 없는; 의기양양한; 멋 s부리는 cavalierly : deliberation :: (LACK) rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy (cavalier : arrogant 관계는 오답. 명사일 때는 ‘기사도 정신(긍정적)’
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arrogant 아님 / 형용사일 때는 arrogant) rapscallion 악한, 깡패 mischievous 유해한; 장난기 어린, 말썽을 부리는 sluggard 게으름뱅이, 건달
cavalier ↔ humble, obliging, modest
caveat [kéiviæ t] n. 경고, 주의; (法) 절차 정지 신청의 예고 1. a. a warning or caution b. a qualification or explanation 2. (law) a formal notice filed by an interested party with a
court or officer, requesting the postponement of a proceeding until the filer is heard
overture : introductory :: caveat : warning :: caveat : cautionary preamble : introductory :: caveat : precautious preamble 서문, 머리말; 전조
cavern [kǽvərn] n. 큰 동굴 ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern cavern : spelunker :: star : astronomer (A=B를 탐사, 조사하는 사람) spelunker [spilʌ ŋkər] 동굴 탐험가(취미로라도) One who explores
and studies caves chiefly as a hobby. grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel grotto 작은 동굴 arroyo [erɔ iou] 작은 협곡
cavil [kǽvəl] v. 트집 잡다 : to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections
cavil : criticize, object :: prate : talk :: saunter : walk (A는 B를 사소하게, 목적 없이 하다)
caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious licentious [laisénʃəs] 음탕한, 방종한, 부도덕한
encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil encomiast 찬양자 a person who delivers or writes an encomium; a
eulogist quibble 트집을 잡다; 험담을 하다 = cavil
nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object (trivial B = A) nitpick to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant details
faultfinding : criticize :: nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil
cavort [kəvɔ ːrt] v. (신나서) 뛰어 다니다 : PRANCE : to walk or move in a spirited manner 1. to bound or prance about in a sprightly manner; caper 2. to have lively or boisterous fun; romp
dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly dodder 몸을 떨다; 비틀거리며 걷다
cavort ↔ trudge, restrain, behave trudge to walk in a laborious, heavy-footed way; plod
cease [si:s] v. 중단하다 : to put an end to; discontinue
cease ↔ commence, evolve, inaugurate inaugurate 취임시키다; 개시하다, 발족/창시하다
cede [siːd] v. 양도하다 1. to surrender possession of, especially by treaty 2. to yield; grant
cede : possession :: cede ↔ possess
celebrity [səlébrəti] n. 유명 인사; 유명 RENOWN 1. a famous person 2. renown; fame
renown 유명 the quality of being widely honored and acclaimed; fame celebration : decry :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE) decry 헐뜯다, 깎아내리다, 비난하다
celebrity, renown ↔ anonymity, obscurity, insignificance, inconsequence obscurity 애매한 상태; 어둠, 불분명한 사물; 세상에 알려지지 않
은 상태
celerity [səlérəti] n. 신속 celerity ↔ delay, languor, sluggishness
cell [sel] n. 세포, 독실, 독방 cell : membrane :: seed : hull (B = A를 감싸고 있음) cell : confined :: (CHARACTER)
cement [simént] v. 결합하다 : to unite or make firm by or as if by cement
cement ↔ fracture, sever sever 절단/분리하다; (관계를) 끊다; 이간하다(break up)
censor [sénsər] v.t. n. 검열관, 검열하다 1. a person authorized to examine books, films, or other
material and to remove or suppress what is considered morally, politically, or otherwise objectionable
2. an official, as in the armed forces, who examines personal mail and official dispatches to remove information considered secret or a risk to security
3. one that condemns or censures 잔소리꾼 censorship : communication :: preservative : decay (A prohibit B) censorship : information :: sanitation : disease (A prevent B) sanitation 공중위생, 위생 설비
vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate vendor, vender 파는 사람, 행상인 purvey 조달/공급하다 expurgate (책, 영화 등을) 수정하다; (부도덕한 것을) 정화하다
salesman : buy :: censor : expunge :: proselytizer : convert :: grandstand : impress expunge 지우다, 삭제하다
censorious [sensɔ ːriəs] a. 몹시 비판적인 1. tending to censure; highly critical 2. expressing censure
censorious : critical :: (A >> B) censorious : censor :: recalcitrant : resist recalcitrant 저항하는, 다루기 어려운
censorious ↔ eulogistic
censure [sénʃər] n. v. 비난, 혹평(하다) : to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy n. 1. an expression of strong disapproval or harsh criticism 2. an official rebuke, as by a legislature of one of its member
lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure lamentable 슬퍼할, 통탄할, 유감스러운 reprehensible 야단맞아 싼, 비난 받아야 할, 괘씸한 deserving rebuke
or censure; blameworthy remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure :: syllogism : disprove (B use A) remonstrance 항변; 충고, 간언, 타이름 remonstrate to say or plead in protest, objection or reproof syllogism 삼단 논법
censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible (OPPOSITE) reprehensible 비난 받아야 할, 괘씸한
censure ↔ applaud, applause, exonerate, extol, commend, exonerate, adulate exonerate (고소, 책임 등에서) 해방하다, 면제하다
census [sénsəs] n. 인구 조사 : a usually complete enumeration of a population
census : population :: inventory : stock, merchandise
centrifuge [séntrəfjùːdʒ] n. 원심 분리기 centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain colander 음식물을 건조시키거나 헹구는 도구
ceramic [sərǽmik] n. 도자기 shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake shard 도자기 파편 crumb 빵 부스러기, 작은 조각
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ceremony [sérəmòuni / -məni] n. 의식 affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony (A ∈ B) affidavit 선서 진술
certainty 1. the fact, quality, or state of being certain 2. something that is clearly established or assured
certainty, certitude ↔ indecision, obscurity indecision 우유부단, 망설임 reluctance or an inability to make up
one's mind; irresolution
certitude [sə ːrtətjùːd] n. 확신 : the state of being or feeling certain
certitude ↔ obscurity
cessation [seséiʃən] n. 중지, 정지 : STOP : a bringing or coming to an end; a ceasing
cessation ↔ commencement, start(시작), continuation(지속) commencement 시작, 개시; 학위 수여식
chaff [tʃæf / tʃɑːf] n. 왕겨 winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities winnow 까부르다, 키질하다; 가려내다, 선별하다
chaff : wheat :: shell : pecan :: shell : peanut :: peel : banana pecan (얇은 껍질이 있는) 피칸 열매
dross : metal :: chaff : grain
chagrin [ʃəgrín / ʃǽgrin] n. 원통함, 분함 : disquietude or distress of mind caused by humiliation.
disappointment, or failure chagrin : mind :: grimace : face grimace [gríməs] 찡그린 상, 우거지상
chagrin ↔ elation, cheerfulness, contentment, proud satisfaction, delight elation 의기양양함, 우쭐댐 elate 의기양양하게 하다, 기운을 북돋우다 to make proud or joyful
challenge 도전, 신천; 이의, 항의 challenge ↔ buttress
chamber [tʃéimbər] n. 방/공무 집행실 : a natural or artificial enclosed space or cavity
chameleon [kəmíːliən, -ljən] n. 카멜레온 salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist ichthyology [ìkθiálədʒi] 어류학 herpetology 양서류학
champion [tʃǽmpiən] v.t. 지지, 옹호하다 : UPHOLD, ADVOCATE
: to fight for, defend, or support as a champion champion ↔ disparage, impugn, oppose disparage 비난을 초래하다, 신용을 떨어뜨리다; 깔보다, 경시하다 impugn 비난하다, 논박하다, 이의를 제기하다
channel [tʃǽnl] v. 관심을 돌리다; (수로를) 파다 : to direct or guide along some desired course
channel ↔ evade, disperse
chaotic [keiɑ tik / -ɔ t-] a. 혼돈의 chaos : predictability :: pallor : color (LACK) chaotic ↔ strictly structured, strictly featured
chaperon [∫ǽpəroun] n.
1. a person, especially an older or married woman, who accompanies a young unmarried woman in public.
2. an older person who attends and supervises a social gathering for young people.
3. A guide or companion whose purpose is to ensure propriety or restrict activity
chaperon : propriety ::
chaplain [tʃǽplin] n. 지도 신부, 군목(軍牧); 의전 담당원 a clergyman officially attached to a branch of the military, to
an institution. or to a family or court chaplain : religious ::
charade [ʃəréid / -rɑ ːd] n. 몸짓으로 말을 표현하는 게임; (쉽게 드러나는) 가장, 속임
1. a game in which words or phrases are represented in pantomime
2. a readily perceived pretense charade : word :: mime : story charade : dissimulate :: void : empty dissimulate (감정 등을) 숨기다, ∼인척하다 empty v. 비우다, 비게 되다
charismatic a. 카리스마적인 charisma : 1. a rare personal quality attributed to leaders who arouse
fervent popular devotion and enthusiasm 2. personal magnetism or charm: a television news program
famed for the charisma of its anchors charismatic : appeal :: presumptuous : panache charismatic ↔ lackluster (awkward, pliant, complacent, melancholic는 오답)
charismatic ↔ repugnant
charitable [t∫ǽritəbl] adj. 관 한, 자비로운 1. generous in giving money or other help to the needy 2. mild or tolerant in judging others; lenient 3. of, for, or concerned with charity
charitable : malign :: (OPPOSITE) rancor ↔ good will, concord, charitableness charitable ↔ malign, harsh, heartless
charlatan [ʃɑ ːrlətən] n. 돌팔이, 사기꾼 : FRAUD, FAKER : a person who makes elaborate, fraudulent, and often
voluble claims to skill or knowledge; a quack or fraud charlatan : deceive :: mentor : guide, advise :: juggernaut : crush
chary [tʃɛəri] a. 낯을 가리는, 신중한, 삼가는 1. very cautious; wary 2. not giving or expending freely; sparing
chary : caution :: imperturbable : composure (A have B) chary ↔ bold, rash
chasm [kǽzəm] n. 깊은 틈, 단절 : GORGE : a deep cleft in the surface of a planet (as the earth)
cleft : chasm :: cut : gash (A << B) cleft 쪼개진 틈; 파편 gash 큰/깊은 상처(slash) a long, deep cut; a deep flesh wound
chaste [tʃeist] adj. 순결한 chaste ↔ wanton wanton 바람기 있는, 부정한, 외설스런, 음탕한, 지나치게 화려한 chaste ↔ corrupt, defiled defile ~을 더럽히다, 불결하게 하다, ~을 모독하다, (명성, 평한 등을) 더럽히다, 훼손하다
chasten [tʃéisən] v. 징벌하다 : to correct by punishment or reproof; take to task.
chasten : humbled :: vex : irritate (A는 B하게 만들다) chasten ↔ reward
chateau [∫ætóu] n. (프랑스의) 성, 큰 집 1. a. A French castle. b. A French manor house. 2. A large country house.
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chateau : dwelling :: sedan : automobile (A는 B의 종류)
chauvinism n. 맹목적 애국주의; 차별주의 1. militant devotion to and glorification of one's country;
fanatical patriotism 2. prejudiced belief in the superiority of one's own gender,
group, or kind * chauvinist 열광적 애국자(의) * chauvinistic 열광적 애국자의
patriotic : chauvinistic :: receptive : gullible (A << B) chauvinist : patriotism :: miser : thrift (빅북) chauvinism : patriotism :: meticulousness : carefulness (A >> B, A는 부정적 의미 내포) (dictatorship : democracy는 오답)
check [tʃek] n. v. 갑작스러운 방해 : to block the progress of
jolt : move :: check : stop jolt (급히 난폭하게) 흔들다, 마구 뒤흔들다; 놀라게 하다
check ↔ propagate, hasten, goad goad 막 기로 찌르다/몰아 다; 부추기다, 선동하다
chef [ʃef] n. 요리사 author : novel :: chef : banquet :: writer : novel chef : kitchen :: scientist : laboratory :: chemist : laboratory
cherish [tʃériʃ] v. 소중히 하다, 귀여워하다; (소원 등을) 품다 1. to treat with affection and tenderness; hold dear 2. to keep fondly in mind; entertain
cherubic [tʃərúːbik] a. 순진무구한, 케루빔 천사와 같은 cherubic ↔ somber somber [sámbər] 어두컴컴한, 음산한; 칙칙한; 우울한
chevron [ʃévrən] n. 갈매기 표(계급장) chevron : badge :: caisson : cart caisson [kéisan] (수중 공사용) 상자; 격리실; 탄약 상자; 무기 운반
수레
chiaroscuro [kiɑ ːrəskjúːrou] n. 명암 조법 1. the technique of using light and shade in pictorial
representation 2. the arrangement of light and dark elements in a pictorial
work of art chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy :: filigree : delicacy tapestry 다양한 색을 사용한 장식용 양탄자 intricacy 복잡(함) filigree 금/은 선세공; 매우 섬세/우아한 것
chic [ʃi(ː)k] a. 맵시 있는 1. conforming to the current fashion; stylish 2. adopting or setting current fashions and styles;
sophisticated
chicanery [ʃikéinəri] n. 속임수, 얼버무리기, 발뺌; 핑계 : TRICKERY
1. deception by trickery or sophistry 2. a trick; a subterfuge
gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination chicanery : clever :: tactlessness : truthful (속임수 : 교묘한, 솜씨있는, 눈치빠른 :: 재치 없는 : 진실인, 옳은) (빅북 14-6) chicanery는 clever한데 속이기 위해 clever하니까 부정적, tactlessness는 truthful하긴 한데 미련한 truthful이니까 부정적)
chicanery ↔ guilelessness, honest dealing, scrupulous practice, aboveboard action, forthrightness, lack of suberfuge, absence of guile, absence of trick, probity, lack of trickiness
probity 정직, 성실, 청렴 scrupulous 빈틈없는, 면 한; 양심적인; 신중한
chide [tʃaid] v. 꾸짖다, 잔소리하다 : SCOLD : to scold mildly so as to correct or improve; reprimand
chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle (A << B) pillory n. 오명 v. 칼을 씌워 구경거리로 만들다, 중의 조롱거리로
만들다 humor 비위를 맞추다, 만족시키다 mollycoddle 응석받이 to be overprotective and indulgent toward
chide praise
chimera [kaimí(:)ərə] n. 가공의 괴물, 망상 melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity (LACK) chimera ↔ real possibility
chip [tʃip] n. 조각 chip : stone :: shard : glass
choke [tʃouk] v.t. 질식 시키다, 숨 막히게 하다; (행동 등을) 억제
하다 → 숨이 막히지만 죽을 정도는 아니다. 1. to interfere with the respiration of by compression or
obstruction of the larynx(후두) or trachea(기관, 호흡관) 2. a. to check or slow down the movement, growth, or action
of b. to block up or obstruct by filling or clogging c. to fill up completely; jam
smother : choke :: smother 덮다, 싸다; 질식시키다, 숨막히게 하다
* smother 1. a. to suffocate (another) b. to deprive (a fire) of the oxygen
necessary for combustion 2. to conceal, suppress, or hide 3. to cover (a foodstuff) thickly with another foodstuff 4. to lavish a surfeit of a given emotion on (someone)
* suffocate 1. to kill or destroy by preventing access of air or oxygen 2. to impair the respiration of 3. to cause discomfort to by or as if by cutting off the supply of fresh
air 4. to suppress the development, imagination, or creativity of; stifle
* stifle 1. to interrupt or cut off (the voice, for example) 2. to keep in or hold back; repress 3. to kill by preventing respiration; smother or suffocate
choleric [kɑ lərik / kɔ l-] a. 화 잘 내는, 성마른 1. easily angered; bad-tempered 2. showing or expressing anger
cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize 겁 : 상대방을 겁먹게하다 :: 화 : 상대방을 화나게하다
choleric : anger :: choleric : rile :: volatile : rouse :: partial : bias rile 화나게 하다 rouse 깨우다, 각성시키다, 분발하게 하다 bias 편견(선입관)을 품게 하다
choleric ↔ difficult to provoke, pacific, slow to anger
choir [kwaiə:r] n. 성가 , 합창 ; 악단 choir : singer :: cast : actor :: bouquet : flower
chord [kɔːrd] n. 화음 : a combination of tree or more usually concordant tones
sounded simultaneously chord : note, tone :: grove : tree :: constellation : star (A = B가 모여서 된 것)
cf. colonnade : pillar :: queue : person (일렬로 선 것)
choreography [kɔ ːriɑ grəfi / kɔ ːriɔ g-] n. 안무 : the composition and arrangement of dances especially for
ballet * choreographer n. 안무가
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choreography : dance :: plot : story choreographer : movement :: architect : building (sculptor : statue 관계는 오답)
chortle [tʃɔ ːrtl] n. 득의에 찬 웃음 v. 기쁜 듯이 웃다 chortle : amusement :: sneer : contempt
chorus n. 합창단 troupe : perform :: chorus : sing (A = B하는 사람들) troupe [tru:p] (배우 등의) 일행, 일단
chromatic [kroumǽtik] a. 색채의; (음악) 반음계의 1. a. relating to colors or color b. relating to color perceived to have a saturation greater
than zero 2. (music) a. of, relating to, or based on the chromatic scale b. relating to chords or harmonies based on nonharmonic
tones chromatic ↔ colorless
chronic [krɑ nik / krɔ n-] a. 상습적인, 만성의 : INVETERATE 1. of long duration; continuing 2. lasting for a long period of time or marked by frequent
recurrence, as certain diseases 3. subject to a habit or pattern of behavior for a long time
chronic ↔ sporadic
chronicle [krɑ nikl / krɔ n-] n. 연 기, 편년사
chronological [krɑ nəlɑ dʒikəl / krɔ nəlɔ dʒikəl] a. 연 순의 dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological
chuckle [t∫ʌ kl] v. 킬킬 웃다, 소리 없이 웃다; 꼬꼬 울다 1. to laugh quietly or to oneself 2. to cluck or chuck, as a hen
chuckle : laughing :: whisper : speaking
chunk [tʃʌŋk] n. 한 덩어리 1. a thick mass of piece 2. (informal) a substantial amount
chunk ↔ flake flake 얇은 조각, 파편, 단편
churl [t∫ə:rl] n. 야비한 사람, 촌뜨기; 고집쟁이 1. a rude, boorish person 2. a miserly person
churl : affront :: instigator : foment affront 모욕하다, 창피를 주다; 직면하다(confront), 과감히 맞서다
churlish [tʃə (ː)rliʃ] a. 촌뜨기의, 막돼먹은, 무뚝뚝한 : SURLY : marked by a lack of civility or graciousness 1. of, like, or befitting a churl; boorish or vulgar 2. having a bad disposition 3. difficult to work with, such as soil; intractable
annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl (B = A하는 사람) uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver uncouth [ʌnkú:θ] 어색한, 꼴불견의, 무례한; 괴상한, 기묘한 connive [kənáiv] 공모하다, 음모를 꾸미다; 묵인하다, 너그러이 봐
주다 cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl genteel 상류 사회의, 품위 있는, 우아한
churlish : affront :: formidable : intimidate (EQUAL, 형 : 동) formidable 무서운, 용기를 꺾는, 위협적인
churlishness ↔ complaisance complaisance the inclination to comply willingly with the wishes of
others; amiability churlish ↔ genteel
cinch [sint∫] n. 꽉 잡기; 확실한 일, 쉬운 일 v. ~을 단단히 매다; ~
을 꽉 잡다 cinch ↔ difficulty cinch ↔ free, loosen, unbind cinch ↔ be uncertain, be unsure
cinder [síndər] n. 타다 남은 덩어리, 재, 쇠똥(slag)
cineast, cineaste [síniæ st, -əst], [-æ st] n. 영화광 : a devotee of motion pictures
cineast : film :: gourmand : food
cipher [sáifər] n. 암호 cipher : cryptic :: precis : concise precis 요약, 개요 a concise summary of a book, an article, or another
text; an abstract cipher : crack ::
circuitous [səːrkjúːitəs] a. 완곡한, 에우르는 : not being forthright or direct in language or action * circuity n.
immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness (OPPOSITE) immaterial 중요하지 않은, 하찮은; 무형의, 정신적인
circuitous : directness :: irresolute : decision circuitous : straightforward :: varicolored : monochromatic (OPPOSITE) circuity ↔ forthrightness, straightforwardness, directness circuitous ↔ direct
circular [sə :rkjulə:r] adj. 원의, 둥근; 에둘러 말하는, 완곡한 circuitous; roundabout
circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (OPPOSITE)
circumference [sərkʌ mfərəns] n. 원주 border : country :: circumference : circle circumference : circle :: perimeter : rectangle
circumlocution [sə ːrkəmloukjúːʃən] n. 장황한 말투,둘러 기 1. the use of unnecessarily wordy and indirect language 2. evasion in speech or writing 3. a roundabout expression
circumlocutory ↔ straightforward, succinctly expressed circumlocution ↔ pithy uttering, aphoristic uttering, straightforward utter, direct encounter, succinctness
circumscribe [sə ːrkəmskráib, --- ] v. 제한하다; 경계를 정하다; 외접(外接)시키다
1. to draw a line around; encircle 2. to limit narrowly; restrict 3. to determine the limits of; define 4. a. to enclose (a polygon or polyhedron) within a
configuration of lines, curves, of surfaces so that every vertex of the enclosed object is incident on the enclosing configuration
b. to erect (such a configuration) around a polygon or polyhedron(다면체)
circumscribed ↔ unlimited, ecumenical ecumenical 전반적인, 보편적인 of worldwide scope or applicability;
universal
circumspect [sə ːrkəmspèkt] a. 신중한 : PRUDENT : careful to consider all circumstances and possible
consequences rash : circumspective :: imperious : servile (OPPOSITE) circumspect : prudence :: urbane : polish (EQUAL, 형 : 명) circumspect : tactful :: circumspection ↔ temerity temerity 무분별, 무모 = recklessness
circumspect ↔ audacious, rash, reckless, indiscreet, imprudent, foolhardy
circumvent [sə ːrkəmvént] v.t. 교묘히 회피하다
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1. to surround (an enemy, for example); enclose or entrap 2. to go around; bypass 3. to avoid or get around by artful maneuvering
circumvent ↔ confront, encounter circumvention ↔ direct encounter
cistern [sístərn] n. 물탱크 : a receptacle for holding water or other liquid, especially a
tank for catching and storing rainwater cistern : liquid(s), water :: landfill : refuse :: larder, pantry : food :: warehouse : merchandise landfill 쓰레기 매립지 refuse [réfju:s] 폐기물, 쓰레기
citation [saitéiʃən] n. 소환장 summons : citation :: (소환 : 소환장)
civility [sivíləti] n. 예의 : COURTESY, POLITENESS 1. courteous behavior; politeness 2. a courteous act or utterance
civility ↔ rudeness
claim [kleim] n. 요구, 주장 claim : legitimated :: hypothesis : confirmed lien : claim :: subpoena : command (A ∈ B) lien 선취 특권
claim ↔ renounce
clairvoyant [klɛərvɔ iənt] a. 천리안의, 통찰력 있는 n. 통찰력 있는 사람 : DISCERNING
: unusually perceptive dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict (형 : 동) prescience [prí:ʃiəns] 통찰, 예지, 선견(foresight) (clairvoyant : oversee 관계는 오답) oversee 감독하다, 검사하다; ~을 목격하다, 슬쩍 보다 clairvoyant ↔ insensitive, unreceptive, myopic, nearsighted,
shortsighted, unwise, dull receptive 이해력이 빠른
clamorous [klǽmərəs] adj. 시끄러운 : VOCIFEROUS, STRIDENT
clamorous ↔ silent
clandestine [klændéstin] adj. 은 한 : surreptitious : kept or done in secret, often in order to conceal an illicit
or improper purpose clandestine : secretly :: overt : openly overt 공공연한, 명백한 open and observable; not hidden, concealed,
or secret clandestine : secrecy :: harmonious : congruity congruity 적합, 조화, 일치 congruous; corresponding in character or kind; appropriate or
harmonious clandestine ↔ open
clarion [klǽriən] a. 낭랑한 : brilliantly clear; loud and clear
clarion ↔ soft and indistinct, muted, cloudy, dull
clarity [klǽrəti] n. 명쾌함 : LUCIDITY 1. clearness of appearance 2. clearness of thought or style; lucidity
ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth mendacious 거짓인, 허위의; 정직하지 못한
consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion :: expedition : foot-dragging (OPPOSITE)
equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth (A는 B를 저하시키다) equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity euphemism 완곡어법 obfuscate (판단 등을) 흐리게 하다; 당황하게 하다
misunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retract (중국10회 section2 10) ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity ramshackle 금세라도 무너질 듯한; 약한 garble 왜곡하다; 혼동하다, 착각하다
obfuscate, opaque, roil, equivocate, muddy ↔ clarify, appease roil 흐리게 만들다; 초조하게 하다, 화를 돋우다
clasp [klæsp, klɑːsp] n. 걸쇠 lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten lathe [leið] 금속을 갈고 도려내는 데 쓰는 공작기계
clause [kl :z] : a group of words containing a subject and a predicate and
forming part of a compound or complex sentence clause : sentence :: paragraph : essay
claustrophobia [klɔ ːstrəfóubiə] n. 폐공포증 recluse : crowd :: claustrophobic : enclosure recluse 은둔자, 수도사
cleft [kleft] n. 갈라진 틈 cleft : chasm :: cut : gash (A << B) chasm 깊이 갈라진 틈 gash 큰/깊은 상처
clement [klémənt] a. 너그러운, 온화한 : LENIENT : inclined to be lenient or merciful : lenient inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous,
or indulgent * clemency n.
clement ↔ pitiless, severe, harsh, baneful pitiless having no pity; merciless
clemency ↔ ruthlessness, cruelty, severity, mercilessness, harshness ruthless 인정머리 없는, 무자비한, 사정없는(pitiless)
cliche [kli(ː)ʃéi] n. 진부한 말 : a trite phrase or expression
hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliche : originality :: jejune : interest anomaly : commonplace :: cliche : imaginative hodgepodge 뒤범벅 a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble
equivocation : misleading :: cliche : hackneyed :: cliché : trite (A는 B의 성격을 지닌) hackneyed 진부한 overfamiliar through overuse; trite trite; lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition;
hackneyed cliche ↔ original idea, original statement
clinch [klintʃ] v. 단단히 고정하다 : to hold fast or firmly
clinch ↔ remove, make more doubtful
cling [kliŋ] v. 달라붙다 1. to hold fast or adhere to something, as by grasping,
sticking, embracing, or entwining 2. to remain close; resist separation 3. to remain emotionally attached; hold on
clique [kliːk, klik] n. 파벌, 당파 : a small, exclusive group of friends or associates
clique : intimates :: flock : sheep
clog [klɑg / klɔg] n. 방해물 : ENCUMBRANCE : an obstruction or hindrance
clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations stalemate 막다른 궁지 a situation in which further action is blocked; a
deadlock
closet [klɑ zit / klɔ z-] n. 벽장, 찬장; 은 한 장소, 사실(私室) 1. a cabinet or enclosed recess for linens, household supplies,
or clothing
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2. a small private chamber, as for study or prayer 3. a water closet; a toilet 화장실 4. a state of secrecy or cautious privacy
pantry : food :: closet, wardrobe : clothes
clot [klɑt / klɔt] n. v. 엉긴 덩어리, 응고시키다 : a coagulated mass produced by clotting of blood
clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed (clot은 not dissolved 용해되지 않은 것, crowd는 not dispersed 흩어지지 않은 것) (pp2. chain : disengaged의 경우 chain은 engage ‘시키는’ 것이므로 오답)
freeze : water :: clot : blood solvent : dissolve :: coagulant : clot
cloture [klóutʃər] n. 토론종결 : the closing or limitation of debate in a legislative body
especially by calling for a vote voting : roll call :: termination : cloture (A하기 위해 B를 한다; 혹은 종류로 보기도 함. roll call(동의하는 사람이 일어나는 식으로 표결하는는 방식)은 투표의 방식, cloture는 끝내는 방식)
roll call 점호, 출결조사
cloudburst [klaudbə ːrst] n. 폭우 : a sudden, heavy rainstorm; a downpour
gust : wind :: cloudburst : rainfall :: yank : pull (A >> B)
clout [klaut] n. 영향력 : PULL, INFLUENCE 1. a blow, especially with the fist 2. (informal) a. influence; pull b. power; muscle
clout ↔ impuissance, impotence impuissance lack of power or effectiveness; weakness
cloying [klɔiŋ] a. 신물이 난, 물린 cloy [klɔi] : to cause distaste or disgust by supplying with
too much of something originally pleasant, especially something rich or sweet; surfeit
garrulous, loquacious : talkative :: cloying : sweet (A >> B) garrulous 수다스러운 given to excessive and often trivial or rambling
talk; tiresomely talkative
clumsy [klʌ mzi] a. 꼴사나운, 서툰 1. lacking physical coordination, skill, or grace; awkward 2. awkwardly constructed; unwieldy 3. gauche; inept
clumsy ↔ comely, seemly, adept comely 어여쁜, 아름다운; 훌륭한 seemly 단정한, 예의바른; 알맞은, 시기적절한
coagulant [kouǽgjələnt] n. 응고제 coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve astringent : pucker :: coagulant : congeal coagulant ↔ liquefier, dissolvent
coagulate [kouǽgjul`eit] v. 응고시키다 : to cause transformation of (a liquid or sol, for example)
into or as if into a soft, semisolid, or solid mass coagulate ↔ dissolve, liquefy, thin
coalesce [kòuəlés] v. 합체하다 : FUSE 1. to grow together; fuse 2. to come together so as to form one whole; unite
coalesce ↔ disaggregate, sunder, polarize, break apart, bifurcate, grow apart, separate sunder 분리하다, 절단하다 to break or wrench apart; sever asunder 조각조각으로; 뿔뿔이, 산산이 sever [sévər] 절단하다, 잘라내다; 분리, 격리하다 polarize 극성을 띠게 하다; 립시키다; 분열하다
coarse [kɔːrs] a. 굵은, 거친, 조잡한; 교양 없는, 천한 : rough, especially to the touch; adjusted or designed for
heavy, fast, or less delicate work
coarse : surface :: dislocate : place :: coarsen : texture (A=B를 안좋은 상태로 만들다) fastidious ↔ coarse fastidious 성미가 까다로운, 세심한 주의가 필요한
coax [kouks] v.t. 감언으로 부추기다 : CAJOLE : to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery 1. to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery;
cajole 2. to obtain by persistent persuasion
blandishment : coax :: medal : honor :: prevarication : deceive (A는 B하기 위한 것, A는 B를 보여주는 것) blandish 구슬리다, 구슬려서 ∼하게 하다 prevaricate : to stray from or evade the truth 속이다
coda [kóudə] n. 음악의 종결부 : a concluding passage of a movement or composition
dessert : meal :: epilogue : play :: coda : sonata coda ↔ overture, prelude
coddle [kɑ dl/kɔ dl] v. 부드럽게 다루다, 잘 돌봐주다; 약한 불로 삶다 1. to cook in water just below the boiling point coddle eggs 2. to treat indulgently; baby
coddle ↔ scorn, deplore, treat harshly deplore 비난/반 하다; 유감으로 생각하다, 애통해하다
coerce [kouə ːrs] v. 강압적으로 ∼하다 1. to force to act or think in a certain way by use of pressure,
threats, or intimidation; compel 2. to dominate, restrain, or control forcibly 3. to bring about by force or threat
wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion wheedle 구슬리다 to persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or
guile; cajole cajole 감언으로 꾀다 to urge with gentle and repeated appeals,
teasing, or flattery; wheedle extort 강요하다, 강탈하다 to obtain from another by coercion or
intimidation coercive ↔ voluntary
coeval [kouíːvəl] a. 같은 시 의 : of the same or equal age, antiquity, or duration
congruent : dimension :: coeval : age congruent 들어맞는, 부합하는, 조화되는; 합동인
cogent [kóudʒənt] a. 설득력 있는 : CONVINCING : appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning * cogency n.
cogent : convince :: repugnant : repel cogent : validity :: germane : pertinence (A는 B의 성격을 갖고 있음) validity 타당성, 정당성, 유효성 cogent ↔ unconvincing, unsound cogency ↔ unconvincingness
cogitate [kɑ dʒətèit / kɔ dʒ-] v. 숙고, 명상하다 : to take careful thought or think carefully about; ponder
philosopher : cogitate :: iconoclast : attack iconoclast 성상 파괴자; 미신 타파주의자
cognizant [kɑ gnəzənt / kɔ g-] a. 인식한, 알고 있는 : knowledgeable of something especially through personal
experience incognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthy (OPPOSITE) cognizant ↔ oblivious, unaware oblivious 잘 잊는, 염두에 두지 않는 lacking all memory; forgetful
coherent [kouhí(:)ərənt] adj. 시종 일관한, 논리적인 * incoherent [ìnkouhí(:)ərənt] a. 논리적 맥락이 없는, 앞뒤가 맞
지 않는
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coherent ↔ irrational, incongruous incoherent ↔ plausible
colander [kʌ ləndər, kɑ l-] n. (요리용) 여과기 centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain
collapse [kəlǽps] v.t. 붕괴시키다 : to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely
collapse : implode :: divide : sunder (A << B) sunder to break or wrench apart
collapse : implode :: steep : immerse (A << B) steep 가파른, 험준한; 터무니없는, 엄청난; (액체에) 담그다; 몰두
하다 immerse 물에 담그다, 가라앉히다; 완전히 몰두하다
collapse : volume :: attenuate : thickness reinforcement : collapse :: (A는 B를 막다)
colloquial [kəlóukwiəl] v. 구어체의, 격식을 차리지 않는 : characteristic of or appropriate to the spoken language or
to writing that seeks the effect of speech; informal. colloquial ↔ polished
collude [kəlúːd] v. 공모하다 : CONSPIRE, PLOT : to act together secretly to achieve a fraudulent, illegal, or
deceitful purpose collude, connive : cooperate :: smuggle : convey :: stalk, shadow :
follow :: eavesdrop : listen :: pry : watch :: steal : take :: lurk : wait (DEFECTIVE)
stalk 몰래 다가가다, 살그머니 접근하다 pry 염탐하다, 엿보다
collusion : conspirators :: cooperation : partners collude ↔ act independently
colonnade [kɑ lənéid / kɔ l-] n. 주랑 : a series of columns set at regular intervals and usually
supporting the base of a roof structure colonnade : pillar :: queue : person
colossal [kəlásəl] adj. 거 한, 량의 : of a size, extent, or degree that elicits awe or taxes belief;
immense antediluvian : age :: colossal : size antediluvian 노아의 홍수 이전의; 태고의; 구식의; 소박한
colossus : figurine :: boulder : pebble (A >> B) colossus 거상 boulder 둥근 돌
colt [koult] n. 망아지; 애송이, 신출내기 1. a young male horse 2. a youthful or inexperienced person; a novice
coltish [kóultiʃ] a. 망아치 같은; 장난치는 1. relating to or suggestive of a colt 2. lively and playful; frisky
coltish : discipline :: loutish : grace (A lack B) loutish 버릇없는; 촌스러운, 멋없는 lout [laut] a person regarded as awkward and stupid; an oaf
coma [kóumə] n. 혼수상태 coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion
combustible [kəmbʌ stəbəl] a. 가연성의, 흥분하기 쉬운 1. capable of igniting and burning 2. easily aroused or excited * incombustible
impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible (OPPOSITE) impervious (액체 등을) 통과시키지 않는, 불침투성의; 영향을 받지
않는
combustible : ignite :: malleable : shape incombustible ↔ flammable
comely [kʌ mli] a. 어여쁜, 훌륭한 1. pleasing and wholesome in appearance; attractive 2. suitable; seemly
seemly 단정한, 예의바른; 알맞은, 시기적절한 comeliness ↔ unattractiveness comely ↔ clumsy
comity [káməti] n. 예절 : an atmosphere of social harmony comity ↔ enmity
commencement [kəménsmənt] n. 개시, 학위 수여식 1. a beginning; a start 2. a. a ceremony at which academic degrees or diplomas are
conferred b. the day on which such a ceremony occurs
commencement ↔ cessation cease ↔ inaugurate, commence inaugurate (취임식을 하여) 취임시키다, 개회식을 하다; 개시하다, 시
작하다 commencement ↔ matriculation matriculation ( 학의) 입학 허가; 입학시험
commend [kəménd] v.t. 칭찬하다 : PRAISE 1. to represent as worthy, qualified, or desirable; recommend 2. to express approval of; praise 3. to commit to the care of another; entrust
execrable ↔ commendable, laudable execrable 혐오할, 미워할; 몹시 서투른 execrate 혐오하다, 저주하다; 몹시 헐뜯다
commend ↔ berate, deplore
commensurate [kəménʃərit] a. 동등한, 어울리는 : of the same size, extent, or duration as another 1. of the same size, extent, or duration as another 2. corresponding in size or degree; proportionate 3. measurable by a common standard; commensurable
commensurate ↔ preponderant preponderant 능가하는, 우세한, 압도적인 having superior weight,
force, importance, or influence tantamount ↔ incommensurate tantamount 동등한, 같은 equivalent in effect or value
parity ↔ uncommensurateness
commentary [kɑ məntèri / kɔ məntəri] n. 주석, 주해; 논평 annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition annotate 주를 달다, 주석하다 gloss 주석, ~에 주를 달다
commercial [kəmə ːrʃəl] n. 광고 : an advertisement on television or radio
advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal
commingle [kəmíŋgl] v. 뒤섞다, 혼합하다 : to become blended
commingle ↔ separate
commitment [kəmítmənt] n. 범행, 실행; 위임; 공약, 서약; 몰두, 헌신 1. the act or an instance of committing, especially: a. the act of referring a legislative bill to committee b. official consignment, or to a person or mental health
facility c. a court order authorizing consignment to a prison 2. a. a pledge to do b. something pledged, especially an engagement by contract
involving financial obligation 3. the state of being bound emotionally or intellectually to a
course of action or to another person or persons
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crime : misdemeanor :: commitment : decision (A >> B) misdemeanor 버릇없음, 비행, 악행 felony 중죄
dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence (A = B가 없는 사람) dilettante 호사가, 아마추어 평론가
disaffected : contentment :: dubious : commitment, conviction (A lack B) disaffected 불만을 품은, 불충실한; 싫어진, 싫증이 난
ambivalent ↔ committed (전념하는, 헌신적인; 의식을 가진) noncommittal ↔ confirmative noncommittal 이도저도 아닌, 모호한
committed [kəmítid] a. 전념하는, 헌신적인; 의식을 가진 (작가, 작품 등)
profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed (profligate는 solvency(지불능력)이 낮은 상태, mercurial은 commitment(전념, 몰두)가 낮은 상태 중국3 16번) profligate 품행이 나쁜, 부도덕한; 낭비하는 solvent 지급능력이 있는; 녹이는, 용해력이 있는; 약화시키는, 부
드럽게 하는
commodious [kəmóudiəs] a. 편리한, 넓은 : ROOMY : comfortably or conveniently spacious
taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu (OPPOSITE) taut (실 등이) 팽팽한; (신경 등이) 긴장한, 곤두 선; 엄격한(strict) purlieu [pə :rlju:] 삼림의 가장자리; 변두리, 교외; 자주 가는 장소 environ 둘러싸다 to encircle; surround
commodious ↔ constricted, constringed, cramped, close (inefficient, convoluted는 오답) constringe 죄다, 압착하다, 수축시키다 = constrict close 폐된, 좁고 답답한
commonplace [kɑ mənplèis / kɔ m-] a. 평범한, 케케묵은 : having no remarkable features, characteristics, or traits;
ordinary phenomenal, inimitable ↔ unexceptional, commonplace inimitable 흉내 낼 수 없는, 비길 데 없는 = matchless phenomenal 보통이 아닌, 놀랄만한; 감지/인지할 수 있는
(perceptible) commonplace ↔ original, exceptional
commonsense [kɑ mənséns / kɔ m-] n. 상식 commonsensical ↔ preposterous preposterous 불합리한, 상식을 벗어난, 터무니없는
commotion [kəmóuʃən] n. 폭동, 동요 : TO-DO : a condition of turbulent motion
squall : commotion :: flash : illumination (A = brief B) squall [skwɔ:l] 질풍, 돌풍, 스콜; 북새통, 소동
commotion ↔ tranquility
compassion [kəmpǽ∫ən] n. 측은하게 여기는 마음, 깊은 동정 : deep awareness of the suffering of another coupled with
the wish to relieve it compassion ↔ indifference
compendium [kəmpéndiəm] n. 요약 : ABSTRACT : a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of
knowledge compendium : summary :: anthology : collection (EQUAL) encyclopedia : compendious :: abstract : condensed
compensate [kɑ mpənsèit / kɔ m-] v. 보상/변상하다; 보충하다, 상쇄하다 : BALANCE
1. to offset; counterbalance 2. to make satisfactory payment or reparation to;
recompense or reimburse 3. to stabilize the purchasing power of (a monetary unit) by
changing the gold content in order to counterbalance
price variations
complacent [kəmpléisənt] a. 자기만족의, 기분 좋은 : self-satisfied and unconcerned
complacency ↔ anxiety
complaisant [kəmpléisənt, -zənt|kəmpléizənt] adj. 남을 기쁘게 해 주려는, 친절한, 상냥한, 붙임성 있는, 정중한
* complaisance [kəmpléisəns, -zəns, kɑ mpləzæns] n. 정중
함, 공손함 : AFFABILITY : the inclination to comply willingly with the wishes of others; amiability
complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit intractable 고집 센, 다루기 힘든 adept 숙련된, 숙달된 very skilled
complaisance ↔ churlishness, obstinacy churlish 농부의, 촌뜨기의; 막돼먹은 obstinacy 완고함, 고집
complaisant ↔ obdurate, intransigent
complement [kámpləmənt|kɔ m-] n. 보충물, 전수(全數) v.t.~을 완전
하게 하다, 보충하다 명. 1. something that completes, makes up a whole, or brings
to perfection 2. the quantity or number needed to make up a whole 3. either of two parts that complete the whole or mutually
complete each other complement : complete :: illuminate : clear
compliant [kəmpláiənt] a. 유순한 : SUBMISSIVE : disposed or willing to comply; submissive, obedient
compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible (A << B) obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield (EQUAL, 형 : 동) obsequious 아부하는, 추종하는 full of or exhibiting servile compliance;
fawning
compliment [kɑ mpləmənt / kɔ m-] v.t. 찬사, 아첨하다 n. 1. an expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation 2. a formal act of civility, courtesy, or respect 3. compliments good wishes; regards
apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed contrite 회개하는; 후회의 빛을 보이는
compliment : flattery :: deference : subservience (DEFECTIVE) subservient 굴종하는, 비굴한
courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness (A << B) bravado 허세, 허장성세; 무모함 fulsome (칭찬 등이 지나쳐) 역겨운 offensively flattering or insincere
complimentary ↔ vituperative vituperative 비난하는, 매도하는, 악담하는 using, containing, or
marked by harshly abusive censure
comply [kəmplái] vi. 순순히 따르다 : to act in accordance with another's command, request, rule,
or wish mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain (EQUAL, 형 : 동) mandatory 명령의; 의무적인, 강제적인
comport [kəmpɔ ːrt] n. 처신하다, 적합하다 : to conduct or behave (oneself) in a particular manner : to agree, correspond, or harmonize:
composed [kəmpóuzd] a. 차분한 : CALM, SELF-POSSESSED : free from agitation; serenely self-possessed
composed ↔ distraught, frenetic distraught 마음이 산란한, 당황한; 정신 착란의, 광기의 frenetic 제정신이 아닌; 열광적인 wildly excited or active; frantic;
frenzied compose ↔ discombobulate discombobulate (계획 등을) 뒤틀리게 하다, 실패하게 하다
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composure ↔ restless
compound [kámpaund] n. 합성, 혼합 또는 그 물질 a combination of two or more elements or parts
soldier : army :: element : compound compound ↔ separate, elemental
compress [kəmprés] v.t. 압축하다 constrict : diameter :: compress : size compression ↔ increase in volume, distention distention 확장하기, 팽창 distend to swell out or expand from or as if from internal pressure
compromise [kɑ mprəmàiz / kɔ m-] n. v. 타협, 화해하다 (명예, 평판, 신용 등을) 위태롭게 하기(하다), 위험에 노출시키기 1. to settle by concessions 2. to expose or make liable to danger, suspicion, or
disrepute mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction prosecution 기소, 고발; 실행, 수행 conviction 유죄 판결; 죄의 자각, 회오
implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle (if A then not B) implacable (미움 등을) 달랠 수 없는, 앙심 깊은, 무자비한 swindle 속여서 빼앗다, 사취하다
intransigent : compromise :: deferential : offend (A하면 B하지 못한) intransigent ↔ open to compromise intransigent 타협하지 않는, 완고한
polemical ↔ compromising polemical 논쟁의
temporize ↔ unwilling to compromise temporize 우물쭈물하다; 순응하다, 시세에 영합하다; 절충하다
compromise ↔ protect from discredit
compunction [kəmpʌ ŋkʃən] n. 양심의 가책, 뉘우침 SCRUPLE 1. anxiety arising from awareness of guilt (penitence) 2. a sting of conscience or a pang of doubt aroused by
wrongdoing or the prospect of wrongdoing (qualm) 예; compunction for former sins 전에 저지른 범죄에 한 뉘우
침 형용사: compunctious
impartial : prejudice :: unshameness : compunction compunction ↔ absence(lack) of misgiving, unrepentant misgiving 의혹, 걱정, 불안, 염려 a feeling of doubt, distrust, or
apprehension
concatenate [kɑnkǽtəneit|k n-] v. (쇠사슬처럼) 연결하다 a. 연결
한, 연쇄상의 v. to connect or link in a series or chain a. connected or linked in a series
concatenate ↔ separate (v, a 모두 해당)
concave [kánkéiv|k n-] adj. 오목한 : curved like the inner surface of a sphere
scoop : concave :: spatula : flat (CHARACTER) spatula (그림물감 등을 펴는)주걱, 프라이 뒤집개
conceal [kənsi:l] v. 감추다; 비 로 하다, (남에게) 알려지지 않게 하다
: to keep from being seen, found, observed, or discovered; hide
conceal ↔ blurt, unearth blurt 불쑥/무심코 말하다 to utter suddenly and impulsively
conceal ↔ betray betray 폭로하다, 나타내다, 배신하다 disclosure ↔ concealment, cover-up, secret
concede [kənsí:d] v. 인정하다, 허용하다 1. to acknowledge, often reluctantly, as being true, just, or
proper; admit 2. to yield or grant (a privilege or right, for example)
concession 양보, 양여, 승인, 용인 concede ↔ refuse to grant concession ↔ aggression, denial
concentrate [kɑ nsəntrèit / kɔ n-] v. 농축시키다, 집결시키다 : FOCUS
concentrate ↔ dilute solution, deploy deploy (부 를) 전개시키다, 배치하다; 분산하다
conceptual [kənsépt∫uəl] adj. 개념의 : of, consisting of, or relating to concepts or conception
conceptual ↔ concrete
concerted [kənsə ːrtid] a. 협력에 의한 : planned or accomplished together; combined
concerted ↔ individually devised, meant to obstruct
concerto [kəntʃértou] n. 협주곡 : a piece for one or more soloists and orchestra with three
contrasting movements
conciliate [kənsílièit] v. 달래다, 회유하다, (존경, 호의를) 얻다, ~을 양립시키다, 일치시키다, 조화시키다, 조정하다
1. to overcome the distrust or animosity of; appease 2. to regain or try to regain (friendship or goodwill) by
pleasant behavior 3. to make or attempt to make compatible; reconcile * reconciliation n. 화해, 중재, 조정, 조화, 일치 * conciliatory adj.
sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive sop 빵 조각; 비위를 맞추기 위해 주는 것, 뇌물 subsidy 보조금, 기부금
reconciliation : harmony :: conciliate ↔ vex, nettle, discontent, rile nettle 안달 나게 하다 to irritate; vex discontent 불만을 품게 하다, 언짢게 하다 rile 화나게 하다 to stir to anger
conciliation ↔ vexation conciliatory ↔ vexing conciliatory ↔ contentious, belligerent contentious 논쟁을 좋아하는, 논쟁을 불러일으키는 belligerent 호전적인, 싸우기 좋아하는; 전쟁 중에 있는, 교전국의
conciliate ↔ aggrieve, aggravate aggrieve 손상하다, 괴롭히다, 고통을 주다
conciliate ↔ alienate
concise [kənsáis] a. 간결한 : expressing much in few words; clear and succinct
synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity distillate 증류액; 농축물, 정수
conciseness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature
conclude [kənklú:d] v. 결말을 짓다, 완결하다; (조약 등을) 채결하다 1. to bring to an end; close 2. to bring about (a final agreement or settlement) 3. to reach a decision or form an opinion about 4. to arrive at (a logical conclusion or end) by the process of
reasoning; infer on the basis of convincing evidence conclude ↔ embark on
concomitant [kɑnkɑ mətənt] a. 부수하는, 공존하는, 동시에 일어나는 : occurring or existing concurrently; attendant
preponderant ↔ concomitant preponderant 능가하는, 우세한, 압도적인 having superior weight,
force, importance, or influence
concord [kɑŋkɔ ːrd] n. 일치, 조화, 친교 : HARMONY 1. harmony or agreement of interests or feelings; accord 2. a treaty establishing peaceful relations
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inconsonant : concord :: scattered : overlap (OPPOSITE) concord ↔ disagreement, dissension, dissonance, rancor, enmity, contention, schism, discrepancy dissension 불화; 싸움, 분쟁 difference of opinion; disagreement dissonance 부조화, 귀에 거슬리는 소리 rancor 원한, 앙심, 증오 bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated
ill will enmity deep-seated, often mutual hatred contention 투쟁, 싸움, 논쟁; 주장, 논지 schism 분열, 분파
concur [kənkə ːr] vi. 동의하다, 일치하다 1. to be of the same opinion; agree 2. to act together; cooperate 3. to occur at the same time; coincide
concur ↔ object, dissent, naysay, take issue, differ, oppose, demur, dispute naysay 거부/반 하다 to say no to; deny or oppose
condemn [kəndém] v.t. 비난하다; 유죄 판결을 내리다 1. to express strong disapproval of 2. to pronounce judgment against; sentence 3. to judge or declare to be unfit for use or consumption,
usually by official order 명사형 : condemnation 심한 비난, 책망
countenance ↔ condemn (*affront(모욕)는 오답) countenance (지지하는) 찬성, 격려, 지지; 용모, 침착, 태연
exaltation ↔ condemnation exalt (명예 등을) 높이다; 칭찬/찬양하다; 의기양양하게 하다
extol, embrace ↔ condemn, impugn, detract impugn 비난하다, 논박하다 to attack as false or questionable;
challenge in argument brevity : epigram :: condemnation : philippic philippic. A verbal denunciation characterized by harsh, often
insulting language; a tirade (명사 단어임)
condense [kəndéns] v. 농축시키다(되다), 간략화하다(되다) 1. to reduce the volume or compass of 2. to make more concise; abridge or shorten
condensed ↔ unabridged
condescending [kɑ ndiséndiŋ / kɔ n-] a. 생색내는 : displaying a patronizingly superior attitude
patronize 단골로 삼다;후원/보조하다;생색을 내는 듯한 태도를 취하다
* condescend v. 1. to descend to the level of one considered inferior; lower 2. to deal with people in a patronizingly superior manner
condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn (EQUAL, 형 : 동) obsequious 아부하는, 추종하는 full of or exhibiting servile
compliance; fawning fawn 비위를 맞추다, 알랑거리다
patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery (EQUAL, 동 : 명) deride 비웃다, 조소하다, 조롱하다
patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL)
condign [kəndáin] a. 마땅한, 적절한 : DESERVED, APPROPRIATE, ADEQUATE
condign ↔ undeserved, unmerited unmerited 분에 넘치는(undeserved), 어울리지 않는; 부당한, 불법
의
condolence [kəndóuləns] n. 애도, 문상 : sympathy with a person who has experienced pain, grief,
or misfortune condolence : sympathy, compassion :: gibe : derision compassion 깊은 동정, 연민 gibe 조롱하다, 우롱하다 n. a derisive remark
condone [kəndóun] v.t. 용서하다, 눈감아주다 : to overlook, forgive, or disregard (an offense) without
protest or censure condone ↔ denounce, exact exact 요구하다, 구하다; 강요하다, 강제하다
conducive [kəndjúːsiv] a. 도움이 되는, ~에 공헌하는 : tending to cause or bring about; contributive
conducive : motivate :: tonic : invigorate conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate foment 유발하다, 조장하다 to promote the growth of; incite tonic a. producing or stimulating physical, mental, or emotional vigor
conductor [kəndʌ ktər] n. 지휘자 conductor : instrumentalist :: director : actor
confederacy [kənfédərəsi] n. 연합, 연맹, 동맹 : ALLIANCE
confess [kənfés] v. 자백하다 1. to disclose (something damaging or inconvenient to
oneself); admit 2. to acknowledge belief or faith in; profess 3. a. to make known (one's sins) to God or to a priest b. to
hear the confession of (a penitent) confession : culpability :: testimonial : appreciation(A is a sign of B, A=expression of B) ** testimonial 은 감사의 말이니까.. appreciation의 성격이 있는건 금방 아실겁니다.. confession을 사전(M. Webster) 에서 찾으면 a disclosure of one's sins, 자신의 죄를 밝히는 것이라고 나와 있습니다. 그리고 culpable 은 GUILTY, CRIMINAL이라고 정의되어있습니다. 그러므로 confession은 culpablity의 성격을 가지고 있는것이지요. 참고로 culpable은 라틴어 culpa - crime, fault, blame - 에 어원이 있습니다. 같은 어원을 가진 단어로는 inculpate 와 exculpate도 있겠죠.(sung 님 2006/12/10)
recantation : error :: confession : crime recant 철회하다, 부인하다 to make a formal retraction or disavowal of
confidant [kɑ nfidǽnt, -dɑ ːnt, kɑ nfidæ nt / kɔ nfidǽnt] n. 믿을만한 사람, 절친한 친구 1. one to whom secrets or private matters are disclosed 2. a character in a drama or fiction, such as a trusted friend
or servant, who serves as a device for revealing the inner thoughts or intentions of a main character
confident [kɑ nfidənt / kɔ n-] a. 자신만만한 confident : timid :: open : shy (OPPOSITE) confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory (A << B) interrogatory [ìntərágətä:ri] asking a question; of the nature of a
question; interrogative interrogative 의문의; 묻고 싶어 하는; 의문문에 쓰이는
confident : arrogant :: wary : paranoid :: frugal : miserly (A << B, B에 안 좋은 뉘앙스)
confine [kənfáin] v.t. 감금하다 1. to keep within bound; restrict 2. to shut or keep in, especially to imprison 3. to restrict in movement
loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception disabuse (오해 등을) 풀어주다, (그릇된 생각을) 바로잡아주다
conflate [kənfléit] v. 하나로 합치다 : to combine (as two readings of a text) into a composite
whole conflate ↔ disseminate disseminate 흩뿌리다, 살포하다; 보급하다, 퍼뜨리다
confluence [kɑ nfluəns / kɔ n-] n. 합류점, 군중 1. a. a flowing together of two or more streams b. the point of juncture of such streams c. the combined stream formed by this juncture 2. a gathering, flowing, or meeting together at one juncture
or point
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confluence : streams :: junction : roads confluence ↔ divergence
conform [kənfɔ ːrm] v. 일치하다, 따르다, 순응하다 1. to correspond in form or character; be similar 2. to act or be in accord or agreement; comply 3. to act in accordance with current customs or modes
incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey incongruent 일치하지 않는, 맞지 않는, 부적당한 recalcitrant 저항하는, 다루기 어려운
conform ↔ gainsay
confound [kənfáund] v. 당황하게 하다; 혼동하다, 잘못하여 동일시하다; 논박하다
1. to cause to become confused or perplexed 2. to fail to distinguish; mix up 3. to make (something bad) worse 4. to cause to be ashamed; abash 5. to damn 6. to frustrate
confound ↔ discriminate between, enlighten, make straightforward, elucidate, make clear, straighten
counfounded ↔ straightforward 당황한(어리둥절한)↔(일 등이)수월한
confront [kənfrʌ nt] v.t. 맞서다 : OPPOSE 1. to come face to face with, especially with defiance or
hostility 2. to bring face to face with 3. to come up against; encounter
craven : confront :: honest : deceive (if A, then not B) craven 겁 많은, 심약한
confront ↔ circumvent circumvent 호위하다, 함정에 빠뜨리다; 우회하다, 모면하다
congeal [kəndʒíːl] v. 굳어지게 하다 : COAGULATE 1. to solidify by or as if by freezing 2. to coagulate; jell
congeal ↔ melt, disintegrate, fail to solidify, liquefy(=liquify)
congenial [kəndʒíːnjəl] a. 마음이 맞는, 취향이 같은, 적합한 : SOCIABLE, GENIAL
1. having the same tastes, habits, or temperament; sympathetic
2. of a pleasant disposition; friendly and sociable 3. sited to one's needs or nature; agreeable
congenial : bonhomie :: dour, grouchy, surly ↔ genial, congenial dour 기분이 언짢은 marked by sternness or harshness; forbidding
congenial ↔ unrelated, not innate
congregate [káŋgrəgeit|kɔ ŋ-] v. 모이다, 집합하다, 모으다 adj. 모인, 집합한
congregate ↔ separate
congruent [kɑ ŋgruənt] a. 부합하는, 합동하는 1. corresponding; congruous 2. (math.) a. coinciding exactly when superimposed b. having a difference divisible by a modulus * congruence n. * congruous [kɑ ngruəs|kɔ ŋ -] a. 일치하는, 적합한; 합동의 1. corresponding in character or kind; appropriate or
harmonious 2. (math.) congruent
congruent : dimension :: coeval : age coeval 같은 시 의 originating or existing during the same period;
lasting through the same era
incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey congruent ↔ disagreeable, antithetical, polemical congruity ↔ variance congruence ↔ disagreement
conjecture [kəndʒéktʃər] n. v. 추측(하다), 추측에 따른 의견 n. 1. inference or judgment based on inconclusive or
incomplete evidence; guesswork 2. a statement, an opinion, or a conclusion based on
guesswork v. To infer from inconclusive evidence; guess
conjecture ↔ restrain from the speculation, facts
connive [kənáiv] v. 공모하다 : CONSPIRE 1. to cooperate secretly in an illegal or wrongful action;
collude 2. to scheme; plot 3. to feign ignorance of or fail to take measures against a
wrong, thus implying tacit encouragement or consent connive : cooperate :: spy : watch (DEFECTIVE) connive : conspirator :: cooperative : partner connive : plan :: confide : tell :: lurk : wait (DEFECTIVE) (delude : defraud 는 오답) uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver (B = A한 사람) uncouth [ʌnkú:θ] 어색한, 꼴불견의; 무례한, 거친; 기괴한 churl 버릇없는 사람; 구두쇠
connoisseur [kɑ nəsə ːr, -súər / kɔ n-] n. 전문 감정가, 전문가, 권위자
1. a person with expert knowledge or training, especially in the fine arts
2. a person of informed and discriminating taste connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine cuisine 요리법, 조리법
connoisseur : excel :: selflessness : altruist :: expertise : connoisseur expertise 전문적 기술/지식
conquest [kɑ ŋkwest / kɔ ŋ-] n. 정복 inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest inexorable 움직이지 않는, 불변의; 냉혹한, 무정한
conscientious [kɑ nʃiénʃəs / kɔ n-] a. 양심적인, 성실한; 세심한, 조심스러운, 철두철미한
1. guided by or in accordance with the dictates of conscience; principled
2. thorough and assiduous assiduous 꾸준한, 끈기 있는, 부지런한
conscientious ↔ careless, remiss, unaware remiss 태만한, 성의 없는; 부주의한, 소홀한 conscience n. 양심 clear one's conscience 마음이 편해지게 하다. for conscience(') sake 마음에 걸려, 양심상; 제발(덕분).
conscious [kɑ n∫əs] 1. a. having an awareness of one's environment and one's
own existence, sensations, and thoughts b. mentally perceptive or alert; awake 2. capable of thought, will, or perception 3. subjectively known or felt 4. intentionally conceived or done; deliberate 5. inwardly attentive or sensible; mindful 6. especially aware of or preoccupied with
conscious ↔ unwitting unwitting 무의식적인, 알아채지 못한; 실수로 저지른, 무심코 한
consensus [kənsénsəs] n. 합의, 일치 : UNANIMITY
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consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion (OPPOSITE) consensus : factionalism :: law : criminality (A prevent B, B lack A) consensus : factionalism :: expedition : foot-dragging expedition 원정, 탐험; 신속, 민활
schism : consensus :: interruption : continuity schism [sízəm] 분열, 분파
consensus ↔ factionalism
consequential [k nsəkwén∫əl] adj. 결과로 일어나는; 중요한, 중한; 거드름 부리는, 자만심 강한
1. following as an effect, result, or conclusion; consequent 2. having important consequences; significant 3. a. important; influential b. pompous; self-important
conservative [kənsə ːrvətiv] a. 보수적인 n. 전통주의자, 보수
적인 사람 bigoted : advice :: conservative : change (A = B에 반대하는) contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious 고집 센, 반항적인 obstinately disobedient or
rebellious; insubordinate hidebound 편협한, 완고한 stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-minded, or
inflexible hidebound : conservative :: maniac : excited (A >> B) revisionist : challenge : conservative : uphold revisionsim 수정론 revisionist 수정주의자
uphold (반대, 비판 등에 대항하여) ~을 지지(후원)하다
conservatory [kənsə ːrvətɔ ːri / -təri] n. 음악/예술 학교 conservatory : music :: seminary : theology seminary 신학교
conserve [kənsə ːrv] v. 보존하다 : to avoid wasteful or destructive use of
conserve ↔ waste, squander, exhaust squander 낭비하다; 흩뿌리다, 분산시키다 to spend wastefully or
extravagantly; dissipate
considerable [kənsídərəbəl] a. 중요한, 상당한: SIGNIFICANT 1. large in amount, extent, or degree 2. worthy of consideration; significant * inconsiderable 수롭지 않은, 하찮은, 사소한 * consider v.
restive : calm :: piddling : considerable (OPPOSITE) restive 다루기 힘든, 고집 센; 들뜬, 안절부절 못하는 piddling 사소한, 하찮은 so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's
consideration consider ↔ table table 테이블 위에 놓다; 기입하다, 정리하다; (결의 등을) 연기/보
류하다
consignment [kənsáinmənt] n. 위탁, 탁송 *consign v. 인도하다, 맡기다; 할당하다; 위탁하다, 부탁하다 1. to give over to the care of another; entrust 2. to turn over permanently to another's charge or to a
lasting condition; commit irrevocably 3. to deliver (merchandise, for example) for custody or sale 4. to set apart, as for a special use or purpose; assign
consignment : invoice :: invoice 송장, 구매서; (송장에 적힌) 화물 itemize; to set down item by item; list
consistent [kənsístənt] a. 일치하는, 조화되는, 일관된, 접하게 결합된
1. In agreement; compatible: The testimony was consistent with the known facts
2. Being in agreement with itself; coherent and uniform: a consistent pattern of behavior
3. Reliable; steady: demonstrated a consistent ability to impress the critics
inconspicuous : overlook :: consistent : predict
console [kənsóul] v. 위로하다 : COMFORT : to allay the sorrow or grief of
embarrass : shame :: console : comfort (A = B하게하는 행동) console : grief :: perturb : serenity :: disturb : serenity :: alleviate : intensity (A remove B)
console ↔ aggravate grief
consolidate [kənsɑ lədèit / -sɔ l-] v.t. 합병하다, 강화하다 : UNITE
1. to unite into one system or whole; combine 2. to make strong or secure; strengthen 3. to make firm or coherent; form into a compact mass
consolidation ↔ fragmentation consolidate ↔ dissolve
consonance [kɑ nsənəns / kɔ n-] n. 일치, 조화; 협화음 1. agreement; harmony; accord 2. a. close correspondence of sounds b. the repetition of consonants or of a consonant pattern
inconsonant : concord :: scatter : overlap (OPPOSITE) consonant ↔ dissentient, dissonant, discrepant dissentient [disénʃjənt] 의견을 달리하는 dissonant (소리가) 조화되지 않는, 불협화음의; 상반되는, 모순되는
consonance ↔ discrepancy discrepancy 차이, 어긋남; 모순, 불일치
inconsonant ↔ in agreement
conspicuous [kənspíkjuəs] a. 눈에 띄는 : STRIKING 1. easy to notice; obvious 2. attracting attention, as by being unusual or remarkable;
noticeable ↔ inconspicuous
inconspicuous : overlook :: tractable : lead :: consistent : predictable (A하면 B하기 쉽다)
authoritative : acceptance :: conspicuous : attention conspicuous : see :: transparent : understand hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous hermitage 은둔지, 은신처; 은둔 생활
conspicuous : sheltered :: (OPPOSITE) blatant, salient, prominent ↔ inconspicuous salient 두드러진, 현저한; 튀어나온, 돌출한
conspicuous ↔ nondescript nondescript 뭐라 말할 수 없는, 막연한
conspire [kənspáiər] v. 공모하다, 음모를 꾸미다; 함께하다, 협력하다 1. to plan together secretly to commit an illegal or wrongful
act or accomplish a legal purpose through illegal action 2. to join or act together; combine
uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver (B = A한 사람) conspire : plan :: purloin : take :: infiltrate : enter :: abscond : depart conspire : cooperate :: spy : watch
constancy [kɑ nst:ənsi] n. 1. steadfastness, as in purpose or affection; faithfulness 2. the condition or quality of being constant; changelessness * constant a. * inconstant a. 변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운
constant : stalwart :: judicious : sage inconstant ↔ equable, invariant, steady, steadfast constancy ↔ turncoat turncoat 배반자, 변절자
constellation [kɑ nstəléiʃən / kɔ n-] n. 별자리, 성좌 constellation : star :: chord : note :: bouquet : flower
consternation [kanstə:rnéi∫ən] n. 경실색, 경악
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: a state of paralyzing dismay consternation ↔ composure composure 침착, 평정
constitute [kɑ nstətjùːt / kɔ n-] v.t. 구성하다; 제정하다;임명하다 1. a. to be the elements or parts of; compose b. to amount to; equal 2. a. to set up or establish according to law or provision b. to found (an institution, for example) c. to enact (a law or regulation) 3. to appoint to an office, dignity, function, or task;
designate constitute ↔ abdicate
constrained [kənstréind] a. 억압된, 강요된 constrain ↔ release constrained ↔ intemperate intemperate 음주에 빠진, 폭음하는, 무절제한
constringe [kənstríndʒ] v. 죄다, 압착하다, 수축시키다 : to cause to contract; constrict
commodious ↔ constringed
construct [kənstrʌ kt] v. 조립/건설/구성하다 1. to form by assembling or combining parts; build 2. to create an argument or a sentence, for example) by
systematically arranging ideas or terms construct : remodel :: compose : edit
consultation [kɑ nsəltéiʃən / kɔ n-] n. 상담 : the act or process of consulting
consummate [kɑ nsəmèit/kɔ n-]/[kənsʌ mət] v. 달성하다, 완료하다 adj. 완전한, 신기에 가까운, 교양이 있는, (나쁜 일이) 순전한 예; consummate a marriage / consummate skill 신기 / a consummate liar 거짓말의 명수 1. 동사 a. to bring to completion or fruition; conclude b. to realize or achieve; fulfill 2. 형용사 a. complete or perfect in every respect b. supremely accomplished or skilled c. complete; utter
consummate ↔ incomplete, unfinished, worst (s/c용) consummate ↔ abrogate 류 단어 (s/c용) consummate ↔ amateurish
contagious [kəntéidʒəs] a. 전염성의 : CATCHING 1. of or relating to contagion 2. transmissible by direct or indirect contact; communicable 3. capable of transmitting disease; carrying a disease 4. spreading or tending to spread from one to another;
infectious sprain : injury :: cold : contagion (A ∈ B) sprain (발목, 손목 등을) 삐다
contagious ↔ incommunicable
contaminate [kəntǽmənèit] v.t. 오염시키다 hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination :: safeguard : accident quarantine (질f병 예방을 위한) 격리
contaminate ↔ purify
contemplate [kɑ ntəmplèit / kɔ ntem-] v.t. 주의 깊게 관찰하다; 심사숙고하다
1. to look at attentively and thoughtfully 2. to consider carefully and at length; meditate on or
ponder 3. to have in mind as an intention or possibility
contempt [kəntémpt] n. 경멸 : DISDAIN
1. disparaging or haughty disdain, as for something base or unworthy; scorn
2. the state of being despised or dishonored; disgrace 3. open disrespect or willful disobedience of the authority of
a court of law or legislativ body measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly measly 지저분한, 더러운 puny [pjú:ni] 아주 작은, 하찮은, 보잘것없는 of inferior size, strength,
or significance; weak contemptuous : scornfulness contempt : libel :: redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard redoubtable 가공할, 존경할 만한 despicable 천한, 비열한 deserving of contempt or scorn; vile
wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt wince 주춤하다, 움츠러들다 to shrink or start involuntarily, as in pain
or distress pout 삐죽거리다, 뿌루퉁하다 to exhibit displeasure or disappointment
contemptible ↔ estimable estimable 존경할 만한, 칭송해야 할; 평가할 수 있는
content [kəntént] a. 만족한, 안도하는 =contented v. n. 만족(시키다)
disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction, commitment :: anxious : serenity (반대) disaffected 불만을 품은, 불충실한 resentful and rebellious, especially
against authority gripe : discontent :: praise : admiration gripe 괴롭히다, 안달나게 하다; (배를) 몹시 아프게 하다; 꽉 쥐다
admiration : praise:: discontent: complain content ↔ disaffected restiveness ↔ contentment restive 다루기 힘든, 고집 센; 차분하지 못한, 들뜬, 안절부절 못하는
contented ↔ avaricious
contention [kəntén∫ən] n. 말다툼, 투쟁, 싸움, 논쟁; 주장 1. the act or an instance of striving in controversy or debate 2. a striving to win in competition; rivalry 3. an assertion put forward in argument
contention ↔ general agreement, concurrence, accord, concordance concurrence 동의, 찬성 accord 조화, 일치
contentious [kənténʃəs] a. 논쟁적인, 싸우기 좋아하는 1. given to contention; quarrelsome 2. involving or likely to cause contention; controversial
meddlesome : pry :: contentious : argue (EQUAL, 형 : 동) contentious ↔ conciliatory, friendly, agreeable
contiguous [kəntígjuəs] adj. 인접하고 있는, 이웃한; 연속적인 1. sharing an edge or boundary; touching 2. neighboring; adjacent 3. a. connecting without a break b. connected in time; uninterrupted
contiguous : abut :: simultaneous : coincide
contingent [kəntíndʒənt] a. 의존적인, ∼을 조건으로 하는; 일어
날 수 있는; 우발적인, 불확실한 1. liable to occur but not with certainty; possible 2. dependent on conditions or occurrences not yet
established; conditional 3. happening by chance or accident
contingent on:dependent on STH that may or may not happen
continence [kɑ ntənəns / kɔ n-] n. 절제, 금욕 1. self-restraint; moderation. 2. voluntary control over urinary and fecal discharge.
continence ↔ indulgence
continuous
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1. uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent 2. attached together in repeated units
continuity ↔ disjunction
contort [kəntɔ :rt] v. 비틀다, 일그러뜨리다; 찌푸리다; 곡해/왜곡하다 to twist, wrench, or bend severely out of shape
contortion : body :: grimace : face grimace [gríməs] 찡그린 상, 우거지상
contract [kɑ ntrækt] v. 긴장시키다, 찡그리다; 축소/단축하다; 계약을 맺다; 발생시키다, 초래하다 1. to enter into by contract; establish or settle by formal
agreement 2. to acquire or incur 3. a. to reduce in size by drawing together; shrink b. to pull together; wrinkle
contract : implode :: descend : plummet
contradictory [kɑ ntrədíktəri / kɔ n-] a. 모순되는 paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise (CHARACTER)
contravene [kɑ ntrəvíːn / kɔ n-] v. 위반하다; 반 하다, 방해하
다 : CONTRADICT 1. to act or be counter to; violate 2. to oppose in argument; gainsay
contravene ↔ support, buttress, uphold
contretemps [kɑ ntrətɑ ːŋ / kɔ n-] n. 뜻밖의 사건, 재앙 : an unforeseen event that disrupts the normal course of
things; an inopportune occurrence contretemps ↔ felicity
contrite [kəntráit, kɑ ntrait / kɔ ntrait] a. 죄를 뉘우치는 1. feeling regret and sorrow for one's sins or offenses;
penitent 2. arising from or expressing contrition
apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed apologize : contrite :: vacillate : irresolute, hesitant contrite ↔ impenitent, unapologetic
contrive [kəntráiv] v. 1. to plan with cleverness or ingenuity; devise 연구하다, 고
안하다 2. to invent or fabricate, especially by improvisation 3. to plan with evil intend; scheme 획책하다, 꾀하다 4. to bring about, as by scheming; manage 용케 ...하다 contrived Obviously planned or calculated; not
spontaneous; labored contrived : design :: (EQUAL, 형 : 명 or 동) contrived ↔ natural, genuine, spontaneous
control [kəntróul] n. 조군 : an individual or group used as a standard of comparison in
a control experiment control ↔ group experimented on
controvert [kántrəvə:rt] v. 논박하다, 논쟁하다 : to raise arguments against; voice opposition to
controvert ↔ substantiate substantiate 입증하다; 구체화하다, 실현하다
contumacious [kɑ ntjuméiʃəs / kɔ n-] a. 고집 센, (명령, 권위 등에) 반항적인 : REBELLIOUS
: obstinately disobedient or rebellious; insubordinate contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty hidebound 편협한, 완고한; 몹시 보수적인 stubbornly prejudiced,
narrow-minded, or inflexible
contumacious ↔ obedient
conundrum [kənʌ ndrəm] n. 수수께끼, 난문 1. a riddle in which a fanciful question is answered by a pun 2. a paradoxical, insoluble, or difficult problem; a dilemma
conundrum : solve :: tangle : unravel :: dilemma : ??? (A = B하기 어려운) unravel 풀다, 끄르다; 해명하다
conundrum : perplexing :: polemic : contentious (성격) (countermand : invalid는 오답) countermand 철회 명령, 주문의 취소
convalesce [kɑ nvəlés / kɔ n-] vi. 건강을 회복하다 : to return to health and strength after illness; recuperate
recuperate 회복하다, 재기하다 recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce recidivism 상습적인 비행/타락 relapse 되돌아가다, 다시 타락하다, 퇴보하다 rehabilitation 사회 복귀; 재건, 부흥; 복직, 명예 회복
convene [kənví:n] v. (의회 등을) 소집하다 to come together usually for an official or public purpose;
assemble formally convene ↔ adjourn
convenience [kənvíːnjəns] n. 형편이 좋을 때 1. the quality of being suitable to one's comfort, purposes, or
needs 2. personal comfort or advantage 3. something that increases comfort or saves work
opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience (EQUAL) opportune 적절한, 형편이 좋은, 시기적절한 suited or right for a
particular purpose opportune ↔ inconvenient
convention [kənvénʃən] n. 관습, 관례 overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention discreet 지각/분별 있는, 신중한, 조심스러운
eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated doyen [dɔ iən] 고참자 a man who is the oldest or senior member of a
group uninitiated 미숙한, 풋내기의 not knowledgeable or skilled;
inexperienced offbeat ↔ conventional ossify ↔ transcend conventions ossify 경화시키다 to become set in a rigidly conventional pattern transcend 넘다, 초월하다, 능가하다
convergent [kənvə ːrdʒənt] a. 수렴하는 : CONVERGING : tending to move toward one point or to approach each
other converge ↔ spread out, ramify ramify 가지 모양으로 갈라지다, 분지하다 to have complicating
consequences or outgrowths convergent ↔ moving apart discrepancy ↔ convergence discrepancy 차이, 어긋남 divergence or disagreement, as between
facts or claims; difference
conversant [kənvə ːrsənt, kɑ nvər- / kɔ nvər-] a. 정통한 : familiar, as by study or experience * conversance
conversant ↔ unfamiliar, ignorant conversance ↔ lack of familiarity
convert [kənvə ːrt] v.t. 개종시키다 n. 개종자, 전향자 : to bring over from one belief, view, or party to another
veer : direction :: convert : belief veer 방향을 바꾸다, 전환하다 to turn aside from a course, direction,
or purpose
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proselytizer : convert :: grandstand : impress (A = B하는 사람, A=B) proselytize [prásəlitàiz] 변절시키다, 개종시키다
salesperson : buy :: proselytizer : convert :: swindler : cheat :: mediator : reconcile :: grandstand : impress
four-poster : bed :: convertible : automobile (A ∈ B) four-poster 4주식 침
convert ↔ hold, remain
convex [kɑnvéks, kən- / kɔnvéks] adj. 볼록한 : having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges
outward, as the exterior of a sphere convex ↔ dent
convey [kənvéi] v.t. 전달하다, 운반하다 collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey collude 공모하다 to act together secretly to achieve a fraudulent,
illegal, or deceitful purpose splint : immobilize :: duct : convey
conviction [kənvíkʃən] n. 유죄 판결, 확신 1. (law) a. the judgment of a jury or judge that a person is
guilty of a crime as charged b. the state of being found or proved guilty
2. a. the act or process of convincing b. the state of being convinced 3. a fixed or strong belief
disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction (A lack B) disaffected resentful and rebellious, especially against authority
mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction (A → B) prosecution 기소, 고발; 실행, 수행
cogent ↔ unconvincing cogent 설득력이 있는; 정곡을 찌르는, 적절한
convivial [kənvíviəl] a. 연회의, 친목적인; 명랑한, 쾌활한 1. fond of feasting, drinking, and good company; sociable 2. merry; festive
convivial : social ::
convoke [kənvóuk] v. 소집하다 : to cause to assemble in a meeting; convene
convoke ↔ adjourn
convoluted [kɑ nvəlùːtid / kɔ n-] a. 뒤얽힌, 복잡한 : INVOLVED, INTRICATE
1. having numerous overlapping coils or folds 2. intricate; complicated
convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience :: transient : evanescence (EQUAL, 형:명) ephemeral 덧없는, 단명의 lasting for a markedly brief time evanescent 덧없는, 무상한; 근소한, 눈에 잘 안 띄는 vanishing or
likely to vanish like vapor convoluted : simplicity :: threadbare, timeworn : novelty (A는 B가 없음, 부족) threadbare 아주 낡은, 닳아빠진; 초라한 timeworn 오래된, 낡은; 케케묵은, 진부한
convoluted ↔ straightforward
convulsion [kənvʌ lʃən] n. 경련, 발작; 격동, 동요 1. an intense, paroxysmal, involuntary muscular
contraction 2. an uncontrolled fit, as of laughter; a paroxysm 3. violent turmoil
paroxysm 발작, 경련; 격발 a sudden outburst of emotion or action convulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion frenzy 열광, 광란, 격앙 a state of violent mental agitation or wild
excitement
coop [ku(ː)p] n. 닭장 : an enclosure or cage, as for poultry or small animals
corral : horses :: coop : chickens corral (말, 소 등을 가두는) 울타리
cooperate [kouɑ pər?t|-ɔ p-] v. 협력(협동)하다 cooperate : connive :: take : steal cooperative : conspire ::
copious [kóupiəs] a. 아주 풍부한 1. yielding or containing plenty; affording ample supply 2. large in quantity; abundant 3. abounding in matter, thoughts, or words; wordy
wordy 말 수가 많은, 장황한; 말의, 말에 의한 copious : abundant :: copious ↔ sparse, dearth, meager, scanty
coquette [koukét] n. 바람난 여자 (flirt) supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious beseech 탄원하다, 간청하다 to address an earnest or urgent request
to; implore
cord [kɔːrd] n. 새끼, 끈; 구속; 장작의 용적 단위 [1코드 = 128 입방 피트]
ream : paper :: cord : wood :: acre : land :: volt : electricity :: quart : liquid ream 연(連) [종이의 거래 단위, 美500장]
cordon [kɔ ːrdn] n. 경계선, 초병선; 장식 끈 1. a line of people, military posts, or sips stationed around an
area to enclose or guard it 2. a cord or braid worn as a fastening or an ornament 3. a ribbon usually worn diagonally across the brest as a
badge of honor or a decoration levee : river :: cordon : crowd levee 제방, 둑
cornucopia [kɔ ːrnjukóupiə] n. 풍요, 풍부; (그리스 신화) 풍요의 뿔 : ABUNDANCE
cornucopia : abundance :: mace : authority (A = B의 상징) mace (직책을 상징하는) 職杖 (왕들이 들고 있었던 봉 같은 것)
cornucopia ↔ dearth, lack, pittance, modicum, paucity pittance 적은 생활비/수입; 소량
corona [kəróunə] n. 코로나, (태양, 달의) 무리 corona : sun :: atmosphere : planet
coronation [kɔ ːrənéiʃən, kɑ r-] n. 관식 : the act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign or the
sovereign's consort coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage reign 통치 기간, 치세; 통치, 지배
corporeal [kɔːrpɔ ːriəl] a. 실체적인, 신체의 : SUBSTANTIAL 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of the body 2. of material nature; tangible
corporeal ↔ intangible, disembodied, spiritual, immaterial disembody 육체에서 분리시키다
incorporeal ↔ incarnate incarnate [inká:rnit] 육체를 가진, 화신(化身)한; 구체화된
corpulent [kɔ :rpjələnt|kɔ :pju-] a. 비만한, 뚱뚱한(건강하지 못한 뉘앙스) ; excessively fat
corpulent ↔ emaciated, thin, gaunt
corral [kərǽl / kɔrɑ ːl] n. 목장 1. an enclosure for confining livestock 2. an enclosure formed by a circle of wagons for defense
against attack during an encampment corral : horses :: coop : chickens
correlative [kəréłətiv|k -] adj. (상관) 관계가 있는 related; corresponding
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correlative ↔ irrelative, unrelated
corroborate [kərɑ bərèit / -rɔ b-] v.t. (신념 등을) 강하게 하다; 확증하다 : to support with evidence or authority
corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood calumniate 중상하다, 비방하다 to make maliciously or knowingly
false statements about corroborate ↔ lessening of certainty corroborate ↔ deny, controvert controvert 반박/논박하다, 부정하다, 반 하다
corrosive [kəróusiv] n. 부식제 a. 부식성의; 신랄한 adj. 1. having the capability or tendency to cause corrosion 2. gradually destructive; steadily harmful 3. spitefully sarcastic
etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive (CHARACTER)
corrugate [kɔ ːrəgèit] v. 주름을 잡다 : to shape into folds or parallel and alternating ridges and
grooves corrugated ↔ smooth corrugated [kɔːrəgèitid, kár- / kɔ rə-] adj. 물결무늬가 있는 : to
shape into folds or parallel and alternating ridges and grooves. corrugated ↔ smooth
corrupt [kərʌ pt] 1. marked by immorality and perversion; depraved 부정한,
타락한 2. venal; dishonest 3. containing errors or alterations, as a text 원형이 손상된,
와전된 perversion 곡해, 왜곡, 오용; 악화, 저하 pervert 빗나가다, 그르치다; 타락/부패시키다 venal 매수되기 쉬운, 돈을 보고 움직이는; 부패한, 타락한
corruption ↔ purity
cosmopolitan [kɑ zməpɑ lətən / kɔ zməpɔ l-] a. 보편적인, 편견 없는 : having worldwide rather than limited or provincial scope
or bearing bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan (OPPOSITE, 명 : 형) tolerant 관 한, 너그러운
bigoted : tolerance :: servile : domination servile 노예의; 노예근성의, 천한, 굽실거리는, 아첨하는 abjectly
submissive; slavish insularity ↔ cosmopolitanism insular ↔ cosmopolitan insular [ínsjələr] 섬의; 섬 모양의, 고립된; 섬나라 근성의, 편협한
cosset [kɑ sit / kɔ s-] v. 애지중지하다, 응석받이로 기르다 : PAMPER n. 애완동물
: to treat as a pet cosset : denounce :: cosset ↔ slight cosset ↔ bemean, ignore, denounce, mistreat cosseted ↔ unspoiled (중국 1회)
coterie [kóutəri] n. 공통의 취미/흥미를 가진 그룹, 동인 : an intimate and often exclusive group of persons with a
unifying common interest or purpose : a small, often select group of persons who associate with
one another frequently coterie : group :: (A ∈ B) coterie: intimate :: flock : bird, sheep (A는 B의 그룹) intimate n. 절친한 친구
countenance [káuntənəns] v. 찬성, 지지하다, 용인하다, 묵인하
다 n. 안색, 용모; 격려, 지지 : SANCTION : to give or express approval to n. 1. appearance, especially the expression of the face
2. the face or facial features 3. a. a look or expression indicative of encouragement or of
moral support b. support or approval
countenance : toleration :: demur : objection (EQUAL) countenance ↔ condemn, forbid, refuse to approve, refuse to tolerate, regard with disfavor
counterfeit [káuntərfìt] n. 위조, 가짜 : FORGED 1. to make a copy of, usually with the intent to defraud; forge 2. to make a pretense of; feign
sophism : reasoning :: counterfeit : money sophism [sáfizəm] 궤변, 아전인수
countermand [kàuntərmǽnd, -mɑ ːnd] v. (명령 등을) 철회하다, 취소하다
1. to cancel or reverse (a previously issued command or order)
2. to recall by a contrary order countermand : order :: rescind : law :: revoke : license rescind (법령, 협정 등을) 폐지하다 to make void; repeal or annul revoke (약속, 허가, 동의 등을) 무효로 하다, 파기하다
counterpart [káuntərpɑ ːrt] n. 사본, 복사물 : DUPLICATE 1. a. one that closely resembles another b. one that has the same functions and characteristics as
another; an opposite number 2. a copy or duplicate of a legal paper 3. a. one of two parts that fit and complete each other b. one that serves as a complement
couple [kʌ pəl] n. v 연결하다, 둘을 하나로 하다, 짝이 되다, 결합하다 1. to link together; connect 2. a. to join as spouses; marry b. to join in sexual union
couple ↔ disconnect couple ↔ divide
couplet [kʌ plit] n. 2행 연구(聯句), 구(對句) : DISTICH unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually
rhyming and having the same meter and often forming a complete thought or syntactic unit
couplet : sentence ::
courageous adj. 용감한 : having or characterized by courage; valiant
courageous ↔ diffident
court [kɔːrt] n. v. 아첨, 구애(하다) 1. a. to attempt to gain; seek b. to behave so as to invite or incur 2. to try to gain the love or affections of, especially to seek to
marry 3. to attempt to gain the favor of by attention or flattery
court ↔ repel intentionally, repulse intentionally, snub, reject, shun snub 핀잔을 주다; 거절하다
spurn ↔ court, crave, embrace spurn 퇴짜 놓다, 거절하다 to reject disdainfully or contemptuously;
scorn crave 갈망하다, 간청하다
courtesy [kɔ ːrtəsi] n. 예의바름, 공손함; 묵인, 동의 1. a. polite behavior b. a polite gesture or remark 2. a. consent or agreement in spite of fact; indulgence b. willingness or generosity in providing something needed
courtroom [kɔ ːrtrù(ː)m] 법정
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lawyer : courtroom (법정) :: gladiator : arena lawyer : court :: (법원)
coven [kʌ vən, kóu-] n. 13인의 마녀단; (일반적인) 집회 retainer : retinue :: witch : coven retainer 보유자, 보유물; 신하, 종자 retinue (집합적) 일행, 수행원 the retainers or attendants
accompanying a high-ranking person retinue : attendant :: coven : witch
covert [kóuvə:rt] adj. 감추어진, 비 의 1. not openly practice, avowed, engaged in, accumulated,
or shown 2. covered or covered over; sheltered
covert ↔ overt, open overt 공공연한, 명백한
covetous [kʌ vitəs] a. 탐욕스러운 1. excessively and culpably desirous of the possessions of
another 2. marked by extreme desire to acquire or possess
troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious :: enthusiastic : mania (A << B) troubled (얼굴, 목소리 등이) 불안한; (마음이) 어수선한 distraught 마음이 산란해진, 몹시 동요된, 미칠 듯한; 광기의, 미친 rapacious 강탈하는, 착취하는; 탐욕스러운, 만족할 줄 모르는
covetous : desire :: prodigal : spend (A >> B) paltry : covert :: despicable : admire paltry 시시한, 하찮은; 비천한, 천박한, 비열한 (OPPOSITE)
cow [kau] v. (협박, 폭력 등으로) 위협하다, 으르다(intimidate) : to destroy the resolve or courage of
cow ↔ hearten, embolden cowed ↔ undaunted undaunted 두려워하지 않는 not discouraged or disheartened;
resolutely courageous embolden ↔ abash, faze, cow abash 당황하게 하다, 부끄럽게 하다 to make ashamed or uneasy;
disconcert faze 곤란하게 하다, 당황하게 하다 to disrupt the composure of;
disconcert
coward [káuərd] n. 겁쟁이, 비겁자 a. 겁 많은, 소심한 : n. one who shows ignoble fear in the face of danger or
pain cowardice 겁. 소심
coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate obfuscate 혼란시키다, 어리둥절하게 하다; 알기 어렵게 하다
cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize 겁 : 상대방을 겁먹게하다 :: 화 : 상대방을 화나게하다
pluck ↔ cowardice pluck 잡아 뜯음, 휙 당김; 용기
cower [káuər] vi. (두렵거나 부끄러워) 움츠리다, 위축되다 : to cringe in fear
fear : cower :: anger : rant (A는 B하게 한다) rant 호언장담하다, 큰소리치다; 몹시 꾸짖다 to utter with violence
or extravagance cower ↔ bristle, brazenly confront, advance brashly bristle (털 등이) 곤두서다; 노기를 띠다
coy [kɔi] a. 수줍어하는, 부끄럼을 타는; 부끄러운 척 하는, 아양
을 떠는 RESERVED 1. tending to avoid people and social situations; reserved 2. affectedly and usually flirtatiously shy or modest 3. annoyingly unwilling to make a commitment
coy ↔ blatant, brash, brass, brazen, impudent coy ↔ frank, unabashed, immodest
cozen [kʌ zn] v. 속여서 빼앗다, 환심을 사서 자기 것으로 만들다
1. to mislead by means of a petty trick or fraud; deceive 2. to persuade or induce to do something by cajoling or
wheedling 3. to obtain by deceit or persuasion
credulous : cozen :: tractable : control (A는 B하기 쉬운) cozen ↔ deal with forthrightly
craft [kræft / krɑːft] n. 기교, 솜씨; 능숙, 능란; (집합적) 동업자
들 : DEXTERITY 1. skill in doing or making something, as in the arts;
proficiency 2. skill in evasion or deception; guile 3. a. an occupation or trade requiring manual dexterity or
skilled artistry b. the membership of such an occupation or trade; guild
cramp [kræmp] a. v. 비좁은, 속박시키다 : CONFINE, RESTRAIN v. 1. to hold together with a cramp 2. to shut in so closely as to restrict the physical freedom of
commodious ↔ constricted, cramped cramped ↔ comfortable, uncongested
cranky adj. 성미가 까다로운; 변덕스러운; 꼬불꼬불한 1. having a bad disposition; peevish 2. having eccentric ways; odd 3. full of bends and turns; crooked 4. working unpredictably; erratic 5. rickety; loose
crass [kræs] a. 세련되지 못한; 둔한, 어리석은 : crude and unrefined as to be lacking in discrimination and
sensibility crass ↔ refined
crate [kreit] n. 나무상자, 바구니 envelope : letter :: crate : produce (pp3)
crave [kreiv] v. 열망/갈망하다; 구하다, 간절히 원하다 1. to have an intense desire for 2. to need urgently; require 3. to beg earnestly for; implore
craven [kréivən] a. 겁 많은, 비겁한 n. 비겁자 v. 기 죽이다 : lacking the least bit of courage
craven : admirable :: deft : awkward (OPPOSITE) craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift parsimonious 검약하는, 인색한 excessively sparing or frugal spendthrift 낭비하는, 방탕한(prodigal) wasteful or extravagant
craven : heroic :: volatile : constant :: permanent : erratic (OPPOSITE) erratic 별난, 과상한; 변덕스러운, 침착하지 못한
craven : confront :: honest : deceive (A하면 B하지 않는다) dastard : craven :: dupe : gullible dastard 비겁자, 겁쟁이
craven ↔ valorous valorous 용기 있는, 씩씩한 marked by or possessing great personal
bravery; valiant valiant 용감한, 씩씩한; 영웅적인; 가치 있는, 멋진, 훌륭한
craving [kréiviŋ] n. 강한 갈망, 열망 : an intense, urgent, or abnormal desire or longing
terror : fear :: craving : desire (A >> B) crave : longing :: exult : satisfaction exult 기뻐 날뛰다, 환희하다 to rejoice greatly; be jubilant or
triumphant spurn ↔ court, crave, embrace craving ↔ aversion, spurn spurn n. 퇴짜, 일축, v. 퇴짜 놓다, 거절하다
crease [krí:s] n. 접은 자국, 주름 : a line made by pressing, folding, or wrinkling
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crease : folding :: hole : perforating (B make A)
credence [kríːdəns] n. 신용, 신뢰, 신임 credence ↔ disbeliever, distrust, doubt, skepticism credence ↔ dislodgement, misplacement
credulous [krédʒuləs] adj. 쉽사리 믿는, 잘 속는 1. disposed to believe too readily; gullible 2. arising from or characterized by credulity * incredulity n. 잘 믿지 않음, 의심 많음, 불신, 회의
credulous : cozen :: tractable : control cozen 속여서 빼앗다/시키다
skeptic : credulous :: penitent : obdurate (OPPOSITE) incredulous : persuade :: (A이면 B하기 힘든) credulity ↔ skepticism incredulity ↔ faith (sincerity, gullibility는 오답)
creek [kriːk, krik] n. 시내, 샛강 hill : mountain :: creek : river :: pebble : rock (A << B) * stream > creek > brook > rivulet, streamlet, rill
creep [kriːp] v. 서행하다, 기다 : to go very slowly; to go timidly or cautiously so as to
escape notice creep ↔ moved swiftly (동) creep ↔ swift/quick movement (명)
crescendo [kriʃéndou] n. 점점 세어지기; v. 강해지다, 세어지다 a. gradually increasing in volume, force, or intensity
crescendo : sound :: acceleration : tempo crescendo ↔ decrease in volume
crest [krest] n. 마루[파도의 정점],(새 등의)볏, (투구의) 깃장식, (산의) 정상
crest : wave :: summit, peak : mountain
crestfallen [krestfɔ ːlən] a. 풀 죽은, 낙심한 : DEJECTED : dispirited and depressed; dejected
crestfallen ↔ ecstatic, elated, euphoric, exultant, jubilant ecstatic 무아지경에 빠진; 황홀한, 기뻐 날뛰는 ⇒ ecstasy 무아,
황홀경 euphoria 행복감 exultant 기뻐 날뛰는, 환희하는, 의기양양한 marked by great joy or
jubilation; triumphant jubilant 매우 기뻐하는 exultingly joyful; expressing joy
crime [kraim] crime : theft :: crime : peccadillo :: quarrel : tiff (A>>B)
cringe [krindʒ] v. (겁이 나서) 움츠리다; 굽실거리다, 아첨하다 1. to shrink back, as in fear; cower 2. to behave in a servile way; fawn
criterion [kraití(:)əriən] n. 기준, 표준, 척도 : a standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision
can be based pl. criteria [kraitíəriə] n. 규준 : a standard on which a judgment or decision may be based
cronyism [króunizəm] n. 연줄에 의한 등용 : favoritism shown to old friends without regard for their
qualifications, as in political appointments to office nepotism 친족 등용, 족벌주의
nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friend nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud (A ∈ B) embezzle 횡령하다 to take (money, for example) for one's own use
in violation of a trust fraud 사기, 협잡; 책략, 배신; 사기 행위, 부정 수단
croon [kruːn] v. 흥얼거리다, 읊조리다
1. to hum or sing softly 2. to sing popular songs in a soft, sentimental manner
croon : sing :: murmur : speak croaking : croon :: croak n. v. 쉰 소리(로 말하다), 깍깍 울다, 깍깍 우는 소리
crop [krɑp / krɔp] n. 농작물, 수확물; 수확고 : COLLECTION 1. a. cultivated plants or agricultural produce, such as grain,
vegetables, or fruit b. the total yield of such produce in a particular season or
place 2. a group, quantity, or supply appearing at one time
crotchety [krát∫iti|krɔ t∫-] a. 변덕스러운, 꾀까다로운; 기발한 capriciously stubborn or eccentric; perverse
crotchety ↔ genial, sweet, yielding, stable
crouch [krautʃ] v. 웅크리다, 굽실거리다 n. 웅크린 자세, 웅크리기 1. a. to stoop, especially with the knees bent b. to pres the entire body close to the ground with the limbs
bent 2. to bend servilely or timidly; cringe
crouch : spring :: hover : plunge (OPPOSITE) crouch ↔ stand upright crouch ↔ erect crouch ↔ erect posture, upright posture
crown [kraun] v.t. 왕위에 오르다 inaugurate : president :: install : official :: crown : king inaugurate 취임시키다 [美 통령 취임]; 개회식을 하다; 발족시키
다, 창시하다 install 설치하다; 임명하다, 취임시키다
crucial [krúːʃəl] a. 결정적인 : DECISIVE 1. extremely significant or important 2. vital to the resolution of a crisis; decisive
relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious (A << B) crucial ↔ inconsequential consequential 결과로 일어나는; 중요한, 중 한
peripheral ↔ crucial
crude [kruːd] a. 천연 그 로의, 가공하지 않은; 미숙한, 조잡한; 세련되지 못한, 조심성 없는 1. being in an unrefined or natural state; raw 2. lacking tact, refinement, or taste 3. not carefully or completely made; rough 4. displaying a lack of knowledge or skill 5. undisguised or unadorned; blunt
delicacy ↔ crudity
crumb [krʌm] n. v. 빵 부스러기, 가루로 만들다 : a small fragment especially of something baked (as bread)
crumb : bread :: splinter : wood splinter 파편, 조각
shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake
crumble [krʌ mbl] v. (빵 등을) 가루로 만들다, 허물어지다 : DISINTEGRATE, COLLAPSE
: to break into small fragments or particles friable : crumble :: malleable : alter malleable (금속 등을) 벼릴 수 있는; 적응성이 있는, 유순한
friable : crumbled :: lucid : comprehended (A → B) friable ↔ not easily crumbled, resistance to be pulverized, difficult to crumble pulverize 가루로 만들다, 바수다(grind); 박살내다(demolish)
crumple [krʌ mpl] v. (종이 등을) 구기다, 쭈글쭈글하게 하다; 압도하다 1. to crush together or press into wrinkles; rumple 2. to cause to fall apart
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fold : crumple :: defeat : overwhelm
crutch [krʌtʃ] n. 목발, 버팀 crutch : walk :: glasses, lens : see crutch : support ::
crux [krʌks] n. (문제 해결의) 핵심 : an essential point requiring resolution or resolving an
outcome 1. The basic, central, or critical point or feature: the crux of
the matter; the crux of an argument 2. A puzzling or apparently insoluble problem (난문제)
crux ↔ peripheral element, pettiness, unimportant element petty 시시한, 하찮은; 이차적인, 종속적인; 옹졸한, 비열한
cryptic [kríptik] a. 비 의, 불가해한 : MYSTERIOUS 1. having hidden meaning; mystifying 2. secret or occult 3. using code or cipher
cipher : cryptic :: precis : concise (EQUAL, 명 : 형) precis [preisí:] 요약, 요 a concise summary of a book, an article,
or another text; an abstract cryptic : perplex :: degrading : debase (CHARACTER, 형 : 동) cryptic ↔ self explanatory, self explaining
cuisine [kwizíːn] n. 요리법, 조리법; 요리 connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine connoisseur 감정가, 감식가; 전문가, 권위자
culpable [kʌ lpəbl] a. 비난 받아 마땅한 : deserving of blame or censure as being wrong, evil,
improper, or injurious exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame culpable : condemnation :: culpable : calumniation :: calumniation; 중상, 비방
confession : culpability :: testimonial : appreciation (A is a sign of B, A=expression of B) testimonial 상장, 감사장
culpable ↔ above reproach, innocent
cultivate [kʌ ltəvèit] v. 경작하다, 기르다, 장려하다 : ENCOURAGE
1. To improve and prepare (land), as by plowing or fertilizing, for raising crops; till. To grow or tend (a plant or crop).
2. To promote the growth of (a biological culture). 3. To nurture; foster. 4. To form and refine, as by education. 5. To seek the acquaintance or goodwill of; make friends
with. cultivate : crop :: foster, nurture : child cultivate : garden :: explore : cave cultivate ↔ cause to wither, decline, impede, neglect, stunt, inhibit growth on
stunt 발육을 가로막다, 성장을 방해하다
cultivated [kʌ ltəvèitid] a. 교양 있는, 재배된 : REFINED, EDUCATED, POLISHED
cultivated ↔ feral feral [fíərəl] 야생의, 길들여지지 않은
cumbersome [kʌ mbərsəm] a. (육중해서) 다루기 힘든; 부담이 되는 1. difficult to handle because of weight or bulk 2. troublesome onerous
onerous; troublesome or oppressive; burdensome cumbersome ↔ easy to handle, handy, wieldy wieldy 다루기 쉬운, 쓰기 알맞은(manageable) easily wielded or
managed
cunning [kʌ niŋ] a. 교묘한, 교활한 1. marked by or given to artful subtlety and deceptiveness 2. executed with or exhibiting ingenuity 3. delicately pleasing; pretty or cute
cunning : gulled :: watchful : waylaid :: wary : duped waylay 잠복하여 습격하다, 불시에 말을 걸다
cunning ↔ artless, ingenuous ingenuous 솔직한, 성실한
cupidity [kjuːpídəti] n. 탐욕 cupidity ↔ generosity
curative [kjúərətiv] a. 치유의 1. serving or tending to cure 2. of or relating to the cure of disease
curator [kjuəréitər] n. 박물관장, 도서관장 ranger : forest :: curator : museum ranger 방황하는 사람; 무장 순찰 원; 삼림 감시 요원
curators : paintings :: librarians : books curator : art :: archivist : documents
curb [kəːrb] n. v. 재갈, 억제하다 : to check or control with or as if with a curb
curb ↔ goad, spur, lack of restraint goad (가축을 몰 때 쓰는) 막 기; 자극(stimulus) spur 박차; 자극, 격려; 동기
curb ↔ promote to proceed, unbridle bridle 굴레, 재갈; 속박, 억제
curmudgeon [kərmʌ dʒən] n. 심술궂은 놈 : an ill-tempered person full of resentment and stubborn
notions curmudgeon ↔ agreeable person
current current : dated :: (OPPOSITE)
curriculum [kərikjuləm] n. 교과 과정 curriculum : course :: menu : dish
curry [kə ːri, kʌ ri] n. v. 카레 (요리하다) / (말에) 빗질하다, (무두
질한 가죽을) 제혁하다 curry favor 환심을 사다, 비위를 맞추다 to seek or gain favor by
fawning or flattery
curse [kə:rs] 1. a. an appeal or prayer for evil or misfortune to befall
someone or something b. the evil or misfortune that comes in or as if in response to
such an appeal 2. one that is accursed 3. a source or cause of evil; a scourage 4. a profane word or phrase; a swearword
curse ↔ benediction
cursory [kə ːrsəri] a. 엉성한, 겉핥기의 : HASTY : performed with haste and scant attention to detail 예; a cursory glance at the headlines
cursory ↔ painstakingly thorough, pinpoint(a.정확한, 정밀한), slow and thorough
fastidious ↔ easygoing, cursory, uncritical fastidious 성미가 까다로운, 세심한 주의가 필요한
curt [kəːrt] a. 간략한, 퉁명스러운 : TERSE 1. rudely brief or abrupt, as in speech or manner 2. using few words; terse 3. having been shortened
curt : words :: parsimonious : resource, money parsimonious (극도로) 검약하는, 인색한 excessively sparing or frugal
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curt ↔ protracted
curtail [kəːrtéil] v.t. 생략하다 : to cut short; abbreviate
curtail : period :: enervate : energy curtail : duration :: abase : strength curtail ↔ protract, prolong
custody [kʌ stədi] n. 보호, 관리; 구금, 구류 1. the act or right of guarding, especially such a right
granted by a court 2. care, supervision, and control exerted by one in charge 3. the state of being detained or held under guard,
especially by the police
cyclone [sáikloun] n. 폭풍 snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone (snow는 precipitation 강수의 종류, hurricane은 cyclone(미국식 사고방식에 따르면 cyclone은 일반적 열대성 저기압)의 종류)
cynical [sínikəl] a. 냉소적인, 의심하는 : contemptuously distrustful of human nature and motives
ingenue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness (LACK) ingenue [ænʒənú:] 순진한 소녀/여자 an artless, innocent girl or
young woman
D dab [dæb] v. ~을 가볍게 두드리다, (페인트 등을) 살짝 칠하다 n.
가볍게 두드리기, 소량 dab ↔ coat thoroughly
dabble [dǽbəl] vi. 취미삼아 해 보다 : to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently
especially in a secondary activity or interest dabble in Latin 라틴어를 조금 배워보다 dabbler 취미삼아 해 보는 사람 (amateur)
dabbler : dedication :: martinet : leniency (LACK) leniency 관 함, 자비, 관용
dabbler : dedicated :: artlessness : canny, cunning, clever, shrewd (A에는 B가 없는)
canny 조심스러운, 신중한, 약삭빠른 cunning 약삭빠른, 교활한 shrewd 약삭빠른, 통찰력이 있는, 현명한 dabble : superficial :: (CHARACTER) dabble ↔ dedicate, devote, specialize dabbler ↔ specialist, dedicated professional, devotee
daft [dæft, dɑːft] a. 어리석은, 정신 이상의 : SILLY, INSANE : mad, crazy; foolish, stupid
daft : sanity :: skeptic : credulity (OPPOSITE) daft ↔ judicious, prudent, wise, far-seeing, well-advised judicious 영리한, 신중한 having or exhibiting sound judgment;
prudent sanity ↔ daftness sanity 온전한 정신, 판단의 건전함 (명사)
daguerreotype [dəgɛ ərətàip, -riə-] n. 은판 사진술 daguerreotype : photograph :: musket : firearm
dais [déiis] n. 연단 a raised platform, as in a lecture hall, for speakers or
honored guests dais : honor :: stadium : compete
dally [dǽli] vi. 희롱하다; 빈둥빈둥 시간을 보내다, 꾸물거리다 1. to play amorously; flirt 2. to trifle; toy
3. to waste time; dawdle dally : times :: squander : money dally : playful :: (CHARACTER)
damn [dæm] v. 혹평하다; 파멸시키다, 망치다 1. to pronounce an adverse judgment upon 2. to bring about the failure of; ruin 3. to condemn as harmful, illegal, or immoral
damn ↔ extol
damp [dæmp] n. a. v. 물기, 축축(한, 하게하다), 약화(낙담)시키
다 : MOISTURE, HUMIDITY, DAMPNESS v. 1. to make damp or moist; moisten 2. to extinguish (a fire, for example) by cutting off air 3. to restrain or check; discourage
abase : prestige :: damp : ardor abase (품위, 평가 등을) 낮추다, 떨어뜨리다 prestige 명성, 신망; 위세, 위신
damp ↔ amplify sere ↔ lush, damp sere 시든, 말라빠진 withered; dry lush 푸릇푸릇한; 무성한; 이익이 되는(profitable)
damper ↔ ameliorator ameliorate to make or become better; improve
dampen [dǽmpən] v. 축축하게 하다, (활력, 열의, 행동을) 풀 죽게 하다 : DEADEN
1. to make damp 2. to deaden, restrain, or depress 3. to soundproof 방음 장치를 하다
dampen : ardor :: abase : prestige dampen : sound :: dim : light dim ~을 어둑하게 하다 dampen ↔ increase intensity, parch, scorch, intensify, strengthen, invigorate, enliven parch 바싹 말리다, 갈증을 느끼게 하다; 볶다, 굽다 scorch 겉을 태우다, 그을리다; 말라죽게 하다; 혹평하다, 욕하다
dander [dǽndər] n. 화 : temper or anger
dandy [dǽndi] n. 멋쟁이 miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine hoard 저장, 저축, 축적 a hidden fund or supply stored for future use;
a cache preen (새가 날개를) 부리로 다듬다; 몸치장을 하다; 자랑하다, 우쭐
다 opine 의견을 말하다, 생각하다 to hold or state as an opinion dandy ↔ careless dresser
dank [dæŋk] a. 축축한 : disagreeably damp or humid
dank : moisture :: dappled : spot (A = B를 많이 가진 상태) dank : moisture :: sweltering : heat dank ↔ arid, parched, desiccated
dapper [dǽpər] a. 깔끔한 : NATTY : neat and trim in appearance 1. a. neatly dressed; trim b. very stylish in dress 2. lively and alert
slovenly : dapper :: indulgent : adherent (OPPOSITE) slovenly 추접스러운, 단정치 못한; 되는 로의, 날림의 indulgent 관 한, 너그러운
dapper : fastidious :: (A << B) fastidious 성미가 까다로운, 세심한 주의가 필요한
dapper, natty ↔ frowzy, slovenly, unkempt frowzy 지저분한, 불결한; 고약한 냄새가 나는 slovenly 추접스러운, 단정치 못한; 되는 로의, 날림의 unkempt 흐트러진, 단정치 못한
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dappled [dǽpəld] a. 얼룩덜룩한, 얼룩무늬의 : spotted; mottled
striated : groove :: mottled, dappled : spot striated 가는 줄이 있는
daredevil [dɛ ərdèvəl] a. 앞뒤 안 가리는, 무모한 n. a recklessly bold person
prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton sagacity 현명, 기민 the quality of being discerning, sound in
judgment, and farsighted; wisdom simpleton 얼간이, 바보
daredevil : foolhardiness :: malcontent : dissatisfaction malcontent 불만이 있는, (사회 등에) 비판적인 dissatisfied with
existing conditions daredevil : audacity :: malcontent : dissatisfaction audacity 담, 용맹, 호방
dart [dɑːrt] v. 날쌔게 움직이다 : to move suddenly or rapidly
descend : plummet :: move : dart :: lessen : eliminate (A << B) dart : missile :: skiff : boat (A ∈ B) skiff 작은 배, 1인용의 노 젓는 경주용 배
dash [dæ∫] v. (물건을) 박살내다, 냅다 던지다, 단숨에 하다, (~에) 심하게 부딪치다, 격렬하게 움직이다 n. 돌진, 활기, 원기, 힘, 소량
dash ↔ apathy, dullness, languor, lethargy, torpor dash ↔ dally, dawdle, linger, tarry, lumber
dated [deitid] adj. 시 에 뒤떨어진, 구식의 1. marked with or displaying a date 날짜가 있는/적힌 2. old-fashioned; out-of-date
dated : currency :: spent : efficacy :: spent : solvency (LACK)
daunt [dɔːnt] v. 위협하다, 겁나게 하다 : COW, SUBDUE : to abate the courage of; discourage * dauntless a. 용감한, 두려움을 모르는 incapable of being
intimidated or discouraged dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment trepidation 전율, 공포, 놀람; 당황, 혼란 footloose 아무데나 갈 수 있는, 자유로운 having no attachment or
ties; free to do as one pleases dauntless : intimidate :: irrepressible : restrain irrepressible 제지할 수 없는, 억누를 수 없는 difficult or impossible
to control or restrain dauntless : fear :: unscrupulous : qualm fearless : daunt :: impassive : perturb impassive 무감동의, 냉담한; 인사불성의; 무감각한
cowed ↔ undaunted cow 위협하다 (be cowed 겁먹다)
daunt ↔ embolden, make resolute, hearten, cheer, urge on daunting ↔ meek meek 참을성 있는; 온순한; 굴종적인
dauntless ↔ craven, easily discouraged, pusillanimous, trepid, timorous, coward, fearful craven 비겁한, 겁 많은 characterized by abject fear; cowardly pusillanimous 우유부단한, 소심한 lacking courage; cowardly
daunted, irresolute ↔ undeterred
dawdle [dɔ ːdl] v. 꾸물 다, 빈둥거리다, 어슬렁어슬렁 걷다, (시간을) 낭비하다
1. to take more time than necessary 2. to move aimlessly or lackadaisically
lackadaisical [lækədéizikəl] 활기 없는; 게으른, 나태한 dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated (A는 B할 수 없고+B는 A의 OPPOSITE단어)
dawdle, ramble : move :: doodle : draw punctilious 꼼꼼한, 격식을 차리는, 딱딱한
dawdle ↔ hie hie 서두르다, 급히 가다 to go quickly; hasten
dawdler ↔
daze [deiz] v. 멍하게 하다, 당황하게 하다 1. to stun, as with a heavy blow or shock; stupefy 2. to dazzle, as with strong light
dazzle [dǽzəl] v. 눈부시게 하다. : to dim the vision of, especially to blind with intense light.
deactivate [diːǽktəvèit] v.t. 효력을 없애다, 비활성화 하다 : to make inactive or ineffective 1. to render inactive or ineffective 2. to inhibit, block, or disrupt the action of (an enzyme or
other biological agent) 3. to remove from active military status
deactivate ↔ potentiate potentiate 강력하게 하다; (약 등의) 효력을 높이다
deaden [dédn] v.t. 무감각하게 하다 : BLUNT 1. to render less intense, sensitive, or vigorous 2. to make soundproof 3. to make less colorful or brilliant
tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden analgesic 진통제
deadpan [dédpæ n] a. 무표정한; 무관심을 가장한 1. a blank, expressionless face 2. a person, especially a performer, who has or assumes a
blank expression deadpan : impassive :: impudent : brazen :: insightful : discerning impudent 뻔뻔스러운, 경솔한; 오만한, 버릇없는, 아니꼬운
dearth [dəːrθ] n. 부족, 결핍 : LACK 1. a scarce supply; a lack 2. shortage of food; famine
surfeit, spate, copiousness, plethora ↔ dearth spate 갑자기 쏟아져 나오기; 량, 다수 a sudden flood, rush, or
outpouring plethora 과다, 과잉(overfullness) a superabundance; an excess
debacle [deibɑ ːkl, -bǽkl, də-] n. 와해, 패주, 붕괴; 폭락, 도산 1. a sudden, disastrous collapse, downfall, or defeat; a rout 2. a total, often ludicrous failure 3. the breaking up of ice in a river 4. a violent flood
rout 참패, 패주; 혼란한 군중, 오합지졸, 폭도; 사교 모임 debacle ↔ complete success, eclat eclat 화려함, 빛남; 과시; 갈채, 환호
debark [dibá:rk] v. 짐을 내리다, 하선하다 = disembark : to unload, as from a ship or an airplane
debark : ship :: unload : truck debark ↔ embark, get on, depart
debase [dibéis] v. (가치, 품위 등을) 떨어뜨리다 : to lower in character, quality, or value; degrade
debase : value :: attenuate : density, force, power, intensity, strength (B는 A의 대상, A는 B를 ↓) (alleviate : power는 오답)
enervation : vitality :: debasement : value debase : status :: lower : height :: chill : temperature debase ↔ ennoble ennoble 고귀하게 하다; 귀족에 봉하다 to make noble; to confer
nobility upon debasement ↔ deification, elevation, ennoblement deify 신으로 모시다, 신격화 하다
debate [dibéit] v. 토론/토의하다, 숙고하다 1. to consider something; deliberate 2. to engage in argument by discussing opposing 3. to engage in a formal discussion or argument
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box : fight :: debate : argue (EQUAL, 명 : 동) box 주먹다짐을 하다
debauchery [dibɔ ːtʃəri] n. 방탕, 무절제 : extreme indulgence in sensual pleasures; dissipation.
debauchery ↔ ascetism
debilitate [dibílətèit] v.t. 약하게 하다 : ENFEEBLE : to sap the strength or energy of; enervate
attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength debilitate ↔ invigorate, fortify, give energy, energize
debonair [dèbənɛ ər] adj. 서글서글한, 상냥한, 명랑한; 태평한 : suave; urbane : affable; genial : carefree and gay; jaunty
debonair ↔ awkward debonair, sophisticated ↔ uncouth uncouth 무례한,어색한, 꼴불견의
debris [dəbríː, déibriː / déb-] n. 파편, 잔해, 부스러기 debris : destroy :: ash : burn
debunk [diːbʌ ŋk] v. (거짓) 정체를 폭로하다, 까발리다 : to expose the sham or falseness of
debunk : deceive :: (OPPOSITE) debunk(거짓을 폭로하다) ↔ affirm, verify(진실을 증명하다) debunk ↔ perpetuate to sham, unexpose, shroud, deceive perpetuate 영속하게 하다, 불멸하게 하다 sham 모조품, 가짜, 속임, 엉터리; (장식용) 커버, 씌우개 shroud [ʃraud] 수의; 가리개; 덮어 가리다, 얼버무리다
debut [deibjúː, di-, déi- déb-] n. 데뷔 debut : career :: embark : journey embark 배에 태우다, 싣다; (남을) 사업에 끌어들이다, (돈 등을) 사
업에 다 debut ↔ farewell performance
decadence [dékədəns, dikéidns] n. 쇠퇴, 타락 : a process, condition, or period of deterioration or decline,
as in morals or art; decay decadence ↔ wholesomeness wholesome 건전한, 유익한; 건강에 좋은
decant [dikǽnt] v.t. (액체를) 가만히 따르다 1. to pour off (wine, for example) without disturbing the
sediment 2. to pour (a liquid) from one container into another
subterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour (A << B) subterfuge 핑계, 구실 a deceptive stratagem or device
decentralize [diːséntrəlàiz] v. (중앙의 기능을) 분산시키다; 집중을 배제하다
: to distribute the administrative functions or powers of (a central authority) among several local authorities
decibel [désəbèl, -bəl] n. 데시벨 decibel : sound :: volt : electricity :: watt : power :: lumen : light :: light-year : distance :: kilometer : distance :: pound : weight
decipher [disáifər] v.t. 암호를 풀다 1. to read or interpret (ambiguous, obscure, or illegible
matter) 2. to convert from a code or cipher to plain text; decode * indecipherable 해독(판독)할 수 없는
indecipherable : decoded :: unmanageable : controlled encoded : decipher :: tacit : infer (암호화된 것은 풀어야 할 대상, 암묵적인, 넌지시 내비치는 것은 추론해서 알아내야 될 대상)
tacit; implied by or inferred from actions or statements 예; Managements has given its tacit approval to the plan. legible : decipher :: legible 읽기 쉬운, 판독할 수 있는
decipher : hieroglyph :: break : code hieroglyph [háiərəglìf] hieroglyphic [hàiərəglífik] 상형문자, 판독하기
어려운 문자
declamation [dekləéi∫:ən] n. 웅변술; 극적 효과를 노린 연설/문장 1. a recitation delivered as an exercise in rhetoric or
elocution 2. a. vehement oratory b. a speech marked by strong feeling;
a tirade declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse grandiloquence 호언장담, 허풍
decode [diːkóud] v.t. 암호를 풀다 : to convert from code into plain text
tacit : infer :: encoded : decode, decipher tacit 무언의, 잠잠한; 암묵의, 넌지시 내비치는 taciturn 말이 없는, 말수가 적은; 무뚝뚝한 habitually untalkative
indecipherable : decoded :: unmanageable : controlled
decorum [dikɔ ːrəm] n. 적절함, 예의 바름 1. appropriateness of behavior or conduct; propriety 2. the conventions of polite behavior 3. the appropriateness of an element of an artistic or literary
work, such as style or tone, to its particular circumstance or to the composition as a whole
* indecorous adj. 예절 없는, 예의에 어긋나는, 꼴사나운 miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum gaffe [gæf] 교제상의 실수, 결례 a clumsy social error; a blatant
mistake or misjudgment decorum ↔ impropriety mangy, unseemly ↔ sleek, decorous mangy [méindʒi] (가축 등이) 옴이 오른; 털이 빠진; 초라한, 누추한 sleek 매끈매끈한, 윤기 나는; 손질이 잘된
indecorous ↔ proper
decrepit [dikrépit] adj. 쇠약한, 노쇠한 : weakened, worn out, impaired, or broken down by old age,
illness, or hard use decrepit ↔ vigorous, sound, sturdy, robust, hale, firm, alive, lively decrepitude ↔ sturdiness, cheerfulness, alacrity
decry [dikrɑ i] v. 헐뜯다, 깎아내리다, 비난하다 1. to condemn openly 2. to depreciate (currency, for example) by official
proclamation or by rumor celebration : decry :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE) decry ↔ acclaim, applaud, extol, praise, compliment, honor, appreciate
dedication [dèdikéiʃən] n. 헌신, 전념 : a devoting or setting aside for a particular purpose
bigot : dedication :: rage : anger (A >> B) bigot 광신자, 편협한 사람
zeal : dedication :: mesmerism : interest (A >> B) mesmerism [mézmərìzəm] 저항하기 힘든 유혹, 매혹 a strong or
spellbinding appeal; fascination dabble ↔ dedicate, devote
default [difɔ ːlt] 채무 불이행, 태만 : a failure to pay financial debts
default : pay :: yield : resist (OPPOSITE) default ↔ fulfill an obligation, pay one's debt
defeasible [difí:zəbl] adj. 무효화할 수 있는, 파기(해제)할 수 있는
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* indefeasible [ìndifí:zəbl] a. 파기(무효화)할 수 없는, 취소할 수 없는, 몰수할 수 없는 (예) indefeasible rights to freedom 빼앗을 수 없는 자유의 권리 : that cannot be annulled or made void
defeasible ↔ effective, feasible indefeasible : annul :: ineffable : express, depict : ineradicable : remove (A=B할 수 없는)
indefeasible ↔ defeasible
defer [difə :r] v. 연기하다; 존중하다, 따르다, 양보하다 : to submit to another's wishes, opinion, or governance
usually through deference or respect arrogant : defer :: defer : leader :: admire : hero exigent ↔ deferrable exigent 긴급한, 절박한
deference [déf:ərəns] n. 복종; 경의, 존경 1. submission or courteous yielding to the opinion, wishes,
or judgment of another 2. courteous respect
deference : authority :: emulation : exemplar reverent : deference :: exemplary : imitation deference ↔ contempt
deferential [dèfərénʃəl] a. 공손한 : showing or expressing respect and esteem due a superior
or an elder deferential : offend :: scornful : respect intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend intransigent 타협하지 않는, 완고한 uncompromising
frugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious (A << B, B에 안좋은 뉘앙스) obsequious 아부하는, 추종하는 full of or exhibiting servile
compliance; fawning exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence exemplary 본보기의, 전형적인
deferential : offend :: adamant : yield adamant 요지부동의, 단호한 impervious to pleas, appeals, or
reason; stubbornly unyielding impudent ↔ deferential, respectful impudent 뻔뻔스러운, 주제넘은; 건방진, 오만한 characterized by
offensive boldness deferential ↔ contemptuous, imperious, domineering, impudent contemptuous a. 경멸적인, 모욕적인, 업신여기는 imperious 오만한, 고압적인; 긴급한 arrogantly domineering or
overbearing; urgent, pressing overbearing 고압적인, 거만한, 횡포한 domineering 오만한, 횡포한, 폭군적인
deferrable [difə :rəb:əl] adj. 연기할 수 있는 deferrable ↔ exigent exigent 1. requiring immediate action or remedy 2. requiring much effort or expense; demanding
deficiency [difíʃənsi] n. 부족, 결핍 : SHORTAGE 1. the quality or condition of being deficient;
incompleteness or inadequacy 2. a lack or shortage, especially of something essential to
health; an insufficiency deficiency ↔ surfeit, surplus, repletion
defile [difáil] v. 더럽히다, 모독하다, 훼손하다 n. 좁은 길/골짜기 1. a narrow gorge or pas that restricts lateral movement, as
of troops 2. a march in a line
precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness precipice [présəpis] 절벽, 벼랑; 위기, 궁지
definitive [difínətiv] adj. 확실한; 최종적인; 명확한, 한정적인 1. precisely defined or explicit 2. supplying or being a final settlement or decision;
conclusive 3. authoritative and complete
definitive ↔ provisional
deflate [difléit] 바람을 빼다; 기운을 꺾다 1. a. to release contained air or gas from b. to collapse by
releasing contained air or gas 2. to reduce or lessen the size or importance of
puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled jar n. 항아리, 단지 v. 덜컥거리다, 진동하다; (귀, 신경에) 거슬리다,
불쾌감을 주다
defoliant [di(ː)fóuliənt] n. 고엽제 defoliant : tree :: insecticide : insect
deforest v. 나무를 베어 없애다; 벌채하다 ↔ afforest to cut down and clear away the trees or forests from
deforestation : tree :: insecticide : insect
defraud [difrɔ ːd] v.t. 속여서 빼앗다 : to deprive of something by deception or fraud; swindle
defray [difréi] v. ( 가, 비용을) 부담하다, ~을 지불하다 to undertake the payment of (costs or expenses); pay.
defray ↔ entrust entrust v. (남에게 금전 등을) 맡기다
deft [deft] a. 손재주 좋은, 솜씨 좋은 : quick and skillful; adroit
craven : admirable :: deft : awkward (OPPOSITE) craven 비겁한, 겁 많은
maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse (OPPOSITE) expedite v.촉진시키다, 신속히 처리하다, a. 신속한, 장애 없는 deft ↔ maladroit, clumsy, awkward, ham-handed, inept ham-handed 특히 손이 큰; 솜씨 없는, 서투른
defuse [di(ː)fjúːz] v.t. 긴장을 완화시키다; (폭탄, 지뢰에서) 뇌관을 제거하다
: to make less harmful, potent, or tense defuse ↔ foment
defy [difái] v.t. (공공연하게) 반 하다 : DARE (n.도전,반항) 1. a. to oppose or resist wit boldness and assurance b. to
refuse to submit to or cooperate with 2. to be unaffected by; resist or withstand 3. to challenge or dare (someone) to do something * defiance 권위에 한 과감한 저항, 반항, 도전, 경멸 * defiant 도전적인, 반항적인, 시비조의, 담한, 오만한
defiance : resistance :: obeisance : deference defiant : resistable :: defiant : resistance :: rational : reason (plausible : conviction은 오답) defiant : authority :: maverick : convention (A는 B(대상)에 순종하는 것을 부정)
acquiesce, not challenge, obey ↔ defy defiance ↔ submission, obedience defy, stand up to, resist ↔ submit, acquiesce, yield, comply, pacify stand up to; to confront fearlessly, face up to
defiant ↔ tractable
dehydrate [diːháidreit] v.t. 건조시키다, 탈수하다 abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality :: fade : brightness :: devitalize : energy
fatigue : rest, repose :: dehydration : water (A remove B) dehydration : moisture :: descent : altitude :: desertification : vegetation descent : altitude :: dehydrate : moisture (A lower B) descent 하강; 내리받이; 가계, 혈통; 세습, 유전; 몰락, 전락
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dehydration : moisture :: desertification : vegetation desertification 사막화 vegetation (집합적) 식물, 초목, 식생
dehydrate : moisture :: attenuate : power dehydrate ↔ reconstitute(중국6-1-32), saturate, sature with water, immerse reconstitute 다시 구성하다, 재건하다, 원상태로 돌리다
deification [dìːəfəkéiʃən] n. 신격화 deification ↔ debasement (malfeasance(오답) 부정 행위, 위법 행위)
deify [dí:əf`ai] v. 신으로 삼다; 신성시하다 1. to make a god of; raise to the condition of a god 2. to worship or revere as a god 3. to idealize; exalt
deify ↔ speak/watch with contempt
deject [didʒékt] v.t. 낙담시키다 : to lower the spirits of; dishearten
mollify : anger :: hearten : dejection dejected : embarrassment :: (A >> B) dejected ↔ exultant, gladden exultant 기뻐 날뛰는, 환희하는 marked by great joy or jubilation;
triumphant gladden [glǽdən] 기쁘게 하다, 즐겁게 하다 to make glad
dejection ↔ exultation, gladness, jocundity jocular 익살떠는, 까부는 1. characterized by joking 2. given to joking
delectable [diléctəbl] adj. 기분 좋은, 유쾌한, 맛있는 1. greatly pleasing; delightful 2. greatly pleasing to the taste; delicious
delectable ↔ loathsome, unpleasant delectable ↔ unsavory, unpalatable
delegation [dèligéiʃən] n. 표(단) : a person or group of persons officially elected or
appointed to represent another or others * delegate (권한, 임무 등을) 남에게 위임하다
delegation : represented :: (EQUAL, 명 : 형) delegate ↔ assume responsibility, keep from, retain, hold
deleterious [dèlətíəriəs] a. 해로운, 유해한 : having a harmful effect; injurious
deleterious ↔ salutary, salubrious, wholesome, beneficial, benignant salutary [sǽljətèri] 유익한, 이로운; 건강에 좋은 salubrious 건강에 좋은 conducive or favorable to health or well-
being wholesome 건강에 좋은; 건전한, 유익한
deliberate [dilíbərit]/ [dilíbərèit] a. 신중한 1. done with or marked by full consciousness of the nature
and effect; intentional 2. arising from or marked by careful consideration 3. unhurried in action, movement, or manner, as if trying to
avoid error * deliberation n. 심사숙고, 궁리, 신중함, 세심함
brash : deliberation :: candor : subterfuge brash 성급한, 경솔한; 무례한, 버릇없는 subterfuge a deceptive stratagem or device
caprice : deliberation : impromptu : rehearsal deliberate : decide :: hasty ↔ characterized by deliberation, deliberate deliberation ↔ impetuosity impetuous ↔ deliberate impetuous 충동적인, 성급한; 격렬한, 맹렬한
delicacy [délikəsi] n. 섬세함, 연약함, 정중함 : FINENESS
ingenuous : guile :: delicate : offense (A lack B, 형 : 명) ingenuous 솔직한, 성실한; 순진한, 꾸밈없는
chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy (CHARACTER) chiaroscuro 명암의 배분
delicacy ↔ crudity crude 천연 그 로의; (생각, 이론 등이) 미숙한, 허술한; 세련되지
못한, 버릇없는 husky ↔ delicate husky (몸이) 튼튼한; (목소리가) 쉰 hoarse or rough in quality
delinquent [dilíŋkwənt] a. 태만한, 의무 불이행의; 지급 기일이 지난 1. failing to do what law or duty requires 2. overdue in payment
delirium [dilíriəm] n. 의식의 혼란, 광란 1. a temporary state of mental confusion and clouded
consciousness resulting from high fever, intoxication, shock, or other causes 2. a state of uncontrolled excitement or emotion
coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion
delude [dilúːd] v.t. 속이다, 착각하다 : DECEIVE, TRICK to deceive the mind or judgment of
delusion 현혹, 기만, 망상 delusion : thought :: hallucination : perception hallucination 환영, 환상; 착각, 망상
delude : disabuse :: (OPPOSITE) delude ↔ disabuse
deluge [déljuːdʒ] n. 홍수, 큰 비 v. 물에 잠기게 하다 : a great flood; a heavy downpour; something that
overwhelms as if by a great flood rain : deluge :: wind : hurricane (A << B) droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide (A << B) landslide 산사태, 사태로 무너진 토사; 승리
deluge ↔ drizzle, trickle drizzle 이슬비, 가랑비 to rain gently in fine, mistlike drops
delusive [dilú:siv] adj. 기만적인, 속이는; 가공적인 1. tending to delude 2. having the nature of a delusion; false
delusive ↔ transparent
delve [delv] v. 깊이 파고들다, 철저히 조사하다 : to make a careful or detailed search for information
quaff : sip :: delve : skim (A >> B) skim (액체의 표면을) 걷어내다; 충 읽다/조사하다
scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim scrutinize 정 하게 조사하다 to examine or observe with great care;
inspect critically gloss 주를 달다; 그럴싸하게 설명하다, 억지로 갖다 붙이다
demagogue [déməgɔ ːg, -gɑ g / -gɔ g] n. 선동가 demagogue : instruct :: shirk : malinger shirk (일, 책임 등을) 회피하다, 게을리 하다, n.게으름쟁이, 꾀부리는
사람(=shirker)
demanding adj. 지나치게 요구하는; 엄격한 : requiring much effort or attention
demanding : satisfactory :: closed-minded : sway closed-minded intolerant of the beliefs and opinions of others;
stubbornly unreceptive to new ideas
demise [dimáiz] n. 사망, (퇴임 또는 유언에 의한) 양도 1. a. death b. the end of existence or activity 2. (law) transfer of an estate by lease or will 3. the transfer of a ruler's authority by death or abdication
appropriate ↔ demise appropriate a. 적당한, 타당한 v. (물건, 돈 등을) 돌려쓰다; 책정하
다; 전용/도용하다
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demography [dimɑ grəfi / diːmɔ g-] n. 인구학 demography : population :: meteorology : weather
demolition [dèməlíʃən, dìː-] n. 파괴, 타파; 폐허 :the act or process of wrecking or destroying, especially
destruction by explosives * demolish [dimáli∫|-mɔ l-] v. 부수다, (계획, 제도 등을) 뒤엎
다 1. to tear down completely; raze 2. to do away with completely; put an end to 3. to damage (someone's reputation, for example) severely
recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition rehabilitate 사회로 복귀시키다, 재건하다, 회복시키다
demolish ↔ construct
demonstrable [démənstrəbəl,/dimɑ n-] a. 증명할 수 있는; 명백한 1. capable of being demonstrated or proved 2. obvious or apparent
demonstrable ↔ unable to prove, incapable to be approved
demoralize [dimɔ ːrəlàiz] v.t. 기를 꺾다, 당황케 하다 : DISCOURAGE, DISPIRIT
1. to undermine the confidence or morale of; dishearten 2. to put into disorder; confuse 3. to debase the morals of; corrupt
dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength :: disiccate : moisture dispirit to lower in or deprive of spirit; dishearten morale [məræ l] 사기
demoralize ↔ invigorate, cheer ckl
demote [dimóut] v.t. …의 계급[지위]을 낮추다, …을 강등시키다 demotion n.
demote : rank :: cheapen : value demote ↔ promote demotion ↔ promotion
demotic [dimɑ tik / -mɔ t-] a. 민중의 : of or relating to the common people; popular
demotic ↔ profound
demur [dimə ːr] v. 반 하다, 이의를 제기하다 n . 이의, 반 1. to voice opposition; object 2. to delay * demurral 이의, 지체
demur : qualms, doubt :: waver : irresoluteness (A = B를 나타냄) qualm 양심의 가책, 꺼림칙함; 불안, 염려
demur : objection :: praise : approbation demur : assent :: (OPPOSITE) demur ↔ accept, accede, assent accede (요구, 제안 등에) 동의하다, 따르다; (관직 등에) 앉다, 이
르다, 취임하다 assent; n. v.동의(하다), 찬성(하다)
demurral ↔ assent, agreement, approval
demurrable [dimə ːrəbəl / -mʌ r-] adj. 항소, 항변할 수 있는, 이의
를 주장할 수 있는 supine ↔ vigilant/alert demurrable ↔ firm, agreeable
demystify [diːmístəfài] v.t. 신비성을 제거하다, 계몽하다 : to make less mysterious; clarify
demystify ↔ obfuscate obfuscate 혼란시키다, 당황하게 하다; 애매하게 하다, 알기 어렵게
하다
den [den] n. (야생동물의)굴;피난 동굴;(도둑의)소굴; 사실(私室) 1. the shelter or retreat of a wild animal; a lair 2. a cave or hollow used as a refuge or hiding place 3. a hidden or squalid dwelling place 4. a secluded room for study or relaxation
denigrate [dénigrèit] v.t. 헐뜯다, 모욕하다 : DEFAME 1. to attack the character or reputation of; speak ill of 2. to disparage; belittle
denigrate ↔ exalt, honor (동사) exalt (지위 등을) 높이다(elevate); 칭찬/찬양하다(glorify)
denigration, rebuke, reprobation ↔ accolade (명사)
denouement [deinúːmɑːŋ] n. (연극, 소설 등의) 단원 1. a. the final resolution or clarification of a dramatic or
narrative plot b. the events following the climax of a drama or novel in which such a resolution or clarification takes place
2. the outcome of a sequence of events; the end result joke : punch line :: plot : denouement punch line (광고, 농담 등의) 급소가 되는 글귀 the climax of a joke or
humorous story
denounce [dináuns] v. (공공연히) 비난하다, 고발하다, (조약, 계약, 협정 등의) 폐기 통고를 하다
1. to condemn openly as being evil or reprehensible 2. to accuse formally 3. to give formal announcement of the ending of (a treaty)
admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory :: tell : proclaim (B는 A를 공공연히 함) pillory : 벌주기 위해 칼을 씌우다, 칼을 씌워 웃음거리로 만들다 to
expose to ridicule and abuse; to put a pillory as punishment admonish : denounce :: persuade : convince libel : criticize :: denounce : reject libel n. v. 명예 훼손이 되는 것, 중상하다 fulfillment : denouncement :: (OPPOSITE) castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial (A >> B) castigation : reproof :: glorification : merit (A >> B) castigate 징계하다, 혹평하다 to inflict severe punishment; to criticize
severely reprove 책망하다, 야단치다, 질책하다
denounce ↔ condone, embrace, eulogy, extol, advocate condone (죄 등을) 용서하다, 눈감아주다
denunciation ↔ accolade, eulogy, panegyric denouncing ↔ bracing
dent [dent] n. 움푹한 곳; 두드린 자국; (수량의) 감소 1. a depression in a surface made by pressure or a blow 2. (informal) a significant, usually diminishing effect or
impression dent ↔ convex
denture [dént∫ə:r] n. 틀니, 의치 denture : teeth :: toupee : hair :: wig : hair toupee [tu:péi] 가발
denude [dinjúːd] v. ~을 벗기다 : to divest of covering; make bare
denude ↔ cover denude, uncover ↔ blanket blanket ~을 덮어 가리다
denunciation [dinʌ nsiéiʃən, -ʃi-] n. 탄핵, 공공연한 비난 1. the act or an instance of denouncing, especially a public
condemnation or censure 2. the act of accusing another of a crime before a public
prosecutor * denunciate 공공연히 비난하다, 탄핵하다
castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial denunciation ↔ accolade, eulogy, panegyric, praise accolade 기사 작위 수여식; 영예, 칭찬
denunciate ↔ praise
deny [dinái] n. 부정하다 : controvert, dispute, refute, rebut, disprove
* deniable adj. 부인(부정, 거부)할 수 있는
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deny ↔ corroborate deniable ↔ incontrovertible
depart [dipɑ ːrt] vi. 떠나다 : LEAVE abscond : depart :: pilfer : take :: lurk : wait :: purloin : take pilfer 좀도둑질하다, 슬쩍 훔치다 to steal (a small amount or item) lurk 숨다, 잠복하다; 잠행하다, 살금살금 걷다 purloin [pə:rlɔ in] 훔치다 to steal, often in a violation of trust
depict [dipíkt] v.t. 서술, 묘사하다 1. to represent in a picture or sculpture 2. to represent in words, describe
deplete [diplíːt] v.t. 고갈시키다 : to decrease the fullness of; use up or empty out
enrich ↔ deplete depletion ↔ richness depletive ↔ rich
deplore [diplɔ ːr] v.t. 비난하다; 유감으로 생각하다, 깊이 뉘우치
다; 애통해하다, 슬퍼하다 1. to feel or express strong disapproval of 2. to express sorrow or grief over 3. to regret; bemoan
deplore ↔ accolade, laud, express accolade, extol, commend, applaud, approve
deplore ↔ rejoice commend 추천하다; 칭찬하다 to represent as worthy, qualified,
desirable; to express approval of
deploy [diplɔ i] v. 전개하다, 배치하다; (목적에 맞게) 사용하다 1. a. to position (troops) in readiness for combat, as along a
front or line b. to bring (forces or material) into action c. to base (a weapons system) in the
field 2. to distribute (persons or forces) systematically or
strategically 3. to put into use or action
deploy ↔ concentrate
deport [dipɔ :rt] v. 추방하다; 처신하다 1. to expel from a country 2. to behave or conduct (oneself) in a given manner;
comport deportation [dìːpɔːrtéiʃən] n. 국외 추방 : the removal from a country of an alien whose presence is
unlawful or prejudicial deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling :: expel : school
depose [dipóuz] v.t. (높은 자리에서) 물러나게 하다; (선서 공술 문서에 의해) 증언하다
v. 1. a. to remove from office or power b. to dethrone 2. (law) a. to state or affirm in a deposition or by affidavit b.
to take a deposition from 3. to put or lay down; deposit
perjure ↔ depose, attest perjure [pə :rdʒər] 위증하다
deposit [dèpəzit] n. 퇴적물, 찌꺼기; 기탁, 보관, (은행에) 예금 v. 1. to put or set down; place 2. to lay down or leave behind by a natural process 3. a. to give over or entrust for safekeeping b. to put
(money) in a bank or financial account 4. to give as partial payment or security
deposit, deposition ↔ process of eroding
depravity [diprǽvəti] n. 타락, 부패 1. moral corruption or degradation 2. a depraved act or condition
doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue doldrums 침체, 부진; 침울, 우울
deprecate [déprikèit] v.t. 비난하다, 헐뜯다 : BELITTLE, DISPARAGE
1. to express disapproval of; deplore 2. to belittle; depreciate
laud : deprecated :: (OPPOSITE) deprecate ↔ extol, vaunt, tout, laud, endorse, hymn, acclaim vaunt 자랑하다, 뽐내다 to speak boastfully of tout 성가시게 조르다; 극구 칭찬하다
depreciate [dipríːʃièit] v. 가치를 저하시키다 1. to lessen the price or value of 2. to think or speak of as being of little worth; belittle 얕보다 * depreciation n.
fawn : hauteur :: self-depreciate : swagger hauteur [hout ə :r] 거만(한 태도) haughtiness in bearing and attitude;
arrogance swagger 뽐내며 걷다; 허풍을 떨다, 뻐기다
imperious : fawn :: swaggering : self-depreciate depreciation : value :: ossification : flexibility :: attenuation : power
depress [diprés] v.t. 억누르다, 기를 꺾다 1. to lower in spirits; deject 2. a. to cause to drop or sink; lower b. to press down 3. to lessen the activity or force of; weaken 4. to lower prices in (a stock market)
depressant : mood :: depressant 의기소침한; 불경기의 tending to lower the rate of vital
physiological activities despondent : depressed :: expert : skilled (EQUAL, 형 : 형) protuberant ↔ depressed protuberant 융기한, 돌출한; 두드러진, 눈에 띄는; 현저한 swelling
outward; bulging
deprivation [dèprəvéiʃən] n. 박탈, 손실 1. a. the act or an instance of depriving; loss b. the condition
of being deprived; privation 2. a removal of rank or office
privation 결여, 궁핍 상실; 박탈, 몰수 deprivation ↔ surfeit (중국 10회)
deracinate [dirǽsənèit] v.t. 뿌리째 뽑다, 근절시키다 : UPROOT 1. to pull out by the roots; uproot 2. to displace from one's native or accustomed environment
deracinate ↔ plant
derelict [dérəlikt] a. 버려진, 무너진, 태만한 n. 낙오자 : VAGRANT, BUM
1. deserted by an owner or keeper; abandoned 2. run-down; dilapidated 3. neglectful or duty or obligation; remiss
stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected (OPPOSITE, 사람 : 형) poseur [pouzə:r] 젠체하는 사람
derelict ↔ pillar of society, affection derelict ↔ extremely careful, dutiful
deride [diráid] v.t. 조롱하다 : to speak of or treat with contemptuous mirth
mirth 명랑, 유쾌; 웃음 gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery (EQUAL) condescension 겸손, 공손, 정중 condescend 생색내며 해주다; 자기를 낮추어 ...하다
apologize : regret :: gibe : derision (EXPRESS) pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless pontificate 주교의 직무를 수행하다; 오만한 태도를 보이다 scoff 비웃다, 조롱하다 to mock at or treat with derision
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drawl 점잔빼며 천천히 말하다 to speak with lengthened or drawn-out vowels
bluster (파도, 바람 등이) 거세게 몰아치다; 고함치다 prate 지껄이다 to talk idly and at length; chatter
smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision smirk 뻐기듯이 웃다 to smile in an affected, often offensively self-
satisfied manner smug 잘난 체하는, 독선적인 exhibiting or feeling great or offensive
satisfaction with oneself or with one's situation sneer 비웃다, 냉소하다; 빈정거리다
gibe : derision :: condolence : sympathy :: apologize : regret condolence 문상, 애도
ridicule : derision :: deride ↔ praise derision ↔ veneration
derivative [dirívətiv] a. 파생된, 이끌어낸; 원본이 아닌 : copied or adapted from others
innovative, precursory, original ↔ derivative, sequela sequela [sikwí:lə] 후유증 a secondary consequence or result
derivative ↔ innovative, original, precursory, seminal seminal 정액의, 씨의; 창조적인 of, relating, or having the power to
originate; creative
derogate v. (가치, 명예 등을) 떨어뜨리다, 훼손하다; 타락하다 1. to take away; detract 2. to deviate from a standard or expectation; go astray
derogate ↔ accolade, aggrandize, laud
derogatory [dirɑ gətɔ ːri / -rɔ gətəri] a. 헐뜯는; 경멸적인, 깔보
는 : DISPARAGING 1. disparaging; belittling 2. tending to detract or diminish
derogatory ↔ laudatory
descend [disénd] v. (아래로) 경사지다, 감소하다; (영향을) 미치
다; 전해지다, 유전하다 descend : altitude :: dehydrate : moisture
descendant [diséndənt] n. 자손 forbears ↔ descendants
desecrate [désikrèit] v.t. 신성 모독하다 : PROFANE : to treat disrespectfully, irreverently, or outrageously
desecrate ↔ sanctify, revere, hallow sanctify 신성하게 하다; 깨끗이 하다, 정화하다 hallow 신성하게 하다; 신성한 것으로 숭배하다 cf. hollow 속이 빈, 공허한
desert [dizə ːrt] v. 버리다 : to withdraw from or leave usually without intent to return
desiccate [désikèit] v.t. 건조시키다 : DEHYDRATE 1. to dry out thoroughly 2. to preserve (foods) by removing the moisture 3. to make dry, dull, or lifeless * desiccant adj. 건조성의 n. 건조제
abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration caustic : eat away :: desiccant : dry desiccate : moisture :: detoxify : poison :: clear : dirt :: decelerate : velocity : bleach : color
desiccation : moisture :: deceleration : velocity desiccated : moisture :: enervated : strength (A는 B의 반대 동사 완료형)
desiccant : dryness :: emollient : suppleness desiccant : moisture :: refrigerant : heat cleanse : dirt :: desiccant : moisture :: respite : labor :: offbeat : bathetic (OPPOSITE) respite 일시적 중단 a usually short interval of rest or relief offbeat (음악) 약한 박자; 색다른, 자유스러운 not conforming to an
ordinary type or pattern bathos 점강법; 진부함, 평범함
desiccate ↔ add water to, drench, hydrate, saturate, wet thoroughly, imbue
desiccated ↔ saturated
designate [dézignèit] v. ∼라 부르다 1. to indicate or specify; point out 2. to give a name or title to; characterize 3. to select and set aside for a duty, an office, or a purpose
foreword : introductory :: appellation : designate appellation [ǽpəléiʃən] 이름, 명명, 호칭, 칭호
desist [dizíst] v. ~을 그만두다 To cease doing something; forbear.
desist : injunction :: desist ↔ begin desist ↔ continue, persist, persevere, commence desisting ↔ onset
despair [dispɛ ər] n. 절망 v. 절망하다 명. complete loss of hope 동. 1. to lose all hope 2. to be overcome by a sense of futility or defeat
abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope abandon n. 방종 a complete surrender of inhibitions
despicable [déspikəbəl, dispík-] a. 경멸할 만한 : deserving of contempt or scorn; vile
despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard :: redoubtable : regard, awe redoubtable 가공할; 존경할 만한
venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn despicable : valuable :: mulish : flexible despicable ↔ venerable, laudable, commendable
despise [dispɑ iz] v. 경멸하다, 얕보다, 몹시 싫어하다 1. to regard with contempt or scorn 2. to dislike intensely; loathe 3. to regard as unworthy of one's interest or concern
despise ↔ venerate, respect
despondent [dispɑ ndənt / -spɔ nd-] a. 기가 죽은, 낙담한 DEJECTED
despondency [dispɑ ndensi|dispɔ n-] n. 낙담, 의기소침 : depression of spirits from loss of hope, confidence, or
courage; dejection despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy (EQUAL) saturnine 토성의 영향을 받아 태어난; 우울한, 시무룩한; 납의
despondent : depressed :: expert : skilled despondent ↔ sanguine, elated sanguine 불그레한, 혈색 좋은; 자신감 넘치는, 낙천적인 cheerfully
confident; optimistic
despot [déspət|-p t] n. 전제군주 1. a ruler with absolute power 2. a person who wields power oppressively; a tyrant
despotic [despɑ tik] adj. 전제적인, 횡포한 despotic : tyranny :: generous : liberality
dessert [dizə ːrt] n. 디저트 dessert : meal :: epilogue : play :: coda : sonata
destitute [déstətjùːt] adj. 빈곤한 : lacking resources or the means of subsistence; completely
impoverished; poor. destitute ↔ affluent
desultory [désəltɔ ːri / -təri] a. 종잡을 수 없는, 막연한; 엉뚱한 1. moving or jumping from one thing to another;
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disconnected 2. occurring haphazardly; random
desultory : plan :: inadequate : sufficiency :: sluggish : industriousness :: languid : energy (LACK) languid 나른한, 맥없는; 흥미 없는, 의욕이 없는
desultory : plan :: facile : profundity (LACK) facile 경쾌한, 능란한; 피상적인, 경박한; 손쉬운, 용이한
desultory ↔ strictly methodical, carefully planned, assiduous assiduous 꾸준한; 근면한, 부지런한
detach [ditǽtʃ] v.t. 분리하다 1. to separate or unfasten; disconnect 2. to remove from association or union with something 3. to send (troops or ships, for example) on a special
mission tether ↔ detach tether [téðər] 밧줄로 묶다, 속박하다 to fasten or restrict with or as
if with a tether
detain [ditéin] v. 붙들다, 지체하게 하다; 구류시키다 1. to keep from proceeding; delay or retard 2. to keep in custody or temporary confinement
custody 보호, 관리; 구금, 구류 detain ↔ manumit manumit (노예 상태에서) 해방/석방하다 to free from slavery or
bondage; emancipate
deter [ditə ːr] v.t. 단념시키다, 방해하다 : to prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of ear
or doubt * deterrence
intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract intrepid 두려움을 모르는, 용기 있는 resolutely courageous; fearless rapt 골몰한, 넋을 잃은; 황홀해 있는 deeply moved or delighted;
deeply absorbed inducement ↔ deterrent inducement 유인, 권유; 자극, 동기
deter ↔ spur, facilitate, promote undaunted ↔ deterred deterrent ↔ inducement, incentive
determinative [ditə :rməneitiv|-nət-] adj. 결정력이 있는, 한정적인 determinative ↔ questionable, uncertain, unimportant
deteriorate [dití(:)əriərèit] v. 악화시키다, (가치 등을) 떨어뜨리다, (도덕 등을) 저하시키다
: to diminish or impair in quality, character, or value deterioration ↔ improvement, amelioration deteriorate ↔ ameliorate, improve, strengthen, fortify
detestable [ditéstəbəl] a. 혐오할 만한 : ABOMINABLE : inspiring or deserving abhorrence or scorn
detour [díːtuər, ditúər] 우회하다, 비켜서 가다 : to go or cause to go by a roundabout way 1. a roundabout way or course, especially a road used
temporarily instead of a main route 2. a deviation from a direct course of action
detour : route, path :: digress : topic :: transgress, trespass : rule digressive 주제를 벗어나기 쉬운, 지엽적인 (rambling)
detoxify [di:tɑ ksəfai|-tɔ k-] 해독하다, 독성을 없애다 detoxificatin : poison :: neutralization : acid
detract [ditrǽkt] v. (주의 등을) 딴 데로 돌리다; 비난하다 1. to draw or take away; divert 2. (archaic) to speak ill of; belittle
extol ↔ condemn, impugn, detract impugn 비난하다, 논박하다 to attack as false or questionable;
challenge in argument
detritus [ditráitəs] n. 파편 : DEBRIS debris : destroy :: ash : burn detritus ↔ valuable mass, valuable product
devastate [dévəstèit] v. 황폐화시키다; 무찌르다, 압도하다 1. to lay waste; destroy 2. to overwhelm; confound; stun
spry ↔ devastated spry 활발한, 기운찬
deviation [dìːviéiʃən] n. 일탈; (통계) 편차 : noticeable or marked departure from accepted norms of
behavior * deviate v.
deviate ↔ follow strictly
devious [díːviəs] adj. 꾸불한 : not straightforward; shifty
devious ↔ straightforward, sincere
devise [diváiz] v.t. 고안하다 : INVENT : to form, plan, or arrange in the mind; design or contrive
devoted [divóutid] a. 헌신적인, 몰두한 1. feeling or displaying strong affection or attachment;
ardent 2. having been consecrated; dedicated
consecrate 신성하게 하다; 전념하다, 바치다; 신성하게 하다 devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious (A << B) fastidious 성미가 까다로운; 세심한 주의가 필요한
fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (A = B한 사람) fanatic 광신자 a person marked or motivated by an extreme,
unreasoning enthusiasm prude 고상한 체하는 사람
elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence dabble ↔ dedicate, devote dabble 물장난을 치다; 취미/장난삼아 해보다
devoutness ↔ impiety impiety 경건하지 못함; 불손, 무례
devout [diváut] a. 독실한, 경건한; 성실한 1. devoted to religion or to the fulfillment of religious
obligations 2. displaying reverence or piety 3. sincere; earnest
religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy orthodoxy 정교적 신념; 정통성, 정설
impiety ↔ devoutness impiety 경건하지 못함; 불손, 무례
dew [d:ju:] n. 이슬, 물방울 dew : condensation :: rust : corrosion
dexterous [dékstərəs] a. 솜씨 좋은, 교묘한 : CLEVER 1. skillful in the use of the hands 2. having mental skill or adroitness 3. done with dexterity
dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict prescience 통찰, 예지; 선견(foresight) knowledge of actions or events
before they occur; foresight dexterous : awkward :: (OPPOSITE) dexterous ↔ clumsy, ungainly, awkward, inept
diabolic [dɑ iəbɑ lik / -bɔ l-] a. 악마적인; 사악한, 잔인한 : DEVILISH
1. of, concerning, or characteristic of the devil; satanic 2. appropriate to a devil, especially in degree of wickedness
or cruelty
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diabolization ↔ benediction diabolic ↔ seraphic, benefic, benevolent benefic 은혜를 베푸는, 인정 많은(beneficent)
diagnose [dáiəgnòus, - -- ] v. 진단하다 : to recognize (as a disease) by signs and symptoms
diagnose : treat :: proofread : correct (B를 하기 위해 A를 행함) proofread to read (copy or proof) in order to find errors and mark
corrections
diaphanous [daiǽfənəs] a. 투명에 가까운, 애매하고 내용 없는 : INSUBSTANTIAL, ETHEREAL
1. of such fine texture as to be transparent or translucent 2. characterized by delicacy of form 3. vague or insubstantial
diaphanous ↔ opaque, substantial, substantive, opaque, murky, impermeable/impervious of light substantial 현실의; 견고한, 튼튼한; 상당한; 본질적인, 중요한 impervious 불침투성의; 영향을 받지 않느
diatribe [dáiətràib] n. 혹평 diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery burlesque 풍자문, 희작, 광 극
lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse discourse 회화, 담화; 논설, 강연, 설교
declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse declamation 웅변술; 극적 효과를 노린 연설/문장 grandiloquence 호언장담, 허풍 pompous or bombastic speech or
expression diatribe ↔ encomium, laudatory piece of writing
dicey [dɑ isi] a. 위험한, 모험적인, 죽기 아니면 살기의 dicey ↔ lacking danger
didactic [daidǽktik] a. 교훈적인; 가르치기 좋아하는 1. intended to instruct 2. morally instructive 3. inclined to teach or moralize excessively
didactic : teach :: hortatory, exhortative : urge (가르치려는 inclined to teach : 가르치다 teach :: 설득하려는 intended to urge : 설득하다 urge)
didactic : teach :: comic : amuse (가르치려는 inclined to teach : 가르치다 teach :: 남을 웃기기 위한 comic : 남을 즐겁게 하다 amuse)
die [dai] n. 금형, 틀 die : shaping :: drill : boring :: reel : winding
diehard [dáihɑ ːrd] n. 끝까지 버티는 놈; 보수주의자 : one who strongly resist change a. stubbornly resisting change or clinging to a seemingly
hopeless or outdated cause palter : candor :: budge : diehard (A lack B) palter 적당히 얼버무리다 budge 조금 움직이다; (의견을) 바꾸다 to move or stir slightly; to
alter a position or attitude diehard : budge :: vagary : predict (A한 사람은 B하기 힘들다)
diffident [dífidənt] a. 자신 없는, 소심한; 삼가는, 조심성 있는 1. lacking or marked by a lack of self-confidence; shy and
timid 2. reserved in manner
diffident ↔ brassy, brazen, nervy, bold, expansive
diffuse [difjúːz] v. 흩뜨리다, 확산시키다; (학문 등을) 보급시키다, 퍼뜨리다 a. 널리 퍼진, 흩어진, 산만한, 말수가 많은
v. 1. to pour out and cause to spread freely 2. to spread about or scatter; disseminate 3. to make less brilliant; soften a. 1. widely spread or scattered; not concentrated
2. characterized by verbosity; wordy * diffusion n. 방산, 발산, 보급, 유포; 산만함; 확산
euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse diffuse ↔ concentrate diffuse ↔ condensed, pithy, succinct diffusion, dispersion ↔ denseness, condensation
digit [dídʒit] n. 손(발)가락, 아라비아 숫자 1. a. a human finger or toe. b. A corresponding part in other
vertebrates 2. a. one of the ten Arabic number symbols, 0 through 9. b.
Such a symbol used in a system of numeration 예; The thumb is the most powerful ∼ of all. 엄지가 손가락 중
에서 가장 강하다. fang : tooth :: finger : digit (A는 B의 일종) fang (육식 동물의) 어금니, 송곳니
dignity [dígnəti] n. 존엄, 위풍당당 1. the quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect 2. inherent nobility and worth 3. a. poise and self-respect b. stateliness and formality in
manner and appearance 4. the respect and honor associated with an important
position 5. a high office or rank
digress [daigrés, di-] v. 벗어나다 : to turn aside, especially from the main subject in writing or
speaking; stray digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant excursive 빗나가는, 탈선하는; 산만한 reiterate 되풀이하다; 장황하고 지루하게 반복하다 to say or do again
or repeatedly digress : topic :: stray : group :: detour : route :: detour : path digressive : topic, subject :: random : pattern :: aberrant : standard :: circuitous : route stray (길에서) 벗어나다, (일행을) 놓치다; 방황하다
digress : topic :: veer : direction aside : digression :: summary : excerpt excerpt [éksə:rpt] 발췌, 초록
dike [daik] n. 제방, 둑길, 도랑 v. 도랑을 파서 배수하다, 제방을 쌓다 dike : water :: fence : livestock (B는 A가 막는 상)
dilapidate [dilǽpədèit] v. 황폐케 되다; 망가뜨리다 : to bring or fall into a state of partial ruin, decay, or disrepair
dilapidated ↔ restored, still in use
dilate [dailéit, di-] v.t. 팽창시키다 : DISTEND, WIDEN : to make wider or larger; cause to expand
dilate : circumference :: protract : length dilate ↔ contract, narrow
dilatory [dílətɔ ːri / -təri] a. 꾸물거리는 : TARDY : intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay
laggard : dilatory :: rascal : mischievous (A는 B한 성격을 지님) rascal 악당, 장난꾸러기, 악동 a.비열한, 몰염치한 dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain procrastinate 미루다; 꾸물 다 malcontent 불만이 있는, 비판적인 dissatisfied with existing conditions
alacrity ↔ dilatoriness, hesitance precipitate ↔ retard, dilatory dilatory ↔ alacritous
dilettante [dìlətɑ ːnt, -tǽnti] n. 아마추어 평론가; 호사가 : DABBLER
1. a dabbler in an art or a field of knowledge 2. a lover of the fine arts; a connoisseur
dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence (A lack B) nonentity 보잘것없는 사람/것; 상상의 것
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dilettante : superficiality :: partisan : bias :: martinet : rigidity (CHARACTER)
dilettante ↔ expertly, accomplished
diligent [dílədʒənt] a. 근면한 : PAINSTAKING diligent : effort :: deception : deceptive :: malign, malicious : ill-will (형 : 명) malign adj.나쁜 영향을 주는, 악의있는
procrastination ↔ diligence procrastinate 미루다, 질질 끌다; 꾸물 다
dilute [dilúːt, dai-] v. 희석시키다 1. to make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid
such as water 2. to lessen the force, strength, purity, or brilliance of;
especially by admixture slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength, concentration :: shorten : height :: rarify : density taut 팽팽한; (신경 등이) 긴장한, 곤두선(tense); 엄격한
dilute ↔ concentrate
dimension [dimén∫ən] n. 치수; 크기, 부피, 용적, 체적 congruent : dimension :: coeval : age measure : dimensions : calibrate : diameter :: gauge : pressure :: plumb : depth
diminish [dimíni∫] v. 줄이다, 적게 하다; 손상하다, 떨어뜨리다 1. a. to make smaller or less or to cause to appear so b. to
detract from the authority, reputation, or prestige of 2. to cause to taper
diminish ↔ increase, escalate, estend
din [din] n. 소음 v. 소리가 크게 울려퍼지다, 떠들어 다 : a jumble of loud, usually discordant sounds
stench : nose :: din : ear stench 고약한 냄새, 악취 a strong, foul odor; a stink
din ↔ hush, silence, stillness, quietness hush 조용해지다, 조용히 하다, 조용함
dingus [díŋgəs] n. 거시기 : DOODAD : an article whose name is unknown or forgotten
doodad [dúdæd] an unnamed or nameless gadget or trinket trinket 작은 장신구; 시시한 것 a small ornament, such as a piece of
jewelry; a trivial thing
dingy [díndʒi] a. 칙칙한, 초라한 : DIRTY, DISCOLORED 1. darkened with smoke and grime; dirty or discolored 2. shabby, drab, or squalid
dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere glisten 반짝이다, 빛나다 to shine by reflection with a sparkling
luster
diocesan [daiɑ səsən / daiɔ s-] a. 교구의, (편협한) *diocese [dáiəsis] n. 주교 관구 : the district or
churches under the jurisdiction of a bishop; a bishopric diocesan ↔ ecumenical ecumenical 전반적인, 보편적인; 전기독교(회)의
diplomatic adj. 외교의; 수완이 좋은 : using or marked by tact and sensitivity in dealing with
others diplomatic : tact :: genial : bonhomie bonhomie 친절; 상냥한 태도, 온화한 얼굴
diplomat : tact :: inventor : ingenuity
dire [daiər] a. 무시무시한, 끔찍한; 절박한, 긴급한 : DISMAL, OPPRESSIVE
1. warning of or having dreadful or terrible consequences; calamitous
2. urgent; desperate dire ↔ pleasant, fortunate, propitious, favorable
director [diréktər, dai-] n. 지도자; 중역, 이사; 감독 director : actor :: conductor : instrumentalist
dirge [dəːrdʒ] n. 장송곡; 비가(悲歌) 1. (music) a. a funeral hymn or lament b. a slow, mournful
musical composition 2. a mournful or elegiac poem or other literary work
dirge : music :: elegy : poetry dirge : grief :: paean : praise :: madrigal : love dirge : solemn :: polemic : contentious
disabuse [dìsəbjúːz] v. (미혹, 오해를) 풀어주다, (그릇된 생각
을)바로잡아 주다 : to free from a falsehood or misconception
loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception, fallacy, miscomprehension :: cure : disease :: rehabilitate : addiction :: vindicate : blame
mislead, lead into error ↔ disabuse
disaffected [dìsəféktid] a. 불만을 품은 : REBELLIOUS : resentful and rebellious, especially against authority * disaffect 정떨어지게 하다, 호의를 잃게 하다 to cause to lose
affection or loyalty disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction, commitment :: anxious : serenity conviction 유죄 판결; 죄를 뉘우침, 회오; 확신, 신념
officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel officious 참견을 잘하는; 주제넘게 나서는 meddle 쓸데없이 참견하다, 간섭하다; 만지작거리다, 가지고 장난하
다 disaffect ↔ win over, mollify, content, convince, comfort, conciliate disaffected ↔ contented, beloved, satisfied, tractable, pleased, agreeing
disaffection ↔ contentment
disaggregate [disǽgrigèit] v.t. 분해하다 : to divide into constituent parts
disaggregate ↔ join together coalesce ↔ disaggregate coalesce 합체하다, 융합하다, 연합하다
disagreeable [dìsəgríːəbəl] a. 마음에 들지 않는; 불쾌한 : UNPLEASANT, OFFENSIVE
1. not to one's liking; unpleasant or offensive 2. having a quarrelsome, bad-tempered manner
disagreeable : hateful :: harmful : lethal (A << B) lethal [lí:θəl] 치명적인, 죽음을 초래하는
disambiguate [dìsæmbígjuèit] v. 명확히 하다 : to establish a single grammatical or semantic interpretation
for disambiguate ↔ speak equivocally
disarm [disɑ ːrm, diz-] vi. 무기를 빼앗다; 적개심을 없애다, 누그러뜨리다 1. a. to divest of a weapon or weapons b. to deprive of the
means of attack or defense; render harmless 2. a. to overcome or allay the suspicion, hostility, or
antagonism of b. to win the confidence of bait ↔ disarm, put on guard bait 유혹하다, 꾀다; 공격하다 to attack especially with persistent
insults, criticism, or ridicule
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disarm ↔ antagonize, discourage, dissuade, turn off, arm, fortify, strenghthen, rehabilitate
disarming ↔ obnoxious disarming 상대방의 적개심을 없애는, 애교 있는 obnoxious 아주 싫은, 역겨운, 아니꼬운
disarray v. 어지르다, 혼란시키다; 옷을 벗기다 1. to throw into confusion; upset 2. to undress
shipshape : disarray :: squalid : cleanliness (OPPOSITE) shipshape 정연한, 말쑥한, 다듬은
disavow [dìsəváu] v.t. 부인하다 : REPUDIATE : to disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or association
with disavow ↔ affirm, aver disavowal ↔ admission, acknowledgement, approval
discard [diskɑ ːrd] v.t. 버리다, 해고하다 : to throw away; reject
retain ↔ discard
discerning [disə ːrniŋ, -zə ːrniŋ] a. 통찰력 있는 : DISCRIMINATING
: exhibiting keen insight and good judgment; perceptive discern : acute :: believe : gullible (A << B) insight : discerning :: caprice : whimsical perspicacious : discerning :: ravishing : attractive perspicacious 통찰력 있는, 명민한 ravish 황홀하게 하다, 몹시 기쁘게 하다
myopic ↔ discerning myopic 근시의; 근시안적인, 통찰력이 없는
discernment ↔ lack of insight, not to distinguish discernable ↔ imperceptive, unperceptive, ambiguous
discharge [distʃɑ ːrdʒ] v.t. (배에서) 짐을 부리다, (총알 등을) 발사하다, 면제하다, 해고하다
discharge ↔ hire
disciple [disɑ ip:əl] n. 제자, 신봉자; 예수 12사도의 한 사람 1. one who embraces and assists in spreading the teaching
of another 2. an active adherent, as of a movement or philosophy
disciple : follow :: apologist : defend
disclaim [diskléim] v. 거부하다, 부인하다 1. to deny or renounce any claim to or connection with;
disown 2. to deny the validity of; repudiate * disclaimer n. 부인(행위), 거부(행위), 의견 보류, 기권자, 부
인하는 사람 A repudiation or denial of responsibility or connection./ A renunciation of one's right or claim.
conversation : exchange :: disclaimer : denial (EQUAL)
discography [diskɑ grəfi / -kɔ g-] n. 음반 목록 list : discography :: tool : hoe (A ∋ B) hoe [hou] 괭이
discombobulate [dìskəmbɑ bjəlèit / -bɔ b-] v. (계획 등을) 뒤틀
리게 하다, 실패하게 하다; 혼란시키다 to throw into a state of confusion
discombobulated : order :: erratic : consistency discombobulate ↔ make clear, clarify, explain, settle discombobulate ↔ compose
discomfit [diskʌ mfit] v. 당황하게 하다, 좌절시키다 : DISCONCERT, THWART
1. to make uneasy or perplexed; disconcert 예; He was ∼ed at being seen by someone. 누군가의 눈에 띄
었으므로 당황했다.
2. to thwart the plans of; frustrate discomfited : blush :: contemptuous : sneer (형 : 동) contemptuous 경멸적인, 모욕적인, 업신여기는 manifesting or feeling
contempt; scornful discomfit ↔ mollify
discommode [dìskəmóud] v. 불편하게 하다, 난처하게 하다, ~에
게 폐를 끼치다 : TROUBLE, DISOBLIGE : to cause inconvenience to; trouble
discommode ↔ aid, assist, help, ease, oblige, inspire, pacify, soothe, please oblige 은혜를 베풀다, 의무를 지우다, 강제하다
discommodity ↔ convenience
discompose [dìskəmpóuz] v.t. 불안하게 하다, 혼란시키다, 뒤숭숭
하게 하다 1. to disturb the composure or calm of 2. to put into a state of disorder
discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic discompose : pacific :: engage : tedious, odious (A = B가 없음) odious 혐오할, 미운, 불쾌한 arousing or meriting strong dislike,
aversion, or intense displeasure engage 끌어들이다, 관련시키다; 약혼하다; 몰두하다
discompose : placid :: fabricate : ingenuous (OPPOSITE) ingenuous 솔직한; 순진한
discompose ↔ pacificate
disconcert [dìskənsə :rt] v. 당황하게 하다; 좌절시키다 1. to upset the self-possession of; ruffle 2. to frustrate (plans, for example) by throwing into disorder,
disarrange disconcert ↔ placate
disconsolate [diskɑ nsəlit / -kɔ n-] adj. 쓸쓸한 : Seeming beyond consolation; extremely dejected
disconsolate ↔ joyous
discontent [dìskəntént] n. 불평, 불만; 불평분자 1. a. absence of contentment; dissatisfaction b. a restless
longing for better circumstances 2. one who is discontented
discontent ↔ conciliate
discord [dískɔːrd] n. 불일치, 불협화음 v. (~과) 일치하지 않다, 화합하지 않다
1. a. lack of agreement among persons, groups, or things b. tension or strife resulting from a lack of
agreement; dissension 2. a confused or harsh sound or mingling of sounds * discordant n.
separation : together :: discord : harmonious discord : sound :: anachronistic : time discord : accede :: (OPPOSITE) accede 동의(찬성)하다 harmony ↔ discord discordant ↔ harmonious, euphonious, dulcet, corresponding
discourse [dískɔːrs, --] n. 담화 1. verbal expression in speech or writing 2. verbal exchange; conversation 3. a formal, lengthy discussion of a subject, either written or
spoken lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse (A ∈ B)
discredit [diskrédit] v. 신용을 손상하다, 평판을 떨어뜨리다; 의심하다 n. 불신, 불명예 1. to damage in reputation; disgrace 2. to cause to be doubted or distrusted 3. to refuse to believe
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invective : discredit :: exhortation : motivate invective 독설, 욕설; 저주, 악담 exhortation 권고, 권장; 충고의 말, 추천사
discredit : reputation :: injure : well-being discredited : honor ::
discreet [diskrí:t] n. 지각/분별 있는, 신중한, 조심스러운 1. marked by, exercising, or showing prudence and wise
self-restraint in speech and behavior; circumspect 2. free from ostentation or pretension; modest
discreet ↔ reckless, tactless, thoughtless, artless, naïve, uncalculating, imprudent
discrepancy [diskrépənsi] n. 모순, 불일치 1. divergence or disagreement, as between facts or claims;
difference 2. an instance of divergence or disagreement
discrepancy ↔ convergence, concord, consonance, agreement, regularity
discrepant ↔ consonant
discrete [diskrí:t] adj. 따로따로 떨어진, 분리된, 별개의, 뚜렷이 구별되는; 불연속의, 연관이 없는 1. constituting a separate thing; distinct 2. consisting of unconnected distinct parts
discrete : overlap :: infinite : exhaust (A = B하지 않는) discrete ↔ continuous
discretion [diskréʃən] n. 분별, 신중 1. the quality of being discreet; circumspection 2. ability or power to decide responsibly 3. freedom to act or judge on one's own
discretion : prudence :: piousness : devotion (EQUAL) pious 독실한, 경건한(religious, devout); 종교적인; 훌륭한
brash : discretion :: frivolous : gravity frivolous 시시한, 하찮은; 천박한, 경망스러운
foolish : discretion :: impecunious : money impecunious 무일푼의, 백수건달의 lacking money; penniless
overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention (A = B를 무시) judiciousness ↔ indiscretion judicious 판단력 있는, 영리한, 신중한 having or exhibiting sound
judgment; prudent
discretionary [diskréʃənèri / -əri] a. 임의의, 자유재량의 1. left or regulated by one's own discretion or judgment 2. available for use as needed or desired
discretionary ↔ obligatory, mandatory, preordained, required, rigid preordain [prì:ɔ:rdéin] 예정하다, 운명을 미리 정하다
discriminate [diskrímənèit] v. 식별하다; 차별하다 1. a. to make a clear distinction; distinguish b. to make
sensible decisions; judge wisely 2. to make distinctions on the basis of class or category
without regard to individual merit; show preference or prejudice
epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching epicure 세련된 감각의 소유자, 미식가; 쾌락주의자
liken : similarity :: discriminate : difference sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating sentinel [séntənəl] 감시인, 보초
equitable ↔ discriminatory, unfair equitable marked by or having equity; just and impartial
discursive [diskə ːrsiv] a. 산만한, 두서없는 : RAMBLING 1. covering a wide field of subjects; rambling 2. proceeding to a conclusion through reason rather than
intuition discursive ↔ keen on title, succinct, concentrated
disdain [disdéin] n. 경멸 : SCORN
1. to regard or treat with haughty contempt; despise 2. to consider or reject as beneath oneself
contemptible : disdain :: hilarious : laugh snub : disdain :: double-cross : disloyalty snub 경멸하다, 하찮게 여기다; 중지시키다, 좌절시키다 double-cross 배반하다 to betray by acting in contradiction to a prior
agreement adulation, treat favorably ↔ disdain adulation 아첨 excessive flattery or admiration
disembark [dìsembɑ ːrk] v. 하선하다, 상륙하다; 비행기에서 내리
다 = debark 1. to go ashore from a ship 2. to leave a vehicle or aircraft
debark, disembark : ship :: dismount : horse debark : ship :: unload : truck
disembarrass [dìsembǽrəs|-im-] v. (걱정 등에서) 해방하다, 면하게 하다; 안심시키다; (복잡한 일을) 풀다
to free from something bothersome or encumbering; relive disembarrass : impediment :: emancipate : servitude (어려움을) 풀다 : 장애, 어려움 :: (shirk : duty는 오답) disembarrassment ↔ engagement disembarrassment ↔ impediment impediment 방해, 장애(물)
disembody [dìsimbɑ di] (영혼 등을) 육체에서 분리(이탈)시키다 1. to free (the soul or spirit) from the body 2. to divest of material existence or substance
disembodied ↔ corporeal
disengage [dìsengéidʒ] v.t. 해방시키다 1. to release from something that holds fast, connects, or
entangles 2. to release (oneself) from an engagement, pledge, or
obligation disengage ↔ mesh mesh 덫으로 잡다, 올가미로 씌우다; 얽히게 하다
disentangle [dìsintǽŋgl] v. 얽힘을 풀다; 해방되다 1. to extricate from entanglement or involvement; free 2. to clear up or resolve (a plot, for example)
disentangle ↔ snarl
disgorge [disgɔ ːrdʒ] v. 토해내다; 세차게 배출하다 : VOMIT 1. to bring up and expel from the throat or stomach; vomit 2. to discharge violently; spew 3. to surrender (stolen gods or money, for example)
unwillingly disgorge ↔ ingest, swallow
disgruntle [disgrʌ ntl] v.t. 불만을 품게 하다, 언짢게 하다 : to make ill-humored or discontented
disgruntle ↔ refresh disgruntled ↔ contented, rapturous rapturous filled with great joy or rapture; ecstatic
disguise [disgáiz] vi. 변장하다, 가장하다 n. 변장, 위장 1. a. to modify the manner or appearance of in order to
prevent recognition b. to furnish with a disguise 2. to conceal or obscure by dissemblance or false show;
misrepresent padding : damage :: disguise : recognition disguise : alter :: cloak : warm (명 : 동) disguise : identification :: camouflage : detection disguise : identity :: (B는 A의 대상) disguise ↔ revelation, uncover, verify, indicate, undress
disgust [disgʌ st] n. v. 역겨워 하다 : REPUGNANCE
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1. to excite nausea or loathing in; sicken 2. to offend the taste or moral sense of; repel
blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting (A한 것은 B하게 한다) blatant 뻔뻔스러운, 뻔한 odious 혐오할, 불쾌한, 싫은 arousing strong dislike, aversion, or
intense displeasure odious : disgust :: menacing : fear scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl [skaul] 얼굴을 찡그리다 hurl 세게 던지다, 내던지다; (욕설 등을) 퍼붓다 to utter
vehemently entrancing ↔ disappoint, disgust, repel, repulse, bore entrancing 넋을 잃게 하는, 매혹적인
dishevel [diʃévl] v.t. 난잡하게 하다, 헝클어놓다 1. a. to loosen and let fall (hair or clothing) in disarray b. to
disarrange the hair or clothing of 2. to throw into disorder
disillusion [dìsilú:¥ən] n. 각성, v. 환상을 버리게 하다, 미몽을 깨우
치다 동. to free or deprive of illusion 명. 1. the act of disenchanting 2. the condition or fact of being disenchanted * illusion : the condition of being deceived by a false
perception or belief disenchant : to free from illusion or false belief; undeceive
disillusion : belief :: disenfranchise : right (A는 B를 빼앗는 것)
disimpassioned [dìsimpǽ∫ənd] adj. 냉정한, 침착한 disimpassioned ↔ responsive disimpassion ↔ embarrassment
disinclination [dìsinklinéiʃən, -- -- -] n. 싫증, 마음이 내키지 않음 : a lack of inclination; a mild aversion or reluctance * disinclined adj. ~하고 싶지 않은, ~할 마음이 내키지 않는
aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration (A >> B) aversion : inclination :: (OPPOSITE) leaning, proclivity, bent ↔ disinclination loquacity ↔ disinclination to speak disinclined ↔ disposed
disinfect [dìsinfékt] v.t. 소독하다, 살균하다 oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect aseptic : disinfection :: anesthetic : numbness disinfect : germ :: herbicide : weed (대상을 없애다) disinfect ↔ contaminate
disinter [dìsintə :r] v. 파내다, 발굴하다; 드러내다 1. to dig up or remove from a grave or tomb; exhume 2. to bring to public notice; disclose
exhume 파내다, 발굴하다; 부활시키다, 햇빛을 보게 하다 disinter ↔ bury
disinterested [disíntəristid, -rèst-] a. 사심 없는, 공평한 : UNBIASED
1. free of bias and self-interest; impartial 2. a. not interested; indifferent b. having lost interest ~에
관심 없는, 냉담한 disinterested : partisanship :: venal : probity venal 매수되기 쉬운, 돈을 목적으로 한; 부패한, 타락한
inequity ↔ disinterestedness inequity 불공정, 편견 injustice; unfairness
disinterested ↔ factional
disjointed [disdʒɔ intid] adj. 따로따로 해체된, 떨어진; 혼란한, 종잡을 수 없는 1. separated at the joints 2. out of joint; dislocated 3. lacking order or coherence
disjointed : coherence :: banal : originality amorphous : structure :: disjointed : coherence (A에는 B가 없다) disjointed ↔ orderly, consistent
disjunctive [disdʒʌ ŋktiv] a. 분리하는 : serving to separate or divide
nominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity nominal 명목상의, 명색뿐인
disjunctive ↔ continuous
dislodge [dislɑ dʒ / -lɔ dʒ] 몰아내다 : to remove or force out from a position or dwelling
previously occupied ensconce ↔ dislodge ensconce [inskáns] 감추다, 숨겨두다; (몸을) 안정시키다, 편안히 앉
히다
dismantle [dismǽntl] v.t. 분해하다, (설비 등을) 제거하다 1. a. to take apart; disassemble; tear down b. to put an end
to in a gradual systematic way 2. to strip of furnishings or equipment 3. to strip of covering or clothing
dismantle : wholeness :: dismantle : united :: adulterate : pristine
dismay [disméi] v. 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 움츠리게 하다, 불안하게 하다 1. to destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or
apprehension 2. to cause to lose enthusiasm; disillusion 3. to upset or alarm
dismay ↔ hearten
dismiss [dismís] v.t. 해산하다, 해고하다, 기각하다 1. to end the employment or service of; discharge 2. to direct or allow to leave 3. a. to stop considering; rid one's mind of; dispel b. to refuse
to accept or recognize; reject 4. (law) to put (a claim or action) out of court without further
hearing dismiss ↔ sanction
disparage [dispǽridʒ] v. 헐뜯다, 비난하다; 깔보다, 경시하다 : DECRY
1. to speak of in a slighting way; belittle 2. to reduce in esteem or rank
epithet : disparage :: alias : mislead epithet (사람, 물건 등을 단적으로 나타내는) 형용어구; (경멸적인)
별명 disparaging : contempt :: estimable : admire disparage : lionize :: (OPPOSITE) disparage ↔ approve, aggrandize, champion, extol, revere, lionize, applaud, adulate
disparagement ↔ champion, kudos kudos [kjú:das] 영광, 명성, 칭찬
disparate [díspərit, dispǽr-] a. 본질적으로 다른 : fundamentally distinct or different in kind; entirely
dissimilar disparate ↔ similar, analogous, like, alike, homogeneous, analogous
dispassionate [dispǽʃənit] a. 공평한, 감정에 좌우되지 않는 : devoid of or unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias
dispassionate ↔ partial, biased, prejudiced, fervent, partisan, intemperate
dispassionate ↔ responsive
dispatch [dispǽtʃ] n. 신속함 v. 급파하다; 급히 해치우다 1. to relegate to a specific destination or send on specific
business 2. a. to complete, transact, or dispose of promptly b. to eat
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up (food); finish off (a dish or meal) 3. to put to death summarily
relegate 지위를 떨어뜨리다; (종류, 등급 등에) 속하게 하다, 분류
하다; 추방하다 dispatch ↔ leisureliness
displace [displeis] 강제 퇴거시키다, 추방하다, 직책에서 끌어내리다, 해임하다
1. To move or shift from the usual place or position, especially to force to leave a homeland: millions of refugees who were displaced by the war.
2. To take the place of; supplant. 3. To discharge from an office or position.
displace : position :: coarsen : texture (직책에서 끌어내리다 : 계급, 지위)
disposal [dispóuzəl] n. 배치, 배열; 처분, 양도, 매각 recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition (OPPOSITE) rehabilitate 사회로 복귀시키다, 건강을 회복시키다, 복직/복권시키
다 disposed ↔ disinclined
disposed [dispóuzd] adj. 하고 싶어하는 : To put into a willing or receptive frame of mind; incline.
disposed ↔ disinclined
dispute [dispjú:t] v. 1. to argue about; debate 2. to question the truth or validity of; doubt 3. to strive to win (a prize, for example); contest for 4. to strive against; resist
dispute ↔ accept disputable ↔ incontrovertible
disquiet [diskwáiət] v. 평정을 잃게 하다 : DISTURB, ALARM : to deprive of peace or rest; trouble
disquiet ↔ put at ease
disregard [dìsrigɑ :rd] v. 주의하지 않다, 무시하다; 소홀히 하다, 경시하다
1. to pay no attention or heed to; ignore 2. to treat without proper respect or attentiveness
flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge (A는 B의 성격을 지님) flout 경멸하다, 비웃다, 멸시하다 taunt 비웃다, 악담을 퍼붓다
disregard ↔ nurture
disrupt [disrʌ pt] v.t. 붕괴시키다 1. to throw into confusion or disorder 2. to interrupt or impede the progress, movement, or
procedure of 3. to break or burst; rupture
saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend saboteur 파괴/방해 행위를 하는 사람 apologist 변명하는 사람, 변호하는 사람
dissect [disékt, dai-] v. 해부하다; 분석하다, 세 히 조사하다 1. to cut apart or separate (tissue), especially for
anatomical study 2. to examine, analyze, or criticize in minute detail
specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse specimen 견본, 실례; 표본, 시험품
dissemble [disémbəl] v. 가장하다, 숨기다 : SIMULATE 1. to disguise or conceal behind a false appearance 2. to make a false show of; feign
dissemble : honesty :: snub : politeness snub 핀잔을 주다 to ignore or behave coldly toward; slight
dissemble : information :: masquerade : feeling masquerade 가장 무도회; 겉치레; 핑계
dissemblance : deception :: ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub ingenuous 솔직한, 숨김없는, 성실한; 순진한, 꾸밈없는 raffish 천한, 저급의; 평판이 나쁜, 방탕한 preen (새가 날개를) 부리로 다듬다(trim); 자랑하다, 우쭐 다
dissembler : forthright :: sadist : benignant dissemble ↔ behave honestly dissembling ↔ candid
disseminate [disémənèit] v.t. 흩뿌리다, 살포하다; (학설 등을) 보급하다, 퍼뜨리다
1. to scatter widely, as in sowing seed 2. to spread abroad; promulgate
promulgate 반포, 공포하다; 널리 퍼뜨리다 disseminate : information :: foment : discontentment disseminate ↔ garner, nucleate garner 저장하다, 축적하다, 모으다 nucleate 핵으로 하다; 핵의 역할을 하다
dissension [disénʃən] n. 의견 불일치, 불화, 분쟁 : difference of opinion; disagreement
concord ↔ dissension
dissent [disént] v. 의견을 달리하다 1. to differ in opinion or feeling 2. to withhold assent or approval
dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group dissent ↔ conform, consent, accede, acquiesce, agree, subscribe, assent, concur
dissertation [dìsərtéiʃən] n. 논문, (특히) 박사 논문 : a lengthy, formal treatise, especially one written by a
candidate for the doctoral degree at a university; a thesis
dissimulate v. (감정 등을) 숨기다; ...인 체하다 : to disguise (one's intentions, for example) under a feigned
appearance
dissipate [dísəpèit] v. (소멸되도록) 흩뜨리다, 탕진하다 1. to drive away; disperse 2. to attenuate to or almost to the point of disappearing 3. a. to spend or expend intemperately or wastefully;
squander b. to use up, especially recklessly; exhaust 4. to cause to lose (energy, such as heat) irreversibly
husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (OPPOSITE) husbandry 농업, 경작, 축산; 검약, 절약 procrastinate 미루다, 꾸물 다
dissipation : temperate :: fecundity : sterile (OPPOSITE) dissipate : stir :: dissipate ↔ accumulate, gather, amass, pile up
dissociate [disóuʃièit] v. 관계를 끊다, 분리하다 : to separate from association or union with another;
separate affiliation ↔ dissociation affiliation 입회, 가입; 합병, 제휴
dissolute [dísəlùːt] a. 방탕한, 무절제한 : lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or
vices libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag ludicrous 웃기는, 익살맞은; 바보 같은 buffoon 어릿광 , 익살꾼 wag (머리, 꼬리를) 흔들기; 익살꾼, 재치가 풍부한 사람
voluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness voluble 유창한, 달변의 marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent licentious [laisénʃəs] 음탕한, 부도덕한
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dissolute ↔ thrift
dissolve [dizɑ lv / -zɔ lv] v. 용해하다 clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve :: caustic : burn coagulant 응고제; 지혈제
dissolve : insoluble :: bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant consolidate, coagulate ↔ dissolve
dissonance [dísənəns] n. 불일치, 불협화음 1. a harsh, disagreeable combination of sounds; discord 2. lack of agreement, consistency, or harmony; conflict
dissonance ↔ concord
dissonant [dísənənt] (소리가) 조화되지 않는, 불협화음의; 상반되
는, 모순 되는 1. harsh and inharmonious in sound; discordant 2. being at variance; disagreeing 3. (music) constituting or producing a dissonance
dissuade [diswéid] v.t. 단념시키다 : to deter from a course of action or a purpose by
persuasion or exhortation ex.dissuaded my friend from pursuing such a rash scheme. remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure (명 : 동) remonstrance 항의, 항변; 충고, 간언, 타이름
resolute : dissuade :: obstreperous : control obstreperous 사납게 날뛰는, 다루기 힘든; 떠들썩한, 시끄러운
inexorable : dissuasion : indomitable : conquest inexorable 변경할 수 없는, 불변의; 냉혹한, 무정한
dissuade ↔ abet, enhance, exhort
distain [dìstéin] v. 변색시키다, 더럽히다 distain ↔ treat favorably
distal [dístəl] adj. 먼 부위의, 말초/말단의 1. anatomically located far from a point of reference, such
as an origin or a point of attachment 2. situated farthest from the middle and front of the jaw, as
a tooth or tooth surface distal ↔ proximal proximal 근접한; 중심에 가까운
distemper [distémpər] n. 불쾌, 병 1. an infectious viral disease occurring in dogs,
characterized by loss of appetite, a catarrhal discharge from the eyes and nose, vomiting, fever, lethargy, partial paralysis caused by destruction of myelinated nerve tissue, and sometimes death. Also called canine distemper.
2. a similar viral disease of cats characterized by fever, vomiting, diarrhea leading to dehydration, and sometimes death. Also called feline distemper, panleukopenia.
distend [disténd] v. 확장시키다, 부풀게 하다 to swell out or expand from or as if from internal pressure
distend ↔ constrict, condense, deflate, contract distention ↔ compression
distill [distíl] v. 증류하다, 순화시키다 distill : pure :: liquefy : fluid distill : purity :: leaven : volume
distillation [dìstəléiʃən] n. 증류(법); 추출된 것, 증류물 distillate [dístəl`eit] n. 증류액 1. a liquid condensed from vapor in distillation 2. a purified form; an essence
distillate : purity :: synopsis : conciseness
distinction [distíŋkʃən] n. 구별, 명성 distinct a. 별개의, 독특한; 명료한, 뚜렷한 distinctive a. 뚜렷이 구별되는
nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion (A << B) nuance 뉘앙스, 미묘한 차이
nebulous ↔ distinct nebulous 성운의; 막연한, 불분명한; 불투명한, 혼탁한
repute ↔ lack of distinction repute 평가, 평판; 호평, 명성
distinct ↔ undifferentiated, undifferential
distinguished [distíŋgwiʃt] a. 뛰어난; 기품 있는, 고귀한 1. characterized by excellence or distinction; eminent 2. dignified in conduct or appearance
eminent ↔ undistinguished eminent 저명한, 탁월한; 우뚝 솟은, 돌출한
distort [distɔ ːrt] v.t. 왜곡하다 1. to twist out of a proper or natural relation of parts;
misshape 2. to give a false or misleading account of; misrepresent 3. to cause to work in a twisted or disorderly manner; pervert
brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature
distract [distrǽkt] v.t. 산만하게 하다 1. to cause to turn away from the original focus of attention
or interest; divert 2. to pull in conflicting emotional directions; unsettle
intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract intrepid 두려움을 모르는, 용감한 resolutely courageous; fearless deter 단념시키다; 방해하다 to prevent or discourage from acting, as
by means of fear or doubt rapt 몰두해 있는, 넋을 잃은; 황홀해 있는
distract : concentration :: (A는 B를 ↓) rapt ↔ distracted
distraught [distrɔ ːt] a. 몹시 동요된, 미칠 지경인 1. deeply agitated, as from emotion conflict 2. mad; insane
troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious (A << B) covetous 탐내는, 갈망하는; 욕심 많은 rapacious 약탈하는, 착취하는; 탐욕스러운, 만족할 줄 모르는
distraught ↔ composed
ditch [ditʃ] n. 도랑 v. 도랑을 파다 n. (Wordnet 사전 2006) (자연적, 인공적인 것 모두 됨) 1. a long narrow excavation in the earth 2. any small natural waterway
ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern canyon A narrow chasm with steep cliff walls, cut into the earth by
running water; a gorge. burrow 굴; 은신처, 굴을 파다 cavern 큰 동굴
ditty [díti] n. 짤막한 노래 : a simple song
fable : tale :: ditty : song (A ∈ B) ditty : oratorio :: anecdote : novel
diurnal [daiə ːrnəl] a. 날마다의, 매일의; 주간의 1. relating to or occurring in a 24-hour period; daily 2. occurring or active during the daytime rather than at night 3. (botany) opening during daylight hours and closing at
night diurnal ↔ nocturnal, chiefly active at night
diverge [divə ːrdʒ, dai-] vi. 분기하다, 벗어나다; 의견을 달리하
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다; 탈선하다 1. to go or extend in different directions from a common
point; branch out 2. to differ, as in opinion or manner 3. to depart from a set course or norm; deviate * divergent adj.
ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent diverge : apart :: traverse : across :: involve : among traverse 가로지르다, 횡단하다; 왔다 갔다 하다
diverge ↔ come together divergent ↔ convergent confluence, unification ↔ divergence confluence (하천 등의) 합류; 집합, 모임; 군중
diversity [divə :rsəti] n. 상이, 다양(성) 1. a. the fact or quality of being diverse; difference b. a
point or respect in which things differ 2. variety or multiformity
diversity ↔ uniformity
divert [divə ːrt, dai-] v.t. 딴 데로 돌리다 : DEFLECT 1. to turn aside from a course or direction 2. to distract 3. to entertain by distracting the attention from worrisome
thoughts or cares; amuse divert : shunt :: retard : brake shunt 전환, 전철기(switch) cf. shun 피하다 to avoid deliberately
divest [divést] 1. to strip, as of clothes (옷 등을) 벗기다 2. a. to deprive, as of right or property; dispossess b. to free
of; rid 박탈하다, 빼앗다 divestiture ↔ acquisition divest ↔ endow
divulge [divʌ ldʒ, dai-] v.t. 폭로하다, 누설하다 : to make known (something private or secret)
divulge ↔ conceal, keep secret
docile [dɑ s:əl] adj. 고분고분한, 다루기 쉬운 1. ready and willing to be taught; teachable 2. yielding to supervision, direction, or management;
tractable docile ↔ tenacious docility ↔ tenacity, tenaciousness
doctrine [dɑ ktrin / dɔ k-] n. 교리, 주의 : DOGMA doctrine : heretical, heterodox :: course : errant heretical 이단의, 이설의, 이교도의 heterodox 이단의 ↔ orthodox 정통의
dodder [dɑ dər / dɔ d-] vi. 비틀거리다, 몸을 떨다 1. to shake or tremble, as from old age; totter 2. to progress in a feeble, unsteady manner
dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly cavort (말이) 뛰어다니다; 신나서 떠들고 다니다
dodge [dɑdʒ|d dʒ] v. 재빨리 몸을 피하다, 교묘히 몸을 피하다; 속이다, 발뺌하다
1. to avoid (a blow, for example) by moving or shifting quickly aside
2. to evade (an obligation, for example) by cunning, trickery, or deceit
dodge : blow :: escape : capture dodge ↔ confront, face, seek
doff [dɑf, dɔ(ː)f] v.t. 벗다 : to take off; remove
doff ↔ don
dogged [dɔ (ː)gid, dɑ g-] a. 완고한, 끈질긴 : stubbornly persevering; tenacious; marked by stubborn
determination dogged ↔ yielded, easily discouraged, reluctant, hesitating
doggerel [dɔ (ː)gərəl, dɑ g-] n. 광시, 운율이 엉망인 엉터리 시 : crudely or irregularly fashioned verse, often of a humorous
or burlesque nature doggerel : verse, poem :: burlesque : play :: sketch : drawing :: potboiler : article, novel burlesque 풍자문, 풍자적 희극, 광 극 potboiler A literary or artistic work of poor quality, produced quickly
for profit.
doggo [dɔ (ː)gou, dɑ g-] ad. 숨어서 : in hiding
dogma [dɔ (ː)gmə, dɑ g-] n. 교리, 정설 1. (theology) a doctrine or a corpus of doctrines relating to
matters such as morality and faith, set forth in an authoritative manner by a church 2. an authoritative principle, belief, or statement of ideas or
opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true 3. a principle or belief or a group of them
dogma : iconoclast :: convention : maverick (B break A) dogma ↔ heresy heresy 이론, 반론, 이단
doldrums [dóuldrəmz, dɑ l-, dɔ (ː)l-] n. 열 무풍지 ; 침체, 부진; 침울, 우울 1. a. a period of stagnation or slump b. a period of depression or unhappy listlessness 2. a. a region of the ocean near the equator, characterized by
calms, light winds, or squalls b. the weather conditions characteristic of these regions of
the ocean doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue (LACK) depravity 타락, 부패 moral corruption or degradation; a depraved act
or condition
doleful [dóulfəl] adj. 슬픔에 잠긴; 우울한 1. filled with or expressing grief; mournful 2. causing grief
doleful ↔ joyful
dolorous [dɑ lərəs, dóulə- / dɔ lə-] a. 비통한, 슬픈 : marked by or exhibiting sorrow, grief, or pain
dolorous ↔ jubilant, jovial, happy
dolt [doult] n. 얼뜨기 wag : humorous :: dolt : stupid (CHARACTER)
domicile [dɑ misail, -səl, dóum-|dɔ m-] n. 거주지, 집; 주소 : 1. a residence; a home 2. one's legal residence
nomad : domicile :: freelance : employer nomad 유목민; 방랑자
domination [dɑ mənéiʃən / dɔ m-] n. 지배 a. mastery or supremacy over another or others b. the exercise of such mastery or supremacy
supremacy 지고, 최고; 주권, 패권; 우위, 우월 gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination chicanery 속임수; 발뺌 deception by trickery or sophistry; a
subterfuge impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued (OPPOSITE) impervious 통과시키지 않는; 영향을 받지 않는; 견디는
inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest inexorable 변경할 수 없는, 불변의; 냉혹한, 무정한
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dominant ↔ recessive recessive 후퇴하는, 역행/퇴행성의; 열성의
domineering [dɑ məníəriŋ / dɔ məníər-] a. 오만한, 횡포한, 폭군적인 : tending to domineer; overbearing
contemptuous, imperious, domineering ↔ deferential
don [dɑn / dɔn] 입다, 쓰다, 신다 1. to put on (clothing) 2. to assume or take on
doff ↔ don
donor [dóunər] n. 기증자 legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor predecessor 전임자, 선배; 조상
doodle [dúːdl] v. 무의미한 낙서를 끼적거리다; 빈둥거리다 1. to scribble aimlessly, especially when preoccupied 2. to kill time
draw : doodle :: travel : ramble :: walk : amble amble (말이) 측 보로 걷다; 천천히/한가롭게 걷다(stroll) to walk
slowly or leisurely; stroll
dormant [dɔ :rmənt] adj. 잠자는, 활발치 못한; 실행되지 않은, 놀고 있는
1. lying asleep or as if asleep; inactive 2. latent but capable of being activated 3. temporarily quiescent 4. in a condition of biological rest or inactivity
characterized by cessation of growth or development and the suspension of many metabolic processes
dormant : inactivity :: malleable : plasticity dormant ↔ active, dynamic, attentive, conscious, energetic, vigorous dormancy ↔ activity
dose [dous] n. 1회 복용량 v. 복용시키다 (medicine) 1. a specified quantity of a therapeutic agent, such as a
drug or medicine, prescribed to be taken at one time or at stated intervals
2. the amount of radiation administered as therapy to a given site
dose : medicine :: ration : food dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment
dote [dout] 맹목적으로 사랑하다 : to show excessive love or fondness
upbraid : reproach :: dote : like (A >> B) upbraid [ʌpbréid] 나무라다; 비난하다 to reprove sharply; reproach
dour [duər, dauər] a. 엄한 STERN; 기분이 언짢은, 뚱한 1. marked by sternness or harshness; forbidding 2. silently ill-humored; gloomy 3. sternly obstinate; unyielding 예; a dour look 뚱한 얼굴
dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness genial 다정한, 상냥한; 온난한, 쾌적한 bumptious 거만한, 오만한 crudely or loudly assertive; pushy
dour : tractable :: bumptious : humble dour ↔ congenial, genial, jocund
dove [dʌv] n. 비둘기; 순결, 애정, 평화; 순진한 사람, 평화주의자 1. a gentle, innocent person 2. a person who advocates peace, conciliation, or
negotiation in preference to confrontation or armed conflict
dove ↔ warmonger, jingoist
downpour [daunpɔ ːr] n. 억수 같은 비 : a heavy fall of rain
downpour : flooding :: wind : erosion (A cause B) cf. weathering 풍화 (작용) any of the chemical or mechanical
processes by which rocks exposed to the weather undergo changes in character and break down
doyen [dɔ iən] n. 고참자, 가 : a man who is the eldest or senior member of a group
eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated (OPPOSITE) uninitiated not knowledgeable or skilled; inexperienced
doze [douz] v. 꾸벅꾸벅 졸다 : to sleep lightly and intermittently
doze : sleep :: nudge : prod (A << B) nudge 팔꿈치로 살짝 찌르다, 가볍게 다 prod 쑤시다, 찔러 넣다; 격려하다, 자극하여 ∼시키다
drab [dræb] a. 충충한 갈색의; 단조로운, 재미없는; 생기 없는 1. (color) a. of a dull light brown b. of a light olive brown or
khaki color 2. faded and dull in appearance 3. dull or commonplace in character; dreary
drab : cheer :: simple : profundity (OPPOSITE)
draconian [dreikóuniən] a. 가혹한, 엄격한 : CRUEL, SEVERE : exceedingly harsh; very severe 예; draconian tax 엄한 조세
draconian : inclemency :: fretful : vexation inclement 혹독한, 사나운; 냉혹한 stormy; unmerciful fretful 안달하는, 성마른 vexation 신경질남, 짜증나게 하기
palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity palmy 영광에 빛나는, 번영하는 prosperous; flourishing
draconian ↔ indulgent, mild, lenient, genial, lax indulgent 관 한, 너그럽게 봐주는 = lenient lenient 관 한, 인정이 많은 inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful,
generous, or indulgent
draw [drɔː] v. (사람, 주의, 흥미 등을) 끌다 draw : penchant :: penchant 강한 기호, 경향; 취미, 기호 a definite liking; a strong
inclination
drawl [drɔːl] v. 느리게 말하다 : to speak with lengthened or drawn-out vowels
inch : move :: drawl : speak :: lope : run :: nibble : eat :: lessen : eliminate (A << B) inch; to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees lope (사람이) 성큼성큼 걷다; (말 등이) 천천히 달리다
pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless scoff 비웃음, 조롱, 조소 to mock at or treat with derision bluster 거세게 몰아치다; 고함치다 prate 재잘재잘 지껄이다 to talk idly and at length; chatter
drawl : slow :: deaden : impassive (CHARACTER)
dreary [dríəri] a. 음울한 : GLOOMY, DISMAL 1. dismal; bleak 2. boring; dull
jocund ↔ dreary jocund 유쾌한, 명랑한 sprightly and lighthearted in disposition,
character, or quality
dredge [dredʒ] n. 준설기 v. 준설하다 dredge ↔ fill in
drench [drent∫] v. 흠뻑 적시다, 잠그다(steep) 1. to wet through and through; soak 2. to administer a large oral dose of liquid medicine to (an
animal) 3. to provide with something in great abundance; surfeit
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drenched : wet :: antithetic : different (A >> B) antithetic 조(법)의
drift [drift] n. 표류, 동향 v. 표류하다, 떠돌다 drift ↔ hold fast
drivel [drívəl] vi. 침을 질질 흘리다; 바보처럼 이야기하다 1. to allow to flow from the mouth 침을 질질 흘리다 2. to say (something) stupidly 바보처럼 이야기하다
nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast exaggerated : hyperbole :: nonsensical : drivel
drizzle [drízl] n. 이슬비 : to rain gently in fine, mistlike drops
deluge ↔ drizzle
droll [droul] a. 우스꽝스러운, n. a buffoon v. 까불다 : having a humorous, whimsical, or odd quality : Amusingly odd or whimsically comical
grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh grisly 무시무시한, 으스스한 inspiring repugnance flinch (아픔, 무서움으로) 주춤/움찔하다; 꽁무니 빼다
grouch : irritable :: wag : droll grouch : 토라진 사람, 투덜대는 사람, 투덜거림, 투덜거리다 droll ↔ grave, serious, somber, solemn
drone [droun] v. 단조로운 소리를 내다, 윙윙거리다; 단조롭게 이야기하다 n. 게으름쟁이, 무위도식자
1. to make a continuous low dull humming sound 2. to speak in a monotonous tone 3. to pass or act in a monotonous way
hiss : sibilant :: drone : monotonous :: stammer : halting (CHARACTER) sibilant 쉬 소리가 나는; 치찰음의
drone ↔ speak animatedly, excite,
droop [dru:p] v. 수그러지다; (초목이) 시들다; 의기소침하다 1. to bend or hang downward 2. to bend or sag gradually 3. to sag in dejection or exhaustion
sag 처지다, 내려얹다; 낙심하다, 기운이 없어지다
drop cloth [drapklɔθ] n. (페인트칠을 할 때 등의) 방울막이천 a sheet, as of cloth or plastic, for protection against spills or
dripping, used especially by painters drop cloth : floor :: apron : clothing
droplet [drɑplit / drɔplit] n. 작은 물방울 : a tiny drop
droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide
drove [drouv] n. 가축 떼; FLOCK drove : sheep ::
drudgery [drʌ dʒəri] n. 고역 : tedious, menial, or unpleasant work
drudgery ↔ rewarding work rewarding 가치가 있는, 보람이 있는; 보답이 있는
dryad [dráiəd, - æd] n. 나무/숲의 요정 : WOOD NYMPH
dubious [djúːbiəs] a. 의심스러운 1. fraught with uncertainty or doubt; undecided 2. arousing doubt; doubtful 3. of questionable character
disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction, commitment (A는 B가 없는) disaffected (정부에) 불만을 품은, 반감이 많은; 싫증이 난 conviction 유죄 판결; 죄의 자각, 회오; 확신, 신념
dubious ↔ certain indubitable ↔ questionable
ductile [dʌ ktil] 늘릴 수 있는; 변형시킬 수 있는, 가소성의; 온순한 1. easily drawn into wire or hammered thin 2. easily molded or shaped 3. capable of being readily persuaded or influenced; tractable
ductility : malleable :: toxicity : poisonous ductile ↔ incompliant, unyielding, not bending
dulcet [dʌ lsit] a. 감미로운 MELODIOUS 1. pleasing to the ear; melodious 2. having a soothing, agreeable quality
cacophonous ↔ dulcet, euphonious dulcet : sweet :: raucous : harsh off-key ↔ dulcet off-key 음정이 틀린; 상태가 이상한, 어울리지 않는; 불규칙한
dull [dʌl] a. 둔한, 지루한 tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth tarnish 흐리게 하다, 바래게 하다; (명성을) 더럽히다, 손상시키다 vitrify 유리질로 바꾸다 to change or make into glass or a glassy
substance brilliance ↔ dullness resplendent, perspicuous ↔ dull resplendent 빛나는, 눈부신, 화려한 splendid or dazzling in
appearance; brilliant perspicuous 명쾌한, 명확한 clearly expressed or presented; easy to
understand trenchant ↔ vague, dull trenchant 날카로운, 신랄한; 강력한, 격렬한; 뚜렷한, 명확한
dullard [dʌ lərd] n. 얼간이 : a person regarded as mentally dull; a dolt
dullard ↔ wit (사람)
duly [djú:li] adv. 정식으로, 정당하게, 적절히 duly ↔ improperly, inappropriately, unjustifiably
dune 모래 언덕(sand hill) sand : dune :: word : sentence
dupe [djuːp] n. 잘 속는 놈, 얼간이 : FOOL, v. 속이다, 속여서 ...를 시키다
1. an easily deceived person 2. a person who functions as the tool of another person or
power v. To deceive (an unwary person).
reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe idolater 우상 숭배자; (맹목적인) 심취자
callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity (EQUAL, v:n) 무감각(냉담)하게하다:무감각(냉담)::속이다:표리부동(속이는것) (v:n) impassive 무감동한, 냉담한; 의식을 잃은, 인사불성의 dupe v. 속이다, 속여서 ...를 시키다 n. 곧잘 속는 사람
perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist perspicacity 명민, 통찰력(penetration) acuteness of perception,
discernment, or understanding credulous : dupe :: insensitive : boor dupe : credulous :: libertine : dissolute
duplicity [dju(:)plíṣəti] n. 표리부동, 불성실 1. a. deliberate deceptiveness in behavior or speech b. an
instance of deliberate deceptiveness; double-dealing 2. the quality or state of being twofold or double
duplicity ↔ probity
durable adj. 내구력이 있는, 튼튼한 1. capable of withstanding wear and tear or decay 2. lasting; stable
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flaccidity : firmness :: durable : weariness (OPPOSITE) weary 피곤한, 지친; 싫증난, 지긋지긋한
dwelling [dwéliŋ] n. 주거 : a place to live in
hut : dwelling :: raft : watercraft deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling deportation 국외 추방
potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling potable 음료로 적합한 habitable 살 수 있는, 살기에 알맞은 suitable to live in or on;
inhabitable
dwindle [dwíndl] v. 점점 작아지다, 줄어들다; 쇠퇴하다, 타락하다 : to become gradually less until little remains
dwindle : decrease :: crawl : proceed (A << B) dwindle ↔ increase
dynamo [dáinəmòu] n. 발전기; 정력적인 사람 : an extremely energetic and forceful person
dynamo : retard :: (OPPOSITE) dynamo ↔ laggard
dyspeptic [dispéptik] a. 소화불량인; 화를 잘 내는 1. relating to or having dyspepsia 2. of or displaying a morose disposition * dyspepsia [dispép∫ə|-siə] n. 소화 불량 : disturbed digestion; indigestion
genial ↔ dyspeptic
dyslexia [disléksiə] n. 독서 장애, 실독증(word blindness) a learning disorder marked by impairment of the ability to
recognize and comprehend written words dyslexia : read :: insomnia : sleep
E eaglet [íːglit] n. 독수리 새끼
: a young eagle eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal fawn 새끼 사슴; 비위를 맞추다, 알랑거리다, 아양을 떨다
earmark [íərmɑ ːrk] n. v. (가축에) 귀표를 하다; (돈, 물건 등을) 따로 두다
1. to reserve or set aside for a particular purpose; ALLOCATE
2. to place an identifying or distinctive mark on 3. to mark the ear of (a domestic animal) for identification
budget : earmark :: time : schedule earmark : funds :: schedule : time
earnest [ə ːrnist] a. 진지한 1. marked by or showing deep sincerity or seriousness 2. of an important or weighty nature; grave
facetious ↔ earnest facetious [fəsí:ʃəs] 까부는, 경박한; 우스운 playfully jocular;
humorous
earplug [iərplʌ g] n. 귀마개 earplug : noise :: shield : impact
earshot [íərʃɑ t / - ʃɔ t] n. 청음 거리 : hearing distance : The range within which sound can be heard by the
unaided ear 예; listened until the parade was out of earshot.
earshot : hear :: ken : see ken 이해의 범위; 시야, 시계 perception, understanding; range of
vision
earsplitting [íərsplìtiŋ] a. 귀청이 찢어질 듯한 : loud and shrill enough to hurt the ears
earsplitting : loud :: heartrending : sad heartrending 가슴이 찢어지는 듯한, 비통한
earsplitting : voice ::
earthly [ə :rθli] adj. 지구의, 속세의 earthly ↔ spiritual
earthshaking [əːrθʃèikiŋ] a. 아주 중요한 : MOMENTOUS, CONSEQUENTIAL
: of great consequence or importance earthshaking ↔ trivial, inconsequential
easel [í:z:əl] n. 이젤 easel : canvas :: tripod : camera
eavesdrop [iːvzdrɑ p / iːvzdrɔ p] v. 도청하다, 엿듣다 : to listen secretly to the private conversation of others
hear : eavesdrop :: follow : shadow eavesdrop : listen :: collude : cooperate listener : eavesdropper :: observer : spy
ebullient [ibʌ ljənt] adj. 열광적인; 끓어 넘치는 1. zestfully enthusiastic 2. boiling or seeming to boil; bubbling * ebullience [ibúljəns, -bʌ l-] n. 넘치는 정열 :
EXUBERANCE : zestful enthusiasm
ebullience ↔ calm restraint, impassiveness, lifelessness, torpor, lethargy, lassitude
ebullient : exuberant :: ebullient ↔ torpid, tepid, lethargic torpid 둔한, 활발하지 못한; 무기력한 tepid 미지근한; 열의 없는 ebullient ↔ reticent, somber, impassive
eccentric [ikséntrik, ek-] n. 괴짜 a. 엉뚱한, 별난 형용사 1. departing from a recognized, conventional, or established
norm or pattern 2. deviating from a circular form or path, as in elliptical orbit 3. a. not situated at or in the geometric center b. having the
axis located elsewhere than at the geometric center 명사 : One that deviates markedly from an established norm,
especially a person of odd or unconventional behavior hero : admirable :: eccentric : unconventional eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated doyen 고참, 가, 일인자 uninitiated not knowledgeable or skilled; inexperienced
eccentric ↔ ordinary, orthodox(정통의, 인습적인conventional), regular(0705), commonplace(0611)
regularity ↔ eccentricity
echelon [éʃəlɑ n / -lɔ n] n. (함선, 비행기 등의) 편성, 제형; (지휘, 명령 등의) 계층, 단계
a level of responsibility or authority in a hierarchy; a rank echelon : hierarchy :: (A는 B의 한 단계)
eclat [eiklɑ ː, --] n. 성공; 갈채, 환호 1. great brilliance, as of performance or achievement 2. conspicuous success 3. great acclamation or applause
eclat ↔ fiasco
eclectic [ekléktik] a. 취사선택의; 절충파의 1. selecting what appears to be best in various doctrines,
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methods, or styles 2. made up of combining elements from a variety of sources
eclipse [iklíps] n. (천체) 식(蝕); 명예의 실추 v.t. 실추시키다, ~을 무색하게 하다
n. 1. a fall into obscurity or disuse; a decline 2. a disgraceful of humiliating end; a downfall v.t. 1. a. to cause an eclipse of b. to obscure; darken 2. a. to obscure or diminish in importance, fame, or
reputation b. to surpass; outshine: an outstanding performance that
eclipsed the previous record 예; Elizabethan playwrights were ∼d by the genius of
Shakespeare. 엘리자베스 왕조 시 의 극작가들은 셰익스피
어의 천재성으로 그 존재가 희미해졌다. eclipse : prestige :: enervation : vigor prestige 명성, 신망; 저명, 인기
eclipse : prestige :: enfeeble : vigor eclipse : prominence :: bankruptcy : solvency (A되면 B가 사라짐) eclipse ↔ make distinctive, make more prominent
ecstatic [ekstǽtik] a. 황홀경에 빠진; 기뻐 날뛰는 1. marked by or expressing ecstasy 2. being in a state of ecstasy; enraptured
pleasure : ecstasy :: surprise : astonishment (A << B) astonishment great surprise or amazement
ecstasy ↔ self-control pleased : ecstatic :: tired: exhausted (A<<B)
ecumenical [èkjuménikəl / ìːk-] a. 보편적인, 전반적인 1. of worldwide scope or applicability; universal 2. a. of or relating to the worldwide Christian church b. concerned with establishing or promoting unity among
churches or religions ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity diocesan, parochial ↔ ecumenical parochial [pəróukiəl] 교구의; 지방적인, 국지적인 diocesan [daiásisən] 교구의 of or relating to a diocese
ecumenical ↔ circumscribed, provincial, insular, factional, parochial ecumenism ↔ factionalism insular 섬의; 섬나라 근성의, 편협한
eddy [édi] n. 소용돌이, 회오리바람; 반주류 1. a current, as of water or air, moving contrary to the
direction of the main current, especially in a circular motion
2. a drift or tendency that is counter to or separate from a main current, as of opinion, tradition, or history
stream : eddy :: trend : anomaly anomaly 예외, 파격; 부조화, 모순
edible [édəb:əl] adj. 식용의; 매력적인 fit to be eaten edible : eat :: potable : drink :: palpable : touch
edifice [édəfis] n. 건축물 1. a building, especially one of imposing appearance or size 2. an elaborate conceptual structure
tower : edifice :: rampart : barrier rampart 성벽, 방벽; 방어물; 방어, 수비 barrier 목책, 방벽, 장애물; 가로막는 것
buttress : edifice :: splint : limb buttress 부벽; 지지자, 후원
blueprint : edifice :: syllabus : course
edify v. 덕성을 함양하다, ~을 교화하다
edify ↔ leading astray homily : edifying ::
efface [iféis] v. 삭제하다, 갈아 없애다; 눈에 띄지 않게 하다, 자기
를 내세우지 않다, 표면에 나서지 않다 1. to rub or wipe out; erase 2. to make indistinct as if by rubbing 3. to conduct (oneself) inconspicuously * self-effacing a. 내세우지 않는, 겸손한 : not drawing
attention to oneself; modest * ineffaceable adj. 지울 수 없는, (인상 등이) 잊혀지지 않는
self-effacing ↔ self-aggrandizing effacing ↔ aggrandizing alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface (OPPOSITE) alliterate 두운을 맞추다, 두운법을 쓰다 blazon 자랑삼아 보이다, 과시하다
efface ↔ aggrandize, blazon, emboss efface ↔ bring to prominent/preeminent, institute prominent 돌출한; 눈에 띄는, 두드러진; 유명한, 탁월한
effacing ↔ aggrandizing ineffaceable ↔ erasable
effectual [iféktʃuəl] a. 효과적인, 알맞은, 적절한 : EFFECTIVE : producing or sufficient to produce a desired effect; fully
adequate effectual ↔ unproductive
effeminate adj. 여자 같은, 여성적인; 기력이 없는 1. having qualities or characteristics more often associated
with women than men 2. characterized by weakness and excessive refinement
effervesce [èfərvés] vi. 거품이 일다; 열광하다, 흥분하다, 활기를 띠다 1. to emit small bubbles of gas, as a carbonated or
fermenting liquid, to escape from a liquid as bubbles; bubble up
2. to show high spirits or excitement 형. effervescent(활기찬) 명. effervescence(=effervescency)
effervescence : feeling :: fury, furor : anger (A >> B) effervesce ↔ be flat, droop effervescent ↔ still, droopy, languid, weary droopy 축 처진(예;a dog with droopy ears 귀가 처진 개), 기운이 없
는, 의기소침한 languid 나른한, 맥없는; 흥미 없는, 의욕 없는
effervescence ↔ lassitude, torpor, languor lassitude 피곤, 나른함; 무관심
effete [efíːt] a. 활기 없는, 쇠약한 1. depleted of vitality, force, or effectiveness; exhausted 2. marked by self-indulgence, triviality, or decadence 3. overrefined; effeminate 4. no longer productive; infertile
effeminate 연약한 effete ↔ hale, sound, vigorous, fertile, strengthened hale 강건한, 정정한 free from infirmity or illness; sound
effluvium [eflúːviəm] n. 악취; 부산물(특히 폐물) 1. a usually invisible emanation or exhalation, as of vapor or
gas 2. a. a byproduct or residue; waste b. the odorous fumes
given off by waste or decaying matter 3. an impalpable emanation; an aura
effluvia ↔ desired products
effrontery [efrʌ ntəri] 뻔뻔스러움, 후안무치 : brazen boldness; presumptuousness
effrontery ↔ decorum, timidity
effulgent [efʌ ldʒənt] a. 눈부신 : BRILLIANT
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: shining brilliantly; resplendent bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence (EQUAL, 형 : 명) bootless 무익한, 보람 없는 without advantage or benefit; useless
effulgent : resplendent :: bootless : futile (형 : 형)
effusive [efjúːsiv] a. 지나치게 감정적인; 분출하는 1. unrestrained or excessive in emotional expression; gushy 2. profuse; overflowing
gush : effusive :: rage : irate irate 성난 extremely angry; enraged
emotion : effusive :: liberty : licentious :: manner : grandiose licentious 음탕한, 부도덕한 grandiose 웅장한, 장엄한; 젠체하는, 거드름 피우는
effusive ↔ reticent, listless, torpid, insensitive, lack of emotion, undemonstrative (stable은 오답) reticent 말이 적은, 과묵한; 신중한, 삼가는 listless 내키지 않는, 무관심한; 게으른, 굼뜬 lacking energy or
disinclined to exert effort; lethargic effusiveness ↔ reticence
egalitarian [igǽlit (:)əriən] n. 평등주의자 egalitarian : equity :: meliorism : progress
egoism [í:gouìz:əm] n. 이기심; 자기만족; 이기주의 egoism, egotism ↔ altruism
egress [í:gres] n. 출구, 밖으로 나감 1. the act of coming or going out; emergence 2. the right of going out 3. a path or opening for going out; an exit
egress ↔ entrance
eidetic [aidétik] adj. 눈앞에 선하게 떠오르는, 선명한
elaborate [ilǽbərit]/[ilǽbərèit] a. 정교한 v. 자세히 설명하다 : to expand something in detail 1. planned or executed with painstaking attention to
numerous parts or details 2. intricate and rich in detail
fawn : imperious :: equivocate : direct :: elaborate : sketchy imperious 고압적인, 오만한; 긴급한, 회피할 수 없는
elaborate ↔ abstract, simplify elaborate ↔ common, plain, simple, stark, uncomplicated, uninvolved, stark
equivocate : elaborate ::
elastic [ilǽstik] a. 탄력 있는; 융통성 있는; 관 한 : FLEXIBLE 1. a. easily resuming original shape after being stretched or
expanded; flexible b. springy; rebounding 2. quick to recover, as from disappointment 3. capable of adapting to change or a variety of
circumstances ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch (OPPOSITE) ephemeral 덧없는; 단명의 lasting for a markedly brief time
elastic : expand :: viable : live viable 살아갈 수 있는; 실행 가능한
elastic ↔ rigid, adamantine elasticity ↔ lack of tension inelastic ↔ extended
elated [iléitid] a. 의기양양한, 기뻐 날뛰는 : EXULTANT : marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant elation n. 의기양양함, 우쭐댐, 흔쾌한 기분 elate [iléit] - to make proud or joyful
elate ↔ depress, despond, reprobate, wretched elated ↔ despondent, hangdog, crestfallen, dejected, depressed despondent 낙심한, 풀이 죽은 = dejected hangdog 혼쭐난, 겁먹은, 풀죽은; 비열한, 설설 기는 shamefaced
or guilty; intimidated crestfallen 의기소침한, 풀죽은
elation ↔ dejection, sullenness sullen 시무룩한, 심기가 나쁜
elbow [élbou] n. 팔꿈치 elbow : joint :: heart : organ (A ∈ B)
elective [iléktiv] adj.선거의, 선거로 임용되는; 선택의, 필수가 아닌 1. of or relating to a selection by vote 2. filled or obtained by election 3. having the power or authority to elect; electoral 4. permitting or involving a choice; optional
elective ↔ obligatory
eleemosynary [èlimɑ sənèri, -mɑ z / èliiːmɔ sənəri] a. 자선의, 은혜를 베푸는
1. of, relating to, or dependent on charity 2. contributed as an act of charity; gratuitous
philanthropist : eleemosynary ::
elegant [éligənt] a. 품위 있는 : characterized by or exhibiting refined, tasteful beauty of
manner, form, or style insolent ↔ polite, elegant insolent 오만한, 거만한 presumptuous and insulting in manner or
speech; arrogant
elegy [élədʒi] n. 애가 1. a poem composed in elegiac couplets 2. a. a poem or song composed especially as a lament for a
deceased person b. something resembling such a poem or song
3. (music) a composition that is melancholy or pensive in tone
pensive 생각에 잠긴, 시름에 잠긴 듯한; 구슬픈 elegy : sorrow :: satire : ridicule :: hymn : praise :: eulogy : admiration (A express B) satire 풍자, 비꼼; 풍자문 hymn 찬송가, 찬가; 찬양의 표현
elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence elegy : poem :: paean : song :: tango : dance
elemental [èləméntl] adj. 기본적인, 본래의 : Of, relating to, or being an element * element n. 성분, 요소, 구성분자
nitrogen : element :: biology : science (blue : spectrum은 오답) elemental ↔ tangential, incidental (vague는 오답) tangential; only superficially relevant; divergent incidental; 부수적인, 주요하지 않은 occurring or likely to occur as an
unpredictable or minor accompaniment / of a minor, casual, or subordinate nature
elephantine [èləfǽntain, -ti(ː)n] a. 코끼리의; 거 한, 어색한 : MASSIVE
: enormous in size or strength; ponderously clumsy microscopic ↔ elephantine
elevate [éləvèit] v.t. 승진시키다 : EXALT 1. to move (something) to a higher place or position from a
lower one; lift 2. to increase the amplitude, intensity, or volume of 3. to promote to a higher rank 4. to raise to a higher moral, cultural, or intellectual level 5. to lift the spirits of; elate
debasement ↔ elevation
elicit [ilísit] v.t. 이끌어내다 1. a. to bring or draw out (something latent); educe b. to
arrive at (a truth, for example) by logic 2. to call forth (a reaction, for example); evoke
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evoke ↔ fail to elicit
eligible [élidʒəbl] a. 적격의, 적임의, 바람직한 1. qualified or entitled to be chosen 2. desirable and worthy of choice, especially for marriage
elitism [ilíːtizəm, ei-] n. 엘리트주의 : leadership or rule by an elite
ellipsis [ilípsis] n. 생략 1. a. the omission of a word or phrase necessary for a
complete syntactical construction but not necessary for understanding
b. an example of such omission 2. a mark or series of marks (... or …, for example) used in
writing or printing to indicate an omission, especially of letter or words
ellipsis : sentence :: apostrophes : word, letter
elliptical [ilíptikəl] a. 타원형의; 생략의, (많이 생략되어) 알기 어려운 1. of or relating to extreme economy of oral or written
expression 2. marked by deliberate obscurity of style or expression
elliptical ↔ palpable palpable 쉽사리 알 수 있는; 뚜렷한, 명백한
elongate [ilɔ ːŋgeit / íːlɔŋgèit] v. 연장하다 : to make or grow longer
elongate ↔ shorten, truncate, curtail
elucidate [ilúːsədèit] v. 명료하게 설명하다 : to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify
elucidate : clarity :: abet : encouragement garble, obfuscate, obscure ↔ elucidate, illuminate, explain clearly garble 왜곡하다, 곡해하다; 착각하다 obfuscate 혼란시키다; 알기 어렵게 하다
elucidate ↔ obscure, obfuscate
elude [ilúːd] v. 회피하다, 이해되지 않다 1. to evade or escape from, as by daring, cleverness, or skill 2. to escape the understanding or grasp of
elusive [ilú:siv] a. 정의하기 어려운; 잘 피하는 1. tending to elude capture, perception, comprehension, or
memory 2. difficult to define or describe
elusive : define :: (A = B하기 어려운) elusive ↔ transparent, accessible
emaciate [iméiʃièit] v. 야위게 하다 : to make or become extremely thin, especially as a result
of starvation emaciated : thin :: apoplectic : angry apoplectic 졸중의, 중풍의; 성난, 얼굴이 불그레한, 성급한
emaciate ↔ invigorate, fatten emaciated ↔ corpulent (200510)
emanate [émənèit] vi. 발산하다 : radiate, emit, eject, effuse, give off, send out
: to come or send forth, as from a source emanate ↔ absorb
emancipate [imǽnsəpèit] v. 해방하다 : to free from bondage, oppression, or restraint; liberate
emancipate ↔ enslave, shackle, lasso lasso (소나 말을 잡을 때 쓰는) 올가미 밧줄
emancipation ↔ bondage
embargo [imbɑ ːrgou] n. v. 통상 금지; 입출항 금지 명령; 일반
적인(제한, 방해, 금지) 1. a government order prohibiting the movement of
merchant ships into or out of its ports 2. a prohibition by a government on certain or all trade with
a foreign nation 3. a prohibition; a ban: an embargo on criticism
embargo : commerce :: quarantine : contact quarantine n.v. (질병 예방을 위한) 격리; 검역
embark [embɑ ːrk, im-] v.t. 1. to cause to board a vessel or aircraft 승선하다 2. to enlist (a person or persons) or invest (capital) in an
enterprise 사람이나 돈을 끌어 다 vi. 1. to go abroad a vessel or aircraft, as at the start of a
journey 2. to set out on a venture; commence
embark : funds :: schedule : time (A = B를 계획하다) debut : career :: embarkment : journey conclude ↔ embark on
embarrass [imbǽrəs, em-] v.t. 난처하게 만들다 1. to cause to feel self-conscious or ill at east 2. to involve in or hamper with financial difficulties 3. to hinder with obstacles or difficulties; impede 4. to complicate
blush : embarrassment :: yawn : sleepiness catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment (A >> B) embarrass : shame :: console : comfort console 위안하다, 격려하다 to allay the sorrow or grief of
embarrass : shame :: console : comfort (A하면 B하게 된다) embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle mortify ~에게 굴욕감을 주다 unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement disembarrassment : engagement :: (OPPOSITE) disembarrass (걱정 등에서) 해방하다, 면하게 하다; 안심시키다; (복
잡한 일을) 풀다
embed [imbéd] v.t. 깊이 새겨두다, 박아 넣다 1. to fix firmly in a surrounding mass 2. to enclose firmly 3. to cause to be an integral part of a surrounding whole
waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter (OPPOSITE) waffle 잡담하다; 얼버무리다 to speak or write evasively enunciate 분명하게 발음하다; 명확히 말하다 disinter 파내다, 발굴하다; 세상에 내놓다
embed, implant ↔ extract, excise excise (구, 문장 등을) 삭제하다, 지우다 / (종기 등을 몸에서) 절개하다, 잘라내다
embezzle [embézəl, im-] v. 횡령하다 : to appropriate (money, for example) for one's own use in
violation of a trust embezzle : funds :: usurp : power usurp (지위, 권력 등을) 폭력으로 입수하다, 강탈하다; 불법으로 사
용하다 forgery : counterfeit :: embezzlement : fraud counterfeit 위조, 가짜, 위작 fraud 사기, 기만 smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate embezzlement : fraud :: cronyism : favoritism
embolden [embóuldən] v. 담하게 만들다; (남을 ~하도록) 격려하다 : to foster boldness or courage in; encourage
appall ↔ embolden, nerve 용기를 북돋우다 appall 놀라게 하다, 오싹하게 하다 to fill with consternation or dismay
embolden ↔ abash, faze, cow, appall, daunt, boggle, thwart faze 곤란하게 하다, 당황하게 하다 to disrupt the composure of;
disconcert cow (폭력, 협박으로) 위협하다, 으르다 to frighten with threats or a
show of force daunt ~을 위협하다, ~을 무섭게 하다 boggle ~을 놀라게 하다
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embolden ↔ intimidate (0612), fright(=frighten), deaden, discourage, bring down, dishearten, dampen, subdue intimidate ~을 두려워하게 하다, 겁먹게 하다, ~을 협박하(여~하
게 하)다 to make timid; fill with fear / to coerce or inhibit by or as if by threats
fright = frighten
emboss [embás] v.두드러지게 하다, 돋을새김으로 하다; 부풀리다 emboss ↔ flatten out
embrace [imbréis] n. v. 포옹, 받아들이다 : HUG 1. to clasp or hold close with the arms, usually as an
expression of affection 2. a. to surround; enclose b. to twine around 3. to include as part of something broader 4. to take up willingly or eagerly 5. to avail oneself to
embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference :: blush : embarrassment (SIGN)
abrogate, eschew ↔ embrace abrogate (법령 등을) 폐지하다 to abolish, do away with, or annul,
especially by authority eschew [istʃú:] 삼가다, 회피하다 to avoid; shun
abjure, abrogate, eschew, renounce ↔ embrace, espouse abjure (신앙, 주의 등을) 버리다, 취소하다; 포기하다 eschew 삼가다, 피하다, 회피하다
ostracize ↔ include, embrace ostracize [ástrəsàiz] (사회적으로) 추방하다; 오스트라시즘에 의해
추방하다 spurn ↔ court, crave, embrace spurn 퇴짜 놓다, 거절하다 court 호의를 얻으려고 하다, 비위를 맞추다; 구애하다 crave 갈망하다; 요구하다, 필요로 하다
embroider [embróidə:r] v.(옷에) 수를 놓다; (이야기 등을) 꾸미다 1. to ornament with needlework 2. to make by means of needlework 3. to add embellishment or fanciful details to
embroider : cloth :: chase : metal chase (금속에) 돋을무늬를 내다
emigrate [éməgrèit] v. 이민 가다 : to leave one country or region to settle in another
repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification (OPPOSITE) repatriate (포로 등을) 본국으로 송환하다 repeal 정식으로 취소하다; 무효로 하다 to revoke or rescind,
especially by an official or formal act ratify 승인/비준하다 to approve and give formal sanction to; confirm
emigrate : exile :: enlist : conscript (B는 강제적) conscript (군대에) 징집하다, 징병하다, (노동력 등을) 징발하다
eminence [émənəns] n. 고귀, 저명 : a position of great distinction or superiority
master, maven : experience :: luminary : eminence maven 박식한 사람, 전문가 a person who has special knowledge or
experience; an expert luminary 발광체; 훌륭한 사람, 선각자, 권위자
eminent [émənənt] a. 저명한; (신분, 지위 등이) 높은; 뛰어난, 탁월한; 현저한, 두드러진
1. towering or standing out above others; prominent 2. of high rank, station, or quality; noteworthy 3. outstanding, as in character or performance;
distinguished eminent ↔ undistinguished, unextraordinary
emit [imít] v. 내뿜다, 방출하다; (법령을) 공포하다; (의견을) 말하다 1. to give or send out matter or energy 2. a. to give out as sound; utter b. to voice; express
3. to issue with authority, especially to put (currency) into circulation
emit ↔ absorb
emollient [imɑ ljənt / imɔ l-] n. (피부) 연화제 : something that softens or soothes a. 1. softening and soothing, especially to the skin 2. making less harsh or abrasive; molifying
emollient : soothe :: dynamo : generate emollient : suppleness :: desiccant : dryness supple 나긋나긋한, 잘 휘는; 비위를 맞추는, 비굴한
emphasis [émfəsis] n. 강조, 역설, 주안점 underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownership (SIGN) underscore v. 밑줄을 치다; 강조하다, 역설하다 n. 밑줄
empathetic, empathic [empəθétik] a. 감정 이입의, 공감할 수 있는 empathy n. [émpəθi] 1. identification with and understanding of another's
situation, feelings, and motives; pity 2. the attribution of one's own feelings to an object
empathetic ↔ insensitive
empirical [empírikəl] adj. 경험에 의한, 경험상의, 경험주의의 empirical ↔ theoretical
emporium [impɔ :riəm] n. 큰 상점, 백화점 emporium : commerce :: laboratory : experimentation :: court : trial :: stadium : game
empower [impáuər] v. 권리를 주다, <남에게>~하는 것을 허락하다 to invest with power, especially legal power or official
authority empower ↔ revoke the authority enfranchise ↔ disempower
empty-handed [émptihǽndid] a. 빈손의, 아무 소득 없는 1. bearing nothing 2. having received or gained nothing
emulate [émjəlèit] v.t. 필적하다, 열심히 모방하다 1. to strive to equal or excel, especially through imitation 2. to compete with successfully; approach or attain equality
with obviate : unnecessary :: reduce : smaller (A하면 B하게 된다) emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary (A하면 B하게 된다/B하니까 A하다) obviate (곤란 등을) 예방하다; 필요 없게 하다 exemplary 본보기의, 전형적인
emulate : exemplar :: admire : paragon emulation : exemplar :: deference : authority
emulous [émjələs] a. 뒤지지 않으려는; 경쟁적인, 겨루는 1. eager or ambitious to equal or surpass another 2. characterized or prompted by a spirit of rivalry
enact [enǽkt] v.t. (법률을) 제정하다; 배역을 연기하다 1. to make into law 2. to act (something) out, as on a stage
rescission ↔ enactment rescission [risíʒən] 무효, 취소, 폐지 rescind [risínd] 폐지하다 to make void; repeal or annul
enact ↔ repeal, rescind
enamel [inǽməl] n. 도료; 치과용 에나멜질 enamel : tooth :: bark : tree :: skin, rind : apple :: crust : loaf rind 껍질 a tough outer covering such as bark, the skin of some fruits
enclosure [enklóuʒər] n. 1. a. the act of enclosing b. the state of being enclosed 2. something enclosed
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3. something that encloses stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support stockade [stakéid] 방책; 우리
encomium [enkóumiəm] n. 찬사 1. warm, glowing praise 2. a formal expression of praise; a tribute * encomiast 찬사를 보내는 사람, 찬양자
encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil quibble 회피하다, 핑계를 다; 트집을 잡다 cavil 덮어놓고 이의를 제기하다; 트집을 잡다 to find fault
unnecessarily; raise trivial objections encomium : eulogize :: discontent : complain :: quibble : cavil encomium ↔ harsh criticism, invective
encompass [inkʌ mpəs] v. 둘러싸다, 포함하다 1. to form a circle or ring around; surround 2. to enclose; envelop 3. to constitute or include 4. to accomplish; achieve
encompass ↔ exclude, leave out
encounter [enkáuntər] n. 조우; 충돌, 결 1. a meeting, especially one that is unplanned, unexpected,
or brief 2. a. a hostile or adversarial confrontation; a contest b. an
often violent meeting; a clash circumlocution ↔ direct encounter circumlocution (말을) 에두르기; 완곡한 표현
encourage v. 용기를 북돋우다, 격려하다, ~을 촉진하다, 장려하다 1. to inspire with hope, courage, or confidence; hearten 2. to give support to; foster 3. to stimulate; spur
encourage ↔ appall
encumber [enkʌ mbə:r] v. 방해하다; (장애물로) 막다 1. to put a heavy load on; burden 2. to hinder or impede the action or performance of 3. to burden with legal or financial obligations * encumbrance n. 장애물
encumbrance : hinder :: palliative : mitigate palliative 완화제, 당장을 모면하기(하는 방책), 참작해야 할 정상 encumber ↔ remove impediment, unburden, assist, aid, facilitate impediment 방해, 장애; 신체적 장애
encyclopedia [ensàikloupíːdiə] n. 백과사전 * encyclopedic a. 백과사전적인, 제반 지식에 정통한, 박식(해
박)한 encyclopedia : compendious :: assay : objective :: summary : condensed :: abstract : concise compendious 요점을 잘 잡은, 간결한 containing or stating briefly
and concisely all the essentials assay [əseéi] 시험하다, 시금하다; 정 히 조사하다, 평가하다
encyclopedia : compendious :: abstract : condensed encyclopedic ↔ narrow, specific, exclusive, selective, restricted
endemic [endémik] a. 어떤 지방 특유의, 풍토성인 : prevalent in or peculiar to a particular locality, region, or
people endemic : region :: inborn : individual inborn 타고난, 천부의, 선천적인 endemic ↔ exotic, foreign
endorse [endɔ ːrs / in-] v.t. 승인하다, 배서하다 1. to write one's signature on the back of (a check, for
example) as evidence of the legal transfer of its ownership, especially in return for the cash or credit indicated on its face
2. to place (one's signature), as on a contract, to indicate
approval of its contents or terms 3. to acknowledge (receipt of payment) by signing a bill,
draft, or other instrument 4. to give approval of or support to, especially by public
statement; sanction rider : bill :: endorsement : policy rider 기수; 추가, 보충; 부칙(附則)
endow : income :: endorse : approval endow 기부하다; (재능, 권리 등을) 주다, 부여하다
endorse ↔ oppose publicly impugn, deprecate ↔ endorse impugn 비난하다, 논박하다 to attack as false or questionable;
challenge in argument
endow [endɑ u] v. 기부하다; (재능, 권리 등을) 주다, 부여하다 1. to provide with property, income, or a source of income 2. a. to equip or supply with a talent or quality b. to imagine
as having a usually favorable trait or quality endow : income :: endorse : approval endow ↔ divest, deprive, deny, disown
enduring [indjúəriŋ, en-] a. 영구적인 : LASTING, DURABLE 1. lasting; continuing; durable 2. long-suffering; patient
ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch (OPPOSITE) inelastic 탄력이 없는; 완고한, 융통성 없는
ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living transitory : endure :: immutable : change transitory ↔ enduring enduringness ↔ transitoriness
enervate [énərvèit] v.t. 약화시키다 a. 활력을 잃은, 무기력한
(=enervated) : to lessen the vitality or strength of cf> 명사형 enervation 무기력, (신경)쇠약
enervate : vitality, strength :: debase : value :: hamstring : effectiveness curtail : period :: enervate : energy :: desiccate : moisture eclipse : prestige :: enervation, enfeeblement : vigor :: amnesia : memory eclipse (명성 등의) 실추, 쇠퇴 prestige 명성, 신망; 저명, 인기
dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength dispirit 기운을 잃게 하다, 의기소침하게 하다 to lower in or deprive
of spirit; dishearten enervate : vigor, vitality :: palliate : nerve :: debase : value palliate 변명하다, 완화하다
enervate ↔ invigorate, fortify, strengthen enervation ↔ vitality
enfeeble [infíːbəl, en-] v.t. 약화시키다 : to make feeble; deprive of strength
eclipse : prestige :: enervation, enfeeble : vigor eclipse n. 권위의 실추, 쇠퇴 v. 실추시키다
eclipse : prestige :: enfeeble : strength enfeeble ↔ invigorate tonic ↔ enfeebling
enfranchise [enfrǽntʃaiz] v.t. 참정권을 주다; (노예 등을) 해방하다 1. to bestow a franchise on 2. to endow with the rights of citizenship, especially the right
to vote 3. to free, as from bondage
enfranchise : vote :: license : practice :: illuminate : see :: educate : learn (A는 B를 가능하게 하는 것, 참고로 ignite : burn의 경우 ‘선후관계’에 가까우므로 답이 아닐 때도 있음)
enfranchise ↔ enfetter, subjugate, resubject, disempower enfetter 차꼬를 채우다, 속박하다 to bind in fetters; enchain subjugate 지배 하에 두다, 장복하다 to bring under control; enslave
engage
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1. to obtain or contract for the services of; employ 끌어들이
다, 관련시키다 2. to arrange for the use of; reserve 3. to pledge or promise, especially to marry 약혼하다 4. to attract and hold the attention of 몰두하다
engender [endʒéndər] v.t. 낳다, 야기하다 : PRODUCE 1. to bring into existence; give rise to 2. to procreate; propagate
quash, eradicate ↔ engender quash 진압하다, 가라앉히다 to set aside or annul, especially by
judicial action
engross [engróus] v.t. 몰두시키다, (마음을) 빼앗다; 매점하다, 독점하다 1. to occupy exclusively; absorb 2. to acquire most or all of (a commodity); monopolize (a
market) 3. a. to write or transcribe in a large, clear hand b. to write
print the final draft of (an official document) engrossed : absorbed :: intimate : close (EQUAL) engrossed : occupied :: (A>>B)
enigmatic [ènigmǽtik, ìn-] a. 수수께끼 같은, 불가사의한 : MYSTERIOUS
: of or resembling an enigma; puzzling enigma n. 수수께끼
enigma : perplexing :: (CHARACTER) enigma : impenetrable :: juggernaut : unstoppable enigmatic : simplistic :: (OPPOSITE) enigmatic : lucid :: (OPPOSITE) enigmatic ↔ broadly known, readily understandable, free of ambiguity
enlarge [enlɑ ːrdʒ] v. 확 [확장]하다 : to become larger 1. to make larger; add to 2. to give greater scope to; expand
enlarge ↔ shorten
enlighten [enláitn] v.t. 계몽하다; 가르치다, 알리다 1. to give spiritual or intellectual insight to 2. to give information to; inform or instruct
enlighten ↔ baffle, confound
enmity [énməti] n. 증오, 미움, 악의; 재립, 적 : deep-seated, often mutual hatred
enmity ↔ amity, camaraderie, comity, concord, friendship, friendliness, affinity, agreement
ennoble [enóubl] v.t. 고상하게 하다; 작위를 내리다 : ELEVATE 1. to make noble 2. to confer nobility upon
debase ↔ ennoble
ennui [ɑ ːnwíː, --] n. 권태, 따분함 : listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of
interest; boredom ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic :: somnolence : alert apathetic 무감동의; 냉담한, 무관심한 somnolent 졸린; 잠이 오게 하는
ennui ↔ energy, enthusiasm, keen interest, exuberance, excitement exuberance 풍부, 윤택, 충만 exuberant 넘쳐흐르는, 원기 왕성한, 열광적인
enrage [enrèid3] - to put into a rage; infuriate enrage ↔ subside
enrapture [enrǽptʃər] v. 기뻐서 어쩔 줄 모르다 : RAPTURE : to fill with rapture or delight
rapture 기쁜, 환희, 황홀 the state of being transported by a lofty
emotion; ecstasy enraptured ↔ indifferent, distracted, impassive distracted 마음이 산란한, 주의가 산만한
enrich [enrít∫] v. 부유하게 하다, 풍부하게 하다, 향상시키다 1. to make rich or richer 2. to make fuller, more meaningful, or more rewarding 3. to add fertilizer to 4. to add nutrients to 5. to add to the beauty or character of; adorn
enrich ↔ deplete, impoverish
ensconce [inskɑ ns / -skɔ ns] v. 감추다, 숨겨두다; 편안히 앉히다, 안정시키다
1. to settle (oneself) securely or comfortably 2. to place or conceal in a secure place
ensconce ↔ dislodge, displace, unsettle, reveal, disclose, exhibit dislodge; to remove or force out from a position or dwelling previously
occupied
ensemble [`a:nsɑ :mbl] n. 총체, 전체적 효과; 합주, 합창 1. a unit or group of complementary parts that contribute to
a single effect, especially a. a coordinated outfit or costume b. a group of supporting musicians, singers, dancers, or
actors who perform together 2. (music) a. a work for two or more vocalists or instrumentalists b. the vocalists or instrumentalists who perform such a work
ensemble ↔ solo
enslave [ensléiv] v.t. 예속시키다 : SUBJUGATE : to make into or as if into a slave
manumit ↔ enslave manumit (노예 상태에서) 해방하다 to free from slavery or bondage;
emancipate
ensuing [ensúːiŋ] adj. 뒤이어 일어나는 : to take place afterward or as a result * ensue [insjú:] v. 계속되다, 잇따라 일어나다; 결과로 일어나다 1. to follow as a consequence or result 2. to take place subsequently
anterior ↔ ensuing anterior 앞에 놓인; 앞의, 이전의, 앞선 follow : 뒤따르다, 다음에 오다. succeed : 지위·직책 등을 이어받다.
ensue ↔ precede anterior ↔ ensuing
entangle [entǽŋgl] v.t. 뒤얽히게 하다, (골치 아픈 일에) 말려들
게 하다; 난처하게 하다 1. to twist together or entwine into a confusing mass; snarl 2. to complicate; confuse 3. to involve in or as if in a tangle
exonerate : blame :: disentangle : snarl (OPPOSITE) disentangle ↔ snarl snarl [sna:rl] 고함치다; 가시 돋친 어조로 말하다 엉클어지게 하다; 혼란시키다, 얽히게 하다 to become tangled or
confused
enthrall [inθrɔ :l] v. 매혹하다; 사로잡다, 노예로 하다(enslave) 1. to hold spellbound; captivate 2. to enslave
enthrall ↔ liberate, release, emancipate, bore, disenchant, dull
enthusiasm [enθúːziæ zəm] n. 열정 1. great excitement for or interest in a subject or cause 2. a source or cause of great excitement or interest
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ennui : enthusiastic :: fervent : apathetic (OPPOSITE) enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia :: covet : rapacity paranoia 망상증, 편집증 rapacity 탐욕
reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm (A >> B) avidity 탐욕, 갈망 arden desire or craving; eagerness
ennui ↔ energy, enthusiasm ennui listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest;
boredom halfhearted ↔ enthusiastic
entice [entáis] v.t. 유혹, 선동하다 : TEMPT : to attract by arousing hope or desire; lure enticement n.
command : entreaty :: goad : enticement (A >> B) enticing : tempt :: affectionate : love (EQUAL, 형 : 동) enticement : tempt :: (EQUAL) formidable ↔ enticing formidable 무서운, 용기를 꺾는, 위협적인; 경외심을 불러일으키는
entice ↔ deter
entrance [éntrəns] n. 입구, 입장 [intrǽns] v.t. 황홀하게 하다, 매혹하다 1. to put into a trance 2. to fill with delight, wonder, or enchantment
trance 황홀, 열중; 혼수상태, 인사불성 entrancing; adj. 넋을 잃게 하는, 매혹적인 an entrancing dream 매혹적인 꿈
entrancing ↔ repugnant, repellent (형용사) entrance ↔ disappoint, disgust, repel, repulse, bore (동사) entrance ↔ egress (명사) unprepossessing ↔ entrancing, winsome unprepossessing 불쾌한 failing to impress favorably winsome 사람을 끄는, 매력 있는 charming
entrap [entrǽp] v.t. 함정에 빠뜨리다; 계략에 빠트리다 1. to catch in or as if in a trap 2. a. to lure into danger, difficulty, or a compromising
situation b. to lure into performing a previously or otherwise uncontemplated illegal act
vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled (A=B하기 어려운) exacting 엄격한; 힘겨운, 혹독한 making severe demands; requiring
great care, effort, or attention wary 경계하고 있는 조심하는, 신중한
entreaty [entríti] n. 간청, 탄원 : PLEA : an earnest request or petition
command : entreaty :: goad : enticement (강제성의 유무) protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat protest 이의를 제기하다; 단언/주장하다 supplicate 애원하다, 기원하다 to ask for humbly or earnestly, as by
praying
entrench [intréntʃ] v. 둘레에 참호를 파다, (생각, 관례, 권리 등을) 흔들리지 않게 하다, 확고하게 뒷받침하다
entrenched ↔ changing, flexible, questionable
entry [éntri] n. 입장, 입구; 기재 사항, 표제어 : a descriptive record (as in a card catalog or an index) 1. a. the act or an instance of entering b. the privilege or
right of entering 2. a means or place by which to enter 3. a. the inclusion or insertion of an item, as in a record b.
an item entered in this way 4. a. an entry word, as in a dictionary; a headword b. an
headword along with its related text 5. one entered in a competition
journal : entry :: range : mountain
enumerate [injúːmərèit] v.t. 열거하다 : LIST 1. to count off or name one by one; list 2. to determine the number of; count
numberless : enumerate :: irreparable : remedy (motionless : activity는 오답)
enunciate [inʌ nsièit, -ʃi-] v. 똑똑히 발음하다; 명확히 말하다 : ARTICULATE
1. to pronounce; articulate 2. to state or set forth precisely or systematically 3. to announce; proclaim
waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter (OPPOSITE) waffle 말끝을 흐리다, 둘러 다 to speak or write evasively embed 박아 넣다; (마음에) 깊이 새겨두다
enunciate : mumbling :: clarify : confusing enunciate : words :: limn : lines limn 그림을 그리다, (말로) 묘사하다
enunciate ↔ mumble mumble 웅얼거리다 to utter indistinctly by lowering the voice or
partially closing the mouth
envision [invíʒən] v.t. 상상하다, 마음에 그리다 : to picture in the mind; imagine
enzyme [énzaim] n. 효소 : Any of numerous proteins or conjugated proteins produced
by living organisms and functioning as biochemical catalysts.
epaulet [épəlèt] 견장 epaulet : shoulder :: ring : finger
ephemeral [ifémərəl] a. 덧없는 1. lasting a markedly brief time 2. living or lasting only for a day, as certain plants or insects
do ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch :: inanimate : live :: repellent : attract :: immutable : change inelastic 탄력이 없는; 완고한, 융통성 없는
ephemeral : transience :: permanent : perpetuality :: convoluted : complexity (EQUAL)
repellent : attract :: ephemeral : endure (OPPOSITE) ephemeral : longevity :: grandiose : humility :: imperative : democracy (OPPOSITE) grandiose 웅장한, 장엄한; 젠체하는
ephemeral : abide :: intransigent : yield ephemeral : permanence :: ephemeral : endure :: inert : react ephemeral, transitory ↔ permanent, perpetual, eternal, everlasting, enduring, lasting
epic [épik] a. 서사시의; 웅장한, 영웅적인 1. of, constituting, having to do with, or suggestive of a
literary epic 2. surpassing the usual or ordinary, particularly in scope or
size 3. heroic and impressive in quality
epic ↔ modest
epicenter [épisèntər] n. 진앙, 진원지, 중심점 epicenter ↔ periphery
epicure [épikjùər] n. 미식가; 쾌락주의자 1. a person with refined taste especially in food and wine 2. a person devoted to sensuous pleasure and luxurious living
epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating sentinel [séntənəl] 보초, 감시인
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discerner : acute :: epicure : discriminating epicure ↔ a person indifferent to food
epidermis [èpədə :rmis] n. 표피, 상피 epidermis : mammal :: bark : conifer
epigram [épigræ m] n. 경구 1. a short, witty poem expressing a single thought or
observation 2. a concise, clever, often paradoxical statement 3. epigrammatic discourse or expression
exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise epigram : brevity :: philippic : condemnation
epilogue [épilɔ ːg, -lɑ g / épilɔ g] n. 결말 : CODA 1. a. a short poem or speech spoken directly to the
audience following the conclusion of a play b. the performer who delivers such a short poem or speech
2. a short addition or concluding section at the end of a literary work, often dealing with the future of its character = afterward
dessert : meal :: epilogue : play, novel :: coda : sonata terminus : stop :: epilogue : story terminus 종점, 종착역, 목적지
epilogue : prose:: finale : music prose 산문 cf. verse 운문
preface ↔ epilogue
episode [épəs`oud] n. 삽화적인 사건; (연속 소설 등의) 1편 episode : series :: issue : periodical
epistemology [ipìstəmɑ lədʒi / -mɔ l-] n. 인식론 : the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of
knowledge, its presuppositions and foundations, and its extent and validity
aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge (A는 B를 연구하는 학문) aesthetics 미학
epitaph [é pət`æf] n. 묘비명; 비문 epitaph : tombstone :: motto : shield
epithet [épəθèt] n. (사람, 물건 등을 단적으로 나타내는)용어구; (경멸적인) 별명
1. a. a term used to characterize a person or thing b. a term used as a descriptive substitute for the name or title of a person
2. an abusive or contemptuous word or phrase 예; shower a person with insulting epithets 남에게 모욕적인
욕설을 퍼붓다 epithet : disparage :: alias : mislead
epitomize [ipítəmàiz] v.t.요약하다; 집약적으로 나타내다, 전형이 되다
1. to make an epitome of; sum up 2. to be a typical example of epitome n. 전형, 본보기/요약, 발췌 epitomist 발췌작가
epitomize : brevity :: embellish : ornamentation
eponymous [epɑ nemes|ipɔ n-] a. (토지, 시 등이) 시조의 이름을 딴, (사람이) 이름의 시조인
:of, relating to, or constituting an eponym. eponym : A person whose name is or is thought to be the
source of the name of something, such as a city, country, or era. For example, Romulus is the eponym of Rome.
eponymous : name ::
equable [ékwəbəl, íːk-] a. 한결같은; (사람, 기분이) 안정된, 조용한 1. a. unvarying; steady b. free from extremes
2. not easily disturbed; serene equanimity 침착, 평정, 냉정
equable ↔ intemperate, unsteady, uneven, hostile intemperate 폭음하는, 무절제한; 과격한, 혹독한
equanimity ↔ agitation, excitability
equipoise [ékwəpɔ iz, íːk-] n. 균형, 평형 1. equality in distribution, as of weight, relationship, or
emotional forces; equilibrium 2. a counterpoise; a counterbalance
equipoise ↔ vacillate
equity [ékwəti] n. 공평, 공정 * equitable a. 공정한, 공평한 marked by or having equity;
just and impartial illiteracy : education :: inequity : redistribution equivalent : interchange :: indistinguishable : confound equitable ↔ discriminatory, unfair, biased equitable ↔ biased, unfair, disproportionate
equivocal [ikwívəkəl] a. 애매한 1. open to two or more interpretations and often intended to
mislead; ambiguous 2. of uncertain significance 3. of a doubtful or uncertain nature * eqiovocate v. 애매한 언사를 쓰다, 말끝을 흐리다, 거짓말하다 * equivocation n. 애매한 언사, 얼버무리기, 애매한 표현
equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth (A는 B를 저하시키다) equivocation : misleading :: bromide : hackneyed :: cliche : hackneyed, trite bromide 진부한 이야기, 판에 박힌 글귀
equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity :: delicacy : offence euphemism 완곡어법, 완곡한 표현 obfuscate 혼란시키다, 어리둥절하게 하다, 애매하게 하다
equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruous :: platitude : banal oxymoron 모순 어법 [‘공공연한 비 ’과 같은 표현] incongruous 조화/일치되지 않는 lacking in harmony; incompatible
equivocate : commitment :: procrastinate : action commitment 위탁, 위임; 구류, 수감; 약속, 공약; 전념, 몰두 procrastinate 미루다, 질질 끌다; 꾸물 다
equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness grandstand : impress :: equivocate : deceive grandstand 관중을 의식한 행동을 하다 to perform ostentatiously so
as to impress an audience amorphous : shape :: equivocal : certainty equivocal : ambiguous :: oxymoronic : incongruent waffle ↔ speak unequivocally waffle 얼버무리다 to speak or write evasively
equivocal ↔ certain equivocate ↔ communicate straightforwardly, clarify, elucidate, certify equivocation ↔ clarity, explitness, lucidity, unambiguity, frankness, unequivocalness
era [í(:)rə, érə| íərə] n. 시 , 연 ; 중요한 날, 중 사건; 기원 1. a period of time as reckoned from a specific date serving
as the basis of its chronological system 2. a. a period of time characterized by particular
circumstances, events, or personages b. a point that marks the beginning of such a period of time 3. the longest division of geologic time, made up of one or
more periods era : moment : region : site (A >> B)
erect [irékt] a. 수직의, 뻣뻣한 v. 세우다; 짓다, 조립하다; 창설하다 a. 1. being in a vertical, upright position 2. being in a stiff, rigid physiological condition v. 1. to construct by assembling 2. to raise to a rigid or upright condition
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3. to fix in an upright position 4. to set up; establish
suspend ↔ erect prostrate ↔ erect prostrate 엎드리다, 부복하다; 의기소침하게 하다, 굴복시키다
slouch ↔ stand erect slouch 몸을 구부리다
erode [iróud] v. 부식하다, 침식하다 1. to wear (something) away by or as if by abrasion 2. to eat into; corrode 3. to make or form by wearing away 4. to cause to diminish, deteriorate, or disappear as if by
eating into or wearing away accrete : growth :: erode : destruction accrete 함께 커지다, 일체가 되다 to make larger or greater, as by
increased growth downpour : flooding :: wind : erosion (A cause B) gully : erosion :: callus : friction (B make A) gully 작은 협곡
singe : incineration :: erode : destruction singe 겉을 태우다; (명성을) 손상시키다 incinerate 태워서 재로 만들다, 소각하다 to cause to burn to ashes
deposit ↔ process of eroding
errant [érənt] a. 벗어난, 방황하는 1. roving, especially in search of adventure 2. straying from the proper course or standards 3. a. wandering outside the established limits b. aimless or
irregular in motion amorphous : shape :: errant : course :: heretical : doctrine errant : standard :: digress : topic
erratic [irǽtik] a. 변덕스러운, 괴이한 : WANDERING 1. having no fixed or regular course; wandering 2. lacking consistency, regularity, or uniformity 3. deviating from the customary course in conduct or
opinion; eccentric heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent (OPPOSITE) craven 비겁한, 심약한 characterized by abject fear; cowardly
exemplary : criticized :: erratic : predicted erratic ↔ constant
erudite [érjudàit] a. 박식한 : LEARNED * erudition n. 박식, 깊은 지식 deep, extensive learning
erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect fathom 깊이를 재다; 알아내다, 간파하다 to penetrate to the
meaning or nature of; comprehend oblivious 잘 잊는, 기억하고 있지 않은
prescience : future :: erudition : esoterica prescience [prí:ʃiəns] 전지, 예지, 선견(foresight)
outspoken : saucy :: erudite : pedantic (DEFECTIVE) saucy 건방진, 뻔뻔스러운
erudite ↔ smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered, illiterate erudition ↔ extreme ignorance, illiteracy, ignorance
escalate [éskəlèit] v. 단계적으로 확 하다 : to increase in extent, volume, number, amount, intensity,
or scope escalate ↔ decrease, diminish, ebb, wane ebb n. v. 썰물, 간조가 되다; 쇠퇴, 쇠망(하다) ↔ flow
eschew [istʃúː] v. 삼가다 : SHUN : to avoid habitually especially on moral or practical
grounds eschew ↔ embrace, greet, habitually indulge in, seek, welcome
esoteric [èsoutérik] a. 난해한, 비전의 1. a. intended for or understood by only a particular group
b. of or relating to that which is known by a restricted
number of people 2. a. confined to a small group b. not publicly disclosed;
confidential esoteric ↔ commonly accepted, generally known, commonplace ‘널리 알려진’ 류 (indisputable은 오답)
espouse [ispáuz, es-] v.t. 신봉하다, 지지하다; 아내로 맞다 1. a. to take in marriage; marry b. to give (a woman) in
marriage 2. to give one's loyalty or support to (a cause, for example);
adopt abjure, repudiate ↔ embrace, espouse abjure to renounce under oath; to recant solemnly repudiate 부인/거절하다; 인연을 끊다
esteem [istíːm] n. 존경, 존중 v. 존중, 존경하다 1. to regard with respect; prize 2. to regard as; consider
esteem : idolatry :: favor : bribe (DEFECTIVE) idolatry 우상숭배, 맹목적 심취 blind or excessive devotion to
something desire : covet :: esteem : idolize :: favor : bribe (A << B) covet 몹시 탐내다, 갈망하다 to feel blameworthy desire for
obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection (A show B) obeisance 경례, 인사; 경의, 존경
infuriate : rage :: commend : esteem (EQUAL) stigma ↔ mark of esteem stigma 불명예, 치욕, 오명
esteem ↔ abomination, odium, loathing, ignominy, abhor, disdain odium 증오, 미움; 비난, 악평
estimable [éstəməbəl] a. 존경할 만한 1. possible to estimate 2. deserving of esteem; admirable
estimable : admiration :: questionable : doubt (disparage : contempt는 오답)
estimable ↔ contemptible, infamous
estrange [istréindʒ] v.t. 이간시키다, 멀어지게 하다 1. to make hostile, unsympathetic, or indifferent; alienate 2. to remove from an accustomed place or set of associations * estragement n. 이간, 소외, 반목, 불화
estrangement ↔ rapprochement, reconciliation rapprochement [ræprɔ :ʃma:ŋ] 화해, 친선 reconciliation 화해, 조화, 일치
etch [etʃ] v. 에칭하다; 새겨 넣다 n. 식각법, 부식액 1. a. to cut into the surface of (glass, for example) by the
action of acid 2. to impress, delineate, or imprint clearly
etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive (CHARACTER)
eternal [itə :rn:əl] a. 영원한, 영구의; 무한한, 불멸의 1. being without beginning or end; existing outside of time 2. continuing without interruption; perpetual 3. forever true or changeless 4. seemingly endless; interminable 5. of or relating to spiritual communion with God, especially
in the afterlife eternal ↔ ephemeral
ethereal [iθíəriəl] a. 가벼운, 희박한; 절묘한; 천상의 : IMMATERIAL, INTANGIBLE
1. characterized by lightness and insubstantiality; intangible 2. highly refined; delicate 3. a. of the celestial spheres; heavenly b. not of this world;
spiritual ethereal ↔ material, ponderous, worldly ponderous 크고 무거운, 육중한; 답답한, 지루한; 장황한
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ponderous ↔ ethereal, gossamer, lively gossamer 가는 거미줄의; 얇고 가벼운
ethics [éθiks] n. 윤리학 logic : reasoning :: ethics : behavior (A는 B의 기준)
etymology [èṭəmɑ lədʒi|-mɔ l-] n. 어원 연구, 어원 etymology : language :: genealogy : family (A는 B의 기원을 연구) etymology : word :: genealogy : human :: physiology : body genealogy 계보학, 가계 연구
eulogize [júːlədʒàiz] v.t. 찬양하다 : EXTOL : to praise highly in speech or writing * eulogy n. 찬양, 찬사 = eulogium
eulogium : invective :: (OPPOSITE) eulogy : speech :: ode : poem encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil encomiast 찬양자, 아부하는 사람 a person who delivers or rites an
encomium; a eulogist quibble 핑계, 구실; 트집 잡기
eulogy : praise :: elegy : lament panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize panegyric 칭찬하는 말/글 satirize [sǽtəràiz] 풍자하다, 비꼬다 to ridicule or attack by means
of satire eulogy : admiration :: hymn : praise hymn [him] 찬송가, 찬가; 찬양의 표현
encomium : eulogy :: discontent : complain quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech (A ∈ B) quatrain [kwátrein] 4행 연구(聯句) a stanza or poem of four lines stanza 절, 연
eulogize ↔ pan, cavil, criticize, scathe pan 사금하다; 팬으로 요리하다; 비판하다 to criticize or review
harshly eulogy ↔ stricture, defamation, vilification, criticism, accusation, invective 비판 stricture 제한; 비평, 혹평 a restraint, limit, or restriction; an
adverse remark or criticism invective 심한 비난, 독설, 욕설, 욕설의
euphemism [júːfəmìzəm] n. 완곡어법 : the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression
for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant
equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity obfuscate 혼란시키다, 어리둥절하게 하다; 어둡게 하다
euphemism : offend :: invulnerability : injure invulnerable 손상되지 않는, 무적의; 논파할 수 없는, 확고한
euphemism : offense :: aphorism : diffuse aphorism 경구 a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; a
brief statement of a principle diffuse 흩뜨리다; (지식 등을) 유포시키다
euphonious [juːfóuniəs] a. 듣기 좋은 : pleasing or agreeable to the ear
euphonious : sound :: graceful : movement cacophonous ↔ dulcet, euphonious dulcet 아름다운, 감미로운 pleasing to the ear; melodious
euphoria [juːfɔ ːriə] n. 행복감 : a feeling of great happiness or well-being
satisfaction : euphoria :: (A << B) euphoria ↔ depression / wretchedness, infelicity
evacuate [ivǽkjuèit] v. 비우다, 철수하다, 피난시키다 1. a. to empty or remove the contents of b. to create a
vacuum in 2. to excrete or discharge (waste matter), especially from
the bowels 3. a. to relinquish military possession or occupation of (a
town, for example) b. to withdraw or send away (troops or inhabitants) from a threatened area
4. to withdraw or depart from; vacate evacuate ↔ conquer, fill up, occupy
evade [ivéid] v. 회피하다 1. to escape or avoid by cleverness or deceit 2. a. to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing 3. to avoid giving a direct answer to 4. to baffle or elude
evade : answer :: goldbrick : work goldbrick 태만히 하다 to shirk one's assigned duties or responsibilities
evade ↔ channel channel to direct or guide along some desired course
evanescent [èvənésənt] a. 순간의, 덧없는 : vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor
evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency (WITHOUT 혹은 OPPOSITE)
evanescent : disappear, vanish :: pliant : yield :: periodic : recur (A = B하기 쉬운, 능동) (transparent : penetrate 관계는 오답. (A = B되기 쉬운, 수동))
evanescent : vanish :: consistent : perpetuate perpetuate 영속하게 하다; 불멸하게 하다 make perpetual; to prolong
the existence of evanescence : transient :: complexity : convoluted evanescent : enduring :: inert : react evanescent : endure :: immutable : change (A는 B하지 않는) evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency (A에는 B가 없는) evanescent ↔ enduring, abiding, lasting, permanent, perpetual abiding 지속적인, 불변의 lasting for a long time; enduring
evasive [ivéisiv] a. 책임 회피의; 종잡을 수 없는, 덧없는 1. inclined or intended to evade 2. intentionally vague or ambiguous; equivocal
evasive ↔ intended to, frank, candid, direct, forthright, honest, straight, straightforward, unambiguous
evenhanded [ìvən-hǽndid] a. showing no partiality; fair evenhanded ↔ lopsided, partial, unfair lopsided 한쪽으로 기운, (생각 등이) 치우친
everlasting [èvərlǽstiŋ, -lɑ ːst-] a. 영속적인 : ETERNAL 1. lasting forever; eternal 2. a. continuing indefinitely or for a long period of time b.
persisting too long; tedious everlasting, interminable : duration :: countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number myriad [míriəd] 무수 constituting a very large, indefinite number;
innumerable untold 말을 하지 않은, 밝혀지지 않은; 말로 표현할 수 없는; 셀 수
없는, 막 한 everlasting : permanence :: fitful : discontinuity (A에는 B의 성격이 있음, 형:명)
fitful a. 발작적인, 단속적인, 자주 중단되는, 변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운
everlasting ↔ ephemeral
everyday [évridei] a. 매일의(daily), 평소의, 일상의, 예사로운
(ordinary), 평범한(commonplace) everyday ↔ extraordinary, abnormal, exceptional, special, uncommon, unexpected, unusual
evict [ivíkt] v.t. 퇴거 시키다 : EXPEL 1. to put (a tenant) out by legal process; expel 2. to force out; eject 3. (law) to recover (property, for example) by a superior
claim or legal process
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deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling evict : residence :: banish : country banish 추방하다, 유형에 처하다 cf. vanish 사라지다, 소멸되다
harbor ↔ evict
evince [ivíns] v. 분명히 나타내다 : to show or demonstrate clearly; manifest
evince ↔ keep hidden, conceal, obscure, keep secret, conceal, hide
eviscerate [ivísərèit] v. 골자를 빼버리다 1. To remove the entrails of; disembowel 2. To take away a vital or essential part of
evoke [ivóuk] v.t. 불러일으키다; 기억나게 하다; 상상으로 재현하다 1. to summon or call forth 2. to call to mind by naming, citing, or suggesting 3. to create anew, especially by means of the imagination
evoke ↔ fail to elicit, repress elicit 끌어내다, 알아내다
ewe [ju:] n. 암 양 sheep : ewe :: swan : pen pen 백조의 암컷 → cob 백조의 수컷
exacerbate [igzǽsərbèit, iksǽs-] v.t. 악화시키다; 분개시키다 :to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of;
aggravate exacerbate ↔ allay, palliate, mitigate, assuage, mollify exacerbate ↔ ameliorate allay (불안 등을) 가라앉히다, (고통 등을) 완화시키다 palliate 누그러지게 하다, 완화하다; 변명하다
exact [igzǽkt] v.요구하다; 강요/강제하다; (긴급히) 필요로 하다 1. to force the payment or yielding of; extort 2. to demand and obtain by or as if by force or authority
exact ↔ condone, forgive exactness ↔ impreciseness exactitude ↔ imprecision exactitude 정확함, 엄 함; 엄격, 엄정
exacting [igzǽktiŋ] a. 요구가 가혹한; 엄격한 1. making severe demands; rigorous 2. requiring great care, effort, or attention
exacting : satisfied :: vigilant : entrapped :: wary : gulled :: indomitable : controlled (B가 어려운 = A) wary [wɛ əri] 조심하는, 신중한; 방심하지 않는 gull 속이다, 속여 빼앗다 to deceive or cheat
exacting ↔ forgiving, lenient, compromising
exaggerate [igzǽdʒərèit] v. 과장하다 : OVEREMPHASIZE 1. to represent as greater than is actually the case;
overstate 2. to enlarge or increase to an abnormal degree
anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole : pompous : bombast tirade 신랄한 비판 a long angry or violent speech, usually of a
censorious or denunciatory nature exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram : pithiness : aphorism malicious : ill-will :: exaggerating : hyperbole (B는 A의 성격을 지님) pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature pithy 간결한; 날카로운, 명쾌한 precisely meaningful; forceful and
brief exaggerated : hyperbole :: pompous : bombast exaggerate ↔ minimize, downplay
exalt [igzɔ ːlt] v.t. (지위, 명성 등을) 높이다, 칭찬하다 : GLORIFY
1. to raise in rank, character, or status; elevate 2. to glorify, praise, or honor 3. to increase the effect or intensity of; heighten
exaltation ↔ condemnation, degradation exalt ↔ pillory, lower in status, condemn pillory 조롱하다, 모욕하다; 형틀로 벌을 주다
exalted ↔ humble
exasperate [igzǽspəreit, -rit] v.t. 분개시키다; 심각하게 만들다 : ENRAGE
1. to make very angry or impatient; annoy greatly 2. to increase the gravity or intensity of
exasperate ↔ mitigate, mollify
excavate [ékskəvèit] v. ∼을 파다, 발굴하다 : to expose to view by or as if by digging away a covering 1. to make a hole in; hollow out 2. to form by hollowing out 3. to remove by digging or scooping out 4. to expose or uncover by or as if by digging
excavate ↔ fill in, entangle
exceptional [iksépʃənəl] a. 예외적인; 탁월한; 비정상의 1. being an exception; uncommon 2. well above average; extraordinary 3. deviating widely from a norm, as of physical or mental
ability commonplace, ordinary, prosaic ↔ exceptional, imaginary, exciting
excerpt [éksəːrpt] n. 발췌, 초록 : EXTRACT a passage or segment taken from a longer work, such as a
literary or musical composition, a document, or a film aside : digression :: summary : excerpt
excise [éksaiz, -sais|eksɑ iz] 절개하다, 잘라내다 to remove by or as if by cutting 예; excised the tumor
excise ↔ implant, embed
exclaim [ikskléim] v. (감탄, 흥분하여) 외치다 : to cry out suddenly or vehemently, as from surprise or
emotion vehement 열정적인; 격렬한
exclaim : utter :: flare : shine (A >> B)
excoriate [ikskɔ ːrièit] v. 껍질을 벗기다; 심하게 비난하다 1. to tear or wear off the skin of; abrade 2. to censure strongly; denounce
excoriation : glorification :: (OPPOSITE) excoriation ↔ glorification excoriate ↔ exalt, extol, praise lavishly, accolade, flatter, glorify
excrete [ikskríːt] v.t. 배설하다, 분비하다 : to separate and discharge (waste matter) from blood,
tissues, or organs stomach : ingest :: lung : respiration ingest 섭취하다, 취하다 to take into the body by the mouth for
digestion or absorption excrete ↔ ingest, absorb
excruciate [ikskrú:∫ièit] v. 고통을 주다 1. to inflict severe pain on; torture 2. to inflict great mental distress on
excruciate ↔ exult exult 기뻐 날뛰다, 환희하다; (...에게) 승리하다
excruciating [ikskrúːʃièitiŋ] a.심한 고통을 주는; 맹렬한, 극도의 1. intensely painful; agonizing 2. very intense or extreme
gargantuan : large :: excruciating : painful (A >> B) gargantuan [ga:rgǽntjuən] 거 한, 엄청나게 큰 of immense size,
volume, or capacity; gigantic
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exculpate [ékskʌlpèit, iks- -] v.t. 무죄로 하다 : to clear of guilt or blame
exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir :: hortative : encourage (EQUAL) absolve 용서하다, 사면하다; 면제하다 hortative, hortatory 격려의, 충고의 marked by exhortation or strong
urging exhort 열심히 권하다 to urge by strong, often stirring argument,
admonition, advice, or appeal alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive sophism 궤변, 아전인수 a plausible but fallacious argument;
deceptive or fallacious argumentation exculpate ↔ inculpate, indict, attribute guilt, condemn, blame inculpate 죄를 뒤집어씌우다 to incriminate
excursive [ikskə ːrsiv] a. 벗어난; 탈선하는; 산만한 : of, given to, characterized by, or having the nature of
digression digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant reiterate 되풀이하다; 지루하게 반복하다 to say or do again or
repeatedly
execrable [éksəkrəbl] adj. 혐오할, 미워할, 몹시 형편없는 1. deserving of execration; hateful 2. extremely inferior; very bad
execrable : denunciation :: execrable ↔ commendable, laudable
execrate [éksikrèit] v. 혐오하다, 저주하다 : DENOUNCE 1. to declare to be hateful or abhorrent; denounce 2. to feel loathing for; abhor
execrate : denounce :: exemplify : imitate (EQUAL) exemplify 예증하다; 사본을 만들다
execration ↔ sanction, approbation, accolade, compliment, commendation, flattery sanction 인가/비준하다; 인정하다
execrate ↔ exalt, extol, laud, flatter, praise, hymn, eulogize, commend
execute [éksikjùːt] v.t. 실행하다, 시행하다; 사형시키다 1. to put into effect; carry out 2. to perform; do 3. to create (a work of art, for example) in accordance with
a prescribed design 4. to make valid, as by signing 5. to perform or carry out what is required by 6. to put to death, especially by carrying out a lawful
sentence impossible : execute :: adamant : move adamant 단호한 impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly
unyielding vagary : predict :: impossibility : execute :: acme : surpass vagary 엉뚱한 짓; 변덕 an extravagant or erratic notion or action
exemplary [igzémpləri] a. 본보기의, 전형의; 모방할 만한 : deserving imitation 1. worthy of imitation; commendable 2. serving as a model 3. serving as an illustration; typical 4. serving as a warning; admonitory exemplar n. 모범, 전형, 원형
emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary (A하면 B하게 된다) obviate 예방하다, 불필요하게 하다 render unnecessary
exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: redoubtable : regard :: venerable : reverence :: venerable : deference (B의 대상은 A의(A할 만한) 성격을 지님) redoubtable 가공할, 강력한; 존경할 만한 arousing fear or awe;
worthy of respect or honor deferential 정중한, 공손한 marked by or exhibiting deference
exemplary : imitation :: specious : doubt :: notable : attention specious 허울 좋은; 겉만 번드르르한
exemplary : emulate :: portable : move (A = B할 수 있는) exemplary : emulate :: redoubtable : regard exemplary : imitation :: redoubtable : regard redoubtable 가공할, 강력한; 존경할만한
exemplar ↔ atypical example exemplary ↔ reprehensible, culpable, inferior, mediocre, atypical
exemplify [igzémpləfài] v. ∼의 예가 되다; 예증하다; 사본을 만들다 1. a. to illustrate by example b. to serve as an example of 2. (law) to make a certified copy of (a document)
execrate : denounce :: exemplify : imitate (EQUAL) harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify harbinger 선구자; 전조, 조짐 one that indicates or foreshadows what
is to come; a forerunner presage 예감, 육감; 전조, 조짐 archetype 원형, 모범
corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify amends 변상, 보상 amend 개선/수정하다
exempt [igzémpt] v. 면제하다 : to free from an obligation, a duty, or a liability to which
others are subject exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty liability 부채, 채무
exert [igzə ːrt] v.t. 애쓰다, 발휘하다 1. to put to use or effect; put forth 2. to bring to bear; exercise 3. to put (oneself) to strenuous effort
strenuous 정력적인, 열심인; 격렬한
exhaust [igzɔ ːst] v.t. 다 써버리다, 철저히 규명하다 : USE UP infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap (A = B하지 않는) discrete 분리된, 별개의; 불연속의 exhaustive 철저한, 포괄적인; 소모/고살시키는
exhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting (A >> B) mesmerize 최면을 걸다; 매료시키다
exhaustive : thoroughness :: (A는 B의 성격을 지님) exhausted : rest :: thirsty : imbibe exhaust ↔ invigorate
exhaustive [igzɔ :stiv] a. 철저한, 포괄적인; 소모/고갈시키는 1. treating all parts or aspects without omission; thorough 2. tending to exhaust 소모적인
exhaustive : thoroughness :: exhaustive : cursory :: (OPPOSITE) exhaustive : careful :: mesmerizing : interesting (A>>B) exhaustive ↔ incomplete, partial, limited, cursory, superficial, narrow
exhilarate [igzílərèit] v.t. 기분을 들뜨게 하다, 고무시키다 1. to cause to feel happily refreshed and energetic; elate 2. to invigorate; stimulate
exhilarate ↔ sadden soporific ↔ exhilarating
exhortation [ègzɔːrtéiʃən, èksɔːr-] n. 간곡한 권고 1. the act or an instance of exhorting 2. a speech or discourse that encourages, incites, or earnestly
advises * exhort [igzɔ :rt] v. 열심히 권하다; 훈계하다, 타이르다 : to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition,
advice, or appeal
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exhort : suggest :: goad : direct (A >> B) exhort : suggest :: persiflage : incite exhort : motivation :: warn : admonition exhortation : encourage :: hurl : insult :: prevarication : deceive hurl 세게 던지다; (욕설 등을) 퍼붓다
exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit :: obloquy : discredit invective 독설, 욕설; 저주, 악담 obloquy 오명; 비난, 욕설 abusively detractive language or utterance
didactic : teach :: hortatory, exhortative : urge (가르치려는 inclined to teach : 가르치다 teach :: 설득하려는 intended to urge : 설득하다 urge)
exhortation : motivate :: persiflage : incite (A를 이용해서 B한다) persiflage 희롱, 놀림; 불성실 incite; to provoke an urge on
exhortative : urge :: didactic : teach exhortative : motivation :: grating : irksomeness irksome 괴롭히는, 성가신 causing annoyance, weariness, or
vexation
exhume [igzú:m|ekshjú:m] v. 파내다, 발굴하다; 부활시키다, 햇빛을 보게 하다
1. to remove from a grave; disinter 2. to bring to light, especially after a period of obscurity
exigent [éksədʒənt] 긴급한, 절박한; 야박한, 고달픈 1. requiring immediate action or remedy 2. requiring much effort or expense; demanding
exigent ↔ deferrable
exiguous [igzígjuəs, iksíg-] adj. 근소한, 적은, 빈약한 : Extremely scanty; meager.
exiguous ↔ copious
exodus [éksədəs] v.t. 탈출 : EMIGRATION : a departure of a large number of people
exodus : departure :: rally : meet (A는 B의 성격을 가짐, A는 B의 큰 규모)
exodus ↔ influx influx 유입; 쇄도, 도래 a flowing in; a mass arrival or incoming
exonerate [igzɑ nərèit / -zɔ n-] v. 무죄임을 증명하다; 면제하다 1. to clear from blame 2. to free from a responsibility, obligation, or task
exonerate : blame :: disentangle, extricate : snarl :: veto : assent snarl [sna:rl] 엉클어짐; 분규, 혼란(entanglement) veto 거부권; 금지, 부인
defend : exonerate :: (A는 B하기 위한 것) exonerate ↔ censure, inculpate, incriminate, prove guilty, indict, reprehend, sentence, condemn, prosecute, blame inculpate 죄를 뒤집어씌우다 to incriminate
incrimination ↔ exoneration
exorbitant [igzɔ ːrbətənt] a. 과 한, 터무니없는 : exceeding all bounds, as of custom or fairness
exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty perfidious 불성실한, 배신하는 of, relating to, or marked by perfidy;
treacherous perfidy 배신 deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust;
treachery
exotic [igzɑ tik / -zɔ t-] a. 이국적인; 색다른, 진귀한 1. from another part of the world; foreign 2. intriguingly unusual or different; excitingly strange
exotic ↔ indigenous indigenous 고유한, 토종인, 토착인(native)
expansive [ikspǽnsiv] a. 팽창성 있는, 발전적인; 광범위한, 다각적인; 개방적인, 관 한; 마음을 터놓는 1. capable of expanding or tending to expand 2. broad in size or extent; comprehensive
3. disposed to be open, communicative, and generous; outgoing
4. grand in scale * expand
expand : volume :: proliferate : number expand : extent :: intensify : degree expansive ↔ reserved, diffident, limited, taciturn, withdrawn diffident 자신 없는, 수줍어하는; 삼가는
expansive ↔ malicious
expedite [ékspədàit] v.t. 촉진시키다; 신속히 처리하다 a. (행동
이) 신속한, 장애 없는 1. to speed up the progress of; facilitate 2. to perform quickly and efficiently 3. to issue officially; dispatch
expedite : process :: accelerate : pace consensus : factionalism :: expedition : foot-dragging foot-dragging n. 지체, 더딤, 주저 expedite ↔ retard
expedition [èkspədíʃən] 원전, 탐험; 급속, 신속; 민활, 기민 1. a. a journey undertaken by a group of people with a
definite objective b. the group undertaking such a journey 2. speed in performance; promptness
expedition : foot dragging :: consensus : factionalism (OPPOSITE) expedition ↔ foot-dragging expeditious ↔ foot-dragging, sluggish, laggard, leisurely
expertise n. 전문적 기술/지식 1. expert advice or opinion 2. skill or knowledge in a particular area
selflessness : altruist :: expertise : connoisseur (B has A)
expiate [ékspièit] v. (죄 등을) 보상하다; 속죄하다 to make amends or reparation for; atone
expiate : guilt :: correct : error :: repose : fatigue
expire [ikspáiər] v. 기한이 다 되다; 숨을 거두다 : DIE 1. to come to an end; terminate 2. to breathe one's last breath; die 3. to exhale; breathe out
expire ↔ come to life
explicate [ékspləkèit] v. 명쾌한 설명을 하다 : to make clear the meaning of; explain
explicit [iksplísit] a. 명백한, 숨김없는 : fully revealed or expressed without vagueness, implication.
or ambiguity explicit ↔ obscure, immanent, inchoate immanent 내재하는 inchoate 방금 시작한, 초기의; 불완전한, 미완성의
exploit [ékspl it] n. 위업, 공적, 공훈 : an act or deed, especially a brilliant or heroic one
exploit : heroic :: gaffe : tactless
exponent [ikspóunənt] n. 해설자; 주창자, 표자 1. one that expounds or interprets 2. one that speaks for, represents, or advocates
expound 상술하다; 해설/해석하다 exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass pollster 여론 조사원 canvass 면 히 조사하다, 표를 구하다, 여론조사를 하다
exponent ↔ detractor detract (가치, 명성 등을) 줄이다, 비난(비방, 중상)하다
expound [ikspɑ und] v. 상술하다; 해설/해석하다 1. to give a detailed statement of; set forth 2. to explain in detail; elucidate
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expunge [ikspʌ ndʒ |ekspʌ ndʒ] v. 지우다, 삭제하다 1. to erase or strike out 2. to eliminate completely; annihilate * inexpungible
salesman : buy :: censor : expunge inexpungible : obliterate :: irradicable : terminate, eliminate :: untenable : defend (OPPOSITE)
inexpungible : eliminate :: ineluctable : avoid inexpungible ↔
expurgate [ékspərgèit] v. (검열하여) 삭제하다 : to remove erroneous, vulgar, obscene, or otherwise
objectionable material from (a book, for example) before publication
vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate purvey 조달하다, 납품하다 vendor 파는 사람; 행상
unexpurgated ↔ obliterated
exquisite [ékskwizit] a. 아름다운, 훌륭한; 완벽한; 우아한, 세련된 1. characterized by intricate and beautiful design or
execution 2. of such beauty or delicacy as to arouse delight 3. excellent; flawless 4. acutely perceptive or discriminating 5. intense; keen
tawdry ↔ exquisite tawdry 야한; 값싸고 번지르르한, 비속한 gaudy and cheap in
nature or appearance
extant [ekstǽnt, ékstənt] a. 현존하는 : still in existence; not destroyed, lost, or extinct
extant ↔ extinct, lost, missing, destroyed
extemporize [ikstémpəràiz] v. 즉흥적으로 하다 : to do or perform (something) without prior preparation or
practice * extempore adv. 즉석에서 adj. 즉석의, 즉흥적인 * extemporaneous adj. 즉흥적인, 임시변통의
juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization : spontaneous juggernaut 거 한 파괴력이 있는 것; 불가항력 spontaneous 자동성의; 자발적인, 임의의
extemporization : rehearsal :: honesty : guilt :: voluntary : coercion (A에는 B의 속성이 없다)
extemporization : unrehearsed :: (POSITIVE) extempore : rehearsal :: voluntary : coercion extemporize : spontaneous :: pontificate : dogmatic (속성) (boast : dishonest는 오답)
extemporize ↔ follow a script, prescribe prescribe (규칙 등을) 정하다, 명하다; 규정하다, 지시하다 extemporaneous ↔ planned, scripted
extensive [iksténsiv] 넓은, 광 (광활)한, 광범위한, (지식이) 해박한, 상세한, 막 한, 단한.
1. large in extent, range, or amount 2. of or relating to the cultivation of vast areas of land with
a minimum of labor or expense insubstantial ↔ extensive, firm, objective, pithy, significant insubstantial 내용없는, 약한, 상상적인, 가공의 interminable : lengthy :: boundless : extensive
extenuate [iksténjuèit] v.t. 경감하다, 정상을 참작하다 : MITIGATE
: to lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of by making partial excuses
moderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousness moderate to lessen the violence, severity, or extremeness of
extenuating ↔ aggravating
exterminate [ikstə ːrmənèit] v.t. 근절하다
: to get rid of by destroying completely; extirpate
extinct [ikstíŋkt] a. 멸종된; 폐지된 1. no longer existing or living 2. no longer burning or active 3. no longer in use
extinct ↔ extant, resuscitated resuscitate 되살리다, 소생시키다 to restore consciousness, vigor, or
life to extinction ↔ perpetuation
extinguish [ikstíŋgwiʃ] v.t. 끄다; (권위 등을) 잃게 하다 : QUENCH
1. to put out (a fire, for example); quench 2. to put an end to (hopes, for example); destroy 3 to obscure; eclipse 4. (law) a. to settle or discharge (a debt) b. to nullify
extinguish ↔ kindle, ignite
extol [ikstóul] v. 격찬하다 : GLORIFY : to praise highly; exalt
extol, praise lavishly ↔ censure, despise, vilify, deprecate, disparage, condemn, impugn, detract, malign, rail, deplore, impugn, excoriate, calumniate, defame, slander, asperse, castigate, decry, censure vilify 욕하다, 비방하다 to make vicious and defamatory statements
about disparage to speak of in a slighting way; belittle; to reduce in esteem or rank
impugn 비난하다, 논박하다 to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument
malign 욕설을 하다, 해를 끼치다 to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statements about
calumniate ~을 중상하다
extort [ikstɔ ːrt] v.t. 강요하다, 강탈하다 : WRING : to obtain from another by coercion or intimidation
sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation extort : coercion :: wheedle : cajolery
extract [ikstrǽkt] v. 뽑아내다, 얻다 extract ↔ embed hybrid ↔ of unmixed extraction
extraneous [ikstréiniəs] a. 관계없는, 이질적인, 외부에서 파생한 1. not constituting a vital element or part 2. inessential or unrelated to the topic or matter at hand;
irrelevant 3. coming from the outside
extraneous : essence :: achromatic : hue (A lack B) extraneous ↔ requisite (rational, commonplace, prohitive는 오답) extraneous ↔ essential, apposite, relevant, intrinsic apposite 적절한, 딱 들어맞는 strikingly appropriate and relevant
extravagant [ikstrǽvəgənt] a. 낭비하는, 터무니없는, 도를 지나친 1. given to lavish or imprudent expenditure 2. exceeding reasonable bounds 3. extremely abundant; profuse 4. unreasonably high; exorbitant
rebellious : antiestablishment :: extravagant : undue antiestablishment 반체제의 undue 적절하지 않은, 어울리지 않는; 지나친, 과도한; 지급 기한이
되지 않은 extravagance : expenditure :: loquaciousness : talk frugality ↔ extravagancy, extravagance extravagant ↔ parsimonious thrift ↔ extravagance
extricate [ékstrəkèit] v. (난국에서) 구출하다 :to free or remove from an entanglement or difficulty;
disengage * extricable a.
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extricate ↔ enmesh, entangle, embroil embroil (분쟁, 전쟁 등에) 끌어들이다, (사태를) 혼란시키다 extricable ↔ entangled
extrinsic [ekstrínsik] a. 본질적이 아닌, 부 적인; 외부의 1. not forming an essential or inherent part of a thing;
extraneous 2. originating from the outside; external
extrinsic ↔ intrinsic, immanent, inherent, ingrained, elemental, innate immanent 속에 있는, 내재하는
ingrained ↔ easily to change, extrinsic ingrained 깊이 배어든, 뿌리 깊은; 천성의, 타고난
extrovert [ékstrouvə ːrt] n. 외향적인 사람 extrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist :: exacting
exuberant [igzúːbərənt] a. (기쁨, 활력, 애정 등이)풍부한, 원기 왕성한, 열광적인
1. full of unrestrained enthusiasm or joy 2. lavish; extravagant 3. extreme in degree, size, or extent 4. growing, producing, or produced abundantly; plentiful
exuberant : happy :: soaked, drenched : wet, damp :: frigid : cool (A >> B)
exuberant ↔ depressed, down, unexcited ennui ↔ exuberance ennui [á:nwi] 권태감, 지루함, 울적함
exude [igzúːd, iksúːd] v. 스며 나오다 : to ooze forth
exude ↔ absorb, take in
exultant [igzʌ ltənt] a. 크게 기뻐하는 : JUBILANT : marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant
exult : satisfaction :: crave : longing exult 기뻐 날뛰다, 환희하다 to rejoice greatly; be jubilant or
triumphant exultant ↔ abject, crestfallen, dejected, lugubrious abject 굴욕적인, 비참한; 상스러운; 노예근성의, 비굴한 exultation ↔ lamentation
F fable [féibəl] n. 우화
: a usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like human beings
edify 교화하다, 덕성을 함양하다 fable : tale :: ditty : song ditty 짧은 노래, 또는 그 가사 a simple song
fabricate [fǽbrikèit] v.t. 제작하다, 조립하다; 조작하다 1. to make; create 2. to construct by combining or assembling diverse,
typically standardized parts 3. to concoct in order to deception
discompose : pacific, placid :: fabricate : authentic (OPPOSITE) discompose 혼란시키다, 어지럽히다
irritate : pacific :: fabricate : ingenuous ingenuous 솔직한, 숨김없는; 순진한
fabricate ↔ annihilate, destroy (제작하다, 조립하다) fabricate ↔ tell the truth, be authentic, be genuine fabrication ↔ true story
façade (건물의) 앞면, (사물의) 표면, 외관; 겉치레
façade ↔ nature 본질, 진실 façade ↔ essence
facetious [fəsíːʃəs] a. 진지하지 않은, 우스운, 경박한 : WAGGISH
: playfully jocular; humorous facetious : speech :: antic : behavior antic 과상한 짓거리, 웃기는 행동 a ludicrous or extravagant act or
gesture facetious ↔ earnest, lugubrious, ingenuous lugubrious (과장되게) 슬퍼하는, 울적한
facile [fǽsil] a. 손쉬운, 피상적인 : SPECIOUS, SUPERFICIAL
facile [fǽsil / fǽsail] 경쾌한, 수월한, 능란한; 피상적인, 경박한 1. done or achieved with little effort or difficulty; easy 2. working, acting, or speaking with effortless ease and
fluency 3. arrived at without due care, effort, or examination;
superficial 4. readily manifested, together with an aura of insincerity
and lack of depth facile ↔ arduous, profound
facilitate [fəsílətèit] v.t. 용이하게 하다; 촉진하다 : to make easy or easier
facilitate ↔ impede, hamper, obstruct, thwart hamper 방해하다, 훼방 놓다 to prevent the free movement, action, or
progress of thwart 방해하다, 훼방 놓다(hinder)
faction [fǽkʃən] n. 파당 : CLIQUE 1. a group of persons forming a cohesive, usually contentious
minority within a large group 2. conflict within an organization or nation; internal
expedition : foot-dragging :: consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion (OPPOSITE)
law : criminality :: consensus : factionalism (A prevent B, B lack A) factional ↔ disinterested, ecumenical disinterested 1. free of bias and self-interest; impartial 2. a. not interested; indifferent b. having lost interest ecumenical 전반적인, 보편적인
factionalism ↔ cohesion, concensus 동의 cohesion [kouhí:ʒən] 결합; 유 , 단결
faction ↔ unity, disinterestedness factious ↔ cooperative
factitious [fæktí∫əs] a. 억지로 하는, 꾸민, 인공적인; 가짜의 1. produced artificially rather than by a natural process 2. lacking authenticity or genuineness; sham
factor to figure in 상을 구성 요소로 나누거나 원인을 알아냄 factorable ↔ irreducible
fade [feid] v. 희미해지다 : To lose brightness, loudness, or brilliance gradually; dim
faddish [fæ diʃ] adj. 일시적으로 유행하는 1. Having the nature of a fad. 2. Given to fads.
faddish ↔ classic classic 의미 중에 : a. Belonging to the highest rank or class. b. Serving as the established model or standard: a classic example of colonial architecture. c. Having lasting significance or worth; enduring.
fail-safe [féilsèif] a. 안전장치의; 2중 안전장치를 장비한 1. capable of compensating automatically and safely for a
failure, as of a mechanism or power source
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2. acting to discontinue a military attack on the occurrence of any of a variety of predetermined
conditions 3. guaranteed not to fail
fail-safe : malfunction :: precarious : stabilize (A prevent B)
failing [féiliŋ] n. 실패; 사소한 실수 1. the act of a person or thing that fails; a failure 2. a minor fault
quibble : failing :: rift : breach quibble 트집 잡기 a petty distinction or an irrelevant objection
faint [feint] a. 희미한, 활기 없는 : lacking strength or vigor; performed, offered, or
accomplished weakly or languidly stentorian ↔ faint stentorian (목소리가) 매우 큰 extremely loud
faint-hearted [feinthɑ ːrtid] a. 소심한, 겁 많은 : TIMID :deficient in conviction or courage; timid
fallacious [fəléi∫əs] a. 거짓의, 허위의; 잘못된, 불합리한 1. containing or based on a fallacy 2. tending to mislead; deceptive
fallacious ↔ sound, valid, veracious, verifiable, veritable veracious 1. honest; truthful 2. accurate; precise veritable; being truly so called; real or genuine
fallacy [fǽləsi] n. 그릇된 생각, 궤변 1. a false notion 2. a statement or an argument based on a false or an
invalid inference 3. incorrectness or reasoning or belief; erroneousness 4. the quality of being deceptive
disabuse : fallacy, miscomprehension :: cure : disease disabuse (오해를) 풀어주다 to free from a falsehood or
misconception fallacy ↔ valid argument, valid reasoning, verity fallacious ↔ verifiable, veritable, sound, valid, veracious veritable being truly so called; real or genuine verifiable possible to verify veracious 진실을 말하는, 정직한; 정확한
fallibility ↔ inerrancy fallible 잘못을 저지르기 쉬운; 틀리기 쉬운 inerrancy freedom from error or untruths; infallibility
fallow [fǽlou] a. (논밭이) 경작하지 않은; 실행에 옮겨지지 않은 1. plowed but left unseeded during a growing season 2. characterized by inactivity
fallow ↔ in use
falsehood [fɔ ːlshùd] n. 허위 corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood corroborate 확증하다 to strengthen or support with other evidence;
make more certain calumniate 중상하다, 비방하다 to make maliciously or knowingly
false statements about
falter [fɔ ːltər] v.t. 비틀거리다, (말을) 더듬다; 주저하다, 머뭇거리다 1. to be unsteady in purpose or action, as from loss of
courage or confidence; waver 2. to speak hesitatingly; stammer 3. a. to move ineptly or haltingly; stumble b. to operate or
perform unsteadily or with a loss of effectiveness falter : act :: stammer : speak falter ↔ proceed without hesitation
fantasy [fǽntəsi, -zi] n. 공상, 환상
nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy (EQUAL) nicety 정확성, 정 성; 미묘한 점
fanatic [fənǽtik] n. 광신자 : a person marked or motivated by an extreme, unreasoning
enthusiasm, as for a cause fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent (A >> B) fanatic : enthusiastic :: obstinate : firm :: imperious : authoritative fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (A >> B) prude 고상한 체하는 사람
fang [fæŋ] n. (늑 , 개 등의) 엄니 fang : tooth :: finger : digit
fantasy [fǽntəsi] n. 환상, 공상 illusion : fantasy :: nicety : precision (EQUAL)
far-fetched [fɑːrfétʃt] a. 억지로 갖다 붙인 : IMPROBABLE : not readily believable because of improbable elements
therein far-fetched ↔ natural
farce [fɑːrs] n. 익살 광 극 * farcical 소극의, 익살스런, 바보스런
farce : performance :: limerick : poem farce 광 극; 익살, 우스개 limerick 5행 희시(戱詩)
farcical ↔ serious
fascinate [fǽsənèit] v.t. 매혹하다 1. to hold an intense interest or attraction for 2. to hold motionless; spellbind
fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness (A >> B) enchant : fascinate :: fascination ↔ disinterest, repulsion, aversion fascinated ↔ indifferent fascinating ↔ repellent repellent a. 기분 나쁜, 불쾌한
fast [fæst, fɑːst] n. 단식 a. 빠른; 고정된, 단단한 Firmly fixed or fastened: a fast grip.
fast : eat, eating :: respite : labor :: moratorium : activity, act : brake : speed (A는 B를 ↓) respite (일, 고통 등의) 일시적 중단, 휴식; 유예 a usually short
interval of rest or relief moratorium (적 관계, 위험활동의) 일시 정지 A suspension of an
ongoing or planned activity: a moratorium on the deployment of a new weapon. fast : consumption :: moratorium : activity :: repose : work :: repose : labor
fast ↔ loosely attach secure ↔ unfasten fast ↔ not to be fixed
fasten [fǽsn, fɑ ːsn] v.t. 단단히 고정시키다; 잠그다 1. to attach firmly to something else, as by pinning or nailing 2. a. to make fast or secure b. to close, as by fixing firmly in
place 3. to fix or direct steadily 4. to place; attribute 5. to impose (oneself) without welcome
lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten (A = B하는 도구) lathe [leið] 금속을 갈고 도려내는 데 쓰는 공작기계 clasp 걸쇠, 죔쇠; 악수, 포옹
fastidious [fæstídiəs, fəs-] a. 까다로운, 세심한 주의가 필요한 1. possessing or displaying careful, meticulous attention to
detail 2. difficult to please; exacting 3. excessively scrupulous or sensitive, especially in matters
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of taste or propriety devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious (A << B) dapper : fastidious :: (A << B) dapper 깔끔한, 단정한; 맵시 있는
fastidious ↔ easygoing, cursory, uncritical, coarse, indiscriminate, lenient, undemanding, sloppy, uncouth, slovenly cursory 겉핥기의, 엉성한, 피상적인 performed with haste and scant
attention to detail fastidiousness ↔ carelessness, slovenliness
fastness [fǽstnis|fɑ :st-] n. 요새, 보루; (빠름, 신속; 고정, 안정) 1. the condition or quality of being fast, especially: a.
firmness; security b. rapidity; swiftness 2. the quality or condition of color retention; colorfastness 3. a. a secure or fortified place; a stronghold b. a remote,
secret place colorfast 바래지 않는 having color that will not run or fade with
washing or wear fastness ↔ unsecured place, deliberate action
fateful [féitfəl] a. 결정적으로 중요한; 치명적인 : involving momentous consequences
fateful ↔ inconsequential consequential 결과로 일어나는; 중요한; 젠체하는
fathom [fǽðəm] v. 수심을 재다; 간파하다 1. to determine the depth of; sound 2. to penetrate to the meaning or nature of; comprehend
recondite : fathom :: tenacious : eradicate erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect erudite 박식한, 학식 있는 characterized by erudition; learned oblivious 잘 잊는; 염두에 두지 않는
comprehensible : fathom :: uninformative : fathom :: (A하면 B하기 힘들다.) fathom ↔ find impenetrable measurable ↔ unfathomable fathom ↔ confuse, be unaware of, misunderstand occult ↔ bare, patent, readily fathomable occult 신비한, 불가사의한; 비전의 patent 특허의; 명백한, 확실한
fatigue [fətíːg] n. 피로 * indefatigable 지칠 줄 모르는, 끈기 있는
fatigue : repose, rest :: dehydration : water fatigue : repose :: guilt : expiation expiate (죄 등을) 보상하다, 속죄하다 to make amends or
reparation for; atone atone 벌충하다, 보상하다 to make amends, as for a sin or fault repose 휴식; 침착, 평정
fatigue : tireless :: guile : naïve fatigue ↔ energetic indefatigable ↔ soon tired indefatigable [ìndifǽtəgəbl] 지칠 줄 모르는, 끈기 있는 tireless
fatuous [fǽtʃuəs] a. 얼빠진, 바보의 : SILLY 1. vacuously, smugly, and unconsciously foolish 2. delusive; unreal
fatuous ↔ acute, astute, sagacious, sensible, judicious, prudent astute 통찰력 있는, 날카로운
fatuity ↔ sagacity fatuousness ↔ sensibleness
faultfinder [fó:ltf`aində:r] n. 잔소리꾼 : one who is given to petty criticism and constant complaint
faultfinder : criticize :: arbitrator : mediate
favor [féivər] n. 친절, v. 은혜를 배풀다. 1. A gracious, friendly, or obliging act that is freely granted 2. To perform a kindness or service for; oblige
favor ↔ tease(괴롭히다), thwart, hurt, impede, prevent, criticize favor ↔ derogation, hinder, dislike, object to
favorable a. 1. advantageous; helpful 2. encouraging; propitious 3. manifesting approval; commendatory 4. winning approval; pleasing 5. granting what has been desired or requested 6. indulgent or partial
favorable ↔ untoward untoward 형편이 나쁜, 불리한; 적당치 못한(improper)
favoritism [féivəritìzəm] n. 편애, 편들기 1. A display of partiality toward a favored person or group. 2. The state of being held in special favor. nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud embezzlement : fraud :: cronyism : favoritism
fawn [fɔːn] v. 알랑거리다 n. 새끼 사슴 1. to exhibit affection or attempt to please, as a dog does by
wagging its tail, whining, or cringing 2. to seek favor or attention by flattery and obsequious
behavior condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn obsequious 아부하는, 추종하는 full of or exhibiting servile compliance;
fawning imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger depreciatory 얕보는, 경멸적인 diminishing in value; disparaging;
belittling swagger 뽐내며 걷다; 허풍을 떨다
fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger :: elaborate : sketchy hauteur [hóutə:r] 거만, 오만 haughtiness in bearing and attitude;
arrogance fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness :: elaborate : sketchy sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine :: miser : hoard obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield :: condescending : patronize parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn peremptory 지엄한, 단호한; 위압적인
reprobate : misbehave:: sycophant : fawn reprobate 불량배 a morally unprincipled person 비난하다 misbehave to behave badly
eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful (A >> B)
faze [feiz] v.t. 당황케 하다, 풀 죽게 하다 : DISCONCERT, DAUNT
: to disrupt the composure of; disconcert embolden ↔ abash, faze, cow fazed ↔ undisturbed
fealty [fí:əlti] n. 충성, 충실, 성실 fealty ↔ perfidy
feasible [f í:zəbl] adj. 실행할 수 있는, 실현 가능한, ~에 알맞은 feasible ↔ impossible
featureless [fí:t∫ərlis] adj. 특색이 없는, 재미없는, 단조로운 featureless ↔ distinctive, exceptional, prominent, singular, discernable
feckless [féklis] a. 쓸모없는, 무능한, 무책임한 : WEAK, INEFFECTIVE
1. lacking purpose or vitality; feeble or ineffective 2. careless and irresponsible
feckless ↔ responsible (feckless ↔ responsive는 오답!)
fecund [fíːkənd, fék-] a. 다산의; 창조성이 있는 : PROLIFIC, FERTILE
1. capable of producing offspring or vegetation; fruitful 2. marked by intellectual productivity
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* infecund fecund ↔ barren, unproductive, short, meager fecundity ↔ aridity infecund ↔ prolific, productive, effective
feeble [fíːbəl] a. 연약한; 약한, 희미한; (효과가) 부족한 1. a. lacking strength; weak b. indicating weakness 2. lacking vigor, force, or effectiveness; inadequate
feeble : strength :: disquiet : composure feeble ↔ active, hale, hardy, vigorous forceful ↔ feeble (deferential은 오답)
feign [fein] v. 가장하다, ...인 체하다; 위조하다, 조작하다 1. a. to give a false appearance of b. to represent falsely;
pretend to 2. to imitate so as to deceive 3. to fabricate 조작하다
virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned mediocre 보통의, 평범한 moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary impostor 사기꾼 one who engages in deception under an assumed
name or identity feigned ↔ plain spoken, genuine
feisty [fáisti] adj. 성마른, 의욕이 넘치는 1. touchy; quarrelsome 2. full of spirit or pluck; frisky or spunky
felicity [filísəti] n. 행복 1. Great happiness; bliss. 2. An instance of great happiness.
felicity ↔ misery
fender [féndər] n. (자동차 등의) 흙받이; 완충 장치; (난로 등의) 보호막
1. a. a guard over each wheel of a motor vehicle, for example, that is shaped and positioned so as to block the splashing of water or mud b. a device at the front end of a locomotive or streetcar designed to push aside obstructions
2. a cushioning device, such as a bundle of rope or a piece of timber, used on the side of a vessel or dock to absorb impact or friction
3. a screen or metal framework placed in front of a ireplace to keep hot coals and debris from falling out
fender : collision ::
feral [fíərəl] a. 야생의; 야성의 : WILD 1. a. existing in a wild or untamed state b. having returned
to an untamed state from domestication 2. of or suggestive of a wild animal; savage
wilderness : feral :: (CHARACTER) feral ↔ cultivated, domesticated
ferocious [fəróu∫əs] a. 사나운, 포악한, 잔인한 * ferocity n. 잔인, 포악성 the state or quality of being
ferocious * ferocious a. 사나운, 포악한, 잔인한
ferocity ↔ meekness
ferment [fə ːrment] v. n. 효소, 효모; 불안, 동요(하다) : AGITATION
: a state of unrest 1. something, such as a yeast, a bacterium, a mold, or an
enzyme, that causes fermentation 2. fermentation 3. a. a state of agitation or of turbulent change or
development b. an agent that precipitates or is capable of precipitating such a state
ferment ↔ tranquility
ferrous [férəs] a. 철의, 철을 함유한 ferrous ↔ containing no iron aqueous : water :: ferrous : iron (물의 : 물 :: 철의 : 철)
fertilize [fə ːrtəlàiz] v.t. 비옥하게 하다 fertilize : grow :: immunize : resist glue : seal :: manure : fertilize manure 거름, 비료
fervent [fə :r:v:ənt] a. 열심인, 열의 있는; 뜨거운, 불타는 1. having or showing great emotion or zeal; ardent 2. extremely hot; glowing
fervent ↔ dispassionate, languid
fervid [fə ːrvid] a. 열정적인 1. marked by great passion or zeal 2. extremely hot; burning
fervid ↔ restrained, impassive
fervor [fə ːrvər] n. 열정 1. great warmth and intensity of emotion 2. intense heat
ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic (OPPOSITE) fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthrift :: doubt : skeptic improvident 절약하지 않는; 경솔한 not providing for the future;
thriftless fervor, effervescence : feeling :: fury : anger fervor : dispassionate :: temerity : timid zealotry ↔ lack of fervor fervor, favor ↔ indifference, apathy
fester [féstə:r] v. (상처가) 곪다; 부패하다; 마음이 아프다 fester ↔ heal
fetid [fétid, fíːtid] a. 악취가 나는 : having a heavy offensive smell
fetid : smell :: grating : sound :: ugly : appearance :: cacophonous :: discordant : sound
fetid : odor :: sentimental : feeling (DEFECTIVE) fetid ↔ having a pleasant smell
fetching [fét∫iŋ] a. 매력적인, 마음을 사로잡는 fetching ↔ unattractive
fetter [fétər] n. 차꼬; 속박, 제약 v. ~에게 차꼬를 채우다 ~를 속박, 구속하다
명사 1. a chain or shackle for the angles or feet 2. something that serves to restrict; a restraint 동사 1. To put fetters on; shackle. 2. To restrict the freedom of.
enfranchise, liberate ↔ enfetter enfranchise 참정권을 주다; (노예 등을) 해방하다
liberalistic ↔ enfetterist fetter ↔ release, loose, set free, free, let go, unfasten, emancipate management ↔ unfettered liberty
feudal [fjú:dəl] a. 봉건 시 의, 중세의 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of feudalism(봉건 제도) 2. of or elating to lands held in fee or to the holding of such
lands
fiasco [fiǽskou] n. 실패 : a complete failure
fiasco ↔ a notable success, eclat, unalloyed success éclat [eiklá:] 화려함, 빛남; 갈채, 환호
fickle [fíkəl] a. 변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운; 애정에 진심이 없는, 마
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음이 잘 변하는 characterized by erratic changeableness or instability,
especially with regard to affections or attachments; capricious
fickle : constancy :: naive : sophistication fickle ↔ constant, invariable, firm fickleness ↔ steadfastness
fictitious [fiktíʃəs] a. 허구의 : IMAGINARY 1. of, relating to, or characterized by fiction; imaginary 2. a. accepted or assumed for the sake of convention b.
adopted or assumed in order to deceive 3. not genuinely believed or felt; sham
fictitious ↔ factual, authentic, genuine
fidelity [fidéləti, fai-] n. 충실, 충성 1. faithfulness to obligations, duties, or observances 2. exact correspondence with fact or with a given quality,
condition, or event; accuracy respect : baseness :: trust : infidelity, perfidiousness (OPPOSITE) baseness the quality or state of being contemptible, mean-spirited, or
selfish fidelity ↔ apostasy, perfidy apostasy 배교; 변절
fidget [fídʒit] v. 안절부절못하다, 초조해하다 n. 안달하는 상태 1. to behave or move nervously or restlessly 2. to play or fuss; fiddle
fidget : nervousness :: cringe : dread cringe 움츠리다; 굽실거리다, 아첨하다
figurative [fígjərətiv] a. 비유적인 : EMBLEMATIC 1. a. based on or making use of figures of speech;
metaphorical b. containing many figures of speech; ornate
2. represented by a figure or resemblance; symbolic or emblematic
3. of or relating to artistic representation by means of animal or human figures
figurative ↔ literal
figurine [fìgjurí:n.] n. 작은 입상 : a small molded or sculptured figure; a statuette
figurine : status :: twig : branch :: vestige : remainder
filibuster [fíləbʌ stər] n. 의사진행방해 : the use of obstructionist tactics, especially prolonged
speechmaking, for the purpose of delaying legislative action
filibuster : delay :: hoax : deceive filibuster : delay :: prevarication : deceive hoax 가벼운 장난, 짓궂은 장난; 남을 속이기 위한 것
filibuster : legislation :: blockade : commerce blockade 봉쇄, 폐쇄
filibuster : delay :: anodyne : relieve anodyne 진통제, 진정제
filigree [fíləgrìː] n. 매우 섬세(정교, 우아)한 것(무늬) : an intricate, delicate, or fanciful ornamentation
chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy chiaroscuro [kià:rəskjúərou] (그림에서의) 명암 배분 tapestry 복잡한 무늬를 놓은 양탄자
chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy, intricacy filigree : wire :: lace : thread
filing [fɑ iliŋ] n. 줄로 다듬기 filing : metal :: shaving : wood
filly [fíli] n. 암 망아지 : a young female horse
filly : horse :: pullet : chicken pullet 어린 암탉
filter [fíltər] n. 여과기 winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter
filthy [filθi] a. 더러운, 불결한, 부도덕한, 상스러운, 추잡한 filthiness : pristine :: (OPPOSITE)
finale [finǽli] n. 마지막 연주곡목; 미 finale ↔ beginning, genesis, inception, initiation, opening scene, origin, prologue, rise, root, source, start genesis 기원; 창세기 the coming into being of something; the origin inception 처음, 개시 the beginning of something, such as an
undertaking; a commencement
finch [fintʃ] 되새류의 새 [콩새, 멋쟁이새 등] finch : bird :: aspen : tree :: lizard : reptile :: orange : fruit :: eagle : bird :: firefly : insect (A는 B의 종류) aspen 버드나뭇과의 나무 (당버들, 사시나무 등)
finesse [finés] n. 솜씨, 술책 1. refinement and delicacy of performance, execution, or
artisanship 2. skillful, subtle handling of a situation; tactful, diplomatic
maneuvering gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning (OPPOSITE) gauche [gouʃ] 버릇없는, 무뚝뚝한; 미숙한, 서투른
finesse ↔ ineptitude, heavy-handedness inept 적합하지 않은, 서투른; 어리석은
finicky [fíniki] a. (음식, 옷 등에) 까다로운, 몹시 신경을 쓰는, 집착이 강한
insisting capriciously on getting just what one wants; difficult to please; fastidious
예; A finicky eater meticulous : finicky :: fluent : glib finicky ↔ undiscriminating undiscriminating 1. Lacking sensitivity, taste, or judgment. 2. Indiscriminate.
fir [fə:r] n. 전나무 fir : tree :: wool : fiber (A는 B의 종류) (lawn : grass는 오답)
fiscal [fískəl] adj. 국고의, 재무의 fiscal : finance :: pedagogical : teaching (political : law는 오답)
fissure [fí∫ər] n. 균열, 분열, 불일치, 갈라짐, v. 갈라지(게하)다 fissure ↔ unity
fit [fit] 알맞은, 적합한 fit ↔ inappropriate
fitful [fítfəl] a. 발작적인, 단속적인, 자주 중단되는; (성격이) 변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운
: occurring in or characterized by intermittent bursts, as of activity; irregular ; periodic
fitful ↔ continuous, constant, stable, steady, equable, appropriate, decide, enduring
fitful : irregularity :: passive : inaction fitful : discontinuity :: everlasting : permanence
fixed [fikst] a. 고정적인, 확고한, 고집하는 1. firmly in position; stationary 2. determined; established; set 3. not subject to change or variation; constant
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illegible : read :: fixed : move freeze : fixed :: soil : unclean (굳어지다 : 굳어진 :: 더럽히다 : 더러운)
fixed ↔ mobile, vagrant, adjustable, broken, damaged fixed ↔ adjustable, flexible, conditional, equivocal, adaptable
flabby [flǽbi] adj. (근육이) 축 늘어진, 무기력한, 연약한 flabby ↔ firm
flaccid [flǽksid] a. 축 늘어진, 연약한; 무기력한 ; FLABBY, FLOPPY, FLAGGING
1. lacking firmness, resilience, or muscle tone 2. lacking vigor or energy
flaccidity : firmness :: durable : weariness (OPPOSITE) durable 내구력이 있는, 튼튼한 weary 피곤한, 지친; 싫증난, 지긋지긋한
flaccidity ↔ firmness
flag [flæg] v.축 늘어지다, 시들다, 쇠약해지다, (흥미가) 없어지다 1. to hang limply; droop 2. to decline in vigor or strength 3. to decline in interest
flag : country :: trademark : company flag : vigor :: waver : resolution banner : flag :: (A is a kind of B) flag ↔ wax wax 커지다, 증 하다, (해, 달 등이) 차다
flagging [flǽgiŋ] a. 축 늘어진, 쇠퇴하는 : LANGUID, WEAK 1. declining; weakening 2. languid; drooping
languid 늘어진, 나른한, 맥없는; 흥미 없는, 의욕이 없는 flagging ↔ growing vigorously, thriving, vibrant, vivacious, hale(0706) vibrant 원기 왕성한, 정열적인; 진동하는 vigorous, lively, and vital
unflagging ↔ fading
flagrant [fléigrənt] adj. (거짓, 잘못 등이) 현저하게 눈에 띄는,명백한; 악명높은, 파렴치한
1. Conspicuously bad, offensive, or reprehensible 2. Obsolete Flaming; blazing.
flagrant ↔ hidden, concealed, obscure, subtle
flam [flæm] n. 거짓, 사기 1. a lie or hoax; a deception 2. nonsense; drivel
flam ↔ true story
flamboyant [flæmbɔ iənt] a. 화려한, 현란한; showy 1 highly elaborate; ornate 2. richly colored; resplendent 3. marked by striking audacity or verve 4. given to ostentatious display; showy
furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve flamboyant ↔ modest, restrained, plain, humble, understated, subdued (1순위) understated; exhibiting restrained good taste subdued (색, 빛, 목소리 등이) 완화된, 억제된
flamboyant ↔ natural (2순위)
flange [flændʒ] n. 플랜지; (차바퀴의) 불룩한 테두리 : a protruding rim, edge, rib, or collar, as on a wheel or a
pipe shaft, used to strengthen an object, hold it in place, or attach it to another object
flannel [flǽnl] n. 플란넬 천 [모 또는 면과 모의 혼방]; (pl.) 플란넬 의류
flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric :: tin : metal linen 아마포, 린네르; (집합적) 린네르 제품
flatter [flǽtər] v.t. 아첨하다
: to compliment excessively and often insincerely, especially to win favor
flattery : praise :: loquaciousness : talkativeness (A >> B) loquacious; very talkative; garrulous talkative; marked by or having a disposition to talk garrulous; given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk;
tiresomely talkative sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation extortion 강요, 강탈; (직권 남용에 의한) 강요 extort; to obtain from another by coercion or intimidation
toady : flatter :: extortionist : intimidation :: querulous person : complain toady 아첨꾼 a person who flatters or defers to others for self-serving
reasons; a sycophant sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation sabbatical 안식일의; 휴식의 infatuation 심취, 반함; 열중하게 하는 것/사람
castigate, excoriate, invective ↔ flatter
flaunt [fl :nt] v. 거드름피우다, 과시하다 to exhibit ostentatiously or shamelessly
flaunt : exhibit ::
flaw [flɔː] n. 흠, v. 흠집이 생기다, 금을 생기게 하다 1. an imperfection, often concealed, that impairs soundness 2. a defect or shortcoming in something intangible 3. a defect in a legal document that can render it invalid
glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense glitch 사소한 결함 a minor malfunction, mishap, or technical problem
impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile (OPPOSITE) impeccable 죄가 없는; 나무랄 데 없는 having no flaws; perfect ingenuous 솔직한, 숨김없는; 순진한, 꾸밈없는
flawed ↔ impeccable
flax [flæks] n. 아마 섬유 clay : porcelain :: flax : linen (A = B의 재료)
fledge [fledʒ] v.t.(새 새끼를)기르다; (화살에)깃을 달다; 털로 덮다 1. to take care of (a young bird) until it is ready to fly 2. to cover with or as if with feathers 3. to provide (an arrow) with feathers * fledgling n. 어린 새, 풋내기 adj. young, new, or
inexperienced * fledged a. 날 수 있게 된, 어른이 된 * full-fledged
fledge ↔ molt molt 털갈이 하다, 허물을 벗다
fledgling ↔ experienced practitioner(명), mature(형) full-fledged ↔ defective full-fledged ↔ incipient, nascent
flee [fli:] v. 달아나다; 재빨리 움직이다 1. to run away, as from trouble or danger 2. to pass swiftly away; vanish
flee ↔ plod
fleeting [flíːtiŋ] a. 순식간의, 덧없는 : passing quickly; ephemeral
fleeting : pass :: perennial ↔ fleeting perennial 영구적인, 반복하는; 연중 끊이지 않는
flexible [fléksəbəl] a. 휘기 쉬운s; 나긋나긋한, 융통성 있는 : PLIANT, TRACTABLE
1. a. capable of being bent or flexed; pliable b. capable of being bent repeatedly without injury or
damage 2. susceptible to influence or persuasion; tractable 3. responsive to change; adaptable * inflexible adj. 구부러지지 않는, 구부릴 수 없는, 경직한
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inflexible : alteration :: adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty (EQUAL) limber 쉽게 휘는, 유연한 spindly 가냘픈 slender and elongated, especially in a way that
suggests weakness frail 허약한, 무른; 의지가 약한
static : moving :: pliable : inflexible (OPPOSITE) flexibility : spinelessness :: courage : daredevilry, foolhardiness (A << B) spineless 가시가 없는; 등뼈가 없는, 흐느적거리는; 나약한 lacking
courage or willpower daredevil recklessly bold calcification ↔ flexibility flexible ↔ mulish
flighty [fláiti] a. 변덕스러운, 엉뚱한 1. a. given to capricious or unstable behavior b.
characterized by irresponsible or silly behavior 2. easily excited; skittish
sedate ↔ flighty, roil sedate 진정시키다
flicker [flíkər] v. 차츰 꺼지다 : to move irregularly or unsteadily : FLUTTER
flicker ↔ shine steadily
flimsy [flímzi] a. 부서지기 쉬운, 약한, (근거, 이론, 주장 등이) 박약한, 설득력 없는, 불충분한
light, thin, and insubstantial / lacking solidity or strength / lacking plausibility d
flimsy ↔ substantial, plausible, convincing substantial 강한, 튼튼한
flinch [flintʃ] v. 움찔하다, 뒤로 물려 삼가다 1. to start or wince involuntarily, as from surprise or pain 2. to recoil, as from something unpleasant or difficult;
shrink grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh grisly 소름끼치는; 으스스한 inspiring repugnance; gruesome droll 까부는, 우스꽝스러운 amusingly odd or whimsically comical
solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch (명 : 동, A → B) solicitude 염려, 걱정 care or concern, as for the well-being of
another
flint [flint] n. 부싯돌; 아주 단단한 것; 냉혹한 것 pestle : grind :: flint stone : spark pestle 막자, 절굿공이 → mortar
flippant [flípənt] a. 경박한, 무례한 : marked by disrespectful levity or casualness; pert
pert 뻔뻔스러운, 주제넘은, 건방진 flippant : respect, sincerity :: nonchalant : concern nonchalant 무관심한, 냉담한; 냉정한, 무심한 seeming to be coolly
unconcerned or indifferent flip : respect :: nonchalant : concern (A=B가 없는) flippancy ↔ seriousness, gravity, sobriety, austerity, solemnity sobriety [səbráiəti] 절주, 금주; 근엄, 엄숙
flippant ↔ reverential, earnest, grave, serious
flirt [fləːrt] n. 바람둥이 여자 v. 장난삼아 연애하다 (n.) v. 1. to make playfully romantic or sexual overtures 2. to deal playfully, triflingly, or superficially with 3. to move abruptly or jerkily
flirt : decency :: decency 고상함, 예의바름; 체면, 체모
supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious (탄원자 : 탄원하는 :: 바람난 여자 : 바람난)
flit [flit] v. 휙 움직이다
1. to move about rapidly and nimbly 2. to move quickly from one condition or location to another
nimble 날렵한, 민첩한; 눈치 빠른, 재치 있는 flit : move :: blurt : utter blurt 불쑥 말하다 to utter suddenly and impulsively
flit ↔ plod, move ponderously, trudge plod 무거운 발걸음으로 걷다; 꾸준히 해나가다
flock [flɑk / flɔk] n. 짐승의 떼 [양, 염소, 새의 무리] clique, coterie : intimates :: flock : sheep herd : animals :: flock : birds flock ↔ segregate segregate 분리/격리하다; (인종 등을) 차별하다
floppy [flɑ pi|flɔ pi] a. (의복 등이) 펄럭이는, (문체 등이) 짜임새 없는, 산만한
tending to flop; loose and flexible; LIMP floppy ↔ taut, inflexible
florid [flɔ (:)rid] a. 혈색이 좋은, 장밋빛의; 화려한, 현란한 1. flushed with rosy color; ruddy 2. very ornate; flowery
florid ↔ solemn
flounder [fláundər] vi. 허둥 다 1. to make clumsy attempts to move or regain one's balance 2. to move or act clumsily and in confusion
flounder : process :: flounder ↔ slide, act gracefully, move gracefully slide to move over a surface while maintaining smooth, continuous
contact flounder ↔ move nimbly nimble : 재빠른, 날렵한, 민첩한
flourish [flə ːriʃ, flʌ riʃ] vi. 번창하다 : THRIVE, 장식문자를 쓰다, 미사여구를 구사하다 n. 자랑삼아 보이기
1. to grow well or luxuriantly; thrive 2. to do or fare well; prosper 3. to be in a period of highest productivity, excellence, or
influence 4. to make bold, sweeping movements : to wield, wave, or exhibit dramatically 명사 1. an embellishment or ornamentation: signed her name with
a distinctive flourish; a long speech with many rhetorical flourishes
2. n ostentatious act or gesture: a flourish of generosity flourish ↔ wither, waste away, wilt, lose out flourish ↔ lack of embellishment
flout [flaut] v. (사람, 권위, 조언 등을) 경멸하다, 비웃다 : to show contempt for; scorn 예; flout a teacher’s advice 선생님의 충고를 비웃다
flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge (A는 B의 성격을 지님) taunt 비웃다, 악담을 퍼붓다 to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or
contemptuous manner flout ↔ heed, flatter, praise, compliment, comply
fluctuate [flʌ ktʃuèit] vi. 동요하다 1. to vary irregularly 2. to rise and fall in or as if in waves
pristine : decay :: stable : fluctuation pristine 원시 상태의; 순박한, 오염되지 않은
partial : equalize :: constant : fluctuate (OPPOSITE) fluctuate ↔ remain steady, stabilize fluctuation ↔ invariance
fluent [flúːənt] a. 유창한 : POLISHED 1. a. able to express oneself readily and effortlessly b.
flowing effortlessly; polished
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2. flowing or moving smoothly; graceful 3. flowing or capable of flowing; fluid
fluent : glib :: meticulous : finicky glib 입심좋은, 지껄이는 finicky 지나치게 까다로운, 몹시 신경을 쓰는
fluent ↔ halting
fluke [fluːk] n. 뜻밖의 행운, 요행 1. a stroke of luck 2. a chance occurrence; an accident
fluke ↔ predicted/expected occurrence
flurry [flə ːri, flʌ ri] n. 일진광풍 : a gust of wind, a brief light snowfall
flush [flʌʃ] v. (얼굴, 뺨을) 상기시키다; 왈칵 물을 흘리다, 한꺼
번에 쏟다 1. to turn red, as from fever, embarrassment, or strong
emotion; blush 2. to glow, especially with a reddish color 3. to flow and spread suddenly and abundantly, as from
containment; flood 4. to be emptied or cleaned by a rapid flow of water, as a
toilet galvanize : stimulate :: irrigate : flush irrigate 관개하다, 물을 다; 비옥하게 하다
fluster [flʌ stəːr] v. 당황케 하다 : to make or become nervous or upset
flustered ↔ calm
fluvial [flúːviəl] a. 하천의; 하류(河流) 작용으로 생긴 1. of, relating to, or inhabiting a river or stream 2. produced by the action of a river or stream
fluvial : river :: sidereal : star :: arboreal : tree :: sylvan : forest :: terrestrial : earth (aerial : star는 오답) sidereal 항성의, 별의 sylvan 숲의, 수목으로 이루어진; 숲의 요정
flux n. 흐름, 유동 v. 유동체로 하다, 유출하다, 유동하다, FLOW flux ↔ stability, solidity, stasis
focus [fóukəs] v. 초점에 모으다, 관심을 ~에 집중시키다, 주의를 집
중하다 focus ↔ radiate
foible [fɔ ib-əl] n. 사소한 약점, 결점 : WEAKNESS 1. a minor weakness or failing of character 2. the weaker section of a sword blade, from the middle to
the tip squabble : dispute :: foible : failing (A << B) squabble 쓸데없는 싸움을 하다
squabble : quarrel :: foible : failing (A << B) tiff : squabble :: foible : failing (A << B) tiff 가벼운 입씨름, 승강이; 언짢음
foible : fault, flaw :: quibble : objection
foil [fɔil] n. 금속의 박편, 박(箔) v. 실패시키다, 좌절시키다; 무찌
르다, 격퇴하다 v. 1. to prevent from being successful; thwart 2. to obscure or confuse (a trail or scent) so as to evade
pursuers foil : metal :: veneer : wood foil ↔ abet, alleviate, implement, soothe
foliage [fóuliidʒ] n. 군엽; 잎장식 1. a. plant leaves, especially tree leaves, considered as a
group b. a cluster of leaves 2. an ornamental representation of leaves, stems, and
flowers, especially in architecture
plumage : bird :: foliage : bush plumage 우모(羽毛), 깃털; (화려하게) 공들인 옷
folly [fɑ li / fɔ li] n. 어리석음, 어리석은 행동 1. a lack of good sense, understanding, or foresight 2. a. an act or instance of foolishness b. a costly undertaking
having an absurd or ruinous outcome folly ↔ sagacity sagacity 현명, 기민 the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment,
and farsighted
foment [foumént] v.t. 조장하다 : ROUSE, INCITE 1. to promote the growth or development of; incite 2. to treat (the skin, for example) by fomentation
conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate conducive 공헌하는, 도움이 되는 tending to cause or bring about;
contributive disseminate : information :: foment : discontentment disseminate 흩뿌리다, 널리 퍼뜨리다; 유포하다, 보급시키다
foment ↔ defuse, quell defuse 신관을 제거하다; (긴장을) 완화시키다 to make less
dangerous, tense, or hostile foment ↔ pacify, allay, alleviate, placate, quash, soothe, suppress, inhibit
quell, squelch ↔ foment, instigate, rouse
fondness [fɑ ndnis / fɔ nd-] n. 애정 1. warm affection or liking 2. a strong inclination or preference; a taste
fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness (A >> B)
foolproof [fú:lpr`u:f] a. 누구나 할 수 있는, 아주 간단한 1. designed so as to be impervious to human incompetence,
error, or misuse 2. effective; infallible
foolproof : fail :: airtight : leak
foolhardy [fúːlhɑ ːrdi] a. 무모한 : RASH : unwisely bold or venturesome; rash
foolhardy ↔ wise, circumspect
footloose [fútlùːs] a. 속박 없는 : having no attachments or ties; free to do as one pleases
dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment :: unversed : familiarity (A = B가 없는) trepidation 공포, 놀람, 불안, 동요 unversed 정통하지 않은, 숙달되지 않은
footloose ↔ attached
forage [fɔ (:)ridʒ] n. 먹이, 사료 v. 먹이를 주다, 먹이를 찾아다니다 forage : sustenance :: canvass : support (A는 B를 위한 것) (question : poll은 오답)
grazing : forager :: stalking : hunter
forebear [fɔ ːrbɛ əːr] n. 선조 ANCESTOR : a person from whom one is descended; an ancestor
forebear ↔ descendants
forbearance [foə:rb'ε:ərəns] n. 삼가기, 자제; 인내; 용서 forbearance ↔ impatience
forbidding [fəːrbídiŋ] a. 무서운, 소름끼치는; 위태로운, 험악한 1. tending or threatening to impede progress 2. unpleasant; disagreeable
ford [fɔːrd] n. 건널 수 있는 얕은 곳 : a shallow place in a body of water, such as a river, where
one can cross by walking or riding on an animal or in a vehicle
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ford : river :: pass : mountain pass 오솔길, 소로; 산길, 고개; 통행
forerunner [fɔ ə:rrʌ nə:r] n. 선조; 징조, 조짐 1. a. one that precedes, as in time; a predecessor b. an
ancestor; a forebear 2. a. one that comes before and indicates the approach of
another; a harbinger b. a warning sing or symptom forerunner ↔ adherent
forestall [fɔːrstɔ ːl] v. 미리 선수를 치다, 미연에 방지하다; (상품을) 매점하다 1. to delay, hinder, or prevent by taking precautionary
measures beforehand 2. to deal with or think of beforehand; anticipate 3. to prevent or hinder normal sales in (a market) by
buying up merchandise, discouraging persons from bringing their goods to market, or encouraging an increase in prices in goods already on sale
forestall ↔ abet, precipitate
forestry [fɔ (ː)ristri, fɑ r-] n. 임학, 삼림 관리 1. a. the science and art of cultivating, maintaining, and
developing forests b. the management of a forestland 2. a forestland
tree : forestry :: flower : horticulture horticulture 원예학
forest : tree :: fur : hair
foreword [fɔ ːrwə ːrd] 서문, 머리말 : a preface or an introductory note, as for a book, especially
by a person other than the author foreword : introductory :: appellation : designative appellation [æpəléiʃən] 이름, 명칭, 칭호; 명명
forfeit [fɔ :rfit] n. 벌금; 추징금; 상실, 박탈 something surrendered or subject to surrender as
punishment for a crime, an offense, an error, or a breach of contract
forgery [fɔ ːrdʒəri] n. 위조 : the act of forging, especially the illegal production of
something counterfeit plagiarism : ideas :: forgery : documents (베끼다) (중국 10회) plagiarism [pléidʒiərìzəm] 표절; 표절물 plagiarize 표절하다
forger : metal :: miller : grain forger 위조범; 장장이
forgo [f :rgóu] v. (즐거움, 편의 등을) 삼가다, ~ 없이 지내다, ~을 버리다, 그만두다. to abstain from, relinquish
forgo : disuse :: forget : oblivion
forlorn [fərlɔ :rn] a. 비참한, 쓸쓸한, 황량한, 버림받은, 절망의 1. a. Appearing sad or lonely because deserted or
abandoned. b. Forsaken or deprived: forlorn of all hope. 2. Wretched or pitiful in appearance or condition. 3. Nearly hopeless; desperate; despondent.
forlorn ↔ cheerful, hopeful
formidable [fɔ ːrmidəb-əl] a. 무시무시한, 용기를 꺾는, 겁먹게
하는, 위협적인, 경외스러운 1. arousing fear, dread, or alarm 2. inspiring awe, admiration, or wonder 3. difficult to undertake, surmount, or defeat
formidable : intimidate :: (A한 사람은 B한다) overcome : formidable :: formidable ↔ comforting, simple, reassuring, enticing, genial, negligible, reassuring
formulaic [fɔ:rmjuléik] a. 정식(定式)의; 규정 로의; 흔해빠진, 틀에 박힌
formulaic ↔ innovative, original formulaic ↔ improvised
forsake [fə:rséik] v. 저버리다; 그만두다 1. to give up (something formerly held dear); renounce 2. to leave altogether; abandon
forsake ↔ uphold
forswear [f :rsw ər] v. ~을 맹세코 그만두다, 강하게 부정하다 1. a. to renounce or repudiate under oath. b. to renounce seriously 2. to disavow under oath; deny 3. to make (oneself) guilty of perjury
forswear ↔ adhere to, admit, approve, tell the truth
forte [fɔ ə:rtei] n. 장기, 장점; 칼몸의 최강부(↔ foible) 1. something in which a person excels 2. the strong part of a sword blade, between the middle and
the hilt(자루, 손잡이) forte ↔ weak point
forthright [fɔ ːrθràit] a. 솔직한, 똑바른 : direct and without evasion; straightforward
acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile acrid (맛 등이) 찌르는 듯한; 신랄한
furtive ↔ open, forthright, brassy brassy 놋쇠로 만든; 시끄러운; 저속한, 야한
deceive ↔ be forthright forthright ↔ backhanded backhanded 백핸드의; 비스듬한, 에둘러 말하는 oblique or
roundabout
fortify [fɔ ːrtəfài] v.t. 강화하다 : ENCOURAGE : to make strong
debilitated ↔ fortified vitiate ↔ fortify vitiate 손상하다, 타락시키다
enervate, vitiate ↔ fortify, strengthen vitiate 질을 떨어트리다; 타락/부패시키다
fortuitous [f :rtjú(:)itəs] a. 우연한, 행운의 1. Happening by accident or chance: accidental. 2. Usage Problem. a. Happening by a fortunate accident or
chance. b. Lucky or fortunate. fortuitous ↔ planned in advance, planned ahead, previously planned
foster [fɔ (ː)stəːr, fɑ s-] v.t. 조장하다 : ENCOURAGE 1. to bring up; nurture 2. to promote the growth and development of; cultivate 3. to nurse; cherish
cherish 소중히 하다, 귀여워하다; (소원 등을) 품다 foster ↔ retract, stifle, thwart stifle 숨을 막다, 질식시키다; 억누르다, 억제하다; 진압하다; (불을)
끄다
founder [fáundəːr] v.t. 가라앉다; 실패하다; 무너지다, (땅이) 꺼지다 : SINK
1. to sink below the water 2. to cave in; sink 3. to fail utterly; collapse
foundation : building :: root : tree founder ↔ stay aloft, keep afloat aloft in or into a high place; high or higher up
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founder ↔ succeed
foundry [fáundri] n. 주물 공장; 주조 mill : grain :: foundry : metal blacksmith : foundry :: artist : studio :: chemist : lab blacksmith 장장이
fracas [fréikəs / frǽkɑː] 싸움(판), 야단법석, 소동 : a noisy, disorderly fight or quarrel
fracas ↔ peaceful discussion
fractious [frǽk∫əs] a. 보채는, 성 잘 내는, 싸우기 좋아하는, 다루기 힘든
: inclined to make trouble; unruly : having a peevish nature; cranky
fractious : umbrage :: (화 잘 내는, 화) umbrage; 불쾌(감), 화, 토라짐
fracture [frǽktʃəːr] v. 부서지다 : RUPTURE, TEAR 1. to cause to break 2. to disrupt or destroy as if by breaking 3. to abuse or misuse flagrantly, as by violating rules
flagrant 악명 높은; 언어도단의 conspicuously bad, offensive, or reprehensible
rupture 파열시키다, 찢다; (우호 관계 등을) 끊다 to break open cement ↔ fracture
fragile [frǽdʒəl / -dʒail] a. 잘 부서지는, 약한; 허약한; 덧없는 1. easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; frail 2. lacking physical or emotional strength; delicate 3. lacking substance; tenuous or flimsy
fragile : break :: porous : penetrate :: flammable : burn porous 다공성의; 스며드는
limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty limber 나긋나긋한, 유연한; 민활한, 경쾌한 spindly 가냘픈 slender and elongated, especially in a way that
suggests weakness frail 허약한, 연약한; 덧없는, 일시적인
fragility ↔ strength fragile ↔ robust
fragment [frǽgmənt] v. 산산히 부서지다 : to break or separate (something) into fragments
fragment ↔ coalesce
fragrant [fréigrənt] adj. 향기로운 : having a sweet or pleasant smell. synonyms see
ODOROUS fragrant ↔ fetid
frail [freil] a. 허약한; 의지가 약한, 나약한; 잘 부서지는 1. physically weak; delicate 2. not strong or substantial; slight 3. easily broken or destroyed; fragile 4. easily led astray; morally weak
spindly : frailty :: limber : flexibility spindly 가냘픈 slender and elongated, especially in a way that
suggests weakness frail ↔ not easy to crumb, firm, hale frailty ↔ hardness, stamina, sinew
frangible [frǽndʒəbl] adj. 부서지기 쉬운, 무른 * infrangible 부서지지 않는, 강한, 파괴할 수 없는
infrangible : broken :: inestimable : counted
fraternize [frǽtəːrnàiz] 친하게 지내다, 형제처럼 지내다 1. to associate with others in a brotherly or congenial way 2. to associate on friendly terms with an enemy or opposing
group, often in violation of discipline or orders
fraternizing ↔ unrelated to fraternize ↔ estrange, shun
fraud [fr :d] n. 사기, 기만; 협잡, 배신; 사기 행위, 부정 수단 1. a deception deliberately practiced in order to secure unfair
or unlawful gain 2. a piece of trickery; a trick 3. a. one that defrauds; a cheat b. one who assumes false
pose; an impostor
fraudulent [frɔ ːdʒulənt] a. 사기의, 부정직한 : DECEITFUL 1. engaging in fraud; deceitful 2. characterized by, constituting, or gained by fraud
authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical (OPPOSITE) hypocrisy 위선
hoax : fraudulent :: paragon : excellent hoax (가벼운) 장난; 속이기
fraught [fr :t] a. 내포한, ...(악의, 위험 등으로) 가득 찬 1. filled with a specified element or elements; charged 2. fully provided marked by distress; upsetting
fraught : placid :: baffling : perspicuous (OPPOSITE) placid 조용한, 평온한, 만족한
fraught ↔ devoid, lacking, calm, hale, robust, vigorous
freak [friːk] n. 변덕 1. a sudden and odd or seemingly pointless idea or turn of
the mind 2. a seemingly capricious action or event
freckle [frékl] n. 주근깨, 작은 반점, 기미 freckle : skin, face :: pinstripe : fabric
freelancer [fríːlǽnsər, -lɑ ːnsər] n. 자유계약자 : a person who pursues a profession without a long-term
commitment to any one employer freelance n.
freelance(r) : employer :: nomad : domicile nomad 유목민; 방랑자 domicile 거주지, 집; 주소 1. a residence; a home 2. one's legal
residence
freewheel [fríːhwíːl] vi. (자동차의 동력을 끊고) 타성으로 달리
다; 자유롭게 행동하다 1. to continue turning or spinning after disengagement from
the drive mechanism 2. to live or move freely and sometimes aimlessly or
irresponsibly 3. to operate independently or free of restraints
frenetic [frinétik] a. 열광적인, 제정신이 아닌 : wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied * frenetic = frantic
energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate :: firm : obstinate :: careful : meticulous :: frugal : penurious (A << B) obdurate 고집이 센, 완고한 interrogatory 의문의, 의심스러워 하는
frenetic, frantic ↔ composed, uninterested, sober, composed frenetic ↔ moderate
frenzy [frénzi] n. 격분, 광란 1. a state of violent mental agitation or wild excitement 2. temporary madness or delirium 3. a mania; a craze
convulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion convulsion 경련; 심한 발작; (사회적, 정치적) 동요, 동란
calm : frenzy :: serene : tumultuous (OPPOSITE) calmness : frenzy :: abandon : inhibition abandon n. 방종 a complete surrender of inhibitions
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energetic : frenetic, frenzied :: firm : obdurate, obstinate (A << B) agitated : frenetic :: literate : erudite (A << B) calm ↔ frenzy
frequency [frí:kwənsi] n. 빈발, 빈번; 빈도, 횟수; 진동수 * frequent v.t. 자주 가다, 늘 함께 있다; 친하게 지내다. 예; He enjoys sports, and frequents the gym. 스포츠를 좋아
해서 체육관에 자주 간다 : to pay frequent visits to; be in or at often
frequency : pitch :: wavelength : color frequent ↔ avoid, shun, visit rarely (동사), stay away from frequency ↔ rarity
fresco [fréskou] n. 프레스코 벽화 fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor parquetry (마루 등의) 조각 나무 세공
fret [fret] v. 괴롭히다, 초조하게 하다 : to become vexed or worried
draconian : inclemency :: fretting : vexation inclement [inklémənt] 혹독한, 사나운; 냉혹한
fret ↔ assuage
fretful [frétfəl] a. 안달하는 초조해 하는, 성마른 1. inclined to be vexed or troubled; peevish 2. marked by worry and distress; troublesome
fretful ↔ displaying equanimity, equanimous, pleasing, conciliating, relaxed equanimity; 침착, 냉정(calmness)
fretwork [frétwə :rk] n. 도려내기 세공 1. ornamental work consisting of three-dimensional frets;
geometric openwork 2. such ornamental work represented two dimensionally by
chiaroscuro fretwork : ornamentation :: oil : lubricant (A는 B의 한 종류)
friable [fráiəb-əl] a. 부서지기 쉬운 : easily crumbled; brittle
friable : crumble :: malleable : alter :: lucid : comprehend malleable (금속 등을) 벼릴 수 있는; 적응성 있는, 유순한
impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible (OPPOSITE) impervious 불침투성의, 통과시키지 않는; 영향을 받지 않는 combustible 가연성의; 흥분하기 쉬운
friable ↔ not easily crumbled, resistant to be pulverized, substantial, difficult to be crumbled, unable to crumble, hard to be pulverized pulverize 가루로 만들다, 부수다 to pound, crush, or grind to a
powder or dust; to demolish
friction [fríkʃ-ən] n. 마찰 1. the rubbing of one object or surface against another 2. conflict, as between persons having dissimilar ideas or
interests; clash friction : oil, lubricant :: mobility : splint (B는 A를 ↓) abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration :: vaporized : heat
friendship [frénd∫ìp] n. 우정, 우의, 친목 friendship ↔ hostility
frieze [friːz] n. (벽) 프리즈 장식 frieze : building :: illumination : manuscript illumination 페이지나 첫 글자 등을 장식하는 것 manuscript 필사본; 손으로 쓰기
frieze : ornament :: pillar : support
frigid [frídʒid] a. 몹시 추운; 인정 없는, 쌀쌀한 1. extremely cold 2. lacking warmth of feeling 3. stiff and formal in manner 4. persistently averse to sexual intercourse
soaking : damp :: frigid : cool (A >> B) sweltering ↔ frigid sweltering 무더위에 지친; 무더운 oppressively hot and humid
frill [fril] n. 주름장식, 가식, 지나친 것 v. 주름장식을 달다 frill : superfluity :: void, vain : vacuity, vanity, absence :: germane : pertinency (A에는 B의 속성이 있는)
frill : luxurious :: frill ↔ economy, thrift, austerity, frugality
fringe [frindʒ] n. (가장자리) 술 장식; 주변, 외변, 주위 fringe ↔ center
fritter [frítəːr] v. 조금씩 쓰다, 조금씩 낭비하다 n. 작은 조각, 단편 : to spend or waste bit by bit, on trifles, or without
commensurate return - usually used with away fritter ↔ conserve
frivolous [frívələs] a. 시시한; 천박한 1. unworthy of serious attention; trivial 2. inappropriately silly
frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion (OPPOSITE) brash 성급한, 경솔한; 버릇없는, 노골적인
frivolous ↔ somber, grave, sober, temperate somber 어두컴컴한; 우울한; 심각한 serious; grave sober 술 취하지 않은; 절제하고 있는; 조용한, 침착한 temperate 삼가는, 절도가 있는
frivolousness ↔ temperance, grandeur temperance 중용, 절도, 자제, 절제 grandeur 위엄, 웅장, 위품
frond [frand] n. (양치식물, 종려 등의 잘게 갈라진) 잎 frond : fern :: needle : pine fern 고사리
frond : leaf :: boulder : rock (A는 B의 종류)
frothy [frɔ ːθi / frɔ θi] a. 거품의, 실속 없는 1. made of, covered with, or resembling froth; foamy 2. playfully frivolous in character or content
frothy ↔ weighty weighty 무거운; 중 한; 영향력 있는(influential)
forward [fróuwərd] adj. 성질이 뒤틀린, 심술궂은, 고집센 : stubbornly contrary and disobedient; obstinate
forward : control :: intrepid : discourage :: firm : obdurate
frowsy, frowzy [fráuzi] a. 지저분한, 케케묵은; 곰팡이 냄새가 나는 1. unkempt; slovenly 2. having an unpleasant smell; musty
dapper ↔ frowzy dapper 조촐한, 깔끔한, 맵시 있는 a. neatly dressed; trim b. very
stylish in dress frowzy ↔ original, striking
fructuous [frʌ ktʃuəs] adj. 다산의 : fruitful
fructuous ↔ barren
frugal [frúːg-əl] a. 절약하는, 검소한 1. practicing or marked by economy, as in the expenditure of
money or the use of material resources 2. costing little; inexpensive
parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride (A >> B) hubris 교만, 자만 overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance
frugal : penurious :: deferential : sycophantic :: firm : obdurate :: complaint : obsequious (A << B, B에 안좋은 뉘앙스)
frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant :: wary : paranoid (A << B, B에 안좋은 뉘앙스)
frugal : parsimonious :: attentive : obsequious frugal : stingy :: (combative : aggressive 아니면 lenient : lax임
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(200706)) frugal ↔ prodigal, sumptuous sumptuous 값진, 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운
frugality ↔ extravagancy, prodigality
frustrate [frʌ streit] v. 좌절시키다 1. a. to prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a
desire; thwart b. to cause feelings of discouragement or bafflement in 2. to make ineffectual or invalid; nullify
frustrate ↔ abet
full-bodied [fúlbɑ did / - bɔ d-] a. 맛좋은; 풍부한 1. having richness and intensity of flavor or aroma 2. rich and intense
full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound : topical : currency :: germane : pertinency resonant (소리가) 잘 울리는, 울려 퍼지는; 공명의
fulminate [fʌ lmənèit] v. 맹렬히 비난하다; 폭발하다 1. to issue a thunderous verbal attack or denunciation 2. to explode or detonate * fulmination n.
fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter adulate 아첨하다 to praise or admire excessively; fawn on flatter to compliment excessively and often insincerely, especially to
win favor fulminate : denunciation :: prevaricate : misrepresentation fulmination ↔ praise
fulsome [fúlsəm, fʌ l-] a. (역겨울 정도로) 아첨하는, 간사한 1. offensively flattering or insincere 2. offensive to the taste or sensibilities
courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness (A << B) bravado 허세; 무모함
fumble [fʌ mb-əl] v. 더듬다; 서투르게 만지다 1. to touch or handle nervously or idly 2. to grope awkwardly to find or to accomplish something 3. to proceed awkwardly and uncertainly; blunder
fumble : maladroit :: fumble ↔ handle adroitly
fungible [fʌ ndʒəb-əl] adj. 체 가능한 : being of such a nature that one part or quantity may be
replaced by another equal part or quantity in the satisfaction of an obligation
fungible ↔ unique
fungus [fʌ ndʒai, fʌ ŋgai] n. (곰팡이, 버섯 등의) 균류 fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist
furnace [fə ːrnis] n. 노(爐), 화덕; 혹독한 시련 1. an intensely hot place 2. severe test or trial
furnace : heat :: generator : electricity :: fan : blow
furor [fjúrɔːr, fjúrəːr] n. 열광, 격노 1. a general commotion; public disorder or uproar 2. violent anger; frenzy 3. a fashion adopted enthusiastically by the public; a fad 4. a state of intense excitement or ecstasy
furor, havoc ↔ serenity havoc 황폐, 파괴
furrow [fə :rou|fʌ r-] n. 골 v. (쟁기로) 갈다, 주름을 잡다, 골이 지다 furrow ↔ smooth, iron out
furtive [fə ːrtiv] a. 은 한, 수상쩍은 : SURREPTITIOUS, CLANDESTINE
1. characterized by stealth; surreptitious 2. expressive of hidden motives or purposes; shifty
caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied (명 : 형)
furtive : open :: flippant : reserved :: flamboyant : reserved flippant 경박한, 덤벙 는 marked by disrespectful levity of casualness
furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve flamboyant (색채가) 타는 듯한; 눈부신, 현란한; 플랑브와양 양식의
furtive ↔ open, forthright, brassy, aboveboard, candid, sublime, shamelessly bold, overt, unhidden brassy 놋쇠로 만든; 뻔뻔스러운, 저속한, 야한 cheap and showy;
flashy sublime 숭고한, 장 한; 기품 있는, 고상한 overt 공공연한, 명백한(obvious)
furtively ↔ candidly, openly
fury [fjú-əri] n. 격분, 격노; 격렬, 맹렬 1. violent anger; rage 2. violent, uncontrolled actin; turbulence
effervescence : feeling :: fury : anger effervesce [èfərvés] 거품이 일다; 들뜨다, 활기를 띠다
fuse [fju:z] v. 녹이다, 용해시키다, 융화시키다 1. to liquefy or reduce to a plastic state by heating; melt 2. to mix (constituent elements) together by or as if by
melting; blend fuse ↔ rend rend 찢다, 분열시키다
fuss [fʌs] v. 안달하다, 야단 법석하다; 귀찮게 잔소리하다 1. to trouble or worry over trifles 2. to be excessively careful or solicitous 3. to get into or be in a state of nervous or useless 4. to object; complain
assert : belabor :: tend : fuss (A << B) 주장하다 : 장황하게 논의하다 :: 주의하다, 신경쓰다 : 안달하다, 야단법석하다
garrulous : talkative :: fussy : careful (A >> B) garrulous given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk;
tiresomely talkative
fustian [fʌ st∫ən|-tiən] n. 과장된(허풍떠는) 표현 a. 쓸모 없는, (표현
이) 과장된 fustian : bombast :: vile : turpitude turpitude n. 비열, 야비함
fusty [fʌ sti] a. 곰팡내 나는; 구식의, 케케묵은 : rigidly old-fashioned or reactionary 1. smelling of mildew(곰팡이의 일종) or decay; musty 2. old-fashioned; antique
musty 곰팡이 핀, 곰팡내 나는; 케케묵은, 진부한; 무기력한 fusty ↔ fresh fusty : freshness :: plebeian : prestige plebeian a. 평민의, 대중의 n. 평민, 서민
futility [fjuːtíləti] n. 무익, 헛됨, 소용없음; 하찮은 것/일 : USELESSNESS
1. the quality of having no useful result; uselessness 2. lack of importance or purpose; frivolousness 3. a futile act
bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence :: void : empty (EQUAL) bootless 무익한, 보람 없는 without advantage or benefit; useless effulgent 찬란히 빛나는, 눈부신 shining brilliantly; resplendent
interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile (EQUAL) futile ↔ efficacious, wholesome efficacious 효과가 있는
futility ↔ effectiveness
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G
gadfly [gǽdflài] n. 귀찮게 구는 사람 1. a persistent, irritating critic; a nuisance 2. one that acts as a provocative stimulus; a goad 3. 쇠파리
nuisance 성가심, 귀찮음; 난처한 것 one that is inconvenient, annoying, or vexatious; a bother gadfly : goad :: humorist : amuse goad n. 막 기; 자극 v. 막 기로 찌르다; 부추기다, 선동하다
annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl churl 버릇없는 사람; 구두쇠 a rude, boorish person
gadget [gǽdʒit] n. 기계 장치; 부속품 : a small specialized mechanical or electronic device
gadgets : tools :: trinkets : jewelry trinket 작은 장신구; 사소한 것
gaffe [gæf] n. 외교상의 실수, 결례 : a clumsy social error; blatant mistake or misjudgment
gaffe : social :: malapropism : verbal malapropism ludicrous misuse of a word, especially by confusion with
one of similar sound gaffe : tactless :: exploit : heroic (CHARACTER) exploit 영웅적 행위, 위업, 공적 tact 약삭빠름, 재치
miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum decorum 단정함, 예의 바름; 적절함
illusion : perception :: gaffe : judgment
gainful [géinfəl] a. 이익이 되는, 유리한; 수입이 있는 : providing a gain; profitable
gainful ↔ unremunerative remunerative 보수가 있는, 유리한(profitable); 보답하는
gainsay [gèinséi] v. 부정하다, 반 하다 1. to declare false; deny 2. to oppose, especially by contradiction 예; There is no ~ing his innocence 그의 결백은 아무도 부정
못한다. gainsay ↔ affirm, conform, confirm, assent to, aver, speak in support of, concur, validate aver; to affirm positively; declare
gait [geit] n. 걸음걸이, 보조 1. a particular way or manner of walking or moving on foot 2. rate or manner of proceeding
gait : walk :: parlance : speak :: mnemonic : remember parlance 말투, 어조; 담화
galaxy [gǽləksi] n. 은하수 galaxy : stars :: archipelago : island archipelago [à:rkəpéləgòu] 다도해; 군도, 열도
gall [go:l] v. (피부를) 벗기다; 화나게 하다 n. 화나게 하는 것, 신경질
남 1. to make (the skin) sore by abrasion 2. to damage or break the surface of by or as if by friction;
abrade 3. to irk or exasperate; vex
gall ↔ pacify, appease, assuage, calm, lull, placate, mollify, soothe lull 달래다, 어르다; 진정시키다
galling ↔ mollifying
gallant [gǽlənt] a. 용맹스러운; 화려한, 아름다운; 친절한, 정중한 1. smartly or boldly stylish; dashing 2. a. unflinching in battle or action; valiant b. nobly or selflessly resolute 3. stately; majestic
stately 당당한, 위엄 있는, 장엄한 gallant ↔ craven, pusillanimous gallantry ↔ cowardliness, rudeness, discourtesy, insult
galley [gǽli] n. 갤리선; 배의 주방, 요리실 : the kitchen of an airliner or a ship
galley : ship :: kitchen : house
galling [gɔ ːliŋ] a. 짜증나게 하는 : VEXING : causing extreme irritation or chagrin; vexing
galling ↔ placating, pacifying, appeasing, mollifying placate 달래다, 위로하다; (노여움을) 삭이다 to ally the anger of,
especially by making concessions
galvanize [gǽlvənàiz] v. 자극하다; 기운을 북돋우다; 아연 도금을 하다 1. to stimulate or excite as if by an electric current 2. to arouse to awareness or action; spur 3. to coat (iron or steel) with rust-resistant zinc
galvanize : stimulate :: irritate : flush flush (얼굴을) 붉히다; (물을) 왈칵 쏟다 irritate to rouse to impatience or anger; annoy
galvanize ↔ lull, allay allay (불안 등을) 가라앉히다; (고통을) 완화시키다
gamble [gǽmbəl] v. 도박을 하다; 이판사판 모험하다, 투기를 하다 : to engage in reckless or hazardous behavior
adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble adamant 견고한, 요지부동의 impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason;
stubbornly unyielding
gambol [gǽmbəl] v. 까불며 뛰어다니다 : to leap about playfully; frolic
gambol ↔ plod, slog plod 터벅터벅 걷다, 천천히 나아가다; 열심히 일하다
gangling, gangly [gǽŋgliŋ] a. 빼빼 마른 : awkwardly tall or long-limbed; rangy
rangy 마르고 호리호리한, 피골이 상접한 gangly ↔ stalwart
gangway [gǽŋwèi] n. 통로; (비행기, 배의) 트랩 gangway : ship :: drawbridge : castle
garble [gɑ ːrbəl] v. 왜곡하다; 혼동하다, 착각하다 1. to mix up or distort to such an extent as to make
misleading or incomprehensible 2. to scramble (a signal or message), as by erroneous
encoding or faulty transmission correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity ramshackle 금시라도 무너질 듯한; 약한; 퇴폐적인
garbled : comprehend :: obscured : recognized garble ↔ elucidate, report accurately, report exactly elucidate to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify
gargantuan [gɑːrgǽntʃuən] a. 거 한, 엄청나게 큰 : of immense size, volume, or capacity; gigantic
gargantuan : large :: excruciating : painful (A >> B) excruciate 고통을 주다
minute, minuscule ↔ gargantuan minuscule 소문자로 쓰인; 아주 작은, 중요하지 않은
gargoyle [gɑ :rg il] n. 가고일. 사람, 동물 형상을 한 괴물의 조각 gargoyle : grotesque :: (A는 B의 성격을 지님)
garish [gɛəriʃ] a. 지나치게 화려한 1. a. marred by strident color or excessive ornamentation;
gaudy b. loud and flashy
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2. glaring; dazzling garish : color :: prying : inquisitive :: garish : colorful :: fawning : attentive :: bumptious : assertive (A >> B) prying 몹시 호기심이 강한 bumptious 거만한, 오만한 crudely or loudly assertive; pushy
stridency : sound :: garishness : appearance (DEFECTIVE) strident (소리가) 귀에 거슬리는 loud harsh, grating, or shrill;
discordant garish ↔ muted
garment [gɑ ːrmənt] n. 의복 : an article of clothing
hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet :: brim, rim : vessel hem (옷의) 단, 가장자리 ruffle 잔물결, 파문; 주름 장식; 불안, 동요 molding 주조, 성형; 돌림띠 장식
toga : garment :: (A는 B의 종류) tarpaulin : covering :: raincoat : garment tarpaulin [ta:rpɔ :lin] 방수 시트
garner [gɑ :rnə:r] v. ∼을 긁어모으다, 축적하다; 얻다, 입수하다 1. to gather and store in or as if in a granary 2. to amass; acquire
garnish [gɑ :rni∫] v. 장식하다
garrulous [gǽrjələs] a. 진저리나게 수다스러운; 장황한 1. given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk;
tiresomely talkative 2. wordy and rambling
garrulous : talkative :: cloying : sweet :: fussy : careful :: garish : bright (A >> B) cloy 넌덜나게 하다
garrulous, loquacious : words, talk :: prodigal, profligate : money garrulity ↔ taciturnity garrulous ↔ taciturn, reticent
gash [gæʃ] n. 깊은 상처 1. a long, deep cut 2. a deep flesh wound
cleft : chasm :: cut : gash (A << B) chasm 깊이 갈라진 틈
gasification [gæ səfikéiʃən] n. 가스화, 기체화 gasification, vaporization ↔ solidification
gauche [gouʃ] a. 투박한 : CRUDE : lacking social experience or grace; tactless gaucherie 버릇없음, 무뚝뚝함, 눈치없음, 서투름, 어색함
gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning (A에는 B가 없음, 형:명) cacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skill gaucheness ↔ polish, graceful polish 세련, 품위
gaudy [gɔ ːdi] a. (저속하게) 화려한 : showy in a tasteless or vulgar way
gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak, language grandiloquence 호언장담 pompous or bombastic speech or
expression
gauge [geidʒ] v. 측정하다, 판단하다 1. to measure precisely 2. to determine the capacity, volume, or contents of 3. to evaluate or judge 4. to adapt to a specified measurement 5. to mix (plaster) in specific proportions 6. to chip or rub (bricks or stones) to size
immeasurable : gauge :: inexorable : stop (irrealizable : describe는 오답)
scale : weight :: measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter :: plumb : depth :: gauge : pressure
gaunt a. (병, 굶주림으로) 여윈, 수척해진, 쇠약해진 gaunt ↔ hale, corpulent, obese, portly portly (중년인이) 살찐, 뚱뚱한
gawky [gɔ ːki] adj. 아둔한 : awkward, clumsy
gawky ↔ adept
gear [giər] n. 기어 gear : tooth :: screw : thread (A ∋ B)
gelid [dʒélid] adj. 얼음 같은 : extremely cold : ICY
gelid ↔ steamy
genealogy [dʒìːniǽlədʒi, -ɑ l-, dʒèn-] n. 계보, 가계; 자손, 혈통 1. a record or table of the descent of a person, family, or
group from an ancestor or ancestors; a family tree 2. direct descent from an ancestor; lineage or pedigree 3. the study or investigation of ancestry and family histories
pedigree 계도, 혈통표; 가계, 계통, 혈통
generality [dʒènərǽləti] n. 보편성 * generic a. 일반적인, 포괄적인
ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity ecumenical 전반적인, 보편적인 of worldwide scope or applicability;
universal generic ↔ specific
generosity [dʒènərɑ səti] n. 마음이 후함, 관 1. liberality in giving or willingness to give 2. nobility of thought or behavior; magnanimity 3. amplitude; abundance 4. a generous act
generosity ↔ stinginess
genial [dʒíːnjəl, -niəl] a. 친절한, 다정한, 상냥한; 온화한, 쾌적한 1. having a pleasant or friendly disposition or manner; cordial
and kindly 2. conducive to life, growth, or comfort; mild
resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality genial : bonhomie :: diplomatic : tact bonhomie [bánəmì:] 상냥한 태도, 온화한 얼굴
genial : joviality :: diplomatic : tact (A는 B의 성격을 가짐) genial ↔ caustic, dyspeptic, mordant, truculent, bellicose dyspeptic 소화 불량인; 화를 잘 내는 mordant 신랄한, 통렬한 bitingly sarcastic; bitingly painful truculent 잔혹한, 야만적인; 통렬한, 신랄한
caustic ↔ palliating, genial dour ↔ congenial, genial dour 기분이 언짢은
genteel [dʒentíːl] a. 품위 있는; 상류 사회의, POLITE 1. refined in manner; well-bred and polite 2. free from vulgarity or rudeness 3. elegantly stylish 4. a. striving to convey a manner or an appearance of
refinement and respectability b. marked by affected and somewhat prudish refinement
genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear : unscrupulous : qualm (A인 사람은 B가 없다) intrepid 두려움을 모르는, 용기 있는 resolutely courageous; fearless
truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse truculent 잔혹한, 야만적인; 통렬한, 신랄한 unregenerate 갱생하지 않는(unrepentant), 신념을 바꾸지 않는
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remorse 후회, 뉘우침 moral anguish arising from repentance for past misdeeds; bitter regret genteel ↔ loutish, churlish, vulgar, boorish loutish 버릇없는; 꼴사나운 awkward, stupid, and boorish churlish 촌뜨기의, 막된
genuine [dʒénjuin] a. 진짜의; 순진한 : ACTUAL, TRUE genuine : authenticity :: entire : integrity spurious ↔ genuine spurious 가짜의 lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin;
not genuine; false
germane [dʒəːrméin] a. 적절한 : FITTING : being both pertinent and fitting
cogent : validity :: germane : pertinence (A는 B를 갖고 있음) germane ↔ irrelevant, inappropriate
gerrymander [dʒérim`ændə:r] v. 자기 당에 유리한 선거구로 하다; 부당한 손질을 하다
gerrymander : district :: rig : contest rig 장비하다; 끌어 모으다, 급히 만들다; (시세 등을) 부정 수단으
로 조작하다
gesture [dʒéstʃər] n. 몸짓 parody : style :: mime : gesture (A = B를 흉내 내는 것)
geyser [gáizər] n. 간헐 온천 geyser : water :; volcano : lava
ghastly [gǽstli / gɑ ːst-] a. 소름 끼치는, 송장 같은; 터무니없는 1. inspiring shock, revulsion, or horror by or as if by
suggesting death; terrifying 2. suggestive of or resembling ghosts 3. extremely unpleasant or bad 4. very serious or great
ghastly : unpleasant :: (A >> B)
gibe [dʒaib] v. 조롱/우롱하다 : to deride or tease with taunting words
apologize : regret :: gibe : derision (동 : 명) condolence : sympathy, compassion :: gibe : derision condolence 문상, 애도 sympathy with a person who has
experienced pain, grief, or misfortune
gibberish [dʒíbəriʃ, gíb-] n. 알수 없는 말/횡설수설 : unintelligible or meaningless language: 1. a technical or esoteric language 2. pretentious or needlessly obscure language
giddy [gídi] a. 경솔한, 경박한; 현기증 나는 : FRIVOLOUS 1. a. having a reeling, lightheaded sensation; dizzy b.
causing or capable of causing dizziness 2. frivolous and lighthearted; flighty
giddiness ↔ graveness giddy ↔ serious, grave, staid, sober
gild [gild] v. ~에 금박을 입히다, ~의 겉치레를 하다
ginger [dʒíndʒər] n. 생강 ginger : spice :: (A ∈ B)
girder [gə :rdər] n. 들보; 도리 : a horizontal beam, as of steel or wood, used as a main
support for a building or bridge truss, girder : support :: ballast : stability truss 받침
gist [dʒist] n. 요지 : ESSENCE 1. the center idea; the essence 2. (law) the grounds for action in a sit
gist ↔ trivial point, tangential point
glacial [gléiʃər, gléisjər] a. 빙하의; 빙하처럼 매우 느린; 몹시 찬 1.a. Of, relating to, or derived from a glacier. b. Suggesting
the extreme slowness of a glacier 예; Work proceeded at a glacial pace. 2.a. Characterized or dominated by the existence of glaciers.
Used of a geologic epoch. b. Pleistocene. 3.Extremely cold; icy: glacial waters. See synonyms at cold. 4.Having the appearance of ice. 5.a. Lacking warmth and friendliness: a glacial stare. b. Coldly detached: a glacial composure glacier; a huge mass of ice slowly flowing over a land mass,
formed from compacted snow in an area where snow accumulation exceeds melting and sublimation
glacial : slow :: glacial : cold :: labyrinth : complicate glacier : ice :: inferno : heat(fire) glacier : ice :: sea : water
glade [gleid] n. 숲 속의 빈터 : an open space surrounded by woods 1. an open space in a forest 2. an everglade
everglade 습지 a tract of marshland, usually under water and covered in places with tall grass oasis : desert :: glade : wood
gladiator [glǽdièitər] n. 검투사; 논객 gladiator : arena :: lawyer : courtroom
glamorize [glǽməràiz] v.t. 매혹적으로 만들다; 미화하다 : ROMANTICIZE
1. to make glamorous 2. to treat or portray in a romantic manner; idealize or glorify
glamorous 매력이 넘치는, 매혹적인; 매우 활기 있는
glance [glæns, glɑːns] n. 흘끗 봄 v. 언뜻 보다 a brief or cursory look
blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation :: glance : look :: cameo : appearance (A는 B를 짧게 하는 것)
peck : kiss :: glance : look peck (부리로) 쪼다; 도려내다; 가볍게 키스하다
glaring [glɛ əriŋ] a. 번쩍이는, 눈부신; 현란한; 두드러진, 역력한; 노려보는
1. shining intensely and blindingly 2. tastelessly showy or bright; garish 3. conspicuous; obvious 4. staring with anger, fierceness, or hostility
glaring ↔ unnoticeable
glaze [gleiz] v. 윤을 내다, 반들반들하게 하다; 유약을 바르다 : to give a smooth, lustrous surface to
glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood varnish 니스, 유약, 도료; 겉치레, 속임수
glaze ↔ rumple rumple 구기다, 엉클어 놓다 to wrinkle or form into folds or creases
glee [gliː] 기쁨, 환희 : jubilant delight; joy
glee ↔ lamentation, mourning, sadness
glib [glib] a. 말로만 조잘거리는, 입심 좋은; 경박한 1. a. performed with a natural, offhand ease b. showing little
thought, preparation, or concern 2. marked by ease and fluency of speech or writing that often
suggests or stems from insincerity, superficiality, or deceitfulness
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fluent : glib :: meticulous : finicky maladroit : skill :: glib : profundity (LACK) maladroit a. 솜씨 없는, 재치 없는 glib ↔ labored, awkward, taciturn labored a. (동작이) 힘든, 곤란한, 괴로운, 굼뜬
glide [glaid] v. 미끄러지다 n. 활주, 활공 1. To move in a smooth, effortless manner. 2. To move silently and furtively. 3. To occur or pass imperceptibly. 4. To fly without propulsion. Used of an aircraft. 5. Music. To blend one tone into the next; slur. Linguistics. To articulate a glide in speech. 명. the act of gliding
glide : effort :: wander : purpose (A에는 B의 성격이 없다)
glimmer [glímər] 1. to emit a dim or intermittent light 희미하게 빛을 내다 2. to appear faintly or indistinctly 희미하게 나타나다, 어렴풋
이 보이다
glisten [glísn] v. 반짝이다 : to shine by reflection with a sparkling luster
dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere dingy 더러운, 칙칙한; 윤기 없는, 신선미 없는
glitch [glitʃ] n. 자그마한 흠, 고장 : a minor malfunction, mishap, or technical problem
glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense glitch : malfunction, problem :: peccadillo : error
gloat [glout] vi. 만족스럽게 바라보다 : to feel or express great, often malicious, pleasure or self-
satisfaction primp : vain :: gloat : smug primp 단정히 꾸미다 to dress or groom (oneself) with meticulous or
excessive attention to detail vain 무익한, 쓸모없는; 우쭐 는, 자부심 강한 smug 잘난 체 하는, 독선적인
gloomy [glúːmi] a. 음울한 : MELANCHOLY 1. partially or totally dark, especially dismal and dreary 2. showing or filled with gloom 3. a. causing or producing gloom; depressing b. marked by
hopelessness; very pessimistic despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy :: masterful : skilled (EQUAL) despondent 낙심한, 풀이 죽은 = dejected saturnine [sǽtərnàin] 토성의; 성미가 까다로운 melancholy or
sullen
glorify [glɔ ːrəfài] v.t. 찬미하다, 미화하다 1. to give glory, honor, or high praise to; exalt 2. to cause to be or seem more glorious or excellent than is
actually the case 3. to give glory to, especially through worship
gloss [glɔːs, glɑs / glɔs] n. 광택, 윤; 주석, 주해; 억지 해석 v. 광택/윤을 내다; 주석을 달다, ~을 그럴싸하게 설명하다, 얼버
무리다 명사 1. a. a brief explanatory note or translation of a
difficult or technical expression usually inserted in the margin or between lines of a text or manuscript b. a collection of such notes
2. an extensive commentary, often accompanying a text or publication
3. a purposefully misleading interpretation or explanation 동사 1. to give a bright sheen or luster to 2.To provide (an expression or a text) with a gloss or
glosses.
3.To give a false interpretation to. blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation blurb (책의 표지, 띠 등에 넣는) 짧은 광고 scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition
glossary [glɑ səri, glɔ (ː)s-] n. (권말의) 용어 해설 a list of difficult or specialized words with their definitions,
often placed at the back of a book glossary : text :: legend : map
glossy [glɔ (ː)si, glɑ si] a. 반들반들한, 광택 있는; 그럴싸한, 겉치레만의 1. having a smooth, shiny, lustrous surface 2. superficially and often speciously attractive; showy
varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth sand 모래/사포로 닦다
glut [glʌt] v. 실컷 먹이다, 싫증나게 하다;공급 과잉이 되게 하다 : OVERSUPPLY n. 충분한 공급, 공급 과잉, 과도한 양
1. to fill beyond capacity, especially with food; satiate 2. to flood (a market) with an excess of goods so that supply
exceeds demand glut ↔ dearth, paucity dearth 부족, 결핍; 기근 a scare supply; shortage of food; famine
glutinous [glúːtənəs] a. 아교질의, 끈적이는 : GUMMY, STICKY : of the nature of or resembling glue; sticky * agglutinated, agglutinate 접착된, 덩어리의
etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive agglutinated ↔ disaggregated glutinous ↔ non viscous viscous 점착력 있는, 끈적끈적한
glutton [glʌ tn] n. 식가; 지칠 줄 모르는 정력가 1. a person who eats or consumes immoderate amounts of
food and drink 2. a person with an inordinate capacity to receive or
withstand something avarice : money :: gluttony : food glutton : appetite :: zealot : passion glutton : overindulgence :: ascetic : self denial ascetic 고행자; 금욕주의자
gluttonous : restraint :: pristine : taint (A에는 B가 없는) gluttonous ↔ abstemious
gnarled [nɑːrld] adj. 울퉁불퉁한 : full of knots or gnarls : KNOTTY : crabbed in disposition, aspect, or character
gnarled ↔ smooth
goad [goud] v.t. 부추겨 자극하다 : SPUR : to prod or urge with or as if with a long pointed stick
command : entreaty :: goad : enticement (A >> B) entreaty 간청, 탄원 an earnest request or petition; a plea
gadfly : goad :: humorist : amuse goad ↔ check, curb, lull curb 억제하다, 억누르다; 재갈을 물리다
gobble [gɑ bəl / gɔ bəl] v.t. 게걸스레 먹다 1. to devour in large, greedy gulps 2. to take greedily; grab
gulp 꿀꺽꿀꺽 마시다, 삼키다; 숨이 막히다, 목메다 quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble :: swill : sip nibble 조금씩 갉아먹다 swill 벌컥벌컥 마시다 to drink greedily or grossly
gobble : eat :: guzzle : drink
go-getter [góugètər] n. 수완가, 수단꾼
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go-getter ↔ inactive, apathetic, boring, weak, impotent person
goggle [gɑ gəl / gɔ glə] n. 보호 안경 goggles : eyes :: gloves : hands :: earmuff : ear
goldbrick [gouldbrìk] n. 가짜 금괴, 겉만 번드르르한 것; 태만
한 군인 vi. 게으름 피우다 to shirk one's assigned duties or responsibilities
evade : answer :: goldbrick : work
goodwill [gúdwíl] n. 호의, 친절; 온정, 친선 1. an attitude of kindness or friendliness; benevolence 2. cheerful acquiescence or willingness 3. a good relationship, as of a business enterprise with its
customers or a nation with other nations goodwill ↔ spleen, rancor spleen 비장, 지라; 불쾌, 울화 = ill temper rancor 원한; 증오 bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated ill will
gorge [gɔːrdʒ] vi. (게걸스럽게) 실컷 먹다 : GLUT 1. to stuff with food; glut 2. to devour greedily
reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge reticent 입이 무거운, 과묵한; 삼가는
gossamer [gɑ səmər / gɔ s-] n. a. 얇고 가벼운 (것) : something light, delicate, or insubstantial 명사 1. a soft, sheer, gauzy fabric 2. something delicate, light, or flimsy 3. a fine film of cobwebs often seen floating in the air or
caught on bushes or grass 형용사 sheer, light, delicate, or tenuous; airyfli
gauzy 얇고 비치는 gossamer ↔ weighty, ponderous, substantial, strong, opaque
gouge [gaudʒ] v. 둥근끌로 도려내다 n. 1. a chisel with a rounded, troughlike blade 2. a. a scoping or digging action, as with such a chisel b. a
groove or hole scooped with or as if with such a chisel 3. (informal) a large amount, as of money, exacted or
extorted hack : carve :: gouge : engrave (A >> B) hack 난도질하다; 깊게 베다
gourmand [gúə:rmənd] n. 미식가, 식도락가; 식가 1. a lover of good food 2. a gluttonous eater
gourmand : food :: aesthetic : art (sage : wisdom은 오답) gourmand : appetite :: skinflint : thrift skinflint 지독한 구두쇠
gourmet [gúərmei, --] n. 미식가 a connoisseur of fine food and drink
connoisseur (미술품 등의) 감정가; 전문가, 권위자 bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food :: aesthete : art :: cineast : film bibliophile 애서가, 장서가 aesthete [ésθi:t] 심미안이 있는 사람 cineast [síniæst] 영화광
connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine gourmet : eat :: bookworm : read
graft [græft, grɑːft] v. 접붙이다, 이식하다 1. a. to unite (a shoot or bud) with a growing plant by
insertion or by placing in close contact b. to join (a plant or plants) by such union
2. to transplant or implant (living tissue, for example) surgically into a bodily part to replace a damaged part or compensate for a defect
3. to join or unite closely graft ↔ disjoin
grandeur [grǽndʒər, -dʒuər] n. 웅장함, 장관 : MAGNIFICENCE 1. the quality or condition of being grand; magnificence 2. nobility or greatness of character
grandeur :: mean :: (OPPOSITE) grandeur ↔ frivolousness, shabbiness frivolous 시시한, 하찮은; 천박한 unworthy of serious attention;
inappropriately silly
grandiloquence [grændíləkwənt] n. 호언장담 : pompous or bombastic speech or expression
gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak gaudy 화려한; 야한; 미사여구를 쓴 showy in a tasteless or vulgar
way grandiloquent ↔ secretive secretive 숨기는 having or marked by an inclination to secrecy; not
open, forthright, or frank
grandiose [grǽndiòus] a. 웅장한; 젠체하는, 거드름 피우는 1. characterized by greatness of scope or intent; grand 2. characterized by feigned or affected grandeur; pompous
ephemeral : longevity :: grandiose : humility (OPPOSITE) grandiose ↔ humble, trivial, modest humble 겸손한; 하급의, 작은
grandstand [grændstæ nd] v. (관중을 의식한) 화려한 플레이를 하다
to perform ostentatiously so as to impress an audience grandstand : impress :: equivocate : deceive :: proselytize : convert
granite [grǽnit] 화강암
hydrogen : atom :: granite : rock
grant [grænt, grɑːnt] v.t. 인정하다 1. to consent to the fulfillment of 2. to accord as a favor, prerogative, or privilege 3. a. to bestow; confer b. to transfer (property) by a deed 4. to concede; acknowledge
concede ↔ refuse to grant withhold ↔ grant withhold 보류하다; 만류하다 to keep in check; to refrain from giving,
granting, or permitting
grapevine [gréipvàin] n. 포도 덩굴; 유언비어, 낭설 1. a vine on which grapes grow 2. a. the informal transmission of information, gossip, or
rumor from person to person b. a usually unrevealed source of confidential information
grapevine ↔ official news
grapple [grǽpəl] n/v. 갈고리/갈고리로 걸다 : the act or an instance of grappling, a hand-to-hand struggle,
a contest for superiority or mastery
grate [greit] v. 비비다, 갈다; 삐걱거리다; 불쾌감을 주다 1. to reduce to fragments, shreds, or powder by rubbing
against an abrasive surface 2. to cause to make a harsh grinding or rasping sound
through friction 3. to irritate or annoy persistently
grating : sound :: acrid : odor :: fetid : smell acrid (맛, 냄새가) 찌르는 듯한, 얼얼한; 신랄한 fetid 악취가 나는, 냄새가 고약한 having an offensive odor
grate ↔ soothe grating ↔ soothing
gratify [grǽtəfài] v.t. 만족감을 주다 1. to please or satisfy
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2. to give what is desired to; indulge gratify : desire :: slake : thirst slake (갈증, 욕망 등을) 채우다; 달래다, 진정시키다; 약화시키다
aggrieve, irk, rile, nettle, displease ↔ gratify aggrieve 억누르다; 괴롭히다 irk 안달 나게 하다, 괴롭히다 to be irritating, wearisome, or vexing
to rile 화나게 하다; 휘저어 흐리게 하다 to stir to anger; to stir up
(liquid) nettle 쐐기풀로 찌르다; 안달 나게 하다 to irritate; vex
gratis [gréitis, grǽt-] a. 무료의 : FREE : without charge
gratuitous [grətjúːətəs] a. 무료의, 근거 없는(unwarranted), 정당하지 않은(unjustified), 여분의
1. given or granted without return or recompense; unearned
2. given or received without cost or obligation; free 3. unnecessary or unwarranted; unjustified
gratuitous : justification :: gratuitous ↔ earned, paid gratuitous ↔ based, well-founded gratuitous ↔ justified, warranted, justifiable, merited, deserved warrant 허가, 정당한 이유; 담보, 보증 deserved 그만한 가치가 있는, 정당한
grave [greiv] n. 무덤, a. 엄숙한, 장엄한; 심각한; 침착한; 중요
한 v. 새기다 1. requiring serious thought; momentous 2. fraught with danger or harm 3. dignified and somber in conduct or character 4. somber or dark in hue
grave ↔ insignificant, trivial grave ↔ flippant, giddy, droll giddy 경솔한, 경박한
gravel [grǽv:əl] n. (집합적) 자갈 v. 자갈을 깔다, 어리둥절하
게 하다, 괴롭히다 a. 귀에 거슬리는 * gravelly 자갈의, 자갈이 많은, 신경질나게 하는 a gravelly
voice 귀에 거슬리는 목소리 gravel : pebble :: crowd : person : bouquet : flower gravel, gravelly ↔ mellifluous gravelly ↔ mellifluous gravelly 신경질나게 하는 (귀에 거슬리는)
gravity [grǽvəti] n. 중력; 무게, 중량; 진지함, 위엄 1. grave consequence; seriousness or importance 2. solemnity or dignity of manner
frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion frivolous 시시한, 하찮은; 천박한, 경망스러운 brash 성급한; 버릇없는, 무례한
droll, insignificant ↔ grave droll 까부는, 우스꽝스러운 amusingly odd or whimsically comical
flippancy, giddiness ↔ gravity flippant 경박한; 덤벙 는 marked by disrespectful levity or
casualness; pert giddy 경솔한, 경박한; 즉흥적인
greedy [gri:di] 1. excessively desirous of acquiring or possessing,
especially wishing to possess more than what one needs or deserves
2. wanting to eat or drink more than one can reasonably consume; gluttonous
3. extremely eager or desirous greed ↔ aversion, distaste, temperance greedy ↔ generous
green a. 초록의; 푸성귀의; 젊은, 활기 있는; 덜 익은, 미가공의;
경험 없는, 풋내기의 experience : green :: pelf : impecunious pelf 돈, 부(富)
inexperience : green :: pertinacity : refractory pertinacious 고수하는, 끈질긴, 집요한
gregarious [grigɛ əriəs] a. 사교적인, 군거성의 : SOCIAL 1. seeking and enjoying the company of others; sociable 2. tending to move in or form a group with others of the
same kind poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness poseur [pouzə:r] 젠체하는 사람 recluse; a person who withdraws from the world to live in seclusion and
often in solitude gregarious ↔ aloof, prefer solitude, reserved, unsociable, antogonistic aloof 떨어져, 초연하게 distant physically or emotionally; reserved and
remote
grievous [gríːvəs] a. 통탄할, 지독한, 몹시 아픈 1. causing grief, pain, or anguish 2. serious or dire; grave
grieve to cause to be sorrowful; distress dire 무서운, 비참한; 긴박한, 극단적인
smart : pain :: grieve : sorrow smart 쑤시고 아프다; 기분이 상하다
solace : grief :: pacification : anger solace [sáləs] 위안(이 되는 것) comfort in sorrow, misfortune, or
distress; consolation grievous ↔ slight, joyous
grift [grift] v. (남을) 사기치다
grill [gríːvəs] v. 석쇠에 굽다; 엄하게 심문하다 : to question intensely 1. to broil on a gridiron(석쇠) 2. to torture or afflict as if by broiling 3. (informal) to question relentlessly; cross-examine 4. to mark or emboss with a gridiron
question : grill :: (A << B)
grim [grim] 엄격한, 타협을 모르는 UNRELENTING
grimace [gríməs, griméis] n. 우거지상 : a sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain, contempt,
or disgust contortion : body :: grimace : face :: chagrin : mind contortion (얼굴, 몸 등의) 뒤틀림, 경련; 왜곡 contort; to twist, wrench, or bend severely out of shape chagrin 원통함, 분함
grimace : pain :: chortle : amusement (A shows B) (flinch : fear는 오답) flinch 움찔하다, 물러서다
grin [grin] vi. 방긋 웃다, 씩 웃다 : to draw back the lips and bare the teeth, as in mirth or good
humor pout ↔ grin pout 삐죽거리다, 뿌루퉁하다
gripe [graip] v.t. 괴롭히다, 안달 나게 하다 : to irritate; annoy 1. (informal) to irritate; annoy 2. to cause sharp pain in the bowels of 3. to grasp; seize 4. to oppress or afflict
gripe : discontent :: praise : admiration
grisly [grízli] a. 소름 끼치는 : inspiring repugnance; gruesome
gruesome 오싹해지는, 소름끼치는 causing horror and repugnance; frightful and shocking
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grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh droll [droul] 까부는, 우스꽝스러운 amusingly odd or whimsically
comical
groove [gruːv] v. 홈을 파다 grooved : striation :: braided : strand striate 홈을 내다 strand (꼰) 밧줄, (밧줄 등을) 꼬다
striated : groove :: dappled : spot
grotesque [groutésk] a. 괴상한 : FANCIFUL, BIZARRE 1. characterized by ludicrous or incongruous distortion, as
of appearance or manner 2. outlandish or bizarre, as in character or appearance 3. of, relating to, or being the grotesque style in art or a
work executed in this style
grotto [grɑ tou / grɔ t-] n. 작은 동굴 : a small cave or cavern
grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel arroyo [ərɔiou] 작은 시내; 작은 협곡
grouch [graut∫] v. 시무룩해지다, 투덜거리다 n. 토라진 사람, 투덜
거림 1. a habitually complaining or irritable person 2. a grumbling or sulky mood: in a grouch about the long
line for tickets 3. a complaint; a grudge: had only one grouch against the
landlord 동사 : To grumble or sulk
grouch : irritable :: wag : droll wag v. 머리, 꼬리 / 혀 등이 쉴 새 없이 움직이다 n. 익살꾼, 재치가 풍부한 사람
groundless [gráundlis] adj. 근거(이유, 까닭) 없는, 사실 무근의 groundless ↔ substantial, well-founded, persuasive, justifiable, logical, justified
grouse [graus] 투덜 다(grumble), 불평하다 : to complain; grumble
grouse ↔ rejoice
grove [grouv] n. 작은 숲; 과수원 1. a small wood or stand of trees that lacks dense
undergrowth 2. a group of trees planted and cultivated for the
production of fruit or nuts grove : trees :: archipelago : islands
grovel [grɑ vəl, grʌ vəl / grɔ vəl] vi. 비굴하게 굴다; 기다, 엎드려 기다
1. to behave in a servile or demeaning manner; cringe 2. to lie or creep in a prostrate position, as in subservience
or humility 3. to give oneself over to base pleasure
pluck : quit :: pride : grovel (A하면 B하기 어렵다) pluck v. 잡아 뽑다, 털을 뽑다 n. 용기
minion : dependent :: groveler : petitionary minion 앞잡이, 부하; 아첨꾼 petition 청원하다, 탄원하다
imperious : grovel :: (OPPOSITE) groveling ↔ supercilious, imperious, arrogant, domineering supercilious 거만한, 건방진 domineering 오만한, 폭군적인
growl v. 으르렁거리다, 고함치다, 투덜거리다; 성나서 말하다 1. to emit a low, guttural sound or utterance 2. to speak in an angry or surly manner
growl : guttural ::
grudge [grʌdʒ] n. 원한, 유감, 악의 : a deep-seated feeling of resentment or rancor
grudge ↔ goodwill
grueling [grúːəliŋ] 기진맥진하게 하는; 심한, 지독한 : physically or mentally demanding to the point of exhaustion
grueling ↔ effortless, easy, pleasing effortless : 노력이 필요없는, 쉬운
gruesome [grú:səm] 무서워서 오싹해지는, 소름끼치는; GHASTLY, HORRIBLE
: causing horror and repugnance; frightful and shocking: a gruesome murder
gruesome : repugnance :: sublime : awe (A는 B의 원인이 됨)
gruff [gr f] a. 거친소리의, 거친, 퉁명스런 1. brusque or stern in manner or appearance: a gruff reply 2. hoarse; harsh: a gruff voice
gruffness : convival :: gruff : congenial :: gruff ↔ amenable
grumble [grʌ mbəl] v. 불평하다, 투덜거리다 1. to complain in a surly manner; mutter discontentedly 2. to rumble or growl
grumble : discontent :: crow : exultation (warn : danger, snub : envy는 오답)
guarantee [gæ rəntíː] v.t. 보증하다 vouch ↔ refuse to guarantee vouch 보증하다; 뒷받침하다
guffaw [gʌfɔ ː, gə-] v. (천하게) 박장 소하다 n. 깔깔 웃음 : to laugh heartily and boisterously(난폭하고 시끄럽게 야단법석
으로 크게 웃는 것) growl : guttural :: (A는 B의 특성을 지닌)
guile [gail] n. 엉큼함, 꾸밈 : DUPLICITY : treacherous cunning; skillful deceit * guileless
acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile (OPPOSITE) acrid (맛, 냄새가) 얼얼한; 신랄한
blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless (OPPOSITE) blemish 해치다, 더럽히다, 손상하다 to mar or impair by a flaw
impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile (OPPOSITE) guile : artless :: blemish : flawless (OPPOSITE) gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination gullible 속기 쉬운, 잘 넘어가는 easily deceived or duped chicanery 얼버무리기, 발뺌 deception by trickery or sophistry
guile : naif :: tardy : prompt :: sensibility : boor :: purpose : aimless (OPPOSITE) naif, naive 순진한; 고지식한, 잘 속아 넘어가는
artless ↔ cunning, guile guileless ↔ manipulative, artful, disingenuous manipulative 조작할 수 있는; 속일 수 있는
guilt [gilt] n. 죄책감, 가책 : SELF-REPROACH 1. the fact of being responsible for the commission of an
offense 2. (law) culpability for a crime or lesser breach of regulations
that carries a legal penalty 3. a. remorseful awareness of having done something wrong b. self-reproach for supposed inadequacy or wrongdoing 4. guilty conduct; sin
narcissism : love :: guilt : blame (A >> B) blame 책망, 비난; (실패 등의) 책임
guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose expiation 속죄(의 방법/행위)
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innocence ↔ guilt
gullible [gʌ ləbəl] a. 잘 속는 : easily duped or cheated
compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible (A << B) gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination gullibility : discernment :: ambivalence : commitment :: misconduct : rectitude (deft : competence는 오답)
gullible : credulity :: vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled (A = B하기 어려운) wary 조심하는, 신중한 on guard; watchful; characterized by caution
gullible ↔ suspicious, untrusting
gully [gʌ li] n. 작은 협곡, 계곡; 도랑 : a deep ditch or channel cut in the earth by running water
after a prolonged downpour mountain : gully :: gully : erosion :: callus : friction (dewdrop : evaporation은 오답)
gulp [g lp] v. 꿀꺽꿀꺽 마시다, 삼키다; 숨이 막히다, 목메다 1. to swallow greedily or rapidly in large amounts 2. to choke back by or as if by swallowing
gum [gʌm] n. 고무 resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant resin 수지; 송진
gush [gʌʃ] n. v. 분출(하다) 1. to flow forth suddenly in great volume 2. to emit a sudden and abundant flow, as of tears 3. to make an excessive display of sentiment or enthusiasm
blast : whiff :: gush : trickle whiff 한 번 불기, 한 모금 trickle (액체가) 조금씩 흐르다, 똑똑 떨어지다; 새다, 조금씩 나오
다 gush : effusive :: rage : irate :: fulminate : irate (동 : 형) irate 화난 extremely angry; enraged fulminate 큰 소리로 폭발하다; 격렬하게 비난하다
gust [gʌst] n. 돌풍 1. a strong, abrupt rush of wind 2. a sudden burst, as of rain or smoke 3. an outburst of emotion
gust : wind :: cloudburst : rainfall :: flare : light :: yank : pull (갑자기 suddenly B하는 것=A) yank 홱 잡아당기다 cloudburst 호우; 다량 a sudden, heavy rainstorm; a downpour
guttural [gʌ tərəl] adj. 목구멍(throat)의, 목쉰 소리의(harsh, throaty); [聲] 후두음의, 연구개음의
1. Of or relating to the throat. 2. Having a harsh, grating quality, as certain sounds
produced in the back of the mouth. 3. Linguistics. Velar.
growl : guttural :: growl : to emit a low, guttural sound
guzzle [gʌ zəl] v. 폭음하다; 낭비하다 : to drink greedily or habitually; to consume to excess
complain : carp :: drink : guzzle (A << B) carp 트집 잡다, 당치 않은 소리를 늘어놓다 to find fault in a
disagreeable way; complain fretfully fretful 안달하는, 언짢아하는
H habit [hǽbit]
1. a. a recurrent, often unconscious pattern of behavior that is acquired through frequent repetition
b. an established disposition of the mind or character 2. customary manner or practice 3. an addiction, especially to a narcotic drug 4. physical constitution 5. characteristic appearance, form, or manner of growth,
especially of a plant or crystal 6. a. a distinctive dress or costume, especially of a religious
order b. a riding habit (승마복) habit ↔ unwonted behavior
habitable [hǽbətəbəl] a. 거주할 수 있는 : suitable to live in or on; inhabitable
potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling untenable ↔ habitable untenable (명제가) 지지할 수 없는; 살기에 부적합한
hack [hæk] v. 난도질하다, 마구 자르다; (땅, 흙을) 파다, 갈다; (문장을 삭제하여) 엉망으로 만들다, 망치다 1. to cut or chop with repeated and irregular blows 2. to break up the surface of (soil) n. 돈독 올라 일하는 놈 a person who works solely for
mercenary reasons mercenary : soldier :: hack : writer mercenary 보수가 목적인; (군인이 용병으로) 고용된
hack : carve :: gouge : engrave (A >> B) engrave 새기다, 조각하다
hackneyed [hæ knid] a. 진부한 : overfamiliar through overuse; trite; lacking in freshness or
originality windy : concise :: hackneyed : original (OPPOSITE) windy 바람이 부는; 격렬한, 사납고 거센; 알맹이 없는, 공허한; 수다
스러운 equivocation : misleading :: bromide, cliche : hackneyed bromide 평범한 사람; 진부한 이야기 a commonplace remark or
notion; a platitude hackneyed ↔ fresh, offbeat, singular, original, new, noteworthy, innovative offbeat n. 약한 박자 a. 색다른 not conforming to an ordinary type or
pattern; unconventional singular 뛰어난, 보기 드문, 유일한
bromide ↔ unhackneyed person unhackneyed ↔ trite trite; lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition;
hackneyed
haggard [hǽgərd] a. 몹시 수척한, 초췌한 GAUNT n. 야생 매
hairbreadth, hairsbreadth, hair's-breadth [h ərbredθ] n. adj. 아주 가까운; extremely close
hairbreadth ↔ ample margin, widely margin
halcyon [hǽlsiən] a. 평온한; 풍요로운 n. 호반새 1. peaceful; tranquil 2. prosperous; golden
halcyon ↔ tempestuous, stormy, miserable, turbulent, violent, ominous, excited, dark, tumultuous, miserable
hale [heil] a. 정정한, 원기 왕성한 : SOUND : free from defect, disease, or infirmity; sound
hale ↔ infirm, effete, blighted, wan, anemic, decrepit, frail, gaunt effete [ifí:t] 기운이 빠진, 쇠약한 blight 말라죽게 하다; 망치다, 파멸시키다 wan [wan] 창백한, 파리한; 병약한, 힘없는; (빛 등이) 희미한 anemic 빈혈의; 무기력한
half-baked [hæfbéikt, hɑːfbéikt] a. 설익은; 미숙한, 불완전한 1. only partly baked
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2. (informal) insufficiently thought out; ill-conceived 3. (informal) exhibiting a lack of good judgment or
common sense half-baked ↔ well thought of, complete
halfhearted [hæfhɑ ːrtid, hɑːfhɑ ːrtid] a. 열성이 없는 exhibiting or feeling little interest, enthusiasm, or heart; uninspired
halfhearted ↔ enthusiastic
hallmark [hɔ :lmà:rk] n. 순도 검증 각인, 품질 증명; 특질, 특징 1. a mark indicating quality or excellence 2. a mark used in England to stamp gold and silver articles
that meet established standards of purity 3. a conspicuous feature or characteristic
hallmark ↔ uncharacteristic feature
hallow [hǽlou] v. 신성하게 하다; 경배하다 1. to make or set apart as holy 2. to respect or honor greatly; revere
hallow ↔ desecrate desecrate [désəkrèit] 신성을 빼앗다, 모독하다 to violate the
sacredness of; profane
hallucination [həlùːsənéiʃən] n. 환각, 환영; 착각, 망상 : false perception 1. a. false or distorted perception of objects or events with
a compelling sense of their reality, usually resulting from a mental disorder or as a response to a drug b. the objects or events so perceived
2. a false or mistaken idea; a delusion delusion : thought :: hallucination : perception delusion 현혹, 기만; 망상 a false belief or opinion
halting [hɔ ːltiŋ] a. 일관성 없는, 우물쭈물하는, 주저하는 1. hesitant or wavering 2. imperfect; defective
stammer : halting :: drone : monotonous halting ↔ glib, fluent
ham-handed [hǽmhǽndid] a. 서투른; 손이 몹시 큰 1. clumsy; maladroit; heavy-handed 2. having unusually large hands
ham-handed ↔ deft, adroit
hammer [hǽmə:r] v. 망치질하다, 망치질로 만들다; 강요하다 1. to hit, especially repeatedly, with or as if with a hammer;
pound 2. to beat into a shape with or as if with a hammer 3. to put together, fasten, or seal, particularly with nails, by
hammering 4. to force upon by constant repetition
hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar hammer : carpenter :: knife : butcher
hammering [hǽməriŋ] adj. 명심(각인)시키는 : to make repeated efforts ; to reiterate an opinion or
attitude
hamper [hǽmpər] v.t. 방해하다 : IMPEDE : to prevent the free movement, action, or progress of
n. 큰 바구니; 빨래 광주리 damage : ruin :: hamper : thwart (A=B) laundry : hamper :: mail : mailbox seminal ↔ hampering further development seminal 정액의; 창의적인(creative); 발달 가능성이 있는
hamper ↔ facilitate, help, allow, unfetter, liberate facilitate 촉진하다, 쉽게 만들다 to make easy or easier
hamstring [hǽmstrìŋ] v.t. (힘줄을 잘라) 무력화시키다; 좌절시
키다 : CRIPPLE 1. to cut the hamstring of (an animal or a person) and
thereby cripple 2. to make ineffective or powerless; to destroy or hinder the
efficiency of; frustrate hamstring : effectiveness, efficaciousness :: enervate : vitality, strength :: retard : process (B는 A의 대상)
hamstring ↔ mafke efficient
handle [hǽndl] v.t. 다루다 cumbersome ↔ easy to handle cumbersome 부담이 되는, 성가신, 거추장스러운 difficult to handle
because of weight or bulk
hangdog [hæŋdɔ (ː)g, hæŋdɑ g] a. 겁먹은; 풀이 죽은 : SAD, DEJECTED
1. shamefaced or guilty 2. downcast; intimidated
hangdog ↔ buoyant, elated, merry, sprightly, cheerful
hankering [hǽŋkəriŋ] n. 갈망, 열망 : YEARN : a strong or persistent desire hanker v. to have a strong, often restless desire
hankering ↔ lack of desire, aversion, hate, odium
haphazard [hǽphæzərd] a. 계획성 없는, 될 로 되라는 식의 : dependent upon or characterized by mere chance
haphazard : planning :: gauche : finesse haphazard ↔ systematic, methodical, orderly, planned methodical 정연한, 질서있는, 조직적인, 꼼꼼한
hapless [hǽplis] a. 불행한 luckless; unfortunate hapless ↔ fortunate, lucky, fortuitous
happy 1. characterized by good luck; fortunate 2. enjoying, showing, or marked by pleasure, satisfaction, or
joy 3. being especially well-adapted; felicitous 4. cheerful; willing
happy ↔ infelicitous infelicitous 불행한, 불운한; 서투른
harangue [hərǽŋ] v. 열변을 토하다 n. 연설, 열변, 비난 1. a long, pompous speech, especially one delivered before a
gathering 2. a speech or piece of writing characterized by strong feeling
or expression; a tirade harangue : mollify :: harangue ↔ speak temperately
harass [hǽrəs, hərǽs] v. 괴롭히다, 귀찮게 굴다 1. to irritate or torment persistently 2. to wear out; exhaust 3. to impede and exhaust (an enemy) by repeated attacks or
raids haunt : familiar :: morass, harass : irritating haunt 자주 들르다; 끊임없이 떠오르다 morass 습지; 곤경, 난국 harass ↔ delight, soothe, gratify
harbinger [hɑ ːrbindʒər] n. 선구자, 전조 : PRECURSOR : one that indicates or foreshadows what is to come; a
forerunner harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify presage 예감, 전조, 조짐 archetype 원형, 전형
harbor [hɑ ːrbər] n. 항구 v. 거처를 제공하다 : to give shelter to; to provide a place, home, or habitat for
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harbor ↔ evict, fail to shelter
hard-bitten [hɑːrdbítn] a. 산전수전 다 겪은 : toughened by experience
hard-bitten ↔ tender
hard-boiled [hɑ :rdbɔ ild] a. 무정한, 현실적인 1. cooked by boiling in the shell to a solid consistency.
Used of eggs 2. callous; unfeeling 3. unsentimental and practical; tough
hard-boiled ↔ impractical, sentimental
hardheaded [hɑːrdhédid] a. 완고한; 실제적인 1. stubborn; willful 2. realistic; pragmatic
hard-line [hɑ ːrdláin] 신조를 굽히지 않는 : firm and uncompromising, as in policy, position, or stance
hard-liner ↔ compromise
hardy [hɑ ːrdi] a. 튼튼한; 담한, 용감한; 뻔뻔스러운 1. being in robust and sturdy good health 2. courageous; intrepid 3. brazenly daring; audacious 4. capable of surviving unfavorable conditions, such as cold
weather or lack of moisture hardy ↔ feeble, tender, infirm, whimsical hardness ↔ frailty
harebrained [hɛərbrèind] a. 경솔한, 무모한 : FOOLISH foolish; flighty
harebrained ↔ deliberate, sober, patient, grave, judicious, sensible, sapient
harmonious [hɑːrmóuniəs] a. 조화로운 1. exhibiting accord in feeling or action 2. having component elements pleasingly or appropriately
combined 3. characterized by harmony of sound; melodious * harmony n.
harmony : congruity :: clandestine : secrecy harmonious ↔ acrimonious, cacophonous acrimonious 지독한, 독살스런, 신랄한 bitter and sharp in language
or tone; rancorous harmony ↔ discord, contention
harness [hɑ ːrnis] v.t. (말에) 마구를 달다; 이용하다 1. a. to put a harness on b. to fasten by the use of a harness 2. to bring under control and direct the force of
harness ↔ fail to utilize
harp [hɑːrp] n. 하프 horn : blow :: harp : pluck
harrow [hǽrou] v. (땅을) 써레로 고르다/갈다; 괴롭히다, 못살게 굴다
1. to break up and level (soil or land) with a harrow 2. to inflict great distress or torment on
harrow ↔ mollify, assuage, soothe
harry [hǽri] v. 괴롭히다; (남에게) 조르다; 약탈하다 n. 고뇌, 침략, 약탈
My publisher is ∼ing me to write another book. 출판사에서 나에게 책을 하나 더 쓰라고 조르고 있다.
1. to disturb or distress by or as if by repeated attacks; harass
2. to raid, as in war; sack or pillage harry : pacific :: harry ↔ comfort, mollify, untrouble, appease, leave undisturbed,
assuage, relieve, soothe harried ↔ untroubled
harsh [hɑːrʃ] a. 가혹한 1. unpleasantly coarse and rough to the touch 2. disagreeable to the senses, especially to the sense of
hearing 3. extremely severe or exacting; stern
barb : caustic :: pan : harsh pan 혹평
harshen ↔ soften encomium ↔ harsh criticism encomium 찬사 warm, glowing praise; a formal expression of praise; a
tribute mollycoddle ↔ treat harshly mollycoddle 응석받이, 사내답지 못한 사람
paean ↔ harshly lampoon paean [pí:ən] 찬가, 승리의 노래 lampoon 빈정거리다, 놀리다 to ridicule or satirize in or as if in a
lampoon harsh ↔ serene
hasten [héisn] v.t. 서두르다 : to move or act quickly
hasten ↔ slow the progress of, check, retard
hasty [héisti] a. 성미 급한, 경솔한 1. characterized by speed; rapid 2. done or made too quickly to be accurate or wise; rash 3. easily angered; irritable * haste n. 신속, 급속, 서두름
haste ↔ sluggishness, foot-dragging, dilatoriness hasty ↔ characterized by deliberation, well considered, deliberate
hatch [hætʃ] n. (배의 갑판에 있는) 해치; 출입구; 쪽문 1. a. an opening, as in the deck of a ship, in the roof or floor
of a building, or in an aircraft b. the cover for such an opening c. a hatchway
2. the hinged rear door of a hatchback 3. a floodgate
hatchway 승강구, 출입구 door : room :: hatch : hold
haughty [hɔ :ti] a. 거만(오만)한, 불손한 haughty ↔ humble, modest, self-effacing, unassuming, obliging haughtiness ↔ humility
haunt [hɔːnt, hɑːnt] v.t. 자주 가다; 자꾸 떠오르다 : FREQUENT
1. to inhabit, visit, or appear to in the form of a ghost or other supernatural being
2. to visit often; frequent 3. to come to mind continually 4. to be continually present in; pervade
haunt : familiar :: morass, harass : irritating morass 늪지; 곤경 something that hinders, engulfs, or overwhelms
persecute : injure :: haunt : remember persecute 학 하다; 귀찮게 괴롭히다
haunt ↔ shun, infrequency shun 피하다 to avoid deliberately; keep away from shunt (철도) 다른 궤도로 바꾸다 n. 전철기(switch)
frequent ↔ avoid
hauteur [houtə ːr] n. 거만함 : ARROGANCE, HAUGHTINESS : haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance
fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger swagger 뽐내며 걷다; 허풍을 떨다
hauteur ↔ humility, humbleness
haven [héivən] 항구, 피난처; 안식처
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1. a harbor or an anchorage; a port 2. a place of refuge or rest; a sanctuary
haven : danger :: nirvana : suffering haven ↔ unsafe place, dangerous place
havoc [hǽvək] n. 혼란 1. widespread destruction; devastation 2. disorder or chaos
furor, havoc ↔ serenity
haze [heiz] n. 옅은 안개; 몽롱(한 상태) 1. a. atmospheric moisture, dust, smoke, and vapor that
diminishes visibility b. a partially opaque covering 2. a vague or confused state of mind
headlong [hedlɔ ːŋ / hedlɔ ŋ] a. 거꾸로의; 저돌적인 1. with the head leading; headfirst 2. in an impetuous manner; rashly 3. at breakneck speed or with uncontrolled force
headlong : deliberation :: headlong ↔ deliberate
headstrong [hedstrɔ ːŋ, hedstrɑ ŋ] a. 고집 센 1. determined to have one's own way; stubbornly and often
recklessly willful 2. resulting from willfulness and obstinacy
headstrong : willfulness :: willful 계획적인, 고의의; 고집 센, 옹고집의 obstinately bent on
having one's own way headstrong :advice :: secretive : scrutiny (callous : sympathy는 오답) headstrong ↔ tractable
hearken, harken [hɑ ːrkən] v. 귀를 기울이다, 경청하다 : to listen attentively; give heed
hearken ↔ ignore
heart [hɑːrt] v.t. 격려하다 : to encourage; hearten
mollify : anger :: heart, hearten : dejection
hearten [hɑ :rtn] v. 기운/용기를 북돋우다; 격려/고무하다 : to give strength, courage, or hope to; encourage * enhearten = hearten
hearten : dejected :: enhearten, hearten ↔ dampen, weaken dismay, daunt ↔ hearten daunt 위협하다, 위압하다; 기죽게 하다
heart-rending [hɑːrtrèndiŋ] a. 가슴이 찢어질 듯한 : causing anguish or deep distress; arousing deep sympathy
heartrending : sad :: deafening : loud :: earsplitting : loud (A >> B) earsplitting loud and shrill enough to hurt the ears
heartsick [há:rtsik] adj. 깊이 고민하는, 비탄에 잠긴, 몹시 상심한 heartsick ↔ blithe, spirited
heated [híːtid] adj. 화난/격렬한 : marked by anger or passion
heated ↔ temperate, tempered
heckle [hékəl] v. 괴롭히다, 질문 공세를 퍼붓다, 조롱하다 : to harass and try to disconcert with questions, challenges,
or gibes : BADGER synonyms see BAIT (PP2에 나옴) heckle ↔ assuage, mollify, pacify
hectic [héktik] adj. 매우 흥분한, 법석을 떠는 1. Characterized by intense activity, confusion, or haste. 2. Medicine. Of, relating to, or being a fever that fluctuates
during the day, as in tuberculosis or septicemia. 3. Consumptive; feverish. 4. Flushed.
hectic ↔ calm
hedge [hedʒ] n. 울타리; (금전 손실에 한) 방어 1. a row of closely planted shrubs or low-growing trees
forming a fence or boundary 2. a linen of people or objects forming a barrier 3. a. a means of protection or defense, especially against
financial loss b. a securities transaction that reduces the risk on an existing investment position
4. an intentionally noncommittal or ambiguous statement * hedgerow 생울타리
hedgerow : fence :: arbor : shelter (A ∈ B, 혹은 A는 B의 기능을 함) hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination quarantine (질병 감염 방어를 위한) 격리; 검역소
safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss
hedonism [híːdənìzəm] n. 쾌락주의 : pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the
pleasures of the senses * hedonist; a person whose life is devoted to the pursuit of
pleasure and self-gratification * hedonic [hidɑ nik] a. 향락적인, 쾌락설의 1. of, relating to, or marked by pleasure 2. of or relating to hedonism or hedonists
hedonist : pleasure :: recluse : privacy :: narcissist : self hedonistic ↔ ascetic hedonic, hedonist ↔ ascetic hedonism, indulgence ↔ ascetism
heed [hi:d] v. (~에) 주의하다 n. 주의, 조심, 유의 heed ↔ flout (demur, linger, insult는 오답)
hegemony [hidʒéməni] n. 헤게모니; 주도권; 우위, 지배, 패권 : the predominant influence of one state over others
hegemony ↔ lack of authority
heinous [héinəs] a. 증오할, 아주 나쁜 : ABOMINABLE : grossly wicked or reprehensible; abominable
heinous : laudable :: heinous ↔ admirable heinous ↔ commendable, laudable, venial venial 용서할 수 있는, (죄가) 가벼운 easily excused or forgiven;
pardonable
heirloom [ɛ ərlùːm] n. 세습 제산 : a valued possession passed down in a family through
succeeding generations heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator bequest 유증; 유산 bequeath 유언으로 증여하다; 남기다, 전하다 testator 유언자 one who has made a legally valid will before death
helmet [hélmit] n. 헬멧, 투구 helmet : injury :: amulet : evil
helter-skelter [helterskélter] adv. 허둥지둥, 엉터리로 a. 허둥거
리는, 난잡한 n. 혼돈, 당황 helter-skelter ↔ moderate, orderly, steadfast, calm, steady, ordered, organized, systematic, methodical, prudent
hem [hem] n. 옷단; 가장자리 v. 둘러싸다, 가두어 넣다, 에헴이라
고 말을 하다, 말을 더듬다 명사 1. an edge or a border on a piece of cloth, especially a
finished edge, as for a garment or curtain, made by folding the selvage edge under and stitching it down
2. the height or level of the bottom edge of a skirt, dress, or coat; a hemline
동사 1. to utter a hem
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2. to hesitate in speech selvage (옷, 피륙 등의) 가장자리 hemline (스커트, 드레스 등의) 옷단의 공그른 선
hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet :: brim, rim : vessel hem ↔ speak directly, release, let go
hemostatic [hìːməstǽtik, hèm-] a. 지혈의 : acting to arrest bleeding or hemorrhage
styptic 수렴성의, 지혈의 stanch (액체, 특히 피를) 멎게 하다; 누그러뜨리다, 달래다
herald [hérəld] v.t. 공표하다 : ANNOUNCE, PROCLAIM unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement unherald ↔ proclaim
herbicide [hə ːrbəsàid] n. 제초제 : WEED-KILLER insect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide pesticide 살충제
hereditary [hirédətèri / -təri] a. 유전의 hereditary ↔ acquired
heretic [hérətik] n. 이교도, 이단자 a. 이단의(=heretical) : a person who holds controversial opinions, especially one
who publicly dissents from the officially accepted dogma of the Roman Catholic Church
* heresy [hérəsi] n. 이단, 반론 1. a. an opinion or a doctrine at variance with established
religious beliefs, especially dissension from or denial of Roman Catholic dogma by a professed believer or baptized church member
b. adherence to such dissenting opinion or doctrine 2. a. a controversial or unorthodox opinion or doctrine, as
in politics, philosophy, or science b. adherence to such controversial or unorthodox opinion
heresy : orthodoxy :: apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy (B 버린 상태 = A) apostasy 배교; 변절, 배신, 탈당 recant 철회하다 to make a formal retraction or disavowal of
heretic : nonconformity :: apologist : defend :: generous : liberality (authority : superiority는 오답)
heretic : dissent :: connoisseur : excel (A는 B의 특성을 가짐) (authentication : superior는 오답)
heresy ↔ dogma, orthodoxy dogma 교리, 정설
heretic ↔ purist purist one who practices or urges strict correctness, especially in the
use of words doctrine : heretical :: course : errant generous : liberality :: heretical : unconformity
hermetic [hə:rmétik] a. 기 의, 폐된; 신비학의, 연금술의 1. completely sealed, especially against the escape or entry
of air 2. impervious to outside interference or influence 3. often Hermetic (mythology) a. of or relating to Hermes Trismegistus or the works
ascribed to him b. having to do with the occult sciences, especially
alchemy; magical hermetic ↔ easily comprehended
hermit [hə ːrmit] n. 은둔자 : RECLUSE : a person who has withdrawn from society and lives a
solitary existence; a recluse * hermitage n. 은둔 생활, 은신처
vegetarian : meat :: hermit : society hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous seclude 은퇴시키다, 고립시키다 to set or keep apart, as from social
contact with others
landmark 경계표; 획기적인 사건
herpetology [hə ːrpətɑ lədʒist / -tɔ l-] n. 파충류학 salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist ichthyology [ìkθiálədʒi] 어류학
herpetology [hə ːrpətɑ lədʒist / -tɔ l-] n. 파충류학 salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist
hesitance, hesitancy [hézətəns] n. 주저함, 망설임; 우유부단 impetuous : hesitating :: irrepressible : servile impetuous 충동적인; 맹렬한 irrepressible 제지할 수 없는; 억누를 수 없는 difficult or impossible to
control or restrain parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance profligate 방탕한; 낭비하는
impetuous : hesitate :: irrepressible : servile hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride hubris 교만 overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance
alacrity, impetuosity ↔ dilatoriness, hesitance dilatory 꾸물거리는; 지연하는 intended to delay; tending to postpone
or delay impetuosity ↔ hesitance, vacillation
heterodox [he tərədɑ ks / -dɔ ks] a. 이단의 1. not in agreement with accepted beliefs, especially in
church doctrine or dogma 2. holding unorthodox opinions
heterodox : nonconformity :: authority : superiority (A have B) doctrinal : heterodox :: spontaneous : studied (OPPOSITE) heterodox : convention :: (OPPOSITE) heterodox : orthodox :: heterodox ↔ conventional, orthodox
heyday [héidéi] n. 한창때, 절정, 전성기 heyday ↔ lowest point, nadir (pandemonium은 오답)
hiatus [haiéitəs] n. 틈 1. a break in or as if in a material object : GAP 2. a gap or passage in an anatomical part or organ
hiatus ↔ nexus
hidebound [háidbàund] a. 편협한, 몹시 보수적인 : stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-minded, or inflexible
contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious 고집 센, 반항적인 obstinately disobedient or rebellious;
insubordinate hidebound : conservative :: maniac : interested, excited (A >> B) mania; an excessively intense enthusiasm, interest, or desire; a craze
hidebound : innovation :: parsimonious : expenditure hidebound : flexibility :: carefree : responsibility hidebound ↔ flexible, liberal
hideous [hídiəs] a. 끔찍한, 소름 끼치는; (도덕적으로) 타락한, 극악무도한 1. repulsive, especially to the sight; revoltingly ugly 2. offensive to moral sensibilities
pulchritude ↔ ugliness, hideousness pulchritude [pʌ lkritjù:d] 미모 great physical beauty and appeal
affinity ↔ aversion, hideousness
hie [hai] v.t. 재촉하다 : HASTEN : to go quickly
hie ↔ dawdle dawdle 시간을 낭비하다, 게으름을 피우다
hierarch [hɑ i:ər`a:rk] n. 사제, 주교; 고관 1. one who occupies a position of authority in a religious
hierarchy
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2. one who occupies a high position in a hierarchy hierarch ↔ egalitarian egalitarian 평등주의자
hierarchy [háiərɑ ːrki] n. 계급 조직 echelon : hierarchy :: echelon [éʃəlàn] (함선, 군 등의) 배치; (지휘, 명령 등의) 단계,
계층 hierarchical ↔ unranked
hieroglyph [háiərəglìf] n. 상형문자; 판독이 어려운 문자 1. a picture or symbol used in hieroglyphic writing 2. something that suggests a hieroglyph
decipher : hieroglyph :: break : code (B(문자로 된 암호)를 A(풀다) :: 암호(code)를 풀다(break) break the code 암호를 해독하다) character : hieroglyph :: book : manual character; a symbol used in secret writing; a cipher or code. A mark or symbol used in a writing system. 문자(ideograph)(▷ 보통 한자(漢字)와 같은 표의 문자를 말하며, 표음 문자는 letter라고 함); 기호, 부호; <집합적> (한 체계로서의) 문자; [컴퓨터] 문자 (세트), 숫자. Greek ∼s 그리스 문자. musical ∼s 악보의 기호. an inscription in Chinese ∼s 한자의 명(銘). character
manual a small reference book
hieroglyphic [ha iərəgli fik] a. 상형문자의, 상징적인; 알아보기 어려운 1. a. of, relating to, or being a system of writing, such as
that of ancient Egypt, in which pictorial symbols are used to represent meaning or sounds of a combination of meaning and sound b. written with such symbols
2. difficult to read or decipher
high-strung [háistrʌ ŋ] adj. 긴장한, 몹시 신경질적인, 흥분하기 쉬운, 몹시 예민한
high-strung ↔ easygoing, tranquil, laid-back
hike [haik] n. 하이킹; 급격한 인상 v. 1. to go on an extended walk for pleasure or exercise 2. to rise, especially to rise upward out of place
backset ↔ hike backset 역행, 역전; 역류
hilarious [hilɛəriəs, hai-] a. 유쾌한 : characterized by or causing great merriment
hilarious : laughter :: contemptible : disdain hoary : old :: hilarious : funny (A >> B) hoary 백발의; 오래되어 예스러운
hinder [híndə:r] v. 방해하다 1. to be or get in the way of 2. to obstruct or delay the progress of
hinder ↔ further, facilitate, speed, succor further 발전시키다, 조장하다, 촉진하다
hinge [hindʒ] n. (문 등의) 경첩; 요점, 중심점 : a point or circumstance on which subsequent events
depend
hint [hint] n. 암시 : CLUE 1. a slight indication or intimation 2. a. a brief or indirect suggestion; a tip b. a statement conveying information in an indirect fashion;
a clue 3. a barely perceptible amount
nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion (A << B)
hirsute [hə :rsju:t] a. 털의, 털이 많은, 털투성이의 1. covered with hair; hairy 2. botany. covered with stiff or coarse hairs
hirsute ↔ hairless
histrionic [hìstriɑ nik / -ɔ n-] a. 배우의, 연기의, 꾸민 듯한 : THEATRICAL
1. of or relating to actors or acting 2. excessively dramatic or emotional; affected
histrionic : actor :: pedantic : scholar
hitch [hitʃ] v. (갈고리 등을) 걸다, 매다;홱 움직이다, 끌어당기다 1. to fasten or catch temporarily with or as if with a loop,
hook, or noose 2. to connect or attach, as to a vehicle 3. to move or raise by pulling or jerking
hive [haiv] n. 벌통; 북새통인 곳 1. a. a structure for housing bees, especially honeybees b. a colony of bees living in such a structure 2. a place swarming with activity
tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive tumultuous 소란스런, 무질서한 bedlam 소동, 혼란 a place or situation of noisy uproar and
confusion
hoard [hɔːrd] v. 저장하다; (생각, 사실 등을) 가슴속에 감추다 n. 저장 v. To gather or accumulate a hoard. To keep hidden or private. n. a hidden fund or supply stored for future use; a cache
miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine :: shirk : malinger dandy 멋쟁이 a man who affects extreme elegance in clothes and
manners preen (새가 날개를) 부리로 다듬다; 우쭐 다 malinger 꾀병을 부리다 to feign illness or other incapacity in order to
avoid duty or work shirk v. (일, 책임 등을) 회피하다 n. 꾀부리는 사람, 게으름쟁이
hoard : money :: lavish ↔ hoard lavish 후한; 풍부한, 넉넉한
hoard ↔ distribute, squander, dwindle, scatter, disperse
hoarse [hoə:rs] a. (목소리가) 쉰, 허스키한; 귀에 거슬리는 1. rough or grating in sound 2. having or characterized by a husky, grating voice
hoarse ↔ honeyed, mellifluent, mellifluous, smooth
hoary [hɔ ːri] a. (머리가) 반백인; 아주 오래된 : ANCIENT 1. gray or white with or as if with age 2. covered with grayish hair or pubescence 3. so old as to inspire veneration; ancient
pubescence 묘령; 솜털에 덮인 상태 puberty 사춘기, 묘령
hoary : old :: hilarious : funny :: saturated : wet (A >> B) hilarious 법석 는; 유쾌한 characterized by or causing great
merriment
hoax [houks] n. 속여먹기 : IMPOSTURE 1. an act intended to deceive or trick 2. something that has been established or accepted by
fraudulent means hoax : fraudulence :: paragon : excellence fraudulent 속이는, 부정직한
hoax : deceive :: filibuster : delay
hobble [hɑ bl / hɔ bl]/[hɑ bəl / hɔ bəl] n. 곤경(구어) be in a hobble 곤경에 빠져 있다 / 발을 절기
v. 다리 절다, 더듬거리다 : to walk or move along haltingly or with difficulty; limp. : to cause to limp 1. a hobbling movement 2. to cause to limp; make lame; CRIPPLE
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hobble : halting :: slink : furtive slink 살금살금 걷다
hobble ↔ move fluidly, move quickly
hodgepodge [hɑ dʒpɑ dʒ / hɔ dʒpɔ dʒ] n. 뒤범벅 : JUMBLE : a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble
hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliche : originality items : hodgepodge :: people : rabble rabble 오합지졸, 어중이떠중이; 폭도
rioter : hodgepodge :: interpreter : translation :: illuminator : instruction illuminator 조명 기구; 계몽가, 교화자
hoist [hɔist] v. 인양하다, 끌어올리다 : to raise or haul up with or as if with the help of a
mechanical apparatus bolster : support :: tackle : hoist (A is a tool for B) tackle 도구, 용구; 도르래, 기중기; (축구 등의) 태클
hoist ↔ lower
hollow [hálou|hɔ l-] adj. 텅 빈, 내용 없는, 실속이 없는, 성실하지 못한
hollow ↔ substantial
homage [hɑ midʒ / hɔ m-] n. 존경, 경의 : RESPECT 1. ceremonial acknowledgment by a vassal of allegiance to
his lord under feudal law 2. special honor or respect shown or expressed publicly
vassal 봉신(封臣), 가신; 종자, 수하 feudal 봉건제도의, 영지의, 중세의
counsel : advice :: laud : homage (A = B를 주는 행위) homage ↔ disrespect
homely [hóumli] a. 가정적인; 검소한; 못생긴 1. not attractive or good-looking 2. lacking elegance or refinement 3. of a simple or unpretentious nature; plain 4. characteristic of the home or of home life
pulchritude ↔ ugliness, hideousness, homeliness pulchritude 육체의 아름다움 hideous [hídiəs] 무시무시한, 소름끼치는; 가증스러운, 비열한
homily [hɑ məli / hɔ m-] n. 설교, 훈계 1. a sermon, especially one intended to edify a
congregation on a practical matter and not intended to be a theological discourse 2. a tedious moralizing lecture or admonition
parable : story :: homily : lecture (A는 B의 ‘도덕적’인 종류) parable 우화; 비유 a simple story illustrating a moral or religious
lesson homily : edifying :: edifying 교훈적인
homogenize [həmɑ dʒənàiz, houmə -/-mɔ -] v.t. 균질이 되게 하다 : to make homogeneous * homogeneous adj. * homogeneity [houmədʒəní:əti|h -] n. 균질성
miscellaneous : homogeneity :: homogenize : uniform :: putrefy : rotten (A하면 B된다) putrefy 부패하다
homogeneous ↔ motley, differential, disparate stratify ↔ homogenize stratify 층으로 만들다; 계층화하다
hone [houn] v. 숫돌로 갈다; 효과적으로 만들다 : WHET 1. to sharpen on a fine-grained whetstone 2. to perfect or make more intense or effective
hone ↔ blunt blunt; adj. v. 무디게 하다
honorarium [ɑ nərɛ əriəm / ɔ n-] n. 사례금 : a payment given to a professional person for services for
which fees are not legally or traditionally required amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful (유형 : 특성 – 편의시설은 편안하고 사례금은 고마움) amenity 예의 바른 행동/말; 쾌적함
hoodwink [húdwìŋk] v. 속이다 : to take in by deceptive means; deceive
hoodwink ↔ disabuse
horn [hɔːrn] n. 뿔; 뿔피리 : TRUMPET horn : blow :: harp : pluck (뿔피리는 불고 하프 줄은 뜯는다)
hortative, hortatory [hɔ ːrtətiv] a. 권고의, 충고의 : marked by exhortation or strong urging
didactic : teach :: hortatory : urge (형 : 동) hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir :: didactic : teach exculpatory 변명의, 죄를 벗겨주는 exculpate to clear of guilt or blame
horticulture [hɔ ːrtəkʌ ltʃər] n. 원예학 tree : forestry :: flower : horticulture
hourly [ɑ uerli] a. 매 시간의, 빈번한, 끊임없는 adv. 빈번히, 끊임없이
hovel [hʌ vəl, hɑ v-] n. 오두막집 : HUT 1. a small, miserable dwelling 2. an open, low shed
palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city, metropolis
hub [hʌb] n. (바퀴의) 중심; (활동의) 중심 1. the center part of a wheel, fan, or propeller 2. a center of activity or interest; a focal point
spoke : hub :: radius : center spoke 바퀴살
hubris [hjúːbris] n. 교만 : overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance
parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride, self-confidence (A >> B) hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride :: flattery : praise hubris ↔ humility, self-effacement, subservience, self-doubt, humbleness, self-abasement
hue [hju:] n. 색조 1. The property of colors by which they can be perceived as
ranging from red through yellow, green, and blue, as determined by the dominant wavelength of the light.
2. A particular gradation of color; a shade or tint. 3. Color: all the hues of the rainbow. 4. Appearance; aspect: a man of somber hue.
hue : beige :: metal : iron (종류) achromatic : hue :: extraneous : essence :: transitory : permanence (A는 B가 없는)
hulking [hʌ lkiŋ] 부피가 큰; 보기 흉한 : unwieldy or bulky; massive
hulking ↔ ethereal, gossamer, lively ethereal 가벼운; 절묘한
hull [hʌl] n. 낟알, 씨앗 등의 겉껍질, 덮개 v. ~의 겉껍질을 벗기다 hull ↔ kernel
humane [hju(:)méin] a. 자비로운, 인도적인; 우아한 1. characterized by kindness, mercy, or compassion 2. marked by an emphasis on humanistic values and concerns
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misanthropist : humane :: ascetic : voluptuary (OPPOSITE) voluptuary 방탕아 a person whose life is given over to luxury and
sensual pleasures; a sensualist
humanitarian [hjuːmæ nətɛəriən] n. 박애주의자 : PHILANTHROPIST
one who is devoted to the promotion of human welfare and the advancement of social reforms; a philanthropist
humble [hʌ mbəl] a. 겸손한; 작은, 하급의 1. marked by meekness or modesty in behavior, attitude, or
spirit; not arrogant or prideful 2. showing deferential or submissive respect 3. low in rank, quality, or station; unpretentious or lowly
dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness dour 기분이 언짢은, 음침한 bumptious 거만한, 오만한 crudely or loudly assertive; pushy
impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness humility : supplicant :: resistance : adversary humble ↔ fustian supercilious, bumptious ↔ humble supercilious 거만한, 건방진 feeling or showing haughty disdain
panache, hauteur ↔ humility panache [pənǽʃ] (투구 등의) 장식; 당당한 태도, 품위, 기백 hauteur 거만, 오만 haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance
humility [hju:míləti] n. 겸손, 겸허; 비하 : the quality or condition of being humble
humility ↔ hauteur, panache hauteur 거만, 오만 panache 깃털 장식; 당당한 태도, 관록; 기백, 과시(display), 젠체
하기(pretension)
humor [hjúːmər] v.t. 어르다, 만족시키다; 비위를 맞추다 1. to comply with the wishes or ideas of 2. to adapt or accommodate oneself to
chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle (A << B) chide 꾸짖다, 잔소리하다 to scold mildly so as to correct or
improve; reprimand pillory (칼을 씌워) 구경거리로 만들다; 조롱하다 to expose to
ridicule and abuse
hurl [həːrl] v.t. 세게 던지다, 내던지다; (욕설 등을) 퍼붓다 1. to throw with great force; fling 2. to send with great vigor; thrust 3. to throw down; overthrow 4. to utter vehemently
scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl [skaul] 찡그리다 to wrinkle or contract the brow as an
expression of anger or disapproval
hurricane [hə ːrəkèin, hʌ ri- / hʌ rikən] n. 허리케인 fire : inferno :: storm : hurricane (A << B) rain : deluge :: wind : hurricane (A << B) snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone (snow는 precipitation 강수의 종류, hurricane은 cyclone(미국식 사고방식에 따르면 cyclone은 일반적 열대성 저기압)의 종류)
husbandry [hʌ zbəndri] n. 농업, 축산; 절약 : ECONOMY : careful management or conservation of resources;
economy husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate procrastinate 미루다 to put off doing something, especially out of
habitual carelessness or laziness husband ↔ squander squander 낭비하다 to spend wastefully or extravagantly; dissipate
husbandry ↔ prodigality, waste husbandry ↔ mismanagement, squandering
husk [hʌsk] n. 콩류의 껍질 : SHELL
1. the outer membranous or green envelope of some fruits or seeds, as that of a walnut or an ear of corn
2. a shell or outer covering, especially when considered worthless
3. a framework serving as a support seed, corn : husk :: orange : rind :: banana : peel :: peanut : shell rind 껍질; 외관
husk ↔ core, vital part, kernel
husky [hʌ ski] a. 목소리가 쉰 : hoarse or rough in quality
husky ↔ delicate
hustle [hʌ səl] n. 치락딜치락하기 v. 서두르다; 고 나가다; 난폭하
게 다 1. to jostle or shove roughly 2. to convey in a hurried or rough manner 3. to cause or urge to proceed quickly 4. to gain by energetic effort
hustle ↔ stillness, tranquility
hybrid [háibrid] a. 잡종의 : COMPOSITE 1. (genetics) the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or
stock, especially the offspring produced by breeding plants or animals of different varieties, species, or races
2. a. something or mixed origin or composition b. something, such as a computer or power plant, having two kinds of components that produce the same or similar results
3. a word whose elements are derived from different languages
hybrid ↔ of unmixed extraction, purebred
hymn [him] n. 찬송가, 찬가; 찬양의 표현 PAEAN v. 찬양하다 1. a song of praise or thanksgiving to God or a deity 2. a song of praise or joy; a paean
hymn : praise :: elegy : sorrow :: dirge : grief :: madrigal : love (A show B)
hymn ↔ execrate(저주하다 swear, curse), deprecate (헐뜯다, 비난하다)
hyperbole [haipə ːrbəliː] n. 과장법 : a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for
emphasis or effect exaggerating : hyperbole :: malicious : ill-will :: diligent : effort anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole banter 놀림, 희롱 good-humored, playful conversation
pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole exaggerated : hyperbole :: nonsensical : drivel drivel [drívəl] 침을 질질 흘리다; 바보 같은 소리를 늘어놓다
hyperbolic ↔ factful, tactful hyperbole ↔ understatement
hypnotic [hipnɑ tik / -nɔ t-] a. n. 최면의, 최면제 : SOPORIFIC 1. a. of or relating to hypnosis b. of or relating to hypnotism 2. inducing or tending to induce sleep; soporific * hypnosis [hipnousis] n. 최면(상태), 최면술 1. a sleeplike state usually induced by another person in
which the subject may experience forgotten or suppressed memories, hallucinations, and heightened suggestibility(암시)
2. hypnotism(최면술) 3. a sleeplike condition
hypnotic, unwitting ↔ conscious hypnotic ↔ stimulant(흥분제, 자극제), bracing(기운을 돋우는, 긴장시키는), rousing (각성시키는, 자극하는) bracing 기운을 돋우는; 떠받치는 invigorating or refreshing;
strengthening
hypocrisy [hipákrəsi|-pɔ k-] n. 위선(적인 행위)
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1. the practice of professing beliefs, feelings, or virtues that one does not hold or possess; falseness
2. an act or instance of such falseness
hypocritical [hìpəkrítikəl] a. 위선적인 authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical hypocritical ↔ ingenuous, honest
hypothetical [hàipəθétikəl] a. 가설의 1. of, relating to, or based on a hypothesis 2. a. suppositional; uncertain b. conditional; contingent
hypothetical ↔ proven
I ichthyology [ìkθiɑ lədʒist / -ɔ l-] n. 어류학
salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist herpetology 양서류학
iconoclast [aikánəklæst|-kɔ n-] n. 성상 파괴자, 인습(미신) 타파
주의자 1. one who attacks and seeks to overthrow traditional or
popular ideas or institutions 2. one who destroys sacred religious images
iconoclast : attack :: philosopher : cogitate iconoclast : challenge :: gadfly : annoy (CHARACTER)
idealize [aidí(:)əlaiz] v. 이상화하다 / (사람이)이상주의적이다 idealize : esteem :: (이상화하다 : 존경(하다)) :: idealize ↔ view reality, show realistically idealize ↔ blame, condemn, criticize, denounce, mar, worsen, spoil, degrade, dishonor, lower
idiosyncrasy [i diəsi ŋkrəsi] n. 개인 특유의 성질, 경향 1. a structural or behavioral characteristic peculiar to an
individual or a group 2. a physiological or temperamental peculiarity 3. an unusual individual reaction to food or a drug
idiosyncratic [ìdiəsiŋkrǽtik] adj. 특유의 : characteristic peculiarity
idolater [aidɑ lətər / -dɔ l-] n. 우상 숭배자; 심취자 1. one who worships idols 2. one who blindly or excessively admires or adores
another reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe (A << B, DEFECTIVE) esteem : idolize :: favor : bribe (A << B, DEFECTIVE)
idyll [áidəl] n. 전원시, 목가; 전원 풍경/생활 1. a. a short poem or prose piece depicting a rural or
pastoral scene, usually in idealized terms b. anarrative poem treating an epic or romantic theme 2. a scene or an event of a simple and tranquil nature 3. a. a carefree episode or experience b. a romantic interlude
idyll : carefree :: ordeal : difficult ordeal 시련, 고난
idyll ↔ experience fraught with tension idyllic ↔ urbane
ignite [ignáit] v.t. 점화하다; (마음을) 불타오르게 하다 : KINDLE
1. a. to cause to burn b. to set fire to 2. to subject to great heat, especially to make luminous by
heat 3. to arouse the passions of; excite
ignite ↔ douse, extinguish, quench douse 물에 처넣다, 흠뻑 적시다 combustible : ignite :: malleable : shape
ignoble [ignóubl] a. 비열한, 야비한; 열등한, 신분이 천한 1. not noble in quality, character, or purpose; base or mean 2. not of the nobility; common
ignoble ↔ eminent
ignominy [ígnəmìni] n. 불명예, 치욕, 수치스러운 일 1. great personal dishonor or humiliation 2. shameful or disgraceful action, conduct, or character bring ignominy to one’s family 집안망신시키다 (ex. 논문표절하는것) * ignominious [ìgnəmíniəs] a. 불명예스러운, 창피한; 경멸할 만
한 1. marked by shame or disgrace 2. deserving disgrace or shame; despicable 3. degrading; debasing
ignominious ↔ honorable, lofty, eminent, respectable, admirable ignominy ↔ eminence(고귀, 탁월), glory(영예, 명예), esteem(존중, 존경), respect(존경,경의), honor(명예, 명성/존경), honorable conduct
ignorant [ígnərənt] a. 무지한 1. lacking education or knowledge 2. showing or arising from a lack of education or knowledge 3. unaware or uninformed
subtle : ignore :: salient : observe (A = B하기 쉬운) salient 두드러진, 현저한; 튀어나온
erudite ↔ smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered
ignore v. ~을 무시하다, 묵살하다, 승인하지 않다, 기각하다 To refuse to pay attention to; disregard. * 등한시하고 무시, 경시하는 것이지 ‘경멸’하는 것이 아님(중국 10회 3회 15번)
ill-bred [ilbréd] a. 버릇없이 자란; 잡종의 : IMPOLITE : badly brought up; impolite and crude
ill-bred : impolite ::
illiteracy [ilítərəsi] n. 문맹 1. the condition of being unable to read and write 2. an error, as in writing or speech, made by or thought to be
characteristic of one who is illiterate illiteracy : education :: inequity : redistribution inequity 불공정, 불공평 injustice; unfairness
erudition ↔ illiteracy erudition 박식 deep, extensive learning
illuminati [ilùːmənéitai, -náːtiː] n. 예지를 터득한(자칭하는) 사람 : persons who are or who claim to be unusually enlightened
interpreter : translate :: illuminati : instruct
illumination [ilùːmənéiʃən] n. 조명; 계몽; 장식 글자/페이지 frieze : building :: illumination : manuscript frieze 장식용 소벽
stylus : mark :: lamp : illumination :: apron : protect stylus 철필; (음반의) 바늘 a sharp, pointed instrument used for
writing, marking, or engraving therapeutic : hospital :: illuminating : school illuminate : darkness :: educate : ignorance squall : commotion :: flash : illumination (A = brief B) squall 질풍, 돌풍; 북새통 a brief, sudden, violent windstorm, often
accompanied by rain or snow commotion 동요, 흥분; 소란, 야단법석; 동란, 격변
obfuscate ↔ elucidate, illuminate, explain clearly obfuscate 혼란시키다, 애매하게 하다
illicit [ilísit] a. 무면허의, 시인되지 않은 UNLAWFUL
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illicit : permission :: abrupt : warning (sordid : justification은 오답)
illusory [ilúːsəri] a. 착각을 일으키는 : produced by, based on, or having the nature of an illusion;
deceptive maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory maelstrom 큰 소용돌이; 혼란, 격동 a violent or turbulent
situation nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy (EQUAL) illusion : perception :: gaffe : judgment :: cunning : truth gaffe [gæf] 실수, 결례 a clumsy social error; a blatant mistake or
misjudgment
illustrate [íləstrèit, ilʌ streit] v. 예증하다, (도해 등으로) 설명하다 1. a. to clarify, as by use of examples or comparisons b. to clarify by serving as an example or comparison 2. to provide (a publication) with explanatory or decorative
feature 자동사 to present a clarification, an example, or an
explanation heal : ailing :: illustrate : complex illustrate : pictures :: particularize : details particularize 상술하다; 특수화하다 to mention, describe, or treat
individually
imbibe [imbáib] v. 쭉 들이켜다; 흡수하다 1. to drink 2. to absorb or take in as if by drinking 3. to receive and absorb into the mind
thirsty : imbibe :: exhausted : rest
imbroglio [imbróuljou] n. 난국, 복잡한 상황 1. a. a difficult or intricate situation; an entanglement b. a confused or complicated disagreement 2. a confused heap; a tangle
imbroglio ↔ harmony
imbue [imbjú:] v.t. (수분 등을) 스며들게 하다; (감정,의견 등을) 주입시키다, 불어넣다, ~을 더럽히다.
1.To inspire, permeate, or invade: work imbued with the revolutionary spirit. See synonyms at charge.
2.To stain or dye deeply. ∼ the skin with moisture 피부를 축축하게 하다. He ∼d me with the feeling that I had some sort of talent.
그는 내게 어떤 재능이 있다는 자신감을 불어넣어 주었다. imbue ↔ drain, dehydrate imbued ↔ unaffected
imitate [ímiteit] v.t. 본받다, ~을 모방하다 1. to use or follow as a model 2. a. to copy the actions, appearance, mannerisms, or
speech of; mimic b. to copy or use the style of 3. to copy exactly; reproduce 4. to appear like; resemble * imitation [ìmətéiʃən] n. 모방
exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: venerable : reverence paragon, paradigm : imitate :: reverence : regard
immaculate [imǽkjəlit] a. 티 없이 깨끗한; 청순한 : PURE 1. impeccably clean; spotless 2. free from stain or blemish; pure 3. free from fault or error 4. having no markings
squalid ↔ immaculate squalid 지저분한, 누추한; 비참한, 비열한
immanent [ímənənt] a. 내재하는; 주관적인 1. existing or remaining within; inherent 2. restricted entirely to the mind; subjective
immanent ↔ explicit, extrinsic
immaterial [ìmətíəriəl] a. 비물질적인; 중요치 않은/적절치 않은 1. of no importance or relevance; inconsequential or
irrelevant 2. having no material body or form
immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center :: circuitous : directness immaterial : touch :: infinite : exhaust immaterial ↔ corporeal(육체적인, 실체가 있는), consequential(중요한), pertinent, relevant, significant
immature [imət:júər, -t∫úə:r] a. 미완성의, 발전하지 않은 1. not fully grown or developed 2. marked by or suggesting a lack of normal maturity
immature : developed :: incipient : realized incipient 초기의, 처음의, 시작의
immemorial [ìmimɔ ːriəl] a. 먼 옛날의 : extending or existing since beyond the reach of memory,
record, or tradition immemorial ↔ recent
immerse [imə :rs] v.t. 잠그다; 침례를 베풀다; 빠져들게 하다 1. to cover completely in a liquid; submerge 2. to baptize by submerging in water 3. to engage wholly or deeply; absorb
immerse ↔ dehydrate, dry immerse ↔ distract, draw away, withdraw
imminent [ímənənt] a. 일촉즉발의 : about to occur; impending
imminence : forthcoming :: (명 : 형) forthcoming; about to appear or take place; approaching
imminent ↔ distant, far in the future
immune [imjúːn] a. 면역의; 면제된 1. not subject to an obligation imposed on others; exempt 2. not affected by a given influence; unresponsive
fertilize : grow :: immunize : resist soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity soporific 최면의, 졸리게 하는; 최면제 vaccinate 예방 접종을 하다
vaccination : immune :: overexposure : jaded (A한 결과 B 되었다) immune ↔ having no resistance, susceptible immunity ↔ susceptibility suscepibility (병 등에)걸리기 쉬움, 감수성
immure [imjúər] v.t. 감금하다; 제한하다 1. to enclose within or as if within walls; imprison 2. to build into a wall 3. to entomb in a wall
immure ↔ release, liberate
immutable [imjúːtəbəl] a. 변치 않는(불변의), 바꿀 수 없는 : not capable of or susceptible to change immutable laws : 불변의 법칙 참고. mutable 변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운
evanescent : endure :: immutable : change immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated (A하면 B할 수 없는) implacable 앙심 깊은, 달랠 수 없는; 무자비한 impossible to placate
or appease propitiate 달래다, 진정시키다 conciliate; appease transitory : endure :: immutable : change (A이면 B할 수 없는) immutable ↔ variable, vicissitudinous, labile, instable, inconstant vicissitudinous 변화가 심한 (vicissitude 참고)
imp [imp] n. 장난꾸러기, 악동; 꼬마 도깨비 : URCHIN 1. a mischievous child 2. a small demon
mischievous 유해한; 짓궂은, 말썽을 부리는
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insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp
impair [impɛ ər] v.t. 손상시키다 : to cause do diminish, as in strength, value, or quality
impair ↔ invigorate impair ↔ revise (endorse는 오답)
impalpable [impǽlpəb:əl] a. 감지할 수 없는, 인지하기 어려운; 미세한; 이해하기 어려운
1. not perceptible to the touch; intangible 2. difficult to perceive or grasp by the mind
impalpable ↔ clear
impassive [impǽsiv] a. 무감각한, 냉정한; 의식을 잃은, 인사불성
의(unconscious) 1. devoid of or not subject to emotion 2. revealing no emotion; expressionless 3. incapable of physical sensation 4. motionless; still
impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy :: avaricious : satisfy (A이면 B하기 힘든) voracious 걸신들린, 물릴 줄 모르는
callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity (EQUAL) 무감각(냉담)하게하다:무감각(냉담)::속이다:표리부동(속이는것) (동:명) callous : a.굳어진 v.굳어지게 하다, 무감각하게 하다 n. 피부경결 impassive 무감동한, 냉담한; 의식을 잃은, 인사불성의 dupe v. 속이다, 속여서 ...를 시키다 n. 곧잘 속는 사람
impassive ↔ emotional, excitable, fervid, perfervid, overwrought perfervid 열렬한 extremely or extravagantly eager; impassioned or
zealous overwrought 지나치게 흥분한
impeachable [impíːtʃəbəl] adj. 탄핵(고소, 비난)할 만한 1. capable of being impeached: venal, impeachable public
servant 2. being such as to make one liable to impeachment: an
impeachable offense * unimpeachable [ʌ nimpíːtʃəbəl] a. 비난, 의심의 여지가 없
는 1. difficult or impossible to impeach 2. beyond reproach; blameless 3. beyond doubt; unquestionable * impeach v.t. 고발하다
impeachable : blame :: impeachable : denunciation :: invariant : prediction impeachable ↔ blameless, inculpable unimpeachable ↔ open to question
impeccable [impékəbəl] a. 나무랄 데 없는; 죄가 없는 1. having no flaws; perfect 2. incapable of sin or wrongdoing
blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless blemish 더럽히다, 손상하다 to mar or impair by a flaw
impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile ingenuous 솔직한, 숨김없는, 성실한; 순진한, 꾸밈없는
rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse :: impeccability : flaw rectitude 공정, 정직; 똑바름 transgress (범위 등을) 넘다, 벗어나다; 위반하다
impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir indolent 게으른, 나태한 disinclined to exert oneself; habitually lazy
restive : calmness :: impeccable : flaw :: sterile : germ sterile 살균한, 무균의; 불모의, 불임의 germ 미생물, 세균
impeccable : faulted :: (OPPOSITE) impeccable ↔ faulty, blemished, defective, flawed, tarnished
impecunious [ìmpikjúːniəs] a. 무일푼의 : PENNILESS : lacking money; penniless
foolish : discretion :: impecunious : money pelf : impecunious :: experience : green pelf 돈, 부 wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired
impecunious ↔ wealthy, prosperous, affluent, lavish
impede [impíːd] v. 방해하다 : to retard or obstruct the progress of
blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede :: explanation : enlighten cajole 감언으로 꾀다 to urge with gentle and repeated appeals,
teasing, or flattery impede : encumbrance :: divert : distraction abet ↔ thwart, impede impede ↔ facilitate, promote, foment, nurture, assist, cultivate, aid, cheer, expediate, abet
speed ↔ impede, hinder encumber ↔ remove impediment encumber 짐을 지우다; 방해하다, 막다
impel [impél] v. 압박하다; 어붙이다, 고 나가다 1. to urge to action through moral pressure; drive 2. to drive forward; propel
impel ↔ restrain, curb, rein
impending [impéndiŋ] a. 곧 일어날 듯한 : to be about to occur
impending ↔ remote
impenetrate [impénitreit] v. ~에 깊이(완전히) 침투하다 impenetrate : permeable :: (침투하다 : 침투할 수 있는)
impenetrable [impénətrəbəl] a. 뚫을 수 없는, 불가해한, 둔감한 1. impossible to penetrate or enter 2. impossible to understand; incomprehensible 3. impervious to sentiment or argument
pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable :: change : immutable profane 신성을 더럽히는; 세속적인, 야비한 inviolable 불가침의, 신성한 secure from violation or profanation
juggernaut : unstoppable :: enigma : impenetrable juggernaut 거 한 파괴력이 있는 것; 불가항력 enigma 수수께끼; 이해할 수 없는 일
porous ↔ impenetrable
impenitent [impénətənt] a. 뉘우치지 않는; 고집 센 : not feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow
for sins or offenses * penitent 뉘우치는, 회개하는 feeling or expressing remorse
for one's misdeeds or sins penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE) obdurate 고집이 센; 회개하지 않는
impenitent : remorse :: impenitent ↔ rueful, contrite, remorseful rueful [rú:fəl] 안쓰러운, 애처로운; 침울한 contrite; 회개한; 후회의 빛을 보이는 feeling regret and sorrow for
one's sins or offenses; penitent
imperative [impérətiv] a. 피할 수 없는, 명령적인 ; 긴급한 (n. ‘명령’도 됨 =imperativeness ex. social imperatives)
1. expressing a command or plea; peremptory 2. having the power or authority to command or control 3. impossible to deter or evade; pressing 4. urgent (동의어) It is ∼ that you attend the meeting. 그 회의에 꼭 출석해야 한
다. An immediate operation is ∼. 곧 수술하지 않으면 위험하
다. question : interrogative :: order : imperative (A인=B) interrogative [ìntərágətiv] 의문의, 질문을 하는 asking a question or
being of the nature of a question imperative ↔ obedient
imperceptible [ìmpərséptəbəl] a. 지각할 수 없는, 미세한
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1. impossible or difficult to perceive by the mind or senses 2. so subtle, slight, or gradual as to be barely perceptible
imperceptible : detection :: recondite : fathom imperceptible : hidden :: (A에는 B의 성격이 있는) appreciable ↔ imperceptible appreciable 쉽게 판단할 수 있는; 분명한 possible to estimate,
measure, or perceive
imperial [impíəriəl] a. 제국의; 최고 권위의, 거만한 1. of, relating to, or suggestive of an empire or a sovereign,
especially an emperor or empress 2. ruling over extensive territories or over colonies or
dependencies 3. a. having supreme authority; sovereign b. regal; majestic 4. outstanding in size or quality
imperial ↔ obedient
imperious [impíəriəs] a. 오만한 : DOMINEERING 1. arrogantly domineering or overbearing 2. urgent; pressing
fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness :: elaborate : sketchy (OPPOSITE)
imperious : fawn :: swagger : self depreciate (OPPOSITE) swagger 뽐내며 걷다; 허풍을 떨다, 뻐기다
imperious : servile, fawning :: rash : circumspective :: bellicose : peaceable (OPPOSITE)
imperious : diffident :: (OPPOSITE) imperious ↔ humble, obeisant, servile, obsequious, deferential, flattering, subservient, meek obeisance 경례, 인사; 존경, 복종
imperiousness ↔ flattery
impertinent [impə ːrtənənt] a. 뻔뻔스러운, 적절치 않는 1. exceeding the limits of propriety or good manners;
improperly forward or bold 2. not pertinent; irrelevant
impertinent : propriety :: keen : obtuseness (OPPOSITE) perturbed : serenity :: impertinent : propriety impertinence ↔ respect, relevance, obeisance
imperturbable [ìmpərtə ːrbəbəl] a. 차분한, 침착한 : SERENE : marked by extreme calm, impassivity, and steadiness * imperturbability n.
imperturbable : nettle :: intractable : lead :: adamant : move (A하면 B하지 못한다)
restive, ticklish ↔ calm, imperturbable restive 다루기 힘든, 고집 센; 들뜬, 안절부절 못하는
imperturbability ↔ volatility, testiness diffidence 망설임; 삼감, 조심성 testy 화를 잘 내는, 성미가 급한
impervious [impə ːrviəs] a. 불침투성의, 영향을 받지 않는, 견디는 1. incapable of being penetrated 2. incapable of being affected
impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued :: indefensible : excused indomitable 꺾이지 않는, 불굴의 incapable of being overcome,
subdued, or vanquished subdued 정복된, 위압(억제)된 / subdue 정복하다
impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible (불연성의:가연성의) (OPPOSITE)
friable 잘부서지는 readily crumbled ; brittle impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid :: precarious : stable :: irrevocable : repeal :: implacable : appease ineluctable [ìnilʌ ktəbl] 불가피한, 면할 수 없는 not to be avoided or
escaped; inevitable impervious : damaged :: indefensible : excused :: precarious : stable indefensible 변명의 여지가 없는; 막아낼 수 없는 precarious 불안정한(a ∼ livelihood 불안한 생계), 근거가 불충분한
(a ∼ assumption 근거 없는 추측)
impervious : damage :: unassailable : refute unassailable 논쟁의 여지가 없는, 확고한 impervious ↔ easy to penetrate impervious of light ↔ translucent
impetuous [impétʃuəs] a. 충동적인, 성급한; 격렬한, 열렬한 =headlong(저돌적인) 1. characterized by sudden and forceful energy or emotion;
impulsive and passionate 2. having or marked by violent force 예) an ∼ temperament 과격한 성미. regret one's ∼ decision
성급한 결정을 후회하다. impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness bumptious 거만한, 오만한 crudely or loudly assertive
parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance :: irrepressible : servility (감당,억누르기어려운 : 비굴, 맹종, 주체성 결여) profligate 방탕한, 부도덕한; 낭비하는
restive : calmness :: impetuous : patience restive 다루기 힘든, 고집 센; 들뜬, 안절부절 못하는
impetuosity ↔ hesitance, vacillation impetuous ↔ prudent, deliberate (a. 계획적인, 심사숙고한, 침착/착실한, v.숙고하다)
impious [ímpiəs] a. 불경스러운; 무례한 1. lacking reverence; not pious 2. lacking due respect or dutifulness impiety [impáiəti] n. 불경 : IRREVERENCE
impiety ↔ devoutness devout 경건한, 독실한; 성실한
implacable [implǽkəbəl, -pléik-] a. 달래기 힘든; 무자비한 : not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or
mitigated immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated :: inalienable : surrendered propitiate 달래다, 진정시키다; 비위를 맞추다 to conciliate (an
offended power); appease inalienable 양도할 수 없는, 빼앗을 수 없는
implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle implacable : appease :: indomitable : subdue : impervious : penetrate
implausible [implɔ :zəbl] a. 믿기 어려운, 미심쩍은 : difficult to believe; not plausible
implausible ↔ believable
implement [ímpləmənt] v. 이행하다, 도구/수단을 제공하다 : to give practical effect to and ensure of actual fulfillment by
concrete measures implement ↔ foil foil 실패시키다, 좌절시키다
implicate [ímpləkèit] v.t. 말려들게 하다; 함축하다 : ENTWINE 1. to involve or connect intimately or incriminatingly 2. to have as a consequence or an inference; imply
implicated ↔ palpable
implicit [implísit] a. 무언의, 함축된(↔ explicit), 무조건의 1. implied or understood though not directly expresed 2. contained in the nature of something though not readily
apparent 3. having no doubts or reservations; unquestioning
implicit ↔ overt, manifest
implode [implóud] v. 내파하다 : to collapse inward violently as if from external pressure
collapse : implode :: divide : sunder :: steep : immerse (A << B) sunder 분리하다, 절단하다 to break or wrench apart steep a. 가파른, 험준한; 터무니없는, 엄청난 v. (액체에) 담그다; 몰
두하다
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implosion ↔ rapid outward movement
imply [implɑ i] v. 함축하다, 암시하다; 의미하다 1. to involve by logical necessity; entail 2. to express or indicate indirectly
imply ↔ affirm, assert, declare, express, state
impolitic [impɑ litik|-pɔ l-] a. 지각 없는, 무분별한 impolitic ↔ shrewdly tactful
importune [ìmpərtjúːn, impɔ ːrtʃən] v. 성가시게 졸라 다 1. to beset with insistent or repeated requests; entreat
pressingly 2. to annoy; vex
accost : approach :: importune : quest (A >> B)
imposing [impóuziŋ] a. 인상적인, 으리으리한 : impressive, as by virtue of size, bearing, or power
imposing ↔ modest
impostor [impɑ stər / -pɔ s-] n. 사기꾼 : one who engages in deception under an assumed name or
identity 이름, 신분을 사칭하는 사람 The dentist was an impostor. impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization usurp (지위, 권력 등을) 강탈하다; 불법으로 사용하다
virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned mediocre 보통의, 평범한, 2류의
impotent [ímpətənt] a. 무력한; 무기력한 1. lacking physical strength or vigor; weak 2. lacking in power, as to act effectively; helpless
clout ↔ impotence clout 주먹으로 치기; 영향력
imprecise [ìmprisɑ is] a. 부정확한, 모호한 : not precise
nice ↔ imprecise
impregnable [imprégnəbəl] a. 난공불락의, (신념, 이론 등이) 흔들리지 않는 1. impossible to capture or enter by force 2. difficult or impossible to attack, challenge, or refute with
success impregnable ↔ unjustifiable
impresario [ìmprisɑ :riou] n. (오페라, 발레 등의) 흥행주, 주최자; 감독, 지휘자
1. one who sponsors or produces entertainment, especially the director of an opera company
2. a manager; a producer impresario : entertainment :: broker : trade
impressionable [impréʃənəbəl] a. 영향 받기 쉬운, 예민한 1. readily or easily influenced; suggestible 2. capable of receiving an impression; plastic
impressionable : influence ::
improbity [impróubəti, 미+ -prɑ b-] n. 사악, 성실하지 않음 : lack of probity; dishonesty
improbity ↔ honesty
impromptu [imprɑ mptjuː / -prɔ m-] a. 즉석의, 임시변통의 : IMPROVISED, adv. 즉흥적으로, n. 즉흥곡
명사 1. something, such as a speech, that is made or done
extemporaneously 2. Music. a short lyrical composition especially for the
piano 형용사 1. prompted by the occasion rather than being planned in
advance 2. spoken, performed, done, or composed with little or no
preparation; extemporaneous ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent impromptu : rehearsal :: unheralded : announcement :: honesty : duplicity (OPPOSITE)
impromptu : rehearsal :: caprice : deliberation :: honesty : duplicity impromptu ↔ carefully rehearsed, planned
imprudent [imprúːdənt] a. 경솔한, 경박한, 무모한, 신중하지 못한 : unwise or indiscreet; not prudent
imprudent ↔ circumspect circumspect 신중한, 조심성이 많은, 깊이 생각하는, 용의주도한 judicious ↔ imprudent judicious 판단력 있는, 영리한 having or exhibiting sound judgment;
prudent
improvident [imprɑ vədənt / -prɔ v-] a. 선견지명이 없는; 절약하지 않는, 하루하루 살아가는
1. not foreseeing and providing for the future; thriftless 2. rash; incautious
improvident ↔ prudent
improvise [ímprəvàiz] v.t. 즉석에서 하다; 임시변통으로 만들다 1. to invent, compose, or recite without preparation 2. to make or provide from available materials
score : improvise :: text : extemporize
improvised [ímprəvàizd] a. 즉흥적인 rite ↔ improvised act rite 의식, 전례; 관습, 관례 improvisational a. 즉흥으로 하는, 즉흥(시, 연주, 그림)의
=impromptu, extemporaneous
impudent [ímpjədənt] a. 뻔뻔스러운, 건방진 : INSOLENT characterized by offensive boldness; insolent or impertinent impudent : brazen :: deadpan : impassive brazen (a, v) 뻔뻔스러운 Marked by flagrant and insolent audacity (shameless) deadpan 무표정한; 진지한 체하는 impassive 냉담한, 감정을 나타내지 않는; 의식을 잃은, 인사불성의
impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness (EQUAL, 형 : 명) recalcitrant 반항하는, 다루기 힘든
impudent ↔ deferential, respectful, obeisant, reverent, deferent, judicious, courteous deference 복종; 경의, 존경 obeisance 경례, 인사; 존경(deference), 복종
impugn [ìmpjúːn] v. 비난, 논박하다 : to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument
extol ↔ condemn, impugn, detract impugn ↔ approve, support, champion, endorse, vindicate, extol, uphold, compliment, laud champion 옹호하다, 지지하다 to fight for, defend, or support as a
champion vindicate 비난을 풀다; 옳음을 밝히다, 정당화하다
impuissance [impjúːisns] n. 무기력 : POWERLESSNESS : lack of power or effectiveness; weakness
clout ↔ impuissance clout 영향력
impulsive [impʌ lsiv] a. 충동적인 1. inclined to act on impulse rather than thought 2. motivated by or resulting from impulse 3. having force or power to impel or incite; forceful
impunity [impjúːnəti] n. 형벌을 면함 : exemption from punishment, penalty, or harm
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impute [impjúːt] a. 전가하다, 돌리다 1. to charge with the fault or responsibility for 2. to attribute; credit
inadvertent [ìnədvə ːrtənt] a. 부주의한; 무심코 한 : INATTENTIVE
1. not duly attentive 2. marked by unintentional lack of care
inadvertent ↔ intentional advertent ↔ inattentive inadvertence ↔ careful attention
inalienable [inéiljənəbəl] a. 양도할 수 없는 : that cannot be transferred to another or others
inalienable : transfer :: ungovernable : manage inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated :: immitigable : alleviated implacable (미움 등을) 달랠 수 없는; 무자비한 impossible to
placate or appease propitiate 달래다, 진정시키다; 비위를 맞추다; 화해시키다
inalienable ↔ separable, transferable
inane [inéin] a. 공허한, 어리석은, 무의미한(의미 없는, 안 중요한) : lacking sense or substance; empty; meaningless
inane : sagacity :: inane ↔ substantial, expressive, meaningful, pregnant, significant, weighty, substantiated, intelligent pregnant 의미심장한, 시사적인, 중 한 결과를 지니고 있는(a
phrase pregnant with meaning 함축성 있는 구절), 충만한, 비옥한, 다
산의 expressive 나타내는, 표현하는; 의미심장한; 중요한 full of
expression; significant weighty 무거운; 중요한; 영향력 있는
inane ↔ sagacious
inanimate [inǽnəmit] a. 생명이 없는, 무생물의, 죽은 1. not having the qualities associated with active, living
organism; not animate 2. not animated or energetic; dull
ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living (OPPOSITE) inanimate : consciousness :: anemic : strength
inappreciable [ìnəprí:∫iəb:əl] a. 느낄 수 없을 만큼의, 미미한 : too small to be noticed or make a significant difference;
negligible inappreciable ↔ ponderable
inapt [inǽpt] a. 부적당한; 서투른 inappropriate; inept inapt : clumsy ::
inaugurate [inɔ ːgjərèit] v. 취임식을 하여 취임시키다, 개시/시작하다 1. to induct into office by a formal ceremony 2. to cause to begin, especially officially or formally 3. to open or begin use of formally with a ceremony
inaugurate : official :: inaugurate : president :: install : official :: crown : king install 설치하다; 임명하다, 취임시키다 to induct into an office, a
rank, or a position inauguration : official :: matriculation : student matriculate ( 학에) 입학을 허가하다
cease ↔ inaugurate, commencement
inauspicious [ìno:spí∫əs] a. 불길한, 상서롭지 않은; 불운한 : not favorable; not auspicious
inauspicious ↔ favorable, propitious
incandescent [ìnkəndésənt] a. 눈부시게 빛나는; 열정적인 1. emitting visible light as a result of being heated 2. shining brilliantly; very bright
3. characterized by ardent emotion, intensity, or brilliance incandescent ↔ dull
incantation [ìnkæntéiʃən] 주문; 마법, 마술; 상투어 1. ritual recitation of verbal charms or spells to produce a
magic effect 2. a. a formula used in ritual recitation; a verbal charm or
spell b. a conventionalized utterance repeated without thought or aptness; a formula
incantation : utterance :: talisman : object (A is a kind of B+마술(magic)적인 뉘앙스) talisman 부적 An object marked with magic signs and believed to
confer on its bearer supernatural powers or protection.
incapacity [ìnkəpǽsəti] n. 무력, 무능; 무자격, 실격 1. inadequate strength or ability; lack of capacity 2. a defect or handicap; a disability
incarcerate [inkɑ ːrsərèit] v. 투옥/감금하다 1. to put into jail 2. to shut in; confirm
incarcerate ↔ liberate, enfranchise
incarnate [inkɑ ːrneit] a. 화신의, (관념, 성질 등을) 구체화한 1. invested with bodily nature and form 2. embodied in human form; personified
incorporeal ↔ incarnate incorporeal 무형의, 비물질적인, 영적인 lacking material form or
substance
incendiary [inséndièri] a. 방화의; 선동적인, 자극적인 : tending to excite or inflame; inflammatory 1. a. causing or capable of causing fire b. of or containing
chemicals that produce intensely hot fire when exploded c. of or involving arson(방화(죄))
2. tending to inflame; inflammatory insurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate insurgent 반란을 일으키는, 반란자
incendiary ↔ calming, moderating
incense [ínsens] v.t. 몹시 화나게 하다 : to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of; infuriate
incense : anger :: propitiate ↔ incense
incentive [inséntiv] n. 자극, 동기 something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation
of reward, that induces action or motivates effort incentive ↔ deterrent
inception [insépʃən] n. 시초 : COMMENCEMENT : the beginning of something, such as an undertaking; a
commencement inception : undertaking :: inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation matriculate ( 학에) 입학을 허가하다
inception ↔ end, conclusion, finale, termination
incessant [insés:ənt] a. 끊임없는 : UNCEASING : continuing without interruption
incessant ↔ interrupted
inch [intʃ] vi. 서서히/조금씩 움직이다 : to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees
inch : move :: drawl : speak : nibble : eat drawl 점잔빼며 천천히 이야기하다 to speak with lengthened or
drawn-out vowels accrete : growth :: inch : advance accrete 함께 커지다, 일체가 되다 to make larger or greater, as by
increased growth
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inchoate [inkóuit / ínkouèit] a. 초기의, 불완전한: FORMLESS 1. in an initial or early stage 2. imperfectly formed or developed
immature : developed :: incipient, inchoate : realized (OPPOSITE) incipient 초기의, 발단의 beginning to exist or appear
inchoate : organize :: volatile : stabilize inchoate ↔ fully formed, organized, explicit, enduring, fully realized, organized
incinerate [insínərèit] v.t. 소각하다 : to cause to burn to ashes
singe : incineration :: erode : destruction singe 겉을 태우다, 그슬리다
incipient [insípiənt] a. 시작의, 초기의 : beginning to come into being or to become apparent
immature : developed :: incipient, inchoate : realized incipient : realized :: indefinite : tangible (OPPOSITE) incipient : realized :: hypothetic : proved :: irregular : classified incipient : commencement :: (형 : 명) incipient ↔ full-blown, full-realized, plentiful, full-fledged
incisive [insáisiv] a. 날카로운, 예리한; 신랄한 : penetrating, clear, and sharp, as in operation or
expression
incite [insáit] v. 자극하다, 분노를 일으키다 : to provoke and urge on
instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat browbeat 위협하다 to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing
manner or domineering speech exhortation : motivate :: persiflage : incite exhortation 권고, 설교; 충고의 말 persiflage 농담, 희롱; 경박함, 불성실
incite ↔ pacify incitant ↔ insensible
inclement [inklémənt] a. 가혹한; 혹독한 1. stormy 2. showing no clemency; unmerciful
draconian : inclemency :: fret : vexation (EQUAL) fret 안달 나다, 초조해 하다, 애타다
inclement ↔ balmy, mild balmy 향기로운; 온화한, 부드러운
incogitant [inkɑ dʒətənt / -kɔ dʒ-] a. 분별없는 : thoughtless, inconsiderate
incogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calm (OPPOSITE) restive 다루기 힘든, 고집 센; 들뜬, 안절부절 못하는
incompetent [inkɑ mpitənt|-kɔ m-] a. 무능한, 서투른 1. not qualified in legal terms 2. inadequate for or unsuited to a particular purpose or
application 3. devoid of those qualities requisite for effective conduct
or action
incomprehensible [ink mprihénsəbl] adj. 이해할 수 없는, 불가해한 incomprehensible ↔ intelligible
inconclusive [inkənklú:siv] a. 결정적이 아닌, 설득적이 아닌 inconclusive ↔ decisive
incongruent [inkɑ ŋgruːənt, ìnkəngrúː- / -kɔ ŋ-] a. 일치하지 않는, 부적당한
: not congruent; incongruous incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey (OPPOSITE) recalcitrant 다루기 어려운, 반항하는
incongruent : conform :: scattering : overlap (OPPOSITE) incongruent ↔ corresponding incongruence, disagreement, disaccord, conflict ↔ correspond
inconsequential [inkɑ nsikwénʃəl / -kɔ n-] a. 중요치 않은; 조리가 서지 않는, 엉뚱한
1. lacking importance 2. not following from premises or evidence; illogical
inconsequential : illogical :: apocalyptic : prophetic (EQUAL) crucial ↔ inconsequential crucial 결정적인, 중 한
inconsonant [inkɑ nsənənt / -kɔ n-] a. 일치하지 않는 : lacking harmony, agreement, or compatibility; discordant
inconsonance : concord :: scatter : overlap inconsonant ↔ in agreement
incontestable [ìnkəntéstəbl] a. (사실, 증거 등이) 논의의 여지 없는, 명백한; indisputable
incontestable ↔ uncertain, questionable, unreliable, dubious (unfair은 오답)
incontrovertible [inkɑ ntrəvə ːrtəbəl, inkɑ n- / ìnkɔn-] a. 논쟁의 여지없는, 명백한
: impossible to dispute; unquestionable incontrovertible : disputed :: untenable : defended untenable 지지할 수 없는, 변호 받을 수 없는
incontrovertible : disputed :: matchless : equaled incontrovertible : refute :: optimal : improve (A하면 B하기 힘든) (negligible : perceive는 오답)
incontrovertible, irrefutable ↔ deniable, disputed, questionable, dubious controvert ↔ substantiate controvert 반박하다, 부정하다 to raise arguments against; voice
opposition to substantiate 확증하다; 구체화하다, 실현시키다 to support with proof
or evidence; verify
incorporeal [ìnko:rpó:riəl] a. 실체 없는; 영적인 : lacking material form or substance
incorporeal ↔ incarnate incorporeal : substance :: (A이면 B가 없는)
incorrigible [inkɔ ːridʒəbəl] a. 고칠 수 없는, 뿌리 깊은 : UNALTERABLE, INVETERATE
1. incapable of being corrected or reformed 2. firmly rooted; ineradicable 3. difficult or impossible to control or manage
incorrigible : reformed :: inscrutable : understood :: adamant : moved inscrutable 알아볼 수 없는; 불가사의한; 심오한 difficult to fathom or
understand; impenetrable incorrigible : amend :: ineradicable, irradicable : remove :: ineluctable : avoid :: intractable : lead (A이면 B하기 힘든)
tractable, manageable ↔ incorrigible tractable 다루기 쉬운; 유순한, 온순한
incriminate [inkrímənèit] v.t. 죄를 씌우다 1. to accuse of a crime or other wrongful act 2. to cause to appear guilty of a crime or fault; implicate
incrimination ↔ exoneration exonerate to free from blame; to free from a responsibility, obligation,
or task
incubator [ínkjəbèitər] n. 부화기, 세균 배양기 * incubation n. 포란, 배양, (전염병 등의) 잠복(=incubation
period) incubator : infant :: greenhouse : plant
inculcate [inkʌ lkeit, --- ] v.t. 되풀이하여 심어주다 1. to impress (something) upon the mind of another by
frequent instruction or repetition; instill
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2. to teach (others) by frequent instruction or repetition hammering : inculcate :: hammer 망치로 계속 두들기다; 망치로 두들겨 모양을 만들다; 망
치와 못으로 결합시키다; 명심시키다, 주입하다 to force upon by constant repetition
inculpate [inkʌ lpeit, - -- ] v.t. 죄를 씌우다 : to incriminate
absolve, exculpate, exonerate ↔ inculpate exculpate to clear of guilt or blame
incursion [inkə ːrʒən, -ʃən] n. 침입, 침략; 급습; 침해, 침식 : RAID
1. an aggressive entrance into foreign territory; a raid or an invasion
2. the act of entering another's territory or domain 3. the act of entering or running into
incursion ↔ retreat
indecorous [indékərəs, ìndikɔ ːrəs] a. 버릇없는; 거친, 꼴사나운 : lacking propriety or good taste
indecorous ↔ proper
indefatigable [ìndifǽtigəbəl] a. 끈기 있는, 지칠 줄 모르는 : UNTIRING
: incapable or seemingly incapable of being fatigued; tireless
indefatigable : tired :: incorrigible : reformed (impractical : practiced는 오답)
indefatigable ↔ soon tired, tired, lethargic, lazy, fragile, worn out
indefensible [ìndifénsəbl] a. 변명의 여지가 없는; 막아낼 수 없는 1. inexcusable; unpardonable 2. invalid; untenable 3. vulnerable to physical attack
impervious : damaged :: indefensible : excused (A = B할 수 없는)
indelible [indéləbəl] a. 지울 수 없는 : UNFORGETTABLE, MEMORABLE
1. impossible to remove, erase, or wash away; permanent 2. making a mark not easily erased or washed away
indelible : forget :: astounding : expect indelibility : erasure :: impermeability : passage indelible ↔ erasable
indelicate [indélikit] a. 적절하지 않은; 거친, 상스러운; 아랑곳
하지 않는 1. offensive to established standards or propriety; improper 2. marked by a lack of good taste; coarse 3. lacking in consideration for the feelings of others
indemnity [indémnəti] n. 보호, 보장; 배상, 보상 1. security against damage, loss, or injury 2. a legal exemption from liability for damages 3. compensation for damage, loss, or injury suffered
mollification : soothe :: indemnity : secure
independent [ìndipéndənt] a. 독립의; 자존심 강한, 자유로운, 독자적인
1. not governed by a foreign power; self-governing 2. free from the influence, guidance, or control of another
or others; self-reliant 3. not determined or influenced by someone or something
else; not contingent 4. affiliated with or loyal to no one political party or
organization 무소속의 5. not dependent on or affiliated with a larger or controlling
group or system 6. a. not relying on others for support, care, or unds; self-
supporting b. providing or being sufficient income to
enable one to live without working independent ↔ inclined
indict [indáit] v.t. 비난하다, 공격하다; 기소하다 : to accuse of wrongdoing; charge
indict : accuse :: sanction : approve (A=B) (extol : countenance는 오답) sanction n. v. 인정하다, 용인하다 absolve ↔ indict
indifferent [indífərənt] a. 냉담한, 무관심한 : APATHETIC embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference fervor, zealot, avid, enraptured ↔ indifferent enrapture 황홀하게 하다, 크게 기뻐하다 to fill with rapture or delight
indigenous [indídʒənəs] a. 고유한, 토착의; 타고난 1. originating and growing or living in an area or
environment 2. intrinsic; innate
nonnative, exotic, foreign, acquired ↔ indigenous
indigent [índidʒənt] a. 궁핍한, 부족한 : experiencing want or need; impoverished * indigence n.
indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability (OPPOSITE) employ : indigence :: submerge : buoyancy indigent ↔ affluent, wealthy indigence ↔ wealth
indigestible [ìndidʒéstəbəl, -dai-] a. 소화하기 힘든; 이해하기 어려운 : difficult or impossible to digest
indignant [indígnənt] adj. 화 잘내는 : irate, outraged, enraged, irritable, irascible, peevish, petulant, cranky, cross
indignant ↔ happy
indiscriminate [ìndiskrímənit] a. 무차별적인, 무계획의; 난잡한, 뒤섞인
1. a. not making or based on careful distinctions; unselective b. widespread; wholesale
2. random; haphazard 3. confused; chaotic 4. unrestrained or wanton; profligate
wanton 터무니없는; 변덕스러운, 제멋 로의; 음탕한, 외설적인
indispensability [ìndispènsəbíləti] n. 꼭 필요함 : ESSENTIAL indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability indigent a. 궁핍한, 부족한 experiencing want or need; impoverished
indispensable [ìndispénsəb:əl] a. 1. not to be dispensed with; essential 2. obligatory; unavoidable
indispensable ↔ trivial
indivisible [ìndivízəb:əl] a. 불가분의; 나뉘지 않는 1. incapable of undergoing division 2. Math. incapable of being divided without a remainder
indivisible ↔ easily fragmented, fracturable
indoctrinate [indɑ ktrənèit / -dɔ ktr-] v. (학설, 사상 등을) 가르치
다 : TEACH 1. a. to instruct in a body of doctrine or principles b. to
initiate by means of doctrinal instruction 2. to imbue with a partisan or ideological point of view
stickler : exacting :: pedagogue : indoctrinating (DEFECTIVE) stickle (사소한 일로) 트집 잡다; 이의를 제기하다 exacting 엄격한; 힘겨운, 혹독한 pedagogue 교육자, 선생; 학자인 체하는 사람
indolent [índələnt] a. 게으른, 나태한
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1. a. disinclined to exert oneself; habitually lazy b. conducive to inactivity or laziness; lethargic
2. a. causing little or no pain b. slow to heal, grow, or develop; inactive
rectitude : transgress :: impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir impeccable 죄를 범하지 않은, 죄가 없는; 나무랄 데 없는 stir 휘젓기, 뒤섞기; 동요, 흥분
indolent : shirk :: miserly : hoard shirk (일, 책임 등을) 회피하다 to avoid or neglect (a duty or
responsibility) indolent ↔ industrious
indubitable [indjúːbətəbəl] a. 의심할 여지가 없는 : too apparent to be doubted; unquestionable
indubitable : questioned :: resolute : sway (OPPOSITE) indubitable ↔ doubtful
inducement [indjúːsmənt] n. 유인, 유도 1. something that helps bring about an action or a desired
result; an incentive 2. the act or process of inducing 3. (law) an introductory or background statement
explaining the main allegations in a proceeding inducement ↔ deterrence deter 단념시키다; 방해하다 to prevent or discourage from acting, as
by means of fear or doubt
induct [indʌ kt] v. 취임시키다 1. to place ceremoniously or formally in an office or a
position; install 2. a. to admit as a member; receive b. to admit to military service c. to introduce, as to new
experience or knowledge; initiate induct ↔ discharge
indulge [indʌ ldʒ] v. 비위를 맞추다, 실컷 즐기다 : GRATIFY, HUMOR
1. to yield to the desires and whims of, especially to an excessive degree; humor
2. a. to yield to; gratify b. to allow (oneself) unrestrained gratification
gratify 만족시키다, 기쁘게 하다 humor 만족시키다; 비위를 맞추다
embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle (A << B) mortify 굴욕감을 주다, 분하게 하다
lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge (A하면 B하기 어렵다) lassitude 나른함; 무관심 a state or feeling of weariness, diminished
energy, or listlessness abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate indulge : ascetic :: restrain : libertine
indulgent [indʌ ldʒənt] a. 관 한 : LENIENT : showing, characterized by, or given to indulgence; lenient
abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate (OPPOSITE) indulgent : adherent :: slovenly : dapper (OPPOSITE) slovenly (옷차림이) 단정치 못한; (일 등이) 날림의 dapper 깔끔한, 산뜻한; 민첩한
glutton : overindulgence :: ascetic : self-denial Spartan ↔ Sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious voluptuous 사치스러운; 호색인, 음탕한; 요염한
draconian ↔ indulgent, mild draconian exceedingly harsh; very severe
martinet ↔ indulgent person martinet 엄격한 사람, 규율에 엄한 군인
indulgent ↔ ascetic
indurate [índjurèit] v.t. 단단하게 하다 1. to make hard; harden 2. to inure, as to hardship or ridicule 3. to make callous or obdurate
indurate ↔ soften
industrious a. 부지런한, 근면한 : assiduous in work or study; diligent
industriousness : activity :: fastidiousness : selectivity
inebriant [iníːbriənt] a. 취하게 하는 : serving to intoxicate
inedible [inédəbəl] a. 먹을 수 없는 : unfit to be eaten; not edible
edible : eat :: portable : drink :: admissible : allow inedible : food ::
ineffable [inéfəbəl] a. 형언할 수 없는 1. incapable of being expressed in words; indescribable or
unutterable 2. not to be uttered; taboo
ineffable : description :: ineradicable, irradicable : obliteration :: incorrigible : amend :: indefeasible : annul
ineffable : inexpressive :: ineffable : express, depict :: ineradicable : remove irradicable; impossible to uproot or destroy; ineradicable indefeasible 파기할 수 없는, 취소할 수 없는
ineluctable [ìnilʌ ktəbəl] a. 불가피한 : INEVITABLE : not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable
ineluctable : avoid :: impervious : penetrate :: irrevocable : repeal :: insufferable : tolerate :: incorrigible : amend : intractable : govern
ineluctable, inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend untenable (논의 등이) 지지할 수 없는; 살기에 부적합한
serendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance serendipity 우연히 찾아내는 능력 the faculty of making fortunate
discoveries by accident ineluctable ↔ avoided, escaped
inept [inépt] a. 부적절한; 어리석은; 서투른, 무능한 1. not apt or fitting; inappropriate 2. a. displaying a lack of judgment, sense, or reason; foolish b.
bungling or clumsy competence, adroitness : inept :: difficult : simplicity (OPPOSITE) inept ↔ deft, adroit, skilled, proficient, masterful, judicious, adept proficient 숙달된, 능숙한 having or marked by an advanced degree of
competence judicious 영리한, 신중한
finesse ↔ ineptitude ineptness ↔ adroitness
ineptitude [inéptətjùːd] n.부적당, 어리석음: INCOMPETENCE finesse ↔ ineptitude finesse 솜씨, 기교; 술책, 흉계
inequity [inékwəti] n. 불공평, 불공정(unfairness) 1. injustice; unfairness 2. an instance of injustice or unfairness
inequity : fair :: (A에는 B 속성이 없다) inequity ↔ disinterestedness, rectitude rectitude 정직(righteousness, integrity), 옳음 disinterested 공평한; 무관심한
inerrancy n. 잘못/틀림 없음 : freedom from error or untruths; infallibility
inerrancy ↔ fallibility
inert [inə ːrt] a. 비활성의 1. unable to move or act 2. sluggish in action or motion; lethargic
ephemeral : endure :: inert : react (LACK) reactant ↔ inert material reactant 반응물
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inert ↔ active, actively moving, dynamic, fast moving, move quickly
inertia [inə :r∫:iə] n. 관성; 게으름 1. (physics) the tendency of a body to resist acceleration;
the tendency of a body at rest to remain at rest or of a body in motion to stay in motion in a straight line unless acted on by an outside force
2. resistance or disinclination to motion, action, or change persistence : vacillate :: inertia : react inertia ↔ activity, tendency to change motion
inestimable [inéstəməbəl] a. 헤아릴 수 없는; 평가할 수 없을 만큼 귀중한(invaluable)
too valuable or excellent to be measured or appreciated
inevitable [inévitəbəl] a. 피할 수 없는; 반드시 일어나는 1. impossible to avoid or prevent 2. invariably occurring or appearing; predictable
ineluctable, inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend :: impervious : penetrate ineluctable not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable
inevitable : chance :: absolute : variability (OPPOSITE) inevitable : prevent ::
inexorable [inéksərəbəl] a. 냉혹한, 가차 없는, 불변의, 움직이지 않는 : not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty; relentless
inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest (A한테는 B하기 힘든)
inexorable ↔ relenting, pliant, yielding, acquiescing, flexible relent 마음이 풀리다, 동정적이 되다 to become more lenient,
compassionate, or forgiving inexorable ↔ flexible
infamy [ínfəmi] n. 불명예 1. evil fame or reputation 2. the condition of being infamous 3. an evil or criminal act that is publicly known
infamy ↔ good repute
infatuate [infǽtʃuèit] v.t. 얼빠지게 하다, 열중하게 하다 1. to inspire with unreasoning love or attachment 2. to cause to behave foolishly
sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation (형 : 명) sabbatical 안식일의; 휴식의
odium ↔ infatuation odium 증오, 미움; 악평, 오명 odious arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense
displeasure
infelicitous [ìnfəlísitəs] a. 적절치 않은; 불행한 1. inappropriate; ill-chosen 2. not happy; unfortunate
happy ↔ infelicitous
infelicity [ìnfilísəti] n. 불행, 불운 1. the quality or condition of being infelicitous 2. something inappropriate or unpleasing
infelicity ↔ appropriateness
infer [infə ːr] v.t. 추론하다 : GUESS, SURMISE 1. to conclude from evidence or premises 2. to reason from circumstance; surmise 3. to lead to as a consequence or conclusion 4. to hint; imply
tacit : infer :: encoded : decode, decipher tacit 무언의; 암묵의, 넌지시 내비치는
intimate : communicate :: allude : infer intimate 간접적으로 알리다; 통고/공표하다
inferno [infə ːrnou] n. 지옥 같은 곳; 초열지옥 1. a place or condition suggestive of hell, especially with
respect to human suffering or death 2. a place of fiery heat or destruction
fire : inferno :: storm : hurricane (A << B)
infiltrate [infíltreit, --- ] v. 스며들다, 침입/침투하다 1. a. to pass (troop, for example) surreptitiously into enemy-
held territory b. to penetrate with hostile intent 2. to enter or take up positions in gradually or urreptitiously,
as for purposes of espionage or takeover 3. to cause (a liquid, for example) to permeate a substance
by passing through its interstices or pores 4. to permeate (a porous substance) with a liquid or gas
infiltrate : enter :: conspire : plan :: insinuate : say :: stalk : follow :: plot : plan :: purloin : take insinuate 넌지시 말하다, 빗 다; 교묘히 주입시키다
infinite [ínfənit] a. 끝없는, 무한한 : INEXHAUSTIBLE 1. having no boundaries or limits 2. immeasurably great or large; boundless
infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap unique : precedent :: infinite : end infinite : large :: interminable : long, lengthy (A>>B) interminable; tiresomely long, endless infinity ↔ bounded space
infinitesimal [ìnfinitésəməl] a. 미소한, 극미의, 무한소의, 극소한, 극미량의
infinitesimal : small :: momentous : important (KIND+DEGREE)
infirm [infə ːrm] a. 연약한, 허약한; 의지박약인 1. weak in body, especially from old age or disease; feeble 2. lacking firmness of will, character, or purpose; irresolute 3. not strong or stable; shaky * infirmity 병, 질환, 병약, 허약
infirmity : treatment :: conservatory : instruction (A는 B의 대상) (observatory : discovery는 오답)
infirm ↔ hale, vigorous, stalwart, robust
infirmary [inf ə :rməri] n. 병원, 진료소, 양호실, 시약소 infirmary : treatment :: conservatory : instruction
inflame [infléim] v. 불태우다, 부채질하다 1. to arouse to passionate feeling or action 2. to make more violent; intensify 3. a. to cause (the skin) to redden or grow hot, as from
strong emotion or stimulants b. to turn red or make glow 4. to produce inflammation in (a tissue or an organ) 5. to set on fire; kindle
inflame ↔ assuage, subdue subdue 정복하다, 복종시키다; 억누르다, 자제하다
inflate [infléit] v. 부풀리다, 확장하다; 과장하다(↔ deflate) 1. to fill (something) with air or gas so as to make it swell 2. a. to enlarge or amplify unduly or improperly; aggrandize b.
to raise or expand abnormally or improperly 3. to cause (a currency or an economy) to undergo inflation
inflate : volume :: proliferate : number (A는 B를 늘리다) inflate ↔ minimize
influx [ínflʌ ks] n. 유입; 쇄도, 도래 1. a flowing in 2. a mass arrival or incoming
exodus ↔ influx
informed a. 견문이 넓은, 지식 있는, 교양있는, 박식한, 세련된
infraction [infrǽk∫ən] n. (법률, 권리, 의무 등의) 위반, 침해, 침범
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infraction ↔ obedience, observance
infuriate [infjúərièit] v. 격노케 하다 : to make furious; enrage
infuriate : rage :: commend : esteem commend 추천하다; 칭찬하다
infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity nonplus 난처하게 만들다, 당황하게 하다 to put at a loss as to what
to think, say, or do; bewilder perplexity 당혹, 곤혹
infuriate ↔ soothe, please
infuse [infjúːz] v. 주입하다, 불어넣다 : INSPIRE, ANIMATE 1. to put into or introduce as if by pouring 2. to fill or cause to be filled with something
inspire : infuse :: obliterate : remove (EQUAL, obliterate와 remove는 상황에 따라서 degree관계)
infuse ↔ drain away/out, refuse, extract, draw out
ingenious [indʒíːnjəs] a. 독창적인; 영리한 1. marked by inventive skill and imagination 2. having or arising from an inventive or cunning mind;
clever * ingenuity n. 창의력, 연구심, 교묘함
ingenious ↔ awkward, prosaic, lack of inventiveness prosaic 흥미 없는; 평범한, 상상력이 없는; 산문체의
ingenuity ↔ prosaism
ingenuous [indʒénjuːəs] a. 순진한, 꾸밈없는; 솔직한 : ARTLESS
1. lacking in sophistication or worldliness; artless 2. openly straightforward or frank; candid
ingenuous : guile :: impeccable : flaw :: delicate : offense (LACK) ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub dissemble 속이다, 숨기다 to disguise or conceal behind a false
appearance raffish 천한, 저속한, 싸구려의; 방탕한 tawdry 야한, 값싸고 번지르르한, 비속한 gaudy and cheap in
nature or appearance rakish 경쾌한; 멋진, 날씬한; 쾌활한 dashingly or sportingly stylish;
jaunty preen (새가 날개를) 부리로 다듬다, 몸치장을 하다; 자랑하다, 우
쭐 다 snub 핀잔을 주다, 냉 하다; 꾸짖다 to ignore or behave coldly
toward; slight fabricate : ingenuous :: discompose : placid discompose 혼란시키다, 어지럽히다
ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous : deceive ingratiating 매력 있는, 붙임성 있는; 비위를 맞추는, 알랑거리는
pernicious : injure :: disingenuous : mislead pernicious 파괴적인, 해로운; 치명적인
ingenue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness ingenue [ǽnʒənù:] 순정 소녀 an artless, innocent girl or young
woman ingenuous ↔ deceptive, devious, artful ingenuous, honest ↔ hypocritical, cunning, sly, calculating, worldly disingenuousness ↔ guilelessness, candor
ingest [indʒést] v. 섭취하다, 취하다 : to take into the body by the mouth for digestion or
absorption ingest ↔ expel
ingrained [ingréind, --] a. 뿌리 깊은, 타고난 1. firmly established; deep-seated 2. worked deeply into the texture or fiber
ingrained ↔ easily to change, extrinsic, superficial extrinsic 본질적이 아닌, 외부로부터의
ingrate [íngreit] 배은망덕한 사람
: an ungrateful person ingrate ↔ thankful person
ingratiating [ingréi∫iéitiŋ] v. 매력 있는, 붙임성 있는; 비위를 맞추는, 알랑거리는
1. pleasing; agreeable 2. calculated to please or win favor * ingratiate [ingréiʃièit] v. 환심을 사다, 비위를 맞추다 : to bring (oneself, for example) into the favor or good graces
of another, especially by deliberate effort flatter : ingratiate :: smother : choke ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous, fraudulent : deceive
inherent [inhíərənt] a. 타고난 : existing as an essential constituent or characteristic;
intrinsic inherent ↔ extrinsic
inhibition [inhibí∫ən] n. 억제, 금지 1. the act of inhibiting or the state of being inhibited 2. something that restrains, blocks, or suppresses * inhibit v.
inhibit ↔ further, provide inhibitor ↔ catalyst further (일, 계획, 목적 등을) 발전시키다, 조장하다, 촉진하다
inimical [inímikəl] a. 해로운; 비우호적인 1. injurious or harmful in effect; adverse 2. unfriendly; hostile
inimical ↔ friendly, amiable, amicable, amenable amenable (기준 등을) 잘 따르는, 순종하는 responsive to advice,
authority, or suggestion; tractable
inimitable [inímitəbəl] a. 흉내 낼 수 없는; 비길 데 없는 : defying imitation; matchless
indubitable : question :: inimitable : copy inimitable ↔ commonplace, ordinary
iniquity [iníkwəti] n. 심한 불법, 사악, 무도: WICKEDNESS 1. gross immorality or injustice; wickedness 2. a grossly immoral act; a sin
iniquity ↔ rectitude, justice, saintliness, disinterestedness rectitude 정직, 청렴; 올바름, 정확(correctness)
initial [iníʃəl] a. 처음의, 최초의 : of, relating to, or occurring at the beginning; first
eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated doyen 고참자, 일인자, 가 a man who is the eldest or senior
member of a group initial : realized :: irregular : classified :: tangible : indefinite :: tenable : undefended (OPPOSITE) tenable 방어할 수 있는, 변호할 수 있는; 지속/유지할 수 있는
initial ↔ following initiate ↔ follow up
initiate [iní∫ièit] v. 시작하다, 개시하다 1. to set doing by taking the first step; begin 2. to introduce to a new field, interest, skill, or activity 3. to admit into membership, as with ceremonies or ritual
catalyst : initiate :: supervisor : oversight eccentric : conventional :: doyen : initiated (OPPOSITE) initiate ↔ follow up inveterate ↔ uninitiated
initiative [iníʃətiv] n. 시작, 개시; 진취성, 첫걸음 : ENTERPRISE, INTRODUCTORY, PRELIMINARY 1. the power or ability to begin or to follow through
energetically with a plan or task 2. a beginning or introductory step; an opening move
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initiative : entrepreneur :: impartiality : arbiter arbiter 중재자, 조정인
inkling [íŋkliŋ] n. 넌지시 비침, 희미한 지식 1. a slight hint or indication 2. a slight understanding or vague idea or notion
inkling : knowledge :: modicum : quantity inkling : indication :: lapse : error (A << B) lapse (일시적인) 쇠퇴; (사소한) 잘못, 과실; (잠깐의) 휴식, 중단
innocent [ínəsnt] a. 순결한; 결백한 : BLAMELESS innocent ↔ culpable, guilty
innocuous [inɑ kjuːəs / inɔ k-] a. 무해한; 악의 없는, 지루한 : INOFFENSIVE, INSIPID
1. having no adverse effect; harmless 2. not likely to offend or provoke to strong emotion; insipid
placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous :: venom : toxic salve [sæv] 연고, 고약; 위안; 아첨 unctuous [ʌ ŋktʃuəs] 기름기 있는, 미끄러운; 요설을 부리는 venom 독액, 독물; 원한, 악의
wholesome, sanitary, innocuous ↔ noxious, injurious sanitary 공중위생의; 위생적인, 깨끗한
innocuous ↔ objectionable
innovation [ìnouvéiʃən] n. 혁신 1. the act of introducing something new 2. something newly introduced
contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious 고집 센; 반항적인 obstinately disobedient or
rebellious; insubordinate novelty 새로움, 신기함, 참신함; 혁신; 희한한 사건/물건/일
innuendo [ìnjuéndou] n. 암시 an indirect or subtle, usually derogatory implication in
expression; an insinuation derogatory (명성 등을) 손상시키는; 가치를 떨어뜨리는 insinuate 은근히 심어주다; 넌지시 비추다, 빗 어 말하다
innuendo : suspicion ::
inquiry [inkwáiəri, -- -, ínkwəri] n. 질문 1. the act of inquiring 2. a question; a query 3. a close examination of a matter in a search for
information or truth confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory interrogatory 의문의, 의심스러워하는 asking a question; of the
nature of a question; interrogative
inquisitive [inkwízitiv] a. 질문하기 좋아하는, 탐구적인; 캐묻기 좋아하는
1. unduly curious and inquiring 2. inclined t investigate; eager for knowledge
inquisitive : curious :: painful : agonizing (A >> B)
insalubrious [ìnsəlú:briəs] a. 건강에 안좋은, 건강하지 못한 : not promoting health; unwholesome
insalubrious ↔ wholesome
insatiable [inséiʃəbəl] a. 만족할 줄 모르는 : impossible to satiate or satisfy
insatiable : satisfy :: ineluctable : avoid insatiable : sate :: unsalvageable : repair :: unexceptionable : oppose insatiable : slake :: inevitable : avoid insatiable ↔ slakable slake (허기, 욕망 등을) 채우다, 만족시키다; 달래다; 약화시키다
insensate [insénseit] a. 감각이 없는; 지각없는 1. a. lacking sensation or awareness; inanimate b.
unconscious 2. lacking sensibility; unfeeling 3. a. lacking sense or the power to reason b. foolish; witless
insensate ↔ conscious
insensitive [insénsətiv] a. 무감각한, 둔한; 반응이 없는 1. not physically sensitive; numb 2. a. lacking in sensitivity to the feelings or circumstances of
others; unfeeling b. lacking in responsiveness * insentient 무감각한 devoid of sensation or consciousness;
inanimate insensitive ↔ tender (부드러운, 민감한) insentient ↔ perceiving, conscious, animated, lively, stirring (volatile은 오답)
insert [insə ːrt] v. 끼워 넣다 insert ↔ remove, tear
insidious [insídiəs] a. 남을 속이는, 배반하는; 교활한; 잠행성의 1. working or spreading harmfully in a subtle or stealthy
manner 2. intended to entrap; treacherous 3. beguiling but harmful; alluring
insight [ínsait] n. 통찰, 간파; 통찰력, 식견 1. the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation;
penetration 2. the act or outcome of grasping the inward or hidden
nature of things or of perceiving in an intuitive manner insight : discern :: mettle : endure mettle 기질, 성미; 용기, 열정
insight : discerning :: deadpan : impassive insightful ↔ obtuse
insinuate [insínjueit] v. 넌지시 말하다, 비추다; 서서히 주입시키다 1. to introduce or otherwise convey (a thought, for example)
gradually and insidiously 2. to introduce or insert (oneself) by subtle and artful means
insipid [insípid] a. 재미없는, 맛없는 : DULL, FLAT 1. lacking flavor or zest; not tasty 2. lacking excitement, stimulation, or interest; dull
insipid : invention :: prosaic : imagination insipid ↔ exciting, fascinating, piquant
insolent [ínsələnt] a. 건방진 : IMPUDENT 1. presumptuous and insulting in manner or speech; arrogant 2. audaciously rude or disrespectful
perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration (LACK) perfunctory 마지못해 하는
insolent ↔ polite, courteous, respectful, elegant courteous 예의바른, 정중한, 공손한
insouciant [insúːsiənt] a. 태평한 : NONCHALANT : marked by blithe unconcern; nonchalant
insouciant : worry :: tenacious, pertinacious : yield (A=not B) tenacious 꽉 쥐고 놓지 않는, 집착하는; 고집 센 pertinacious 고수하는, 끈덕진, 집요한
insouciant, nonchalant : concern :: tenacious : yield :: magnanimous : begrudge (A는 B하지 않는다, A에는 B의 속성이 없다)
magnanimous a. 도량이 큰, 관대한, 고결한 begrudge 부러워하다, 샘내다, 아까워하다, 꺼리다 insouciant ↔ distressed, worried, anxious, troubled (immoderate는 오답)
inspired [inspáiərd] a. 영감 받은, 아주 훌륭한 : outstanding or brilliant in a way or to a degree suggestive
of divine inspiration pedestrian ↔ inspired pedestrian 도보의; 평범한, 산문적인(prosaic) undistinguished;
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ordinary
install [instɔ :l] v. 설치/가설하다; 임명하다, 취임시키다; 앉다, 정착하게 하다 1. to set in position and connect or adjust for use 2. to induct into an office, a rank, or a position 3. to settle in an indicated place or condition; establish
install ↔ remove
instate [instéit] v.t. 취임시키다 : to establish in office; install
instate ↔ oust oust 내쫓다, 축출하다 to eject from a position or place; force out
instigate [ínstəgèit] v.t. 선동하다 : PROVOKE 1. to urge on; goad 2. to stir up; foment
instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat browbeat to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing manner or
domineering speech; bully quell ↔ foment, instigate, rouse
instill [instíl] v. 스며들게 하다, 주입시키다 1. to introduce by gradual, persistent efforts; implant 2. to pour in (medicine, for example) drop by drop
instill ↔ drain away/out, remove, press down
instinct [ínstiŋ:kt] n. 본능; 천분 1. an inborn pattern of behavior that is characteristic of a
species and is often a response to specific environmental stimuli
2. a powerful motivation or impulse an innate capability or aptitude * instinctive 직관적인, 본능적인 Arising from impulse,
spontaneous and unthinking instinct ↔ learned response instinctive ↔ deliberate
institute [ínstətjùːt] v.t. 제정하다 : ORGANIZE 1. a. to establish, organize, and set in operation b. to
initiate; begin 2. to establish or invest in an office or a position
rescind, abrogate, efface ↔ institute rescind 폐지/폐기/철회하다 to make void; repeal or annul abrogate (공식적으로) 폐지하다 to abolish, do away with, or annul,
especially by authority
instrumentalist n. 기악 연주자 instrumentalist : orchestra :: actor : troupe instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet
insubordinate [ìnsəbɔ ːrdənit] a. 반항하는 : not submissive to authority
insubordinate : submissive :: disaffected : contented :: capricious : deliberate disaffected 불만을 품은, 반감이 많은 resentful and rebellious,
especially against authority tractable ↔ insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate intransigent 타협하지 않는 incorrigible 고칠 수 없는; 뿌리 깊은, 완고한
insubordinate ↔ tractable
insubstantial [ìnsəbstǽn∫:əl] a. 내용 없는; 약한; 상상의, 가공의 1. lacking substance or reality 2. a. not firm or solid; flimsy b. delicate; fine
insubstantial ↔ extensive, firm, objective, pithy, significant, sound, sturdy
extensive 광대한, 광범위한, 해박한, 상세한
insufferable [insʌ f:ərəb:əl] a. 견딜 수 없는, 참을 수 없는 :(unbearable) difficult or impossible to endure; intolerable
insufferable ↔ tolerable insufferable : tolerate ::
insular [ínsələr, -sjə-] a. 섬의; 섬나라 근성의, 편협한 1. a. of, relating to, or constituting an island b. living or located on an island 2. a. suggestive of the isolated life of an island b. circumscribed and detached in outlook and experience;
narrow or provincial insular ↔ ecumenical, cosmopolitan insularity ↔ refinement insularity ↔ cosmopolitanism
insulate [ínsəlèit, -sjə-] v. 절연/방음하다; 분리/격리하다 1. to cause to be in a detached or isolated position 2. to prevent the passage of heat, electricity, or sound into or
out of, especially by surrounding with a nonconducting material
insulate ↔ expose
insurgent [insə ːrdʒənt] a. 반란을 일으키는 n. 반란자 : rising in revolt against civil authority or a government in
power; rebellious parsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgent insurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate incendiary 불을 지르는; 선동하는, 교사하는; 자극적인
insusceptible [ìnsəséptəb:əl] a. 무감각의(insensible); 받아들이지 않는
insusceptible ↔ responsive, susceptible
intact [intǽkt] a. 온전한, 원래 로의; 처녀의 1. remaining sound, entire, or uninjured; not impaired in any
way 2. having all physical parts
riven ↔ intact rive 찢다, 쪼개다; (마음을) 갈기갈기 찢다
intangible [intǽndʒəbəl] a. 만져서 알 수 없는; 이해할 수 없는 : IMPALPABLE
1. incapable of being perceived by the senses 2. incapable of being realized or defined
impracticable : effected :: intangible : known :: indemonstrable : proven (B는 A의 반대 완료형)
tangible ↔ unable to perceive intangible ↔ readily perceived, corporeal, palpable
integral [íntigrəl] a. 필수적인; 완전한 1. essential or necessary for completeness 2. possessing everything essential; entire
integral ↔ superfluous, redundant, tangential, peripheral, unnecessary tangential 접선의; 관계가 거의 없는; 탈선하는, 주제를 벗어난
integrate [íntəgrèit] v. UNIFY 1. to make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify 2. a. to join with something else; unite b. to make part of a
larger unit 3. to open to people of all races or ethnic groups without
restriction; desegregate * disintegrate : v. 분해하다, 붕괴하다/분해시키다, 해체하다
disintegrated : cohesive :: (OPPOSITE) integrate ↔ fragment, separate, taint taint 더럽히다; 감염시키다; 손상시키다
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disintegrate ↔ amalgamate disintegration ↔ amalgamation
integrity [intégrəti] n. 정직, 성실; 완전무결 : COMPLETENESS 1. steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code 2. the state of being unimpaired; soundness 3. the quality or condition of being whole or undivided;
completeness ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity :: genuine : authenticity ecumenical 전반적인, 보편적인 of worldwide scope or applicability;
universal taint ↔ integrity, wholesomeness taint 오염시키다, 더럽히다; 감염시키다; 부패/타락시키다; (명예를)
손상시키다 integrity ↔ incompleteness
intelligible [intélədʒəbəl] a. 알기 쉬운 1. capable of being understood 2. capable of being apprehended by the intellect alone
correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible garble 왜곡하다; 혼동하다, 착각하다
intemperate [intémpərit] a. 폭음하는; 무절제한; 과격한; 혹심한 : not temperate or moderate; excessive, especially in the
use of alcoholic beverages intemperate : restraint :: lethargy : energy intemperate ↔ constrained, equable equable 한결같은, 안정된; 조용한
intensify [inténsəfài] vi. 세게 하다 : STRENGTHEN 1. to make intense or more intense 2. to increase the contrast of (a photographic image)
expand : extent :: intensify : degree moderate : intensity :: extenuate : seriousness extenuate 정상을 참작하다; 경시하다
abate : intensity :: taper : width alleviate : intensity :: abate : tax abate, assuage, attenuate ↔ intensify, promote
inter [intə ːr] v.t. 매장하다, 묻다 : to place in a grave or tomb; bury
inter : burial :: obliterate : removal :: install : inauguration install 취임시키다
intercede [ìntərsíːd] vi. 중재하다 : MEDIATE 1. to plead on another's behalf 2. to act as mediator in a dispute
intercessor : mediate :: augur : prediction :: translator : interpret
interdict [ìntərdíkt] v. 금지하다 1. to prohibit or place under an ecclesiastical or legal
sanction 2. to forbid or debar, especially authoritatively 3. a. to cut or destroy (a line of communication) by
firepower so as to halt an enemy's advance b. to confront and halt the activities, advance, or entry of
interdict ↔ authorize
interim [íntərim] a. 일시적인, 중간의 : belonging to, serving during, or taking place during an
intermediate interval of time; temporary respite : labor :: interim : concert interim ↔ continuous, permanent, certain, definite, continuing
interlock [ìntərlɑ k / -lɔ k] v. 포개지다, 서로 걸리다; 연동하다 1. to unite or join closely as by hooking or dovetailing 2. to connect together (parts of a mechanism, for example)
so that the motion or operation of individual parts affect each other
dovetail (건축) 열장이음
interlocking ↔ independent
interloper [ìntərlóupər] n. 참견하는 놈 : one that interferes with the affairs of others, often for
selfish reasons; a meddler
interlude [íntərlùːd] n. 막간; 간주 : INTERVAL 1. an intervening episode, feature, or period of time 2. a. a short farcical entertainment performed between the
acts of a medieval mystery or morality play b. a 16th-century genre of comedy derived from this c. an entertainment between the acts of a play 3. (music) a short piece inserted between the parts of a
longer composition
interminable [intə ːrmənəbəl] a. 끝없는, 무기한의; 지겨운 1. being or seeming to be without an end; endless 2. tiresomely long; wearisome
countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting, interminable : duration myriad 무수한 constituting a very large, indefinite number;
innumerable untold 이야기 되지 않은; 말로 표현할 수 없는; 셀 수 없는, 막 한
interminable : lengthy :: boundless : extensive : fathomless : deep interminable : length :: fathomless : depth
intermittent [ìntərmítənt] a. 간헐적인 1. stopping and starting at intervals 2. alternately containing and empty of water
intermittent ↔ constant, continued
interpose [intərpouz] v. ~사이에 두다, 끼워넣다, 개입하다, 방해하다, 이의를 제기하다, 간섭하다
interpose ↔ overlook, ignore, disregard, avoid
interregnum [ìntərégnəm] n. 군주/원수 부재 기간; (내각 경질 등에 의한) 정치 공백 기간 1. the interval of time between the end of a sovereign's reign
and the accession of a successor 2. a period of temporary suspension of the usual functions of
government or control 3. a gap in continuity
interregnum : government :: hibernation : activity
interrogate [intérəgèit] v.t. 심문하다, 따져 묻다 : to examine by questioning formally or officially
interrogate : probe :: probe 조사하다; 엄 히 검사하다
confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory question : interrogative :: order : imperative imperative 필수의, 의무적인; 명령적인
usurp : seize :: interrogate : examine (A >> B) usurp 강탈하다 to seize and hold (the power or rights) by force and
without legal authority
interrogative [ìntərɑ gətiv|-rɔ g-] a. 의문의, 묻고 싶어 하는; 의문문의, 의문문에 쓰이는
1. asking a question or being of the nature of a question 2. of, relating to, or being an element or construction used to
ask a question
interrogatory a. 의문의; 의심스러워하는 asking a question; of the nature of a question; interrogative
intervene [ìntərvíːn] vi. 중재하다; 끼어들어 방해하다 1. to come, appear, or lie between two things 2. to come or occur between two periods or points of time 3. to occur as an extraneous or unplanned circumstance 4. a. to come in or between so as to hinder or alter an action b. to interfere, usually through force or threat of force, in the
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affairs of another nation
intimate [íntəmit] n. 친한 친구 [íntəmeit] v. 간접적으로 말하다, 넌지시 비치다 1. to make known subtly and indirectly; hint 2. to announce; proclaim
clique : intimates :: flock : sheep intimate : close :: engrossed : absorbed :: obsessed : attracted (A >> B)
intimate : communicate :: allude : infer (동사) allude 암시하다 to make an indirect reference
intimidate [intímədèit] v.t. 겁먹게 하다, 협박하다 1. to make timid; fill with fear 2. to coerce or inhibit by or as if by threats
sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation extortion 강요, 강탈; 착취
dauntless : intimidate :: irrepressible : restrain irrepressible 억제할 수 없는, 억누를 수 없는 difficult or impossible
to control or restrain coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate obfuscate 혼란하게 하다; 애매하게 하다
cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize 겁 : 상대방을 겁먹게하다 :: 화 : 상대방을 화나게하다
sabotage : subvertness :: bull : intimidation
intractable [intrǽktəb:əl] a. 고집 센, 다루기 힘든, 난치의 1. difficult to manage or govern; stubborn 2. difficult to mold or manipulate 3. difficult to alleviate, remedy, or cure * intractability n.
intractable : control :: (A=B하기 힘든) intractable : govern :: intractable ↔ obeisant, governable, yielding, manageable intractability ↔ governability
intransigent [intrǽnsədʒənt] a. 비타협적인 : UNCOMPROMISING
: refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude
firm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed (A << B) obsess 사로잡히다 to preoccupy the mind of excessively
intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend intransigent : control :: resolute : oscillate intransigent ↔ open to compromise, complaisant, yielding complaisant 남을 기쁘게 해주려는, 친절한, 상냥한, 정중한 docile, pliant, tractable ↔ insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate, intractable
intransigence ↔ docility, pliancy, tractability
intrepid [intrépəd] a. 담한, 두려움을 모르는 : resolutely courageous; fearless
genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear (A한 사람은 B가 없다) genteel 태생이 좋은, 품위 있는; 점잔 빼는
fear : intrepid :: qualm : unscrupulous (B한 사람은 A가 없다) qualm 양심의 가책 intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract (A하지 못하게 B하다) deter 단념시키다; 방해하다 to prevent or discourage from acting, as
by means of fear or doubt rapt 골몰한, 넋을 잃은; 황홀해 하는
intrepid ↔ apprehensive intrepidness ↔ craven
intricacy [íntrikəsi] n. 복잡 * intricate adj.
intricate : complexity :: intricate ↔ simple, straightforward chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy chiaroscuro [kià:rəskjúərou] n. 명암 조법
intrigue [intrí:g] vi. 음모를 꾸미다; 흥미를 자아내다 1. to engage in secret or underhand schemes; plot 2. to arouse the interest or curiosity of intriguing [intríːgiŋ] a. 흥미를 자아내는; 음모를 꾸미는 :
FASCINATING interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile (EQUAL) bootless without advantage or benefit; useless
intrigue, interest ↔ pall pall 시시해지다, 진저리나다
intrinsic [intrínsik] a. 고유의, 내재한 : of or relating to the essential nature of a thing; inherent
intrinsic ↔ extraneous
intuitive [intjú:itiv] a. 직관적인 1. of, relating to, or arising from intuition 2. known or perceived through intuition 3. possessing or demonstrating intuition
inundate [ínəndèit] v. 범람하다, 침수시키다; 쇄도하다 1. to cover with water, especially floodwaters 2. to overwhelm as if with a flood; swamp
inundate ↔ drain
inundation [ínəndèiʃən, -nʌn-] n. 홍수 : to cover with a flood : OVERFLOW
inure [injúər] v.t. (나쁜 것에) 익숙케 하다 : to habituate to something undesirable, especially by
prolonged subjection; accustom inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency addict (나쁜 버릇 등에) 젖게 하다, 빠지게 하다
invariant [inv (:)əriənt] a. 한결같은, 불변의 : not varying; constant
invariance ↔ fluctuation
invective [invéktiv] n. 독설 a. 욕설(비난)의 명. 1. denunciatory or abusive language; vituperation 2. denunciatory or abusive expression or discourse 형. of, relating to, or characterized by denunciatory or
abusive language exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit (A = B하게 하는 행동) exhortation 권고, 설교, 충고 exhort to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice,
or appeal polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive polemic 반론, 논쟁; 논쟁가
invective ↔ accolade, approbation, compliment, exaltation, extolment, flattery, laud, laudatory speech/words, encomium, praise, adulation
eulogy, eulogium : invective :: (OPPOSITE, 명 : 형)
inveigh [invéi] vi. 심하게 항의하다, 매도하다 : to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently
inveigh ↔ verbally provide support
inveigle [invíːgəl, -véi-] v. 끌어들이다; 속여서 빼앗다 1. to win over by coaxing, flattery, or artful talk 2. to obtain by cajolery
plot : plan :: inveigle : interest (DEFECTIVE) inveigle ↔ request directly, openly seek to persuade
inventory [ínvəntɔ ːri / -təri] n. 재고 조사; 상품 목록 일람 1. a detailed, itemized list, report, or record of things in one's
possession, especially a periodic survey of all goods and materials in stock
2. the process of making such a list, report, or record 3. the items listed in such a report or record 4. the quantity of goods and materials on hand; stock 5. an evaluation or a survey, as of abilities, assets, or
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resources census : population :: inventory : stock inventory : merchandise :: manifest : cargo manifest n. 선박 적하 목록; 승객 명단 a list of cargo or passengers
carried on a ship or plane
investigate [invéstəgèit] v. 조직적으로 연구하다, 상세히 조사하다 : to observe or inquire into in detail; examine
systematically investigate : probe :: cavil : criticize
inveterate [invétərit] a. 뿌리 깊은, 상습적인 1. firmly and long established; deep-rooted 2. persisting in an ingrained habit; habitual
inveterate ↔ casual, uninitiated casual a. 우연한, 우발적인 n.임시 노동자
invidious [invídiəs] a. 비위에 거슬리는; 불공평한, 불쾌한 1. tending to rouse ill will, animosity, or resentment 2. containing or implying a slight; discriminatory 3. envious
invidious ↔ beneficial
invigorate [invígərèit] v. 고무하다 : STIMULATE : to impart vigor, strength, or vitality to; animate
conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate conducive 공헌하는, 도움이 되는 tending to cause or bring about;
contributive tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden analgesic 진통제 a medication that reduces or eliminates pain
invigorate ↔ weaken, debilitate, demoralize, enfeeble, enervate, emaciate, sap debilitate 약하게 하다 to sap the strength or energy of; enervate emaciate 야위게/쇠약하게 하다; (효과 등을) 약하게 하다
invincible [invínsəbəl] a. 정복할 수 없는, 무적의 : incapable of being overcome or defeated; unconquerable
invincible : conquer :: optimal : improve :: impermeable : penetrate (A = B할 수 없는) (corrupt : compromise는 오답)
invincible : subdue :: impervious : damage impervious 불침투성의; 영향을 받지 않는
inviolable [invɑ iələb:əl] a. 불가침의, 신성한; 침범할 수 없는 1. secure from violation or profanation 2. impregnable to assault or trespass; invincible
pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable profane 신성을 더럽히는; 세속적인, 야비한
inviolate [inváiəlit] a. 신성한 : PURE : not violated or profaned; intact
intact 본래 로의, 손 지 않은, 완전한 pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolate :: penetrate : impermeable :: comprehend : obscure profane 선성을 더럽히는; 세속적인
inviolable, inviolate ↔ profane, impure, conteminated impure 불결한, 더러운 inviolated ↔ contaminated
invite [inváit] v. : ENTICE, PROVOKE 1. to ask for the presence or participation of 초 하다 2. to request formally 요구하다 3. to welcome; encourage 4. to tend to bring on; provoke 야기하다 5. to entice; tempt 유혹하다
invite ↔ ward off ward off 회피하다, 피하다 1. to turn aside; parry 2. to try to prevent; avert
invoice [ínvɔis] n. 송장, 구매서; (송장에 적힌) 화물
1. a detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all costs; an itemized bill
2. the goods or services itemized in an invoice consignment : invoice :: consignment 위탁, 탁송; 또는 그 물품 consign 넘기다, 인도하다; 할당하다, 충당하다; 운송하다, 탁송하다
invoke [invóuk] v.t. 1. to call on (a higher power) for assistance, support, or
inspiration 호소하다 2. to appeal to or cite in support or justification 청원/탄원하다 3. to call for earnestly; solicit
invoke ↔ suspend
invulnerable [invʌ lnərəbəl] a.불사신의, 무적의; 쳐부술 수 없는 1. immune to attack; impregnable 2. impossible to damage, injure, or wound
impregnable 난공불락의, 견고한; 확고부동한 euphemism : offend :: invulnerable : injure untenable : defense :: invulnerable : injury untenable being such that defense or maintenance is impossible
irascible [irǽsəbəl, air-] a. 성마른 1. prone to outbursts of temper; easily angered 2. characterized by or resulting from anger
accessible : approach :: irascible : enrage irascible : placate :: insensate : conscious insensate 감각 없는; 무정한(unfeeling), 잔혹한(brutal); 어리석은
affable ↔ irascible affable 붙임성 있는; 상냥한 easy and pleasant to speak to; gentle
and gracious
irate [áireit, -- ] a. 격노한 1. extremely angry; enraged 2. characterized or occasioned by anger
gush : effusive :: rage : irate gush 세차게 흘러나오다, 분출하다
ire [áiər] n. 노여움, 분노 v. ~을 노하게 하다 ire ↔ placate
irenic [airénik|-rí:n-] a. 평화(협조)적인
iridescence [ìrədésəns] n. 무지개 빛 * iridescent 1. producing a display of lustrous, rainbow-like colors 무지개
빛깔의 2. brilliant, lustrous, or colorful in effect or appearance
iridescent ↔ monochromatic
irk [əːrk] v. 성가시게 하다 : VEX, IRRITATE : to be irritating, wearisome, or vexing to
irk : enrage :: suggest : urge (A << B) enrage 격노하게 하다 to put into a rage; infuriate
pest : irksome :: expert : proficient pest 귀찮은 사람, 해로운 사람/동물/물건; 역병, 전염병; 해독, 재앙
irk ↔ act defensively, cause to pleased, gratify, make someone pleased, please
ironclad [áiərnklǽd] a. 철판을 입힌; 견고한, 엄격한 : rigid; fixed; so firm or secure as to be unbreakable
jammed : full :: ironclad : firm :: brilliant : smart (EQUAL)
irradicable [irǽdikəbl] a. 근절할 수 없는, 뿌리 깊은 : impossible to uproot or destroy; ineradicable
ineffable : description :: irradicable : obliterate ineffable 형언할 수 없는, 말로 표현할 수 없는
incorrigible : amend :: irradicable, ineradicable : remove
irreducible [ìridjúːsəbəl] a. 줄일 수 없는
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: impossible to reduce to a desired, simpler, or slammer form or amount
factorable ↔ irreducible factor, factorize 인수분해하다
irrelevant [iréləvənt] a. 관계가 없는 : INAPPLICABLE : unrelated to the matter at hand
irrelevant : pertain :: immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center :: circuitous : directness immaterial 중요하지 않은; 무형의, 비물질적인
germane ↔ irrelevant germane 접한 관계가 있는; 적절한
immaterial ↔ relevant immaterial 비물질적인, 무형의; 정신상의, 영적인; 수롭지 않은,
하찮은
irresolute [irézəlùːt] a. 우유부단한 : VACILLATING, INDECISIVE
1. unsure of how to act or proceed; undecided 2. lacking in resolution; indecisive * irresolution
demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness demur 반 하다, 이의를 제기하다 to voice opposition; object qualm 양심의 가책, 꺼림칙함; 불안, 염려
irresolute, daunted ↔ undeterred irresolution ↔ determination, perposefulness, will, willfulness
irreverent [irévərənt] a. 불경한 1. lacking or exhibiting a lack of reverence; disrespectful 2. critical of what is generally accepted or respected;
satirical irreverent ↔ respectful, courteous, gracious awe ↔ irreverence
irrevocable [irévəkəbl] a. 돌이킬 수 없는, 취소할 수 없는 : impossible to retract or revoke
irrevocable : rescind :: rescind 폐기/철회하다 to make void; repeal or annul
irrigate [írəgèit] v.축이다, 물을 다, 관개하다 : WET, MOISTEN
: to supply (as land or crops) with water by artificial means : to flush (a body part) with a stream of liquid (as in
removing a foreign body or medicating) irrigate : flush :: galvanize : stimulate (A(인위적):B)
irritate [írətèit] v. 짜증나게 하다 : to rouse to impatience or anger; annoy
antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation haunt : familiar, similarity :: harass : irritating haunt (어떤 장소에) 자주 들르다, 자주 어울리다; (생각 등이) 자꾸
떠오르다 irritate : pacific :: fabricate : ingenuous fabricate 조립하다; 꾸며내다, 조작하다 ingenuous 솔직한, 숨김없는; 순진한, 꾸밈없는
balm, salve ↔ irritant salve 연고, 고약; 위안, (괴로움 등을) 달래주는 것
isomorph [áisəmɔ:rf] n. 동형체 isomorph ↔ dissimilarity, different structure, heterogeneity, disparateness, structure of dissimilarity
issue [íʃuː / ísjuː] n. 논점; (정기 간행물의) 호 v. 유포시키다 debate : issue :: bargain : price (A = B를 이야기하다) retort : repartee :: debate : issue :: correspond : letter (conversation : language는 오답) repartee [rèpərtí:] 재치 있는 응답, 현답 retort 되받아치다, 논박하다; 보답하다
stanza : line :: volume : issue (issue : 월 단위, volume : 년 단위) episode : series :: issue : periodical issue ↔ withdraw
isthmus [ísməs] n. 지협 : a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas
isthmus : land :: strait : water strait 해협; 곤경, 궁핍
itinerary [aitínər`eiri] n. 여로, 여정; 여행 계획/일정표 1. a route or proposed route of a journey 2. an account or a record of a journey 3. a guidebook for travelers
itinerary : trip :: syllabus : course
J jabber [dʒǽbər] v. 재잘거리다
: to talk rapidly, unintelligibly, or idly jabber ↔ speak slowly
jaded [dʒeidid] a. 물린, 지긋지긋한 : EXHAUSTED 1. worn out; wearied 2. dulled by surfeit; sated
overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune jaded ↔ keen, enthusiastic keen 강렬한, 격렬한, 열심인, 열중한
jammed [dʒæmd] a. 꽉 찬 jammed : full :: ironclad : firm ironclad 철판을 입힌; 엄격한, 견고한
jape [dʒeip] v. 희롱하다 : to joke or quip, taunt
quip 빈정거리다, 비꼬다, 놀리다 revere ↔ jape at
jar [dʒɑːr] n. 병, 단지 vi. 삐걱거리다; (신경에) 거슬리다 1. to make or utter a harsh sound 2. to be disturbing or irritating; grate 3. to shake or shiver from impact 4. to clash or conflict
puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled (A = B하게 하다)
jargon [dʒɑ ːrgɑn / -gɔn] n. 허튼 소리; 전문용어 1. nonsensical, incoherent, or meaningless talk 2. a hybrid language or dialect 3. the specialized or technical language of a trade, profession,
or similar group vernacular : place :: jargon : profession vernacular 지방 특유의
jar [dʒa:r] v. 덜컹거리다, 삐걱거리다; 거슬리다, 불쾌한 느낌을 주다 1. to make or utter a harsh sound 2. to be disturbing or irritating; grate 3. to shake or shiver from impact 4. to clash or conflict
malodorous : smell :: jarring : sound melodious ↔ jarring melodious 선율적인; 아름다운 소리의, 듣기 좋은
jaundice [dʒɔ ːndis, dʒɑ ːn-] n. 편견, 비뚤어짐 v. 편견을 가지
게 하다; (황달에 걸리게 하다) : to affect with envy, jealousy, prejudice, or hostility
jaundice ↔ speak favorably jaundiced ↔ disposed favorably, unprejudiced, candid
jaunty [dʒɔ ːnti, dʒɑ ːn-] a. (태도가) 경쾌한; (옷 등이) 말쑥한
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: LIVELY 1. having a buoyant or self-confident air; brisk 2. crisp and dapper in appearance; natty
staid ↔ jaunty staid 차분한, 침착한
jazz [dʒæz] n. 재즈 portrait : painting :: jazz : music
jealousy [dʒéləsi] n. 질투 attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous (A << B)
jejune [dʒidʒúːn] a. 불모의, 지루한, 미숙한 : DULL 1. not interesting; dull 2. lacking maturity; childish 3. lacking in nutrition
jejune : interest :: labyrinthine : simplicity :: cliché : originality jejune ↔ thought provoking
jeopardy [dʒépərdi] n. 위험(성) : risk of loss or injury; peril or danger
uninformative : fathom :: jeopardous : overcome (A = B하기 어려운)
jerk [dʒəːrk] v. 갑자기 움직이다, 갑자기 말하다, (얇게 저미다) n. 갑작스런 움직임
1. to give a quick suddenly arrested push, pull, or twist to 2. to utter abruptly or sharply
jest [dʒest] n. 농담, 익살; 희롱, 장난 1. a playful or amusing act; a prank 2. a frolicsome or frivolous mood 3. an object of ridicule; a laughingstock 4. a witty remark
prank 농담, 못된 장난 a mischievous trick or practical joke frolicsome 농담, 익살; 조롱, 희롱 full of high-spirited fun; frisky
and playful jeer : derision :: reprimand : censure (EQUAL) jest ↔ solemn speaking/utterance, solemnity
jettison [dʒétəsən, -zən] v. (적하 등을) 내던지다; (불필요하여) 버리다 n. 투하 : to cast overboard or off : a voluntary sacrifice of cargo to lighten a ship's load in
time of distress jettison ↔ retain jettison ↔ salvage
jibe [dʒaib] v. 조화/일치하다, gibe의 뜻도 있음 : to be in accord; agree : = gibe
jibe ↔ conflict
jingoist [dʒíŋgouist] n. 호전적 애국주의자 jingo n. 외 강경론자, 맹목적 애국주의자 : one who vociferously supports one's country, especially
one who supports a belligerent foreign policy; a chauvinistic patriot
nepotism : kinship :: jingoist : nationality (A = B에 대한 과도한 집착) nepotism 친족 등용, 족벌주의, 정실(情實)
dove, pacifist ↔ warmonger, jingoist dove 비둘기; 순결, 애정, 평화; 순진한 사람, 평화주의자
jitter [dʒítər] v.신경질 부리다, 안절부절 못하다 : to be nervous or uneasy; fidget
fidget 안절부절 못하다, 불안해하다, 만지작거리다 jittery ↔ resolute
jocular [d3ákjələ:r] a. 웃기는, 까부는 : characterized by joking; given to joking
jocular ↔ lachrymose, serious
jocund [dʒɑ kənd, dʒóuk- / dʒɔ k-] a. 유쾌한 : sprightly and lighthearted in disposition, character, or
quality jocund ↔ dreary, morose, dour, serious, depressed, grave, dismal, lachrymose dreary 쓸쓸한, 우울한; 황량한; 울적한 morose 기분이 언짢은, 우울한 sullenly melancholy; gloomy dour 기분이 언짢은; 엄한, 완고한
dejection ↔ jocundity jocund, jocular ↔ lachrymose lachrymose 눈물이 많은; 구슬픈, 서러운
jog [dʒɑg, dʒɔg] v. 조깅하다 jog : exercise :: barter : trade barter 물물교환하다 to trade goods or services without the exchange
of money
joke [dʒouk] n. 농담 * jocose a. 익살맞은, 농담하는, 웃기는
joke : punch line :: plot : denouement punch line (광고, 농담 등의) 급소가 되는 글귀 denouement [dèinu:máŋ] 단원; 종국
pun : joke :: supernova : star pun 동음이의어를 이용한 말장난
jocose ↔ grave, morose
jolt [dʒoult] vi. 갑자기 움직이다; 마구 뒤흔들다 1. to move or dislodge with a sudden, hard blow; strike
heavily or jarringly 2. to cause to move jerkily 3. to put into a specified condition by or as if by a blow 4. to make suddenly active or effective 5. to disturb suddenly and severely; stun
jolt : move :: check : stop (A = 갑자기 B하다) check to arrest the motion of abruptly; halt
jot [dʒɑt / dʒɔt] v.t. 간단히 적어두다 : to write down briefly or hastily
nip : eat :: jot : write nip to sip (alcoholic liquor) in small amounts jot : write :: skim : read
jovial [dʒóuviəl] a. 즐거운, 유쾌한 : marked by hearty conviviality and good cheer
jovial ↔ mournful, drab, morose, saturnine, maudlin, lachrymose, lugubrious drab 담갈색의; 충충한; 단조로운, 재미없는 saturnine 토성의; 성미가 까다로운, 음침한 maudlin 감상적인, 눈물이 헤픈 effusively or tearfully sentimental lugubrious (과장되게) 슬퍼하는, 가련한
joviality ↔ moroseness morose 시무룩한, 기분이 언짢은 sullenly melancholy; gloomy
joyous [dʒɔ iəs] a. 즐거운, 기쁜 : feeling or causing joy; joyful
joyous ↔ grievous
jubilant [dʒúːbələnt] a. 매우 기쁜 : EXULTANT : exultingly joyful; expressing joy
dolorous ↔ jubilant dolorous 슬픈, 비통한 marked by or exhibiting sorrow, grief, or pain
judge [dʒ dʒ] n. 재판관, 심판 v. 재판하다 judge : law :: umpire : rule (B는 A가 심판하는 기준) umpire : (경기의 심판원)
judicious [dʒuːdíʃəs] a. 판단력 있는, 영리한, 신중한 : DISCREET
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: having or exhibiting sound judgment; prudent 예; judicious handling of the situation 사태에의 신중한 처
miser : stingy :: sage : judicious sage 현인, 철인
judicios ↔ crass, daft, unwise, imprudent crass 세련되지 못한, 거친, 둔한, 어리석은 daft 미친; 어리석은 1. mad; crazy 2. foolish; stupid
polite ↔ injudicious judiciousness ↔ indiscretion
juggernaut [dʒʌ gərnɔ ːt] n. 거 한 파괴력이 있는 것, 불가항력 1. something, such as a belief or an institution, that elicits
blind and destructive devotion or to which people are ruthlessly sacrificed
2. an overwhelming, advancing force that crushes or seems to crush everything in its path
juggernaut : unstoppable :: enigma : impenetrable :: extemporization : spontaneous
juggernaut : stoppable :: exacting : satisfied (A=B하기 어려운) juggernaut : crush :: quisling : betray :: charlatan : deceive quisling 매국노
siren : unresistant :: juggernaut : unstoppable siren (神話) 세이렌 [뱃사람을 유혹하는 요정]; 매혹적인 미녀,
요부; 경적, 사이렌
jumble [dʒʌ mbl] vi. 뒤범벅을 만들다, 혼란시키다 1. to mix in a confused way; throw together carelessly 2. to muddle; confuse
mixture : jumble ::
justify [dʒʌ stəfài] v.t. 정당화하다; 의혹을 풀다 1. to demonstrate or prove to be just, right, or valid 2. to declare free of blame; absolve
justify ↔ argue against
juxtapose [dʒʌ kstəpóuz, / --- ] v.t. (비교, 조를 위해)나란히 놓다 : to place side by side, especially for comparison or contrast
K kangaroo [kæ ŋgərúː] n. 캥거루
kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent marsupial [ma:rsjú:piəl] 유 동물 rodent 설치 동물
ken [ken] n. 이해; 시야, 범위 1. perception; understanding 2. a. range of vision b. view; sight
earshot : hear :: ken : see earshot 가청 거리 hearing distance
kidnap [kídn`æp] v. 납치하다, 유괴하다 : to seize and detain unlawfully and usually for ransom
kidnapping : detainment :: bribery : inducement
2006년 8월 30번 문제임 / 200705,06.. kidnapping : detainment
A wiretapping : entrapment 도청 : 함정수사 B larceny : theft 절도죄 : 절도 C plundering : destruction 약탈 : 파괴, 파기 D bribery : inducement 뇌물 수수 : 유인 E extortion : retribution 금전 등의 강탈 : 보복
larceny the unlawful taking and removing of another's personal property with the intent of permanently depriving the owner; theft.
theft the act or an instance of stealing; larceny. wiretap v. 도청하다 bribery an inducement that influences a public official to perform
his/her duties in a manner contrary to the course that would otherwise be adopted.
kindle [kíndl] v.t. 부채질하다, 충동질하다 : AROUSE 1. a. to build or fuel (a fire) b. to set fire to; ignite 2. to cause to glow; light up 3. to arouse (an emotion, for example)
extinguish, squelch ↔ kindle, rekindle
kindred [kíndrid] n. 일족, 친척; 혈연관계; 유사함, 동질성 a. 동일한, 동류의, 비슷한, 혈족의, 친척의
1. of the same ancestry or family 2. having a similar or related origin, nature, or character
kindred ↔ unsimilarity kindred ↔ dissimilar
kink [kiŋk] n. 얽힘, 비틀림; (근육의) 아픔, 결림; 삐딱함, 변덕 1. a tight curl, twist, or bend in a length of thin material, as
one caused by the tensing of a looped section of wire 2. a painful muscle spasm(경련), as in the neck or back; a
crick 3. a difficulty or flaw that is likely to impede operation, as in
a plan or system 4. a mental peculiarity; a quirk 5. an unusual or eccentric idea
crick 근육 경련, 경직, 쥐 a painful cramp or muscle spasm, as in the back or neck
kiss [kis] v.t. 키스 scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl 얼굴을 찡그리다 to wrinkle or contract the brow as an
expression of anger or disapproval hurl 내던지다; (욕설 등을) 퍼붓다
knack [næk] n. 요령, 비결 1. a clever, expedient way of doing something 2. a specific talent for something, especially one difficult to
explain or teach redundant : necessity :: clumsy : knack knack ↔ ineptitude, awkwardness knack ↔ foolish
knave [neiv] n. 부정직한 사람, 악한, 깡패 1. an unprincipled, crafty fellow 2. a. a male servant b. a man of humble birth
crafty 교활한, 간악한 skilled in or marked by underhandedness, deviousness, or deception sage : judgment :: knave : deceit sage 슬기로운 사람, 현인, 철인 one venerated for experience,
judgment, and wisdom knave : rogue :: jack : man (EQUAL) rogue 악한, 불량배, 사기꾼; 장난꾸러기 jack 남자 이름; 보통 남자, 무례한 놈; 동료, 짝패; 허드레꾼
knead [niːd] v.t. 반죽하다, 주무르다; (생각 등을) 가다듬다 1. to mix and work into a uniform mass, as by folding,
pressing, and stretching with the hands 2. to make or shape by or as if by folding, pressing, and
stretching with the hands 3. to squeeze, press, or roll with the hands, as in massaging
knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable malleable 벼릴 수 있는; 유순한 permeable 삼투성이 있는 that can be permeated or penetrated,
especially by liquids or gases
knit [nit] vi. 짜다, 뜨개질하다; 착시키다, 접합하다 1. to make (a fabric or garment) by intertwining yarn or
thread in a series of connected loops either by hand with knitting needles or on a machine
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2. to form (yarn or thread) into fabric by intertwining 3. to join closely; unite securely 4. to draw (the brows) together in wrinkles; furrow
furrow 갈다, 경작하다; 고랑을 만들다; 주름살을 짓다 knit : yarn :: plait : hair
(study : reconditeness 관계는 오답) yarn (직물의) 실; 긴 다발 plait (머리털, 짚 등을) 땋은/엮은 것(braid) recondite 이해하기 어려운, 난해한 not easily understood; abstruse
needle : knit :: loom : weave loom 베틀, 직조기; 직조
ravel ↔ knit ravel 풀다, 해명하다; 얽히게 하다
knotty [nɑ ti / nɔ ti] a. 옹이 있는; 해결하기에 복잡한 1. tied or snarled in knots 2. covered with knots or knobs 3. difficult to understand or solve; puzzlingly intricate
snarl 으르렁거리다, 고함치다; 엉클어지게 하다, 혼란시키다 knotty : resolve, solve :: (A하면 B하기 어렵다) knotty ↔ easy, simple
kudos [kjúːdɑs / kjúːdɔs] n. 명예, 칭찬 : acclaim or praise for exceptional achievement
kudos ↔ disparagement
L labile [léibil, -bail] a. 불안정한, 변하기 쉬운 : UNSTABLE
: open to change; adaptable labile ↔ stable, immutable, permanent
labored [léibəːrd] a. 동작이 힘든, 굼뜬; 부자연스러운, 서투른 a labored joke 억지농담(부자연스러운 찬사) 1. produced or done with effort 2. lacking natural ease; strained
glib ↔ labored glib 입심 좋은, 말로만 조잘거리는; 경쾌한, 경박한
labyrinth [lǽbərìnθ] n. 미로, 복잡함 :INTRICACY, PERPLEXITY
1. a. an intricate structure of interconnecting passages through which it is difficult to find one's way; a maze
b. (Greek mythology) the maze in which the Minotaur was confined
2. something highly intricate or convoluted in character, composition, or construction
labyrinthine : simplicity :: jejune : interest (OPPOSITE) jejune 재미없는, 지루한; 미숙한, 유치한
threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness (OPPOSITE) threadbare 닳아빠진(worn-out); 초라한(shabby) timeworn 오래된, 낡은; 케케묵은, 진부한
ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct (OPPOSITE) ribald 야비한, 상스러운 characterized by or indulging in vulgar, lewd
humor lewd 음란한, 외설적인 a. preoccupied with sex and sexual desire; lustful b. obscene; indecent seemly 적당한, 어울리는; 매력적인
labyrinth : tortuous :: ornament : decorative tortuous 구불구불한(winding); 에두르는(devious); 솔직하지 못한
labyrinth ↔ directness, simplicity, straightforward path labyrinthine ↔ simple
lacerate [lǽsərèit] v. 찢다, 째다; (마음, 감정 등을) 상하게 하다 1. to rip, cut, or tear 2. to cause deep emotional pain to; distress
lacerate ↔ mitigate, soothe
lachrymose [lǽkrəm`ous] a. 눈물이 많은; 구슬픈, 서러운 1. weeping or inclined to weep; tearful 2. causing or tending to cause tears
lachrymose ↔ jocund, jocular, glad, cheerful, jovial, joyful
lackluster [lǽklʌ stəːr] a. 빛/광택이 없는, 활기 없는 : DULL, MEDIOCRE
: lacking brightness, luster, or vitality; dull * luster [lʌ stər] n. 광택 v.t. 광택을 내다
reinforce : strength :: polish : luster lackluster ↔ charisma lackluster ↔ radiant, resplendent, refulgent, burnish resplendent 빛나는, 눈부신; 화려한 splendid or dazzling in
appearance; brilliant refulgent shining radiantly; resplendent burnish 닦다, 광을 내다
laconic [ləkɑ nik / -kɔ n-] a. 간결한, 무뚝뚝한 : using or marked by the use of few words; terse or concise
audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE) audacious 담한; 뻔뻔스러운, 무례한 trepidation 전율, 공포; 불안, 동요, 당황 aspiration 호흡; 소망, 동경
laconic : speech :: austere : design laconic ↔ loquacious, voluble, garrulous, verbose, prolix, wordy, lengthy, unabridged
laconism ↔ verbosity voluble ↔ taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent
ladle [léidl] n. 국자, 주걱, 큰 스푼 soup : ladle :: flour : scoop
lag [lǽg] v. 처지다, 뒤떨어지다 n. 지연, 지체 lag ↔ forge ahead forge 착실히 전진하다
laggard [lǽgərd] n. 늦는 사람, 꾸물거리는 사람, 굼벵이 a. 느린, 더딘
laggard : dilatory :: rascal : mischievous (A는 B한 성격을 지님) rascal 악당, 장난꾸러기, 악동 a.비열한, 몰염치한 laggard ↔ prompt, vigorous, taut, brisk
lambaste [læmbéist] v.t. 몹시 꾸짖다, 혹평하다 : CENSURE, BERATE
1. to give a thrashing to; beat 2. to scold sharply; berate
berate to rebuke or scold angrily and at length lambaste ↔ extol, laud
lame [leim] a. 절름발이의; 무능력한; 불완전한, 어설픈, 서투른 1. disabled so that movement, especially walking, is difficult
or impossible 2. marked by pain or rigidness 3. weak and ineffectual; unsatisfactory
lament [ləmént] v. 슬퍼하다, 후회하다 1. to express grief for or about; mourn 2. to regret deeply; deplore
lament : grief :: lament : elegy :: lamentable : repentance :: celebrate : lament :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE)
lamentable [lǽməntəb-əl] a. 애석한 : MOURNFUL : inspiring or deserving of lament or regret; deplorable or
pitiable lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure reprehensible 비난 받아야 할, 괘씸한 deserving rebuke or censure;
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blameworthy celebration :: lamentable :: slight :: respectful (OPPOSITE)
laminate [lǽmənèit] v. 박판으로 자르다/만들다 1. to beat or compress into a thin plate or sheet 2. to divide into thin layers
laminate : divide ::
lampoon [læmpúːn] n. 풍자 1. a broad satirical piece that uses ridicule to attack a
person, a group, or an institute 2. a light, good-humored satire
panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize panegyric 칭찬하는 말/글; 찬사 a formal eulogistic composition
intended as a public compliment satire : lampoon :: diligence : effort paean ↔ harshly lampoon paean [pí:ən] 찬가, 승리의 노래
landfill [lǽndfìl] n. 쓰레기 매립지 cistern : liquids :: landfill : refuse cistern 탱크, 물통; 저수지
landlord [lǽndlɔ ːrd] n. 여관 주인, 경영자 1. a person who owns and rents land, buildings, or dwelling
units 2. a man who runs a rooming house or an inn; an innkeeper
landmark [lǽndm :rk] n. 경계표; 획기적인 사건 1. a prominent identifying feature of a landscape 2. a fixed marker, such as a concrete block, that indicates a
boundary line 3. an event marking an important stage of development or
a turning point in history 4. a building or site that has historical significance,
especially one that is marked for preservation by a municipal or national government
hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous seclude 은퇴시키다, 고립시키다 to set or keep apart, as from social
contact with others
landslide [lǽndslàid] n. 산사태; (선거 등에서의) 승리 1. a. the downward sliding of a relatively dry mass of earth
and rock b. the mass that slides 2. a. an overwhelming majority of votes for a political party
or candidate b. an election that sweeps a party or candidate into office 3. a great victory
droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide landslide ↔ debacle debacle 파괴, 붕괴; 실패
lane [lein] n. 좁은 길; 항로, 차선 1. a. a narrow country road b. a narrow way or passage between walls, hedges, or
fences 2. a narrow passage, course, or track, especially: a. a prescribed course for ships or aircraft b. a strip delineated on a street or highway to accomodate
a single line of vehicles
languid [lǽŋgwid] a. (허약 ,피로 등으로) 나른한; 열의 없는 : WEAK
1. lacking energy or vitality; weak 2. showing little or no spirit or animation; listless 3. lacking vigor or force; slow
languid : energy :: desultory : plan desultory 종잡을 수 없는, 막연한; 엉뚱한
languid ↔ effervescent, energetic, vivacious, vehement vivacious 생기 넘치는, 활발한 full of animation and spirit; lively vehement 열정적인; 격렬한
languish [lǽŋgwiʃ] v. 시들다; 비참하게 살다 n. 기운이 없는 상태, 쇠약
1. to be or become weak or feeble; lose strength or vigor 2. to exist or continue in miserable or disheartening
conditions 3. to remain unattended or be neglected 4. to become downcast; pine 5. to affect a wistful or languid air, especially in order to gain
sympathy languish : vitality :: depreciate : value languish ↔ effervesce, thrive thrive 번영하다, 성공하다
languor [lǽŋgəːr] n. 쇠약; 무기력, 권태; 무관심 1. lack of physical or mental energy; listlessness 2. a dreamy, lazy mood or quality 3. oppressive quiet or stillness
languor ↔ alacrity, thriveness
lank [læŋk] a. 호리호리한 : SLENDER, THIN 1. long and lean 2. long, straight, and limp
lank, slender, slim, spindly ↔ stalwart stalwart 건장한, 힘센; 굳건한, 확고한
lanky ↔ squat
lapse [læps] n. (시간의) 경과; 사소한 실수; 전락, 쇠퇴 : a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention 1. the act or an instance of lapsing, as: a. a usually minor or temporary failure; a slip b. a deterioration or decline c. a moral fall 2. a break in continuity; a pause 3. a period of time; an interval
lapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality :: misdemeanor : crime (A << B)
inkling : indication :: lapse : error (A << B) misdemeanor 버릇없음, 나쁜 행실 a misdeed inkling 암시 a slight hint or indication
larder [lɑ ːrdəːr] n. 식료품 저장실 : PANTRY 1. a place, such as a pantry or cellar, where food is stored 2. a supply of food
larder : food :: wardrobe : clothes :: reservoir :: water larder : provisions :: vault : valuables :: reservoir : water vault 아치형 지붕; 보관실, 금고
larder : food :: armory : munitions munition (보통 -s) 군수품, 군용품; 자재, 자금
largesse, largess [lɑːrdʒés, lɑ ːrdʒis] n. 아낌없이 줌, 후함 1. a. liberality in bestowing gifts, especially in a lofty or condescending manner b. money or gifts bestowed 2. generosity of spirit or attitude
largesse ↔ parsimony, penuriousness, stinginess, miserliness penuriousness 몹시 인색함 / 몹시 가난함
larval [lɑ :rvəl] a. 유충의, 유생의 모양을 한; (병이) 잠재성인 mature : larva :: larval ↔ mature
lariat [lǽriət] n. 올가미, 밧줄 : LASSO lariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd wrangler 언쟁/말다툼하는 사람; 카우보이 crook 굽은 것, 갈고리; (양치기의) 손잡이가 굽은 지팡이, (주교 등
의) 홀(笏)
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lash [læʃ] v. 채찍으로 때리다, 몰아가다, 심하게 욕하다 (밧줄, 끈으로) 묶다, 매다 to secure or bind, as with a rope,
cord, or chain lash ↔ unbind
lassitude [lǽsitjùːd] n. 나른함, 귀찮음 : a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or
listlessness lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge (A하면 B하기 어렵다) arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir defer 경의를 표하다, 양보하다 to submit to the opinion, wishes, or
decision of another through respect or in recognition of his or her authority, knowledge, or judgment lassitude ↔ vim, animation, verve, vitality, ebullience, effervescence, a feeling of vigor, heartener, vigor, liveliness, fascination vim 정력, 활력, 원기 ebullient vitality and energy verve 활기, 기력
latent [léit-ənt] a. 잠복성의 : present or potential but not evident or active
latency : response :: incubation : disease (빅북문제임. A는 B가 내재되어 있는 상태)
latent ↔ manifest
lathe [leið] n. 금속을 갈고 도려내는 데 쓰는 공작기계 lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten
latitude [lǽtətjùːd] n. 위도; (행동, 사상 등의) 자유 1. a. the angular distance north or south of the earth's
equator, measured in degrees along a meridian, as on a map or globe
b. a region of the earth considered in relation to its distance from the equator
2. (astronomy) the angular distance of a celestial body north or south of the ecliptic
3. freedom from normal restraints, limitations, or regulations
latitude ↔ strict constraint, tight restraint, restraint, limitation
laudatory [lɔ ːdətɔ ːri / -t-əri] a. 칭찬/찬양하는 : expressing or conferring praise * laud v.t. ~을 찬양하다
counsel : advice :: laud : homage (EQUAL, 동 : 명) laud : admire :: lionize : admire :: vituperate : despise commendable, laudable ↔ execrable, dispicable, blameworthy, repugnant, unworthy, reprehensible execrable 혐오할, 미워할 reprehensible 야단맞아 쌀, 비난받아야 할, 괘씸한
pejorative, execrable ↔ laudatory, laudable pejorative 가치를 떨어뜨리는, 경멸적인 execrable 혐오할, 미워할
laud ↔ revile, blame, deprecate, malign revile 욕하다, 욕설하다 to assail with abusive language; vituperate
laud ↔ belittle laudable ↔ despicable, blameworthy, repugnant, unworthy, reprehensible
lavish [lǽviʃ] a. 후한; 풍부한, 넉넉한 v.t. 남에게 아낌없이 주다 adj. 1. characterized by or produced with extravagance and
profusion 2. immoderate in giving or bestowing; unstinting v.t. to give or bestow in abundance; shower: lavished
attention on his customers unstinting bestowed liberally
excoriate ↔ extol, praise lavishly excoriate 껍질을 벗기다; 호되게 비난하다 to censure strongly;
denounce lavish, prosperous ↔ mean, stint, penurious, austere, economical, parsimonious, impecunious, stark, thrifty stark 매우 간소한, 있는 그 로의
stint 절약하다, 아끼다 to restrict or limit, as in amount or number; be sparing with
impecunious 무일푼의, 백수건달의
lax [læks] a. 엄하지 않은, 느슨한, 애매한 1. lacking in rigor, strictness, or firmness 2. not taut, firm, or compact; slack 3. loose and not easily retained or controlled
lax ↔ taut, stringent, strict, careful, attentive, conscientious laxity ↔ intensification
layover [léiouvər] n. 도중하차 (stopover) layover : journey :: pause : action
layperson [léipərsn] n. 평신도, 문외한, 아마추어, 비전문가 (layman, laywomen)
1. a man who is not a cleric 2. a man who is a nonprofessional
layperson : expertise :: novice : experience
laze [leiz] v. 빈둥거리다, 게으름을 피우다 : to be lazy; loaf
laze ↔ travail travail n. 수고, 노고; 고통, 고민; 산고; v. 산고를 겪다, 고생하다
(toil)
leaden [lédn] a. (납처럼) 무거운, 활기 없는 1. made of or containing lead 2. a. heavy and inert b. listless; sluggish 3. lacking liveliness or sparkle; dull 4. downcast; depressed 5. dull, dark gray in color
leaden ↔ vivacious, buoyant, spirited, animated vivacious 생기 넘치는, 활발한 full of animation and spirit; lively
leakage [líːkidʒ] n. 누출, 누설 seal : leakage :: lubricate : abrasion
lean [li:n] a. 여윈, 살이 빠진 v. 몸을 구부리다, 기울어지다, 기울이다, 굽히다
lean ↔ fat lean ↔ straighten
leaning [lí:niŋ] a. 경사; 경향, 기호; 편애 : an inclination, a tendency, or a preference
leaning ↔ disinclination
leaven [lév-ən] v.t. 효모로 발효시키다; 서서히 변화시키다 1. an agent, such as yeast, that causes batter or dough to rise,
especially by fermentation 2. an element, influence, or agent that works subtly to
lighten, enliven, or modify a whole leaven : volume :: distill : purity
lectern [léktəːrn] n. 성서 , 독서 1. a reading desk with a slanted top holding the books from
which scriptural passages are read during a church service 2. a stand that serves as a support for the notes or books of a
speaker
ledger [lédʒəːr] n. 원장부 : a book in which the monetary transactions of a business are
posted in the form of debits and credits
leer [liəːr] 곁눈질하다, 흘겨보다 to look with a sidelong glance, indicative especially of sexual
desire or sly and malicious intent stare : leer :: peruse : smattering (A >> B) peruse 정독하다; 자세히 조사하다, 음미하다 to read or examine,
typically with great care
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leery [lí-əri] a. 의심 많은 : SUSPICIOUS, WARY : suspicious or distrustful
wary 조심하는, 신중한 leery ↔ showing no doubt, imprudent
legacy [légəsi] n. 유산, 유증 1. money or property bequeathed to another by will 2. something handed down from an ancestor or a
predecessor or from the past legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor legacy : predecessor :: endowment : patron
legend [lédʒ-ənd] n. 전설; 범례; 전설적 인물 : an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart
glossary : text :: legend : map legendary ↔ obscure legendary 전설의; 잘 알려진 extremely well known; famous or
renowned
legerdemain [lèdʒərdəméin] n. 요술, 마술, 날랜 손재주 / 속임수, 사기, 책략
magician : legerdemain :: acrobat : tumbling :: acrobat : gymnastics
legible [lédʒəb-əl] a. 읽을 수 있는; 읽기 쉬운, 명백한 : PLAIN 1. possible to read or decipher 2. plainly discernible; apparent
legible : decipher ::
legion [líːdʒ-ən] n. 다수 : a large number; a multitude
legion ↔ lack in number
lenient [líːniənt, -njənt] a. 너그러운 : inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or
indulgent martinet : leniency :: dabbler : dedication draconian ↔ lenient
lethal [líːθ-əl] a. 치명적인 : DEVASTATING 1. capable of causing death 2. of, relating to, or causing death 3. extremely harmful; devastating
disagreeable : hateful :: harmful : lethal (A << B)
lethargy [léθəːrdʒi] n. 무기력, 무감각; 혼수상태 1. a state of sluggishness, inactivity, and apathy 2. a state of unconsciousness resembling deep sleep * lethargic adj. 무기력한
antidote : poison :: tonic : lethargy lethargic : stimulate :: skeptical : convince (OPPOSITE) lethargy : energy :: intemperate : restraint (LACK) lethargy ↔ vigor, animation, alert, alertness, effervescence lethargic ↔ animated, energetic, ebullient, vigorous, invigorating
levee [lévi] n. 제방 levee : river :: cordon : crowd (A = B를 둘러 쌈) cordon 보초선, 비상선 a line of people, military posts, or ships
stationed around an area to enclose or guard it rampart : invasion :: levee : flood (A protect B) rampart 성벽; 방어물
padding : damage :: levee : flooding
levelheaded [lévː-əlhédid] a. 분별 있는 : SENSIBLE : characteristically self-composed and sensible levelheaded ↔ foolish
leverage [lév-əridʒ, líːv-] n. 지레 장치; 영향력 1. a. the action of a lever b. the mechanical advantage or a
lever 2. positional advantage; power to act effectively
publicity : attention :: leverage : advantage (EQUAL) leverage ↔ impuissance, lack of ability impuissance lack of power or effectiveness; weakness
leviathan [[livɑ iəθən]] n. 성서에 나오는 무지 큰 짐승, 홉스가 지은 정치철학론 책 이름, 전체주의 국가
1. Something unusually large of its kind, especially a ship. 2. A very large animal, especially a whale. 3. Bible. A monstrous sea creature mentioned in the Old
Testament. leviathan : massive :: juggernaut : inexorable :: phoenix : immortal phoenix 불사조
levity [lévəti] n. 경솔, 변덕 1. lightness of manner or speech, especially when
inappropriate; frivolity 2. inconstancy; changeableness 3. the state or quality of being light; buoyancy
levity ↔ gravity, seriousness
levy [lévi] v. 징수하다(collect), 할당하다(impose); 징집하다
(enroll); 시작하다, 선전포고하다 1. to impose or collect (a tax, for example) 2. to draft into military service 3. to declare and wage (a war)
levy, legislate ↔ rescind
lexicographer [lèksəkɑ grəfəːr / -kɔ g-] n. 사전 편찬자 cartographer : map :: lexicographer : dictionary :: weaver : cloth
liability [làiəbíləti] n. 책임, 부채 exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty exempt (의무, 책임 등을) 면제하다
asset ↔ liability liability ↔ immunity
liaison [líːəzɑ n, liːéizɑn / liːéizɔːŋ] n. 연락, 교섭; 간통 1. a. an instance or a means of communication between
different groups or units of an organization, especially in the armed forces b. one that maintains communication
2. a. a close relationship, connection, or link b. an adulterous relationship; an affair
libel [lɑ ibəl] v. 명예 훼손하다, 중상하다 n. 명예 훼손, 모욕 libel : criticize :: denounce : reject
liberal [líb-ərəl] a. 후한, 관 한; 풍부한 : OPENHANDED * liberality n. 마음이 후함, 관 함
nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality nefarious 사악한, 부정한, 무도한 infamous by way of being extremely
wicked psarsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen (OPPOSITE) liberal ↔ parsimonious, meager, enfettered meager 부족한, 빈약한; 결핍한; 여윈, 홀쭉해진
liberalist ↔ enfetterist liberality ↔ unkindness, stinginess, disservice, disapproval, intolerance, prejudice
liberate [líbərèit] v. 해방하다 : FREE : to set free, as from oppression, confinement, or foreign
control liberate ↔ shackle, fetter, deprive of freedom, impede
libertine [líbəːrtìːn] n. 방탕아, 난봉꾼; 자유사상가 1. one who acts without moral restraint; a dissolute person 2. one who defies established religious precepts; a
freethinker libertine : licentious :: caviler : carping cavil; to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections licentious [laisénʃəs] 음탕한, 부도덕한
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libertine : dissolute :: dupe : credulous :: sycophant : obsequious :: buffoon : ludicrous :: wag : humorous dissolute 방탕한, 무절제한 lacking moral restraint; indulging in
sensual pleasures or vices buffoon [bəfú:n] 어릿광 ; 익살꾼 wag (머리, 꼬리 등을) 흔들기; 익살꾼, 재치가 있는 사람
emotion : effusive :: liberty : licentious emotion : effusive :: manner : grandiose (DEFECTIVE) effusive 심정을 토로하는, 지나치게 감정적인; 뿜어 나오는, 넘쳐흐
르는 grandiose [grǽndiòus] 웅장한; 젠체하는, 거드름 피우는
libertine ↔ ascetic
liberty [líbəːrti] n. 자유 management ↔ unfettered liberty management 조작, 처리; 제어, 관리
libretto [librétou] n. 오페라 가사 libretto : opera :: lyrics : song
licentious [laisénʃəs] a. 음탕한, 부도덕한 1. lacking moral discipline or ignoring legal restraint,
especially in sexual conduct 2. having no regard for accepted rules or standards
caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious voluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness dissolute 방탕한, 무절제한 lacking moral restraint; indulging in
sensual pleasures or vices licentious ↔ morally restrained, virtuous, moral licentiousness ↔ moral restraint, restraint person
lien [liːn, liːən] n. 선취 특권 : the right to take and hold or sell the property of a debtor
as security or payment for a debt or duty lien : claim :: subpoena : command subpoena [səbpí:nə] 소환장
lighthearted [lɑ ithɑ :rtid] adj. 근심(고생)이 없는, 태평한, 마음편한, 쾌활(명랑)한
lighthearted ↔ morose, careworn lightheartedness ↔ solemnity, sobriety, graveness
liken [láikən] v.t. 견주다 : COMPARE : to see, mention, or show as similar; compare
liken : similarity :: discriminate : difference liken ↔ contrast, controvert, differentiate, discriminate
limber [límbər] a. 유연한 : FLEXIBLE, PLIABLE 1. bending or flexing readily; pliable 2. capable of moving, bending, or contorting easily; supple
limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty spindly 호리호리하고 가냘픈 slender and elongated, especially in a
way that suggests weakness
limelight n. 라임라이트 (빛), 세상의 이목을 초래하는 것(입장) 1. a focus of public attention 2. a. an early type of stage light in which lime was heated
to incandescence producing brilliant illumination b. The brilliant white light so produced. In this sense, also
called calcium light limelight ↔ obscurity, anonymity obscurity 이름없는 사람, 중요하지 않은 사람(것)
limerick [límərik] n. 5행시 farce : performance :: limerick : poem farce 소극(笑劇)
limerick : poem :: lampoon : satire (A ∈ B) lampoon 풍자 (문학)
limousine [líməzìːn, --- ] n. 리무진
mansion : residence :: limousine : automobile
limp [limp] a. 축 늘어진, 활기 없는 SPIRITLESS 1. to walk lamely, especially with irregularity, as if favoring
one leg 2. to move or proceed haltingly or unsteadily
limp : walk :: stutter : talk stutter 더듬다, 더듬거리며 말하다
limp ↔ firm
limpid [límpid] a. 맑은, 투명한, 고요한 : PELLUCID 1. characterized by transparent clearness; pellucid 2. easily intelligible; clear 3. calm and untroubled; serene
clear, pellucid, limpid ↔ murky, unclear, nebulous, turbid, obscure, opaque nebulous 흐린, 구름 같은; 막연한, 불투명한 murky 어두운, 흐린; 애매한
linen [línin] n. 아마포, 린네르; (집합적) 린네르 제품 : thread or cloth spun from flax
clay : porcelain :: flax : linen flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric :: tin : metal flannel 플란넬 [양모나 양모 혼방의 천, 또는 그 천으로 만든 옷]
linger [líŋgəriŋ] 꾸물거리다, 질질 끌다; 근근이 목숨을 이어가다 1. to be slow in leaving, especially out of reluctance; tarry 2. to remain feebly alive for some time before dying 3. to persist 4. to proceed slowly; saunter 5. to be tardy in acting; procrastinate
lingering ↔ fleeting
linoleum [linóuliəm] n. 마루판 varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum
lint [lint] n. 린트; 붕 용 천 lint : bleeding :: brake : motion lint : covering :: tarpaulin : garment tarpaulin 방수 시트; 방수용 외투
lionize [lɑ iən`aiz] v. 치켜세우다 : to look on or treat (a person) as a celebrity
lionize ↔ denigrate, subjugate, disparage, slight, trivialize, mock, condemn, disgrace
lissome [lísəm] a. 나긋나긋한, 유연한; 민첩한, 날렵한 1. easily bent; supple 2. having the ability to move with ease; limber
lissome : lithe :: (EQUAL) lithe [laið] 나긋나긋한, 유연한
lissome ↔ ungainly, sordid ungainly 보기 흉한, 볼품없는, 어색한; 다루기 힘든
list [list] n. 기욺 : an inclination to one side, as of a ship; a tilt
list ↔ upright
lithe [laið] a. 유연한, 우아한 1. readily bent; supple 2. marked by effortless grace
lithe ↔ awkward, inelastic, stiff, oafish, ponderous
livid [lívid] a. 멍이 든; 창백한; 격노한 1. discolored, as from a bruise; black-and-blue 2. ashen or pallid 3. extremely angry; furious
livid : angry :: despondent : discouraged (A >> B)
loath [louθ] a. 싫은, 꺼림칙한 : unwilling or reluctant; disinclined
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loath ↔ amusing, amusive, amusable, eager
loathe [louθ] 몹시 싫어하다 : to dislike (someone or something) greatly; abhor
castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislike (A >> B) castigate 응징하다; 혹평하다 to inflict severe punishment on; to
criticize severely dislike : loathing :: pleasure : bliss loathe ↔ amuse
loathsome [lóuðsəm] a. 지긋지긋한, 욕지기나는(nauseating) : arousing loathing; abhorrent
loathsome ↔ delectable delectable 기분 좋은, 유쾌한
lode [loud] n. 광맥; 원천 : a rich source or supply
shaft : lode :: well : aquifer (A는 B로 들어가는 통로) shaft [채광] 수갱 aquifer [ǽkwəfər] 수층 [지하수를 내장한 침투성 지층]
lofty [lɔ ːfti / lɔ fti] a. 우뚝 솟은; 고귀한, 위엄 있는; 거만한, 오만한 SUPERIOR 1. of imposing height 2. elevated in character; exalted 3. affecting grandness; pompous 4. arrogant; haughty
lofty : respect lofty ↔ mean, casting down, ignominious, ignoble, sordid, obsequious ignominious [ìgnəmíniəs] 창피한; 경멸할 만한 sordid 누추한(dirty, squalid); 천박한, 야비한
log n. 항해 일지, 여행 일기 v. 항해 일지에 기입하다 ship : log ::
loll [lɑl / lɔl] v. 빈둥거리다, 맥없이 앉다/기 다 1. to move, stand, or recline in an indolent or relaxed
manner 2. to hang or droop laxly
loll ↔ move vigorously
longevity [landʒévəti] n. 장수; 장기근속; 고참, 연상
(seniority) 1. a. long life; great duration of life b. length or duration of life 2. long duration or continuance, as in an occupation
longevity ↔ brief duration
longing [lɔ (ː)ŋiŋ, lɑ ŋ-] n. 갈망 : a strong persistent yearning or desire, especially one that
cannot be fulfilled longing : pine :: remorse : rue (EQUAL, 명 : 동) rue 뉘우치다, 후회하다 to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for
lopsided [lɑ psáidid / lɔ p-] a.한쪽으로 기운; 균형이 잡히지 않은 1. heavier, larger, or higher on one side than on the other 2. sagging or leaning to one side
lopsided ↔ evenhanded
loquacious [loukwéiʃəs] a. 수다스런 : very talkative; garrulous
loquacious : word :: profligate : money profligate 방탕한, 품행이 나쁜; 낭비가 심한
loquacious : talkative :: rash : adventurous :: reckless : adventurous :: cloying : sweet (A >> B) cloy 넌덜나게 하다
loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly (OPPOSITE) garrulous, loquacious : words :: prodigal, profligate : money flattery : praise :: loquacious : talkativeness (A >> B) loquacious ↔ taciturn, laconic, reticent, restrained, diffuse reticent 과묵한, 말이 적은; 삼가는, 억제된
loquacity ↔ disinclination to speak, reluctance to speak, reticence
lottery [lɑ təri / lɔ t-] 복권 1. (game) a contest in which tokens are distributed or sold,
the winning token or tokens being secretly predetermined or ultimately selected in a random drawing
2. a selection made by lot from a number of applicants or competitors
3. an activity or event regarded as having an outcome depending on fate
lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission (로또복권은 추첨 방식, 표는 입장 방식) raffle 사람들이 복권을 사서 추첨해서 당첨되는 방식의 복권 a
lottery in which a number of persons buy chances to win a prize
lounge 빈둥거리다, 어슬렁거리다 1. to move or act in a lazy, relaxed way; loll 2. to pass time idly
lour [lauər] v. 험악해지다, 얼굴을 찌푸리다 : to look sullen : FROWN
loutish [láutiʃ] a. 버릇없는; 촌스러운 : having the characteristics of a lout; awkward, stupid, and
boorish lout 무지렁이, 촌놈 a person regarded as awkward and stupid; an oaf
loutish : grace :: coltish : discipline coltish 미숙한; 장난꾸러기인
genteel ↔ loutish, vulgar genteel 상류사회의, 품위 있는, 우아한
loyal [lɔ iəl] a. 충성스러운; 성실한; 정직한, 고결한 exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty (OPPOSITE) perfidious 배신하는, 속이는 treacherous
snub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty snub 경멸하다, 타박주다; 좌절시키다; 비벼 끄다
lubricate [lúːbrikèit] v. 기름을 치다; 미끄럽게 하다 1. to apply a lubricant to 2. to make slippery or smooth
oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect lubricate : abrasion :: seal : leakage (A prevent B)
lucid [lúːsid] a. 명쾌한, 이해하기 쉬운; 투명한 1. easily understood; intelligible 2. mentally sound; sane or rational 3. translucent or transparent
lucid : perceive :: transparent : understand :: prominent : notice lucid ↔ murky, vague, obfuscated
lucubrate [lu :kjəbreit] v. 부지런히 일하다, 열심히 공부하다 : to write in a scholarly fashion; produce scholarship
lucubration [lúːkjubréiʃən] n. 부단한 연구 : laborious study or meditation
lucubration ↔ cursory consideration cursory 겉핥기의, 엉성한, 서두르는 performed with haste and scant
attention to detail
lug [lʌg] v. (무거운 것을) 질질 끌다 1. to drag or haul (an object) laboriously 2. to pull or drag with short jerks 3. to cause (an engine, for example) to run poorly or hesitate
haul 잡아끌다, 운반하다
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lug : carry :: trudge : walk trudge 무거운 발걸음으로 걷다 to walk in a laborious, heavy-footed
way; plod
lugubrious [luːgjúːbriəs] a. (특히 과장되게) 슬퍼하는 : mournful, dismal, or gloomy, especially to an exaggerated
degree lugubrious ↔ cheerful, jovial, facetious, sunny, merry, exultant, uplifting facetious 진지하지 않은, 익살맞은; 까부는, 경박한 humorous
lugubriousness ↔ cheerfulness
lukewarm [lú:kwɔ :rm] a. 미온의, 미지근한; 열의 없는, 무관심한, 개의치 않는
1. mildly warm; tepid 2. lacking conviction or enthusiasm; indifferent
lull [lʌl] v. 달래다, 어르다, 진정시키다 : SOOTHE n. 일시적 잠잠함, 진정된 상태, 중단
1. to cause to sleep or rest; soothe or calm 2. to deceive into trustfulness
lull ↔ hectic period, fastest period hectic 매우 흥분한, 떠들썩한 characterized by intense activity,
confusion, or haste lull ↔ intense discussion lull ↔ revive, startle, gall, galvanize, increase activity, vehemence, vigilance
lullaby [lʌ ləbài] n. 자장가; 기분을 달래주는 노래 lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse
lumber [lʌ mbər] v. 벌채하다; (탱크 등이) 요란스럽게 움직이다 1. to walk or move wit heavy clumsiness 2. to move with a rumbling noise
lumber : grace :: waver : resolution (LACK) lumber ↔ glide
lumen [lu :mən] n. 루멘 [광속의 국제단위] lumen : light :: decibel : sound :: volt : electricity :: watt : power
luminary [lúːmənèri/-nəri] n. 발광체; 선각자, 지도자; 유명인 1. an object, such as a celestial body, that gives light 2. a person who is an inspiration to others 3. a person who has achieved eminence in a specific field
master, maven : experience :: luminary : eminence maven 박식한 사람
luminary ↔ nonentity, nobody, ordinary person
lung [lʌŋ] n. 폐 lung : respire :: tooth : masticate masticate 씹다(chew)
lurch [ləːrtʃ] v. 비틀거리다 : to stagger; to roll or pitch suddenly or erratically
lurch ↔ progress smoothly
lurid [ljú(:)ərid] adj. 무시무시한, 비극적인 lurid : terrify ::
lurk [ləːrk] v. 잠복하다; 잠행하다; 잠재하다 : SKULK, SNEAK, SLINK
1. to lie in wait, as in ambush 2. to move furtively; sneak 3. to exist unobserved or unsuspected
lurk : wait :: abscond : depart :: hoard : save (A는 B를 몰래 하는 것) lurk : concealment :: purloin : appropriation lurk ↔ reveal, disclose, divulge, let out, tell, uncover
lush [lʌʃ] a. 파릇파릇한, 무성한 1. a. having or characterized by luxuriant vegetation b. abundant; plentiful c. extremely productive; thriving
2. a. luxurious; opulent b. extremely pleasing to the senses c. voluptuous or sensual 3. overelaborate or extravagant
lush ↔ withered, sere sere 시든, 말라빠진
lustrous [lʌ strəs] a. 번쩍이는; 훌륭한, 찬란한; 매력적인 1. having a sheen or glow 2. gleaming with or as if with brilliant light; radiant
numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous lustrous : polish :: pure : refine
luxuriant [lʌgʒúəriənt, lʌkʃúər-] a. 무성한, 울창한; 풍부한; 공들인, 사치스러운 1. a. characterized by rich or profuse growth b. producing or yielding in abundance 2. excessively florid or elaborate 3. marked by or displaying luxury; luxurious
ascetic : luxury :: teetotaler : alcohol teetotaler one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages
luxuriant ↔ spartan, meager (inexpensive는 오답)
luxurious [lʌgʒú:riəs] a. 사치스러운, 고급의, 일류의(splendid); 관능적인; 풍부한(opulent); 화려한(florid), 지나치게 꾸민
1. fond of or given to luxury 2. marked by or contributing to luxury 3. of a sumptuous, costly or rich variety
sumptuous 값진, 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운 luxurious ↔ simple, austere, poor, worthless, unrefined
lyric [lírik] a. 서정시의; 서정적인 lyric : poem :: ballad : song :: comedian : actor
M macabre [məkɑ ːbr-ə] a. 으스스한, 소름끼치는
1. suggesting the horror of death and decay; gruesome 2. constituting or including a representation of death
macabre : shudder :: hilarious : laugh shudder 몸서리치다, 부들부들 떨다
macabre ↔ jocund
macerate [mǽsərèit] v. (물로) 부드럽게 하다 : to make soft by soaking or steeping in a liquid
macerate ↔ harden by drying
machination [mǽkənéi∫ən] n. 모의, 책동, 음모, 모략 1. the act of plotting 2. a crafty scheme or cunning design for the accomplishment
of a sinister end; conspiracy reminiscence : recollect :: machination : plot
maculate [mǽkjəlèit] v. adj. 반점을 찍다, 더럽히다, 반점 있는, 더러워진
: to spot, blemish , or pollute maculated ↔ unspotted maculate ↔ pristine maculate ↔ purify
madcap [mǽdkæp] a. 무모한, 무분별한 n. 무모한 사람 madcap ↔ sober, thoughtful 신중한
maelstrom [méilstrəm] n. 소용돌이; 혼란 1. a violent or turbulent situation 2. a whirlpool of extraordinary size or violence
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maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory
magnanimity [mæ gnəníməti] n. 도량이 큼, 관 함, 아량이 큼 magnanimity ↔ grudge grudge 원한, 악의 a deep-seated feeling of resentment or rancor
magnanimous [mægnǽnəməs] a. 배포가 큰; 고결한 1. courageously noble in mind and heart 도량이 큰, 배포가
큰 2. generous in forgiving; eschewing resentment or revenge;
unselfish 고결한 magnanimous ↔ mean, selfish, unkind
magnificent [mægnífəsənt] a.고결한,웅장한,비길 데 없는,위 한 1. splendid in appearance; grand 2. grand or noble in thought or deed; exalted 3. outstanding of its kind; superlative
magnificent ↔ base
magniloquent [mægníłəkwənt] adj. (말, 문체 등이) 뽐내는, 과장된, 호언장담하는, 허풍떠는
* magniloquence n. 호언장담 magniloquent ↔ humble, understated, plain
maladroit [mæ lədrɔ it] a. 솜씨 없는 : INEPT : marked by a lack of adroitness; inept
maladroit : skill :: glib : profundity maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse voluble 입심 좋은 marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent
complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit (OPPOSITE) maladroit ↔ deft, dextrous, skillful, graceful maladroitness ↔ grace
malady [mǽledi] n. 질병, 병 malady ↔ healthy condition, haleness, benefit, advantage, wellness
malaise [mæléiz, mə-] n. 불편한 상태; 초조, 불쾌감 1. a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, as at the beginning
of an illness 2. a general sense of depression or unease
malaise ↔ cheerful feeling, health, well-being, power, strength, vigor, comfort, pleasure
malcontent [mæ lkəntént] a. 불만 있는/품은 : DISCONTENTED dissatisfied with existing conditions
dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain dilatory 꾸물거리는, 더딘 intended to delay procrastinate 미루다 to put off doing something, especially out of
habitual carelessness or laziness daredevil : ? :: malcontent : dissatisfaction daredevil 앞뒤를 헤아리지 않는, 저돌적인 recklessly bold
sycophant : fawn :: malcontent : complain
malicious [məlíʃəs] a. 악의적인 : having the nature of or resulting from malice; deliberately
harmful; spiteful malicious : ill-will :: exaggerating : hyperbole :: diligent : effort expansive ↔ malicious expansive 팽창성이 있는; 범위가 넓은; 너그러운, 범한
malfunction [mælfʌ ŋkʃ-ən] n. 기능 장애 : failure to function; faulty or abnormal functioning
fail-safe : malfunction :: fail-safe (고장에 비한) 안전장치의
malign [məláin] a. 악의있는 v. 욕설을 하다, 해를 끼치다 : to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statements about
malign : ill will :: diligent : effort extol, laud ↔ malign
malinger [məlíŋgəːr] v. 꾀병을 부리다
: to feign illness or other incapacity so as to avoid duty or work
malinger : ail :: flatter : appreciate (DEFECTIVE) ail 앓다, 병들다 to feel ill or have pain
parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk skimp 충 보다; 인색하게 굴다 shirk (일, 책임 등을) 회피하다 to avoid or neglect (a duty or
responsibility) hoard : miser :: malinger : shirker malinger : work :: shirk : duty malinger : duty :: camouflage, dissemble : detection :: recluse : humanity(BigBook13-4)
malleable [mǽliəb-əl] a. (금속 등을) 벼릴 수 있는; 유순한 1. capable of being shaped or formed, as by hammering or
pressure 2. easily controlled or influenced; tractable 3. able to adjust to changing circumstances; adaptable
friable : crumble :: malleable : alter friable 깨지기 쉬운 readily crumbled; brittle
knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable knead 반죽하다, 섞어서 이기다
malleable : shape :: irresolute : opinion malleable : flexible :: (A=B) malleable ↔ hard to shape
malodorous [mælóudərəs] a. 악취가 나는 : having a bad odor; foul
malodorous : smell :: cacophonous : sound :: jarring : sound cacophony : sound :: malodor : scent
manacle [mǽnəkl] n. 수갑 : fetter : a shackle for the hand or wrist : HANDCUFF
management [mǽnidʒmənt] n. 경영 수완, 통제 management ↔ ineffectiveness, unfettered liberty manageable ↔ intractable, incorrigible
mandatory [mǽndətɔ ːri / -t-əri] a. 의무적인 : OBLIGATORY 1. required or commanded by authority; obligatory 2. of, having the nature of, or containing a mandate
mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain discretionary ↔ mandatory discretionary 자유재량의 left to or regulated by one's own discretion or
judgment
maneuver [mənú:vər] vi. (군 , 함 등을) 이동시키다; 책략으로 움직이다/조종하다, 교묘히 조종하다
1. to carry out a military or naval maneuver 2. to make a controlled series of changes in movement or
direction toward an objective 3. to shift ground; change tactics 4. to use stratagems in gaining an end
maneuverable [mənúːv-ərəb-əl] a.조종할 수 있는; 다루기 쉬운 maneuverable ↔ intractable
mangle [mǽŋg-əl] v. 난도질하다, 엉망으로 만들다 1. to mutilate or disfigure by battering, hacking, cutting, or
tearing 2. to ruin or spoil through ineptitude or ignorance
mutilate v.t. 절단하다, 불완전하게 하다 mangle ↔ praise extravagantly
mangy [méindʒi] a. 옴이 걸린; 초라한, 비열한 1. affected with, caused by, or resembling mange 2. having many worn spots; shabby 3. rundown and filthy; squalid 4. mean; contemptible
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mangy ↔ sleek, decorous sleek 매끈매끈한, 윤기 가는; 영양 상태가 좋은; 온화한
maniac [mǽnik, méi-] a. 광란의, 미친, 광적인 1. suggestive of or afflicted with insanity: a maniacal
frenzy 2. characterized by excessive enthusiasm or excitement: a
maniacal interest in gambling hidebound : conservative :: maniac : interested, excited (A >> B) hidebound 편협한, 몹시 보수적인 stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-
minded, or inflexible enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia (A << B) paranoia 망상증, 편집증
mania : enthusiasm :: doting : fondness
manifest [mǽnəfèst] n. 적하목록 a. 명백한, 분명한 1. a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo for a vehicle
(as a ship or plane) 2. an invoice of goods carried on a truck or train 3. a list of railroad cars according to owner and location
manifest : cargo :: inventory : merchandise 형용사일 때: clearly apparent to the sight or understanding; obvious
manifest : perceive :: brittle : break :: transparent : understand audible : stentorian :: discernible : manifest (A << B) manifest ↔ latent, occult, inapparent, obscure, implicit, indiscernable
manipulate [mənípjəlèit] v. 잘 다루다, 속이다 1. to operate or control by skilled use of the hands; handle 2. to influence or manage shrewdly or deviously 3. to tamper with or falsify for personal gain
dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict prescience 예지, 통찰, 선견(foresight)
manipulative ↔ guileless
mannered [mǽnə:rd] 1. having manners of a specific kind 2. a. having or showing a certain manner b. artificial or
affected 3. of, relating to, or exhibiting mannerisms
mannered ↔ natural
mansion [mǽnʃ-ən] n. 고급주택, 저택 mansion : residence :: limousine : automobile
manumit [mæ njəmít] v. 해방하다 : to free from slavery or bondage; emancipate
emancipate; to free from bondage, oppression, or restraint; liberate * manumission n.
manumit ↔ enslave, detain detain 지체하게 하다; 구류하다 to keep from proceeding; delay or
retard manumission ↔ enslavement
manuscript [mǽnjəskrìpt] n. 손으로 쓴 책/문서/편지; 사본, 필사본; 원고
edit : manuscript :: archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon arsenal [á:rsənəl] 무기고, 군수 공장
mar [mɑːr] v. 망쳐놓다 1. to inflict damage, especially disfiguring damage, on 2. to impair the soundness, perfection, or integrity of; spoil
burnish : dull :: mar : flawless burnish 닦다, 갈다; 광을 내다
mar ↔ enhance
march [ma:rt∫] 1. a. to walk steadily and rhythmically forward in step with
others
b. to begin to move in such a manner 2. a. to proceed directly and purposefully b. to progress steadily onward; advance 3. to be arranged in an orderly fashion that suggests steady,
rhythmical progression 4. to participate in an organized walk, as for a public cause
march ↔ boggle boggle 깜짝 놀라다, 멈칫하다; 얼렁뚱땅 하다
marginal [mɑ ːrdʒən-əl] a. 가장자리의; 여백의, 난외의; 불충분한 1. of, relating to, located at, or constituting a margin, a
border, or an edge 2. being adjacent geographically 3. written or printed in the margin of a book 4. barely within a lower standard or limit of quality
marginal ↔ pivotal
marsh [ma:r∫] n. 습지, 늪 an area of soft, wet, low-lying land, characterized by grassy
vegetation and often forming a transition zone between water and land
marsh : sodden :: desert : arid sodden 흠뻑 젖은 thoroughly soaked; saturated arid 습기가 없는; 상상력이 없는, 무미건조한
marshy ↔ arid
marshal [mɑ ːrʃ-əl] v. 정리하다, n. 군 사령관 : to place in proper rank or position : a high official in the household of a medieval king, prince, or
noble originally having charge of the cavalry but later usually in command of the military forces
marshal ↔ jumble
marshy [mɑ ːrʃi] a. 습지의; 습한; 늪에 나는 marshy ↔ arid
marsupial [mɑːrsúːpiəl / -sjúː-] n. 유 동물 kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent rodent 설치 동물
martial [mɑ ːrʃ-əl] a. 호전적인, 용감한; 전쟁의 1. of, relating to, or suggestive of war 2. relating to or connected with the armed forces or the
profession of arms 3. characteristic of or befitting a warrior
martial : military :: runic : mysterious runic 룬 문자의; 신비적인 뜻을 지닌 rune 룬 문자; 신비적인 금언, 주문 martial ↔ peaceful, pacific
martinet [mɑ ːrt-ənét, - -- ] n. 규율에 엄격한 사람 1. a rigid military disciplinarian 2. one who demands absolute adherence to forms and rules
martinet : discipline :: pedant : learning (gourmet : food, hack : writing은 모두 오답) 15.PEDANT::LEARNING (0706 PBT) (A) illusionist: misdirection (B) dilettante: commitment (C) renegade: allegiance (D) martinet: discipline (E) hack: writing
stickler : exacting :: martinet : discipline martinet : leniency :: dabbler : dedication (hypocrite : ingenuity는 오답) leniency 관 함, 자비, 관용 lenient; inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or
indulgent indulgent 관 한, 너그럽게 봐주는, 무른 = lenient
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martinet : rigorous :: dilettante :: superficial martinet : strict :: martinet ↔ indulgent person
marvel [mɑ ːrv-əl] n. 경이로움, 놀라운 것 v. 놀라다 1. one that evokes surprise, admiration, or wonder 2. strong surprise; astonishment * marvelous; of the highest or best kind or quality; first-
rate marvel : quotidian :: quotidian a. 매일의, 평범한, n. 매일 일어나는 일 marvel ↔ mean, indifference, calmness, triviality marvelous ↔ mean mean Ignoble; base: a mean motive, Low in quality or grade; inferior. Low in value or amount; paltry; Common or poor in appearance; shabby
pedestrian ↔ marvelous pedestrian 평범한, 시시한
masquerade [mæ skəréid] v. ∼인 체하다, 거짓 꾸미다; 가장 무도회에 참가하다 1. a costume party at which masks are won; a masked ball
b. a costume for such a party or ball 2. a. a disguise or false outward show; a pretense b. an
involved scheme; a charade charade [ʃəréid] 제스처 게임; (쉽게 드러나는) 속임수
dissemble : information :: masquerade : feeling dissemble 속이다, 가장하다
massive [mǽsiv] a. 체격이 큰, 크고 무거운; 억센 1. consisting of or making up a large mass; bulky, heavy,
and solid 2. large or imposing, as in quantity, scope, degree, intensity,
or scale 3. large in comparison with the usual amount
massive ↔ slight
master [mǽstəːr,mɑ ːstəːr] n. 정통한 사람 master : experience :: luminary : eminence luminary 발광체; 권위자, 선각자 eminence 고귀, 탁월함 a position of great distinction or superiority
masterful [mǽstə:rfəl, má:s-] a. 주인티 내는, 제멋 로의; 가의, 훌륭한
1. given to playing the master; imperious or domineering 2. fit to command 3. revealing mastery or skill; expert
masterful ↔ inept inept 능력이 없는, 서투른; 어리석은
masticate [mǽstəkèit] v. 씹다, 곤죽으로 만들다 1. to chew (food) 2. to grind and knead (rubber, for example) into a pulp
lung : respire :: tooth : masticate (eye : envision, ear : resonate 관계는 모두 오답)
envision 상상하다, 마음에 그리다 to picture in the mind; imagine resonate 울려 퍼지다, 공명하다
matchless [mǽtʃlis] a. 상 가 없는 : PEERLESS : having no match or equal; unsurpassed
matchless ↔ equal
matriculate [mətríkjəlèit]/[mətríkjəlit] v. 입학하다 : to admit or be admitted into a group, especially a college
or university inauguration : official :: matriculation : student inauguration 취임(식); 개업식; 개시
inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation (OPPOSITE) inception 처음, 시초, 개시 the beginning of something, such as an
undertaking; a commencement
ommencement ↔ matriculation commencement 시작, 개시, 시초; 학위 수여식
matter-of-fact [mætərəvfǽkt] adj. 실제적인, 사실 로의, 멋없는, 평범한
matter-of-fact ↔ emotional, enthusiastic, fervid, gentle, polite matter-of-fact ↔ vague, inaccurate
mattress [mǽtris] n. 매트리스 tablecloth : table :: sheet : mattress
maturity [mətjú(:)ərəti] n. 성숙, 원숙 aimless : purpose :: childish : maturity (A에는 B가 없는)
maudlin [mɔ ːdlin] a. 눈물이 헤픈, 감상적인 : effusively or tearfully sentimental
maudlin : sentimental :: obsequious: deferential (A >> B) maudlin : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship maudlin ↔ unsentimental, jovial
maven [méivən] n. 박식한 사람 : a person who has special knowledge or experience; an
expert maven : experience :: luminary : eminence (HAVE) (augur : prediction 관계는 ‘DO’ 관계이므로 오답)
maverick [mǽv-ərik] n. 낙인 없는 송아지; 비주류, 독불 장군 : one that refuses to abide by the dictates of or resists
adherence to a group; a dissenter dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group dissent 의견을 달리하다 to differ in opinion or feeling; to withhold
assent or approval maverick : conformity :: extrovert : reserve maverick ↔ follower, conformist, member
mawkish [mɔ ːkiʃ] a. 몹시 감상적인; 맛이 없는 excessively and objectionably sentimental; sickening or insipid in taste mawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship mawkish : sentimental :: stodgy : conservative :: foolhardy : adventurous :: gullible : trusting (A >> B) (peeved : annoyed 관계는 오답 (EQUAL)) stodgy 답답한, 재미없는; 케케묵은, 구식의 peeve; to cause to be annoyed or resentful
mawkish ↔ unsentimental, hard-boiled, austere, dry, unsentimental hard-boiled 무정한, 감상적이 아닌, 현실적인 callous, unfeeling
meadow [médou] n. 목초지/초원 : land in or predominantly in grass; especially : a tract of
moist low-lying usually level grassland meadow : grass :: forest : tree
meager [míːgəːr] a. 빈약한, 부족한 1. deficient in quantity, fullness, or extent; scanty 2. deficient in richness, fertility, or vigor; feeble 3. having little flesh; lean
amplitude ↔ meagerness liberal ↔ meager meager ↔ luxurious, luxuriant
mean [miːn] a. 하찮은, 초라한; 인색한 1. a. selfish in a petty way; unkind b. cruel, spiteful, or
malicious 2. ignoble; base 3. miserly; stingy 4. a. low in quality or grade; inferior ㄴb. low in value or
amount; paltry 5. common or poor in appearance; shabby 6. low in social status; of humble origins 7. humiliated or ashamed 8. in poor physical condition; sick or debilitated
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9. extremely unpleasant or disagreeable mean : largesse :: (OPPOSITE) mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance meek 온순한, 온화한; 패기 없는
noble, lavish ↔ mean
meander [miǽndəːr] v. 우회하다, 정처 없이 다니다 1. to follow a winding and turning course 2. to move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction
waft : plummet :: meander : dash (OPPOSITE) waft 떠돌다, 가볍게 던지다
meander ↔ move purposively dash ↔ meander
measly [míːzli] a. 보잘것없는 : contemptibly small
measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly puny 왜소한, 연약한, 보잘것없는 of inferior size, strength, or
significance; weak measly ↔ grand, prodigious
measured [méʒəːrd] a. 정확히 조정된, 균형 잡힌; 정연한; 신중한, 숙고한 : DELIBERATE 1. determined by measurement 2. careful; restrained 3. calculated; deliberate 4. regular in rhythm and number 5. slow and stately 6. written in meter(운율) * measure * measurable = mensurable
measure : dimensions :: analyze : nature mensurable : measure :: ameliorable : improve measured ↔ reckless, inappropriate, irregular, extreme, unreasonable, erratic
measurable ↔ unfathomable
mechanical [məkǽnikəl] 1. of or relating to machines or tools 2. operated or produced by a mechanism or machine 3. of, relating to, or governed by mechanics 4. performed or performing in an impersonal or machinelike
manner; automatic 5. relating to, produced by, or dominated by physical forces
mechanical ↔ emotional
meddlesome [médlsəm] a. 참견하기 좋아하는 : inclined to meddle or interfere *meddle v.쓸데없이 참견하다, 간섭하다; 만지작거리다, 주무르
다 1. to intrude into other people's affairs or business;
interfere 2. to handle something idly or ignorantly; tamper
officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel (EQUAL, 형, 동) officious 참견을 잘하는, 주제넘게 나서는
attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous (A << B) attentive : meddlesome :: laconic : curt curt 짧은, 간략한; 무뚝뚝한, 퉁명스러운
meddlesome : pry :: contentious : argue pry (비 을) 캐다; 엿보다 contentious 논쟁을 좋아하는/불러일으키는 quarrelsome;
controversial meddle ↔ leave alone, withdraw, ignore
media [míːdiə] n. 매개체 plantation : tobacco :: media : bacteria plantation 재배지, 농장; 식민지
mediate [míːdièit] v. 중재하다 1. to resolve or settle (differences) by working with all the
conflicting parties 2. to bring about (a settlement, for example) by working with
all the conflicting parties 3. to effect or convey as an intermediate agent or mechanism
intercessor : mediate :: translator : interpret :: augur : predict mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction prosecute 기소하다, 고소하다; 추진하다, 수행하다
mediocre [mìːdióukəːr] a. 평범한 : ORDINARY : of moderate or low quality, value, ability, or performance
virtuoso : mediocre :: imposter : unfeigned virtuosity ↔ mediocrity
meditate [médətèit] v. 심사숙고하다; 기도하다, 계획하다 1. to reflect on; contemplate 2. to plan in the mind; intend
medley [médli] n. 메들리 montage : images :: medley : songs
meek [mi:k] a. 온순한, 유화한; 기백 없는(spiritless) 1. showing patience and humility; gentle 2. easily imposed on; submissive
meek ↔ unyielding
meet [miːt] a. 적당한 : fitting; proper
meet ↔ unfit, unsuitable, inappropriate
melancholy [méłənk li|-kəli] n. 우울, 침울, 깊은 생각, adj. 우울한, 음침한
melancholy ↔ cheerful, agreeable, sunny
meld [meld] v. 병합하다, 합치다 : to cause to merge
meld ↔ divide, separate
meliorism [míːljərìzəm, -liə-] n. 개선주의 the belief that society has an innate tendency toward
improvement and that this tendency may be furthered through conscious human effort
meliorism : progress :: egalitarian : equity egalitarian 평등주의
mellifluous [məlífluəs] a. 감미로운 1. flowing with sweetness or honey 2. smooth and sweet
mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food mellifluous : hear :: savory : taste mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste savory 맛있는, 입맛 당기는; 기분 좋은
mellifluous ↔ raspy, cacophonous, grating, harsh, strident raspy 삐걱거리는, 귀에 거슬리는; 성을 잘 내는 rough; grating
melodious [məlóudiəs] a. 듣기 좋은 1. of, relating to, or containing a pleasing succession of
sounds; tuneful 2. agreeable to hear
melodious : hear :: savory : taste melodious ↔ jarring, cacophonous jar n. 병, 단지 v. 삐걱거리다; 불쾌한 느낌을 주다, 신경을 거슬리다
melody [mélədi] n. 선율 : TUNEFULNESS 1. a pleasing succession or arrangement of sounds 2. musical quality
melody : song :: cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl genteel 태생이 좋은; 품위 있는, 우아한 churl 버릇없는 사람; 미천한 사람, (특히) 농부
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melodious ↔ jarring
melodrama [mélədr`a:mə] n. 멜로드라마, 통속극 melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity (LACK)
membrane [mémbrein] n. 세포막 pore : membrane :: door : wall :: eyelid : eye cell : membrane :: seed : hull
memoir [mémwɑːr, -wɔːr] n. 회상록, 자서전 : An account of the personal experiences of an author.
memoir ↔ narrative
menace [ménəs] n. 위협, 협박, 위험 인물 v. 위협/협박하다 1. to utter threats against 2. to constitute a threat to; endanger
odious : disgust :: menacing : fear :: blatant : arrest (A한 것은 B하게 한다)
odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear (A한 것은 B하게 한다) odious 혐오할, 몹시 싫은 arousing or meriting strong dislike,
aversion, or intense displeasure menace ↔ safeguard, yield, praise, help
mend [mend] v. 고치다, 보수하다 1. to make repairs or restoration to; fix 2. to reform or correct
mend ↔ rend, worsen, deteriorate, break rend 박살내다, 분쇄하다; 쥐어뜯다
mendacious [mendéi∫əs] a. 허위의; 거짓말을 잘하는 1. lying; untruthful 2. false; untrue
mendacious : probity :: archaic : currency ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth mendacious ↔ honest, veracious, truthful, upright, straightforward, candid, frank, authentic veracious 진실을 말하는, 정직한 1. honest; truthful 2. accurate; precise
mendacity [mendǽsəti ] n. 허위, 거짓 1. the condition of being mendacious; untruthfulness 2. a lie; a falsehood
mendacity ↔ honesty, truthfulness, candor, veracity veracity 정직, 성실; 진실성
mendicant [méndəkənt] adj. 구걸하는 n. 거지 mendicant : beg ::
menial [míːniəl, -njəl] adj. 하인의/비천한 : of or relating to servants : LOWLY : appropriate to a servant : HUMBLE, SERVILE : lacking interest or dignity *a menial task*
menial ↔ aristocratic, lofty
mentor [méntər, -tɔːr] n. 믿을 만한 조언자 a wise and trusted counselor or teacher
instruction : mentor :: opposition : adversary (B=상대방에 대해 A를 하는 사람)
mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy :: prevaricator : deceive oracle 신탁, 계시; 현인, 철인
mentor : guide :: charlatan : deceive :: juggernaut : crush charlatan [ʃá:rlətən] 허풍선이, 사기꾼, 돌팔이 의사
mercenary [mə ːrsənèri] a. 돈독이 오른, 돈만 바라는; (외국 군에) 고용된 n. 돈만 바라고 일하는 사람
1. motivated solely by a desire for monetary or material gain
2. hired for service in a foreign army
mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge vindictive 복수심을 품은, 원한 깊은
mercenary : soldier :: hack : writer hack 통속적 예술가, 매문(賣文)가
mercurial [məːrkjúəriəl] a. 수은의, 수성의; 활발한, 명랑한; 변덕스러운, 경박한
mercurial : mood :: whimsical : behavior :: fickle : affection fickle 변덕스러운, 불안정한
profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed (profligate는 solvency(지불능력)이 낮은 상태, mercurial은 commitment(전념, 몰두)가 낮은 상태)
scurrilous : propriety :: mercurial : constancy (LACK) scurrilous 상스러운, 업신여기는
mercurial ↔ constant
merited [méritid] a. 마땅한, 당연한 : deserved, be worthy of or entitled or liable to
condign ↔ undeserved, unmerited condign 타당한 deserved; adequate
unsuitable, gratuitous ↔ merited gratuitous 거저 얻은, 부료의; 이유/원인 없는
mesh [meʃ] v. 그물로 잡다; 연관시키다; 협력하다 1. to catch in or as if in a net; ensnare 2. to cause to become engaged 3. to cause to work closely together; coordinate
disengage ↔ mesh
mesmerism [mézmərìzəm, més-] n. 거부하기 힘든 유혹 : HYPNOTISM
1. a strong or spellbinding appeal; fascination 2. hypnotic induction believed to involve animal magnetism 3. hypnotism
hypnotism [hípnətìzəm] 최면술, 최면 상태 zeal : dedication :: mesmerism : interest (A >> B)
mesmerize [mézməraiz] v. 최면을 걸다; 매료시키다 1. to spellbind; enthrall 2. to hypnotize
exhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting (A >> B) exhaustive 철저한, 포괄적인; 소모/고살시키는
messy [mési] a. 난잡한, 지저분한 1. disorderly and dirty 2. exhibiting or demonstrating carelessness 3. unpleasantly difficult to settle or resolve
metamorphose [mètəmɔ ːrfouz, -fous] v. 변형되다 : to change into a wholly different form or appearance;
transform metamorphose ↔ remain unaltered, remain the same metamorphosis ↔ continuation without change
metaphor [métəfɔ ːr, -fər] n. 은유법; 상징 1. a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily
designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison
2. one thing conceived as representing another; a symbol * metaphoric(al) adj.
metaphor : literal :: melody : spoken (A = B + alpha) euphemism : offense :: ambiguity : comprehension (A는 B를 막는 것) (metaphor : description (A는 B의 한 종류) 관계는 오답) metaphoric, metaphorical ↔ literal
metaphysical [metəfízikəl] a. 형이상학적인 * metaphysics n. 형이상학
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insect : butterfly :: philosophy : metaphysics (A ∈ B) metaphysical ↔ concrete (plausible은 오답)
meteoric [mìːtiɔ (ː)rik, -ɑ r-] a. 유성의; 일시적인 1. of, relating to, or formed by a meteoroid 2. of or relating to the earth's atmosphere 3. similar to a meteor in speed, brilliance, or brevity
meteoric : constancy :: archaic : currency :: evanescent : permanence (WITHOUT 혹은 OPPOSITE)
meteoric ↔ plodding, gradual, perpetual plod 터벅터벅 걷다; 꾸준히 공부하다
meteorology [mìːtiərɑ lədʒi / -rɔ l-] n. 기상학 demography : population :: meteorology : weather :: pathology : disease
methodical [məθɑ dikəl/miθɔ d-] a. 꼼꼼한, 질서 정연한, 조직적인 1. arranged or proceeding in regular, systematic order 2. characterized by ordered and systematic habits or
behavior methodical ↔ slipshod, haphazard haphazard 계획성 없는, 되는 로의 dependent upon or
characterized by mere chance slipshod (복장, 언어 등이) 단정치 못한, 칠칠치 못한, 되는 로의
meticulous [mətíkjələs] a. 지나치게 세심한 1. extremely careful and precise 2. extremely or excessively concerned with details
firmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulous (A << B) obdurate 완고한, 고집이 센
interested : agog :: careful : meticulous (A << B) agog 흥분한, (...하고 싶어) 못 견디는
meticulous : careful :: bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful (A>>B)
meticulous : cursory :: artless : cunning (OPPOSITE) meticulousness : cursory :: meticulous : ineptness :: fluent : glib :: meticulous : finicky glib 입심 좋은, 유창한; 그럴듯한
meticulous ↔ careless, negligent, cursory
metrical [métrikəl] a. 운율의, 운문의; 측량의 1. of, relating to, or composed in poetic meter 2. of or relating to measurement
scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical scan 훑어보다; 운율을 살피다 to analyze (verse) into metrical
patterns
mettle [métl] n. 용기, 열정; 기질, 성미 1. courage and fortitude; spirit 2. inherent quality of character and temperament
insight : discern :: mettle : endure (if someone has A, then B) mettlesome ↔ craven craven 겁쟁이 coward
miasma [miǽzmə] n. 독기, 악영향
microscopic [maikrəskápik|-kɔ p-] adj. 아주 작은, 미세한 1. a. too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large
enough to be studied under a microscope b. of, relating to, or concerned with a microscope 2. exceedingly small; minute 3. characterized by or done with extreme attention to detail
microscopic ↔ elephantine
miff [mif] n. 발끈하기; 하찮은 다툼 1. a petulant, bad-tempered mood; a huff 2. a petty quarrel or argument; a tiff
petulant 화를 잘 내는, 까다로운; 건방진 huff 분개, 골냄 a fit of anger or annoyance; a pique
tiff a fit of irritation; a petty quarrel miff : quarrel :: foible : flaw (A << B) miff ↔ appease, please
migratory [máigrətɔ ːri / -təri] a. 이주하는 1. characterized by migration; undergoing periodic migration 2. of or relating to a migration 3. roving; nomadic
nomadic 유목민의, 방랑( 생활)의 migratory ↔ rooted, sedentary
mill [mil] n. 정미소 refinery : petroleum :: mill : grain petroleum [pətróuliəm] 석유
milk [milk] v. 젖을 짜다; 단물을 빨아먹다, 착취하다 1. to press out, drain off, or remove by or as if by milking 2. (informal) a. to draw out or extract something from, as if by milking b. to obtain money or benefits from, in order to achieve
personal gain; exploit milk : extract :: exploit : utilize (A >> B) exploit (이익을 위해) 이용하다; 착취/착복하다; 개발/개척하다
mime [maim] v. 흉내 내다 1. to ridicule by imitation; mimic 2. to act out with gestures and body movement
parody : style :: mime : gesture charade : word :: mime : story charade (몸짓에 의해 단어를 알아맞히는) 제스처 게임
mimicry [mímikri] n. 흉내 내기, 모방;의태(보호색 등의 변장술) 1. a. the act, practice, or art of mimicking b. an instance of
mimicking 2. (biology) the resemblance of one organism to another or
to an object in its surroundings for concealment and protection from predators
mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation mutation 변화, 변형; 부침, 성쇠; 돌연변이
minaret [mìnərét] n. 회교사원의 뾰족탑 spire : church :: minaret : mosque spire 뾰족탑; 꼭 기; 절정 mosque 회교 사원
minatory [mínətɔ ːri / -təri] a. 위협적인 : of a menacing or threatening nature; minacious
minatory ↔ reassuring, non-threatening, welcoming reassure 기운 나게 하다, 안심시키다; 재보증하다
mince [mins] v. 잘게 썰다, 저미다; 뽐내며 잔걸음으로 걷다, 과장되게 말하다 1. to walk with very short steps or with exaggerated
primness 2. to speak in an affected way
sip : drink :: mince : walk quaff : sip :: stride : mince : punch : hit
mind [maind] v. 주의하다, 조심하다, 전념하다, 돌보다, 신경을 쓰다, 걱정하다, 싫어하다, 언짢게 여기다
1. to bring (an object or idea) to mind; remember 2. to become aware of; notice 3. to heed in order to obey 4. to attend to 5. to be careful about 6. a. to care about; be concerned about b. to object to; dislike 7. to take care or charge of; look after
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mind ↔ like mind : obedience ::
mindful a. 신경을 쓰는, 마음에 새겨두는, 주의하는(attentive) : attentive; heedful
mindful ↔ unaware, oblivious
mingle [míŋgəl] v. 뒤섞다, 합치다 : INTERMIX 1. to mix or bring together in combination, usually without
loss of individual characteristics 2. to mix so that the components become united; merge
mingle ↔ separate sequester ↔ permit to mingle sequester 고립시키다; 떼어놓다, 격리하다
minion [mínjən] n. 앞잡이, 오른팔; 총아 1. an obsequious follower or dependent; a sycophant 2. a subordinate official 3. one who is highly esteemed or favored; a darling
underling one of lesser rank or authority than another; a subordinate
minion : dependent :: groveler : petitioner (A = B하는 사람) grovel 기다, 엎드리다; 비굴하게 굴다, 자기를 낮추다
minion ↔ mastermind mastermind 기안자, 지도자
mint [mint] n. 화폐 주조소; 다량 1. a place where the coins of a country are manufactured
by authority of the government 2. a place or source of manufacture or invention 3. an abundant amount, especially of money
strike : medal :: mint : coin strike 1회분의 주조량 a quantity of coins or medals struck at the
same time mint ↔ modicum
minuscule [mínʌskjùːl] a. 아주 작은, 중요하지 않은; 소문자로 쓰인 1. very small; tiny 2. of, relating to, or written in miniscule
small : minuscule :: moist : saturated (A << B) minuscule : letter :: minnow : fish minnow (미끼로 쓰는) 작은 민물고기
minuscule ↔
minute [mainjúːt, mi-] n. 의사록 a. 미세한, 하찮은 1. exceptionally small; tiny 2. beneath notice; insignificant 3. characterized by careful scrutiny and close examination
minute : agenda :: log : itinerary (주요 기록 사항) minute ↔ gargantuan gargantuan [ga:rgǽntjuən] 거 한 of immense size, volume, or
capacity; gigantic
minutia, minutiae [minjúːʃiə, mai-] n. 사소한 점 : a small or trivial detail
minutia : details :: quibbles : objections minutia ↔ essential point, crucial aspect, highlight, major concern, lengthy account, lengthy document, main concern, vital feature, critical elements, major point, major aspect
miracle [mírəkəl] n. 기적 prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence prodigy 천재, 신동; 비상한 일, 경이
ordinary ↔ miraculous
mirage [mirɑ ːʒ] n. 신기루, 환각, 망상 1. an optical phenomenon that creates the illusion of water,
often with inverted reflections of distant objects, and results from distortion of light by alternate layers of hot
and cool air 2. something illusory or insubstantial
maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory maelstrom 큰 소용돌이; 혼란, 격동 a violent or turbulent situation
mire [maiər] n. 늪, 수렁, 궁지 v. 진창에 빠지게 하다; 곤경에 빠뜨리다
1. a. to cause to sink or become stuck in or as if in mire b. to hinder entrap, or entangle as if in mire 2. to soil with mud or mire
mire ↔ extricate, free, release, disentangle, simplify extricate 구출하다, 해방하다 to release from an entanglement or
difficulty; disengage mire ↔ dry ground, answer, solution
mirth [məːrθ] n. 환희 : gladness or gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter
mirth : laughter :: approval : applause
misanthropy [misǽnθrəpi] n. 염세 : hatred or mistrust of humankind
misanthrope : humane :: ascetic : voluptuary humane 자비로운, 인도적인; 우아한 voluptuary 관능적 쾌락에 잠긴
misanthrope : people :: xenophobe : strangers xenophobe 외국(인)을 싫어하는 사람
beneficent : misanthropist :: ? : daredevil daredevil 앞뒤를 헤아리지 않는 (사람) recklessly bold
misbehave [mìsbihéiv] v.t. 못된 짓을 하다 : to behave badly
disapproval : castigation :: misbehavior : crime (A << B) castigate 징계하다, 응징하다; 혹평하다
lapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality (A << B) lapse (일시적인) 쇠퇴, 전락; (사소한) 잘못, 실수
reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn reprobate 나쁜 놈, 불량배 a morally unprincipled person
mischievous [místʃivəs] a. 유해한; 짓궂은, 장난을 좋아하는 1. causing mischief 2. playful in a naughty or teasing way 3. troublesome; irritating 4. causing harm, injury, or damage
insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp imp 꼬마 도깨비; 장난꾸러기, 개구쟁이
tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous (EQUAL) tightfisted 인색한 close-fisted; stingy brat 못된 꼬마 a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one
rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy rapscallion 악한, 깡패
misconstrue [miskənstrú:] v. 뜻을 잘못 해석하다, 오해/곡해하다 : to mistake the meaning of; misinterpret misconstruction n. 그릇된 해석, 오해
misconstruction : interpret :: delusion : belief (disguise : identity, misprint : revision은 오답)
misconstrue : interpret :: misjudge : assess
miscreant [mískriənt] n. a. 사악한, 타락한; 악한 : one who behaves criminally or viciously
miscreant : criminal :: temporizer : compromising miscreant : villainous :: recidivist : relapsing :: sybarite : self-indulgent :: equivocator : evasive
miscreant ↔ law-abiding individual, saint
misdemeanor [mìsdimíːnər] n. 나쁜 행실, 경범죄 1. a misdeed 2. (law) an offense less serious than a felony * misdemean v.t. 비행을 저지르다 n. 비행
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crime : misdemeanor :: commitment : decision (A >> B) commitment 법안의 회부, 수감; 서약, 공약
misdemeanor : crime :: lapse : error (A << B) misdemean ↔ behave
miser [máizər] n. 구두쇠 1. one who lives very meagerly in order to hoard money 2. a greedy or avaricious person
miser : munificent :: zealot : blase munificent 아낌없이 주는, 후한 blase [bla:zéi] 싫증난; 관심 없는
miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine parsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgent insurgent 반란을 일으키는, 반란자
miser : stingy :: sage : judicious sage 현명한 사람; 현인, 철인 one venerated for experience,
judgment, and wisdom miser : thrift :: chauvinist : patriotism (A >> B) thrift 검소, 절약
spendthrift ↔ miser spendthrift one who spends money recklessly or wastefully
miserly [máizərli] a. 인색한, 욕심 많은 : of, relating to, or characteristic of a miser; avaricious
frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant :: wary : paranoid (A << B, B에 안좋은 뉘앙스)
misfortune [misfɔ ːrtʃən] n. 불운 1. a. bad fortune or ill luck b. the condition resulting from
bad fortune or ill luck 2. a distressing occurrence
boon ↔ misfortune boon 혜택, 은혜, 이익
misgiving [misgíviŋ] n. 의혹, 걱정, 염려 : a feeling of doubt, distrust, or apprehension
misgiving ↔ certainty compunction ↔ absence of misgiving compunction 양심의 가책, 회한 a strong uneasiness caused by a
sense of guilt
mishap [míshæp, -- ] n. 불운 MISFORTUNE : bad luck; an unfortunate accident
예; With a little care you could have avoided this mishap catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment (A >> B) mishap : accident :: peccadillo : offence, offense :: foible : fault (A<<B + 종류) (windfall : advantage는 오답)
oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic oxymoron 모순 어법 [an open secret 공공연한 비 ]
mishap ↔ fortune, good luck
mislead [mislíːd] v. 잘못된 길로 이끌다; 오해하게 하다 1. to lead in the wrong direction 2. to lead into error of thought or action, especially by
intentionally deceiving mislead ↔ disabuse disabuse 오해를 풀어주다, 바로잡아 주다 to free from a falsehood
or misconception
misnomer [misnóumər] n. 오칭, 잘못된 호칭 1. an error in naming a person or place 2. a. application of a wrong name b. a name wrongly or
unsuitably applied to a person or an object
misread [misríːd] v. 틀리게 읽다; 그릇 해석하다
(misinterpret) 1. to read inaccurately 2. to misinterpret or misunderstand
misread ↔ interpret correctly
misrepresent [mìsreprizént] v.t. 잘못 전하다 1. to give an incorrect or misleading representation of 2. to serve incorrectly or dishonestly as an official
representative of tamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate tamper 간섭하다, 참견하다; 부당하게 가담하다
mite [mait] n. 소량, 아주 조금, 아주 작은 동물(벌레) 1. a. a very small contribution or amount of money b. a widow's mite 2. a very small object, creature, or particle 3. a coin of very small value
mite : creature :: speck : amount speck 작은 점, 미세한 것; a tiny amount
mitigate [mítəgèit] v. 경감시키다 : to moderate (a quality or condition) in force or intensity;
alleviate * unmitigated adj. 누그러지지 않은, 경감되지 않은, 순전한
mitigate : severe :: qualify : general mitigate : intensity :: abbreviate : length mitigate ↔ exacerbate, aggravate exacerbate 악화시키다; 신경질 나게 하다 unmitigated ↔ attenuated
mnemonics [niːmɑ niks / -mɔ -] n. 기억술 : a system to develope or improve the memory
hygienics : health :: mnemonics : memory :: regimen : health hygienics 위생학; 건강법 regimen 섭생, 요양법; 지배, 통치, 관리
mnemonics : remember :: staff : walk
mobility [moubíləti] n. 운동성; 변덕 1. the quality or state of being mobile 2. the movement of people, as from one social group, class,
or level to another splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery (PREVENT) purchase a grip applied manually or mechanically to move something or
prevent it from slipping splint : immobilize :: duct : convey (A is for B) splint : immobilize :: sling : support sling 삼각건; 멜빵
mockery [mɑ kəri, mɔ (ː)k-] n. 조롱 1. scornfully contemptuous ridicule; derision 2. a specific act of ridicule or derision 3. an object of scorn or ridicule 4. a false, derisive, or impudent imitation 5. something ludicrously futile or unsuitable
diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery burlesque 풍자문, 희작(戱作)
patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery patronize 단골로 삼다, 애용하다; 후원/보호하다; 생색 내는 듯한 태
도를 취하다 mock : imitate :: taunt : challenge (빅북문제) mockery ↔ tribute
moderate [mɑ -d-ərèit / mɔ d-] a. 완화하다, 절제하는 1. being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme 2. not violent or subject to extremes; mild or calm;
temperate 3. a. of medium or average quantity or extent b. of limited or
average quality; mediocre 4. opposed to radical or extreme views or measures,
especially in politics or religion * immoderate adj. 중용을 잃은, 절도가 없는, 과도한, 터무니없
는, 극단적인
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exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty (OPPOSITE) exorbitant 터무니없는, 과도한 exceeding all bounds, as of custom
or fairness perfidious 배신하는, 속이는 treacherous perfidy 배신 deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust;
treachery moderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousness moderate ↔ severe immoderate ↔ temperate, modest, mild, sensible, reasonable, ordinary
modest [mádist|mɔ d-] adj. 겸손한, 삼가는; 수수한; 삼가는; 품위
있는, 얌전한 1. having or showing a moderate estimation of one's own
talents, abilities, and value 2. having or proceeding from a disinclination to call
attention to oneself; retiring or diffident 3. observing conventional proprieties in speech, behavior,
or dress 4. free from showiness or ostentation; unpretentious 5. moderate or limited in size, quantity, or range; not
extreme scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish (A << B) prude 지나치게 얌전빼는 사람
modest ↔ brazen, cavalier, epic, flamboyant, haughty, imposing, immoderate
modesty ↔ ostentation, rant pontificate ↔ speak modestly immodest ↔ coy majestic ↔ modest, abject, pathetic
modicum [mɑ dikəm / mɔ d-] n. 소량 : a small, moderate, or token amount
inkling : knowledge :: modicum : quantity inkling 넌지시 비침, 암시; 희미한 지식
modicum ↔ mint, large amount, abundance mint 박하; 화폐 주조소; 다액, 다량 an abundant amount,
especially of money
mogul [móugʌl, --] n. 중요한 인물, 거물 : a very rich or powerful person; a magnate
magnate 실력자, 거물 a powerful or influential person, especially in business or industry mogul ↔ nonentity nonentity 보잘것없는 사람; 비실재물, 상상의 것
molar [móulər] n. 어금니 rib : bone :: molar : tooth
molding [móuldi] n. 주조, 성형; 돌림띠 장식 1. the act or process of molding 2. something that is molded 3. an embellishment in strip form, made of wood or other
structural material, that is used to decorate or finish a surface, such as the wall of a room or building or the surface of a door or piece of furniture
* mold n. 주형, 거푸집 v.t. 주조하다 mold : malleable :: hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet :: brim, rim : vessel hem (옷의) 단, 가장자리 ruffle 잔물결, 파문; 주름 장식; 불안, 동요 rim (둥근 물건의) 가장자리, 테두리
mollify [mɑ ləfài / mɔ -] v. 완화하다 : APPEASE 1. to calm in temper or feeling; soothe 2. to lessen in intensity; temper 3. to reduce the rigidity of; soften
mollification : soothe :: indemnity : secure indemnity 보호, 보장; 배상
mollify : anger :: heart : dejection (OPPOSITE) mollify ↔ rouse, vex, rankle, antagonize, ire, pique, nettle, discomfit, exacerbate, exasperate, bait, disaffect, rankle, chafe, enrage, incite to anger, provoke, madden, aggravate, intensify, make worse rankle 괴롭히다; 욱신거리다, 쑤시다 to cause persistent irritation or
resentment ire ~를 노하게 하다 pique 화나게 하다; 부추기다 to cause to feel resentment or
indignation; to provoke or arouse nettle 쐐기풀로 찌르다; 안달 나게 하다 to irritate; vex discomfit 완패/패주시키다; 의도를 꺾다, 방해하다; 당황하게 하다 disaffect 정떨어지게 하다, 호의를 잃게 하다, 불만을 품게 하다 rankle 마음에 사무치다; 마음을 괴롭히다
mollifying ↔ provoking, belligerent, caustic, harsh mollification ↔ inflammation
mollycoddle [mɑ likɑ dl / mɔ likɔ dl] v.t. 응석을 받아주다 : to be overprotective and indulgent toward
chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle (A << B) chide 꾸짖다, 잔소리하다 to scold mildly so as to correct or improve;
reprimand pillory 칼을 씌우다; 조롱거리로 만들다 to expose to ridicule and
abuse mollycoddle ↔ treat harshly
molt [moult] n. v. 털갈이(하다) : ECDYSIS : to shed periodically part or all of a coat or an outer covering,
such as feathers, cuticle, or skin, which is then replaced by a new growth
ecdysis [ékdisis] (뱀, 곤충 등의) 탈피 molt : feathers :: shed : hair molt : bird :: slough : snake slough [slʌf] (뱅 등이 허물을) 벗다; 벗어나다
fledging ↔ molt fledge (새끼가 날 때까지) 키우다; 깃털로 덥다
momentous [mouméntəs] a. 중 한 : IMPORTANT, CONSEQUENTIAL
: of utmost importance; of outstanding significance or consequence
* moment n. 중요, 긴요, 중 사 atrocious : bad :: momentous : important (A >> B) atrocious [ətróuʃəs] 극악무도한; 지독한
moment ↔ triviality, unimportance
momentum [mouméntəm] n. 힘, 기세, 여세; 타력, 타성; (철학) 계기, 요소 1. (physics) a measure of the motion of a body equal to the
product of its mass and velocity 2. a. impetus of a physical object in motion b. impetus of a
nonphysical process, such as an idea or a course of events 3. (philosophy) an essential or constituent element; a
moment oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter (2002년 후기임) (A는 B의 운동 방식) momentum Physics. A measure of the motion of a body equal to the
product of its mass and velocity. ALSO CALLED LINEAR MOMENTUM.
mongrel [mʌ ŋgrəl, mɑ ŋ-] n. 잡종; 혼혈아 : an individual resulting from the interbreeding of diverse
breeds or strains; especially : one of unknown ancestry
mongrel ↔ purebred
monochromatic [mɑ nəkroumǽtik / mɔ n-] a. 단색의 iridescent ↔ monochromatic iridescent 무지개 빛깔의
chromatic ↔ colorless chromatic 색채의; 채색한
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monocle [mɑ nəkəl / mɔ n-] n. 단안경 : an eyeglass for one eye
monocle : eye ::
monologue [mánəlɔ (:)g|mɔ n-] n. 장광설; 화의 독점; 독백 1. a. a dramatic soliloquy b. a literary composition in the form of a soliloquy 2. a continuous series of jokes or comic stories delivered by
one comedian 3. a long speech made by one person, often monopolizing a
conversation opera : aria :: play : monologue
monopolize [mənɑ pəlàiz / -nɔ p-] v.t. 독점권을 얻다 1. to acquire or maintain a monopoly of 2. to dominate by excluding others
monopolize ↔ share
monotone [mɑ nətòun / mɔ n-] a. 단조로운 : MONOTONIC 1. characterized by or uttered in a monotone 2. of or having a single color
vociferous ↔ reticent, monotone vociferous 큰 소리로 떠드는, 떠들썩한 making, given to, or marked
by noisy and vehement outcry
monotonous [mənɔ tənəs] a.단조로운, 변화가 거의 없는; 지겨운 1. sounded or spoken in an unvarying tone 2. tediously repetitious or lacking in variety
stammer : halting :: drone : monotonous monotonous ↔ piebald, multifarious, vociferous piebald 얼룩무늬의 spotted or patched, especially in black and white multifarious 많은 요소를 가진; 다양한, 다채로운 having great
variety; diverse vociferous 큰 소리로 외치는, 떠들썩한 making, given to, or marked
by noisy and vehement outcry
montage [mɑntɑ ːʒ / mɔn] n. 몽타주 1. a. a single pictorial composition made by juxtaposing or
superimposing many pictures or designs b. the art or process of making such a composition 2. a. a rapid succession of different images or shots in a
movie b. the use of such successive images as a cinematic
technique 3. a composite of closely juxtaposed elements
montage : images :: medley : songs zigzag : turns :: montage : images
mop [mɑp / mɔp] v. 침울해 하다/얼굴을 찡그리다
morale [mərǽl|m rá:l] n. 사기, 풍기 : the state of the spirits of a person or group as exhibited
by confidence, cheerfulness, discipline, and willingness to perform assigned tasks
dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength dispirit to lower in or deprive of spirit; dishearten
morass [mərǽs] n. 습지; 곤경, 난국 1. an area of low-lying, soggy ground 2. something that hinders, engulfs, or overwhelms
haunt : familiar :: morass, harass : irritating haunt 자주 들르다; 끊임없이 떠오르다
moratorium [mɔ (ː)rətɔ ːriəm, mɑ r-] n. 지불 유예, 활동 금지 1. (law) a. an authorization to a debtor, such as a bank or
nation, permitting temporary suspension of payments b. an authorized period of delay in the performance of an
obligation 2. a suspension of an ongoing or planned activity
moratorium : activity :: reprieve : punishment reprieve n. v. 형 집행 연기(하다), 걱정의 일시적 모면, 일시적으
로 (위험에서) 구하다 fast : consumption : repose : labor : moratorium : activity fast : eat :: moratorium : act moratorium : activity :: respite : labor :: repose : work :: tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : speed respite 일시적 중단, 잠깐의 휴식; (사형) 집행 연기
morbid [mɔ ːrbid] a. 병에 걸린; 음울한, 기괴한 1. a. of, relating to, or caused by disease; pathological or
diseased b. psychologically unhealthy or unwholesome 2. characterized by preoccupation with unwholesome
thoughts or feelings 3. gruesome; grisly
morbid ↔ wholesome, hale, salubrious hale 강건한, 원기 왕성한 free from infirmity or illness; sound
mordant [mɔ ːrd-ənt] a. 신랄한, 통렬한, 색을 갖게 하는 : INCISIVE, TRENCHANT n.v.부식재(로 처리하다)
1. a. bitingly sarcastic b. incise and trenchant 2. bitingly painful 3. serving to fix colors in dyeing
incisive 예리한, 날카로운; 신랄한 penetrating, clear, and sharp, as in operation or expression mordant ↔ genial, amicable, flattering genial 친절한, 다정한, 온난한
moribund [mɔ (ː)rəbʌ nd, mɑ r-] a. 죽어 가는, 빈사 상태의, 절멸 직전의 1. approaching death; about to die 2. on the verge of becoming obsolete
moribund ↔ beginning, nascent, increasingly vital, current, hale, verdant nascent 초기의, 발생의 coming into existence; emerging
morose [məróus] a. 시무룩한, 언짢은 : sullenly melancholy; gloomy
morose ↔ cheerful, sanguine, jovial, jocund, rejoicing, lighthearted, rejoiced sanguine 자신감 넘치는, 쾌활한 cheerfully confident; optimistic jovial 쾌활한, 명랑한, 즐거운 marked by hearty conviviality and good
cheer jocund 유쾌한, 명랑한 sprightly and lighthearted in disposition,
character, or quality
mortar [mɔ ːrtəːr] n. 절구통 hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar mortar : grind :: canvas : paint :: vat : dye vat 큰 통/탱크; 물감 탱크
mortify [mɔ :rtəfai] v. 굴욕감을 주다, 분하게 하다; 고행으로 억누르다, 극복하다
1. to cause to experience shame, humiliation, or wounded pride; humiliate
2. to discipline (one's body and physical appetites) by self-denial or self-inflicted privation
embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle (A << B)
mosaic [mouzéiik] n. 모자이크 (세공) mosaic : ceramic :: patchwork : cloth (B는 A의 재료) (Real 19-5 10번) piece : jigsaw puzzle :: tile : mosaic :: pixel : image jigsaw puzzle 조각 그림 맞추기 장난감
mosque [mɑsk / mɔsk] n. 이슬람 사원 spire : church :: minaret : mosque spire 뾰족탑 minaret (회교 사원의) 뾰족탑
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mosquito [məskíːtou] n. 모기 mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter (B prevent A)
moth-eaten [mɔ (ː)θìːtn] a.(옷이) 좀먹은; 낡은,시 에 뒤떨어
진 a ∼ theory 구식 이론 1. eaten away by moth larvae 2. old and timeworn; stale 3. shabby; decrepit
larva [lá:rvə] (pl. -vae [-vi:]) 애벌레, 유충 moth-eaten ↔ fresh and new, vigorous
motile [móutil / -tail] a. 운동성의; 운동성이 있는 : moving or having the power to move spontaneously
motility ↔ stasis stasis 균형 상태; 정지 a condition of balance among various forces;
motionlessness
motivate [móutəvèit] v. 동기를 주다 : to provide with an incentive; move to action; impel
exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit exhortation 권고, 설교, 충고 exhort to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice,
or appeal invective 독설, 비난, 악담
fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist
motley [mɑ tli / mɔ t-] a. 잡동사니의; 잡색의 1. having elements of great variety or incongruity;
heterogeneous 2. having many colors; variegated; parti-colored
motley ↔ colorless, unique, unvaried, homogeneous, harmonious, uniforn, identical
mottle [mɑ tl / mɔ tl] v.t. 얼룩덜룩하게 하다 : to mark with spots or blotches of different shades or
colors striated : groove :: mottled, dappled : spot mottle ↔ blanch blanch 표백하다, 희게 만들다; (병, 공포 등으로) 창백하게 하다
mottled ↔ homogeneous, solid solid acting together; unanimous
mournful [mɔ ːrnfəl] a. 슬픔에 잠긴; 음산한, 쓸쓸한 : GLOOMY
1. feeling or expressing sorrow or grief; sorrowful 2. causing or suggesting sadness or melancholy
jovial ↔ mournful revelry ↔ mournfulness revelry 야단법석; 흥청 는 술잔치 boisterous merrymaking
movement [múːvmənt] n. 악장 stanza : poem :: movement : symphony
muddy [mʌ di] a. 진흙의, 질퍽거리는; 분명치 않은, 흐릿한 1. full of or covered with mud 2. a. not bright or pure b. not clear; cloudy, as with
sediment 3. lacking luster; dull 4. confused or vague
muddy ↔ clear
muffle [mʌ f-əl] v.t. (소리가 안 나게) 싸다 1. to wrap up, as in a blanket or shawl, for warmth,
protection, or secrecy 2. a. to wrap of pad in order to deaden the sound b. to deaden (a sound) 3. to make vague or obscure 4. to repress; stifle
muffle : sound :: assuage : grief muffled ↔ plangent, resonant plangent 려오는, 구슬프게 울리는
mulish [mjúːliʃ] a. 노새의; 고집 센, 다루기 힘든 : stubborn and intractable; recalcitrant
mulish : persuade :: phlegmatic : move :: callous : move (A이면 B하기 힘든)
despicable : value :: mulish : flexibility despicable 천한, 야비한 deserving of contempt or scorn; vile
mulish ↔ pliant, flexible
mull [mʌl] v. 심사숙고하다 : PONDER : to go over extensively in the mind; ponder
multifarious [mʌ ltəfɛ -əriəs] a. 많은 부분을 가진;다양한,다방면에 걸친 having great variety; diverse
multifarious ↔ monotonous, lacking diversity
mumble [mʌ mb-əl] v. 우물우물 말하다 1. to utter indistinctly by lowering the voice or partially
closing the mouth 2. to chew slowly or ineffectively without or as if without
teeth enunciate ↔ mumble enunciate (분명하게) 발음하다; 공표하다, 명확히 말하다
mundane [mʌ ndein, -- ] a. 지상의, 현세의; 평범한 : COMMONPLACE
1. of, relating to, or typical of this world; secular 2. relating to, characteristic of, or concerned with
commonplaces; ordinary secular 세속의, 현세의
mundane : originality :: lassitude : stir mundane ↔ exotic, extraordinary, unusual, spiritual, unearthly mundane ↔ inspired, fabulous, uncommon, remarkable inspired 영감(계시)을 받은 of such surpassing brilliance or excellence as to suggest divine inspiration: an inspired musician; an inspired performance
municipality [mjuːnìsəpǽləti] n. (시, 읍 등의) 자치체; 지방 자치제 1. a political unit, such as a city or town, incorporated for
local self-government 2. a body of officials appointed to manage the affairs of a
local political unit
munificent [mjuːnífəs-ənt] a. 후한, 아낌없이 주는 1. very liberal in giving; generous 2. showing great generosity
miser : munificent :: zealot : blase blase 물린, 싫증난
munificent ↔ parsimonious munificence ↔ stinginess munificent ↔ mean, ungenerous, niggardly
mural [mjú-ərəl] n. 벽화 a very large image, such as a painting or an enlarged
photograph, applied directly to a wall or ceiling petrograph, petroglyph : rock :: mural : wall
murky [mə ːrki] a. 어두운, 깜깜한, 흐린;애매한, 이해하기 어려운 1. dark, dim, or gloomy 2. a. heavy and thick with smoke, mist, or fog; hazy b. darkened or clouded with sediment 3. lacking clarity or distinctness; cloudy or obscure
murky ↔ clear, limpid, lucid, pellucid pellucid 투명한, 맑은; 명료한, 명석한 transparently clear in style or
meaning
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murmur [mə ːrməːr] v. 중얼거리다; 불평하다, 투덜거리다 1. to make a low, continuous, indistinct sound or
succession of sounds 2. to complain in low mumbling tones; grumble
croon : sing :: murmur : speak croon 낮은 목소리로 노래하다
glimmer : dazzle :: murmur : resound (A << B) glimmer 깜박깜박 하다, 희미하게 비치다
mushroom [mʌ ʃru(ː)m] n. a. 버섯(의) vi. 급속히 번지다; 버섯 모양이 되다
1. to multiply, grow, or expand rapidly 2. to swell or spread out into a shape similar to a
mushroom mushroom : fungus :: (A는 B(진균류)의 일종) ::
mutation [mjuːtéiʃ-ən] n. 변화, 변형; 부침, 성쇠; 돌연변이 1. the act or process of being altered or changed 2. an alteration or change, as in nature, form, or quality
mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation mutate ↔ remain the same
mutable [mjú:təbl] adj. 변하기 쉬운, 마음이 잘 변하는, 변덕스러운 * mutability n.
mutability ↔ constancy, stability
mute [mjuːt] v.t. 소리를 죽이다; 부드럽게 하다 adj. 무언의, 침묵하는
1. to soften or muffle the sound of 2. to soften the tone, color, shade, or hue of
muted : color :: muffled : sound mute : sound :: dim : light mute ↔ amplify, clarion
mutinous [mjúːt-ənəs] adj. 폭동의 1. disposed to or being in a state of mutiny : REBELLIOUS 2. TURBULENT, UNRULY
mutinous ↔ obedient
mutter [mʌ tə:r] v. 웅얼거리다, 중얼거리다 1. to speak indistinctly in low tones 2. to complain or grumble morosely
mutter : indistinct :: drone : monotonous mutter ↔ speak distinctly
myopia [maióupiə] n. 통찰력 결여, 근시안 : lack of discernment or long-range perspective in thinking
or planning * myopic a.
myopic ↔ discerning, farseeing, shrewd, farsighted, prescient shrewd 빈틈없는, 약삭빠른; 현명한
myopia ↔ prescience prescience [prí:ʃiəns] 통찰, 선견 knowledge of actions or events
before they occur; foresight
myriad [míriəd] a. 무수한 1. constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable 2. composed of numerous diverse elements or facets
countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting, interminable : duration
myriad : number :: everlasting : duration myriad ↔ few, scarce, scanty
mysterious [mistíəriəs] 1. of, relating to, or being a mystery 2. simultaneously arousing wonder and inquisitivenss, and
eluding explanation or comprehension mysterious ↔ scrutable
N nadir [néidər, -diər] n. 천저; 밑바닥, 절망 상태
: the lowest point nadir ↔ summit, acme, topmost point, peak, apogee, zenith, pinnacle, apex acme 절정, 정점 the highest point, as of perfection
nag [næg] v. 귀찮게 잔소리하다; 끊임없이 고통을 주다 1. to annoy by constant scolding, complaining, or urging 2. to torment persistently, as with anxiety or pain
torment 괴롭히다, 고통을 주다, 애먹이다
naive [nɑːíːv] a.순진한, 순박한;생각이 얕은, 잘 속아 넘어가
는 : CREDULOUS 1. a. lacking worldliness and sophistication; artless b. simple and credulous as a child; ingenuous 2. lacking critical ability or analytical insight; not subtle or
learned 3. a. not previously subjected to experiments b. not having
previously taken or received a particular drug * naivete n. 순진, 천진 난만, 순박함
guileful : naive :: tardy : prompt naïve ↔ worldly, disingenuous, calculating, experienced, sophisticated, cultivated worldly 지상의, 속된, 속물의
naivete ↔ deception, guileness, artfulness, disingenuity
narcissism [nɑ ːrsisìzəm] n. 자기도취증 : excessive love or admiration of oneself
narcissist : self-absorbed :: sycophant : obsequious narcissism : love :: guilt : blame (A >> B)
narrative [nǽrətiv] n. 이야기, 담화 1. a narrated account; a story 2. the art, technique, or process of narrating
abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative (A = B를 줄인 것)
narrow [nǽrou] 1. of small or limited width, especially in comparison with
length 2. limited in area or scope; cramped 3. lacking flexibility; rigid 4. barely sufficient; close 5. painstakingly thorough or attentive; meticulous
narrow ↔ catholic, ebullient
nascent [nǽsənt, néi-] a. 생기려고 하는, 신생의, 초기의 : coming into existence; emerging
nascent ↔ moribund, fully established, mature, developed moribund 빈사 상태의, 소멸하고 있는; 정체된, 진전이 없는
natty [nǽti] a. 말쑥한 : SMART : neat, trim, and smart; dapper
dapper 깔끔한, 단정한 natty ↔ slovenly, sloppy, frowzy slovenly 추접스러운, 단정치 못한; 겉날리는, 날림의 sloppy 질척질척한, 흠뻑 젖은; 더럽혀진 frowzy 지저분한, 불결한; 곰팡이 냄새가 나는
nauseate [nɔ ːzièit, -ʒi-, -si-, -ʃi-] v. 구역질나게 하다; 혐오감을 주다
1. to feel or cause to feel nausea 2. to feel or cause to feel loathing or disgust * nausea n. 메스꺼움, 욕지기 1. a feeling of sickness in the stomach characterized by an
urge to vomit 2. strong aversion; disgust
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vertigo : nauseate :: treat : cure (A << B) vertigo 현기증; 혼란한 상태
naysay [néisei] v. 거부/반 /부정하다 : to say no to; deny or oppose * naysayer [néiseiər] n. 거부자 1. one who is assertively negative in attitude 2. one who critically disagrees
naysay ↔ concur
nebulous [nébjələs] a. 흐린; 막연한, 불분명한; 성운의 : INDISTINCT, VAGUE
1. cloudy, misty, or hazy 2. lacking definite form or limits; vague 3. of, relating or, or characteristic of a nebula
nebulous ↔ distinct, unambiguous, clear, limpid, pellucid limpid 맑은, 투명한; 명쾌한, 명석한
needy [níːdi] a. 가난한, 궁핍한 : POVERTY-STRICKEN : being in need; impoverished
affluent ↔ needy
nefarious [nifɛ əriəs] a. 사악한, 무도한 : EVIL : infamous by way of being extremely wicked
nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality nefarious ↔ above reproach, virtuous, exemplary, beneficial, beyond reproach virtuous 정숙한, 고결한 exemplary 본보기의, 전형적인; 훌륭한 worthy of imitation;
commendable
negate [nigéit] v. 무효로 하다, 취소하다; 부정/부인하다 1. to make ineffective or invalid; nullify 2. to rule out; deny * negative [négətiv] n. 부정의
negation ↔ affirmation
negligent [néglidʒnt] a. 태만한, 부주의한 1. characterized by or inclined to neglect, especially
habitually 2. characterized by careless ease or informality; casual
negligence ↔ care
negotiate [nigóuʃièit] vi. 협상하다 : to confer with another or others in order to come to terms
or reach an agreement clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations clog 막다, 방해하다 stalemate 막다름, 교착상태
negotiator : agreement :: mediator : compromise tenacious ↔ negotiable tenacious 집착하는, 고집 센
nemesis [némisis] n. 이길 수 없는 적, 감당할 수 없는 상 , 천벌 nemesis ↔ benefactor
neologism [ni:ɑ lədμzəm|-ɔ l-] n. 신조어 1. a new work, expression, or usage 2. the creation or use of new words or senses
neologism ↔ archaism, well-established expression
neophyte [níːəfàit] n. 개종자; 초심자, 신출내기: PROSELYTE 1. a recent convert to a belief; a proselyte 2. a beginner or novice
proselyte [prásəlàit] 개종자, 변절자 a new convert to a doctrine or religion inexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel wastrel [wéistrəl] 낭비가; 부랑아, 건달
neophyte : experience :: boor : sensitivity
nepotism [népətìzəm] n. 친척 등용, 족벌주의 : favoritism shown or patronage granted to relatives, as in
business nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friend cronyism favoritism shown to old friends without regard for their
qualifications, as in political appointments to office nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud embezzle 횡령/착복하다 to take (money, for example) for one's own
use in violation of a trust nepotism : relative :: jingoism : nationality jingoism 호전적 애국주의 chauvinism 맹목적 애국주의; (특정 주의, 집단에 한) 열광적 충성
nepotism : kinship :: jingoism : nationality nepotism : kinship :: egalitarianism : equality
nerve [nəːrv] v.t. 용기를 북돋우다 : to give strength or courage to * nervy adj. 건방진, 뻔뻔스러운
appall ↔ embolden, nerve appall to fill with consternation or dismay
nervy ↔ diffident, self-effacing nervy 건방진, 뻔뻔스러운, 용기 있는 diffident 자신 없는, 기가 죽은, 삼가는, 조심성 있는
nestle [nés-əl] v. 아늑하게 자리 잡다 1. to settle snugly and comfortably 2. to lie in a sheltered position 3. to draw or press close, as in affection; snuggle
snuggle 바싹 당기다, 끌어안다, 껴안다 nestle ↔ flinch, recoil, shrink flinch 주춤하다, 물러서다 recoil 반동하다; 물러나다, 후퇴하다 shrink 줄다; 감소하다; 피하다, 꽁무니 빼다 to avoid or neglect (a
duty or responsibility)
nether [néðəːr] adj. 지하의/아래의 : situated down or below : LOWER : situated or believed to be situated beneath the earth's
surface nether ↔ aloft, upper/uprose
nettle [nétl] v. 쐐기풀로 찌르다; 화나게 하다, 초조하게 하다 1. to string with or as if with a nettle 2. to irritate; vex
imputable : nettle :: imputable (책임을) 지울 수 있는 possible to impute or ascribe;
attributable impute 돌리다, 지우다, 전가하다
nettle ↔ conciliate, gratify, mollify
neutralize [njúːtrəlàiz] v. 중립화하다; 상쇄하다 1. to make neutral 2. to counterbalance or counteract the effect of; render
ineffective neutralize : effectiveness :: (A remove B)
nexus [néksəs] n. 연결, 결합; 핵심 1. a means of connection; a link or tie 2. a connected series or group 3. the core or center
nexus ↔ disconnected components, hiatus nexus ↔ trivial point
nibble [níb-əl] v. 조금씩 뜯어 먹다 1. to bite at gently and repeatedly 2. to eat with small, quick bites or in small morsels 3. to wear away or diminish bit by bit
nibble : eat :: sip : drink :: glean : acquire (whine : talk, grin : smile은
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오답) quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble gobble 게걸스레 먹다, 먹어 치우다
swill : sip :: gobble : nibble swill 벌컥벌컥 마시다 to drink greedily or grossly
nibble ↔ gobble, guzzle
nicety [náis-əti] n. 정확성; 미세한 차이 1. the quality of showing or requiring careful, precise
treatment 2. delicacy of character or feeling; fastidiousness;
scrupulousness 3. a fine point, small detail, or subtle distinction 4. an elegant or refined feature; an amenity
nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy nicety : distinction :: intimation : communication (A << B) intimation 암시, 넌지시 알림; 공고
nicety : distinction :: spoof : parody spoof (악의 없는) 놀림
nice ↔ imprecise, inexact nicety ↔ impreciseness
niggard [nígəːrd] adj. 인색한 niggard ↔ generous
nil [nil] n. 무(無) nothing; zero nil : quantity :: vacuum : matter
nimble [nímbl] a. 날렵한, 민첩한; 눈치 빠른, 재치 있는 1. quick, light, or agile in movement or action; deft 2. quick, clever, and acute in devising or understanding
nimble : clumsiness :: nimble ↔ clumsy, awkward, inept, maladroit, sluggish, lethargic, fumbling, bumbling
nip [nip] v. 조금씩 마시다 : to sip (alcoholic liquor) in small amounts
nip : drink :: jot : write jot 간결하게 적다, 메모하다 to write down briefly or hastily
nitpick [nítpìk] v. 하찮은 걸 갖고 흠잡다 : to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant
details; QUIBBLE, CARP, CAVIL nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object (사소한 걸로 흠잡다 : 흠잡다 :: 사소한 걸로 흠잡다 : 흠잡다) cavil 트집 잡다; 덮어놓고 이의를 제기하다 to find fault
unnecessarily; raise trivial objections nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil quibble 모호한 말을 하다; 흠/트집을 잡다
nitpicker : criticize :: preacher : sermon
nocturnal [nɑktə ːrnl / nɔk-] a. 밤의; 야행성의 1. of, relating to, or occurring in the night 2. (botany) having flowers that open during the night 3. (zoology) most active at night
diurnal, happening during daytime ↔ nocturnal diurnal 하루 종일의; 낮 동안의, 주간의
noisome [nɔ isɔm] a. 역겨운, 해로운 1. offensive to the point of arousing disgust; foul 2. harmful or dangerous
noisome : repugnance :: (A는 B하게 되는 원인이 됨) noisome ↔ beneficial, pleasant, healthy, appealing, attractively fragrant, savory
nomad [nóumæd] n. 방랑자 WANDERER 1. a member of a group of people who have no fixed home
and move according to the seasons from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land
2. a person with no fixed residence who roams about; a
wanderer nomad : domicile :: freelancer : employer domicile [dáməsàil] 거주지, 주거
nomadic ↔ settled
nominal [nɑ mənl / nɔ m-] a. 명목상의, 명목뿐인, 하찮은 : TRIFLING, INSIGNIFICANT
1. a. of, resembling, relating to, or consisting of a name or names
b. assigned to or bearing a person's name 2. existing in name only 3. insignificantly small; trifling
nominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity nominal : figurehead :: absolute : autocrat figurehead 명목상의 우두머리 autocrat 전제 군주, 독재자
nonchalant [nɑ nʃ-əlɑ ːnt, nɑ nʃ-ələnt/nɔ n-] a. 무관심한, 태연한, 태평한, 무심한
: seeming to be coolly unconcerned or indifferent * nonchalance n. 무관심, 태연함
anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite :: unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary
nonchalance ↔ perturbation perturbation 혼돈, 당황, 불안 nonchalant ↔ affected, perturbed, anxious, concerned, attentive
noncommittal [nɑ nkəmítl / nɔ n-] a. 이도 저도 아닌, 어정쩡한 : AMBIGUOUS refusing commitment to a particular opinion or course of
action; not revealing what one feels or thinks noncommittal ↔ confirmative, decisive, reckless, outgoing
nondescript [nɑ ndiskrípt / nɔ ndiskrípt] a. 뭐라 말할 수 없는, 특징 없는 : DULL, DRAB n. 특징 없는 사람
lacking distinctive qualities; having no individual character or form
nondescript : note :: rare : collect nondescript ↔ conspicuous, striking, remarkable, outstanding
nonentity [nɑnéntəti / nɔn-] n. 보잘것없는 사람/것; 비실재물 1. a person regarded as being of no importance or
significance 2. nonexistence 3. something that does not exist or that exists only in the
imagination dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence (A lack B) dilettante 호사가, 아마추어 평론가, 예술 애호가
nonentity ↔ mogul, luminary, something mogul [móugʌl] 중요 인물, 거물
nonflammable [nɑnflǽməb-əl / nɔn-] a. 타지 않는, 불연성의 : not flammable, especially not readily ignited and not rapidly
burned impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible impervious 불침투성의, 영향을 받지 않는 incapable of being
penetrated or affected
nonplus [nɑnplʌ s, - - / nɔn- , --] v. 당혹하게 하다 : QUANDARY : to put at a loss as to what to think, say, or do; bewilder n.
당황, 당혹, 난처한 지경 quandary 궁지, 난처한 입장, 진퇴양난 a state of uncertainty or
perplexity ☞ If you are in a quandary, you have to make a decision but cannot
decide what to do. nonplus : perplexity :: infuriate : rage
nonsense [nɑ nsens / nɔ ns-əns, -sens] n. 아무 뜻도 없는 것 nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast drivel 침을 질질 흘리다; 바보 같은 소리를 늘어놓다
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nostrum [nɑ strəm / nɔ s-] n. 민간요법, 특효약 1. a medicine whose effectiveness is unproved and whose
ingredients are usually secret; a quack remedy 2. a favorite but untested remedy for problems or evils
notch [nɑtʃ / nɔtʃ] n. V자형 눈금; 단계, 정도 1. a. a V-shaped cut b. such a cut used for keeping a record 2. a narrow pass between mountains 3. (informal) a level or degree
serrated ↔ without notches, smooth serrate 톱니 모양의; (가장자리가) 들쭉날쭉한
notoriety [noutəráiəti] n. 평판, 악평, 악명 notoriety ↔ anonymity, low profile, obscurity
nourish [nə :ri∫|nʌ r-] v.t. ~에 영양분을 주다 1. to provide with food or other substances necessary for
life and growth; feed 2. to foster the development of; promote 3. to keep alive; maintain
nourish : food :: finance : money finance; ~에 자금을 공급하다
novel [nɑ vəl|nɔ v-] n. 소설 ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter :: dance : step novelist : book :: cartographer : map (conductor : symphony는 오답)
novelty [nɑ v-əlti /nɔ v-] n. 참신함, 신기함;희한한 일, 색다른 경험 1. the quality of being novel; newness 2. something new and unusual; an innovation 3. a small mass-produced article, such as a toy or trinket(자
질구레한 장신구) threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness (OPPOSITE) timeworn, banal ↔ novel
noxious [nɑ kʃəs / nɔ k-] a. 유해한 1. harmful to living things; injurious to health 2. harmful to the mind or morals; corrupting
noxious, injurious ↔ beneficial, salubrious, harmless, innocuous, sanitary, wholesome salubrious 건강에 좋은 conducive or favorable to health or well-
being
nuance [njúːɑːns, -- ] n. 미묘한 차이, 음영, 뉘앙스 1. a subtle or slight degree of difference, as in meaning,
feeling, or tone; a gradation 2. expression or appreciation of subtle shades of meaning,
feeling, or tone nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion (A << B) nuance ↔ patent difference, obvious difference, lack of subtleness, sharp distinction, literal meaning
nuanced ↔ patent
nucleate [njúːklièit] v. 중심으로 모으다 : CLUSTER 1. to bring together into a nucleus 2. to act as a nucleus for 3. to provide a nucleus for
nucleate ↔ disseminate, scatter
nudge [nʌdʒ] v. (팔꿈치로) 가볍게 다, 살짝 찌르다 : to push against gently, especially in order to gain
attention or give a signal doze : sleepiness :: nudge : prod prod 격려, 자극
nudge : push :: (A << B) butt : head :: nudge : elbow
nugatory [njúːgətɔ ːri / -t-əri] a. 하찮은; 쓸데없는 1. of little or no importance; trifling
2. having no force; invalid nugatory : worth :: capricious : deliberation (A에는 B가 없음, 형:명) nugatory : worth :: banal : originality nugatory ↔ consequential
nuisance [njú:səns] n. 불유쾌한 것(사람), 불법 방해, 귀찮은 것 nuisance ↔ help, pleasure, comfort
numb [nʌm] a. 저린, 마비된, 감각을 잃은 1. deprived of the power to feel or move normally; benumbed 2. emotionally unresponsive; indifferent
benumbed : feel :: immobilized : move numb ↔ sensate sensate [sénseit] 지각할 수 있는
nurture [nə ːrtʃəːr] v.t. 양육하다; 가르치다, 교육하다 1. to nourish; feed 2. to educate; train 3. to help grow or develop; cultivate
nurture : child :: cultivate : crop nurturing : growth :: nurture ↔ withhold sustenance from, disregard, stunt, impede, fail to support sustenance 생계, 생활; 음식, 자양분 stunt 방해하다, 가로막다 to check the growth or development of
O oafish [óufiʃ] a. 바보 같은
oaf [ouf] 바보, 멍청이: BOOB a person regarded as stupid or clumsy
oasis [ouéisis] n. 오아시스 glade : wood :: oasis : desert glade 숲 속의 빈터
oath [ouθ] n. 서약, 맹세; 단언, 확신; 남용, 모독적인 표현 1. a. a solemn, formal declaration or promise to fulfill a
pledge, often calling on God or a sacred object as witness b. the words or formula of such a declaration or promise c. something declared or promised 2. an irreverent or blasphemous use of the name of God or
something held sacred 3. an imprecation; a curse
oath : promise :: contract : agreement
obdurate [ábd:jurit] a. 좀처럼 회개하지 않는, 완고한 1. a. hardened in wrongdoing or wickedness; stubbornly
impenitent b. hardened against feeling; hardhearted 2. not giving in to persuasion; intractable
firmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulous meticulous 지나치게 신경 쓰는, 지나치게 소심한
energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate :: frugal : penurious (A << B, B에 안좋은 뉘앙스) frenetic 열광적인 wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied
penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE) penitent 뉘우치는, 회개한 feeling or expressing remorse for one's
misdeeds or sins obdurate : budge :: lachrymose : cheer (OPPOSITE) budge 조금 움직이다, (의견을) 바꾸다
obdurate : move :: irrepressible : quell (OPPOSITE) obdurate, intransigent ↔ amenable, complaisant, flexible, pliable, easily swayed, tractable, pliant, toward, yielding, swayable, compliant
toward; favoring success or a good outcome; propitious.
obedient [oubíːdiənt] a. 순종하는 : dutifully complying with the commands, orders, or
instructions of one in authority
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* obedience n. 복종, 순종 obedience : deference :: deference 복종, 경의, 존경 imperial, contumacious ↔ obedient contumacious 반항적인, 오만한 obstinately disobedient or
rebellious; insubordinate obedience ↔ archness, resistance, defiance, nonconformity obedient ↔ willful
obeisance [oubéisəns, -bíː-] n. 인사, 경례; 경의, 복종 : DEFERENCE, HOMAGE
1. a gesture or movement of the body, such as a curtsy, that expresses deference or homage
2. an attitude of deference or homage obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection (SIGN) obeisant ↔ impertinent, impudent, imperious impertinent 주제넘은, 뻔뻔스러운; 무례한, 건방진; 적절하지 않은 impudent 주제넘은, 건방진 characterized by offensive boldness;
insolent or impertinent imperious 오만한, 고압적인; 긴급한, 긴박한
obey [o:ubéi] v. 따르다, 응하다; ...에 따라 작용하다; (원리, 법칙 등에) 따르다 1. to carry out or fulfill the command, order, or instruction
of 2. to carry out or comply with (a command, for example)
obey : deference :: obey ↔ break, command, disregard, order, transgress, violate
obfuscate [ɑbfʌ skèit, ɑ bfəskèit / ɔ bfəskèit] v. 어리둥절하게 하다; 알기 어렵게 하다 : DARKEN
1. to make so confused or opaque as to be difficult to perceive or understand
2. to render indistinct or dim; darken equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity (A = B를 숨김) (metaphor : description 관계는 오답)
coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate headstrong : willfulness :: obfuscating : confusing (EQUAL) willful 계획적인, 고의의; 고집 센
obfuscate : confusion :: dedicate : devotion rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible plausible 그럴듯한; 말주변이 좋은
cowardice : intimidate :: perplexity : obfuscate obfuscate ↔ elucidate, illuminate, explain clearly, clarify, demystify obfuscated, obfuscatory ↔ explicit, lucid delineate ↔ obfuscate, muddle, cloud, confuse
obituary [oubítʃuèri] n. 사망광고 : a notice of a person's death usually with a short
biographical account roster : staff :: obituary : death roster 근무 당번표; 명단
obligate [ábləgeit|ɔ b-] v.t. ~에게 의무를 지우다 adj. 의무를 진, 강제된
* obligation n. 의무, 구속, 책임, 의리, 은혜 * obligatory [əblígətɔ ːri, ɑ blig- / əblígətəri, ɔ blig-] a.
의무적인, 필수의 : MANDATORY, REQUIRED 1. morally or legally constraining; binding 2. imposing or recording an obligation 3. of the nature of an obligation; compulsory
obligation ↔ betrayal, treason, disobedience discretionary, selective, elective ↔ obligatory discretionary 임의의, 자유재량의
oblige [əblɑ idʒ] v. 의무를 지우다, 강제하다; (남에게) 감사하고 있다; 은혜를 베풀다 1. to constrain by physical, legal, social, or moral means 2. to make indebted or grateful
3. to do a service or favor for elected : obliged ::
obliging [əbláidʒiŋ] a. 친절한 : ACCOMMODATING : ready to do favors for others; accommodating
accommodate 친절하게 하다, 돌보다; 빌려주다, 제공하다 visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging (A >> B) visionary 공상적인, 몽상적인, 비실제적인; 가공의, 상상의 officious 참견을 잘하는; 주제넘게 나서는
discommode ↔ oblige discommode 불편하게/난처하게 하다 to put to inconvenience; trouble
oblique [əblíːk, ou-] a. 간접적인, 기울어진 : INDIRECT, OBSCURE oblique ↔ direct, straightforward, linear, truthful, open, honest, aboveboard
obliterate [əblítərèit] v. 흔적을 없애다; 삭제하다 1. to do away with completely so as to leave no trace 2. to wipe out, rub off, or erase (writing or other markings)
obliterate : remove :: distract : confuse :: inspire : infuse infuse (신념, 사상 등을) 불어넣다
inter : burial :: obliterate : removal inter; to place in a grave or tomb; bury
obliterate : remove :: saturate : wet (A >> B) ineffable : description :: irradicable : obliterate ineffable 말로 표현할 수 없는 incapable of being expressed;
indescribable or unutterable unexpurgated ↔ obliterated expurgate (책, 영화 등에서 일부분을 삭제하여) 수정하다; 검열하다 obliterate ↔ create, preserve, validate, restore, establish
oblivious [əblíviəs] a. 잘 잊는, 부주의한; 염두에 두지 않는 1. lacking all memory; forgetful 2. lacking conscious awareness; unmindful * oblivion n. (세상 등에서) 잊혀져 있는 상태
erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect oblivious : attentive :: (OPPOSITE) forget : oblivion :: forgo : disuse forgo 삼가다, 그만두다 to abstain from; relinquish disuse 폐기, 폐지 the state of not being used or of being no longer in
use oblivious ↔ aware, vigilant, mindful, cognizant cognizant 인식한, 깨달은 full informed; conscious
fame ↔ oblivion, obscurity (unpopular는 오답)
obloquy [ɑ bləkwi / ɔ b-] n. 오명; 악평, 비난 1. abusively detractive language or utterance; calumny 2. the condition of disgrace suffered as a result of abuse or
vilification; ill repute adulation, veneration ↔ obloquy
obnoxious [ɑbnák∫əs|əbnɔ k∫-] a. 아주 싫은, 욕지기나는; 역겨운, 아니꼬운
1. very objectionable; odious 2. exposed to harm, injury, or evil
disarming ↔ obnoxious
obscene [əbsíːn] adj. 외설적인 1. disgusting to the senses : REPULSIVE 2. a. abhorrent to morality or virtue; specifically :
designed to incite to lust or depravity b. containing or being language regarded as taboo in polite
usage *obscene lyrics* c. repulsive by reason of crass disregard of moral or ethical
principles *an obscene misuse of power* d. so excessive as to be offensive *obscene wealth*
*obscene waste* obscenity ↔ decency
obscure [əbskjúər] a. 희미한, 애매한; 눈에 띄지 않는, 무명의 :
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MYSTERIOUS v. ~을 덮어 감추다, ~을 애매하게 하다 obscure : clarify :: legendary, explicit, manifest ↔ obscure obscure ↔ clarify, elucidate, define, distinct, unequivocal obscure ↔ famous, obvious elucidate; to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify
obscurity ↔ celebrity, certitude, clarity, limelight limelight 세상의 이목을 끄는 것 A focus of public attention celebrity 유명인사, 명사; 명성
obsequious [əbsíːkwiəs] a. 아첨하는, 알랑거리는 : full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning
condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn (EQUAL, 형:동) condescending 생색을 내는 듯한 displaying a patronizingly superior
attitude libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious :: narcissist : self absorbed dissolute 방탕한, 무절제한 lacking moral restraint; indulging in
sensual pleasures or vices frugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious (A << B) sycophantic : obsequious :: rebellious : resurgent obsequious : attentiveness :: parsimonious : frugality (A >> B) obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive (B하면 A하다, A에는 B의 특성이 있다)
querulous : complaint :: obsequious : flattery querulous 불만이 많은; 화를 잘 내는
obsequious ↔ supercilious, imperious, assured supercilious 거만한, 건방진 feeling or showing haughty disdain
observable [əbzә:rvəbl] adj. 관찰할 수 있는, 주목할 만한, 축하할 만한
observable ↔ indiscernable
observant a. 잘 지켜보고 있는, 조심성 있는, 빈틈없는
observatory [əbzə ːrvətɔ ːri / -təri] n. 천문 observatory : astronomy ::
obsess [əbsés] v.t. 괴롭힐 정도로 사로잡히다 : to preoccupy the mind of excessively
agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern (A >> B) agonize 몹시 괴롭히다; 필사적으로 노력하다
firm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed (A << B) intransigent 타협하지 않는
obsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous :: intimate : close (A >> B) focus : obsession :: (A << B)
obsolete [ɑ bsəlíːt, --- / ɔ bsəlìːt] a. 한물간, 퇴행의 1. no longer in use 2. outmoded in design, style, or construction * obsolescence n.
obsolete ↔ under consideration obsolescence ↔ currency
obstacle [ɑ bstəkəl / ɔ b-] n. 장애물 : one that opposes, stands in the way of, or holds up
progress blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede :: explanation : enlighten blandish 듣기 좋은 말로 구슬리다, 알랑거리다 cajole 감언으로 꾀다 to urge with gentle and repeated appeals,
teasing, or flattery; wheedle wheedle 그럴듯한 말로 속이다, 구슬리다
obstinate [ɑ bstənit / ɔ b-] a. 완고한, 고집 센, (병이) 난치의 1. stubbornly adhering to an attitude, an opinion, or a
course of action; obdurate 2. difficult to manage, control, or subdue; refractory 3. difficult to alleviate or cure
obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade flappable 동요하기 쉬운 easily excited or upset
firm : obstinate :: supple : spineless :: thin : emaciated (A << B) tractable ↔ insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate obstinacy ↔ tractability
obstreperous [əbstrépərəs] a. 다루기 힘든; 떠들썩한 : UNRULY 1. noisily and stubbornly defiant 2. aggressively boisterous
obstreperous : control :: resolute : dissuade (A는 B하기 힘든 상태) obstreperous ↔ disciplined guileless : cunning :: obstreperous : restraint
obstruct [əbstrʌ kt] v. 진행을 방해하다 : IMPEDE 1. to block or fill (a passage) with obstacles or an obstacle 2. to impede, retard, or interfere with; hinder 3. to get in the way of so as to hide from sight
obstruct : progress :: stunt : growth stunt to check the growth or development of
obstruct ↔ facilitate, abet occluded ↔ unobstructed occlude 닫다, 막다, 차단하다 to cause to become closed; to prevent
the passage of obstructed ↔ unoccluded obstructionist ↔ one who facilitates
obtrusive [əbtrúːsiv] adj. 강요하는 obtrusive : ignore :: elusive : capture :: ambiguous : understand
obtuse [əbtjúːs] a. 둔감한, 이해가 느린; 뭉툭한, 둔각의 : INSENSITIVE
1. lacking quickness of perception or intellect 2. not sharp, pointed, or acute in form; blunt
rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse rectitude 공정, 정직; 똑바름 moral uprightness; righteousness transgress (한도 등을) 벗어나다; (법 등을) 위반하다
restive : calm :: keen : obtuse restive 다루기 힘든, 고집 센; 들뜬, 안절부절 못하는
parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen (OPPOSITE) parsimonious 몹시 인색한 excessively sparing or frugal
impertinent : propriety :: keen : obtuseness obtuse : perspicuity :: obtuse ↔ acute, keen, insightful, perspicacious, precise perspicacious 통찰력 있는, 명민한, 투철한
obtuseness ↔ acumen
obviate [ɑ bvièit / ɔ b-] v.t. 불필요하게 하다, 예방하다 : to anticipate and dispose of effectively; render unnecessary 예; obviate the necessity of doing it.
obviate : unnecessary :: whet : sharp (A하면 B가 증진된다) emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary (A하면 B하게 된다/B하니까 A할 만하다) emulate 우열을 다투다, 필적하다
obviate : unnecessary :: reduce : smaller obviate ↔ make necessary, necessitate
occlude [əklúːd / ɔk-] v.t. 막다, 차단하다 : OBSTRUCT 1. to cause to become closed; obstruct 2. to prevent the passage of
occluded ↔ unobstructed obstructed ↔ unoccluded
occult [əkʌ lt, ɑ kʌlt / ɔkʌ lt] a. 불가사의한, 초자연적인; 비 의 : ABSTRUSE, MYSTERIOUS
1. of, relating to, or dealing with supernatural influence, agencies, or phenomena
2. beyond the realm of human comprehension; inscrutable 3. available only to the initiate; secret 4. hidden from view; concealed
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occult ↔ bare, patent, readily fathomable, manifest, apparent, clear, obvious bare 나체의; 공공연한, 드러낸
occurrence [əkə ːrəns, əkʌ r-] n. 사건 1. the act or an instance of occurring 2. something that takes place
prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence prodigy 천재, 신동; 비상한 일/것, 경이
ode [oud] n. 송시 ode : poetry :: spoof : parody spoof (악의 없는) 놀림, 조롱 a gentle satirical imitation; a light
parody
odious [óudiəs] a. 혐오할 만한, 몹시 불쾌한 : arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense
displeasure blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting (A한 것은 B하게 한다) blatant 몹시 떠들썩한; 뻔뻔스러운
odious : disgust :: menacing : fear odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear odious : loathe :: reputable : respect (A는 B하는 원인이 된다) reputable 평판이 좋은, 존경할 만한 odious : pejorative :: odiousness ↔ esteem
odium [óudiəm] n. 증오, 비난, 오명 1. the state or quality of being odious 2. strong dislike, contempt, or aversion 3. a state of disgrace resulting from hateful or detestable
conduct odium ↔ esteem, hankering, infatuation, homage, respect, reverence hankering 동경, 갈망 hanker; to have a strong, often restless desire infatuation 심취, 반함 또는 그 상
off-key [ɔ (:)fki:] a. 음정이 틀린; 상태가 이상한, 어울리지 않는; 불규칙한
1. (music) pitched higher or lower than the correct notes of a melody
2. being out of accord with what is considered normal or appropriate
off-key ↔ dulcet, at the proper pitch
offbeat [ɔ ːfbíːt] a. 색다른 : ECCENTRIC : not conforming to an ordinary type or pattern;
unconventional offbeat ↔ conventional, hackneyed, bathetic bathetic 점강법(bathos)의; 진부한
offend [əfénd] v. 기분을 상하게 하다 1. to cause displeasure, anger, resentment, or wounded
feelings in 2. to be displeasing or disagreeable to 3. a. to transgress; violate b. to cause to sin
deferential : offend :: scornful : respect equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity obfuscate 혼란시키다, 애매하게 하다
euphemism : offend :: invulnerability : injure invulnerable 손상되지 않는, 무적의; 확고한
euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse diffuse 산만한; 말이 많은
glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense glitch 조그만 결함, 사소한 고장 a minor malfunction, mishap, or
technical problem intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend ticklish 간지럼을 잘 타는; 까다로운, 신경질적인, 화를 잘 내는
politic : offend :: aloof : associate politic 신중한, 분별 있는; 빈틈없는; 교활한 [‘정치상의’이라는 뜻
으로는 거의 쓰이지 않음] peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture :: knoll : hill :: creek : river :: hillock : mountain
offhand [ɔ (ː)fhǽnd, ɑ f-] ad. 즉석에서 : without preparation or forethought; extemporaneously
offhand ↔ premeditated
officious [əfíʃəs] a. 참견하기 좋아하는, 주제넘게 나서는 : MEDDLESOME
1. marked by excessive eagerness in offering unwanted services or advice to others
2. informal; unofficial attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish (A << B + excess) (absorbed : engrossed (EQUAL) 관계는 오답) engross (마음을) 빼앗다, 몰두시키다 to occupy exclusively; absorb
officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel (EQUAL, 형 : 동) meddle 쓸데없이 참견하다; 가지고 장난치다
visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging (A >> B) obliging 기꺼이 돌보는, 친절한 ready to do favors for others;
accommodating officious : attentive :: parsimony : frugal (A >> B) officious ↔ pertinent, unobtrusive
offish [ɔ (ː)fiʃ, ɑ f-] a. 쌀쌀맞은 : STANDOFFISH : inclined to be distant and reserved; aloof
standoffish 쌀쌀한, 냉담한; 불친절한 aloof or reserved offish, standoffish : aloof :: offish ↔ sociable
olfaction [ɑlfǽk∫ən| l-] n. 후각 (작용) 1. the sense of smell 2. the act or process of smelling
olfaction : odor :: gustation : flavor gustation 맛봄; 미각
ominous [ɑ mənəs / ɔ m-] a. 불길한, 암운이 드리우는 1. menacing; threatening 2. of or being an omen, especially an evil one
auspicious ↔ ominous auspicious 길조의, 상서로운
omnipotent [ɑmnípətənt / ɔm-] a. 전능의 : having unlimited or universal power, authority, or force; all-
powerful omnipotent ↔ powerless
omnipresent [ɑ mnəprézənt / ɔ m-] a. 어디에나 존재하는 : present everywhere simultaneously
omniscient [ɑmníʃənt / ɔm-] a. 전지의, 박식한 : having total knowledge; knowing everything
vacuous ↔ omniscient vacuous 빈, 공허한; 멍청한, 어리석은; 목적 없는, 무의미한
onerous [ɑ nərəs, óu- / ɔ n-] a. 부담이 되는, 힘겨운 1. troublesome or oppressive; burdensome 2. (law) entailing obligations that exceed advantages
onerous ↔ requiring little effort, effortless, easy, unexacting
onset [ɑ nsèt, ɔ (ː)n-] n. 시작 : BEGINNING, COMMENCEMENT
onset ↔ termination termination 종료, 종결, 만료 onset ↔ desisting, end desisting 그만 둠
opacity [oupǽsəti] n. 불투명, 애매함
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1. the quality or state of being opaque 2. something opaque 3. a. obscurity; impenetrability b. dullness of mind
opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid opacity ↔ transparency, clarity
opaque [oupéik] a. 불투명한, 불명료한 : hard to understand or explain 1. a. impenetrable by light; neither transparent nor
translucent b. not reflecting light; having no luster 2. impenetrable by a form of radiant energy other than
visible light 3. a. so obscure as to be unintelligible b. obtuse of mind; dense
airproof : air :: opaque : light :: soundproof : noise (A이기 때문에 B가 통과하지 못함)
slack : tension :: opaque : translucence opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid :: nonporous : liquid opaque ↔ diaphanous, transparent diaphanous [daiǽfənəs] 아주 얇은, 내비치는, 투명에 가까운
opaque ↔ clarify
opine [oupáin] v.t. 의견을 말하다 : to hold or state as an opinion
augur : predict :: pundit : opine :: recidivist : relapse augur 점쟁이, 예언가
opportune [ɑ pərtjúːn / ɔ pər-] a. 시기가 좋은, 형편이 좋은 1. suited or right for a particular purpose 2. occurring at a fitting or advantageous time
opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience (EQUAL, 형 : 명)
opportune ↔ inconvenient, untimely, inappropriate
oppose [əpóuz] v.t. 반 하다 1. to be in contention or conflict with 2. to be resistant to 3. to place opposite in contrast or counterbalance 4. to place so as to be opposite something else
oppose : thwart :: treat : cure (A << B) thwart 방해하다, 훼방 놓다
oppression [əpréʃən] n. 억압, 압박; 고뇌, 곤란 1. a. the act of oppressing; arbitrary and cruel exercise of
power b. the state of being oppressed 2. something that oppresses 3. a feeling of being heavily weighted down in mind or body oppress [əprés] v. 무겁게 억누르다, 압박하다, 억압하다 1. to keep down by severe and unjust use of force or
authority 2. to weigh heavily on
oppression : disagreement :: (A >> B)
opprobrious [əpróubriəs] a. 파렴치한, 상스러운 : SCURRILOUS
1. expressing contemptuous reproach; scornful or abusive 2. bringing disgrace; shameful or infamous
opprobrious : blameless :: opprobrious ↔ irreproachable opprobrium ↔ good repute
optimal [ɑ ptəməl / ɔ pt-] a. 가장 바람직한, 더할 나위없는 : most desirable or satisfactory; optimum optimization [ɑ ptəməzéiʃən] n. 최적화
optimization : improve :: invincible : conquer :: optimal : improve invincible; incapable of being overcome or defeated; unconquerable
opulent [ɑ pjələnt / ɔ p-] a. 풍부한, 부유한 1. possessing or exhibiting great wealth; affluent 2. characterized by rich abundance; luxuriant
opulent ↔ spartan
oracle [ɔ (ː)rəkəl, ɑ r-] n. 신탁, 계시; 선지자, 철인 mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy mentor a wise and trusted counselor or teacher
oration [ɔːréiʃən] n. 연설 1. a formal speech, especially one given on a ceremonial
occasion 2. a speech delivered in a high-flown or pompous manner
oration : hear :: novel : read orator : address :: preacher : sermon
orchestra [ɔ ːrkəstrə] n. 오케스트라 orchestra : musician, violinist s:: pack : wolf pack 꾸러미, 다발; (사람, 동물의) 떼, 무리, 패거리
pilot : ship :: conductor : orchestra instrumentalist : orchestra :: actor : troupe troupe [tru:p] (배우 등의) 일행, 일단(一團)
ordinary [ɔ ːrdənèri / ɔ ːdənəri] a. 평범한 1. commonly encountered; usual 2. a. of no exceptional ability, degree, or quality; average b. of inferior quality; second-rate 3. having immediate rather than delegated jurisdiction, as a
judge ordinary ↔ miraculous, inimitable miraculous 기적의, 놀랄 만한 = preternatural, phenomenal inimitable 비길 데 없는 defying imitation; matchless
ore [ :r] n. 광석, 원광 : a mineral or an aggregate of minerals from which a valuable
constituent, especially a metal, can be profitably mined or extracted
mine : ore :: quarry : rock, stone
orient [ó:riənt] v. 적응시키다; (방향을) 맞추다; 동향으로 하다 orient ↔ confuse
original [ərídʒənəl] a. 독창적인 1. preceding all others in time; first 2. a. not derived from something else; fresh and unusual b.
showing a marked departure from previous practice; new 3. productive of new things or new ideas; inventive 4. being the source from which a copy, reproduction, or
translation is made babble : sense :: parrot :: originality babble 중얼중얼 말하다, 분명치 않은 소리를 내다 parrot 앵무새처럼 따라하다; 뜻도 모르고 흉내 내다
hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliche : originality (OPPOSITE) hodgepodge 뒤범벅 a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble
banal, commonplace, trite ↔ original pastiche ↔ original work pastiche [pæstí:ʃ] 모방 작품; 잡동사니(hodgepodge)
ornery [ɔ ːrnəri] a. 고집센, 완고한(stubborn); 천한, 저속한(low, vile); 평범한(common)
mean-spirited, disagreeable, and contrary in disposition; cantankerous
cantankerous 성미 급한, 곧잘 싸우는(quarrelsome); 고약한, 심술궂
은; 다루기 어려운 ornery ↔ benign, expansive expansive (성격, 태도, 말이) 개방적인, 너그러운, 대범한, 마음을 터 놓는 disposed to be open, communicative, and generous; outgoing
ornithology [ɔ ːrnəθɑ lədʒi / -θɔ l-] n. 조류학
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ornithology : eaglet, eagle :: astronomy : planet
orthodox [ɔ :rθəd ks|-dɔ ks] a. 정설의, 정통파의; 그리스 정교회
의; (관습상) 옳다고 인정된, 전통적인 1. adhering to the accepted or traditional and established
faith, especially in religion 2. adhering to the Christian faith as expressed in the early
Christian ecumenical creeds 3. Orthodox a. of or relating to any of the churches or rites of the
Eastern Orthodox Church b. of or relating to Orthodox Judaism 4. adhering to what is commonly accepted, customary, or
traditional orthodox : doctrine ::
orthodoxy [ɔ ːrθədɑ ksi / -dɔ ksi] n. 정설, 정통성 religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group dissenter 반 자; 비국교도(Nonconformist)
oscillate [ɑ səlèit / ɔ s-] v.t. 진동하다; 주저하다, 흔들리다 oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter (2002년 후기임) (A는 B의 운동 방식)
momentum Physics. A measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity. ALSO CALLED LINEAR MOMENTUM.
oscillation ↔ imperturbation, absence of variation oscillate ↔ remain static, remain in still
ossify [ɑ səfài / ɔ s-] v. 전통적 틀에 얽매이다, 보수적이다 1. to change into bone; become bony 2. to become set in a rigidly conventional pattern
depreciation : value :: ossification : flexibility ligneous : wood :: osseous : bone ligneous [lígniəs] 나무 같은, 목질의 osseous [ásiəs] 뼈로 이루어진, 골성(骨性)의
ossify ↔ transcend conventions, make pliant ossified ↔ amenable to change
ostensible [ɑsténsəbəl / ɔs-] a. 표면상의, 겉보기의/ 명백한, 명료한(apparent)
: represented or appearing as such; ostensive ostensible ↔ substantial, genuine, inward, real, actual, authentic ostensible ↔ inapparent, hidden, questionable, doubtful, uncertain, equivocal
ostentatious [ɑ stentéiʃəs / ɔ s-] a. 저속하게 야한, 허세 부리는 = pretentious
: ostentation pretentious display meant to impress others; boastful showiness
ostentatious : adornment :: ostentatious : pretentious :: ostentation ↔ modesty, artlessness, austerity ostentatious ↔ meek, modest, unassuming, unobtrusive, unpretentious, quiet, humble unassuming 젠체하지 않는(unpresuming), 삼가는(modest)
ostracize [ɑ strəsaiz] v. 도편추방을 하다; 국외로 추방/배척하다 1. to exclude from a group 2. to banish by ostracism, as in ancient Greece * ostracism [ɑ strəsìzəm / ɔ s-] n. 추방, 배척
pariah : ostracize :: prisoner : confine pariah [pəráiə] 따돌림을 받는 사람; 천민, 부랑자
ostracize ↔ take in, welcome, include, embrace, invite to join, accept ostracism ↔ acceptance to a group
oust [aust] v. 축출하다; 퇴거시키다 1. to eject from a position or place; force out 2. to take the place of, especially by force; supplant
oust ↔ instate instate 임명하다, 취임시키다(install) to establish in office; install
outgoing [áutgòuiŋ] a. 외향성의, 사교적인 : EXTROVERTED 1. a. going out or away; departing b. retiring from or relinquishing a place, a position, or an
office c. addressed for sending 2. sociable and responsive to others; friendly 3. intended to be taken out, as from a restaurant
extrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist : exacting
outlandish [autlǽndiʃ] a. 이국풍의; 색다른, 기이한; 벽지의 1. conspicuously unconventional; bizarre 2. strikingly unfamiliar 3. located far from civilized areas
outlandish ↔ conventional
outlaw [ɑ utl :] n. 상습적 범죄자 v.t. 불법화하다, 금지하다 outlaw : illegal ::
outmaneuver [àutmənúːvər] v. 술책으로 이기다 1. to overcome (an opponent) by artful, clever maneuvering 2. to excel in maneuverability
outmaneuver ↔ yield
outmoded [àutmóudid] a. 유행에 뒤진 1. not in fashion; unfashionable 2. no longer usable or practical; obsolete
outmoded ↔ original, current, usable, acceptable, in style, futuristic
outset [ɑ utset] n. 착수, 시작 1. the beginning; the start 2. an initial stage, as of an activity
outset ↔ termination
outshine [àut∫ɑ in] v. 보다 밝게 빛나다, 능가하다(excel) 1. a. to shine brighter than b. to be more beautiful, splendid, or flamboyant than 2. to surpass in obvious excellence; outdo
outstanding [áutstǽndiŋ] adj. 두드러진, 튀어나온, 돌출한, 미결정의 outstanding ↔ mediocre, unexceptional, least, worst, minor, ordinary
outwit [àutwít] v. ~을 계략으로 앞서다 : OUTSMART : to surpass in cleverness or cunning; outsmart
taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit (A는 B하기 위한 수단) taunt 비웃다, 악담을 퍼붓다 to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or
contemptuous manner provoke 분개시키다 to incite to anger or resentment
overbearing [òuvərbɛəriŋ] a. 뽐내는, 고압적인 1. domineering in manner; arrogant 2. overwhelming in power or significance; predominant
unassuming, meek ↔ overbearing unassuming 참견하지 않은; 겸손한, 삼가는 meek 참을성 있는, 온순한; 굴종적인
overdose [óuvərdòus] n. 과잉 복용 : an excessive dose, especially of a narcotic(마약)
overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention indiscretion 무분별, 경솔, 부주의; 부주의한 행동
dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment dose : medicine :: current : river
overexposure [òuvərekspóuʒər] n. 노출 과다 1. to expand or disperse beyond a safe or reasonable limit 2. to obligate (oneself) beyond a limit, especially a financial
one
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overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune
overhaul [òuvərhɔ ːl] v. 정 점검하다; 분해 검사/수리하다; 뒤쫓다, 따라잡다 1. a. to examine or go over carefully for needed repairs b. to dismantle in order to make repairs 2. to make extensive renovations or revisions on; renovate 3. to catch up with; overtake
overhaul : revision :: scrutinize : inspection overhaul ↔ skim
overlap [òuvərlǽp] v.t. 겹치다 1. to lie or extend over and cover part of 2. to have an area or a range in common with
infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap (OPPOSITE) inconsonant : concord :: scatter : overlap (OPPOSITE)
oversee [ouvərsí:] v. 감독하다, 검사하다 1. to watch over and direct; supervise 2. to subject to scrutiny; examine or inspect
overt [óuvəːrt, --] a. 명백한, 공공연한 : MANIFEST 1. open and observable; not hidden, concealed, or secret 2. of, relating to, or being military or intelligence
operations sanctioned or mandated by Congress clandestine : secretly :: overt : openly (EQUAL) clandestine 비 리 행해지는
overt : surreptitious :: (OPPOSITE) overt ↔ shadowy, surreptitious surreptitious 몰래한, 비밀의, 부정한
overture [óuvərtʃər, -tjùər] n. 전주곡 : PROPOSAL 1. (music) a. an instrumental composition intended
especially as an introduction to an extended work, such as an opera or oratorio b. a similar orchestral work, such as one written as a concert piece or an introduction to a play
2. an introductory section or part, as of a poem; a prelude 3. an act, an offer, or a proposal that indicates readiness to
undertake a course of action or open a relationship overture : introduction :: anthem : praise veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory veto 거부권; 금지, 부인
overture, prelude : introductory :: caveat : warning, cautionary caveat [kéiviæt] 경고, 주의
preamble : introductory :: caveat : cautionary preamble 서문, 머리말
overture : symphony :: preface : book overture : opera :: preamble : statute preamble 서문, 머리말(foreword) statute 법령, 법규; 규칙, 정관
coda ↔ overture
overwhelm [òuvərhwélm] v.t. 압도하다; 억누르다 1. to surge over and submerge; engulf 2. a. to defeat completely and decisively b. to affect deeply
in mind or emotion 3. to present with an excessive amount 4. to turn over; upset
overwrought [òuvərrɔ ːt] a. 너무 흥분한; 지나치게 장식한 : AGITATED (wrought : work의 과거(분사))
1. excessively nervous or excited; agitated 2. extremely elaborate or ornate; overdone
oxymoron [ɑ ksimɔ ːrɑn / ɔ ksimɔ ːrɔn] n. 모순 어법 a rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory
terms are combined [ex. crowded solitude] apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox apophasis 부정 어법
equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruous oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic
P pachyderm [pǽkidə ːrm] n. (코끼리,하마,코뿔소 등의)후피동물
pachyderm : animal :: ant, aphid : insect
pacify [pǽsəfài] v.t. 진정시키다 : SOOTHE 1. to ease the anger or agitation of 2. to end war, fighting, or violence in; establish peace in
pacify : infuriate :: (OPPOSITE) solace : grief :: pacification : anger solace [sáləs] 위안, 위로; 즐거움, 오락 comfort in sorrow, misfortune,
or distress; consolation tantrum ↔ pacification tantrum 역정, 울화 a fit of bad temper
rankle, incite, vex, gall ↔ pacify, appease, soothe rankle (마음을) 괴롭히다; 욱신거리다, 쑤시다 to cause persistent
irritation or resentment gall (피부를) 스쳐서 벗기다; 화나게 하다
discommode ↔ pacificate, ease, mollify discommode 불편하게 하나, 폐를 끼치다 to put to inconvenience;
trouble pacific ↔ truculent, choleric truculent 잔혹한, 야만적인, 반항적인; 통렬한, 신랄한
pack [pæk] n. 꾸러미, 다발; (사람, 동물의) 떼, 집단, 패거리 orchestra : musician :: pack : wolf
pact [pækt] n. 약속, 계약; 조약, 협정 1. a formal agreement, such as one between nations; a treaty 2. a compact; a bargain
compact 계약 an agreement or a covenant covenant a binding agreement; a compact
padding [péinztèikiŋ, péins-] n. 속을 넣기/채우기; 완충제 1. the act of stuffing, filling, or lining 2. a soft material used to make pads or a pad 3. extraneous material added to written work, such as a
speech, to make it longer padding : damage :: disguise : recognition padding : damage :: dam : flood :: levee : flooding
paean [píːən] n. 찬가 : ENCOMIUM, TRIBUTE 1. (music) a song of joyful praise or exultation 2. a fervent expression of joy or praise 3. an ancient Greek hymn of thanksgiving or invocation,
especially to Apollo paean : song :: elegy : poem paean : joy :: dirge : grief :: madrigal : love paean ↔ harsh lampoon lampoon 풍자 (문학)
painstaking [péinztèikiŋ, péins-] a. 애쓰는 : marked by or requiring great pains; very careful and diligent
pain : analgesic :: symptom : palliative cursory ↔ painstakingly thorough cursory performed with haste and scant attention to detail
painstaking ↔ slipshod, careless slipshod 단정치 못한, 되는 로의
palatable [pǽlətəbəl] a. 구미 당기는, 맛있는; 마음에 드는 :agreeable to the palate or taste 1. acceptable to the taste; sufficiently agreeable in flavor to
be eaten 2. acceptable or agreeable to the mind or sensibilities
palatable : savory :: discernable : manifest (A << B (동의어라는 설도
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있음)) palate : mouth :: ceiling : room palate [pǽlit] 구개, 입천장; 미각; 심미안, 감상력
palatable ↔ vapid, unsavory
palatial [pəléiʃəl] a. 궁궐의; 호화로운, 웅장한 1. of or suitable for a palace 2. of the nature of a palace, as in spaciousness or
ornateness palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city, metropolis (OPPOSITE) hovel 오두막집; 가축의 우리
palatial : hovel :: bucolic : metropolis
palette [pǽlit] n. 팔레트; 물감의 색 범위 1. the range of colors used in a particular painting or by a
particular artist 2. the range of qualities inherent in nongraphic art forms
such as music and literature palette : color :: repertoire : play (index : book은 오답)
pall [pɔːl] v. 싫증나다, 흥미를 잃다 1. to become insipid. boring, or wearisome 2. to have a dulling, wearisome, or boring effect 3. to become cloyed or satiated
cloy 넌덜나게 하다 to cause distaste or disgust by supplying with too much of something originally pleasant, especially something rich or sweet; surfeit pall ↔ interest, intrigue
palliate [pǽlièit] v. 일시적으로 완화시키다 : ABATE 1. to make (an offense or crime) seem less serious;
extenuate 2. to make less severe or intense; mitigate 3. to relieve the symptoms of a disease or disorder
symptom : palliative :: pain : analgesic enervate : vigor :: palliate : nerve palliate : angry :: enfeeble : vigorous enfeeble to deprive of strength; make feeble
caustic ↔ palliating, genial palliate ↔ exacerbate, worsen, increase intensity exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of;
aggravate
pallid [pǽlər] a. 창백한, 엷은; 활기/생기 없는 1. having an abnormally pale or wan complexion 2. lacking intensity of color or luminousness 3. lacking in radiance or vitality; dull * pallor [pǽlə:r] n. 창백함, 안색이 나쁨 : extreme or
unnatural paleness pallid ↔ rubicund, piquant, sparkling, robust, sanguine, rosy, colorful, vivid, fresh
palmy [pɑ ːmi] a. 야자수의; 번영하는 : FLOURISHING, PROSPEROUS
palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity
palpable [pǽlpəbəl] a. 명백한, 만져서 느낄 수 있는 : MANIFEST, TANGIBLE
1. capable of being handled, touched, or felt; tangible 2. easily perceived; obvious * palpability n.
palpable : touch :: pliable : mold : eatable : eat palpable ↔ subtle, elliptical, imperceptible elliptical, elliptic 타원형의; 생략(법)의; 지나치게 생략한, 알기 어려
운 palpability ↔ intangibility, obscurity, distortion impalpable ↔ clear
palpitate [pǽlpətèit] v. 몹시 고동치다 : to beat rapidly and strongly : THROB
palpitate : beat :: skyrocket : ascend palpitate ↔ be calm, steady
palter [pɔ ːltər] vi. 적당히 얼버무리다 : EQUIVOCATE : to talk or act insincerely or misleadingly 1. to talk or act insincerely or misleadingly; equivocate 2. to be capricious; trifle 3. to quibble, especially in bargaining
quibble 얼버무리다, 억지를 쓰다; 속여서 빼앗다 palter : candor :: budge : diehard (A lack B) budge 조금 움직이다; (의견을) 바꾸다 to move or stir slightly; to
alter a position or attitude die-hard stubbornly resisting change or clinging to a seemingly
hopeless or outdated cause palter : candor :: betray : loyalty palter : equivocate :: (A=B) palter ↔ candor
paltry [pɔ ːltri] a. 시시한, 하찮은; 비천한, 천박한 : INFERIOR, TRASHY, TRIVIAL
1. lacking in importance or worth; trivial 2. wretched or contemptible
paltry : covet :: despicable : admire, adore paltry : significance :: random : predictability paltry ↔ significant, important, substantial, considerable
pan [pæn] n. 혹평 v. 혹평하다, 헐뜯다 n. (informal) severe criticism, especially a negative review ex. gave the film a pan / on the pan (혹평을 받아) v. To criticize or review harshly
pan : harsh :: barb : caustic pan ↔ rave, extol, eulogize rave 헛소리를 하다; 열변을 토하다
panache [pənǽʃ, -nɑ ːʃ] n. 깃털 장식; 당당한 태도, 기백 : VERVE
: dash or flamboyance in style and action dash 부딪침; 돌격, 급습; 활기, 원기; 타격 a spirited quality in action
or style; verve verve (예술 작품의) 열정, 기백
panache ↔ humility, unremarkable behavior, dullness
pancreas [pǽnkriəs, pǽŋ-] n. 췌장 insulin : pancreas :: bile : liver bile 담즙; 울화, 역정
pandemic [pændémik] a. 전국적/세계적으로 퍼진 n. 세계적 유행병 a. 1. widespread; general. 2. epidemic over a wide
geographic area: pandemic influenza. n. a pandemic disease
pandemic : disease :: conflagration : fire pandemic ↔ limited pandemic ↔ endemic endemic a.지방 특유의, 풍토성인 n. 풍토병, 지방병
pandemic : disease :: conflagration : fire conflagration 큰 화재, (전쟁, 재해 등의) 돌발
pandemonium [pæ ndəmóuniəm] n. 아수라장, 무법천지; 혼란: TUMULT a very noisy place; wild uproar or noise
pandemonium ↔ serenity
pander [pǽndər] v. 매춘을 알선하다;영합하다, (약점을)이용하다 1. to act as a go-between or liaison in sexual intrigues;
function as a procurer 2. to cater to the lower tastes and desires of others or exploit
their weakness
panegyric [pæ nədʒírik, -dʒái-] n. 찬사 1. a formal eulogistic composition intended as a public
compliment
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2. elaborate praise or laudation; an encomium panegyric : complimentary :: (CHARACTER) panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize panegyric : praise :: valediction : farewell valediction 작별, 고별; 고별사
panegyric ↔ anathema, condemnation, denunciation anathema 저주, 증오
panorama [pæ nərǽmə, -rɑ ːmə] n. 전경; 사건의 전개 1. an unbroken view of an entire surrounding area 2. a comprehensive presentation; a survey 3. a picture or series of pictures representing a continuous
scene, often exhibited a part at a time by being unrolled and passed before the spectator
4. a mental vision of a series of events * panoramic a.
panoramic ↔ narrow
pantechnicon [pæntéknikɑ n, -kən/ -kən] n. 가구 운반차; 가구 창고/진열장
pantechnicon : furniture ::
pantry [pǽntri] n. 식료품 저장실 1. a small room or closet, usually off a kitchen, where food,
tableware, linens, and similar items are stored 2. a small room used for the preparation of cold foods
pantry : comestible, food :: armory : weapons :: closet, wardrobe : clothes comestible n. 식료품, 음식 armory, arsenal 무기고
parable [pǽrəbəl] n. 우화; 비유 : a simple story illustrating a moral or religious lesson
parable : story :: homily : lecture (A ∈ B) homily 설교, 설법
paradigmatic [pæ rədigmǽtik] adj. 전형적인 : example, pattern : an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype
paradigm n. 전형 : EXAMPLE, PATTERN 1. an example that serves as pattern or model 2. a list of all the inflectional forms of a word taken as an
illustrative example of the conjugating or declension to which it belongs
paradigm, paragon : imitate :: reverence : regard corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify
paradise [pǽrədais] n. 극락, 낙원; 이상향 pleasurable : paradisical :: tiring : grueling (A << B)
paradox [pǽrədɑ ks / -dɔ ks] n. 역설, 궤변 1. a seemingly contradictory statement that may
nonetheless be true 2. one exhibiting inexplicable or contradictory aspects 3. an assertion that is essentially self-contradictory, though
based on a valid deduction from acceptable premises 4. a statement contrary to received opinion
apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox apophasis 부정 어법 allusion to something by denying that it will be
mentioned paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise paradoxical ↔ congruent, common
paragon [pǽrəgɑ n, -gən] n. 모범, 전형 : a model of excellence or perfection of a kind; a peerless
example
paragon : excellent :: hoax : frau여lent paragon : exemplary :: amendment : corrective paragon : imitate :: reverence : regard paragon : mediocre :: martinet : lenient (A에는 B가 없다 + OPPOSITE) mediocrity 평범, 보통; 범인(凡人) mediocre [mì:dióukər] 보통의, 평범한, 2류의 moderate to inferior in
quality; ordinary travesty ↔ paragon travesty 희문(戱文), 희작; 서투른 흉내
paralyze [pǽrəlàiz] v. 마비시키다 1. to affect with paralysis 2. to make powerless or ineffective
paralyze ↔ invigorate, enable, strengthen
paramount [pǽrəmàunt] a. 최고의, 주요한 : SUPREME 1. of chief concern or importance 2. supreme in rank, power, or authority
painful : agonizing :: important : paramount (A << B) agonize 몹시 괴로워하다; 필사적으로 노력하다
paramount : importance :: farthest : remoteness (A >> B, 형:명) paramount ↔ unimportant, ancillary, lowliest ancillary 부속된, 보조의 1. subordinate 2. auxiliary; helping
paranoia [pæ rənɔ iə] n. 편집증 1. a psychotic disorder characterized by delusions of
persecution or grandeur, often strenuously defended with apparent logic and reason
2. extreme, irrational distrust of others enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia :: admiring : idolatrousness
paraphrase [pǽrəfrèiz] v. 바꿔 말하다 1. a restatement of a text or passage in another form or other
words, often to clarify meaning 2. the restatement of texts in others words as a studying or
teaching device paraphrase : verbatim :: approximate : precise (OPPOSITE) verbatim [vərbéitim] 정확히 그 로 using exactly the same words;
corresponding word for word
parch [pɑːrtʃ] vi. 바싹 말리다; 굽다, 볶다 1. to make extremely dry, especially by exposure to heat 2. to make thirsty 3. to dry or roast (corn, for example) by exposing to heat
steep ↔ parch steep a. 가파른, 험준한 v. (액체에) 담그다, 적시다
parenthesis [pərénθəsis] n. (둥근) 괄호; 막간, 휴식 시간 enclose : parentheses :: separate : comma parenthesis : explanation :: ellipsis : omission
pariah [pəráiə, pǽriə] n. 따돌림 받는 사람; 부랑자, 천민 : a social outcast : outcast one that has been excluded from a society or
system pariah : ostracize :: prisoner : confine
parity [pǽrəti] n. 동등, 동격; 동일, 일치 1. equality, as in amount, status, or value 2. functional equivalence, as in the weaponry or military
strength of adversaries 3. the equivalent in value of a sum of money expressed in
terms of a different currency at a fixed, official rate of exchange
4. equality of prices of goods or securities in two different markets
parity : equivalent :: symbiosis : interdependent symbiosis 공생(共生)
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parity : equable :: (A=B, 명:형) parity ↔ inequality, incommensurateness commensurate 같은, 동등한; 어울리는, 균형 잡힌
parlance [pɑ ːrləns] n. 말투, 어조 : IDIOM 1. a particular manner or speaking; idiom 2. speech, especially a conversation or parley
parley 회담, 교섭, 협상 gait : walk :: parlance : speak
parliament n. 국회, 의회 parliament : legislation :: court : appeal
parochial [pəróukiəl] a. 교구의; 편협한, 국지적인 1. of, relating to, supported by, or located in a parish 2. narrowly restricted in scope or outlook; provincial
parochial ↔ ecumenical ecumenical 전반적인, 보편적인, 전세계적인; 세계 교회 운동
(ecumenical movement)의
parody [pǽrədi] n. 풍자 parody : style :: mime : gesture ode : poetry :: spoof : parody spoof (악의 없는) 놀림, 조롱
paroxysm [pǽrəksìzəm] n. (감정, 행동의) 폭발 : OUTBURST : a sudden outburst of emotion or action
paroxysm : sudden :: ruse : deceptive (A는 B의 속성을 지님) ruse 계략, 책략 a crafty stratagem; a subterfuge subterfuge 핑계, 구실 a deceptive stratagem or device
parquetry [pɑ ːrkitri] n. (마루) 조각 나무 세공 fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor (A decorate B) parquet : wood :: mosaic : glass
parrot [pǽrət] v. 뜻도 모르고 흉내 내다 : to repeat or imitate, especially without understanding
babble : sense :: parrot : originality (LACK)
parry [pǽri] v. 받아넘기다, 회피하다 1. to deflect or ward off (a fencing thrust, for example) 2. to deflect, evade, or avoid
duty : shirk :: question : parry parry : question :: deflect : criticism :: shirk : duty deflect 빗나가게 하다, 굴절시키다 to turn aside or cause to turn
aside; bend or deviate
parse [pɑːrs] v. 문장을 분석하다; 세 히 조사하다 1. to break (a sentence down) into its component parts of
speech with an explanation of the form, function, and syntactical relationship of each part
2. to describe (a word) by stating its part of speech, form, and syntactical relationships in a sentence
3. to examine closely or subject to detailed analysis, especially by breaking up into components
scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse specimen 견본; 표본 dissect 절단하다, 해부하다; 세 히 조사/분석하다
parsimony [pɑ ːrsəmòuni / -məni] n. 인색 : THRIFT 1. unusual or excessive frugality; extreme economy or
stinginess 2. adoption of the simplest assumption in the formulation
of a theory or in the interpretation of data, especially in accordance with the rule of Ockham's razor
* parsimonious adj. craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift craven 비겁한, 심약한 characterized by abject fear; cowardly
curt : words :: parsimonious : resource curt 짧은, 간략한; 무뚝뚝한, 퉁명스러운
parsimonious : waste :: taciturn : speak parsimony : waste :: teetotaler : alcohol miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal parsimonious : save :: prodigal : spend parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk skimp 절약하다; 인색하게 굴다
parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn peremptory 지엄한, 단호한; 위압적인, 거만스러운
parsimony : miser :: rebellious : insurgent insurgent 반란을 일으키는, 반란자
parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride (A >> B) hubris 자신 과잉, 교만 overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance
tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous (EQUAL) brat 애새끼 a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one mischievous 해를 끼치는, 유해한; 장난치기 좋아하는, 짓궂은
parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance (OPPOSITE) profligate 방탕한, 부도덕한; 낭비하는
parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen (OPPOSITE) hidebound : innovation :: parsimonious : expenditure parsimony : frugality :: hubris : self-confidence (A >> B) parsimonious : prodigal :: (OPPOSITE) largesse ↔ parsimony largesse [la:rdʒés] 아낌없이 선물함, 후함 generosity of spirit or
attitude parsimonious ↔ wasteful, liberal, profligate, prodigal, munificent, lavish, generous, extravagant
partial [pɑ :r∫:əl] a. 일부의, 부분적인; 편파적인(biased), 불공평한
(unfair); 편애하는 1. of, relating to, being or affecting only a part; not total;
incomplete 2. favoring one person or side over another or others; biased
or prejudiced 3. having a particular liking or fondness for something or
someone partial ↔ dispassionate dispassionate 냉정한; 선입관이 없는, 공평한
partiality [pɑ ːrʃiǽləti] n. 편견, 불공평, 편애 : BIAS 1. the state of being partial 2. favorable prejudice or bias 3. a special fondness; a predilection
particularize [pərtíkjələràiz] v. 개별적으로 상세히 말하다; 특수
화하다 : SPECIFY 1. to mention, describe, or treat individually; itemize or
specify 2. to make particular as opposed to general or universal
illustrate : pictures :: particularize : details
partisan [pɑ ːrtəzən / pɑ ːrtizǽn] n. 추종자, 동지; 게릴라 원, 유격병
1. a fervent, sometimes militant supporter or proponent of a party, cause, faction, person, or idea
2. a member of an organized body of fighters who attack or harass an enemy, especially within occupied territory; a guerrilla
authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans allegiance 충성, 헌신; 신하의 의무
patriot : country :: partisan : cause partisan : moderate :: rash : circumspect circumspect 신중한 heedful of circumstances and potential
consequences; prudent
partition [pa:rtí∫:ən] n. 분배, 배분; 구분; 경계; 격막 partition ↔ unity
passionate [pǽʃənit] a. 다혈질의, 정열적인, 감정적인; 강렬한
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1. capable of, having, or dominated by powerful emotions 2. wrathful by temperament; choleric 3. marked by strong sexual desire; amorous or lustful 4. showing or expressing strong emotion; ardent 5. arising from or marked by passion
pastiche [pæstíːʃ] n. 모방 작품; 잡동사니(hodgepodge) pasticcio [pæstí:tʃou] = pastiche [pæstí:ʃ] 1. a dramatic, literary, or musical piece openly imitating the
previous works of other artists, often with satirical intent 2. a pasticcio of incongruous parts; a hodgepodge
pastiche ↔ original work
pastoral [pǽstərəl|pá:s-] a. 전원적인 n. 목가 pastoral ↔ urban
pat [pæt] adj. 능숙한, 적절한, 꼭 맞는 adv. 정확히 pat ↔ not suitable, unrehearsed
patchwork [pǽt∫wə:rk] n. 쪽모이 세공; 잡동사니; 미봉책 1. needlework consisting of varicolored patches of material
sewn together, as in a quilt 2. a collection of miscellaneous or incongruous parts; a
jumble
patent [pǽtənt, péit-] a. 특허의; 명백한, 공공연한 : OBVIOUS, PLAIN
1. a. protected or conferred by a patent or letters patent b. of, relating to, or dealing in patents
2. obvious; plain accessible, patent ↔ abstruse, not evident, occult, recondite patent ↔ vague, hidden, disguised, ambiguous nuance ↔ patent difference occult ↔ bare, patent occult 신비한, 불가사의한, 초자연적인; 비 의
patent ↔ not evident, recondite, abstruse recondite 난해한; 감추어진
pathogen [pǽθədʒən] n. 병원균 : an agent that causes disease, especially a living
microorganism stimulation : arousal :: pathogen : diseasing (A cause B)
pathology [pəθɑ lədʒi / -θɔ l-] n. 병리학; 변이 1. the scientific study of the nature of disease and its
causes, processes, development, and consequences 2. a departure or deviation from a normal condition pathological a. 병적인
pathological ↔ normal
patina [pǽtənə] n. (청동에 낀) 녹청; (오래 써서 생긴) 윤기, 고색(古色); 겉치레적인 품격
1. a thin greenish layer, usually basic copper sulfate, that forms on copper or copper alloys, such as bronze, as a result of corrosion
2. the sheen on any surface, produced by age and use 3. a change in appearance produced by long-standing
behavior, practice, or use the patina of wealth : the attractive or impressive
appearance of wealth (롱맨) patina ↔ essential quality
patrician [pətrí∫ən] n. 지위가 높은 사람, 귀족 base ↔ partician
patriot [péitriət, -ɑ t / pǽtriət] n. 애국자 : one who loves, supports, and defends one's country
patriot : country :: partisan : cause patriotic : chauvinistic :: receptive : gullible
patron [péitrən] n. 단골, 고객; 후원자 patron : support :: apologist : defend apologist 변호인, 지지자, 옹호자
patronize [péitrənàiz, pǽt-] v.t. 후원/보호하다; 단골로 삼다, 애용하다; 생색내며 도와주다 1. to act as a patron to; support or sponsor 2. to go to as a customer, especially on a regular basis 3. to treat in a condescending manner
condescend 자신을 낮추다; 생색내며 하다 condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) patronize ↔ boycott
paucity [pɔ ːsəti] n. 소량, 부족 1. smallness of number; fewness 2. scarcity; dearth
paucity ↔ slew, profusion, plethora, abundance, excess, glut slew 다량 a large amount or number; a lot
paunchy [pɔːntʃi, pɑːntʃi] a. 똥배가 나온, 올챙이배의 : having a potbelly
svelte ↔ paunchy and awkward svelte 날씬한, 유연한; 세련되고 품위 있는 slender or graceful in
figure or outline; slim
pauper [pɔ ːpər] n. 극빈자, 빈민 1. one who is extremely poor 2. one living on or eligible for public charity
eligible 적격의, 적임의, 바람직한
pebble [pébəl] n. 조약돌 : a small usually rounded stone, especially one worn smooth
by erosion droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide landslide 산사태; 사태로 무너진 토사; 승리
peccadillo [pèkədílou] n. 작은 죄 : a small sin or fault
glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense glitch 조그만 결함, 사소한 고장
peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B) peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture :: mishap : accident :: creek :: river :: knoll : hill :: hillock : mountain (A는 작은 B)
peccadillo : offense :: cameo : role crime : peccadillo :: quarrel : tiff (빅북)
peck [pek] v. (부리로) 쪼다, 쪼아서 뚫다; 가볍게 키스하다 : to kiss briefly and casually
peck : kiss :: glance : look peck : kiss :: peep : sound peep (어린 새처럼 높은 소리로) 말하다 엿보다 to peek furtively; steal a quick glance
pedagogue [pédəgɑ g, -gɔ ːg] n. 선생, 교육자; 학자인 체 하는 교육자
1. a schoolteacher; an educator 2. one who instructs in a pedantic or dogmatic manner
pedagogue : instruct :: exponent : advocate stickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate indoctrinate 가르치다, (사상 등을) 심어주다
pedant [pédənt] n. 현학자, 규칙(book learning and formal rules)만 찾는 사람
1. one who pays undue attention to book learning and formal rules
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2. one who exhibits one's learning or scholarship ostentatiously
pedant : learning :: martinet : discipline :: dandy : dress (chicanery : trickery는 오답)
mawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship mawkish 지나치게 감상적인; (맛이) 역겨운
scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish (A << B) prude 지나치게 얌전빼는 사람
moralistic : principled :: pedantic : learned (A >> B) moralistic (지나치게) 도덕적인 marked by a narrow-minded morality
outspoken : saucy : erudite : pedantic (A << B) outspoken 솔직한 saucy 건방진, 뻔뻔스러운 erudition deep, extensive learning
pedantic : scholar :: histrionic : actor histrionic 연기의, 배우의; 지나치게 꾸민 excessively dramatic or
emotional; affected pedantic ↔ hasty hasty; done or made too quickly to be accurate or wise, impetuous
pedestal [pedəstl] n. (조각상 등의) 좌, 토 ; 기반, 근거; 중요한 지위
1. an architectural support or base, as for a column or statue
2. a support or foundation 3. a position of high regard or adoration
pedestal : statue :: foundation : house
predestine [pri:déstin] v. 숙명지우다, 운명짓다 : to fix upon, decide, or decree in advance; foreordain
predestine ↔ leave to chance
pedestrian [pədéstriən] a. 도보의; 평범한, 산문적인 : COMMONPLACE, UNIMAGINATIVE, ORDINARY 1. of, relating to, or made for pedestrians 2. going or performed on foot 3. undistinguished; ordinary
pedestrian : surprise :: (A에는 B할 속성이 없는) pedestrian ↔ admirable, inspired, imaginative, uncommon, marvelous, rarefied, noble, inspired
pediatrics [pì:diǽtriks] n. 소아과 pediatrics : children :: dermatology : skin
peep [piːp] v. (어린 새처럼 높은 소리로) 말하다 1. to utter short, soft, high-pitched sounds, like those of a
baby bird 2. to speak in a hesitant, thin, high-pitched voice
엿보다 to peek furtively; steal a quick glance peep : sound :: peck : kiss :: pinch : quantity
peer [piə:r] n. 동료, 친구; 귀족 1. a person who has equal standing with another or others,
as in rank, class, or age 2. a. a nobleman b. a man who holds a peerage by descent
or appointment peer ↔ a subordinate person
peerless [piərlis] a. 비길 데 없는, 무쌍의(matchless) : being such as to have no match; incomparable
peerlessness ↔ equality
peeve [piːv] v. 짜증나게 하다 : ANNOY to cause to be annoyed or resentful
pontificating, patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) pontificate 오만한 태도를 보이다; 주교의 임무를 수행하다
peeved : annoy :: saturated : wet placate ↔ peeve
peevish [píːviʃ] a. 성미가 까다로운, 화를 잘 내는 1. a. querulous or discontented b. ill-tempered 2. contrary; fractious
peevish ↔ good-natured, simple
pejorative [pidʒɑ rətiv,-dʒɔ ːr-, pédʒə-, píːdʒə-] a.가치를 떨어뜨 리는; 경멸적인 : DEPRECIATORY 1. tending to make or become worse 2. disparaging; belittling
pejorative ↔ laudatory, meliorative meliorate 개선하다 to make better; improve
pelf [pelf] n. 돈, 부 : wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired
pelf : impecunious :: experience : green
pell-mell [pélmél] adv. 뒤죽박죽으로 a.뒤죽박죽의 n.뒤죽박죽 pell-mell ↔ orderly
pellucid [pəlú:sid] a. 투명한; 이해하기 쉬운 1. admitting the passage of light; transparent or translucent 2. transparently clear in style or meaning
venial : excuse :: pellucid : understand venial 용서할 수 있는; 사소한, 가벼운 easily excused or forgiven;
pardonable murky ↔ pellucid, clear, limpid limpid 맑은, 투명한; 명석한
pen [pen] n. 백조의 암컷 swan : pen :: sheep : ewe ewe 양의 암컷
penalty [pénəlti] n. 형벌, 벌금 1. a punishment established by law or authority for a crime
or an offense 2. something, especially a sum of money, required as a forfeit
for an offense 3. the disadvantage or painful consequences resulting from
an action or a condition exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty exempt (의무, 책임 등을) 면제하다
penchant [péntʃənt] n. 경향, 편애 : LIKING : a definite liking; a strong and continued inclination
penchant ↔ aversion, dislike, repugnance
penetrate [pénətrèit] v. 관통하다, 스며들다, 퍼지다, 파고들다 1. To enter or force a way into; pierce. 2. a. To enter into and permeate: The insistent rhythm of
piano practice penetrated each room of the house. b. To cause to be permeated or diffused; steep.
3. To pierce or enter into something; make a way in or through something.
*비교. impenetrate : v.t.~에 깊이(완전히) 침투하다 impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid ineluctable 불가피한, 면할 수 없는 not to be avoided or escaped;
inevitable knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable penetrating ↔ obtuse penetrating 꿰뚫는, 관통하는, 통찰력 있는, 날카로운
penitent [pénətənt] a. 참회하는, 뉘우치는 : REPENTANT : feeling or expressing remorse for one's misdeeds or sins
penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE) penitent : contrition :: belligerent : aggression penitent : remorse :: (EQUAL, 형 : 명) remorse 참회 moral anguish arising from repentance for past
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misdeeds; bitter regret rueful, contrite, remorseful ↔ impenitent rueful 비참한, 후회하는 rue 뉘우치다, 후회하다 to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for contrite 회개한; 후회의 빛을 보이는
penitence ↔ obduracy penitent ↔ obdurate
pensive [pénsiv] a. 수심에 잠긴; 애수를 띤 1. deeply, often wistfully or dreamily thoughtful 2. suggestive or expressive of melancholy thoughtfulness
lamentable : pensive :: museful : ruminative (EQUAL) muse 심사숙고하다, 생각에 잠기다 ruminate 반추하다; 심사숙고하다
penury [pénjəri] n. 궁핍 1. extreme want or poverty; destitution 2. extreme dearth; barrenness or insufficiency
frugal : penurious :: firm : obdurate (A << B) incognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthy incognizant 모르는, 알아채지 못하는 lacking knowledge or
awareness; unaware penury, penuriousness ↔ affluence, largesse penurious ↔ lavish, spendthrift
pep [pep] n. 원기 : brisk energy or initiative and high spirits
pep ↔ languor, enervation
perambulate [pərǽmbjəleit] v. 순회하다, 걸어 다니다; 답사하다 1. to walk through 2. to inspect (an area) on foot
foot : perambulate :; eye : observe
perceivable [pərsí:vəbl] adj. 지각(감지)할 수 있는, 인지할 수 있는 perceivable : discernable :: impulsive : spontaneous perceive ↔ neglect
perceptible [pərséptəbəl] a. 지각/인식할 수 있는 PERCEIVABLE; 꽤 많은 상당한
capable of being perceived by the senses or the mind relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious (A << B) perceptible : hidden :: (B하면 A할 수 없는) perceptible : discernable :: impulsive : spontaneous
percipient [pərsípiənt] adj. 지각(감지)하는, 지각력 있는 n. 지각
(식별)하는 사람 percipient : discernment ::
perdition [pərdíʃən] n. 멸망 1 a archaic : utter destruction b obsolete : LOSS 2 a . eternal damnation b. HELL
perdition ↔ salvation
peregrinate [péregreneit] v. 여러 나라를 장기간 여행하다 peregrinate ↔ stick to one place
peremptory [pərémptəri, pérəmptɔ ːri] a. 위압적인, 명령적인 1. putting an end to all debate or action 결정적인 2. not allowing contradiction or refusal; imperative
‘dispute 못하도록’ 위압적인 3. having the nature of or expressing a command; urgent
명령적인 4. offensively self-assured; dictatorial 거만스러운
parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn peremptory : dispute :: prohibitive : purchase (A하면 B하기 힘든) prohibitive (값이) 터무니없는, 못하게 하는 peremptory ↔ open to challenge, humble, modest, self-effacing
perennial [pəréniəl] a. 연중 계속되는, 다년생의; 지속적인,
영구적인; 반복적인 1. lasting or active through the year or through many years 2. a. lasting an indefinitely long time; enduring b. appearing again and again; recurrent
perennial ↔ fleeting fleeting; passing quickly; ephemeral
perfervid [pəːrfə ːrvid] a. 열정적인, 열렬한 : IMPASSIONED : extremely or extravagantly eager; impassioned or zealous
perfervid ↔ impassive, tepid
perfidy [pə ːrfədi] n. 배반 (행위) : TREACHERY 1. deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust;
treachery 2. the act or an instance of treachery * perfidious adj.
exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty (OPPOSITE) perfidious : trust :: disreputable : esteem (impatient : calmness는 오답) perfidy : credibility :: perfidious ↔ faithful, loyal, trustworthy perfidy ↔ fealty, faithfulness, fidelity, loyalty, honesty fealty 충성, 충성의 맹세
perforate [pə ːrfərèit] v. ∼에 구멍을 뚫다 : to pierce, punch, or bore a hole or holes in; penetrate
perforate : hole :: pleat : fold :: stipple : dot pleat ~에 주름을 잡다
perforate ↔ caulk caulk [kɔ:k] 막다 to make watertight or airtight by filling or sealing
perfunctory [pəːrfʌ ŋktərəli] a. 형식적인, 겉치레의; 열의 없는, 무관심한
1. done routinely and with little interest or care 2. acting with indifference; showing little interest or care
perfunctory : depth :: insolent : veneration perfunctory : depth :: obstinacy : flexibility perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration insolent 오만한, 거만한
perfunctory ↔ enthusiastic, careful, meticulous, conscientious(0706)
perigee [pérədʒìː] n. 근지점 1. the point in the orbit of an object (as a satellite) orbiting
the earth that is nearest to the center of the earth 2. the point nearest a planet or a satellite (as the moon)
reached by an object orbiting it - compare APOGEE perigee ↔ apogee
peril [pérəl] 위험, (임박한) 위기; 모험 1. a. imminent danger b. exposure to the risk of harm or loss 2. something that endangers or involves risk
peril ↔ security
perilous [pérələs] a. 위험하기 짝이 없는 : full of or involving peril; dangerous
perilous : danger :: impartial : mediator
perimeter [pərímitər] n. 주변, 주위 1. (mathematics) a. a closed curve bounding a plane area b.
the length of such a boundary 2. the outer limits of an area 3. a fortified strip or boundary usually protecting a military
position country : border :: circle : perimeter
periodical [piriádikəl|-ɔ d-] n. (일간 신문 이외의) 정기 간행물, 잡지 1. periodic 2. a. published at regular intervals of more than one day b. of or relating to a publication issued at such intervals
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magazine : periodical :: mystery : fiction (A ∈ B)
peripatetic [pèrəpətétik] a. 아리스토텔레스학파의; 떠돌아다니
는, 순회하는 : ITINERANT : walking about or from place to place; traveling on foot
peripatetic ↔ stationary, rooted, sedentary
peripheral [pərífərəl] a. 주위의; 지엽의, 말초의; 하찮은, 부수적인 1. related to, located in, or constituting an outer boundary
or periphery 2. perceived or perceiving near the outer edges of the
retina 3. of minor relevance or importance 4. auxiliary * periphery n.
immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center (OPPOSITE) immaterial 중요하지 않은, 하찮은; 비물질적인, 무형의
peripheral : pivotal :: crux ↔ peripheral element peripheral ↔ central, in essence, crucial, vital, pivotal, intrinsic, needed
periphery ↔ important part, core, center, central area
perish [péri∫] v. 죽다; 사라지다, 소멸하다 1. to die or be destroyed, especially in a violent or untimely
manner 2. to pass from existence; disappear gradually
perish ↔ survive
perjure [pə :rd3ə:r] v. 위증하다 : to render (oneself) guilty of perjury by deliberately
testifying falsely under oath perjure ↔ depose, attest depose 퇴위/면직시키다; 선서 증언하다
perjury [pə ːrdʒəri] n. 위증(죄); 거짓말 1. (law) the deliberate, willful giving of false, misleading, or
incomplete testimony under oath 2. the breach of an oath or a promise
oath : false swearing :: perjury : deposition (OPPOSITE) deposition 면직, 폐위; 퇴적, 침전물; 증언
calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony (OPPOSITE) calumny 명예 훼손, 중상, 비방
perjury ↔ truthful deposition, testimony deposition 면직, 폐위; 퇴적, 침전(물); 기탁, 공탁; 증언
permanent [pə ːrmənənt] a. 영구한, 영속적인; 불변의 1. lasting or remaining without essential change 2. not expected to change in status, condition, or place
evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency (WITHOUT 혹은 OPPOSITE) archaic 구식인, 낡은; 고 의; 초기의
heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent (OPPOSITE) erratic 별난, 이상한; 변덕스러운
opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience opportune 적당한; 시기적절한
transitory : permanence :: achromatic : hue extinction ↔ perpetuation, permanence interim, ephemeral, labile ↔ permanent, perpetual interim 잠시, 막간 an interval of time between one event, process,
or period and another labile [léibàil] 변화기 쉬운(changeable), 불안정한(unstable); 유연한,
적응성 있는 transience ↔ permanence permanent ↔ transitory
permeable [pə ːrmiəbəl] a. 투과성의 : PENETRABLE : that can be permeated or penetrated, especially by liquids
or gasses * permeate 삼투/투과하다 To spread or flow throughout;
pervade * impermeable adj. 빠져나갈 수 없는, 불침투성의
knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid impenetrate : permeable :: impenetrate : ~에 깊이(완전히) 침투하다 penetrate : impermeable :: change : immutable :: profane : inviolable inviolable 불가침의, 신성한
waterproof ↔ permeable impermeable ↔ easily penetrated diaphanous ↔ impermeable of light
permissive [pəːrmísiv] a. 허용된, 묵인된; 자유방임의, 관 한 1. granting or inclined to grant permission; tolerant or lenient 2. permitting discretion; optional
permissiveness ↔ intolerance
permute [pərmjú:t] v. ~을 변경하다, 바꾸다, 치환하다 To change the order of
permute : rearranged :: condense : abridged permute ↔ make stable, keep consistently
pernicious [pəːrníʃəs] a. 파멸적인, 해로운; 치명적인 : DEADLY 1. tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly 2. causing great harm; destructive
pernicious : injure :: disingenuous : mislead disingenuous 부정직한, 표리부동의 not straightforward or candid;
crafty pernicious, virulent ↔ salutary, salubrious salutary 유익한, 건전한, 이로운
perorate [pérərèit] v. 상세히 말하다; 맺음말을 하다 1. to conclude a speech with a formal recapitulation 2. to speak at great length, often in a grandiloquent manner;
declaim peroration : speech : coda : sonata
perpetual [pərpétʃuəl] a. 영구적인, 끊임없는 : EVERLASTING 1. lasting for eternity 2. continuing or lasting for an indefinitely long time 3. instituted to be in effect or have tenure for an unlimited
duration 4. continuing without interruption 5. flowering throughout the growing season
constant : perpetuate :: transient : vanish (형 : 동) perpetual : eternity :: fretful : discontinuity perpetuity : time :: perpetuation ↔ extinction transitory, transient, ephemeral, intermittent ↔ permanent, perpetual transient 일시적인, 덧없는 transitory existing or lasting only a short time; short-lived or temporary
debunk ↔ perpetuate to sham debunk 정체를 폭로하다, 가면을 벗기다
perpetual ↔ transitory, ephemeral, transient perpetuity ↔ short in time, transitoriness
perplex [pərpléks] v, 당혹케 하다, 혼란에 빠트리다(entangle) 1. to confuse or trouble with uncertainty or doubt 2. to make confusedly intricate; complicate
perplex ↔ clarify, enlighten
persecute [pə ːrsikjùːt] v.t. 학 하다, 박해하다; 귀찮게 하다, 괴롭히다
1. to oppress or harass with ill-treatment, especially because of race, religion, sexual orientation, or beliefs
2. to annoy persistently; bother persecute : injure :: haunt : remember (A >> B) haunt 자주 들르다; (생각 등이) 끊임없이 떠오르다
persevere [pə ːrsəvíər] vi. (어려움, 장애를 딛고) 꾸준히 해내다
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: to persist in or remain constant to a purpose, an idea, or a task in the face of obstacles or discouragement
persevere : enduring :: persevere ↔ give up perseverance ↔ cessation of effort
persiflage [pə ːrsəflɑ ːʒ, pɛ ərsiflɑ ːʒ] n. 희롱, 농담, 익살; 경박함 1. light good-natured talk; banter 2. light or frivolous manner of discussing a subject
frivolous 시시한, 하찮은; 어리석은 persiflage : frivolous :: persiflage : incite :: exhortation : motivate exhortation 권고, 권장; 충고의 말, 추천사
persistence [pərsístəns] n. 인내, 불굴; 영속, 지속(성) persistence : tenacious :: urbaneness, urbanity : sophiscated persistence ↔ inconstancy, transience
personable [pə ːrsənəbəl] a. 호감 가는 : ATTRACTIVE : pleasing in personality or appearance; attractive
personable ↔ unattractive
perspective [pəːrspéktiv] n. 조망, 경치; 전망, 전도, 예상 1. the technique of representing 3-D objects and depth
relationships on a 2-D surface 2. a. a view or vista b. a mental view or outlook 3. the appearance of objects in depth as perceived by
normal binocular vision 4. a. the relationship of aspects of a subject to each other
and to a whole b. subjective evaluation of relative significance; a point of
view c. the ability to perceive things in their actual nterrelations
or comparative importance
perspicacious [pə ːrspəkéiʃəs] a. 통찰력 있는, 명민한 : KEEN : having or showing penetrating mental discernment; clear-
sighted perspicacity : hidden :: perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist (A한 사람은 B가 아니다) (timidity : accost는 오답) rectitude 공정, 정직, 옳음
perspicacious : discernment :: perspicacity : acumen :: (CHARACTER) perspicacious ↔ obtuse, undiscerned, dull, lack of discernment, lackluster, inattentive, imperceptive, unclear, vague, ambiguous
perspicacity ↔ indiscernment
perspicuous [pə ːrspəkjúːəs] a. 명확한, 명쾌한 : clearly expressed or presented; easy to understand
perspicuous ↔ dull perspicuity ↔ opacity
pert [pəːrt] a.뻔뻔스러운,주제넘은,건방진;(의복,언동 등이)멋진 1.trim and stylish in appearance; jaunty 2. high-spirited; vivacious 3. impudently bold; saucy
pertain [pərtéin] v. 관련되다; 적합하다 1. to have reference; relate 2. to belong as an adjunct, part, holding, or quality 3. to be fitting or suitable
pertain ↔ be irrelevant
pertinacious [pə ːrtənéiʃəs] a. 끈질긴, 고수하는 1. holding tenaciously to a purpose, belief, opinion, or
course of action 2. stubbornly or perversely persistent * pertinacity n. 끈덕짐, 끈질김, 불굴, 완강, 집요
pertinacious : capitulate :: forthright : dissimulate inexperience : green :: pertinacity : refractory pertinacity : yield :: pertinacious ↔ tractable, pliable, irresolute, capricious, pliant pertinacity ↔ vacillation
pertinent [pə ːrtənənt] a. 관계있는, 적절한 : having logical, precise relevance to the matter at hand
pertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluity immaterial ↔ pertinent, relevant immaterial 중요하지 않은, 하찮은; 비물질적인, 무형의
pertinent ↔ irrelevant, immaterial pertinence ↔ lack of relevance cogent : validity :: germane : pertinence (A는 B를 갖고 있음)
perturb [pərtə ːrb] v.t. 당황하게 하다, 교란하다 : DISQUIET 1. to disturb greatly; make uneasy or anxious 2. to throw into great confusion
impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy impassive 무감동의, 냉담한; 냉정한, 침착한; 인사불성의 voracious 걸신들린; 물릴 줄 모르는
stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy avaricious 탐욕적인; 몹시 원하는 immoderately desirous of wealth or
gain; greedy perturb : serenity :: reassure : doubt :: console : grief perturbation ↔ serenity, equanimity equanimity 침착, 평정; 체념 the quality of being calm and even-
tempered; composure
peruse [pərú:z] v. 숙독/정독하다; 자세히 조사하다, 음미하다 : to read or examine, typically with great care
peruse : smattering :: stare : leer leer 곁눈질을 하다, 흘겨보다
peruse ↔ glance at
pervade [pərvéid] v.t. 널리 퍼지다, 배어들다, 충만하다 : to be present throughout; permeate * pervasive adj.
permeate 충만하다; 투과하다 to spread or flow throughout; pervade pervasive : avoid :: rigid : bend pervade ↔ relieve, empty, withdraw, leave pervasive ↔ not widely distributed, narrowed pervasiveness ↔ limited distribution
perverse [pərv ə :rs] a. 외고집인, 심굴궂은; 성미가 비꼬인; 사악한, 불법의; 마음 로 안 되는
1. directed away from what is right or good; perverted 2. obstinately persisting in an error or a fault; wrongly self-
willed or stubborn 3. a. marked by a disposition to oppose and contradict b.
arising from such a disposition 4. cranky; peevish
cranky 성미가 까다로운; 변덕스러운; 꼬불꼬불한
pervert [pərvə :rt] v. 빗나가다, 그르치다; 타락/부패시키다 1. to cause to turn away from what is right, proper, or good;
corrupt 2. to bring to a bad or worse condition; debase 3. to put to a wrong or improper use; misuse 4. to interpret incorrectly; misconstrue or distort
pessimism [pésəmìzəm] n. 염세주의, 비관주의 1. a tendency to stress the negative or unfavorable or to take
the gloomiest possible view 2. the doctrine or belief that this is the worst of all possible
worlds and that all things ultimately tend toward evil 3. the doctrine or belief that the evil in the world outweights
the good
pesticide [péstəsàid] n. 살충제
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: a chemical used to kill pests, especially insects insect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide herbicide 제초제(weed-killer)
pestle [péstl] n. 절굿공이 1. a club-shaped, hand-held tool for grinding or mashing
substances in a mortar 2. a large bar moved vertically to stamp or pound, as in a
press or mill hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar awl : pierce :: pestle : hash awl [ɔ:l] 송곳
pestle : grind :: flint stone : spark :: spice : flavor :: whetstone : sharpen :: spoon : stir flint 부싯돌
petition [pitíʃən] v. 간청/탄원하다 : SOLICIT : to make a request, especially formally
minion : dependent :: groveler : petitionary minion 앞잡이, 부하; 총애 받는 사람 grovel 기다, 엎드리다; 비굴하게 굴다
petrify [pétrəfai] v. 석화하다, 돌같이 만들다;무감각하게 하다;멍하게 만들다
1. to convert (wood or other organic matter) into a stony replica by petrifaction
2. to cause to become stiff or stonelike; deaden 3. to stun or paralyze with terror; daze
petrify : stone :: evaporate : vapor
petroglyph, petrograph [pétrəglif] n. (선사 시 의) 암각 선화 (조각)
: a carving or line drawing on rock, especially one made by prehistoric people
petroglyph, petrograph : rock :: mural : wall mural 벽화
petty [péti] a. 하찮은, 시시한; 옹졸한:MINOR, SUBORDINATE, SMALL-MINDED
1. of small importance; trivial 2. marked by narrowness of mind, ideas, or views 3. marked by meanness or lack of generosity, especially in
trifling matters 4. secondary in importance or rank; subordinate
petty : notice :: contemptible : respect (A = B하기 어려운)
petulant [pétʃələnt] a. 안달하는, 초조해하는, 성마른; 변덕스러운; 건방진 1. unreasonably irritable or ill-tempered; peevish 2. contemptuous in speech or behavior
peevish 성미가 까다로운; 성마른, 화를 잘 내는
phantom [fǽntəm] n. 환영, 환상 adj. 환영의, 착각의, 유령의 phantom ↔ actual
phenomenal [finɑ mənl / -nɔ m-] a. 괄목할만한, 보통 아닌 : EXTRAORDINARY, REMARKABLE, OUTSTANDING
1. of, relating to, or constituting phenomena or a phenomenon
2. extraordinary; outstanding 3. (philosophy) known or derived through the senses rather
than through the mind phenomenal ↔ ordinary, unexceptional, commonplace
philanthropic [fìlənθrɑ pik / -θrɔ p-] a. 박애주의의, 인자한 : HUMANITARIAN
1. of, relating to, or marked by philanthropy; humanitarian 2. organized to provide humanitarian or charitable
assistance
philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humor resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality :: philanthropic : mercy
philanthropist : endow :: prevaricator : mislead philanthropist : eleemosynary :: eleemosynary [èləmásənèri] 은혜를 베푸는, 적선하는
philately [filǽtəli] n. 우표 수집/연구(stamp collecting) philatelist : stamps :: numismatist : coins numismatics [njù:mizmǽtiks] 화폐 연구/수집
philistine [fíləstìːn, filístiːn, fílistàin] n. (문화, 예술에 관심이 없는) 문외한, 속물, a. 교양없는, 속물의, 무취미한
dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated (A는 B일 수 없는+B는 A의 OPPOSITE 단어) dawdle 시간을 낭비하다, 빈둥거리며 지내다, 꾸물 다 punctilious 형식에 치우친, 딱딱한
philistine ↔ aesthete aesthete 심미안이 있는 사람, 예술 애호가
philippic [filípik] n. 필립포스 왕 공격 연설, 맹렬한 공격[매도] 연설 (웅변가 Demosthenes가 Macedonia 왕 Philip 2세를 그리
스의 적으로서 공격한 12가지의 연설) : a verbal denunciation characterized by harsh, often
insulting language; a tirade brevity : epigram :: condemnation, vituperation : philippic
philosophical [fìləsɑ fikəl / -sɔ f-] a. 철학의; 이성적인, 냉정한 1. of, relating to, or based on a system of philosophy 2. characteristic of a philosopher, as in equanimity,
enlightenment, and wisdom
phlegmatic [flegmǽtik] a. 무기력한, 게으른; 냉담한, 침착한 : IMPASSIVE
: having or suggesting a calm, sluggish temperament; unemotional
intractable : manage :: phlegmatic : provoke (A = B하기 힘든) phlegmatic : unsettled :: (OPPOSITE) phlegmatic : arouse :: (A = B하기 힘든) phlegmatic : vivid :: phlegmatic ↔ unsettled, spirited, vivacious, sprightly, lively, vivid, exhilarated
piddling [pídliŋ] a. 사소한, 하찮은 : TRIVIAL, PALTRY : so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's consideration
paltry 시시한, 하찮은; 비천한, 비열한 lacking in importance or worth; wretched or contemptible restive : calm :: piddling : considerable (OPPOSITE) restive 들뜬, 안절부절 못하는; 다루기 힘든, 고집 센
piebald [pɑ ibo:ld] a. 얼룩덜룩한 : spotted or patched, especially in black and white
piebald ↔ monotonous pied ↔ solid-colored pied 얼룩인, 잡색인 patchy in color; splotched or piebald
pigment [pígmənt] n. 색소 albino : pigment :: prairie : tree (LACK) albino [ælbáinou] 백색증, 색소 결핍증
pigment : color :: spice : flavor
pilfer [pílfər] v. 훔치다, 좀도둑질을 하다 : to steal (a small amount or item)
abscond : depart :: pilfer : take :: lurk : wait (DEFECTIVE)
pillar [pílər] n. 기둥, 지주; 중심인물, 동량 : POST 1. a. a slender, freestanding, vertical support; a column b. such a structure or one similar to it used for decoration 2. one who occupies a central or responsible position
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colonnade : pillar :: queue : person colonnade 주랑
stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support stockade 방책; 울타리
derelict ↔ pillar of society derelict 폐기물; 낙오자, 부랑자
pillory [píləri] n. 오명, 조롱 v. 웃음거리로 만들다; 형틀 벌을 내리다 : a wooden framework on a post, with holes for the head
and hands, in which offenders were formerly locked to be exposed to public scorn as punishment
1. to expose to ridicule and abuse 2. to put in a pillory as punishment
punish : pillory :: tell : proclaim (B는 A를 공개적으로 하는 것) pillory : ridicule :: guillotine : execute (A = B하기 위한 도구) pillory ↔ exalt, praise publicly exalt (지위를) 높이다; 우쭐하게 하다; 칭찬/찬양하다
pilot [páilət] n. 조종사, (배의) 조타수 : HELMSMAN helmsman [hélmzmən] 조타수 a person who steers a ship
pilot : ship :: conductor : orchestra
pinch [pintʃ] n. 꼬집기, 집기, 깨물기(nip); 조금, 한 번 집기; 고생, 고난 1. the act or an instance of pinching 2. an amount that can be held between thumb and
forefinger 3. a painful, difficult, or straitened circumstance 4. an emergency situation
pinch ↔ abundant amount
pine [pain] vi. 갈망하다, (갈망하여) 수척해지다 1. to feel a lingering, often nostalgic desire 2. to wither or waste away from longing or grief
longing : pine :: remorse : rue remorse 가책, 자책 moral anguish arising from repentance for past
misdeeds; bitter regret rue 뉘우치다, 후회하다 to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for
needle : pine :: leaf : oak pine ↔ show disinterest, become invigorated
pinion [pínjən] v. 속박하다 1. to disable or restrain by binding the arms 2. to bind fast : SHACKLE
pinion ↔ emancipate
pinnacle [pínəkəl] n. 정상; 정점, 절정 1. (architecture) a small turret or spire on a roof or buttress 2. a tall, pointed formation, such as a mountain peak 3. the highest pint; the culmination
pinnacle ↔ nadir, lowest point nadir 천저; (침체, 타락 등의) 밑바닥, 절망 상태
pinpoint [pínpɔ int] n. 작은(사소한) 것(일); 정확한 위치 v. 위치를 정확히 나타내다(겨누다) a. 정 한, 정확한
명사 : something extremely small or trifling / a very small or sharp point / a point on a map marking a precise location or target
동사 : To locate or identify with precision. /To take precise aim at: pinpoint a target. /To direct attention to: We pinpointed the flaws in his argument.
형용사 : Meticulously precise: measured the line with pinpoint accuracy/Extremely small; minuscule: pinpoint creatures.
pinpoint ↔ approximation, exam cursorily, imprecision pinpoint ↔ colossal, crop, elephantine, enormous, gargantuan, prodigious, tremendous colossal [kəlásəl] 거 한(gigantic), 량의 gargantuan [ga:rgǽntjuən] 거 한, 엄청나게 큰
piquant [píːkənt] a. (맛이) 짜릿한, 얼얼한; 톡 쏘는, 신랄한 : SPICY
1. pleasantly pungent or tart in taste; spicy 2. a. appealingly provocative b. charming, interesting, or
attractive piquant : insipid :: (OPPOSITE) piquant : pallid :: piquant ↔ flat, vapid, insipid, pallid, balmy, bland, dull vapid (음료 등이) 맛없는, 김빠진; 생기 없는, 지루한, 재미없는 pallid 창백한, 엷은
pique [piːk] v. 화나게 하다, 자극하다; 자랑하다 1. to cause to feel resentment or indignation 2. to provoke; arouse 3. to pride (oneself)
pique ↔ mollify, gratify, calm, appease, compliment, assuage, flatter
pirate [pɑ iərət] n. 해적; 약탈자; 표절자 1. a. one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea
without commission from a sovereign nation b. a ship used for this purpose 2. one who preys on others; a plunderer 3. one who makes use of or reproduces the work of another
without authorization 4. one that operates an unlicensed, illegal television or radio
station plunder 약탈/강탈하다; 훔치다
pirate : take :: forge : copy
pitch [pit∫] n. 던지기; 경사도, 각도; 최고조, 정점; 음높이 pitch : sound :: color : light
pitfall [pítf :l] n. 함정, 유혹 1. an unapparent source of trouble or danger; a hidden
hazard 2. a concealed hole in the ground that serves as a trap
pitfall ↔ safety
pith [piθ] n. 요점, 진수 : the essential or central part; the heart of essence
pith ↔ unimportant point, superficial element, insignificant part
pithy [píθi] a. 간결한, 명쾌한 1. precisely meaningful; forceful and brief 2. consisting of or resembling pith
pithy : concise :: replete : abundant pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature pithy ↔ prolix, verbose, diffuse, wordy, insubstantial, insignificant, loquacious (unsubstantial은 오답) prolix 장황한, 지루한
circumlocution ↔ pithy utters pithy ↔ incoherently prolix
pitiless [pítilis] a. 인정사정없는, 무자비한 : having no pity; merciless
pitiless ↔ clement clement 온유한, 너그러운; 온화한, 쾌적한
pittance [pítəns] n. 적은 수입; 소량 1. a meager monetary allowance, wage, or remuneration 2. a very small amount
pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream (A << B) rivulet 시내, 개울 a small brook or stream; a streamlet
pittance : money, allowance :: rivulet : stream (A = small B) cornucopia, abundance, crop ↔ lack, pittance
pixel [píksəl] n. 화소 image : pixel :: mosaic : tile
placate [pléikeit, plǽk-] v.t. 달래다, 위로하다
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: to allay the anger of, especially by making concessions; appease
inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated (B는 A의 반대 동사 완료형) inalienable 양도할 수 없는 that cannot be transferred to another or
others propitiate 달래다, 진정시키다 to conciliate (an offended power);
appease irascible : placate :: insensate : conscious (OPPOSITE) irascible 화를 잘 내는, 성미 급한
placating ↔ galling gall (피부를) 스쳐서 까지게 하다; 화나게 하다
placate ↔ peeve, rile, antagonize, disconcert, surprise, gall, foment, agitate peeve 안달 나게 하다, 약 올리다 to cause to be annoyed or
resentful rile 화나게 하다 1. to stir to anger 2. to stir up (liquid); roil disconcert 침착성을 잃게 하다, 당황하게 하다
placebo [pləsíbou] n. 위약; 일시적인 위안 1. a. (medicine) a substance containing no medication and
prescribed or given to reinforce a patient's expectation to get well
b. an inactive substance or preparation used as a control in an experiment or test to determine the effectiveness of a medicinal drug
2. something of no intrinsic remedial value that is used to appease or reassure another
3. (Roman Catholic Church) the service or office of vespers(저녁 기도) for the dead
placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous innocuous 무해한, 불쾌감을 주지 않는; 재미없는, 지루한 salve [sæv] 연고, 고약; 위안; 아첨 unctuous [ʌ ŋktʃuəs] 간살을 부리는; 기름기 있는, 유성(油性)의
placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista backdrop 배경막; 사건의 배경 vista 전망, 조망; 경치; (과거의) 회상, (미래의) 예상, 전망
placebo : innocuous :: venom : noxious venom 독액; 악의, 원한 noxious 몸에 해로운, 유해한; 불건전한
placid [plǽsid] a.평온한,조용한;침착한(calm, tranquil, serene) 1. undisturbed by tumult or disorder; calm or quiet 2. satisfied; complacent
placid ↔ disordered, chaotic, pell-mell pell-mell 난잡한, 뒤죽박죽인; 황급한, 당황한
plagiarize [pléidʒiəràiz, -dʒjə-] v. 도용하다, 표절하다 1. to use and pass off as one's own (the ideas or writings of
another) 2. to appropriate for use as one's own passages or ideas
from (another) plagiarism : ideas :: forgery : documents (베끼다) (중국 10회)
plague [pleig] n. 역병, 전염병, 재앙 v. (남을 계속) 괴롭히다, 성가시게 하다
plague ↔ comfort
plainspoken [pleinspóukən] a. 솔직히 말하는; 노골적인 : frank; straightforward; blunt
feigned ↔ plainspoken
plaintive [pléintiv] a. 구슬픈, 슬픔을 자아내는, 불쌍한, 애처로운 expressing sorrow; mournful or melancholy
plaintive : sorrow ::
plangent [plǽndʒənt] a. 떠들썩한; 구슬프게 울려 퍼지는 1. loud and resounding
2. expressing or suggesting sadness; plaintive plaintive 구슬픈, 애처로운 expressing sorrow; mournful or melancholy
plangent ↔ muffled, muted
plantation [plæntéi∫:ən] n. 재배지, 농장; 식민지 1. an area under cultivation 2. a group of cultivated trees or plants 3. a large estate or farm on which crops are raised, often by
resident workers 4. a newly established settlement; a colony
plantation : tobacco :: media : bacteria
plasticity [plæstísəti] n. 가소성, 유연성 plasticity ↔ rigidity
plateau [plætóu] n. 고원, 지; 학습의 정체기 1. an elevated, comparatively level expanse of land; a
tableland 2. a relatively stable level, period, or state
plateau : change :: respite : activity (LACK)
platitude [plǽtətjùːd] n. 진부한 이야기; 진부, 평범 1. a trite or banal remark or statement, especially one
expressed as if it were original or significant 2. lack of originality; triteness
postulate : presumed :: platitude : banal (EQUAL) postulate 요구하다; 가정하다
equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal platitude ↔ original observation
plaudit [plɔ ːdət] n. 박수 (갈채); 철찬, 열렬한 칭찬 : enthusiastic expression of praise or approval
plaudit ↔ disapprobation, harsh criticism, unfavorable criticism
plausible [plɔ ːzəbəl] a. 그럴듯한, 말주변이 좋은 1. seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable;
credible 2. giving a deceptive impression of truth, acceptability, or
reliability; specious 예; a plausible storyteller 말재주 있는 사람 * implausable adj. 정말 같지 않은, 믿기 어려운, 미심쩍은
rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible (rationalize = to make plausible. obfuscate = to make indiscernible)
rationalize ~을 합리적으로 설명하다, (무리하게, 억지로) 합리화하다 implausible ↔ believable, credible plausible ↔ unlikely, equivocal, far-fetched, improbable, unsubstantial, flimsy
plausible, reasonable ↔ incoherent, incredible incoherent (논의 등이) 논리적 맥락이 없는, 지리멸렬한, 볼품없는
playbill [pléibil] n. 연극 프로그램, 선전 전단 A poster announcing a theatrical performance
playbill : cast :: letter : signature :: recipe : ingredient (A have B) playbill : actor :: letter : signature :: recipe : ingredient (A have B)
pleat [pli:t] n. 주름 : a fold in cloth made by doubling the material upon itself and
then pressing or stitching it into place perforate : hole :: pleat : fold
plebeian [pləbí:ən] a. 평민의, 중의, 보통의, 천한 n. 평민, 서민 fusty : freshness :: plebeian: prestige
plenitude [plénitu:d] n. 충분, 풍부; 완전함 1. an ample amount or quantity; an abundance 2. the condition of being full, ample, or complete
plenitude ↔ dearth
pleonasm [plíːənæ zəm] n. 용어법/과다 표현/장황한 말 : the use of more words than those necessary to denote mere
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sense (as in the man he said) : REDUNDANCY pleonasm ↔ succintness
plethora [pléθərə] n. 과다, 과잉 : a superabundance; an excess
plethora ↔ dearth, shortage, paucity, scarcity, scantiness
pliable [plɑ iəb:əl] a. 유연한, 휘기 쉬운; 유순한, 적응성이 있는 1. easily bent or shaped 2. receptive to change; adaptable 3. easily influenced, persuaded, or swayed; tractable
pliable : influence :: testy : annoy pliable : influenced :: censorious : condemnatory (A = easily B) censorious 비판적인, 까다로운 highly critical; expressing censure condemnatory 비난의; 처벌의, 유죄 선고의
pliable : inflexible :: static : move pliable : manipulate :: marketable : sell pliable ↔ rigid, pertinacious
pliant [pláiənt] a. 나긋나긋한, 유연한; 융통성 있는 1. easily bent or flexed; pliable 2. easily altered or modified to fit conditions; adaptable 3. yielding readily to influence or domination; compliant
pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend ticklish 간지럼을 잘 타는; 화를 잘 내는, 신경질적인
pliant : indomitable :: modular : differentiated (OPPOSITE) indomitable 불굴의 incapable of being overcome, subdued, or
vanquished; unconquerable modular (일정한 규격의) 모듈로 이루어진
pliant : yield :: evanescent : disappear pliant ↔ unyielding, mulish. obdurate, obstinate, intransigent, intractable, incorrigible, unbending, rigid, inflexible, inelastic
plight [plait] n. 처지, 입장; 궁지, 곤경 : a situation, especially a bad or unfortunate one
plight ↔ favorable condition
plod [plɑd / plɔd] v. 무거운 발걸음으로 걷다; 꾸준히 일하다 1. to move or walk heavily or laboriously; trudge 2. to work or act perseveringly or monotonously; drudge
drudge 힘들고 단조로운 일을 꾸준히 하다 to do tedious, unpleasant, or menial work plod ↔ flit flit 휙 움직이다, 경쾌하게 돌아다니다 to move about rapidly and
nimbly nimble 날렵한, 민첩한; 눈치 빠른, 재치 있는
plodding ↔ easy and light, meteoric
plot [plɑt / plɔt] v. 몰래 계획하다, 획책하다; 줄거리를 잡다, 구상하다
cabal : association :: plot : plan cabal [kəbǽl] 도당
joke : punch line :: plot : denouement choreography : dance :: plot : story (A = B를 구성) taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit (A는 B하기 위한 수단) taunt 악담을 퍼붓다, 꾸짖다 to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or
contemptuous manner outwit 계략으로 앞서다 to surpass in cleverness or cunning;
outsmart infiltrate : enter :: plot : plan (DEFECTIVE) infiltrate 침입하다, 침투하다
plot : plan :: inveigle : interest inveigle 유인하다, (속여서) 끌어내다 cajole 감언으로 꾀다 to urge with gentle and repeated appeals,
teasing, or flattery; wheedle wheedle 구슬리다, 그럴듯한 말로 속이다
pluck [plʌk] v. 잡아 뜯다, 뽑다, 당기다 n. 뜯어내기, 홱 당기기; 용기 v. 1. to remove or detach by grasping and pulling abruptly
with the fingers; pick 2. to pull out the hair or feathers of 3. to remove abruptly or forcibly 4. to give an abrupt pull to n. resourceful courage and daring in the face of difficulties;
spirit * plucky 용기 있는, 용감한, 씩씩한, 단호한
pluck : quit :: pride : grovel (A하면 B하기 어렵다) grovel 굴복하다, 비굴한 태도를 취하다; 천박한 환락에 빠지다
horn : blow :: harp : pluck(잡아 뜯다) pluck ↔ cowardice, coward, spinelessness pluck ↔ insert plucky ↔ craven plucky 용기 있는, 씩씩한, 단호한 having or showing courage and
spirit in trying circumstances
plumage [plú:midʒ] n. (장식용) 깃털; 아름다운 옷, 예복 1. the covering of feathers on a bird 2. feathers used ornamentally 3. elaborate dress; finery
plumage : bird :: foliage : bush
plumb [plʌm] v. 깊이를 재다, 조사하다 a. 수직인, 철저한 1. to determine the depth of with a plumb; sound 2. to test the verticality or alignment of with a plumb 3. to straighten or make perpendicular 4. to examine closely or deeply; probe
plumb : depth :: assess : value :: verify : accuracy assess [əsés] (과세 결정을 위해) 평가하다 to estimate the value of
(property) for taxation plumb : depth :: measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter :: survey : poll :: gauge : pressure
unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary : anonymous : identity unplumbed 헤아릴 수 없는(unfathomed) vagary 엉뚱한 짓 an extravagant or erratic notion or action
plumb ↔ examine cursorily/superficially plumb ↔ horizontal
plummet [plʌ mit] v. 수직으로 떨어지다; 급격히 쇠퇴하다 1. to fall straight down 2. to decline suddenly and steeply
fall, descend : plummet :: move : dart :: utter : blurt (A << B) dart 쌔게 던지다, 돌진하다 to move suddenly and rapidly
plummet : fall :: swerve : turn (A >> B) swerve 빗나가다, 이탈하다 to turn aside or be turned aside from a
straight course waft : plummet :: meander : dash (OPPOSITE) waft (공중 등을) 떠돌다 to cause to go gently and smoothly through
the air or over water plummet : ascend :: (OPPOSITE) plummet ↔ ascend, rise sharply
plump [plʌmp] a. 통통한, 살찐; 풍부한 1. well-rounded and full in form; chubby 2. abundant; ample
svelte ↔ plump svelte 날씬한, 유연한; 세련되고 품위 있는 slender or graceful in
figure or outline; slim
plurality [pluərǽləti] n. 다수, 복수 1. the state or fact of being plural 2. a large number or amount; a multitude
plurality ↔ rarity
plutocracy [plu:tákrəsi] n. 금권 정치; 부호 계급, 재벌 1. government by the wealthy 2. a wealthy class that controls a government 3. a government or state in which the wealthy rule
plutocracy : wealth :: gerontocracy : age gerontocracy 장로 정치, 노인 지배
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podiatry [pədáiətri] n. 족병학 podiatrist : feet :: dermatologist : skin
podium [póudiəm] n. 연설하는 곳/연설단 1 : a low wall serving as a foundation or terrace wall: as a. one around the arena of an ancient amphitheater serving
as a base for the tiers of seats b. the masonry under the stylobate of a temple 2 a. a dais especially for an orchestral conductor b. LECTERN
polarize [póuləràiz] v. 편광시키다; 립시키다 1. to induce polarization in; impart polarity to 2. to cause to concentrate about two conflicting or
contrasting positions * polarity n. 극성, 정반 , 양극성
polarity ↔ coalescence, reconciliation, accord, connection polarize ↔ make compatible, unify, coalesce coalesce 합체하다, 합병하다, 융합하다
polemic [pəlémik, pou-] n. 반론, 논쟁; 논쟁가 1. a controversial argument, especially one refuting or
attacking a specific opinion or doctrine 2. a person engaged in or inclined to controversy, argument,
or refutation polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive invective 독설, 저주, 악담
polemical ↔ compromising, conciliatory, congruent conciliate 달래다, 회유하다; 조화시키다
poach [poutʃ] v. 끓는 물에 넣어 삶다 to cook in a boiling or simmering liquid
poach : cook :: (A는 B의 방법)
polish [pɑ liʃ / pɔ l-] v. 닦다, 윤을 내다; 세련되게 하다; 흠/결점을 없애다 1. to make smooth and shiny by rubbing or chemical action 2. to remove the outer layers from(grains of rice) by
rotation in drums 3. to free from coarseness; refine 4. to remove flaws from; perfect or complete
rustic, untutored, gauche ↔ polished rustic 시골의; 소박한, 꾸밈없는; 촌스러운, 거친, 상스러운 gauche 버릇없는, 눈치 없는; 서투른, 미숙한 lacking social polish;
tactless
politic [pɑ litik / pɔ l-] a. 사려 깊은, 현명한; 타당한, 적절한; 교활한, 빈틈없는 1. using or marked by prudence, expedience, and
shrewdness; artful 2. using, displaying, or proceeding from policy; judicious 3. crafty; cunning
politic : offend :: aloof : associate politic ↔ unsophisticated, injudicious, officious, tactless, maladroit, unwise officious 참견하는, 주제넘게 나서는
pollster [póulstər] n. 여론 조사원 : one that takes public-opinion surveys; polltaker
exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass exponent 해설자; 주창자 one that speaks for, represents, or
advocates advocate 변호/옹호하다 to speak, plead, or argue in favor of canvass 면 히 조사하다; 선거운동을 하다; 여론조사를 하다
pollyanna [pɑ liǽnə / pɔ l-] n. 극단적인 낙천주의자 : a person regarded as being foolishly or blindly optimistic
polymorphous [p limɔ :rfəs|pɔ -] a. 여러 형태의, 다양한
polymorphous ↔ invariant
pompous [pɑ mpəs / pɔ m-] a. 오만한,뽐내는; 과장된, 허풍을 떠는 1. characterized by excessive self-esteem or exaggerated
dignity; pretentious 2. full of high-sounding phrases; bombastic * pomp n.
pompous : bombast :: nonsensical : drivel :: exaggerated : hyperbole bombast 과장된 말, 호언장담 grandiloquent, pompous speech or
writing pompous : confident :: garish : colorful (A >> B) pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless scoff 조롱하다, 놀리다 to mock at or treat with derision bluster 거세게 몰아치다; 고함치다 prate 지껄이다 to talk idly and at length; chatter
pomp ↔ simplicity, modesty, unpretentiousness pompous ↔ modest
ponder [pɑ ndər|pɔ n-] v. 잘 생각하다, 심사숙고하다 : to reflect or consider with thoroughness and care
ponder : consider :: scrutinize : observe (A>>B)
ponderable [pɑ nd:ərəb:əl] a. 숙고할 만한; 무게가 있는, 무게를 잴 수 있는 : considerable enough to be weighted or assessed;
appreciable ponderable ↔ inappreciable
ponderous [pɑ ndərəs / pɔ n-] a. 육중한; 지루한, 답답한 1. having great weight 2. unwieldy from weight or bulk 3. lacking grace or fluency; labored and dull
ponderous ↔ ethereal, gossamer, lively, slight ethereal [iθíəriəl] 가벼운, 희박한; 우아한, 절묘한; 영적인, 천상의
ponderous ↔ vibrant, brisk, graceful and light, frisky vibrant 진동하는, 울려 퍼지는; (활력 등으로) 가득 찬, 맥동하는; 원
기 왕성한, 정력적인 brisk 활발한, 기운찬; 상쾌한 frisky 쾌활한, 까불어 는 energetic, lively, and playful
pontificate [pɑntífikèit / pɔn-] v. 거드름을 피우다, 오만한 태도
를 보이다; 주교직을 수행하다 1. to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic
way 2. to administer the office of a pontiff
dogma 교리, 교의; 정설, 정견; 독단 pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate: aimless scoff 비웃음, 조롱, 조소 an expression of derision or scorn bluster 거세게 몰아치다; 고함치다 prate 재잘재잘 지껄이다, 수다를 떨다 to talk idly and at length;
chatter pontificate : speak :: strut, swagger : walk strut 뽐내며 걷다 to walk with pompous bearing; swagger swagger 뽐내며 걷다; 허풍을 떨다
pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade pontificating : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) peeve 안달 나게 하다, 약 올리다 to cause to be annoyed or resentful
pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade rodomontade n. a. v. 허풍, 허풍떠는, 허풍떨다 swagger 뽐내며 걷다; 허풍을 떨다
pontificate ↔ comment tentatively, suggest diffidently, speak tentatively, speak modestly, speak calmly, speak diffidently tentative 임시의, 일시적인; 머뭇거리는, 결단력이 없는 diffident 자신 없는, 수줍어하는; 삼가는, 조심성 있는
pontifical ↔ humble, meek meek 온순한, 온화한; 패기 없는, 굴종적인
porcelain [pɔ ːrsəlin] n. 자기
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clay : porcelain :: flax : linen (재료) glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood :: veneer : furniture glaze 유리를 끼우다; 유약을 바르다, 광택제를 바르다 veneer [vəníər] 화장판; 겉치레, 허식
pore [pɔːr] n. 구멍, 공극 pore : membrane :: door : room
porcine [pɔ :rsain] a. 돼지 같은, 탐욕스러운, 불결한 porcine : pig :: leonine : lion
porous [pɔ ːrəs] a. 다공성의; 스며드는, 침투성의 1. full of or having pores 2. admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or
interstices 3. easily crossed or penetrated
fragile : break :: porous : penetrate porous : liquid :: transparent : light porous ↔ impenetrable
portentous [pɔːrténtəs] a. 불길한, 흉조의; 경이적인, 놀랄만한 1. of the nature of or constituting a portent; foreboding 2. full of unspecifiable significance; exciting wonder and
awe * portent [pɔ :rtent] n. (불길한) 징후, 전조; 경이적인 것/사
람 1. an indication of something important or calamitous
about to occur; an omen 2. prophetic or threatening significance 3. something amazing or marvelous; a prodigy
portentous ↔ regular, insipid, insignificant, inconsequential
portfolio [po:rtfóuliou] n. 서류 가방; 유가 증권 명세표 1. a. a portable case for holding material, such as loose
papers, photographs, or drawings b. the materials collected in such a case, especially when
representative of a person's work 2. the office or post of a cabinet member or minister of
state 3. a group of investments
portfolio : securities :: dossier : reports security 안전, 무사; 안심, 안도; 방위, 방어; 담보, 차용; 유가 증
권(stocks and bonds) dossier 어떤 문제에 관한 서류 일습
portrait [pɔ ːrtrit, -treit] n. 초상화 portrait : painting :: jazz : music :: biography : history portrait : person :: seascape : ocean seascape 바다 경치/사진 a view or picture of the sea
poseur [pouzə ːr] n. 젠체하는 사람 : one who affects a particular attitude, character, or
manner to impress others poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness (LACK) stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected stickler 까다로운 사람; 난문(難問) derelict 버림받은, 유기된; 태만한, 무책임한
poseur ↔ sincere person, sincerity
posit [pɑ zit / pɔ z-] v. ∼에 두다, 놓다; 사실로 가정하다 : POSTULATE
1. to affirm or assume the existence of; postulate 2. to put forward, as for consideration or study; suggest 3. to place firmly in position
posit, postulate ↔ deny as false, deny
posterity [pɑstérəti / pɔs-] n. 자손, 후 1. future generations 2. all of a person's descendants
postulate [pɑ stʃəlèit / pɔ s-] v. 요구하다; 사실로 가정하다 1. to make claim for; demand 2. to assume or assert the truth, reality, or necessity of,
especially as a basis of an argument 3. to assume as a premise or axiom; take for granted
postulate : presumed :: platitude : banal (CHARACTER) postulate ↔ deny as false
posture [pɑ stʃər /pɔ s-] v. 뽐내는 자세를 취하다; 태도를 취하다 1. to assume an exaggerated or unnatural pose or mental
attitude; attitudinize 2. to assume a pose
attitudinize 점잔빼며 말하다/쓰다 to assume an affected attitude posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant (A=B아닌 사람) posture ↔ behave naturally
pot [pɑt / pɔt] n. 단지, 항아리; 통발 lobster : pot :: (B = A를 잡는 도구)
potable [póutəbəl] a. 음료로 적합한 : DRINKABLE : fit to drink
water : potable :: meat : edible potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling habitable 살 수 있는, 살기에 알맞은 suitable to ive in or on;
inhabitable potable ↔ undrinkable
potboiler [pátbɔilər|pɔ t-] n. (돈벌이를 위한) 문학/예술 작품 : a literary or artistic work of poor quality, produced quickly
for profit doggerel : verse :: potboiler : article
potentate [póutəntèit] n. 세력가, 유력자; 군주, 지배자 1. one who has the power and position to rule over others; a
monarch 2. one who dominate or leads a group or an endeavor
virtuoso : skill :: potentate : power (A have B) potentate ↔ subject, powerless person subject 신하, 가신, 피통치자; 주제; 교과목
potentiate [pouténʃièit] v. 유력하게 하다, 약효를 높이다 1. to make potent or powerful 2. to enhance or increase the effect of (a drug) 3. to promote or strengthen (a biochemical or physiological
action or effect) deactivate ↔ potentiate
pout [paut] v. 삐죽거리다, 뿌루퉁하다; (입술이) 튀어나오다 : SULK
1. to exhibit displeasure or disappointment; sulk 2. to protrude the lips in an expression of displeasure or
sulkiness sulk 뿌루퉁해지다, 골을 내다 to be sullenly aloof or withdrawn, as in
silent resentment or protest sullen 시무룩한, 무뚝뚝한; 언짢은, 음침한
wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt wince 주춤하다, 움츠러들다 to shrink or start involuntarily, as in pain
or distress pout ↔ grin grin 밝게 웃다 to draw back the lips and bare the teeth, as in mirth or
good humor mirth 환희, 유쾌함 gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by
laughter
pragmatic [prægmǽtik] adj. 실리(실용)적인 * practical adj. 실천에 관한, 실제로 쓸모 있는, 유용한, 실용적
인
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starry-eyed : pragmatic :: (OPPOSITE) impractical ↔ realized
prairie [prɛəri] n. (미시시피강 유역의) 평원 : an extensive area of flat or rolling, predominantly treeless
grassland, especially the large tract or plain of central North America
albino : pigment :: prairie : tree albino [ælbáinou] 백색증, 색소 결핍증
prate [preit] vi. 재잘 다 : CHATTER : to talk idly and at length
pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless scoff 조소하다, 놀리다 to mock at or treat with derision
prate : talk :: cavil : object (A=사소한 것까지 B하는 것) prate : speak :: saunter : walk saunter 어슬렁거리며 돌아다니다 to walk at a leisurely pace; stroll
preach [priːtʃ] v. 설교하다, 전도하다; 권유하다 1. to proclaim or put forth in a sermon 2. to advocate, especially to urge acceptance of or
compliance with 3. to deliver (a sermon)
nitpicker : criticism :: preacher : sermon :: quibbler : cavil nitpick 사소한 일을 트집 잡다 to be concerned with or find fault
with insignificant details
preamble [prí:æ b:əl] n. 전문, 서문, 머리말 1. a preliminary statement, especially the introduction to a
formal document that serves to explain its purpose 2. an introductory occurrence or fact; a preliminary
precarious [prikɛ əriəs] a. 불안정한, 미덥지 않은; 위험한; 근거가 불충분한
1. dangerously lacking in security or stability 2. subject to chance or unknown conditions 3. based on uncertain, unwarranted, or unproved premises
precarious : stability :: spent : efficacy (A lack B) spent 다 써버린; 끝난; (효험 등이) 없는 efficacy 유효성, (약 등의) 효험 power or capacity to produce a
desired effect; effectiveness impervious : penetrable :: precarious : stable precarious ↔ stable, safe, secure, firmly grounded, certain
precaution 1. an action taken in advance to protect against possible
danger or failure; a safeguard 2. caution practiced in advance; forethought or
circumspection
precedent [présədənt] n. 전례 a. 앞서는 n. 1. a. an act or instance that may be used as an example
in dealing with subsequent similar instances b. (law) a judicial decision that may be used as a standard
in subsequent similar cases 2. convention or custom arising from long practice
preempt : precedence :: acquire : possession preempt 선점하다; 사물화(私物化) 하다
unique : precedent :: unexceptionable : oppose :: infinite : end unexceptionable : opposition :: unique : precedent unexceptionable 비판의 여지가 없는, 훌륭한 beyond any
reasonable objection; irreproachable precede v. 선행하다, 앞서다, 우선하다 precede ↔ ensue
precipice [présəpis] n. 절벽, 벼랑; 위기, 궁지 1. an overhanging or extremely steep mass of rock, such as
a crag or the face of a cliff 2. the brink of a dangerous or disastrous situation
* precipitous 가파른 precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness defile v. 더럽히다, 불결하게 하다; 모독하다, 훼손하다 n. 좁은 길/골
짜기, 일렬종 precipitous ↔ level, gradual sloping level 평지, 평원
precipitant [prisípitənt] a. 곤두박이치는; 경솔한 n. 침전제 n. a substance that causes a precipitate to form when it is
added to a solution solvent ↔ precipitant
precipitate [prisípətèit] v. 곤두박질치게 하다; 재촉하다 a. 느닷
없는, 다급한 1. to throw from or as if from a great height; hurl downward 2. to cause to happen, especially suddenly or prematurely
precipitate ↔ retard, dilatory, deliberate, impede, forestall
precipitation [prisìpətéiʃən] n. 낙하, 추락; 재촉, 촉진; 강수량, 강설량
snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone (snow는 precipitation 강수의 종류, hurricane은 cyclone(미국식 사고방식에 따르면 cyclone은 일반적 열대성 저기압)의 종류)
precipitous [prisípətəs] a. 깎아지른 듯한, 급경사의; 허둥 는 1. resembling a precipice; extremely steep 2. having several precipices 3. extremely rapid, hasty, or abrupt; precipitate
precipice 절벽, 벼랑; 위기 plateau : precipitous :: (OPPOSITE) plateau [plætóu] 고원지 ; 안정기 a relatively stable level, period, or
state precipitous ↔ level, gradually sloping, slope slowly, guadual
preclude [priklúːd] v. 가로막다, 불가능하게 하다, 배제(제외)하다, 배척하다 : PREVENT
1. to make impossible, as by action taken in advance; prevent 2. to exclude or prevent (someone0 from a given condition or
activity preclude ↔ to make possible preclude ↔ enclose (막다, 배제하다 ↔ 둘러싸다, 포함하다)
precocity [prikɑ səti / -kɔ s-] n. 조숙 1. exceptionally early in development or occurrence 2. exhibiting mature qualities at an unusually early age
precursor [prikə ːrsər, príːkəːr-] n. 선구자; 조짐 1. one that precedes and indicates, suggests, or announces
someone or something to come 2. one that precedes another; a forerunner or predecessor
precursory ↔ derivative precursor ↔ sequel, sequela, sucessor, descendant, offspring sequel [sí:kwəl] 속편, 후편; 귀결, 결론 sequela [sikwí:lə] 후유증
predecessor [prédisèsər, --- - / príːdisèsər ] n. 전임자; 조상 1. one who precedes another in time, especially in holding an
office or a position 2. something that has been succeeded by another
legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor
predestine [pridéstin] v. 미리 운명 짓다 1. to fix upon, decide, or decree in advance; foreordain 2. (theology) to foreordain or elect by divine will or decree
foreordain [fɔ:rɔ:rdéin] 운명을 미리 정하다 to determine or appoint beforehand; predestine predestine ↔ leave to chance
predilection [prìːdəlékʃən, pred-] n. 편애 : a partiality or disposition in favor of something; a
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preference predilection ↔ propensity to dislike propensity 경향, 성향 an innate inclination; a tendency
predicate [prédəkeit] v. ~을 ~라고 단언하다, ~을 함축(암시)하다 [prédəkit] adj. 단정된, 서술된 1. to base or establish (a statement or an action, for
example): He predicates his argument on the facts. 2. to state or affirm as an attribute or a quality of
something: The sermon predicated the perfectibility of humankind
3. to carry the connotation of; imply 4. logic. to make (a term or an expression) the predicate of
a proposition 5. to proclaim or assert; declare
preeminent [priémənənt] a. 돋보이는, 탁월한:OUTSTANDING : superior to or notable above all others * preeminence 탁월, 출중, 우위, 상위
preeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight preponderance 우세, 우월 superiority in weight, force, importance,
or influence efface ↔ bring to preeminent preeminent ↔ negligible, subsidiary preeminence ↔ neligibility, unimportance
preempt [priémpt] v. 선점하다; 사물(私物)화하다 1. to appropriate, seize, or take for oneself before others 2. a. to take the place of; displace b. to have precedence or predominance over 3. to gain possession of by prior right or opportunity,
especially to settle on (public land) so as to obtain the right to buy before others
preempt : precedence :: acquire : possession
preen [priːn] v. (부리로 날개를) 다듬다, 멋 부리다; 우쭐 다 : PRIMP
1. a. to smooth or clean (feathers) with the beak or bill b. to trim or clean (fur) with the tongue, as cats do 2. to dress or groom (oneself) with elaborate care; primp 3. to take pride or satisfaction in (oneself); gloat
preen : self-satisfaction :: fume : anger (A = B를 보이다) fume (연기, 증기 등이) 피어오르다; 화가 나다, 흥분하다
ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub dissemble 속이다, 가장하다 raffish 천한, 저속한, 싸구려의, 방탕한 snub 핀잔을 주다; 거절하다
miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine preen ↔ ruffle, rumple ruffle 물결을 일으키다, 주름지게 하다, 헝클어 놓다; 성나게 하다,
짜증나게 하다 rumple 주름지게 하다 to wrinkle or form into folds or creases
preface [préfis] n. 서문 1. a. a preliminary statement or essay introducing a book
that explains its scope, intention, or background and is usually written by the author
b. an introductory section, as of a speech 2. something introductory; a preliminary
preface : book :: overture : symphony preface ↔ epilogue, afterword, conclusion, appendix prefatory ↔ conclusive
preference [préfərəns] n. 애호, 우위 preference : insistence ::
prefigure [priːfígjər] v. 미리 형상화하다, 예상하다 1. to suggest, indicate, or represent by an antecedent form
or model; presage or foreshadow 2. to imagine or picture to oneself in advance
prefiguration ↔ derivative derivative a. n. 유도물, 파생물
pregnant [prégnənt] a. 임신한;다산의,충만한,가득한;의미심장한 : INVENTIVE 1. carrying developing offspring within the body 2. a. weighty or significant; full of meaning b. of great or potentially great import, implication, or
moment 3. filled or fraught; replete 4. having a profusion of ideas; creative or inventive 5. producing results; fruitful
fraught 내포한, ...으로 가득 찬 replete 가득 찬, 충만한; 포식한
inane ↔ expressive, meaningful, pregnant, significant, weighty inane 어리석은, 무의미한; 공허한, 텅 빈 lacking sense or substance;
empty
prehensile [prihénsil, -sail] adj. 잡기에 적당한 prehensile ↔ unable to grasp
prejudice [préd¥ədis] n. 편견,선입관 v. 편견을 품게 하다 1. a. an adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or
without knowledge or examination of the facts b. a preconceived preference or idea
2. the act or state of holding unreasonable preconceived judgments or convictions
3. irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race, or religion
4. detriment or injury caused to a person by the preconceived, unfavorable conviction of another or others
prejudiced ↔ disinterested
preliminary [prilímənèri / -nəri] a. 예비의, 서두의, 준비의 : prior to or preparing for the main matter, action, or
business; introductory or prefatory
premeditated [priːmédətèitid] a. 미리 계획된 : characterized by deliberate purpose, previous consideration,
and some degree of planning premeditated ↔ impulsive, offhand, extemporized, accidental, spontaneous, unintentional, inadvertent, chance
chance a. 우연한, 뜻밖의
premonition [priməní∫ən] n. 예감, 징조 1. a presentiment of the future; a foreboding 2. a warning in advance; a forewarning
preoccupation [pri:ɑ kjəpèi∫:ən] n. 열중, 몰두; 선입관, 편견 1. the state of being preoccupied; absorption of the attention
or intellect 2. something that preoccupies or engrosses the mind 3. occupation of a place in advance; preoccupancy
impartial : preoccupation :: preoccupation ↔ unconcern
preponderant [pripɑ ndərənt / -pɔ n-] a. 우세한, 압도적인 : having superior weight, force, importance, or influence * preponderance
preeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight preeminent 탁월한, 출중한 superior to or notable above all others;
outstanding preponderant ↔ commensurate, secondary, subordinate, unimportant, subsidiary, insignificant, concomitant, negligible, minor, lesser (subsequent는 오답) commensurate 같은, 동등한; 같은 단위로 잴 수 있는; 규형 잡힌, 비
례가 맞는 subsidiary 보조의, 보충하는; 부수적인; 보조금의 concomitant 공존하는; 부수하는 occurring or existing concurrently;
attendant
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preponderance ↔ minor, lesser, insignificance
prepossessing [prìːpəzésiŋ] a. 매력적인 : ATTRACTIVE : serving to impress favorably; pleasing
unprepossessing ↔ entrancing, winsome entrancing 매혹적인 entrance n. 입장, 현관 v. 넋을 잃게 하다, 매혹하다 trance 황홀, 열중; 혼수상태, 인사불성 winsome 사람을 끄는, 매력 있는; 명랑한 charming, often in a
childlike or naive way
preposterous [pripɑ stərəs / -pɔ s-] a. 상식을 벗어난, 불합리한 : contrary to nature, reason. or common sense; absurd
preposterous ↔ commonsensical, reasonable, logical, rational
prerogative [prirágətiv|-ɔ g-] n. 특권, 특전; (남보다 뛰어난) 자질 1. an exclusive right or privilege held by a person or group,
especially a hereditary or official right 2. the exclusive right and power to command, decide, rule,
or judge 3. a natural gift or advantage that confers superiority 4. characteristic superiority; preeminence
presage [présidʒ, priséidʒ] n. 조짐; 예지; v. 예감(예지)하다 : FORETELL, PREDICT
1. an indication or a warning of a future occurrence; an omen
2. a feeling or an intuition of what is going to occur; a presentiment
3. prophetic significance or meaning harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify harbinger 선구자; 전조, 조짐 one that indicates or foreshadows
what is to come; a forerunner archetype 원형, 모범, 전형
prescience [préʃiəns, príː-] n. 예지, 선견 : knowledge of actions or events before they occur;
foresight dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict (clairvoyant : oversee는 오답)
prescience : future :: erudition : esoteric prescience : myopia :: mercurial : commitment prescience : foresee :: prescience ↔ myopia myopia 근시; 통찰력 결여, 근시안적임
prescription [priskrípʃən] n. 처방 * prescribe v. 정하다, 명하다, 지시하다; 처방하다; 규정하다
overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention indiscretion 무분별, 경솔, 부주의
prescribe ↔ divest, relieve, follow
presentiment [prizéntəmənt] n. 예감, 육감 : PREMONITION : a sense that something is about to occur; a premonition
premonition 예감, 징조
preservative [prizə ːrvətiv] n. 방부제 censorship : communication :: preservative : decay :: seal : leakage preservative : decay :: anchor : drift, shift
press [pres] v. 다; 눌러 펴다(iron); (행동 등을) 고 나아가다, 강요하다, 공격(압박)하다
press ↔ withdrawal
prestige [prestíːdʒ, préstidʒ] n. 명성, 신망; 저명, 인기 1. the level of respect at which one is regarded by others;
standing 2. a person's high standing among others; honor or esteem 3. widely recognized prominence, distinction, or importance
eclipse : prestige :: enfeeble : vigor abase : prestige :: damp : ardor
presumptuous [prizʌ mptʃuəs] a. 뻔뻔스러운, 막무가내의 INSOLENT : going beyond what is right or proper; excessively forward
transgression : morality :: presumption : propriety transgress (한도, 범위 등을) 넘다; (법 등을) 어기다 propriety 예의바름, 단정, 적절함, 타당성
presumptuous : unruly :: unruly 제어하기 어려운, 주체할 수 없는 difficult or impossible to
discipline, control, or rule presumptuous ↔ humble
pretend [priténd] v. 꾸미다, 가장하다; 거짓말하다 1. to give a false appearance of; feign 2. to claim or allege insincerely or falsely; profess 3. to represent fictitiously in play; make believe 4. to take upon oneself; venture * pretense [priténs] n. 속임수, 허위; 핑계, 겉치레 * pretentious adj.
pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove pretentious ↔ unaffected, unassuming
preternatural [prìːtərnǽtʃərəl] a. 초자연적인, 불가사의한 1. out of or being beyond the normal course of nature;
differing from the natural 2. surpassing the normal or usual; extraordinary 3. transcending the natural or material order; supernatural
preternatural ↔ ordinary, prosaic
prevail [privéil] vi. 널리 퍼지다, 유행되고 있다; 우세하다 : TRIUMPH
1. to be greater in strength or influence; triumph 2. to be or become effective; win out 3. to be most common or frequent; be predominant 4. to be in force, use, or effect; be current
prevail ↔ yield
prevalent [prévələnt] a. 널리 퍼진, 유행하는 : widely or commonly occurring, existing, accepted, or
practiced prevalent ↔ unusual, absent
prevalence ↔ absence, rareness
prevaricate [privǽrəkèit] vi. 얼버무리다 : EQUIVOCATE : to stray from or evade the truth
blandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceive equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth prevaricator : mislead :: philanthropist : endow prevaricate : candid :: prevarication ↔ veracity veracity 진실을 말하기; 정직, 진실
prickly [príkli] a. 가시가 많은; 따끔따끔 아픈, 쑤시는; 성가신 1. having prickles 2. marked by prickling or tingling or smarting 3. a. causing trouble or vexation; thorny b. bristling or
irritable prickly ↔ smooth
prim [prim] adj. 꼼꼼한, 단정한, 깔끔한 prim ↔ improper/informal
prime [praim] a. 주요한, 탁월한, 최고의; 최초의, 초기의; 근본의, 기본적인 1. first in excellence, quality, or value 2. first in degree or rank; chief 3. first or early in time, order, or sequence; original
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prime ↔ uninitial
primordial [praimɔ ːrdiəl] a. 최초의, 근본적인 1. being or happening first in sequence of time; original 2. primary or fundamental
primordial ↔ most recent
primp [primp] v. 꼼꼼하게 맵시내다 : to dress or groom (oneself) with meticulous or excessive
attention to detail primp : vain :: gloat : smug gloat 만족스럽게 바라보다 to feel or express great, often malicious,
pleasure or self-satisfaction smug 자부심이 강한, 독선적인; 깔끔한, 말쑥한
principal [prínsəpəl] a. 주요한, 주된 n. (단체의) 장, 우두머리 1. first, highest, or foremost in importance, rank, worth, or
degree; chief 2. of, relating to, or being financial principal, or a principal
in a financial transaction queen : monarch :: principal : administrator principal ↔ subordinate
principled [prínsəpld] a. 주의를 가진, 절조 있는, 주의가 ~인 principled ↔ unscrupulous
prissy [prísi] a. 몹시 깔끔한, 까다로운 : FINICKY : excessively or affectedly prim and proper
pristine [prístiːn, -tain] a. 초기의, 원시 상태의; 오염되지 않은, 소박한 : PURE
1. a. remaining in a pure state; uncorrupted by civilization b. remaining free from dirt or decay; clean
2. of, relating to, or typical of the earliest time or condition; primitive or original
pristine : decay :: stable : fluctuation :: still : movement adulterate : pristine :: dismantle : united pristine : blemish :: blemish n. v. 흠, 오점, 결점 to mar or impair by a flaw
pristine ↔ tainted, squalid, contaminated, corrupted by civilization, decayed taint 더럼, 얼룩; 부패, 타락; 불명예, 오명 to become affected with
decay or putrefaction; spoil squalid 지저분한, 누추한; 비열한
privation [praivéi∫ən] n. 결여, 궁핍 상실; 박탈, 몰수 1. a. lack of the basic necessities or comforts of life
b. the condition resulting from such lack 2. an act, condition, or result of deprivation or loss
privation ↔ repletion repletion 충만, 충실, 완비
privilege [prívəlidʒ] n. 특권 : PREROGATIVE prerogative 특권, 특전; (남보다 뛰어난) 자질
probe [proub] v. 엄 히 조사하다 1. to explore with or as if with a probe 2. to delve into; investigate
probity [próubəti, prɑ b-] n. 청렴, 정직 : complete and confirmed integrity; uprightness
probity : disingenuous :: 정직 : 부정직한 probity ↔ mendacity, unscrupulousness, shiftiness, duplicity, shiftiness, crookedness (impertinence는 오답) scrupulous 양심적인, 신중한; 세심한, 면 한 shifty 교활한, 간사한; 날쌘, 붙잡기 어려운; 수단이 좋은 crooked 마음이 비뚤어진
proclivity [prouklívəti] n. 성향 : a natural propensity or inclination; predisposition
proclivity ↔ aversion, antipathy, disinclination
procrastinate [proukrǽstənèit] v. 늑장부리다, 꾸물거리다 : to put off doing something, especially out of habitual
carelessness or laziness dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain malcontent 불만이 있는, 비판적인 dissatisfied with existing conditions
husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (OPPOSITE) husbandry 농업, 경작, 축산; 검약, 절약
procrastinate ↔ hasten, rush procrastination ↔ diligence
procure [proukjúər, prə-] v.t. 획득하다 : to get by special effort; obtain or acquire 1. to get by special effort; obtain or acquire 2. to bring about; effect 3. to obtain for another (a person) for sex acts
procure ↔ relinquish
prod [prɑd / prɔd] v.t. 쿡쿡 찌르다; 자극하다, 격려하다 : STIR 1. to jab or poke, as with a pointed object 2. to goad to action; incite
doze : sleepiness :: nudge : prod doze 선잠자다, 꾸벅꾸벅 졸다 nudge 팔꿈치로 살짝 찌르다; 주의를 끌다
rein ↔ prod rein 고삐; 제어 수단, 견제; 통제력, 제어권
prodigal [prɑ digəl / prɔ d-] a. 낭비하는 : LAVISH 1. rashly or wastefully extravagant 2. marked by rash or wasteful extravagance 3. giving or given in abundance; lavish or profuse
generosity : prodigality :: courage : rashness mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance mean 열등한, (신분이) 낮은; 비열한; 초라한, 허술한; 인색한, 쩨쩨
한 meek 온순한; 패기 없는, 굴종적인
miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal prodigal : conserved :: (OPPOSITE) parsimonious : save :: prodigal : spend (A >> B) parsimonious (극도로) 절약하는 excessively sparing or frugal
prodigality : spending :: gluttony : eating prodigality ↔ husbandry, penury prodigal ↔ frugal, parsimonious, economical, thrifty, stingy, conserved
prodigious [prədídʒəs] a. 거 한, 막 한(enormous); 비범한, 놀라운 1. impressively great in size, force, or extent; enormous 2. extraordinary; marvelous
prodigious ↔ slight
prodigy [prɑ dədʒi / prɔ d-] n. 천재, 신동; 경이로운 일/사건 1. a person with exceptional talents or powers 2. an act or event so extraordinary or rare as to inspire
wonder 3. a portentous sign or event; an omen
prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence mediocrity : prodigy :: (OPPOSITE) mediocrity 평범, 범용; 범인(凡人) mediocre moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary
prodigious : amaze ::
profane [prəféin, prou-] v. 신성 모독하다; 남용/오용하다 : DESECRATE
1. to treat with irreverence 2. to put to an improper, unworthy, or degrading use; abuse
profane : inviolable :: pierce : impenetrable :: change : immutable (OPPOSITE) inviolable 불가침의, 신성한 secure from violation or profanation
profane, impure ↔ inviolable, unviolated, treat reverently, moral,
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reverent, gracious
proffer [prɑ fər / prɔ fər] v. 제의하다 : TENDER, OFFER : to offer for acceptance; tender
tender to offer formally proffer ↔ retain, withhold
proficient [prəfíʃənt] a. 숙련된 : having or marked by an advanced degree of competence,
as in an art, vocation, profession, or branch of learning proficient ↔ inept, incompetent
profligate [prɑ fligit, -gèit / prɔ f-] a. 낭비하는, 방탕한 : PRODIGAL
1. given over to dissipation; dissolute 2. recklessly wasteful; wildly extravagant
profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed (profligate는 solvency(지불능력)이 낮은 상태, mercurial은 commitment(전념, 몰두)가 낮은 상태 중국 3회 sec3 16)
loquacious, garrulous : words :: profligate : money parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance profligate ↔ parsimonious, frugal, economical, thrift, economized, provident provident 장래를 비하는, 검소한
profligacy ↔ temperance, frugality, stinginess temperance 중용, 절도, 자제, 절제
profundity [prəfʌ ndəti] n. 깊음, 깊이; 심오, 난해함; 심연(abyss) 1. great depth 2. depth of intellect, feeling, or meaning 3. something profound or abstruse * profound a.
profundity ↔ superficiality shallowness ↔ profundity facile ↔ arduous, profound
profuse [prəfjú:s] a. 풍부한, 돈을 헤프게 쓰는 1. plentiful; copious 2. giving or given freely and abundantly; extravagant * profusion [prəfjúːʒən] n. 풍부; 낭비 1. the state of being profuse; abundance 2. lavish or unrestrained expense; extravagance 3. a profuse outpouring or quantity
profuse ↔ stinting profusion ↔ paucity, scanty, skimpy paucity 소수; 결핍, 부족 1. smallness of number; fewness 2. scarcity; dearth scanty 여유가 없는; 부족한 barely sufficient or adequate;
insufficient, as in extent or degree
prohibitive [prouhíbətiv] a. 금하는; (값이) 터무니없는 1. prohibiting; forbidding 2. so high or burdensome as to discourage purchase or use 3. so likely to win as to discourage competition
veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory (CHARACTER) prohibitive : purchase :: peremptory : dispute peremptory 지엄한, 단호한; (dispute 못할 정도로) 위압적인
prohibitive ↔ reasonable
projection [prədʒéktən] n. 투사, 발사; 돌출; 추정, 견적 projection ↔ concavity
proliferate [proulífərèit] v. 증식하다; 만연하다 1. to grow or multiply by rapidly producing new tissue,
parts, cells, or offspring 2. to increase or spread at a rapid rate
proliferate ↔ dwindle, decrease in amount dwindle to become gradually less until little remains
prolific ↔ barren, unproductive
prolix [proulíks] a. 지루하게 긴, 장황한 1. tediously prolonged; wordy 2. tending to speak or write at excessive length
* prolixity n. aphorism : prolix :: euphemism : offensive concise, pithy, succinct, taciturn, terse ↔ prolix prolixity ↔ succinctness, conciseness, extreme brevity, rereness
prologue [próulɔ:g] v. 서두, 서언; 개시, 발단 1. an introduction or a preface, especially a poem recited to
introduce a play 2. an introduction or introductory chapter, as to a novel 3. an introductory act, event, or period
prologue : novel :: preamble : statute prologue ↔ epilogue
prolong [proulɔ ːŋ, -lɑ ŋ] v.t. 늘이다 1. to lengthen in duration; protract 2. to lengthen in extent
prolong ↔ truncate
prominent [prɑ mənənt / prɔ m-] a. 튀어나온; 두드러진; 유명한, 탁월한 : CONSPICUOUS
1. projecting outward or upward from a line or surface; protuberant
2. immediately noticeable; conspicuous 3. widely known; eminent
prominent : notice :: lucid : understand eclipse ↔ make more prominent, bring to more prominent prominence ↔ unimportance, triviality, obscurity (fraudulence는 오답) prominent ↔ inconspicuous
promiscuous [prəmískjuəs] adj. 난잡한, 난교의, 무차별의 abstinence : drunkenness :: celibacy : promiscuity
promote [prəmóut] v.t. 진척시키다, 승진시키다 : FURTHER 1. a. to raise to a more important or responsible job or rank b. to advance (a student) to the next higher grade 2. to contribute to the progress or growth of; further 3. to urge the adoption of; advocate 4. to attempt to sell or popularize by advertising or publicity 5. to help to establish or organize (a new enterprise), as by
securing financial backing abate ↔ intensify, promote
promulgate [prɑ məlgèit, proumʌ lgeit / prɔ məlgèit] v. 공표하다 1. to make known (a decree, for example) by public
declaration; announce officially 2. to put (a law) into effect by formal public announcement
promulgate ↔ keep secrete, hide
proofread [prú:frì:d] v. 교정하다 : to read (copy or proof) in order to find errors and mark
corrections proofread : document :: reconcile : account diagnose : treat :: proofread : correct
propagate [prɑ pəgèit / prɔ p-] v.t. 번식시키다; 만연시키다, 보급
시키다, 선전하다, 퍼지(게 하)다; EXTEND 1. to cause (an organism) to multiply or breed 2. to breed (offspring) 3. to transmit (characteristics) from one generation to
another 4. to cause to extend to a broader area or larger number;
spread 5. to make widely known; publicize
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propagate ↔ check, fail to multiply propagation ↔ extirpation extirpate 멸종시키다, 뿌리째 뽑다, 근절하다
propensity [prəpénsəti] n. 경향 : an innate inclination; a tendency
propensity ↔ aversion, antipathy, distaste
prophecy [prɑ fisi|prɔ f-] n. 예언 (능력); (성서) 예언서 1. a. an inspired utterance of a prophet, viewed as a
revelation of divine will b. a prediction of the future, made under divine inspiration c. such an inspired message or prediction transmitted orally
or in writing 2. the vocation or condition of a prophet 3. a prediction * prophetic [prəfétik] a. 예언하는, 전조가 되는 :
PREDICTIVE * prophet 예언자
apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : illogical mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy prophet : prognostication :: 예언자 : 예언
prophylactic [pròufəlǽktik, prɑ f- / prɔ f-] adj. 예방의 1 : guarding from or preventing the spread or occurrence of
disease or infection 2 : tending to prevent or ward off : PREVENTIVE
prophylactic ↔ causing
prolific [prəlífik] a. 다작의, 다산의; 풍부한 1. producing offspring or fruit in great abundance; fertile 2. producing abundant works or results
propitiate [prəpíʃièit] v.t. 달래다, 진정시키다 : APPEASE, CONCILIATE
: to conciliate (an offended power); appease immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated (OPPOSITE) inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated inalienable 양도할 수 없는 that cannot be transferred to another or
others propitiate ↔ incense, antagonize, denounce, arouse hostility incense 화나게 하다 to cause to be extremely angry; infuriate
propitious [prəpíʃəs] a. 길조의, 호의적인 : BENEVOLENT 1. presenting favorable circumstances; auspicious 2. kindly; gracious * unpropitious adj. 불길한, 불운한
unpropitious ↔ favorable and anticipated, fortunate, auspicious, propitious, fortunate
unfavorable, inauspicious ↔ propitious auspicious 길조의, 상스러운
dire ↔ pleasant, fortunate, propitious, favorable
proponent [prəpóunənt] n. 제창자, 발의자; 지지자 : one who argues in support of something; an advocate
proponent ↔ detractor
proposal [prəpóuzəl] n. 제안; 계획, 기획; 구혼 1. the act of proposing 2. a plan that is proposed 3. an offer of marriage
propriety [prəprɑ iəti] n. 예의 바름, 단정; 적당, 타당
(appropriateness) 1. the quality of being proper; appropriateness 2. conformity to prevailing customs and usages
indecorous : propriety :: boorish : sensitivity propriety ↔ impertinentness
prosaic [prouze iik] a. 평범한, 재미없는 : DULL,
UNIMAGINATIVE, EVERYDAY, ORDINARY 1. a. consisting or characteristic of prose b. matter-of-fact;
straightforward 2. lacking in imagination and spirit; dull
prosaic : extraordinary :: prosaic ↔ exceptional, imaginary, exciting, extraordinary, ingenious, preternatural, inspired preternatural 기이한, 불가사의한, 초자연적인
proscribe [prouskráib] v. 배척하다, 금지하다 : PROHIBIT 1. to denounce or condemn 2. to prohibit; forbid 3. a. to banish or outlaw (a person)
b. to publish the name of (a person) as outlawed * proscribed 금지된 proscribed : permitted :: (OPPOSITE) proscribe ↔ sanction proscribed ↔ permitted proscription ↔ permission
prosecute [prɑ səkj :t|prɔ s-] v. 해내다, 수행하다; (장사 등에) 종사하
다, 경영하다; 기소하다 1. (law) a. to initiate civil or criminal court action against
b. to seek to obtain or enforce by legal action 2. a. to pursue (an undertaking, for example) until
completion; follow to the very end b. to chase or pursue (a vessel) 3. to carry on, engage in, or practice
mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction (A B)
prosecution [prɑ səkjúːʃən / prɔ -] n. 기소 1. the act or process of prosecuting; specifically 2. the institution and continuance of a criminal suit involving
the process of pursuing formal charges against an offender to final judgment
proselytize [prɑ sələtàiz / prɔ s-] v. 변절/개종시키다(하다) - to induce someone to convert to one's own religious faith - to induce someone to join one's own political party or to
espouse one's doctrine - to convert from one belief, doctrine, cause, or faith to
another proselytizer : convert :: mediator : reconcile reconcile 화해시키다; 중재하다
salesperson : buy :: proselytizer : convert :: swindler : cheat swindler 사기꾼 proselytize : convert :: grandstand : impress
prospect [prəspékt] v. (광산 등을) 시굴하다 : to search for or explore (a region) for mineral deposits or oil
prospect : mineral :: investigate : information (A seek B) investigate to observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically
prosperous [prɑ spərəs / prɔ s-] a. 번영하는; 형편이 좋은 : PALMY 1. having success; flourishing 2. well-do-do; well-off 3. propitious; favorable
palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity (EQUAL) palmy 야자나무 같이 무성한; 융성/번영하는 prosperous; flourishing
impecunious ↔ wealthy, prosperous, affluent impecunious 무일푼의, 백수건달의 lacking money; penniless
prosperous ↔ depressed
prostrate [prɑ streit/prɔstréit] v.엎드리다, 굴복시키다, 압도하다 a. 엎드린, 기진맥진한
1. to make (oneself) bow or kneel down in humility or adoration
2. to throw down flat 3. to lay low; overcome
prostrate ↔ erect, upright, strengthen, uphold, stand upright, stand
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straightforward
protagonist [proutǽgənist] n. (극, 소설 속의) 주역, 주인공; 주창자, 지도자
1. the main character in a drama or other literary work 2. in ancient Greek drama, the first actor to engage in
dialogue with the chorus, in later dramas playing the main character and some minor characters as well
3. a. a leading or principal figure b. the leader of a cause; a champion 4. a proponent; an advocate
protean [próutiən, proutíːən] a. 변화무쌍한 : VERSATILE 1. readily taking on varied shapes, forms, or meanings 2. exhibiting considerable variety or diversity
circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (OPPOSITE) protean ↔ static
protest [prətést] v. 항의하다; 주장하다 1. to object to, especially in a formal statement 2. to promise or affirm with earnest solemnity 3. (law) to declare (a bill) dishonored or refused
protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat (A >> B) supplicate 탄원/간청하다 to ask for humbly or earnestly, as by
praying entreat 탄원하다; 간청하다 1. to make an earnest request of 2. to ask for earnestly; petition for
protocol [próutəkɑ l, -kɔ ːl / -kɔ l] n. 외교 의례; 조약 원안 1. a. the forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by
diplomats and heads of state b. a code of correct conduct 2. the first copy of a treaty or other such document before
its ratification 3. a preliminary draft or record of a transaction 4. the plan for a course of medical treatment or for a
scientific experiment protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage grammar : language :: protocol : conduct
protract [proutrǽkt] v. 연장하다, 오래 끌다 : to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong
protract : length :: throng : number throng 떼지어 모이다 protract ↔ curtail, truncate, abridge, abbreviate, summarize, shorten, stretch
protracted ↔ transient, curt
protrude [pro:utrú:d] v. 튀어나오다, 돌출하다 : to push or thrust outward
protrude ↔ concave
protrusion [proutrúːʒən] n. 돌출 1 : the act of protruding : the state of being protruded 2 : something (as an anatomical part or excrescence) that
protrudes synonyms see PROJECTION
protrusion ↔ deep recess
protuberant [proutjúːbərənt] a. 돌출한; 현저한, 두드러진 : PROMINENT
: swelling outward; bulging protuberant ↔ depressed, recessed protuberance ↔ concavity, depression
providence [prɑ vidəns|prɔ v-] n. 섭리, 하느님의 뜻; 선견지명 1. care or preparation in advance; foresight 2. prudent management; economy 3. the care, guardianship, and control exercised by a deity;
divine direction
provident [prɑ vədənt / prɔ -] a. 장래를 비하는; 검소한 : FRUGAL, SAVING
1. providing for future needs or events 2. frugal; economical
provident ↔ profligate, spendthrift profligate 방탕한, 품행이 나쁜; 낭비하는
providential [prɑ vədénʃəl / prɔ -] a. 천우신조의, 운 좋은 1. of or resulting from divine providence 2. happening as if through divine intervention; opportune
providence n. 섭리, 하느님의 뜻; 선견지명 providential ↔ unfortunate, mishap
provincial [prəvínʃəl] a. 지방의, 시골의; 촌스러운, 투박한; 편협한 : NARROW 1. of or relating to a province 2. of or characteristic of people from the provinces; not
fashionable or sophisticated 3. limited in perspective narrow and self-centered
bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan provincial, factionalism ↔ ecumenical ecumenical 전반적인, 보편적인 of worldwide scope or applicability;
universal provincial ↔ refined
provisional [prəvíʒənəl] a. 임시적인 : TEMPORARY : provided or serving only for the time being
definitive ↔ provisional
proviso [prəvɑ izou] n. 단서, 조건 : a clause in a document making a qualification, condition, or
restriction
provisory [prəváizəri] a. 조건부의 : depending on a proviso; conditional
provisory ↔ unconditional
provoke [prəvóuk] v.t. 자극하다 : EVOKE 1. to incite to anger or resentment 2. to stir to action or feeling 3. to give rise to; evoke 4. to bring about deliberately; induce
suppress : stimulate :: calm : provoke (OPPOSITE) taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit (A는 B를 목적으로 하는 수단) provoke : anger :: choleric ↔ difficult to provoke choleric 화를 잘 내는, 격하기 쉬운 easily angered; bad-tempered
jejune ↔ thought provoking jejune 불모의; 재미없는, 지루한; 미숙한, 유치한
prowess [práuis] n. 용기; 탁월한 기량 1. superior skill or ability 2. superior strength, courage, or daring, especially in battle
prowess ↔ timidity
prowl [praul] v.헤매다, 서성거리다, 배회하다 : to roam through stealthily, as in search of prey or plunder
prowl : prey :: reconnoiter : information :: canvass : votes reconnoiter 정찰하다; 조사/답사하다
proximal [prɑ ksəməl] a. 기부의, 근칭의 : nearest; proximate
proximal ↔ distal, distant distal [dístəl] 말초의, 원칭의
proximal ↔ distinctive
proximity [prɑksíməti / prɔks-] n. (장소, 시간 등이) 가까움 : the state, quality, sense, or fact of being near or next;
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closeness proximity ↔ distance proximate ↔ remote
prude [pruːd] n. 얌전한체하는 사람, 새침데기 : one who is excessively concerned with being or appearing
to be proper, modest, or righteous fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (A >> B)
prudent [prúːdənt] a. 신중한; 빈틈없는 : DISCREET 1. wise in handling practical matters; exercising good
judgment or common sense 2. careful in regard to one's own interests; provident 3. careful about one's conduct; circumspect
prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton sagacity 현명, 기민 the quality of being discerning, sound in
judgment, and farsighted; wisdom fool ↔ prudent
prudish [prúːdiʃ] a. 몹시 얌전빼는 : PRIGGISH : marked by or exhibiting the characteristics of a prude;
priggish prig 까다로운 사라, 박식한 체하는 사람
scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish (A << B) prudish : propriety :: finicky : quality
prune [pruːn] n. 말린 자두 prune : plum :: raisin : grape plum 서양자두 raisin 건포도
prune [pru:n.] v. 잘라내다, 치다, 전지하다; 삭감하다, 줄이다 1. to cut off or remove dead or living parts or branches of (a
plant, for example) to improve shape or growth 2. to remove or cut out as superfluous 3. to reduce
prune : hedge :: trim : hair
pry [prai] v. 꼬치꼬치 캐내다 : to look or inquire closely, curiously, or inquisitively, often
in a furtive manner prying : inquisitive :: garish : colorful :: importune : request (A >> B) garish 번쩍거리는, 지나치게 화려한; 지나치게 꾸민
pry : watch :: connive : cooperative
psalm [sam] n. 성가, 찬송가, (성경의) 시편 psalm : poem :: church : building
pseudonym [sú:d:ənim] n. 익명, 가명, 필명(pen name) : a fictitious name assumed by an author; a pen name
pseudonym : name :: mask : face
psychology [saikɑ lədʒi / -kɔ l-] n. 심리학 fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist
pucker [pʌ kər] v. 주름지게 하다, 오그라들다 : to gather into small wrinkles or folds
astringent : pucker :: coagulant : congeal pucker : mouth :: squint : eye
puckish [pʌ kiʃ] a. 장난꾸러기의; 멋 로의, 무책임한 : IMPISH, WHIMSICAL, MISCHIEVOUS
puckish ↔ sober, grave, staid, serious staid 침착한, 차분한 grave 엄숙한, 장엄한, 진지한, 심각한, 침착한
puddle [pʌ dl] n. 물웅덩이, 이긴 진흙 v. 물웅덩이를 만들다, 물을 흐리게 하다, 마구 뒤섞다
puddle : lake :: (A<<B)
puerile [pjúːəril, -ràil] a. 유치한, 미숙한 : CHILDISH
1. belonging to childhood; juvenile 2. immature; childish
puerile ↔ mature, prudent, (venerable)
pugnacious [pʌgnéiʃəs] adj. 싸우기 좋아하는 : having a quarrelsome or combative nature : TRUCULENT
synonyms see BELLIGERENT pugnacious ↔ pacific, agreeable, peaceful, conciliatory, attractive
puissance [pjúːisəns, pwísəns] n. 권력, 세력 POWER, MIGHT clout ↔ impuissance clout (손바닥, 주먹으로) 때리기; 권력, 영향(력)
puissance ↔ powerlessness
pulchritude [pʌ lkrətjùːd] n. 미모, 육체미 : great physical beauty and appeal
pulchritude ↔ ugliness, hideousness, homeliness, unsightliness, unattractiveness hideous 무서운, 소름끼치는; 가증할, 극악무도한 homely 못생긴, 매력 없는; 평범한, 소박한; 흔한, 통속적인 unsightly 꼴불견의, 볼품 없는, 보기 흉한
pulchritudinous ↔ hideous
pullet [púlit] n. 어린 암탉 filly : horse :: pullet : chicken filly 암망아지; (발랄한) 소녀 a lively, high-spirited girl
pulverize [pʌ lvəràiz] v. 가루로 만들다; 크게 상처를 입히다 1. to pound, crush, or grind to a powder or dust 2. to demolish
pulverable : crumbed :: lucid : comprehended pulverize ↔ solidify, make whole
pun [pʌn] n. (동음이의어를 이용한) 말장난, 익살 : a play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same
word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words
pun : joke :: supernova : star :: termite : insect termite 흰개미(white ant)
punch line [pʌntʃ lain] n. 결정적 말 : the climax of a joke or humorous story
joke : punch line :: plot : denouement
punctilious [pʌŋktíliəs] a. (규정, 형식에) 꼼꼼한, 딱딱한 1. strictly attentive to minute details of form in action or
conduct 2. precise; scrupulous
dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated (OPPOSITE) → philistine punctilious ↔ remiss, slipshod, careless, easygoing, negligent, casual remiss 태만한, 덜렁 는; 부주의한, 소홀한
puncture [pʌ ŋktʃər] v. 찌르다, 구멍을 뚫다; 무효로 만들다 puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled jar n. 단지 v. 귀에 거슬리다, 삐걱거리다; 덜커덩거리다; (의견 등이)
조화되지 않다
pundit [pʌ ndit] n. 학자, 전문가 authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans allegiance 충성, 헌신, 신하의 의무
pundit : opine :: miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: recidivist : relapse :: augur : predict recidivism 상습적인 비행/타락 relapse (원래 상태로) 되돌아가다; 재발하다
pungent [pʌ ndʒənt] a. (맛이) 톡 쏘는; 신랄한 : CAUSTIC 1. affecting the organs of taste or smell with a sharp, acrid
sensation 2. a. penetrating, biting, or caustic b. to the point; sharp
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3. pointed pungent : odor :: caustic : comment pungency ↔ blandness
punitive [pjúːnətiv] adj. 형벌의 : inflicting, involving, or aiming at punishment
punitive ↔ rewarding
puny [pjúːni] a. 왜소한, 하찮은 : WEAK : of inferior size, strength, or significance
measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly measly 홍역에 걸린; 지저분한, 더러운; 시시한
puny ↔ enormous
purchase [p ə :rt∫əs] v. n. 구입; 획득, 입수; 무거운 물건을 움직
일 때 등의) 힘이 걸리는 자리; (지레의) 받침점; 지레 장치, 기중 장치;
1. a. the act or an instance of buying b. something bought c. acquisition through the payment of money or its
equivalent 2. a grip applied manually or mechanically to move
something or prevent it from slipping 3. a device, such as a tackle or lever, used to obtain
mechanical advantage 4. a position, as of a lever or one's feet, affording means to
move or secure a weight 5. a. a means of increasing power or influence b. an advantage that is used in exerting one's power
splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery peremptory : dispute :: prohibitive : purchase (A prevent B)
purebred [pjuərbréd] a. 순종의 : of or belonging to a recognized strain established by
breeding individuals of unmixed lineage over many generations
hybrid ↔ purebred
purgatory [pə ːrgətɔ ːri/-təri] n. 영혼의 정화; 연옥; 고난(의 상태) 1. (Roman Catholic Church) a state in which the souls of
those who have died in grace must expiate their sins 2. a place or condition of suffering, expiation, or remorse
expiate 속죄하다, 보상하다 to make amends or reparation for; atone
purist [pjúərist] n. 관례에 엄격한 사람, 순수주의자 one who practices or urges strict correctness, especially in
the use of words stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration heretic ↔ purist purist ↔ radical, liberal radical 근본적인; 극단적인, 급진적인, 과격한
purity [pjúərəti] n. 맑음, 청결; 순수 1. the quality or condition of being pure 2. a quantitative assessment of homogeneity or uniformity 3. freedom from sin or guilt; innocence; chastity 4. the absence in speech or writing of slang or other
elements deemed inappropriate to good style chastity 순결, 고상
purify : imperfection :: verify : doubtfulness purification : dross :: desalinization : salt desalinize, desalt 염분을 제거하다
purist : adulteration :: stickler : approximation mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity distillate 정수, 증류액, 응축물 a purified form; an essence
winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities winnow : grain :: purify : water distill : purity :: leaven : volume (A는 B 상태를 ↑) leaven 효모로 발효시키다; 서서히 변화를 주다
alloy : purity :: thinness : density (OPPOSITE) inviolable ↔ profane, impure inviolable 불가침의, 신성한
purlieu [pə ːrljuː] n. 변두리, 인근, 주변; 자주 가는 장소 : HAUNT
1. an outlying or neighboring area 2. purlieus outskirts; the environs 3. a place that one frequents
taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu (OPPOSITE) taut 팽팽한; 긴장한; 엄격한, 정연한
purlieu ↔ infrequently visited place, an unfrequent/unfamiliar place
purloin [pərlɔ in] v. 훔치다 : to steal, often in a violation of trust
lurk : wait :: abscond : depart :: purloin : take :: (다른 것들은 A만 defective, purloin : appropriate 은 둘 다 defective일 수 있기 때문에 상황에 따라서 답이 되기도 하고 안되기도 함) lurk 숨어서 기다리다, 잠복하다; (가슴 속에) 잠재하다, 숨어있다
purvey [pərvéi] v. 조달하다, 공급하다 1. to supply (food, for example); furnish 2. to advertise or circulate
vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate
pusillanimous [pjùːsəlǽnəməs] a. 소심한, 우유부단한 lacking courage; cowardly
pusillanimous ↔ stouthearted, dauntless, valiant, gallant, heroic, courageous, valiant dauntless 용감한, 굽히지 않는 incapable of being intimidated or
discouraged; fearless stouthearted brave; courageous gallant 씩씩한, 용맹스러운, 용기 있는 pusillanimity, circumspection ↔ temerity, valiance temerity 무분별, 무모 foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness valiance 용기, 용맹
putative [pjúːtətiv] adj. 소문에 들리는 : commonly accepted or supposed : assumed to exist or to have existed
putative ↔ undisputed
putrefaction [pjùːtrəfǽkʃən] n. 부패 1 : the decomposition of organic matter; especially : the
typically anaerobic splitting of proteins by bacteria and fungi with the formation of foul-smelling incompletely oxidized products
2 : the state of being putrefied : CORRUPTION
Q
quack [kwæk] n. 돌팔이 의사; 허풍선이(charlatan) 1. an untrained person who pretends to be a physician and
dispenses medical advice and treatment 2. a charlatan; a mountebank
quack ↔ honest practitioner
quaff [kwɑːf, kwæf] v. 단숨에 들이켜다 : to drink (a beverage) heartily
quaff : sip :: stride : mince stride 성큼성큼 걷다 to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or
vigorous way mince vi. 종종걸음을 치다; 점잔빼며 이야기하다
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quaff : sip :: delve : skim delve 깊이 파고들다, 철저히 조사하다 to search deeply and
laboriously
quagmire [kwǽgmaiər] n. 습지, 곤경, 궁지, 수렁 quagmire : stuck ::
quail [kweil] vi. 움츠리다, 겁먹다 : COWER : to shrink back in fear
quail ↔ become resolute, give bold
quaint [kweint] a. 기이한 : ODD 1. odd, especially in an old-fashioned way 2. unfamiliar or unusual in character; strange
quaint ↔ new, normal
qualified [kwɑ ləfàid / kwɔ l-] a. 자질을 갖춘; 조건부의 1. having the appropriate qualifications for an office, a
position, or a task 2. limited, restricted, or modified
mitigate : severe :: qualify : general (OPPOSITE) absolute, categorical, unreserved ↔ qualified, conditional categorical 정언적인; 절 적인, 무조건의 being without exception
or qualification; absolute
qualm [kwɑːm, kwɔːm] n. 꺼림칙함; 의심, 불안 1. a sudden feeling of sickness, faintness, or nausea 2. a sudden disturbing feeling 3. an uneasy feeling about the propriety or rightness of a
course of action qualm : unscrupulous :: fear : dauntless (A는 B가 없는) demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness demur 반 하다; 망설이다, 주저하다
quandary [kwɑ ndəri / kwɔ n-] n. 불확실한 상태, 진퇴양난 : a state of uncertainty or perplexity
quandary ↔ state of complete certainty, certitude, certainty quandary : perplex ::
quarantine [kwɔ ːrəntìːn] n. (질병 예방을 위한) 격리 1. a. a period of time during which a vehicle, person, or
material suspected of carrying a contagious disease is detained at a port of entry under enforced isolation to prevent disease from entering a country
b. a place for such detention 2. enforced isolation or restriction of free movement
imposed to prevent the spread of contagious disease 3. a condition of enforced isolation 4. a period of 40 days
embargo : commerce :: quarantine : contact embargo 입출항 금지 명령; 제한, 방해, 금지
hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination :: safeguard : accident hedge 울타리, 담
quarrelsome [kwɔ (:)rəlsəm] adj. 싸우기 좋아하는, 성급한, 토론을 좋아하는
quarrelsome ↔ agreeable, peaceable, pacific
quarry [kwɔ ːri / kwɑ ri] n. 채석장 v. 채석하다, (지식, 사냥감 등을) 찾다
n. 1. a. a hunted animal; prey b. hunted animals considered as a group; game
2. an object of pursuit v. 1. to obtain (stone) from a quarry, as by cutting, digging,
or blasting 2. to extract (facts, for example) by long, careful searching
mine : ore :: quarry : rock, stone quarry : marble :: mine : coal aspirant : quarry :: hunter : prey (A = B하는 사람)
quartet [kwɔːrtét] n. 4중창단, 4중주단; 4인조 quartet : singer :: score : note :: triptych : panel
quash [kwɑʃ / kwɔʃ] v. 진압하다, 가라앉히다 : to put down or suppress forcibly and completely
quash, quell ↔ engender, foment engender 낳다, 생기게 하다, 야기하다
quatrain [kwɑ trein / kwɔ t-] n. 4행 연구 : a stanza or poem of four lines
quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech ※ couplet 2행 연구, triplet 3행 연구, sextet 6행 연구, octave 8행 연
구, sonnet 14행 연구 ※ stanza 시절(詩節), 연(聯) : one of the divisions of a poem,
composed of two or more lines usually characterized by a common pattern of meter, rhyme, and number of lines
quaver [kwéivər] v. 벌벌 떨다; 떨리는 소리로 말하다 1. to quiver, as from weakness; tremble 2. to speak in a quivering voice; utter a quivering sound 3. (music) to produce a trill on an instrument or with the vice
voice : quaver :: hand : tremble
queasy [kw í:zi] adj. 욕지기나는, 메스꺼운 1. experiencing nausea; nauseated 2. easily nauseated 3. causing nausea; sickening: the queasy lurch of an airplane
during a storm 4. a. causing uneasiness b. uneasy; troubled. * queasiness 메스꺼움
queasiness : nauseating :: sleepiness : soporific
quell [kwel] v.t. 진압하다; 가라앉히다, 누그러지게 하다 1. to put down forcibly; suppress 2. to pacify; quiet
irrepressible : quell :: obdurate : move quell, quash, quench ↔ arouse, foment, instigate, rouse, incite, stir up
quench [kwentʃ] v.t. 끄다; 억제하다; 물로 식히다 1. to put out (a fire, for example); extinguish 2. to suppress; squelch 3. to put an end to; destroy 4. to slake; satisfy
quench ↔ ignite
querulous [kwérjələs] a. 불평 많은 1. given to complaining; peevish 2. expressing a complaint or grievance; grumbling
querulous : complain :: voluble : talk :: prodigal : spend querulous : complaint :: obsequious, sycophantic : flattery querulous : words :: profligate : money
query [kwí(:)əri] n. 의문, 질문 v. ~을 묻다, 캐묻다 query ↔ answer
quest [kwest] n. 탐색, 추구 : the act or an instance of seeking or pursuing something; a
search quest : reply :: command : action
questionnaire [kwèstʃənɛ ər] n. (조사 연구를 위한) 질문(표), 앙케
트 : a printed form containing a set of questions, especially one
addressed to a statistically significant number of subjects as a way of gathering information for a survey
queue [kju(ː)] n. 줄
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: a waiting line especially of persons or vehicles colonnade : pillar :: queue : person person : queue :: scene : panorama queue : people :: chain : link
quibble [kwíbəl] v. 요점을 얼버무리다; 트집을 잡다 1. to evade the truth or importance of an issue by raising
trivial distinctions and objections 2. to find fault or criticize for petty reason; cavil n. a petty distinction or an irrelevant objection
quibble : objection :: minutia : details quibble : carp :: nitpicker : cavil quibbling : cavil :: faultfinding : criticize encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil nitpick; to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant details
quibble : failing :: rift : breach (A << B) failing 실패; 사소한 실수 rift 갈라진 틈; (우정 등의) 갈라짐, 균열
quibble ↔ speak straightforward
quill [kwil] 깃털펜 abacus : calculator :: quill : pen (종류 (중에서 구식인 거)) quill : 깃털펜
quicksand [kwíksæ nd] n. 헤어나기 힘든 상황, 유동적이고 위험한 상태
1. a bed of loose sand mixed with water forming a soft, shifting mass that yields easily to pressure and tends to engulf any object on its surface
2. often quicksands a place or situation into which entry can be swift and sudden but from which extrication can be difficult or impossible
quiescent [kwaiésənt] a. 조용한 : being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive
* quiescence n. 정지상태 quietude, quiescence ↔ tumult, restless activity, action quietude [kwáiətjù:d] 평정, 안정 tranquility
quiescent ↔ rambunctious rambunctious 수습할 수 없는, 다루기 힘든, 미친 듯이 날뛰는
quiescence, quietude ↔ action, restless activity, tumult quietude 평정, 안정, 안식
quip [kwip] n. 신랄한 말; 빈정 는 말; 핑계; 기행 : GIBE 1. a clever, witty remark often prompted by the occasion 2. a clever, often sarcastic remark; a gibe 3. a petty distinction or objection; a quibble 4. something curious or odd
gibe 조롱하다, 우롱하다 to make taunting, heckling, or jeering remarks
quip remark ↔ solemn remark
quisling [kwízliŋ] n. 매국노 : a traitor who serves as the puppet of the enemy
occupying his or her country puppet 작은 인형; 꼭두각시, 앞잡이
juggernaut : crush :: quisling : betray (A는 B하는 사람)
quixotic [kwiksɑ tik / -sɔ t-] a. 돈키호테식의; 비현실(공상)적인
1. caught up in the romance of noble deeds and the pursuit of unreachable goals; idealistic without regard to practicality
2. capricious; impulsive quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive quixotic ↔ displaying consistently practical behavior, practical, pragmatic
quota [kwóutə] n. 할당량; 정원
1. a proportional share, as of goods, assigned to a group or to each member of a group; an allotment
2. the maximum number, especially of people, that may be admitted to a nation, a group, or an institution
quota ↔ unlimited number
quotidian [kwoutídiən] a. 매일의, 흔해빠진 : COMMONPLACE, ORDINARY
1. everyday; commonplace 2. recurring daily
quotidian ↔ remarkable, striking, extraordinary, unusual
R rabble [rǽb-əl] n. 폭도; 어중이떠중이, 오합지졸; 하층 계급 : MOB
1. a tumultuous crowd; a mob 2. the lowest or coarsest class of people items : hodgepodge :: people : rabble
rabid [rǽbid] a. 과격한, 미쳐 날뛰는 : FURIOUS, FANATICAL 1. of or affected by rabies(광견병) 2. raging; uncontrollable 3. extremely zealous or enthusiastic; fanatical * rabies n. 광견병
rabies : disease :: (A는 B의 한 종류) rabid ↔ impassionate, detached, noncommittal
racketeer [ræ kitíəːr] n. 무법자, 협잡꾼 : a person who commits crimes such as extortion,
loansharking(고리 금업), bribery, and obstruction of justice in furtherance of illegal business activities
raconteur [rǽkɑnt :r|-k n-] n. 이야기꾼 : one who tells stories and anecdotes with skill and wit
raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing
racy [réisi] a. 독특한 풍미가 있는; 짜릿한, 통쾌한 1. having a distinctive and characteristic quality or taste 2. strong and sharp in flavor or odor; piquant or pungent 3. vigorous; lively
tame ↔ racy tame 길들여진; 유순한; 활기 없는, 지루한
radical [rǽdikəl] a. 근본적인; 극단적인, 급진적인, 과격한 1. arising from or going to a root or source; basic 2. departing markedly from the usual or customary; extreme 3. favoring or effecting fundamental or revolutionary
changed in current practices, conditions, or institutions purist ↔ radical, liberal radical ↔ conventional
raffish [rǽfiʃ] a. 비천한, 저속한 1. cheaply or showily vulgar in appearance or nature; tawdry 2. characterized by a carefree or fun-loving
unconventionality; rakish ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub (OPPOSITE) dissemble 숨기다, 속이다, 가장하다 snub 무시하다, 경시하다; 퇴짜 놓다
raffish : decorum :: merciless : leniency (OPPOSITE, 형:명) lenient 관 한, 인정 많은 inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful,
generous, or indulgent raffish ↔ august
raffle [rǽf-əl] n. 복권식 판매 : a lottery in which a number of persons buy chances to win a
prize
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lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission (로또복권은 추첨 방식, 표는 입장 방식)
rafter [rǽftəːr, rɑ ːftəːr] n. 서까래, 들보 : one of the sloping beams that supports a pitched roof
roof : rafter :: table : leg
rage [reidʒ] n. 격노 1. a. violent, explosive anger b. a fit of anger 2. furious intensity, as of a storm or disease 3. a burning desire; a passion 4. a current, eagerly adopted fashion; a fad or craze
bigotry : dedication :: rage : anger (A >> B) gush : effusive :: rage : irate (CHARACTER) irate 매우 화난 extremely angry; enraged
infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity :: commend : esteem nonplus 당황하게 하다 to put at a loss as to what to think, say, or
do; bewilder
ragged [rǽgid] a. 너덜너덜한,누더기를 걸친;덥수룩한;울퉁불퉁
한; 거친, 조잡한 1. tattered, frayed, or torn 2. dressed in tattered or threadbare clothes 3. unkempt or shaggy 4. having an irregular surface or edge; uneven or jagged in
outline 5. imperfect; uneven 6. harsh; rasping
tatter 넝마, 누더기 옷; 무용지물 clothes : ragged :: furniture : rickety rickety [ríkiti] (가구 등이) 흔들리는, 부서질 듯한; (나이를 먹어)
허약한
rail [reil] vi. 욕하다 : to express objections or criticisms in bitter, harsh, or
abusive language rail : vehemence :: entreat : urgency (동 : 명) rail ↔ extol
raisin [réiz-ən] n. 건포도 prune : plum :: raisin : grape prune 말린 자두 plum 서양자두
rakish [réikiʃ] a. 방탕한, 무절제한; 세련된, 멋있는, 맵시있는; 경쾌한
1. (nautical) having a trim, streamlined appearance, dashingly or sportingly stylish; jaunty
2. of the character of a rake; dissolute jaunty 쾌활한, 의기양양한, 멋을 부리는
rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity (LACK) slothful 나태한, 게으른 disinclined to work or exertion; lazy assiduity 근면, 부지런함 persistent application or diligence;
unflagging effort rakish ↔ restraint rakish ↔ dowdy, shabby, slovenly (slothful, sluggish :2순위) (weary,
slow는 오답) dowdy 단정치 못한, 초라한, 촌스러운 / 단정치 못한 옷차림의 여
자
rally [rǽli] v. 불러모으다, (용기 등을) 불러일으키다, 활력을 주다, 자극하다(rally oneself 기운을 내다), 모이다. n. 결집, 회 v.t.(놀리다)
1. to call together for a common purpose 2. to reassemble and restore to order 3. to rouse or revive from inactivity or decline: paused to
refresh themselves and rally their strength 명사 1. a gathering, especially one intended to inspire
enthusiasm for a cause: a political rally 2. a sharp improvement in health, vigor, or spirits
rally ↔ disband disband v. 조직을 해체하다, 군대를 해산하다 rally : enthusiasm :: enchant : fascination (B를(열정을:대상) A하다(불러일으키다))
ramble [rǽmb-əl] vi. 어슬렁거리다; 장황하게 이야기하다 1. to move about aimlessly 2. to walk about casually or for pleasure 3. to follow an irregularly winding course of motion or
growth 4. to speak or write at length and with many digressions
draw : doodle :: travel : ramble doodle 무의미한 낙서를 끼적거리다, 빈둥거리다, 시간을 때우다 ramble ↔ walk purposely
rambunctious [ræmbʌ ŋkʃəs] a. 미친 듯 날뛰는 : UNRULY : boisterous and disorderly
rambunctious ↔ quiescent quiescent 조용한 being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive
ramification [ræməfikéiʃ-ən] n. 결과 ramification ↔ antecedent
rampart [rǽmpɑːrt, -pəːrt] n. 성벽; 방어물 : BULWARK 1. a fortification consisting of an embankment, often with a
parapet built on top 2. a means of protection or defense; a bulwark
parapet (지붕, 다리 등의) 난간; (성의) 흉벽 bulwark 성채, 보루; 방벽, 방어물
tower : edifice :: rampart : barrier (A ∈ B) edifice 건축물; 체계, 조직
rampart : invasion :: levee : flood
ramshackle [rǽmʃæ k-əl] a. 덜커덩거리는 : RICKETY : so poorly constructed or kept up that disintegration is likely
ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity (OPPOSITE) garble 왜곡하다; 혼동/착각하다
rancid [rǽnsid] a. 악취가 나는 : FETID, RANK 1. having the disagreeable odor or taste of decomposing oils
or fats 2. repugnant; nasty
fetid 악취가 나는 having an offensive odor rancid ↔ fragrant
rancor [rǽŋkəːr] n. 원한 : bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated ill will
rancor ↔ good will, concord, charitableness, amity, geniality, benevolence, amicability, friendliness, accord (calm은 오답) charitable 관 한, 자비로운
rancorous ↔ amicable
randomize [rǽndəmàiz] v. 무작위 추출하다 : to make random in arrangement, especially in order to
control the variable in an experiment randomize ↔ systematize systematize to formulate into or reduce to a system
range [reindʒ] n. 한계, 범위, 사정거리; 연속, 산맥 range : mountain :: chain : link
ranger [réindʒəːr] n. 산림 경비원; 무장 순찰 원 1. a wanderer; a rover 2. a member of an armed troop employed in patrolling a
specific region 3. a warden employed to maintain and protect a forest or
other natural area ranger : forest :: curator : museum
rank [ræŋk] a. 지나치게 무성한; 역한 냄새/맛이 나는 : RANCID
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: strong and offensive in odor or flavor
rankle [rǽŋk-əl] v. 안달 나게 괴롭히다 : to cause persistent irritation or resentment 1. to cause persistent irritation or resentment 2. to become sore or inflamed; fester
rankle ↔ pacify, calm, mollify, soothe, appease
rant [rænt] v. 호통 치다, 호언장담하다 n. 호언장담, 과장된 말, 장광설 : to speak or declaim in a violent, loud, or vehement
manner; rave fear : cower :: anger : rant rant : grandiloquence :: rant ↔ modesty, restraint, humility rant ↔ pacify, placate, forbear
rapacious [rəpéiʃəs] a. 강탈하는; 만족할 줄 모르는 1. taking by force; plundering 2. greedy; ravenous 3. subsisting on live prey
ravenous 게걸스럽게 먹는, 몹시 굶주린; 탐욕스러운 troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious (A << B) distraught 몹시 동요된; 광기의, 미친 covetous 탐내는, 갈망하는; 욕심 많은, 탐욕스러운
rapacity : covetous :: mania : enthusiastic
rapport [ræpɔ ːr] n. (조화로운) 관계 : relationship, especially one of mutual trust or emotional
affinity rapport ↔ discord, dissension, antagonism, aversion
rapprochement [ræ prouʃmɑ ːŋ / ræprɔ ʃmɑːŋ] n. 국가간의 친선 1. a reestablishing of cordial relations, as between two
countries 2. the state of reconciliation or of cordial relations
estrangement ↔ rapprochement estrangement 이간, 소원; 반목, 불화
rapscallion [ræpskǽljən] n. 악한, 깡패 rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy mischievous 유해한; 장난을 좋아하는, 말썽을 부리는
(cavalier : arrogant 관계는 오답 (cavalier가 명사일 때는 ‘기사도 정신(긍정적)’->arrogant 아님))
rapt [ræpt] a. 넋을 잃은, 황홀해 하는; 몰두한, 푹 빠진 : ENGROSSED
1. deeply moved or delighted; enraptured 2. deeply absorbed; engrossed
intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract intrepid 두려움을 모르는, 용기 있는 resolutely courageous; fearless
rapt ↔ distracted
rarefied a. (지위 등이) 매우 높은; 가려 뽑은 1. belonging to or reserved for a small, select group;
esoteric 2. elevated in character or style; lofty
rarefied ↔ pedestrian, prosaic
rarefy [rɛ ərəfài] v. 희박하게 하다; 순화/정화하다 1. to make thin, less compact, or les dense 2. to purify or refine
rarefy ↔ concentrate, condense, make denser rarefaction ↔ condensation
rarity [rɛ -ərəti] n. 진귀함, 희귀한 일 1. something rare 2. the quality or state of being rare; infrequency of
occurrence
rarity : dense :: dilute : concentrative plurality ↔ rarity rare ↔ dense rare ↔ affluent
rascal [rǽskəl] n. 악당, 장난꾸러기, 악동 a.비열한, 몰염치한 rascal : mischievous :: laggard : dilatory (A는 B한 성격을 지님)
rash [ræʃ] a. 무모한, 신중치 못한 : characterized by or resulting from ill-considered haste or
boldness obsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous (A >> B) obsess 사로잡히다 to preoccupy the mind of excessively
loquacious : talkative :: rash : adventurous (A >> B) loquacious very talkative; garrulous
rash : circumspective :: imperious : servile rash ↔ circumspective
raspy [rǽspi, rɑ ːspi] a. 삐걱거리는, 귀에 거슬리는; 성을 잘 내는 : HARSH, GRATING rough; grating
mellifluous ↔ raspy mellifluous 감미로운 flowing with sweetness or honey; smooth and
sweet
ratify [rǽtəfài] v.t. 비준/승인하다 : CONFIRM : to approve and give formal sanction to; confirm
repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification (OPPOSITE) repatriate [ri:péitrièit] 본국으로 소환하다 repeal 철회하다; 무효로 하다 to revoke or rescind, especially by an
official or formal act license : allow :: ratify : approve (A=B)
ratiocination [ræ ʃiɑ sənéiʃən -/ræ tiɔ si-] n. 추리, 추론 : REASONING
: the process of exact thinking ratiocinate n. 추리/추론하다 : to reason methodically and logically
ratiocination : thinking :: articulation : talking
ration [rǽʃ-ən, réi-] n. (식품의) 할당량, 배급량 : a food allowance for one day 1. a fixed portion, especially an amount of food allotted to
persons in military service or to civilians in times of scarcity
2. rations food issued or available to members of a group dose : medicine :: ration : food dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment
rationalize [rǽʃ-ənəlàiz] v. (무리하게, 억지로) 합리화하다 1. to make rational 2. to interpret from a rational standpoint 3. to devise self-satisfying but incorrect reasons for (one's
behavior) rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible (A = B하게 만듦) plausible 그럴듯한 seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable;
credible obfuscate 혼란시키다; 애매하게 하다
rational : fraudulent :: irreprehensible : blamable (OPPOSITE) fraudulent 속이는, 부정직한 deceitful reprehensible 비난 받아야 할, 괘씸한 deserving rebuke or censure;
blameworthy
raucous [rɔ ːkəs] a. 목쉰소리의, 귀에 거슬리는, 삐걱 는, 야단법석
의 : HOARSE 1. rough-sounding and harsh 2. boisterous and disorderly
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raucous : harsh :: dulcet : sweet (A는 B의 성격이 있다) raucous ↔ melodious, subdued, placid, restrained, mellifluous subdued 완화된, 억제된, 순한, 가라앉은, 억제된 placid 조용한, 평온한, 만족한
raunchy [rɔ ːntʃi, rɑ ːn-] adj. 난잡한, 싸구려의 1 : SLOVENLY, DIRTY *a raunchy panhandler*; also :
very smelly *raunchy sneakers* 2 : OBSCENE, SMUTTY *raunchy jokes*
rave [reiv] n. 헛소리하다; 사납게 날뛰다, 노호하다; 열변을 토하
다, 극찬하다 1. to speak wildly, irrationally, or incoherently 2. to roar; rage 3. to speak with wild enthusiasm
rave ↔ pan pan 냄비로 익히다; (사금을) 선광 냄비로 일다; 혹평하다, 헐뜯다
to criticize or review harshly raving ↔ reasonable utteration (unequivocal speech는 오답)
ravel [rǽvəl] vi. (실 등을) 풀다 : UNRAVEL 1. to separate the fibers or thread of (cloth, for example);
unravel 2. to clarify by separating the aspects of 3. to tangle or complicate 얽히게 하다
ravel ↔ knit
ravenous [rǽv-ənəs] a. 걸신들린; 탐욕스러운 1. extremely hungry; voracious 2. rapacious; predatory 3. greedy for gratification
ravish v. 황홀하게 하다, 몹시 기쁘게 하다 1. to seize and carry away by force 2. to rape; violate 3. to overwhelm with emotion; enrapture * ravishing 황홀하게 하는, 매혹적인
ravishing : attractive :: perspicacious : discerning (A >> B)
raze [reiz] v.t. 파괴하다; 깎아서 없애다 : DEMOLISH 1. to level to the ground; demolish 2. to scrape or shave off
raze ↔ build, construct
reactant [riːǽkt-ənt] n. 반응물 : a substance participating in a chemical reaction,
especially a directly reacting substance present at the initiation of the reaction
* reagent; a substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances
reactant, reagent ↔ inert material reactive ↔ inert
reactionary [riːǽkʃənèri/-ʃ-ənəri] a. 반동의, 반작용의,역행의; 보수적인
: characterized by reaction, especially opposition to progress or liberalism; extremely conservative
contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious 반항적인, 고집 센 obstinately disobedient or
rebellious; insubordinate hidebound 편협한, 완고한; 보수적인 stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-
minded, or inflexible recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change recalcitrant 저항하는, 다루기 어려운
reactionary ↔ votary, politically progressive votary [vóutəri] 신봉자; 열렬한 추구자, 애호가
readership [rí:dər∫ip] n. 독자수(층), 독자 readership : newspaper :: audience : play : readership : book (A는 B
를 보는 사람들)
ream [riːm] n. 종이 단위[500장]; 많음, 다량 1. a quantity of paper, formerly 480 sheets, now 500 sheets
or, in a printer's ream, 516 sheets 2. often reams a very large amount
ream : paper :: cord : wood :: acre : land : volt : electricity :: quart : liquid cord 연료용 목재 단위 [128 입방 피트]
reap [rip] v. 베다, 작물을 거둬들이다; (노력 등의 결과로) 거두다, 획득하다
1. to cut (grain or pulse) for harvest with a scythe, sickle(원형 낫), or reaper
2. to harvest (a crop) 3. to harvest a crop from 4. to obtain as a result of effort reaper [riːpər] n. 수확하는 사람
scythe : reaper :: axe : woodcutter scythe [saið] 풀 베는 낫, 큰 낫
reap ↔ plant
reassure [rìːəʃúəːr] v. 안심시키다,기운 나게 하다;재보증하다 1. to restore confidence to 2. to assure again 3. to reinsure
reinsure 재보험을 들다; 더욱 확실히 하다 reassure : doubt :: perturb : serenity feed : hunger :: reassure : uneasiness (A remove B) formidable ↔ reassuring
rebellious [ribéljəs] a. 반항적인, 거부하는 rebellious : insurgent :: sycophantic : obsequious insurgent n. 반란자, a. 반란을 일으키는, 반항적인, 반체제의
rebuff [ribʌ f] v.t. 거절하다, 퇴짜 놓다 : SNUB 1. to reject bluntly, often disdainfully; snub 2. to repel or drive back
rebuff ↔ approve, welcome, accept
rebuke [ribjú:k] v. 몹시 비난하다, 질책하다 n. 심한 비난, 질책 rebuke ↔ compliment, praise
rebus [ríːbəs] n. 수수께끼 그림 : a representation of words in the form of pictures or symbols,
often presented as a puzzle rebus : dissimulation :: dissimulate 숨기다, 가장하다
symbols : rebus :: notes: score
rebut [ribʌ t] v. 반박, 논박하다 rebut ↔ affirm, confirm, fortify, strengthen
recalcitrant [rikǽlsətr-ənt] a. 반항하는, 다루기 힘든 : marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority
or guidance incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey (OPPOSITE) recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness (EQUAL) impudent 뻔뻔스러운 characterized by offensive boldness brazen 놋쇠로 만든; 파렴치한, 철면피의, 뻔뻔스러운
recalcitrant ↔ amenable, submissive, tractable
recant [rikǽnt] vi. (진술, 믿음 등을) 철회하다 : RENOUNCE : to make a formal retraction or disavowal of (a statement or
belief to which one has previously committed oneself) 예; Darwin’s final recantation
apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy (B 버린 상태 = A) apostasy 배교, 변절, 탈당 heresy 이론, 반론; 이단
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recantation : error :: confession : crime recantation : confess :: recant ↔ reaffirm, declare, affirm, avow avow 언명하다, 인정하다
recapitulate [rì:kəpít∫əlèit|-tju-] v. 요약하다; (생물) 발생에서 진화
를 재현하다 1. to repeat in concise form 2. (biology) to appear to repeat (the evolutionary stage of
the species) during the embryonic development of the individual organism
recapitulate : summary :: enumerate : list
receipt [risíːt] n. 영수증; 수령, 인수 1. a. the act of receiving b. the fact of being or having been received 2. often receipts a quantity or amount received 3. a written acknowledgment that a specified article, sum
of money, or shipment of merchandise has been received
4. a recipe
receptacle [riséptək-əl] n. 그릇, 용기; 저장소; 피소 : a container that holds items or matter
bowl : receptacle :: bicycle : vehicle
recess [risés, rí:səs] n. 휴식, 휴게, 휴회 v. ~을 휴회(중단)시키다 recess : halt ::
recessive [risésiv] a. 후퇴하는, 역행하는; 열성(劣性)의, 잠재성의 : tending to go backward or recede * recession n.
dominant ↔ recessive dominant 지배적인, 유력한; 뛰어나게 높은, 우뚝 솟은; 우성(優性)
의 recession ↔ boom, enlargement, expansion
recidivism [risídəvìz-əm] n. 상습적 범죄 : a tendency to lapse into a previous pattern of behavior,
especially a tendency to return to criminal habits recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce rehabilitate 사회로 복귀시키다; 재건하다, (명예, 신용 등을) 회복
시키다 convalesce (병에서) 서서히 회복되다 to return to health and
strength after illness; recuperate recuperate 회복하다, 재기하다 to return to health or strength; to
recover from financial loss recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine :: sycophant : flatter recidivism ↔ reformed behavior
reciprocate [risíprəkèit] vi. 보답하다, 주고받다 1. to give or take mutually; interchange 2. to show, feel, or give in response or return
reciprocating ↔ moving unidirectionally
reciprocal [risíprək-əl] a. 상호간의; 보답의, 답례의 1. concerning each of two or more persons or things 2. interchanged, given, or owed to each other 3. performed, experienced, or felt by both sides 4. interchangeable; complementary
reciprocal ↔ secund secund 한쪽으로 치우친 (botany & zoology) arranged on or turned
to one side of an axis
reciprocate v. 보답하다; 교환하다, 주고받다 1. to give or take mutually; interchange 2. to show, feel, or give in response or return
reciprocating ↔ moving unidirectionally, unidirectional
reckless [réklis] a. 앞뒤 안 가리는, 무모한
1. a. heedless or careless b. headstrong; rash 2. indifferent to or disregardful of consequences
circumspect, measured ↔ audacious, reckless, unscrupulous
reclaim [rikléim] v. 갱생시키다, 개간하다 : REFORM, TAME, SUBDUE
1. to bring into or return to a suitable condition for use, as cultivation or habitation
2. to bring back, as from error, to a right or proper course; reform
3. to tame (a falcon, for example)
recluse [riklúːs, rékluːs] n. 은둔자 : a person who withdraws from the world to live in seclusion
and often in solitude poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness poseur [pouzə:r] 젠체하는 사람
recluse : communicate :: roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw :: bigot : biased roister 법석을 떨다; 으스 다 carouse [kəráuz] 떠들썩하게 마시다, 흥청 다
recluse : sociable :: turncoat : consistency : recluse : companion turncoat 배반자, 변절자 compassion 동정, 연민
recluse : society :: shirk : duty :: reactionary : change (B는 A의 대상, Bigbook 13)
recluse : crowd :: claustrophobia : enclosure claustrophobia 폐 공포증
recluse : solitude :: toady : favor (A는 B를 추구함) toady 아첨꾼 a person who flatters or defers to others for self-serving
reasons; a sycophant reclusive : isolation :: toady : favor recluse ↔ social
recoil [rikɔ il] vi. 되 튀다, 반동하다; 후퇴하다, 물러가다 1. to spring back, as upon firing 2. to shrink back, as in fear or repugnance 3. to fall back; return
recoil ↔ advance
reconcile [rékənsàil] v.t. 화해시키다, 중재하다; 조화시키다 1. to reestablish a close relationship between 2. to settle or resolve 3. to bring (oneself) to accept 4. to make compatible or consistent
rift ↔ reconciliation rift 갈라진 틈, 균열
recondite [rékəndàit, rikɑ ndait] a. 난해한, 거의 알려지지 않은 : DEEP
1. not easily understood; abstruse 2. concerned with or treating something abstruse or obscure 3. concealed; hidden
recondite : grasp :: inconspicuous : spot recondite : fathom :: tenacious : eradicate :: captious : placate (A하면 B하기 힘든)
serpentine : directness :: recondite : pellucidity serpentine 뱀 같은, 구불구불한; 음흉한, 교활한
respect : baseness :: study : reconditeness (B하면 A하기 어렵다) recondite : comprehend :: knotty : solve (A는 B하기 힘든) recondite ↔ widely understood, patent, self-explaining, self-evident, easy, comprehensive, fathomable patent 특허의; 명백한, 분명한
reconnaissance [rikɑ nisəns|-kɔ n-] n. 조사, 검사; 답사; 정찰 : an inspection or exploration of an area, especially one made
to gather military information
reconnoiter [ːkənɔ itəːr, rèk-] vi. 정찰하다, 답사하다
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: to make a preliminary inspection of, especially in order to gather military information
reconnoiter : information :: prowl : prey prowl [praul] 서성거리다, 배회하다 to roam through stealthily, as in
search of prey or plunder plunder 약탈하다, 훔치다
reconnoiter : information :: canvass : votes
reconstitute [rìːkɑ nstətjùːt] v.t. 원 상태로 돌리다, 재건/복원
하다 1. to provide with a new structure 2. to bring (a liquid in concentrated or powder form) to
normal strength by adding water reconstitute ↔ dehydrate
reconvene [ri:kənví:n] v. 다시 소집하다 disperse : reconvene :: dismiss : reinstate
rectify [réktəfai] v. 조정하다 : ADJUST 1. to set right; correct 2. to correct by calculation or adjustment
rectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis treaty 조약, 협정; 조약문서
rectitude [réktətjùːd] n. 정직, 공정 : RIGHTEOUSNESS 1. moral uprightness; righteousness 2. the quality or condition of being correct in judgment 3. the quality of being straight
rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse (OPPOSITE) perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist perspicacious 명민한 having or showing penetrating mental
discernment; clear-sighted rectitude ↔ inequity, improbity, dishonesty, unscrupulousness inequity 불공정, 불공평, 편견 injustice; unfairness improbity 부정직, 불성실
recumbent [rikʌ mbənt] a. 누워 있는, 활동 없는 1. lying down, especially in a position of comfort or rest;
reclining 2. resting; idle
recumbent ↔ standing up
recuperative [rikjúːpərèitiv] a. 회복력이 있는 * recuperate [rikjú:pəreit] v. 회복하다, 재기하다 1. to return to health or strength; recover 2. to recover from financial loss
recuperative ↔ debilitating debilitate 약하게 하다 to sap the strength or energy of; enervate
recur [rikə ːr] v. 재발하다; 다시 떠오르다, 회상하다 1. to happen, come up, or show up again or repeatedly 2. to return to one's attention or memory 3. to return in thought or discourse * recurrent 재발하는, 빈발하는
periodic : recur :: evanescent : vanish evanescent 덧없는, 무상한; 근소한, 눈에 띄지 않는 vanishing or
likely to vanish like vapor recurrence ↔ happening one time
redeem [ridí:m] a. (외상값, 채무를) 값다, 상환하다, 회복(만회)하다
redistribute [ri:distríbju(:)t] v. 재분배하다 : to distribute again in a different way; reallocate
inequity : redistribution :: illiteracy : education
redolent [réd-ələnt] a. 향기 나는; 생각나게 하는, 암시하는 : AROMATIC
1. having or emitting fragrance; aromatic 2. suggestive; reminiscent
redolent : smell :: piquant : taste redolent ↔ unscented, lack of odor, fetid
redoubtable [ridáutəb-əl] a. 가공할, 존경할 만한: FORMIDABLE 1. arousing fear or awe; formidable 2. worthy of respect or honor
formidable 무서운, 위협적인; 경이감을 일으키는; 힘센, 강력한 redoubtable : regard :: exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: credible : belief, trust
redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard regard 존경, 존경하다 redoubtable ↔ not formidable, unimpressive, disregard
redress [rí:dres|ridrés] n. 교정, 구제 v. 고치다, 바로잡다; 경감하다, 누그러뜨리다; 되찾다 : REMEDY
1. to set right; remedy or rectify 2. to make amends to 3. to adjust (a balance, for example)
redundant [ridʌ ndənt] a. 남아도는, 불필요한, 장황한 : SUPERFLUOUS
1. exceeding that is necessary or natural; superfluous 2. needlessly repetitive; verbose
indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability indigent 궁핍한 experiencing want or need; impoverished
redundant : necessity :: clumsy : knack knack 요령, 비결; 특성, 성향
redundant : superfluity :: pertinent : relevance redundant ↔ economical redundance, redundancy ↔ conciseness, essentialness
reedy [r í:di] 갈 피리 같은 소리가 나는, 높고 날카로운 (shrill, piping)
reel [riːl] n. 릴, 감는 틀, 실패, 얼레 reel : winding :: die : shaping
refectory [rifékt-əri] n. 구내식당 : a room where meals are served, especially in a college or
other institution
referee [refərí:] n. 심판; 중재인, 조정관 : one to whom something is referred, especially for
settlement, decision, or an opinion as to the thing's quality referee : field :: jude : courtroom referee : whistle :: judge : gavel :: auctioneer : gavel (B는 A가 쓰는 도구)
auctioneer 경매인 gavel (의장, 판사, 경매인 등이 쓰는) 작은 망치
refinery [rifáinəri] n. (석유, 설탕을 정제하는) 정유소 : an industrial plant for purifying a crude substance, such as
petroleum or sugar refinery : petroleum :: mill : grain petroleum [pətróuliəm] 원유
refine : purification :: attenuate : rarefaction crass ↔ refined crass [kræs] 세련되지 못한, 거친; 둔한, 어리석은
refine ↔ reduce purity
reflective [rifléktiv] a. 반사에 의한, 투영된; 심사숙고하는 : THOUGHTFUL, DELIBERATIVE
1. a. of, relating to, produced by, or resulting from reflection b. capable of or producing reflection
2. characterized by or given to meditation or contemplation; thoughtful
* reflect * reflection
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mirror : reflective :: raft : buoyant reflection : light :: echo : sound reflect ↔ absorb unreflective ↔ ruminative
refractory [rifrǽkt-əri] a. 다루기 힘든, 고집센, 완고한, 순종하
지 않는, 난치의 : STUBBORN, UNMANAGEABLE 1. obstinately resistant to authority or control 2. difficult to melt or work; resistant to heat 3. resistant to treatment
adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control (OPPOSITE) adamant 견고한 impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly
unyielding recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change pertinacity : refractory :: inexperience : green pertinacious 고수하는; 끈질긴, 집요한
refractory ↔ responsive, docile, amenable docile 순한, 고분고분한, 다루기 쉬운
refresh [rifréʃ] v.t. 상쾌하게 하다 : REVIVE 1. to revive with or as if with rest, food, or drink; give new
vigor or spirit to 2. to give new freshness or brightness to; restore 3. to make cool, clean, or moist; freshen up 4. to renew by stimulation 5. to fill up again; replenish
disgruntle ↔ refresh disgruntle 언짢게 하다 to make discontented
refugee [rèfjudʒíː, --- ] n. 난민 : one who flees in search of refuge, as in times of war,
political oppression, or religious persecution refugee : asylum :: asylum [əsáiləm] 보호시설; 피난처, 성역; 보호
refulgent [rifʌ ldʒənt] a. 빛나는, 찬란한 : a. shining radiantly; resplendent
refulgent ↔ lackluster
refuse [réfjuːs] n. 쓰레기 : TRASH, GARBAGE : items or material discarded or rejected as useless or
worthless; trash or rubbish refuse ↔ valuable thing, useful material
refute [rifjúːt] v.t. 반박하다, 논파하다 1. to prove to be false or erroneous; overthrown by
argument or proof 2. to deny the accuracy or truth of * irrefutable adj. 반박(논파)할 수 없는
refutation ↔ verification refute ↔ verify, affirm, prove refutable ↔ indisputable irrefutable ↔ deniable
regard [rigɑ ːrd] n. 존경 : ESTEEM 1. to look at attentively; observe closely 2. to look upon or consider in a particular way 3. to hold in esteem or respect 4. to relate or refer to; concern 5. to take into account; consider
exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: redoubtable : regard culpable 비난할 만한 deserving of blame or censure as being wrong,
evil, improper, or injurious redoubtable 가공할; 존경할 만한 worthy of respect or honor
flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge (A는 B의 성격을 지님) flout 경멸하다, 비웃다 to show contempt for; scorn taunt 비웃다, 꾸짖다 to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or
contemptuous manner redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard despicable 천한, 비열한 deserving of contempt or scorn; vile
regenerate [ridʒénərèit] v. 개심시키다, 재건하다; 재생시키다 1. to reform spiritually or morally 2. to form, construct, or create anew, especially in an
improved state 3. to give new life or energy to; revitalize
truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (OPPOSITE) truculent [trʌkjələnt] 잔혹한; 통렬한, 가차 없는
regimen [rédʒəmən, -mèn] n. 요양법, 섭생법; 지배, 통치, 관리 1. governmental rule or control 2. the systematic procedure of a natural phenomenon or
process 3. a. a regulated system, as of diet, therapy, or exercise,
intended to promote health or achieve another beneficial effect
b. a course of intense physical training regimen : health :: mnemonics : memory mnemonics 기억술
regimen : health :: budget : solvency budget 예산; 운영비, 생활비 solvency 지급 능력; 용해력
regiment [rédʒəmənt] n. army, 지배, 통치 v. ~을 연 로 편성하
다, ~을 엄격히 관리하다, 엄격히 훈련시키다 * regimentation n.
regimentation ↔ disorder, disorganization
regression [rigréʃən] n. 후퇴, 퇴화, 쇠퇴 1. reversion; retrogression 2. relapse to a less perfect or developed state
regressive ↔ forward
rehabilitate [rìːhəbìlətéit] v.복원하다;회복시키다;복권/복직시키다 1. to restore to good health or useful life, as through therapy
and education 2. to restore to good condition, operation, or capacity 3. to reinstate the good name of 4. to restore the former rank, privileges, or rights of
reinstate 본래 로 하다; 건강을 회복시키다; 복위/복권시키다 recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce convalesce (병후) 서서히 회복되다 to return to health and strength
after illness; recuperate recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition (OPPOSITE) building : restoration :: person : rehabilitation rehabilitate ↔ debilitate, enervate
rehash [ri:hǽ∫] v. ~을 다시 만들다, (문제 등을) 다시 제기하다 n. 개작, 재탕, 개작물
reshape : form :: rehash : concept, means (0702)
rehearsal [rihә:rsəl] n. 예행연습 1. the act of practicing in preparation for a public
performance 2. a session of practice for a performance, as of a play 3. a detailed enumeration or repetition
impromptu : rehearsal :: caprice : deliberate
reign [rein] n. 통치, 지배 : SOVEREIGNTY 1. exercise of sovereign power, as by a monarch 2. the period during which a monarch rules 3. dominance or widespread influence
coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage coronation 관식
rein [rein] n. 고삐; 억제, 규제, 제어; 통제력, 지휘권 v. 억제, 제어하다
1. a means of restraint, check, or guidance 2. often reins a means or an instrument by which power is
exercised
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rein ↔ prod, impel prod 찌르다, 쑤시다; 자극/격려하다
reiterate [riːítərèit] v. 되풀이하다, 반복하다 : to say or do again or repeatedly
digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant (EQUAL) excursive 빗나가는, 산만한 of, given to, characterized by, or having
the nature of digression
rejoice [ridɔ is] v. 기뻐하다 : to feel joyful; be delighted
rejoice ↔ grouse, moroseness grouse [graus] 투덜 다(grumble), 불평하다
rejoiced ↔ sulky
relapse [rilǽps] vi. 다시 타락하다, 재발하다 n. 퇴보 1. to fall or slide back into a former state 2. to regress after partial recovery from illness 3. to slip back into bad ways; backslide
recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce convalesce 병에서 서서히 회복되다
recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine relapse ↔ advance, amendment, betterment, development, maturation, progress, improvement
betterment 향상, 개량, 개선
release [rilíːs] v.t. 풀어주다 constrain, immure, restrain ↔ release immure 가두다, 투옥하다; 제한하다
relegate [réləgeit] v. 지위를 떨어뜨리다; (종류, 등급 등에) 속하게 하다, 분류하다; 추방하다
1. to assign to an obscure place, position, or condition 2. to assign to a particular class or category; classify 3. to refer or assign (a matter or task, for example) for
decision or action 4. to send to a place of exile; banish
relentless [riléntlis] a. 엄격한, 가혹한, 완고한 1. unyielding in severity or strictness; unrelenting 2. steady and persistent; unremitting
unrelenting 확고부동한, 불굴의; 꾸준한 unremitting 끊임없는, 쉴 새 없는, 끈기 있는 never slackening;
persistent inexorable ↔ relenting inexorable 불변의; 냉혹한, 무정한 not capable of being persuaded
by entreaty; relentless relentless ↔ clement relentless ↔ lenient, merciful, yielding, pliant, acquiescing
relevant [réləvənt] a. 관련된, 적절한 : having a bearing on or connection with the matter at hand
immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center :: circuitous : directness (OPPOSITE) immaterial 주요하지 않은, 하찮은; 부형의, 영적인
relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious (A << B) relevant ↔ immaterial irrelevant ↔ germane germane 접한 관계가 있는; 적절한
religion [rilídʒ-ən] n. 종교 religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy
relinquish [rilíŋkwiʃ] v.t. (소유, 권리 등을) 포기하다, 단념하다 : RELEASE 1. to retire from; give up or abandon 2. to put aside or desist from (something practiced,
professed, or intended) 3. to let go; surrender 4. to cease holding physically; release
relinquish : claim :: relinquish ↔ assume, cling to, procure, reward, keep, retain procure 손에 넣다, 입수하다
relish [réliʃ] v. 즐기다, 음미하다, 좋아하다 1. to take keen or zestful pleasure in 2. to enjoy the flavor of 3. to give spice or flavor to
relish ↔ despise
reluctant a. 내키지 않는, 마지못한, 꺼리는 1. unwilling; disinclined 2. exhibiting or marked by unwillingness 3. offering resistance; opposing
hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride hubris 자신 과잉, 교만
reluctance ↔ alacrity loquacity ↔ reluctance to speak reluctant ↔ enthusiastic
reminiscence [reməníṣəns] n. 회고, 회상 reminiscence : recollect :: machination : plot machination (나쁜 짓) 모의하기, 책동 The act of plotting
remiss [rimís] a. 태만한, 부주의한 : LAX, CARELESS 1. lax in attending to duty; negligent 2. exhibiting carelessness or slackness
remiss ↔ scrupulous, punctilious, conscientious, painstaking, assiduous, earnest (wary는 답이 아님. 2006 9월 보기에 painstaking과 wary 함께 나왔음. wary는 ‘경계하는’의 뉘앙스만 강함) (calculating도 오답) punctilious 예절에 까다로운, 형식에 치우친; 꼼꼼한 earnest 진지한, 성실한 painstaking 애쓰는, 수고를 아끼지 않는, 부지런한(very careful and
diligent)
remnant [rémnənt] n. 나머지; 파편, 유물 1. something left over; a remainder 2. a leftover piece of fabric remaining after the rest has been
used or sold 3. a surviving trace or vestige 4. often remnants a small surviving group of people
shred : remnant :: remnant : residual ::
remodel [riːmɑ dl / -mɔ dl] v.t. 개조하다 : REMAKE : to make over in structure or style; reconstruct
construct : remodel :: compose : edit
remold [ri:móuld] v. ~을 개조하다, ~을 다시 만들다, n. 재생타이어 remold : shape :: amend : content
remonstrance [rimɑ nstr-əns / -mɔ n-] n. 항의, 항변 1. the act of remonstrating 2. an expression of protest, complain, or reproof, especially a
formal statement of grievances remonstrance : oppose :: syllogism : disprove syllogism [sílədʒìzəm] 삼단 논법; 추론
remonstrative : dissuade :: reprehensible : censure :: applicant : appeal dissuade : ~하지 않도록 만류하다
remonstrate [rimánstreit|rémən-] v. 이의를 말하다, 항의하다; 충고하다, 간언하다
: to say or plead in protest, objection, or reproof
remorse [rimɔ ːrs] n. 양심의 가책 : SELF-REPROACH : moral anguish arising from repentance for past misdeeds;
bitter regret longing : pine :: remorse : rue (EQUAL, 명 : 동) rue 뉘우치다, 후회하다 to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for
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truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (OPPOSITE) truculent 잔혹한, 야만적인; 통렬한, 가차 없는 unregenerate 갱생하지 않는; 죄 많은
remorseless : compassion :: craven : courage (A에는 B가 없는) remorseful ↔ inpenitent, unrepentant
remote [rimóut] a. 멀리 떨어진, 외딴; 먼 장래의; 간접적인 (사람, 태도 등이) 쌀쌀한, 서먹서먹한
remote : affablility :: somber : levity (OPPOSITE) remote ↔ impending
remunerate [rimjúːnərèit] v.t. 보답하다 : RECOMPENSE 1. to pay (a person) a suitable equivalent in return for
goods provided, services rendered, or losses incurred; recompense
2. to compensate for; make payment for remuneration : service :: retaliation : injury retaliate 보복/복수하다 to return like for like, especially evil for evil
remunerate ↔ deprive, forfeit, punish, fail to pay remunerative ↔ unrequited unrequited 보답 없는, 일방적인, 무보수의 not reciprocated or
returned in kind gainful ↔ unremunerative
rend [rend] v. 찢다, 분열시키다, (마음을) 어지럽히다 1. to tear or split apart or into pieces violently 2. to tear (one's garments or hair) in anguish or rage 3. to tear away forcibly; wrest 4. to pull, split, or divide as if by tearing 5. to pierce or disturb with sound 6. to cause pain or distress to
rend : tear :: dissipate : diminish :: rush : hurry rend ↔ unite, mend, repair, fuse, make whole
renegade [rénəgeid] n. 변절자, 배반자 : one who rejects a religion, a cause, an allegiance, or a
group for another; a deserter renege v. 낙심시키다, (약속을) 어기다
renegade : allegiance :: apostate : faith apostate [əpásteit] 배교자, 탈당자 apostasy abandonment of one's religious faith, a political party, one's
principles, or a cause
renounce [rináuns] vi. 포기하다; 거부하다, 부인하다 1. to give up (a title, for example), especially by formal
announcement 2. to reject; disown
renounce : pledge :: rescind : order pledge 약속, 서약; 공약; 저당, 담보 rescind 폐지/철회하다; (판결을) 취소하다
renounce ↔ claim, embrace, adhere to (exact from, clarify는 오답)
renovate [rénəvèit] v.t. 혁신하다; 기운 나게 하다 1. to restore to an earlier condition, as by repairing or
remodeling 2. to impart new vigor to; revive
renovate ↔ cause to decay
renunciation [rinʌ nsiéiʃ-ən, -ʃi-] n. 포기, 단념; 부인, 거부; (욕망, 쾌락의) 자제
1. the act or an instance of renouncing 2. a declaration in which something is renounced renunciation ↔ adoption
reparation [reəréi∫ən] n. 보상; 수리, 수선; 회복 1. the act or process of repairing or the condition of being
repaired 2. the act or process of making amends; expiation 3. something done or paid to compensate or make amends
repartee [rèpɑːrtíː] n. 재치 있는 응답 1. a swift, witty reply 2. conversation marked by the exchange of witty retorts
retort 재치 있는 응수, 통렬한 반박, 말 꾸 retort :: repartee :: debate : issue :: correspond : letter (conversation : language는 오답)
repatriate [riːpéitrièit] v. 본국으로 송환하다 : to restore or return to the country of birth, citizenship, or
origin repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification (OPPOSITE) ratification 승인, 인가, 비준 ratify 비준/재가하다; 실증하다 to approve and give formal sanction
to; confirm
repeal [ripíːl] v. 폐지하다, 철회하다 : to revoke or rescind, especially by an official or formal act
repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification repatriate 본국으로 송환하다 to restore or return to the country of
birth, citizenship, or origin ratify 비준하다, 확증하다 to approve and give formal sanction to;
confirm repeal ↔ ratify repeal ↔ authorization
repel [ripél] v.t. 물리치다, 격퇴하다, 몰아내다; 불쾌감을 느끼다 1. to ward off or keep away; drive back 2. to offer resistance to; fight against 3. to refuse to accept; reject 4. to turn away from; spurn 5. to cause aversion or distaste in 6. to be resistant to; be incapable of absorbing or mixing with
repel ↔ lure, welcome, attract court ↔ repel intentionally court 환심을 사려고 하다, 비위를 맞추다; 구애/구혼하다; 유혹하다
repelling ↔ entrancing, winsome winsome 사람을 끄는, 매력 있는; 명랑한, 쾌활한
repellent [ripélənt] a. 불쾌한; 쫓아버리는 1. a. serving or tending to repel b. able to repel 2. inspiring aversion or distaste; repulsive 3. resistant or impervious to a substance ex. water-repellent
repellent : attract :: ephemeral : endure (OPPOSITE) entrancing ↔ disappointing, disgusting, repellent, repulsive entrancing 넋을 잃게 하는, 매혹적인
repertoire [répəːrtwɑ ːr] n. 목록, 연주 목록 1. the stock of songs, plays, operas, readings, or other pieces
that a player or company is prepared to perform 2. the range or number of skills, aptitudes, or special
accomplishments of a particular person or group palette : color :: repertoire : play repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting
repine [ripáin] v. 투덜 다 1. to be discontented or low in spirits; complain or fret 2. to yearn after something
fret 안달 나다, 초조해하다 to cause to be uneasy; vex yearn 갈망하다, 그리워하다; 동정하다
repine ↔ express joy
replete [riplíːt] a. 충분한, 풍부한; 포식한, 배부른 1. abundantly supplied; abounding 2. filled to satiation; gorged 3. complete
replete : affluent (CHARACTER) replete : abundant :: (CHARACTER) repletion ↔ want, emptiness, privation, deprivation privation 박탈, 몰수; 결핍, 부족
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reportage n. 취재 활동; 보도 기사 1. the reporting of news or information of general interest 2. something reported
reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist reportorial ↔ imaginative
repose [ripóuz] n. 휴식, 휴양; 정적, 평온; 침착, 평정 1. the act of resting or the state of being at rest 2. freedom from worry; peace of mind 3. calmness; tranquility
guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose expiation 속죄, 죗값을 치르기 expiate 속죄하다 to make amends or reparation for; atone reparation 보상; 수리, 수선 atone 벌충하다, 보상하다 to make amends, as for a sin or fault
dehydrate : water :: fatigue : repose :: fade : brightness breach : continuity :: disturb : repose repose ↔ agitation, disequilibrium disequilibrium 불균형, 불안정
reportorial [rèpəːrtɔ ːriəl] a. 보고서적인, 사실에 입각한 reportorial ↔ imaginative
reprehensible [rèprihénsəb-əl] a. 비난할 만한 : CULPABLE : deserving rebuke or censure; blameworthy
lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure :: despicable : contempt censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible approbation 찬성, 승인; 칭찬, 찬양
reprehensible ↔ praiseworthy, laudable, responsible
reprehension [rèprihénʃ-ən] n. 질책, 비난 : the act of rebuking or censuring; reproval
remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure remonstrance 항의, 항변; 충고, 간언, 타이름
jeer : derision :: reprehend : censure jeer 놀리다, 조롱하다, 야유하다 to speak or shout derisively; mock reprehend 꾸짖다, 책망하다 to reprove; censure
repress [riprés] v. 억누르다, 제지하다, 진압하다 1. to hold back by an act of volition 2. to put down by force, usually before total control has
been lost; quell * repression n. 억제, 진압
unrepressed ↔ restrained repress ↔ foster, license license 면허를 주다, 자유(latitude of action)를 주다, 허가하다 repression ↔ openness, friendliness, abandon, indulgence
reprieve [ripríːv] v. 형 집행을 연기하다; 일시적으로 (위험 등에서) 구하다
1. to postpone or cancel the punishment of 2. to bring relief to
reprieve : punishment :: moratorium : activity
reprimand [réprəmæ nd, -mɑ ːnd] v. 비난하다 : to reprove severely, especially in a formal or official way
reprove : reprimand :: blame : censure (A << B) disapprove : reprimand :: (A << B)
reprisal [ripráiz-əl] n. 보복, 앙갚음 1. retaliation for an injury with the intent of inflicting at
least as much injury in return 2. forcible seizure of an enemy's goods or subjects in
retaliation for injuries inflicted 3. the practice of using political or military force without
actually resorting to war
reproach [ripróutʃ] v. 비난하다, 질책하다 1. to express disapproval of, criticism of, or disappointment
in (someone)
2. to bring shame upon; disgrace * reproachable adj. * irreproachable adj. 나무랄 데 없는, 흠잡을 데 없는
irreproachable : blame :: upbraid : reproach :: dote : like (A >> B) upbraid to reprove sharply; reproach
reproach : reprimand :: blame : censure (B=official A) reproachable : disapproval :: plaintive : sorrow nefarious, scurvy, culpable ↔ above reproach, virtuous nefarious 사악한, 부정한 infamous by away of being extremely wicked scurvy 천한, 상스러운, 한심한, 치사한 mean; contemptible
opprobrious ↔ irreproachable opprobrious 모욕적인, 상스러운; 창피한, 면목 없는
reproach ↔ eulogize, praise publicly reproachable ↔ exemplary, perfect, inculpable
reprobate [réprəbèit] n. 난봉꾼, 불량배 a. 타락한 v. 비난하다, 책망
하다 n. a morally unprincipled person a. morally unprincipled; shameless v. to disapprove of; condemn
reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn objectivity : partisan :: temperance : reprobate reprobate ↔ righteous individual, a virtuous person reprobation ↔ acclaim, acclamation
reprove [riprúːv] v. 책망하다, 질책하다 1. to voice or convey disapproval of; rebuke 2. to find fault with * reproof [riprúːf] n. 책망 : REBUKE
castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislike :: glorification : merit :: soaking : damp (A >> B)
castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial reproof ↔ accolade, reassurance, compliment pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove (A << B) pretense 거짓 꾸미기, 가짜, 속임수; 흉내 내기; 허위
reprove : reprimand :: blame : censure (A << B)
reptile [réptil|-tail] n. 파충류의 동물; 비열한 인간 lizard : reptile :: orange : fruit :: finch : bird :: aspen : tree :: eagle : bird :: firefly, aphid : insect finch 되새류 [콩새, 멋쟁이새 등] aspen 버드나뭇과의 일종 [당버들, 사시나무]
repudiate [ripjúːdièit] v.t. 거절하다, 부인하다 1. to reject the validity or authority of 2. to reject emphatically as unfounded, untrue, or unjust 3. to refuse to recognize or pay 4. a. to disown (a child, for example) b. to refuse to have any
dealings with repudiate ↔ espouse, uphold repudiation ↔ affirm
repugnant [ripʌ gnənt] a. 싫은, 불쾌한; 혐오하는; 일치하지 않는, 양립할 수 없는
1. arousing disgust or aversion; offensive or repulsive 2. (logic) contradictory; inconsistent
odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear cogent : convince :: repugnant : repel cogent 설득력이 있는; 적절한 appealing to the intellect or powers of
reasoning; convincing unpleasant : repugnant :: scanty : meager repugnance ↔ affinity
repulse [ripʌ ls] v. 퇴짜 놓다, 거부하다; 불쾌하게 만들다 : REPEL n. 거절, 거부, 반박, 배격, 퇴짜 놓기
1. to drive back; repel 2. to rebuff or reject with rudeness, coldness, or denial * repulsive adj.
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repulse ↔ captivate, entrance, amity amity 우호, 우정, 친목 repulse intentionally ↔ court dsappoint, disgusting, repellent, repulsive ↔ entrancing entrancing 넋을 빼앗는, 황홀케 하는, 매혹적인
repulsive ↔ amiable repulsion ↔ attraction
repute [ripjú:t] n. 평가, 세평; 호평, 명성 1. reputation 2. a good reputation
repute ↔ lack of distinction, challenge, doubt, question, obscurity, unimportance
requisite [rékwizit] a. 필요한, 불가결한 : required; essential
requisite ↔ unnecessary
requite [rikwáit] v. 보답하다, 복수하다 1. to make repayment or return for 2. to avenge
requite ↔ leave unrepaid/unpaid
rescind [risínd] v. 폐지하다, 철회하다 : to make void; repeal or annul
* rescission n. 무효, 취소, 폐지 the act of rescinding rescind : law :: withdraw : candidacy irrevocable : rescind :: irrevocable 돌이킬 수 없는, 취소할 수 없는 impossible to retract or
revoke rescind ↔ institute, enact, levy, legislate, enforce, ratify, validate, uphold levy 징수하다(collect), 할당하다(impose); 소집/징집하다(enroll);
(전쟁을) 시작하다, 걸다 rescission ↔ enactment, ratification
resentment [rizéntmənt] n. 분개; 적의, 원한 : indignation or ill will felt as a result of a real or imagined
grievance grievance 불평의 씨, 불만
reserved [rizə ːrvd] a. 예비의; 마음을 털어놓지 않는; (언행이) 조심스러운
1. held in reserve; kept back or set aside 2. marked by self-restraint and reticence
furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve (OPPOSITE) furtive : open :: flippant : reserved flippant 경박한, 덤벙 는 marked by disrespectful levity or
casualness; pert gregarious : reserved :: furtive : open expansive ↔ reserved, diffident diffident 자신 없는, 기가 죽은; 삼가는, 조심하는
unreserved ↔ qualified
reservoir [rézərvw :r] n. 저수지, 저장 reservoir : water :: wardrobe : clothes reservoir : water :: vault : valuables :: larder, pantry : food
residue [rézidju:] n. 나머지, 잔여; 찌꺼기 remainder : subtraction :: residue : evaporation
resign [rizáin] v. (운명 등을) 따르다; 사임하다 : QUIT 1. to submit (oneself) passively; accept as inevitable 2. to give up (a position, for example), especially by formal
notification 3. to relinquish (a privilege, right, or claim) * resignation n.
abdicate : throne :: resign : office resignation : official :: abdication : crown resignation ↔ claim, face, defiance, dissent
resilient [rizíljənt, -liənt] a. 곧 회복하는, 탄력 있는 1. marked by the ability to recover readily, as from
misfortune 2. capable of returning to an original shape or position, as
after having been compressed * resilience n.
resilient ↔ unable to adjust, unable to recover, brittle, conservative resilience ↔ inelasticity, inability of recover, rigidity
resin [rézin] n. 나무의 진, 송진 resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant
resolute [rézəlùːt] a. 굳게 결심한, 단호한 : RESOLVED : firm or determined; unwavering
malleable : shape :: irresolute : opinion indubitable : question :: resolute : sway resolute : dissuade :: obstreperous : control obstreperous 사납게 날뛰는, 다루기 힘든; 떠들썩한, 시끄러운
resoluteness : will :: zeal : conviction resolute : determined :: (EQUAL) daunt ↔ make resolute daunt 위협하다, 위압하다; 기죽게 하다 to abate the courage of;
discourage jittery ↔ resolute jittery 신경질적인, 초조해하는 having or feeling nervous unease;
marked by jittering movements jitter 신경질, 안절부절 못하는 상태 to be nervous or uneasy
resolution ↔ vacillation, sway resolute ↔ wavering, faltering
resonant [réz-ənənt] a. 울려 퍼지는; 공명하는 1. strong and deep in tone; resounding 2. continuing to sound in the ears or memory; echoing 3. having a prolonged, subtle, or stimulating effect beyond
the initial impact full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound full-bodied 뚱뚱한; (내용이) 풍부한, 중요한; (술이) 감칠맛이 있는
resonant ↔ muffled, queit, mumbling, cacophonous, discordant, grating
resourceful [riːsɔ ːrsfəl, -zɔ ːrs-] a. 재치있는 : able to act effectively or imaginatively, especially in difficult
situations resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality, mercy
respire [rispɑ iər] v. 호흡하다, 숨쉬다; 한숨 돌리다 1. to breathe in and out; inhale and exhale 2. to undergo the metabolic process of respiration 3. to breathe easily again, as after a period of exertion or
trouble lung : respire :: tooth : masticate respire ↔ choke, smother, stifle, suffocate smother 덮다, 싸다; 질식시키다, 숨막히게 하다; 감추다, 은폐하다
respite [réspit] n. 일시적 중단, 잠깐의 휴식 : REPRIEVE 1. a usually short interval of rest or relief 2. (law) temporary suspension of a death sentence; a
reprieve reprieve 형 집행을 연기하다; 위안을 주다
respite : labor :: interim : concert interim [íntərim] 짬, 잠시 an interval of time between one event,
process, or period and nother fast : eat :: respite : labor plateau : change :: respite : activity plateau [plætóu] 고원, 지; 학습의 일시적 정지 상태
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moratorium : activity :: respite : labor
resplendent [rispléndənt] a. 화려한, 눈부신 : splendid or dazzling in appearance; brilliant
bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence (EQUAL, 형:명) bootless without advantage or benefit; useless effulgent 찬란히 빛나는, 눈부신 shining brilliantly; resplendent
bravura : performance :: resplendence : appearance bravura 고도의 기교가 필요한 화려한 곡; 화려한 연주
resplendent ↔ dull, lackluster, drab lackluster 광택이 없는, 흐리멍덩한 lacking brightness, luster, or
vitality; dull
responsive [rispɑ nsiv / -spɔ n-] a. 응답하는; 민감한, 반응을 보이는 : SENSITIVE
1. answering or replying; responding 2. readily reacting to suggestions, influences, appeals, or
efforts 3. containing or using responses
dispassionate, feelingless ↔ responsive dispassionate 냉정한, 감정이 개입되지 않은 devoid of or
unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias
restive [réstiv] a. 조종받는 것을 참지 못하고 저항하는, 다루기 힘든, 고집 센; 차분하지 못한, 안절부절 못하는 : FIDGETY, BALKY
fidget(조마조마하(게하)다, 조마조마한 상태 / fidget with one's wach 조마조마하게 시계를 만지작거리다.)
balky : 고집센, 말을 안 듣는 1. uneasily impatient under restriction, opposition, criticism, or delay 2. resisting control; difficult to control 3. refusing to move
restive : serenity :: impeccable : flaw :: sterile : germ incogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calm :: piddling : considerable :: keen : obtuse :: (OPPOSITE) incogitant 분별없는, 경솔한 thoughtless; inconsiderate piddling 사소한, 하찮은 so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's
consideration restive : calmness :: keen : obtuseness :: impetuous : patience :: impeccable : flaw (OPPOSITE)
restive ↔ calm, imperturbable, serene restiveness ↔ contentment, serenity(조용함,안정,평온,차분함) restiveness; 조종받기를 싫어함/ 억제, 비난, 꾸물거리는 것에 해
불편을 느껴 참을 수가 없는 것 ↔ contentment 만족, 안도, 평온 serene 조용한, 고요한, 평화로운
restless [réstlis] a. 침착하지 못한, 불안한; 항상 움직이는, 활동적인 1. marked by a lack of quiet, repose, or rest 2. not able to rest, relax, or be still 3. never still or motionless
restless : serenity :: deferential : insolent insolent 오만한, 거만한
restlessness ↔ composure
restore [ristɔ ːrr] v.t. 부흥하다, 재건하다 dilapidated ↔ restored dilapidate 황폐시키다, 망가뜨리다 to bring or fall into a state of
partial ruin, decay, or disrepair disrepair 파손 상태, 황폐 the condition of being in need of repair
eliminate ↔ restore
restrain [ristréin] v.t. 억누르다, 제약하다; 구속하다 1. a. to hold back or keep in check; control b. to hold (a
person) back; prevent 2. to deprive of freedom or liberty 3. to limit or restrict
temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist (EQUAL) temperate 삼가는, 온건한, 절도 있는; (기후 등이) 온화한 tenacious 몹시 집착하는; 고집 센
rakish : restrain :: slothful : assiduity rakish 방탕한, 난봉부리는; 음탕한 slothful 나태한, 게으른
restrain ↔ release bridled ↔ without restraint bridle [bráidl] 굴레; 구속, 억압
unrepressed, fervid ↔ restrained fervid 열렬한; 불타는 1. marked by great passion or zeal 2. extremely hot; burning
theatrical ↔ restraint theatrical 연극의; 부자연스러운, 거짓의; 과장된
resurgence [risə ːrrdʒənt] n. 소생, 부활 : RENAISSANCE 1. a continuing after interruption; a renewal 2. a restoration to use, acceptance, activity, or vigor; a
revival resurgence ↔ extinguishment, waning, decline, extinguishment resurgent ↔ in decline
resuscitate [risʌ sətèit] v. 소생시키다; 부활시키다:REVITALIZE :to restore consciousness, vigor, or life to
extinct ↔ resuscitated resuscitation ↔ enervation
retain 1. to maintain possession of 2. to keep or hold in a particular place, condition, or position 3. to keep in mind; remember 4. to hire (an attorney, for example) by the payment of a fee 5. to keep in one's service or pay *retention 보유, 보존, 기억(력)
retain ↔ discard retention ↔ forgetfulness, amnesia retention ↔ release, liberation
retainer [ritéinəːr] n. 보유자/물; 신하, 종자 : SERVANT a. an employee, typically a long-term employee b. a servant or an attendant, especially one in the household
of a person of high rank retainer : retinue :: witch : coven retinue (집합적) 일행, 수행단 the retainers or attendants
accompanying a high-ranking person coven [kʌ vən] 마녀의 모임; (일반적으로) 집회 an assembly of 13
witches
retaliate [ritǽlièit] v. 앙갚음하다, 보복하다 : to return like for like, especially evil for evil
remuneration : service :: retaliation : injury remunerate 보수를 지불하다, 보답하다
retard [ritɑ ːrrd] v.t. 지체 시키다 : IMPEDE : to cause to move or proceed slowly; delay or impede
divert : shunt :: retard : brake shunt 비키게 하다, 회피하다; (차량이 다른 궤도로) 전철(轉轍)하다
expedite, catalyze, speed up ↔ retard expedite 촉진시키다; 신속히 처리하다; (공문서 등을) 발송하다
(dispatch), 급파하다(send out) precipitate, catalyze, expedite, speed up ↔ retard, dilatory dilatory 꾸물거리는, 더딘; 지연하는 intended to delay; tending to
postpone or delay
reticent [rétəs-ənt] a. 과묵한; 삼가는, 신중한 : RELUCTANT 1. inclined to keep one's thoughts, feelings, and personal
affairs to oneself 2. restrained or reserved in style 3. reluctant; unwilling 예문: be reticent about the matter 그 문제에 있어서 과묵(신중)
하다
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reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge gorge 작은 골짜기; 폭식, 과식
reticent : voluble :: (OPPOSITE) reticent ↔ effusive, talkative, vociferous, frank frank 거리낌없는, 터놓는, 숨김없는, 노골적인, 드러내놓는 vociferous ↔ reticent, monotone vociferous 떠들썩한; 성가신, 귀찮은 making, given to, or marked
by noisy and vehement outcry voluble, talkative, fluent, glib ↔ taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent reticent ↔ frank reticent ↔ communicative, garrulous, loquacious, prolix, voluble communicative 이야기하기 좋아하는, 터놓고 이야기하는
retinue [rét-ənjùː] n. (시종의) 일행, 수행원 : the retainers or attendants accompanying a high-ranking
person retinue : attendant :: coven : witch → retainer retinue : attendant :: staff : officer :: suite : room suite 한 벌; 특별실, 스위트 룸; 조곡, 모음곡
retort [ritɔ ːrrt] n. 재치 있는 응수, 통렬한 반박; 말 꾸, 보복 : RETURN
v. 1. a. to reply, especially to answer in a quick, caustic, or witty manner
b. to present a counterargument to 2. to return in kind; pay back n. a quick, incisive reply, especially one that turns the first
speaker's words to his or her own disadvantage retort : repartee :: debate : issue :: correspond : letter repartee 재치 있는 응답, 명답 a swift, witty reply
retort : response ::
retouch [riːtʌ tʃ] v. 손질하다, 수정하다 1. to add new details or touches to for correction or
improvement 2. to improve or change (a photographic negative or print),
as by adding details or removing flaws 3. to color (recent growth of hair) to match hair that was
tinted, dyed, or bleached at an earlier date revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture
retract [ritrǽkt] v. 철회하다, 움츠러들다 1. to draw back; disavow 2. to draw back or in
disavow 거부하다, 책임을 부정하다 to disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or association with misunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retract (중국10회 section2 10) retract : statement :: repeal : legislation countermand : order :: revoke : license countermand 철회하다, 취소하다
retract ↔ foster, tender tender 제출하다; 접하다, 제공하다
retreat [ritríːt] n. 철수, 후퇴; 은퇴 1. a. the act or process of withdrawing, especially from
something hazardous, formidable, or unpleasant b. the process of going backward or receding from a
position or condition gained 2. a place affording peace, quiet, privacy, or security 3. a. a period of seclusion, retirement, or solitude b. a period of group withdrawal for prayer, meditation, and
study 4. withdrawal of a military force from a dangerous position
or from an enemy attack incursion ↔ retreat incursion 침입, 습격; (강물의) 유입
retrench [ritréntʃ] v. 줄이다, 삭감하다; 절약하다 1. to cut down; reduce 2. to remove, delete, or omit
retrenchment : expense :: deceleration : speed attenuate : force :: simplify : complexity :: retrench : money retrench ↔ enlarge, expand
retribution [retrəbjú:∫ən] n. 응보, 앙갚음, 보복 1. something justly deserved; recompense 2. something given or demanded in repayment, especially
punishment 3. (theology) punishment or reward distributed in a future
life based on performance in this one
retrograde [rétrəgrèid] a. 역행하는, 퇴보하는 1. moving or tending backward 2. opposite to the usual order inverted or reversed 3. reverting to an earlier or inferior condition
retrograde ↔ progressive
retrogress [rétrəgres] v. 후퇴하다, 퇴보하다 1. to return to an earlier, inferior, or less complex condition 2. to go or move backward
retrogress ↔ move forward
retrospective [rètrəspéktiv] a. 회고의, 추억에 잠기는 1. looking back on, contemplating, or directed to the past 2. looking or directed backward 3. applying to or influencing the past; retroactive 4. of, relating to, or being retrospective
retroactive 반동하는, 소급하는 influencing or applying to a period prior to enactment retrospective ↔ anticipatory
revamp [riːvǽmp] v. 수선하다/개조하다 1. To patch up or restore; renovate. 2. To revise or reconstruct (a manuscript, for example). 3. To vamp (a shoe) anew.
revel [r évəl] v. 야단법석하다, 흥청 다 n. 야단법석, 흥청 는 자리 * revelry n. 야단법석, 흥청 는 술잔치
revel ↔ act soberly revelry ↔ mournfulness
revelation [rèvəléiʃ-ən] n. 폭로, 적발; 계시, 천계(天啓) 1. the act of revealing or disclosing 2. something revealed, especially a dramatic disclosure of
something not previously known or realized revelation ↔ adumbration adumbrate 윤곽을 그리다; (어렴풋이) 보여주다 foreshadow 예시하다, 전조가 되다 to present an indication or a
suggestion of beforehand
revelry [rév-əlri] n. 야단 법석, 흥청 는 술잔치 : boisterous merrymaking
revelry ↔ mournfulness mournful 슬픔에 잠긴; 조의를 표하는; 음산한, 쓸쓸한
revenge [rivéndʒ] n. 복수 1. to inflict punishment in return for (injury or insult) 2. to seek or take vengeance for (oneself or another person);
avenge mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge vindictive 복수심을 품은, 원한이 깊은 disposed to seek revenge;
revengeful
revere [rivíəːr] v. 경외하다 : to regard with awe, deference, and devotion
reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm (A >> B) avidity 탐욕, 갈망 1. ardent desire or craving; eagerness 2. keen interest or enthusiasm
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reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe idolater 우상 숭배자; 심취자 one who blindly or excessively admires
or adores another venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn despicable 천한, 비열한 deserving of contempt or scorn; vile
elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence (EQUAL) exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence revere ↔ jape at, disparage, despise jape 놀리다, 희롱하다 to joke or quip quip 빈정거리다, 비꼬다, 놀리다
reverence ↔ despise reverent ↔ despicable, impudent, scornful irreverent ↔ respectful revere ↔ treat with indignity, profane, jape at (disgrace는 오답)
revile [riváil] v. 욕하다 : to assail with abusive language; vituperate
revile ↔ praise, adulate
revise [riváiz] v.t. 교정하다 1. to prepare a newly edited version of (a text) 2. to reconsider and change or modify
revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture
revive [riváiv] vi. 소생시키다, 기운 나게 하다 1. to bring back to life or consciousness; resuscitate 2. to impart new health, vigor, or spirit to 3. to restore to use, currency, activity, or notice 4. to restore the validity or effectiveness of 5. to renew in the mind; recall 6. to present (an old play, for example) again
revert : prior :: revive : conscious (CHARACTER) wither ↔ revive lull 달래다, 어르다; 진정시키다, 완화시키다
revoke [rivóuk] v. 무효로 하다, 취소하다 : to void or annul by recalling, withdrawing, or reversing
empower ↔ revoke the authority
revue [rivjúː] n. 시사 풍자극 : a musical show consisting of skits, songs, and dances,
often satirizing current events, trends, and personalities
revulsion n. (감정 등의) 급변, 격변, (~에 한 강한) 혐오, 반감 1.A sudden, strong change or reaction in feeling, especially
a feeling of violent disgust or loathing. 2.A withdrawing or turning away from something.
rewarding [riwɔ ːrdiŋ] a. 가치 있는, 보람 있는 : VALUABLE, SATISFYING
1. offering or likely to offer satisfaction or gratification 2. affording profit; remunerative 3. constituting a reward
remunerative 보수가 있는; 유리한(profitable), 수지맞는 drudgery ↔ rewarding work drudgery [drʌdʒəri] 천한/힘든 일, 고역 tedious, menial, or
unpleasant work
rhapsodize [rǽpsədaiz] v.i. (…을) 열광적으로 이야기하다 v.t. …을 (랩소디처럼) 낭송하다, 읊다.
: to express oneself in an immoderately enthusiastic manner
: to recite (something) in the manner of a rhapsody rhapsodize ↔ speak disimpassionately, speak calmly
ribald [ríb-əld] a. 상스러운, 야비한 : CRUDE, OFFENSIVE : characterized by or indulging in vulgar, lewd humor
lewd [lu:d] 음란한, 외설적인 a. preoccupied with sex and sexual desire b. obscene; indecent
ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct ribald ↔ seemly, proper seemly 품위있는, 단정한, 예의바른, 알맞은
rickety [ríkiti] a. 삐걱거리는, 허약한 : SHAKY 1. likely to break or fall apart; shaky 2. feeble with age; infirm 3. of, having, or resembling rickets(구루병)
clothes : ragged :: furniture : rickety
rider [ráidəːr] n. 추가 조항, 부기 1. one that rides, especially one who rides horses 2. a. a clause, usually having little relevance to the main
issue, that is added to a legislative bill b. an amendment or addition to a document or record 3. something, such as the top rail of a fence, that rests on or
is supported by something else rider : bill :: endorsement : policy
ridicule [rídikjùːl] n. 비웃음, 조롱, 놀림 v. 비웃다, 조롱하다 : words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter
at or feelings toward a person or thing satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist reportage 취재 활동; 보도 기사
pillory : ridicule :: guillotine : execute pillory to expose to ridicule and abuse; to put in a pillory as punishment
risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness risible [rízəbl] 잘 웃는; 우스운, 익살맞은
ridicule : derision :: sublime ↔ ridiculous sublime [səbláim] 숭고한, 장엄한; 탁월한, 고상한
rife [raif] a. 유행하는, 가득 찬 : ABOUNDING 1. in widespread existence, practice, or use; increasingly
prevalent 2. abundant or numerous
rife : sparse :: rife ↔ sparse, scarce
riffraff [rífræf] n. 하층민; 잡동사니, 찌끼 1. people regarded as disreputable or worthless 2. rubbish; trash
riffraff ↔ aristocrat, gentry, nobility, throne
rift [rift] n. 틈, 불화 : BREACH, ESTRANGEMENT 1. a narrow fissure in rock 2. a break in friendly relations
faultfinding : criticize :: quibble : cavil (EQUAL, 명 : 동) quibble 발뺌, 핑계, 구실 a petty distinction or an irrelevant objection quibble : failing :: rift : breach (A << B) rift ↔ reconciliation
rig [rig] v.t. (시세, 가격, 승부 등을) 조작하다 : to manipulate dishonestly for personal gain
rig : contest :: gerrymander : district gerrymander 자기 당에 유리한 선거구로 만들다; 제멋 로 고치다
rigid [rídʒid] a. 경직된, 굳은; 완고한, 융통성 없는; 엄한, 엄중한 1. not flexible or pliant; stiff 2. not moving; fixed 3. marked by a lack of flexibility; rigorous and exacting 4. scrupulously maintained or performed
circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid protean [proutí:ən] 변화무쌍한
rigid ↔ pliable, pliant
rigmarole [rígməròul] n.시시한 이야기;복잡한 과정,까다로운 절차 1. confused, rambling, or incoherent discourse; nonsense 2. a complicated, petty set of procedure
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rigmarole ↔ straightforward talk
rigorous [ríg-ərəs] a. 엄격한, 가혹한; 정확한, 엄 한 1. characterized by or acting with rigor 2. full of rigors; harsh 3. rigidly accurate; precise
rile [rail] v.t. 화나게 하다, 짜증나게 하다 : UPSET 1. to stir to anger 2. to stir up (liquid); roil
choleric : rile :: volatile : rouse choleric 화를 잘 내는, 격하기 쉬운
rile ↔ conciliate, make calm, appease, placate, gratify, soothe, please
rind [raind] n. 껍질, 외피; 외관, 겉보기 : a tough outer covering such as bark, the skin of some
fruits, or the coating on cheese or bacon
riot [ráiət] vi. 폭동을 일으키다; 야단법석을 떨다 n. 1. a wild or turbulent disturbance created by a large
number of people 2. (law) a violent disturbance of the public peace by three
or more persons assembled for a common purpose 3. an unrestrained outbreak, as of laughter or passions 4. a profusion 5. a. unrestrained merrymaking; revelry b. debauchery
profusion 량; 낭비, 사치 revelry 흥청망청 떠들기, 환락 debauchery 방탕, 도락; 유흥, 법석 extreme indulgence in sensual
pleasures; dissipation sedate ↔ riot sedate 차분한, 온화한; 조용한 serenely deliberate, composed, and
dignified in character or manner
ripen [rɑ ipən] v. (곡물 등이) 익다, 여물다; 원숙해지다 : to make or become ripe or riper; mature
ripen : maturity :: harden : solidity ripen : mature :: drain : empty
risible [rízəb-əl] a. 웃음을 자아내는, 우스운 : LAUGHABLE 1. relating to laughter or used in eliciting laughter 2. eliciting laughter; ludicrous 3. capable of laughing or inclined to laugh
risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness
rite [rait] n. 엄숙한 의식; 관습, 관례 1. the prescribed or customary form for conducting a
religious or other solemn ceremony 2. a ceremonial act or series of acts ritual n. 의식 a. 의례적인 ritualistic 의례적인
informality : ritualistic :: (A는 B이지 않은) rite ↔ improvised act improvise 즉석에서 짓다, 임시변통하다
rive [raiv] v.t. 찢다, 쪼개다; (마음을) 갈기갈기 찢다 : REND 1. to rend or tear apart 2. to break into pieces, as by a blow; cleave or split asunder 3. to break or distress (the spirit, for example)
rend 박살내다, 분쇄하다; 빼앗다; 잡아 뜯다 rive ↔ unite riven ↔ intact riven [rívən] [rive의 과거분사] 쪼개진, 찢긴 intact 온전한, 원래 로의
riveting [rívitiŋ] a. 매혹적인, 넋을 잃게 하는 : wholly absorbing or engrossing one's attention;
fascinating riveting ↔ banal, vapid
rivulet [rívjəlit] n. 시내, 개울(brook)
: a small brook or steam; a streamlet pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream
robust [roubʌ st, róubʌst] a. 튼튼한, 굳센; 체력/인내심이 필요
한; 거친, 세련되지 못한 1. full of health and strength; vigorous 2. powerfully built; sturdy 3. requiring or suited to physical strength or endurance 4. rough or crude; boisterous 5. marked by richness and fullness; full-bodied
robust ↔ sick, decrepit, feeble, not strong
rococo [rəkóukou] n. 로코코(식) adj. 로코코 양식의, 지나치게 꾸민, 야한
1. style of art, especially architecture and decorative art, that originated in France in the early 18th century and is marked by elaborate ornamentation, as with a profusion of scrolls, foliage, and animal forms
2. a very ornate style of speech or writing rococo ↔ simple
rodent [róud-ən-t] n. (쥐, 다람쥐 등의) 설치류 kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent marsupial [ma:rsjú:piəl] (캥거루, 주머니쥐 등의) 유 동물
rodomontade [rɑ dəməntéid] n. 허풍, 호언장담 : pretentious boasting or bragging; bluster
pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade swagger 뽐내며 걷다, 허풍을 떨다
roil [rɔil] v. (포도주 등을) 휘저어 흐리게 만들다; 마음을 휘젓다, 초조하게 만들다
1. to make (a liquid) muddy or cloudy by stirring up sediment 2. to displease or disturb; vex
roil ↔ clarify, appease, settle, release, calm
roister [rɔ istəːr] v. 술 마시며 떠들다, 법석을 떨다 : CAROUSE 1. to engage in boisterous merrymaking; revel noisily 2. to behave in a blustering manner; swagger
roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw carouse [kəráuz] 흥청 다, 떠들썩하게 마시다 recluse 은둔자 a person who withdraws from the world to live in
seclusion and often in solitude
rookie [rúki] n. 신인 선수; 풋내기, 초심자 professional : rookie :: soldier : recruit recruit 신병; 신참자, 신입생
roster [rɑ stəːr / rɔ s-] n. 근무 당번표; 명단 1. a list, especially of names 2. a list of the names of military officers and enlisted
personnel enrolled for active duty roster : personnel :: slate : candidate slate 슬레이트, 석판; 후보자 명단
roster : staff :: obituary : death obituary (신문 등의) 사망 광고
bibliography : publication :: roster : name (A는 B의 목록(list))
rostrum [rɑ strəm] n. 연단, 강단; DAIS rostrum : orator :: bench : judge
rosy [róuzi] a. 장밋빛의; (장래가) 밝은, 유망한; 낙관적인 1. a. having the characteristic pink or red color of a rose b. flushed with a healthy glow 2. consisting of, decorated with, or suggestive of a rose or
roses 3. bright or cheerful; optimistic
roundabout a. 우회적인 : CIRCUITOUS, INDIRECT
rotundity [routʌ ndəti] n. 비만
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1. marked by roundness : ROUNDED 2. marked by fullness of sound or cadence : OROTUND,
SONOROUS *a master of rotund diction* 3. notably plump : CHUBBY * rotund adj.
rotund ↔ thin rotundity ↔ slimness, thinness
rouse [rauz] v.t. 자극하다 1. to arouse from slumber, apathy, or depression 2. to excite, as to anger or actin; stir up
quell, mollify, move quietly ↔ foment, instigate, rouse
rowdy [rɑ udi] n. 난폭한 사람, 싸움쟁이, 소란스러운 사람 a. 난폭한, 소란스러운
rowdy ↔ decorous decorous 품위있는, 예의바른, 단정한
royalty [rɔ iəlti] n. 왕족; 왕위; 기품; 인세, 사용료 royalty : payment :: subpoena : writ (A ∈ B) subpoena 소환장 writ 영장; 공식 문서
rubicund [rúːbikʌ nd] a. 혈색이 좋은, 홍조를 띤 : inclined to a healthy rosiness; ruddy
rubicund ↔ pale, pallid, wan rubicundity ↔ pallor pallor 안색이 나쁨 extreme or unnatural paleness
rubble [rʌ b-əl] n. 잡석 : a loose mass of angular fragments of rock or masonry
crumbled by natural or human forces. rubble ↔ unbroken stone
rudder [rʌ dəːr] n. 방향타; 지침 : a controlling agent or influence over direction; a guide
rude [ruːd] a. 버릇없는, 교양 없는, 가공하지 않은, 상스러운, 건장한
예; be in rude health 몹시 건강하다 1. Relatively undeveloped; primitive: a rude and savage
land 야만의 2. Lacking the graces and refinement of civilized life;
uncouth Lacking education or knowledge; unlearned. Ill-mannered; discourteous 교양 없는
3 Being in a crude, rough, unfinished condition: a rude thatched hut. Exhibiting a marked lack of skill or precision in work: rude crafts. In a natural, raw state: bales of rude cotton. 조잡한, 허름한
annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl (B = A하는 사람) rude : churl :: intrusive : interloper rude ↔ weak rude ↔ civil, learned, experienced civil 시민의, 국가의; 질서가 있는, 문명화된; 예의바른, 정중한
rude ↔ finished, refined, developed, sophiscated
rudiment [rúːdəmənt] n. 근본, 기초; 초기 상태, 시초 1. a fundamental element, principle, or skill, as of a field of
learning 2. something in an incipient or undeveloped form
rudimentary ↔ fully developed, fully evolved, completely involved, highly evolved, realized rudimentary 근본의; 미발달의, 미숙한 incipient 시작의, 초기의, 발단의 beginning to exist or appear
ruddy [rʌ di] a. 혈색 좋은; 불그레한(reddish) 1. having a healthy, reddish color 2. reddish; rosy
ruddy ↔ anemic anemic [əní:mik] 빈혈증의; 무기력한 lacking vitality; listless and
weak listless 내키지 않는, 무관심한; 굼뜬 lacking energy or disinclined to
exert effort; lethargic
rue [ruː] v. 후회하다, 뉘우치다 : to feel sorrow, remorse, or regret for * rueful [rú:fəl] a. 안쓰러운, 애처로운; 침울한, 슬퍼 보이는 1. inspiring pity or compassion 2. causing, feeling, or expressing sorrow or regret
longing : pine :: remorse : rue (EQUAL) rue ↔ satisfy rue ↔ exult in rueful ↔ impenitent impenitent 뉘우치지 않는; 완고한
ruffian [rʌ fiən] n. 악당, 깡패 : BULLY
ruffle [rʌ f-əl] v. 물결이 일게 하다; 성나게/짜증나게 하다; (천에) 주름을 잡다
v.t. 1. to disturb the smoothness or regularity of; ripple 2. to pleat or gather (fabric) into a ruffle 3. to erect (the feathers). used of birds 4. to discompose; fluster 5. to flip through (the pages of a book)
fluster 당황하게 하다, 혼란하게 하다 to make or become nervous or upset hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet :: brim, rim : vessel coolheaded ↔ excitable, nervous, agitated, ruffled ruffle ↔ soothe, preen
ruminate [rúːmənèit] v. 심사숙고하다 : to turn a matter over and over in the mind
museful : ruminative :: lamentable : plaintive (EQUAL) muse 심사숙고하다, 생각에 잠기다; 유심히 바라보다 plaintive 구슬픈, 슬픔을 자아내는, 애처로운
ruminate : decide :: (A → B) ruminative ↔ unreflective
rumple [rʌ mp-əl] v. 구기다 : FOLD, WRINKLE : to wrinkle or form into folds or creases
rumple : shirt :: rumple ↔ preen, glaze preen 부리로 다듬다(trim); 자랑하다, 우쭐 다
run [rʌn] n. 연속 공연 : an unbroken sequence of theatrical performances
run : performance ::
rupture [rʌ ptʃəːr] n. 파열, 터짐; 불화, 단절, 다툼 1. a. the process of breaking open or bursting b. the state of being broken open 2. a break in friendly relations
rupture ↔ remain unbreakable
ruse [ruːz] n. 계략, 음모 : a crafty stratagem; a subterfuge
paroxysm : sudden :: ruse : deceptive, deceived (A는 B의 속성을 지님) paroxysm [pǽrəksìzəm] 격발; 발작, 경련
ruse : honest :: ruse ↔ trustful action
rustic [rʌ stik] a. 시골의, 전원풍의; 소박한 : RURAL 1. of, relating to, or typical of country life or country people 2. marked by a lack of sophistication or elegance 3. appropriate for use in the country
polished, urbane ↔ rude, rustic urbane polite, refined, and often elegant in manner
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rustle [rʌ sliŋ] v. (나뭇잎, 종이 등이) 바스락거리다; 활발하게 움직이다; 가축을 훔치다
1. to move with soft fluttering or crackling sounds 2. to move or act energetically or with speed 3. to forage food 4. to steal livestock, especially cattle
plagiarism : ideas :: forgery : documents (베끼다)
S sabbatical [səbǽtikəl] a. 안식일의; 유급 휴가의
sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation infatuation 열중, 심취
sabotage [sǽbətɑ ːʒ, -tidʒ] v.t. 파괴 행위를 하다, 방해하다 n. 1. destruction of property or obstruction of normal
operations, as by civilians or enemy agents in time of war
2. treacherous action to defeat or hinder a cause or an endeavor; deliberate subversion
saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend sabotage : subversion :: bully : intimidation (EQUAL) subvert 전복/타도하다; 부패/타락시키다
sabotage ↔ build, repair, construct, strengthen, rehabilitate, benefit
saccharine [sǽkəràin] a. 달콤한; 매우 정중한, 지나치게 친절한 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of sugar or saccharin;
sweet 2. having a cloyingly sweet attitude, tone, or character 3. excessively sentimental
sugar : saccharine :: butter : margarine margarine 인조버터, 마가린
acerbic ↔ saccharine
sacerdotal [sæserdóutel] a. 성직자(사제)의; 성직 존중의 sacerdotal ↔ lay, secular, irreverent
sacrifice [sǽkrəfàis] n. 산 제물 바치는 일; 희생 1. a. the act of offering something to a deity in propitiation
or homage, especially the ritual slaughter of an animal or a person
b. a victim offered in this way 2. a. forfeiture of something highly valued for the sake of
one considered to have a greater value or claim b. something so forfeited 3. a. relinquishment of something at less than its presumed
value b. something so relinquished c. a loss so sustained
forfeit 벌금, 과료; 추징금; 상실, 박탈 worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury
sacrilege [sǽkrəlidʒ] n. 신성 모독 : desecration, profanation, misuse, or theft of something
sacred * sacrilegious adj. 신성을 더럽히는, 신앙심이 없는 * sacrosanct a. 더할 나위 없이 신성한
sacrilege ↔ respect, reverence, pious action pious 신앙심 깊은, 경건한(religious, devout); 종교를 빙자한, 위선
적인(hypocritical0 sacrilegious ↔ reverent, worshipful sacrosanct ↔ vulnerable to disapprobation, vulnerable to reprobation
saddle[sǽdl]v. (말에) 안장을 놓다; (책임, 세금 등을) 지우다, 부과하
다 1. to put a saddle onto 2. to load or burden; encumber
encumber 방해하다, (의무 등을) 지우다, 막다
saddle ↔ unload
safeguard [séifgɑ ːrd] n. 보호수단; 안전장치 safeguard : harm :: safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination quarantine (질병 예방을 위한) 격리; 검역국, 격리소
sag [sæg] v. 축 처지다, 내려앉다; 맥이 빠지다, 낙심하다 1. to sink, droop, or settle from pressure or weight 2. to lose vigor, firmness, or resilience 3. to decline, as in value or price
saga [sɑ :gə] n. 무용담, 하소설 saga : narrative :: epic : poem saga ↔ anecdote
sage [seidʒ] n. 현명한 사람 a. 현명한 * sagacious [səgéiʃəs] a. (판단, 통찰력 등) 현명한; 후각이
예민한 : DISCERNING : having or showing keen discernment, sound judgment, and farsightedness
prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton :: constancy : turncoat daredevil 앞뒤를 가리지 않는, 저돌적인 (사람) one who is recklessly
bold miser : stingy :: sage : judicious sage 슬기로운/현명한 사람; 현인, 철인 one venerated for experience,
judgment, and wisdom sage : judgment :: knave : deceit knave [neiv] 악한, 깡패
sensitive : boor :: sagacity : simpleton (OPPOSITE) constant : stalwart :: judicious : sagacious (EQUAL) sage : wisdom :: veteran : experience :: philanthropist : benevolence sagacious ↔ without wisdom, folly, fatuous fatuous 어리석은, 바보 같은, 어수룩한
sagacity ↔ folly, simpleton sage ↔ fool
salacious [səléi∫əs] a. 호색의, 외설스러운, 추잡한 salacious ↔ chaste
salient [séiliənt, -ljənt] a. 현저한, 두드러진; 튀어나온, 돌출한 1. projecting or jutting beyond a line or surface; protruding 2. strikingly conspicuous; prominent 3. springing; jumping
salient : ignore :: incomprehensible : understand subtle : ignore :: salient : observe salient ↔ inconspicuous, reentrant, unconspicuous reentrant 오목한 pointing inward
sallow [sǽlou] adj. 혈색이 나쁜 : of a grayish greenish yellow color
sallow ↔ ruddy
sally [sǽli] v. 반격(출격)하다, 힘차게 나가다, 솟아나오다 1. to rush out or leap forth suddenly 2. to issue suddenly from a defensive or besieged position to
attack an enemy 3. to set out on a trip or an excursion
sally ↔ move slowly, dawdle, move back sally ↔ arrive, come
salmon [sǽmən] n. 연어 salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist ichthyology [ìkθiálədʒi] 어류학 herpetology 파충류학
salubrious [səlúːbriəs] a. 건강에 좋은 : conducive or favorable to health or well-being
salubrious : health :: instructive : comprehension instructive conveying knowledge or information; enlightening
salubrious, salutary ↔ baneful, noxious, unhealthy, morbid, squalid,
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deleterious, virulent, injurious baneful 파멸시키는; 해로운, 독이 있는 causing death, destruction,
or ruin; harmful morbid 병적인, 과민한; 병에 기인하는 squalid 지저분한, 누추한; 비참한, 한심스러운; 비열한 deleterious [dèlitíəriəs] 해로운 having a harmful effect; injurious virulent [vírjələnt] 독이 있는, 치명적인; 적의에 찬, 신랄한; 심술
궂은 salubrious ↔ unhealthy, deleterious insalubrious ↔ wholesome insalubrity ↔ healthfulness
salutary [sæ ljətèri / -t-əri] a. 유익한, 건강에 좋은: CURATIVE 1. effecting or designed to effect an improvement; remedial 2. favorable to health; wholesome
deleterious, unhealthy, baneful, deleterious ↔ salutary, salubrious deleterious 해로운, 해독을 끼치는 having a harmful effect; injurious
salutation [sæ ljətéiʃ-ən] n. (말, 몸짓에 의한) 인사; 인사말 1. a. a polite expression of greeting or goodwill b. greetings indicating respect and affection; regards 2. a gesture of greeting, such as a bow or kiss 3. a word or phrase of greeting used to begin a letter
salutation : welcome :: applause : praise
salute [səljú:t] v. (예의바르게) 인사하다, 경례하다, 경의를 표하다, 맞이하다 n. 인사, 경례
salute : respect :: nod :assent
salvage [sǽlvidʒ] n. 해난 구조 v. 구출하다 1. to save from loss or destruction 2. to save (discarded or damaged material) for further use
salvage ↔ abandon
salve [sæ(ː)v, sɑːv] n. 연고, 고약; 위안; 아첨 1. an analgesic or medicinal ointment 2. something that soothes or heals; a balm 3. flattery or commendation
placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous unctuous 기름기 있는; 지나치게 거드름을 피우는; 간살을 부리는,
말주변이 좋은 salve ↔ irritant salving ↔ catalyst
salvo [sǽlvou] n. 일제 사격; 위안 1. a. simultaneous discharge of firearms b. the simultaneous release of a rack of bombs from an
aircraft c. the projectiles or bombs thus released 2. something resembling a release or discharge of bombs or
firearms, as: a. a sudden outburst, as of cheers or praise b. a forceful verbal or written assault
sanctify [sǽŋktəfài] v.t. 신성하게 하다; 깨끗이 하다, 정화하다 : CONSECRATE 1. to set apart for sacred use; consecrate 2. to make holy; purify 3. to give religious sanction to, as with an oath or a vow 4. to give social or moral sanction to 5. to make productive of holiness or spiritual blessing
desecrate ↔ sanctify, revere desecrate 신성을 모독하다 to violate the sacredness of; profane
sanctuary [sǽŋ:kt∫u`əri] n. 성역, 사원, 교회 sanctuary : protection :: utopia : perfection
sanctum 성소, 신성한 장소 1. a sacred or holy place. 2. a private place where one is free from intrusion.
sanctum : ? :: refuge : offence
sanctimonious [sæ ŋktəmóuniəs] a. 독실한 신자인 체하는 : feigning piety or righteousness
sanctimonious : devouted :: unctuous : earnest unctuous 기름기가 도는; 매끄러운; 상냥한; (겉으로만) 열심인 체하
는
sanction [sǽŋkʃən] v. 인가하다, 공인하다, 비준하다 1. to give official authorization or approval to 2. to encourage or tolerate by indicating approval
sanction ↔ refuse to tolerate, forbid, proscribe, reject
sanctuary [sǽŋktʃuèri / --əri] n. 성역; 보호 구역, 피난처 sanctuary : protection :: utopia : perfection sanctuary : protection :: wilderness : peril (A = B가 있는 곳) wilderness Something characterized by bewildering vastness,
PERILOUSNESS, or unchecked profusion: the wilderness of the city; the wilderness of counterespionage.
peril 위험, 위기; 모험
sand [sænd] v. 사포질하다 : to smooth or dress by grinding or rubbing with an abrasive
(as sandpaper) varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth sand : dune :: word : sentence (water : canal 관계는 오답)
sang-froid [sɑ:ŋfrwɑ :] n. 침착, 냉정 sang-froid : perturbation :: obstinancy : sway :: obstinancy : flexibility sang-froid ↔ agitation
sanguine [sǽŋgwin] a. 불그스레한; 자신만만한, 낙천적인 : CONFIDENT, OPTIMISTIC
1. a. (color) of the color of blood; red b. of a healthy reddish color; ruddy
2. cheerfully confident; optimistic sanguine : blooded :: confident : optimistic sanguine ↔ despondent, morose, hopeless despondent 낙담한, 풀이 죽은, 의기소침한 feeling or expressing
despondency; dejected morose 시무룩한, 기분이 언짢은 sullenly melancholy; gloomy
sanitation [sæ nətéiʃ-ən] n. 공중위생 1. formulation and application of measures designed to
protect public health 2. disposal of sewage(하수, 오수)
censorship : information :: sanitation : disease noxious ↔ wholesome, sanitary, innocuous sanitary 위생의; 깨끗한, 위생적인
insanitation ↔ healthfulness
sap [sæp] v. 차차 약화시키다 : UNDERMINE 1. to undermine the foundations of (a fortification) 2. to deplete or weaken gradually; devitalize
sap ↔ invigorate, fortify, bolster, revitalize, strengthen
sapient [séipiənt] a. 지혜로운 : having great wisdom and discernment
sapient ↔ foolish, witless
sapling [sǽpliŋ] n. 묘목/젊은이 : a young tree; specifically : one not over four inches in diameter at breast height
sarcasm [sɑ :rkæz:əm] n. 빈정거림, 비꼼, 풍자 1. a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound 2. a form of wit that is marked by the use of sarcastic
language and is intended to make its victim the butt of contempt or ridicule
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3. the use of sarcasm sarcasm ↔ praise
sartorial [sɑːrtɔ ːriəl] a. 재봉사의, 의복의 : of or relating to a tailor, tailoring, or tailored clothing
tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel tonsorial 이발(사)의 of or relating to barbering or a barber
sate [seit] v. 충분히 만족시키다, 충족시키다; 실컷 주다 1. to satisfy (an appetite) fully 2. to satisfy to excess
sate ↔ starve, leave wanting
satiate [séiʃièit] v. ~을 배부르게 하다, 물리게 하다, 실컷 만족시키다
1. to satisfy (an appetite or a desire) fully 2. to satisfy to excess
satiated : food :: saturated : moisture satiate ↔ tantalize, starve tantalize 감질나게 하다
sate [seit] v. 충분히 만족시키다 = satiate sate ↔ starve
satiety [sətáiəti] n. 포만 1 : the quality or state of being fed or gratified to or beyond
capacity : SURFEIT, FULLNESS 2 : the revulsion or disgust caused by overindulgence or
excess satiety ↔ emptiness
satire [sǽtaiəːr] n. 풍자, 비꼼; 풍자문학 1. a. a literary work in which human vice or folly is attacked
through irony, derision, or wit b. the branch of literature constituting such works 2. irony, sarcasm, or caustic wit used to attack or expose
folly, vice, or stupidity panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize panegyric 칭찬하는 말/글; 찬사
satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow :: expository : explain satire : lampoon :: diligence : effort reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist reportage 취재 활동; 보도 기사
limerick : poem :: lampoon : satire (A ∈ B) limerick; 5행 희시
satirical : ridicule :: expository : explain (A는 B인 성격을 지님 + A는 B를 목적으로 함)
expository 설명(해설)적인 satire ↔ comfort
satisfactory [sætisfǽktəri] adj. 만족할 만한, 훌륭한, 충분한 satisfactory ↔ wanting
saturated [sǽtʃərèitid] a. 흠뻑 젖은 1. unable to hold or contain more; full 2. soaked with moisture; drenched
satiated : food :: saturated : moisture small : minuscule :: moist : saturated (A << B) minuscule [mínəskjù:l] 아주 작은, 중요하지 않은; 소문자의 very
small; tiny obliterate : remove :: saturate : wet (A >> B) saturated : wet :: peeved : annoy (EQUAL, 형 : 동) saturate : moisture :: thaw : warmth saturated ↔ desiccated
saturnine [sǽtəːrnàin] a. 토성의 영향을 받아 태어난; 음울한, 성미가 까다로운; 납의
1. having the temperament of one born under the supposed astrological influence of Saturn
2. a. melancholy or sullen
b. having or marked by a tendency to be bitter or sardonic 3. produced by absorption of lead
sardonic 조소적인, 빈정 는 scornfully or cynically mocking despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy (EQUAL) despondency depression of spirits from loss of hope, confidence, or
courage; dejection saturnine ↔ jovial, genial, mercurial, effervescent
saucy [sɔ :si] a. 건방진, 뻔뻔스러운 1. a. impertinent or disrespectful b. impertinent in an entertaining way; impossible to repress
or control 2. piquant; pert
impertinent 건방진, 뻔뻔스러운; 관계없는, 적절하지 않은 pert 건방진, 방자한; (옷 등이) 세련된
saunter [sɔ ːntəːr, sɑ ːn-] v. 어슬렁거리다 : to walk at a leisurely pace; stroll
prate : speak :: saunter : walk prate to talk idly and at length; chatter
savanna [səvǽnə] n. 사바나, 아프리카 초원 : a flat grassland of tropical or subtropical regions
savanna ↔ slope
savant [sævɑ ːnt] n. 학식이 높은 사람 1. a learned person; a scholar 2. n idiot savant
savant ↔ unlearned person
savory [séivəri] a. 맛있는, 입맛 당기는; 자극적인 맛이 있는; 기분 좋은, 안락한
1. appetizing to the taste or smell 2. piquant, pungent, or salty to the taste; not sweet 3. morally respectable; inoffensive
mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste unsavory : flavor :: discordant : sound palatable : savory :: discernable : manifest (A << B(동의어라는 설도 있음))
savory ↔ noisome, acrid, unpalatable noisome 역겨운; 건강에 나쁜 offensive to the point of arousing
disgust; harmful or dangerous acrid (맛, 냄새가) 찌르는 듯한, 얼얼한; 신랄한
savvy [sǽvi] a. 재치 있는 : well informed and perceptive; shrewd
savvy ↔ simpleton, simplicity savvy ↔ tactless tactless 재치 없는, 무뚝뚝한
sawdust [sɔ :dʌ st] n. 톱밥 soot : combustion :: sawdust : woodcutting soot 검댕
wood : sawdust :: metal : filing sawdust : wood :: crumbs : bread
scabbard [skǽbərd] n. (칼 등의) 집 : a sheath, as for a dagger or sword
sheath [ʃi:θ] 칼집; 덮개 dagger : scabbard :: pistol : holster holster 권총의 가죽 케이스
scad [skǽd] n. 다량, 다수 : a large number or amount. often used in the plural
scads ↔ paucity
scald [sk :ld] v. 데게 하다; 데치다; 비난하다 1. to burn with or as if with hot liquid or steam 2. to subject to or treat with boiling water 3. to heat (a liquid, such as milk) almost to the boiling point
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4. to criticize harshly; excoriate
scale [skeil] n. 저울, 음계 gauge : pressure :: scale : weight color : spectrum :: tone : scale scale : weight :: yardstick : length yardstick 야드 자; 기준, 척도
color : spectrum :: tone : scale
scalpel [skǽlp-əl] n. 외과용 메스 a small, straight knife with a thin, sharp blade used in
surgery and dissection scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer tackiness : adhesive :: sharpness : scalpel tacky 끈적끈적한
scan [skæn] v.t. 1. to examine closely 면 히 조사하다 2. to look over quickly and systematically 3. to look over or leaf through hastily 충 훑어보다 4. to analyze (verse) into metrical patterns 운율을 살피다
scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical
scant [skænt] a. 부족한, 모자라는; 인색한 1. barely sufficient 2. falling short of a specific measure 3. inadequately supplied; short
scant : considerable :: (OPPOSITE) scant ↔ considerable, abundant, plenty, voluminous, profuse, myriad, affluent
scanty [skǽnti] a. 부족한, 빠듯한 1. barely sufficient or adequate 2. insufficient, as in extent or degree
voluminous ↔ scanty, scarce myriad, profuse ↔ scanty myriad 무수한 constituting a very large, indefinite number;
innumerable scanty ↔ abundant
scapegoat [skéipgòut] n. 남의 죄를 떠맡는 사람, 희생양 : one that is made to bear the blame of others
scarce [skɛəːrs] a. 모자라는, 드문 1. insufficient to meet a demand or requirement; short in
supply 2. hard to find; absent or rare
superfluity ↔ scarcity myriad ↔ few, scarce myriad 무수한 constituting a very large, indefinite number;
innumerable scarce ↔ rife, abound, abundant voluminous ↔ scanty, scarce, sparse, summarizing
scare [skɛəːr] v. 겁주다 : to strike with sudden fear; alarm
scare : terrified :: bully : scare ::
scarp [skɑːrp] n. 급경사 : an escarpment
escarpment 벼랑, 급경사면
scathing [skéiðiŋ] a. 상처를 주는, 신랄한 1. bitterly denunciatory; harshly critical 2. harmful or painful; injurious
scathing ↔ politely/calmly complimentary
schematic [ski(ː)mǽtik] a. 개요의, 도식적인 of, relating to, or in the form of a scheme or diagram
scheme [skiːm] v. 계획하다; 음모를 꾸미다 : INTRIGUE 1. to plot 2. to contrive a plan or scheme for
follow : shadow :: plan : scheme plan : scheme :: depart : abscond
schism [síz-əm] n. 분열, 분파 1. a separation or division into factions 2. a. a formal breach of union within a Christian church b. the offense of attempting to produce such a breach 3. disunion; discord
schism : consensus :: interruption : continuity (OPPOSITE) schism ↔ unity, concord, accord, unanimity, consensus
scission [síʒən, sí∫-] n. 분리, 분열, 절단 scission ↔ unification
school [sku:l] n. (물고기 등의) 떼 : a large group of aquatic animals, especially fish, swimming
together; a shoal school : fish :: flock : birds
scintillate [síntəleit] v. 불꽃을 튀기다; 번쩍이다 1. to throw off sparks; flash 2. to sparkle or shine 3. to be animated and brilliant
scintillate : flash :: scintillating ↔ dull, fool
scion [sáiən] n. 자손 : DESCENDANT : a descendant or an heir
scion ↔ ancestor
scission [síʒ:ən] n. 절단, 분할, 분열 : the act of cutting or severing; division or fission
scission ↔ unification
scissor [sízər] (pl.) n. 가위 pestle : grinding :: scissors : cutting saw : carpenter :: scissors : tailor
scoff [skɔːf, skɑf] v. 비웃다, 조롱하다 : to mock at or treat with derision
pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless bluster 거세게 몰아치다; 고함치다 prate to talk idly and at length; chatter
scoff : contemptible :: thank : grateful scoff : contempt :: thank : gratitude
scooter [skúːtəːr] n. 스쿠터 v. 달리다, 나아가다 oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter (2002년 후기임) (A는 B의 운동 방식)
momentum Physics. A measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity. ALSO CALLED LINEAR MOMENTUM.
scorch [skɔːrtʃ] v. 바짝 마르다, 겉을 태우다; 혹평하다 : PARCH 1. to burn superficially so as to discolor or damage the
texture 2. to wither or parch with intense heat 3. to destroy by or as if by fire (all land and buildings in one's
path) so as to leave nothing salvageable to an enemy army
4. to subject to severe censure; excoriate dampen ↔ scorch
score [skɔːr] n. 악보
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director : script :: conductor : score script : writer :: score : composer script : drama :: score : music notes : score :: symbols : rebus rebus [rí:bəs] 수수께끼
score : instrument ::
scorn [skɔːrn] v.t. 경멸하다 1. to consider or treat as contemptible or unworthy 2. to reject or refuse with derision
scorn : reject :: adulate : flatter (중국 3회-3-15, ignore은 GRE에서 ‘눈에 띄지 않으면 무시한다’의 ‘무시하다’ 뉘앙스로 많이 씀)
deferential : offend :: scornful : respect (OPPOSITE) redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard redoubtable 가공할; 존경할만한 arousing fear or awe; worthy of
respect or honor venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn (EQUAL) adulate, venerate ↔ scorn
scotch [skɑtʃ / skɔtʃ] v. 마구 치다, 숨통을 끊다; 진압하다, 강압하다; 깊이 베다, 굄목으로 고정시키다
1. to put an abrupt end to 2. to injure so as to render harmless 3. to cut or score 4. to block (a whell) with a prop to prevent rolling or
slipping scotch ↔ unfasten scotch ↔ encourage (빅북)
scour [skauəːr] v.t. 문질러 닦다 1. a. to clean, polish, or wash by scrubbing vigorously b. to
remove by scrubbing 2. to remove dirt or grease from (cloth or fibers) by means
of a detergent 3. to clean (wheat) before the milling process 4. to clear (an area) by freeing of weeds or other
vegetation 5. to clear (a channel or pipe) by flushing
scour : wash ::
scourge [skəːrdʒ] n. 회초리/천벌 1. WHIP; especially : one used to inflict pain or
punishment 2. an instrument of punishment or criticism 3. a cause of wide or great affliction
scourge ↔ rewarding
scowl [skaul] vi. 얼굴을 찌푸리다 :to wrinkle or contract the brow as an expression of anger
or disapproval scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection
scrap [skræp] v. 버리다, 해체하다 1. to break down into parts for disposal or salvage 2. to discard as worthless; junk
scrap ↔ retrieve
scrappy [skrǽpi] a. 공격적인 1. quarrelsome; contentious 2. full of fighting spirit
scrappy ↔ timorous timorous 겁먹은, 소심한 full of apprehensiveness; timid
scrawl [skríb-əl] v. 휘갈겨 쓰다, 낙서하다 SCRIBBLE : to write hastily or illegibly
scrawl ↔ carefully write
screw [skru:] n. 나사
gear : tooth :: screw : thread (A = B의 집합으로 이루어짐)
scribble [skríbl] v. 휘갈겨 쓰다 1. to write hurriedly without heed to legibility or style 2. to cover with scribbles, doodles, or meaningless marks
tinker : adjust :: scribble : write :: mumble : talk tinker 땜질하다; 어설프게 만지다/고치다 to make unskilled or
experimental efforts at repair
scrimp [skrimp] v. ~을 몹시 제한하다, 긴축(절약)하다 scrimp ↔ squander, lavish
script [skript] n. 본 director : script :: conductor : score script : drama :: score : music, symphony
scrupulous [skrúːpjələs] a. 세심한, 꼼꼼한; 양심적인, 신중한 : CONSCIENTIOUS 1. conscientious and exact; painstaking 2. having scruples; principled
conscience 양심 * scruple [skrú:pl] n. 양심의 가책; 주저, 사양, 망설임; 소량
1. an uneasy feeling arising from conscience or principle that tends to hinder action
2. 약량의 단위 (약 1.296g) 3. a minute part or amount man of no scruples 양심의 가책을 느끼지 않는 사람 without scruples 망설임 없이, 태연하게
* unscrupulous adj. 거리낌(조심성) 없는, 비양심적인 unscrupulous : integrity :: unscrupulous ↔ principled, circumspect, measured probity, integrity ↔ unscrupulousness probity 정직, 성실, 청렴 complete and confirmed integrity;
uprightness scrupulousity ↔ lack of conscience
scrutable [skrúːtəb-əl] a. 이해할 수 있는 : capable of being understood through study and
observation; comprehensible mysterious ↔ scrutable
scrutinize [skrúːt-ənàiz] v. 정 조사하다, 빤히 쳐다보다 : to examine or observe with great care; inspect critically * inscrutable adj. 불가사의한, 헤아릴 수 없는, 알아볼 수 없는
scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim gloss 광을 내다; 겉치레를 하다 delve to search deeply and laboriously
scrutinize : glimpse, glance :: delve : skim scrutinize : look :: contemplate : thought contemplate 눈여겨보다, 심사숙고하다, 의도하다
observe : scrutinize :: question : grill (A << B) headstrong : advice :: secretive : scrutiny, investigate (A = B를 거부함) scrutinize : examine :: delineate : describe scrutinize : observe :: investigate : interrogate (A >> B) investigate; to observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically. interrogate; to examine by questioning formally or officially. scrutiny ↔ casual glance, cursory inspection scrutinize ↔ gloss over, examine cursorily inscrutable ↔ already proven
scuff [skʌf] v. 발을 끌다 : to scrape the feet while walking; shuffle
scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization
sculptor [skʌ lptəːr] n. 조각가 * sculpt, sculpture n. 조각(술)
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canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor author : novel :: sculptor : marble statue : sculpture :: ode : poem (A ∈ B)
scurrilous [skə ːrələs, skʌ -] a. 상스러운, 업신여기는 1. given to the use of vulgar, coarse, or abusive language;
foul-mouthed 2. expressed in vulgar, coarse, and abusive language * scurrility n. 상스러움
scurrilous : propriety :: mercurial : constancy (A에는 B가 없는) propriety 예의 바름, 단정 scurrilous ↔ noble, complimentary, inoffensive, decent, polite, respectful
scurvy [skə ːrvi] a. 천한, 비열한, 야비한 : DESPICABLE :mean; contemptible
scurvy ↔ above reproach scurviness ↔ simplicity
scythe [saið] n. 큰 낫 scythe : reaper :: axe : woodcutter
seamy [síːmi] a. 이음매가 있는, 틈이 있는; 싫은, 기분 나쁜; 치사한, 천한
1. sordid; base 2. having, marked with, or showing a seam
sordid 더러운, 지저분한; 치사스러운, 탐욕적인; 야비한, 천한 seamy ↔ decent and respectable
seascape [sí:skeip] n. 바다 경치; 해양 그림/사진 : a view or picture of the sea
portrait : person :: seascape : ocean
secluded [siklúːdid] a. 은둔의, 외딴 1. removed or remote from others; solitary 2. screened from view; sequestered
sequester 격리하다, 은퇴시키다; 압류/몰수하다 hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous hermitage 외딴집, 은신처; 은둔 생활 landmark 표석, 경계표지; 획기적인 사건
secrete [sikríːt] v.t. 분비하다; 숨기다. : to generate and separate (a substance) from cells or
bodily fluids 1. to conceal in a hiding place; cache 2. to steal secretly; filch
secrete ↔ absorb secrete ↔ divulge divulge 누설하다, 폭로하다 to make known (something private or
secret)
secretive [sí:krətiv, sikri:-] a. 숨기는, 입다물고 있는 frank : secretiveness :: honest : theft secretive : scrutiny :: headstrong : advice (A면 B하기 힘들다) secretiveness ↔ honest
secular [sékjələːr] a. 현세의, 세속의; 비종교적인 1. worldly rather than spiritual 2. not specifically relating to religion or to a religious body 3. relating to or advocating secularism(세속주의) 4. not bond by monastic restrictions, especially not
belonging to a religious order monastic 수도원의; 은둔적인, 금욕적인 secular : sacred :: secular ↔ sacred, religious
secure [sikjúəːr] v. (매듭, 토 가) 안정된, 튼튼한 : if you secure an object, you fasten it firmly to another
object.
secure ↔ unfasten
sedate [sidéit] a. 차분한, 침착한 v. 진정시키다 : serenely deliberate, composed, and dignified in character or
manner sedative : drowsiness :: anesthetic : numbness anesthetic 마취제
sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize sterilize 살균/소독하다; 단종시키다; 메마르게 하다, 불모지로 만들다
sedation ↔ riot sedate ↔ flighty, roil, disturb, riot flighty [fláiti] 변덕스러운, 엉뚱한
sedentary [séd-əntèri / -t-əri] a. 정착성의 : SETTLED 1. characterized by or requiring much sitting 2. accustomed to sitting or to taking little exercise 3. remaining or living in one area, as certain birds; not
migratory 4. attached to a surface and not moving freely, as a
barnacle(조개삿갓) migratory, peripatetic ↔ sedentary, rooted peripatetic 돌아다니는, 순회하는; 아리스토텔레스학파의
sedition [sidíʃ-ən] n. 선동/반란 : incitement of resistance to or insurrection against lawful
authority
seduce [sidjúːs] v.t. 꼬드기다, 유혹하다; 매혹하다 1. to lead away from duty, accepted principles, or proper
conduct 2. to induce to engage in sex 3. a. to entice or beguile into a desired state or position b. to win over; attract
seduce ↔ discourage
sedulous [sédʒuləs] a. 부지런한, 끈기 있는 : persevering and constant in effort or application; assiduous
sedulous : assiduous :: bootless : futile sedulous : sacred :: sedulous ↔ careless, lazy sedulity ↔ lack of industriousness
seedy [sí:di] a. 씨가 많은; 초라한, 인색한; 평판이 나쁜 1. having many seeds 2. resembling seeds or a seed 3. worn and shabby; unkempt 4. tired or sick; unwell 5. somewhat disreputable; squalid
seemly [síːmli] a. 예의 바른; 단정한 : DECOROUS 1. conforming to standards of conduct and good taste;
suitable 2. of pleasing appearance; handsome
ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct (OPPOSITE) ribald [ríbəld] 상스러운, 점잖지 못한 characterized by or indulging in
vulgar, lewd humor seemly, sophisticated ↔ uncouth, ribald, indecorous uncouth [ʌnkú:θ] 어색한, 별난; 무례한, 거친
seethe [si:ð] v. 물에 적히다, 끓다, 거품이 일다, 들끓다 n. 끓어오
름, 흥분상태 seethe ↔ serene 고요, 평온 상태 seethe ↔ calm down
segment [ségmənt] v. 나누어지다, 분열하다 : to divide or become divided into segments
segment ↔ make whole segment : unify ::
segregate [ségrəgeit] v. 분리/격리하다; (인종 등을) 차별하다
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1. to separate or isolate from others or from a main body or group
2. to impose the separation of (a race or class) from the rest of society
selective [siléktiv] a. 선택 능력이 있는, 안목이 높은; 정선된, 선택적인 1. of or characterized by selection; discriminating 2. empowered or tending to select
selective ↔ obligatory
self-abasement [selfəbeismənt] n. 자기 경멸(self-humiliation),비하; 겸손(modesty); 열등감
: degradation or humiliation of oneself, especially because of feelings of guilt or inferiority
self-abasement ↔ self-asserting, self-aggrandizement
semblance [sémbləns] n. 외관,용모;유사, 비슷함;소량 1. an outward or token appearance 2. a representation; a copy 3. the barest trace; a modicum
semblance ↔ authentic article semblance ↔ dissimilarity
seminal [sémənl] a. 정액의, 씨의;미발달의, 발전 가능성이 있는 1. of, relating to, or having the power to originate; creative 2. highly influential in an original way; constituting or
providing a basis for further development seminal ↔ hampering further development seminal ↔ derivative
seminary [sémənèri / -nəri] n. 신학교; (죄악 따위의) 온상 1. a. a school, especially a theological school for the
training of priests, ministers, or rabbis b. a school of higher education, especially a private school
for girls 2. a place or environment in which something is developed
or nurtured conservatory : music :: seminary : theology seminary : theologian :: conservatory : artist
senility [siníləti] n. 노쇠 : the quality or state of being senile; specifically : the physical and mental infirmity of old age
senility ↔ youth
sensate a. 지각할 수 있는 1. perceived by a sense or the senses 2. having physical sensation
numb ↔ sensate
sensation [senséiʃən] n. 감각;느낌,기분;센세이션, 흥분,큰 사건 1. a. a perception associated with stimulation of a sense
organ or with a specific body condition b. the faculty to feel or perceive; physical sensibility c. an indefinite, generalized body feeling 2. a state of heightened interest or emotion 3. a. a state of intense public interest and excitement b. a
cause of such interest and excitement analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation analgesic 진통제 anesthetic 마취제
numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness supple 나긋나긋한; 유순한; 비위를 맞추는, 비굴한
numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous lustrous 번쩍이는; 훌륭한, 찬란한; 매력적인
bribe : incorruptible :: affect, rouse : insensible sensation ↔ anesthesia, unnoticed event, numbness anesthesia [ænisθí:ʒə] 마취; 무감각증
sensitive [sénsətiv] a. 민감한, 과민한 obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp sensitization : allergic :: habituation : inured (EQUAL) sensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton sensitive : boor :: sagacious : simpleton quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive (A >> B) tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion tactile [tǽktil] 촉감의; 느낄 수 있는 tangible sentient 감각이 있는; 느낄 수 있는
sensitive ↔ numb insensitive ↔ tender = sensitive sentimental, sentient ↔ unconscious
sententious [senténʃəs] adj. 경구적인, 금언이 많은, 경구를 즐겨 쓰는; 설교투의
: terse, aphoristic, or moralistic in expression : PITHY, EPIGRAMMATIC
sententious ↔ wordy
sentient [sénʃənt] a. 의식/감각이 있는 1. having sense perception; conscious 2. experiencing sensation or feeling
tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion tactile [tǽktəl] 촉각의; 만져서 알 수 있는
sentient : consciousness :: sentient, sentimental ↔ unconscious insentient ↔ perceiving, animated
sentinel [séntənəl] n. 보초, 감시인 : one that keeps guard; a sentry
sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating
sentry [séntri] n. 초병, 보초; 감시, 파수 1. a guard, especially a soldier posted at a given spot to
prevent the passage of unauthorized persons 2. the duty of a sentry; watch
sepsis [sépsis] n. 패혈증, 부패작용 1. the presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the
blood or tissues 2. the poisoned condition resulting from the presence of
pathogens or their toxins, as in septicemia
septic [séptik] a. 부패의, 부패시키는 septic ↔ free of infection
sepulchral [səpʌ lkrəl] a. 무덤의; 음산한 : FUNEREAL, MORTUARY
1. of or elating to a burial vault or a receptacle for sacred relics
2. suggestive of the grave; funereal 예; sepulchral visage(look) 음울한 표정
mortuary 영안실, 시체 안치소 sepulchral ↔ merry
sequel [sí:kwəl] n. 후편, 결말 1. something that follows; a continuation 2. a literary work complete in itself but continuing the
narrative of an earlier work 3. a result or consequence
sequela [sikwíːlə] n. 후유증; 결과 1. a pathological condition resulting from a disease 2. a secondary consequence or result
precursor ↔ sequela
sequester [sikwéstər] v.t. 격리하다, 고립시키다 1. to cause to withdraw into seclusion 2. to remove or set apart; segregate
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sequester : seclusion :: endanger : jeopardy jeopardy 위험 risk of loss or injury; peril or danger
sequester ↔ permit to mingle
seraphic [sirǽfik] a. 천사 같은; 맑고 깨끗한 seraphic ↔ dark, earthly, mundane (brittle은 오답) diabolical ↔ seraphic diabolic, diabolical 악마의, 마성의; 사악한, 잔인한 satanic
sere [siər] a. 시든, 말라빠진 : withered; dry
sere ↔ lush, damp lush 푸릇푸릇한, 우거진, 무성한
serendipity [sèrəndípəti] n. 우연히 발견하는 능력 : the faculty of making fortunate discoveries by accident
serendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance ineluctable 피할 수 없는, 면할 수 없는 not to be avoided or
escaped; inevitable
serene [sirí:n] a. 조용한, 고요한; 맑게 갠, 화창한 1. unaffected by disturbance; calm and unruffled 2. unclouded; fair
perturb : serenity :: console : grief :: reassure : doubt (A remove B) perturbed : serenity :: impertinent : propriety impertinent 주제넘은, 무례한; 관계없는
disturb : serenity :: intrude : privacy restless : serenity :: deferential : insolent serene ↔ tumultuous, vociferous serenity ↔ furor, havoc, pandemonium, tumult, bedlam, riot furor [fjú:ərɔ:r] 열광, 흥분 havoc [hǽvək] 황폐, 소동 1. widespread destruction; devastation 2. disorder or chaos pandemonium 혼란; 아수라장 a very noisy place; wild uproar or
noise bedlam 소동, 혼란 a place or situation of noisy uproar and
confusion
sermon [sə :rmən] n. 설교 1. a religious discourse delivered as part of a church service 2. an often lengthy and tedious speech of reproof or
exhortation nitpicker : criticize :: preacher : sermon :: quibbler : cavil homiletics : sermon :: logic : argument homiletics 설교학 the art of preaching
serfdom [səːrfdəm] n. 농노의 신분 serf : a member of a servile feudal class bound to the land
and subject to the will of its owner serfdom ↔ lord serfdom ↔ feudal lord
serpentine [sə ːrp-əntàin,-tìːn] a. 뱀처럼 구불구불한; 음흉한, 교활한
1. of or resembling a serpent, as in form or movement; sinuous
2. subtly sly and tempting serpent (크고 독이 있는) 뱀; (뱀처럼) 교활한 사람
serpentine : directness ::
serrate [sérət, séreit] a. 톱니 모양의, 들쭉날쭉한 1. having or forming a row of small, sharp, projections
resembling the teeth or a saw 2. having a saw-toothed edge or margin notched with
toothlike projections * serration n.
serration ↔ smoothness serrated ↔ smooth, without notches notch 새김눈; 산골짜기(의 길); 단계, 급
serried [sérid] a. 집한, 빽빽한 : COMPACT : pressed or crowded together, especially in rows
serried ↔ widely separated
servile [sə ːrvil, -vail] a. 노예의; 천한, 비굴한; 굽실 는 : abjectly submissive; slavish
compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible (A << B) gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination chicanery 얼버무리기, 핑계 1. deception by trickery or sophistry 2. a trick; a subterfuge
imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable (OPPOSITE) bellicose 호전적인 warlike in manner or temperament; pugnacious
bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan tolerant 관 한, 너그러운
impetuous : hesitate :: irrepressible : servile (OPPOSITE) irrepressible 억누를 수 없는 difficult or impossible to control or
restrain obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive (B하면 A하다, A에는 B의 특성이 있다) obsequious 아부하는, 추종하는 full of or exhibiting servile compliance;
fawning
sever [sevə:r] v. 절단하다, 끊다; 가르다; 이간시키다 1. to set or keep apart; divide or separate 2. to cut off (a part) from a whole 3. to break up (a relationship, for example); dissolve
severe [sivíəːr] a. 엄격한, 준엄한; 모진 : STRINGENT, RESTRICTIVE
mitigate : severe :: qualify : general (A = B하지 않게 하다) mitigate 완화하다 to moderate (a quality or condition) in force or
intensity; alleviate palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity (EQUAL) palmy 영광에 빛나는, 번영하는; 야자나무의 prosperous; flourishing
shabby [ʃǽbi] a. 초라한, 누더기의; 천한, 비열한 1. wearing threadbare clothing 2. a. showing signs of wear and tear; threadbare or worn-out b. dilapidated or deteriorated in condition, especially through
neglect; seedy 3. a. despicable; mean b. not generous or just; unfair c. of mediocre or substandard
quality shabby ↔ smart smart 현명한; 말쑥한
shackle [ʃǽk-əl] v. 수갑을 채우다; 구속하다 n. 수갑, 족쇄 1. to confine with shackles; fetter 2. to fasten or connect with a shackle 3. to restrict, confine, or hamper
shackle ↔ loose, free, unfasten, unfetter, untie, liberate, emancipate (동사 ↔ 동사) emancipate 해방하다, 자유롭게 하다 to free from bondage,
oppression, or restraint; liberate
shadow [ʃǽdou] v.t. 그림자를 드리우다; 미행하다 : to follow, especially in secret; trail
follow : shadow :: leave : abscond :: plot : scheme :: hear, listen : eavesdrop
scheme to make plans, especially secret or devious ones shadowy ↔ overt, distinct, explicit shadowy 그림자 같은, 애매한, 비현실적인 overt 명백한, 공공연한 open and observable; not hidden, concealed,
or secret
shaft, mineshaft [ʃæft, ʃɑːft] n. 갱도 : a long, narrow, often vertical passage sunk into the earth,
as for mining ore; a tunnel
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shaft, mineshaft : lode :: well : aquifer lode 광맥; 풍부한 원천 aquifer [ǽkwəfər] 수층 [지하수를 내장한 지층]
shallow [ʃǽlou] a. 얕은; 깊이가 없는, 피상적인 : SUPERFICIAL 1. measuring little from bottom to top or surface; lacking
physical depth 2. lacking depth of intellect, emotion, or knowledge
shallowness ↔ profundity, realization shallow ↔ profound
sham [ʃæm] n. 가짜, 모조품; 사기꾼 a. 가짜의 v. 모조(위조)하다, ~인 체하다, 가장하다
1. something false or empty that is purported to be genuine; s spurious imitation
2. the quality of deceitfulness; empty pretense 3. one who assumes false character; an impostor 4. a decorative cover made to simulate an article of
household linen and used ver or in lace of it debunk ↔ perpetuate to sham debunk 정체를 폭로하다 to expose or ridicule the falseness, sham,
or exaggerated claims of sham ↔ genuine, debunk
shard [ʃɑːrd] n. (도자기) 파편; 껍질 shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake shard : pottery :: shard : porcelain :: morsel : food :: fragment : bone :: crumb : bread, cake (knob : door은 오답) morsel [mɔ :rsəl] 한입; 한 조각, 소량
shelter [ʃéltəːr] v. 보호하다; 피난처를 제공하다, 숨다 : PROTECT
conspicuous : sheltered :: (OPPOSITE) hedgerow : fence :: arbor : shelter (A ∈ B, 혹은 A는 B의 기능을 함) hedgerow 생울타리 arbor 휴식 장소, 정자
sheep [ʃiːp] n. 양 sheep : ewe :: swan : pen ewe [ju:] 암양 cf. ram 숫양 pen 백조의 암컷
shiftless [ʃíftlis] a. 야심 없는; 무능한 : LAZY 1. a. lacking ambition or purpose; lazy b. characterized by a lack of ambition or energy 2. lacking resourcefulness or efficiency; incompetent
shiftless : ambition :: ingenuous, naïve : guile ingenuous 솔직한, 성실한; 천진한, 꾸밈없는
shifty [∫ífti] a. 교활한, 간사한; 날쌘, 붙잡기 어려운; 수단이 좋은 1. having, displaying, or suggestive of deceitful character;
evasive or untrustworthy 2. distinguished by frequent changes in direction 3. able to accomplish what is needed; resourceful * shiftiness
shifty : straightforwardness :: shiftiness ↔ probity
shipshape [∫íp∫eip] a. 정연한, 말쑥한, 다듬은 : marked by meticulous order and neatness; tidy
shipshape : disarray :: squalid : cleanliness disarray 무질서, 혼란
shirk [ʃəːrk] v. 회피하다 n. 일을 기피하는 사람, 게으름쟁이
(=shirker) (명사는 Random House Unabridged Dictionary 2006에 나와 있음)
: to avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility) duty : shirk :: question : parry :: crowd : recluse parry (공격 등을) 받아넘기다, 피하다; (질문 등을) 받아 넘기다, 발
뺌하다 parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk parsimony 지나치게 검소함 unusual or excessive frugality; extreme
economy or stinginess recluse : society :: shirked : duty hoard : miser :: malinger : shirk shirk ↔ pass through the center, face, confront, seek
shiver [∫ívə:r] v. 떨다; 흔들리다 1. to shake with or as if with cold; tremble 2. to quiver or vibrate, as by the force of the wind
shiver ↔ calm
shoal [ʃoul] n. 얕은 곳; 모래톱, 사주; (물고기 등의) 떼, 다수 1. a shallow place in a body of water 2. a sandy elevation of the bottom of a body of water,
constituting a hazard to navigation; a sandbank or sandbar
3. a large group; a crowd 4. a large school of fish or other marine animals
shoal ↔ deep shoal ↔ suspicion suspicion 의심, 의혹; 알아채기, 막연한 느낌; 아주 조금, 기미
shopworn [ʃɑpwɔ ːrn] a. 오랫동안 진열되어 찌든; 진부한, 하찮은 1. tarnished, frayed, faded, or otherwise defective from being
on display in a store 2. worn-out, as from overuse; trite
fray 문지르다, 닳게 하다; (신경을) 소모하다 shopworn ↔ new
shore [ʃɔːr] n. 해안가 ; v. 버티다 : the land bordering a usually large body of water;
specifically : COAST : to give support to : BRACE - usually used with up
shred [ʃred] n. 조각, 단편; 아주 조금 1. a long, irregular strip cut or torn off 2. a small amount; a particle
shred : remnant :: remnant 나머지; 파편, 자투리
shrewd [ʃruːd] a. 약삭빠른, 명민한 1. characterized by keen awareness, sharp intelligence, and
often a sense of the practical 2. disposed to artful and cunning practices; tricky 3. sharp; penetrating * shrewdness
shrewd : naïf, naive :: (OPPOSITE) naïf = naïve shrewdness ↔ obtuseness shrewd ↔ foolish, naive, naif, myopic, lack of discern mgyopia 근시; 통찰력 결여, 근시안적임
shrine [∫rain] n. 성골함; 예배당, 교회, 신전 1. a container or receptacle for sacred relics; a reliquary 2. a. the tomb of a venerated person, such as a saint b. a place at which devotion is paid to a venerated person 3. a site hallowed by a venerated object or its associations
shrine : pilgrim :: peak : climber pilgrim (성지) 순례자; 나그네, 방랑자
shrink [ʃriŋk] v. 움츠리다, 오그라들다; 감소하다; 주저하다 1. to become constricted from heat, moisture, or cold 2. to become reduced in amount or value; dwindle 3. to draw back instinctively, as from something alarming;
recoil 4. to show reluctance; hesitate
shrivel [∫rívəl] v. 주름지다, 주어들다, 시들다
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1. to become or make shrunken and wrinkled, often by drying
2. to lose or cause to lose vitality or intensity 3. to become or make much less or smaller
shroud [ʃraud] n. 수의, 가리개, 덮개 v. (물건을) 덮다, 덮어 가리다, 싸서 가리다, 얼버무리다
n. 1. a cloth used to wrap a body for burial; a winding sheet 2. something that conceals, protects, or screens v. 1. to wrap (a corpse) in burial clothing 수의를 입히다 2. to shut off from sight; screen 가리다, 숨기다
debunk ↔ shroud
shrug [ʃrʌg] v 어깨를 으쓱하다 to raise (the shoulders), especially as a gesture of doubt,
disdain, or indifference embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference :: blush : embarrassment :: node : agreement
shrug : indifference :: bow : respect
shuffle [∫ʌ fl] v. 발을 질질 끌다, 지척거리다; 뒤섞다 1. to slide (the feet) along the floor or ground while
walking 2. to move (something) from one lace to another; transfer
or shift 3. to put aside or under cover quickly; shunt 4. to mix together; jumble
shun [ʃʌn] v. 회피하다 : to avoid deliberately; keep away from
frequent, haunt ↔ shun haunt [hɔ:nt] 자주 들르다; (마음에) 끊임없이 떠오르다
shun ↔ frequent, haunt, seek actively
shunt [ʃʌnt] v. 비키게 하다, (기차가) 다른 선로로 바꾸다 n. 선로 변환 장치 a. 분로의
1. to turn or move aside or onto another course 2. to evade by putting aside or ignoring 3. to switch (a train or car) from one track to another
divert : shunt :: retard : brake
shuttle [ʃʌ tl] n. 정기 왕복편 v. to go, move, or travel back and forth by or as if by a shuttle
sibilant [síbələnt] a. 쉬 소리 나는; 치찰음의 : HISSING : of, characterized by, or producing a hissing sound
hiss : sibilant :: drone : monotonous drone 단조로운 소리를 내다, 윙윙거리다; 단조롭게 이야기하다
sidereal [saidí-əriəl] a. 별의, 항성의 : ASTRAL 1. of, relating to, or concerned with the stars or
constellations; stellar 2. measured or determined by means of the apparent daily
motion of the stars arboreal : trees :: sidereal : stars star : sidereal :: emotion : affective affective 감정의 concerned with or arousing feelings or emotions;
emotional fluvial : river :: sidereal : star : terrestrial : earth fluvial 강의, 하천의; 하류(河流) 작용으로 생긴
sidestep [sɑ idstep] v. 비켜나다; 회피하다 1. to step aside 2. to dodge an issue or a responsibility
sidestep ↔ confront directly
sieve [siv] n. 체 sieve : devide :: staple : collate
sigh [sai] v. 그리워 하다/슬퍼하다
: GRIEVE, YEARN
signal [sígn-əl] a. 신호의; 현저한, 두드러진 : notably out of the ordinary
signal ↔ unremarkable
simper [símpəːr] v. 선웃음을 웃다 : to smile in a silly, self-conscious, often coy manner
simper : smile :: babble : talk
simpleton [símp-əlt-ən] n. 바보 : a person who is felt to be deficient in judgment, good sense,
or intelligence; a fool prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton :: constancy : turncoat sagacity the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment, and
farsighted; wisdom turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : prudent simpleton ↔ sagacity
simplicity [simplísəti] n. 간단, 단순; 성실, 꾸밈없음, 검소;우직함 1. the property, condition, or quality of being simple or
uncombined 2. absence of luxury or showiness; plainness 3. absence of affectation or pretense 4. a. lack of sophistication or subtlety b. lack of good sense or intelligence; foolishness 5. a. clarity of expression b. austerity in embellishment
scurvy ↔ simplicity scurvy 천한, 한심한, 치사한 mean; contemptible
simulate [símjəlèit] v.t. 흉내내다, 가장하다 : IMITATE 1. a. to have or take on the appearance, form, or sound of;
imitate b. to make in imitation of or as a substitute for 2. to make a pretense of; feign 3. to create a representation or model of (a physical system
or particular situation, for example) simulation ↔ authentic article attest ↔ simulate
sin [sin] n. 죄 peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B) castigate 응징하다, 혹평하다 to inflict severe punishment on; to
criticize severely
sincere [sinsíəːr] a. 성실한 : PURE 1. not feigned or affected; genuine 2. being without hypocrisy or pretense; true
authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness poseur [pouzə:r] 젠체하는 사람
poseur ↔ sincere person badinage ↔ sincere conversation badinage 가벼운 농담, 놀림
sinecure [sáinikjùəːr, síni-] n. 한직, 명예직 : a position or office that requires little or no work but
provides a salary sinecure ↔ arduous employment arduous 힘든, 벅찬; 끈기 있는, 꾸준한
sinew [sínjuː] n. 체력, 정력; 힘의 원천 : POWER 1. a tendon 2. vigorous strength; muscular power 3. the source or mainstay of vitality and strength * sinewy a.
tendon 힘줄 a band of tough, inelastic fibrous tissue that connects a muscle with its
bony attachment
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tendinous : sinewy :: tendinous 힘줄로 된; 힘이 센 = sinewy [sínju:i]
sinew ↔ weakness, frailty sinewy ↔ flaccid
singe [sindʒ] v.t. 태워 그을리다; 털을 그을리다; 보풀을 태우다; (명성 따위를) 손상하다
1. to burn superficially; scorch 2. to burn off the feathers or bristles of (a carcass of a bird
or an animal) by subjecting briefly to flame 3. to burn the ends of (hair, for example) 4. to burn the nap from (cloth) in manufacturing
carcass (짐승의) 시체; 송장; (건물 등의) 뼈 singe : incinerate :: erode : destruction (A << B) incinerate 태워서 재로 만들다, 소각하다
singular [síŋgjələːr] a. 남다른, 뛰어난; 유례없는, 유일한 : UNUSUAL
1. being only one; individual 2. being the only one of a kind; unique 3. being beyond what is ordinary or usual; remarkable 4. deviating from the usual or expected; odd
worldly ↔ singular
sinister [sínistəːr] a. 불길한, 불운한; 악의 있는, 못된 1. suggesting or threatening evil 2. presaging trouble; ominous 3. attended by or causing disaster or inauspicious
circumstances 4. on the left side; left
sinister : welcome :: (OPPOSITE)
sinuous [sínjuəs] a. 꾸불꾸불한; 에두르는, 간접적
인:WINDING 1. characterized by many curves or turns; winding 2. characterized by supple and lithe movements 3. not direct; devious 4. sinuate *sinuate [sínjuit, -e it] v. 구불구불 구부러지다 : to bend or curve; wind in and out
sinuous ↔ direct
sip [sip] vi. 한 모금씩 마시다 : to drink in small quantities
sip : drink :: mince : walk mince 잔걸음을 걷다, 뽐내며 걷다; 뽐내며 말하다
swill, quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble :: quaff : sip :: stride : mince quaff 벌컥벌컥 마시다, 단숨에 들이켜다 swill 벌컥벌컥 마시다 to drink greedily or grossly gobble 게걸스럽게 먹다, 먹어 치우다 stride 성큼성큼 걷다 to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or
vigorous way ruthless : mercy :: insipid : flavor swill ↔ sip
siren [sái-ərən] n. ([뱃사람을 유혹하는) 요정; 요부, 매혹적인 미녀; 사이렌, 경적
siren : unresisting :: juggernaut : unstoppable siren : heard :: beacon : seen siren : sound :: beacon : light beacon 신호 등불; 등
skeleton [skélitən] n. 해골, 골격; 뼈 ; 개요, 골자 skeleton : animal :: framing : building rib : skeleton :: knuckle : finger :: lobe : ear
skeptic [sképtik] a. 의심 많은 n. 회의론자 : one who instinctively or habitually doubts, questions, or
disagrees with assertions or generally accepted conclusions
penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE) penitent 참회하는, 뉘우치는 feeling or expressing remorse for one's
misdeeds or sins skeptic ↔ votary, credence, optimist, believer votary 신앙자, 신봉자; 열렬한 추구자 credence 신용, 신임, 신용
skeptical ↔ credulous skepticism ↔ credulity, conviction
sketchy [skétʃi] a. 피상적인, 개략적인; 불완전한, 미완성의; 수롭지 않은 : SLIGHT, SUPERFICIAL
1. resembling a sketch; giving only major points or parts 2. a. lacking in substance or completeness; incomplete b. slight; superficial * sketch 스케치
fawn : imperious :: elaborate : sketchy (B에는 A가 없는) sketch ↔ describe at length
skew [skju:] a. 비스듬한(oblique), 경사진(slanting); 비 칭의
(asymmetric) 1. placed or turned to one side; asymmetrical 2. distorted or biased in meaning or effect 3. having a part that diverges, as in gearing
skew ↔ aligned, straight, untwisting
skimp [skimp] v. 인색하게 굴다 1. to deal with hastily, carelessly, or with poor material 2. to give inadequate funds to; be stingy with
parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk skimpy ↔ liberal, profuse
skirmish [skə :rmi∫] n. 작은 접전; 작은 충돌 1. a minor battle in war, as one between small forces or
between large forces avoiding direct conflict 2. a minor or preliminary conflict or dispute
skirmish : insignificance :: duel : formality duel (공식적인) 결투, 투쟁, 겨루기
skirt [skəːrt] v.t. 가장자리를 지나다; 회피하다; 모면하다 1. to lie along or form the edge of; border 2. to pass around rather than across or through 3. to pass close to; miss narrowly 4. to evade, as by circumlocution
circumlocution 에두르기, 완곡한 표현; 얼버무림 skirt ↔ seek, face, meet squarely skirt ↔ pass the center directly, pass through the center of
skit [skit] n. 소희극, 희문 1. a short, usually comic dramatic performance or work; a
theatrical sketch 2. a short humorous or satirical piece of writing
skit : revue :: revue 시사 풍자극
vignette : scene :: skit : drama vignette [vinjét] (책의 속표지 등의) 장식 무늬; 작은 장면
skit : play :: anecdote : narrative anecdote : story :: skit : play
skittish [skítiʃ] a. 쾌활한, 활발한; 변덕스러운, 수줍어하는, 겁내는 1. moving quickly and lightly; lively 2. restlessly active or nervous; restive 3. undependably variable; mercurial or fickle 4. shy; bashful
skulk [sk lk] v. (무서워서) 살금살금 숨다, 잠행하다 n. 살금살금 숨는 사람, 꾀부리는 사람
skulk ↔ proceed openly (react, move rashly는 오답)
slacken [slækn] v. 활발하지 않게 하다, 굼뜨게 하다 1. to make or become slower; slow down
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2. to make or become less tense, taut, or firm; loosen 3. to make or become less vigorous, intense, or severe;
ease slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength slacken : tension :: blunt : sharpness
slab [slæb] n. 넓은 합판; (음식 등의) 두껍게 썬 조각 1. a broad, flat, thick piece, as of cake, stone, or cheese 2. an outside piece cut from a log when squaring it for
lumber slab ↔ sliver sliver 가늘고 긴 조각
slack [slæk] a. 느슨한, 연약한; 부주의한(careless), 태만한
(indolent); 꾸물거리는, 완만한(sluggish); 불경기의
(dull) 1. moving slowly; sluggish 2. lacking in activity; not busy 3. not tense or taut; loose 4. lacking firmness; flaccid 5. lacking in diligence or due care or concern; negligent 6. flowing or blowing with little speed
slack ↔ taut slacken ↔ tauten
slake [sleik] v.t. (허기, 갈증 등을) 채우다, 만족시키다 : SATISFY, QUENCH
1. to satisfy (a craving); quench 2. to lessen the force or activity of; moderate 3. to cool or refresh by wetting or moistening
slake : insatiable :: avoid : inevitable slake : thirst :: gratify : desire :: satiate : hunger gratify 만족시키다, 기쁘게 하다 to please or satisfy; to give what is
desired to
slant [slænt] v. ∼한 경향이 있다, ∼로 기울다 1. to give a direction other than perpendicular or horizontal
to; cause to slope 2. to present so as to conform to a particular bias or appeal
to a certain audience slant ↔ assert without bias
slapdash [slæpdæ ʃ] a. 겉날리는 : HAPHAZARD, SLIPSHOD : hasty and careless, as in execution
slate [sleit] n. 슬레이트, 석판; 후보자 명단 1. a fine-grained metamorphic rock that splits into thin,
smooth-surfaced layers 2. a. a piece of this rock cut for use as roofing or surfacing
material or as a writing surface b. a writing tablet made of a similar material 3. a record of past performance or activity 4. a list of the candidates of a political party running for
various offices roster : personnel :: slate : candidate roster 근무 당번표; 명단
sleazy [slí:zi] a. 천박한, 가짜의, 하찮은 sleazy ↔ chaste
sleek [sli:k] a. 매끄러운, 윤기 있는; 단정한, 맵시가 있는; 말주변이 좋은, 번드르르한
1. smooth and lustrous as if polished; glossy 2. well-groomed and neatly tailored 3. healthy or well-fed; thriving 4. polished or smooth in manner, especially in an unctuous
way; slick unctuous 기름기가 도는; 매끄러운; 상냥한; (겉으로만) 열심인 체
하는
sleet [sli:t] n. 싸라기눈, 진눈깨비 v. 진눈깨비가 내리다 soil : mud :: snow : sleet (B는 A에 물이 들어간 상태)
slew [sluː] n. 다량 : a large amount or number; a lot
slew ↔ limited quantity, paucity
slick [slik] a. 윤기 나는, 미끄러운; 교묘한, 재치 있는 1. smooth, glossy, and slippery 2. deftly executed; adroit 3. shrewd; wily 4. superficially attractive or plausible but lacking depth or
soundness; glib viscid ↔ slick viscid 점착성의, 찐득찐득한
slight [slait] a. 약간의, 얼마 안 되는; 사소한; 천한;약한, 섬세한 v. 얕보다, 냉 하다, 소홀히 하다
1. to treat as of small importance; make light of 2. to treat with discourteous reserve or inattention 3. to do negligently or thoughtlessly; scant
celebration : lament :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE) slight ↔ ponderous, grievous, prodigious, massive, unwieldy prodigious 거 한, 막 한; 놀라운, 비정상의 unwieldy (크기, 무게 때문에) 다루기 어려운; 거추장스러운
(unmanageable); 볼품없는 slight ↔ show respect to, cosset, lionize, compliment, respect, pay attention to cosset 귀여워하다, 응석받이로 기르다 to pamper
sling [sliŋ] n. 삼각건; 밧줄; 멜빵 splint : immobilize :: sling : support
slink [sliŋk] v. 살금살금/몰래 움직이다 : to move in a quiet, furtive manner; sneak
slink ↔ strut, walk openly strut; to walk wit pompous bearing; swagger
slippery [slípəri] a. 미끄러운; 속임수의, 교활한 1. causing or tending to cause sliding or slipping 2. tending to slip, as from one's grasp 3. not trustworthy; elusive or tricky
dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere dingy 더러운, 윤기 없는 glisten 반짝이다 to shine by reflection with a sparkling luster
splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery slippery : elude :: alluring : entice (형 : 동)
slipshod [slipʃɑ d] a. 칠칠치 못한, 되는 로의 : SLOPPY, SLOVENLY
1. marked by carelessness; sloppy or slovenly 2. slovenly in appearance; shabby or seedy
slipshod ↔ assiduous, fastidious, painstaking, neat assiduous 꾸준한, 끈기 있는; 근면한 fastidious 세심한 주의가 필요한, 까다로운
slog [slɑg|sl g] v. 강타하다, 때려 몰아 다; 무거운 발걸음으로 걷다; ~을 공들여서 하다 n. 꾸준하게 하는 일, 난항, 고투
slog ↔ gambol (200509) gambol 뛰어다니다, 까불다, 장난치다
slogan [slóugən] n. 슬로건 1. a phrase expressing the aims or nature of an enterprise, an
organization, or a candidate; a motto 2. a phrase used repeatedly, as in advertising or promotion
sloppy [slɑ pi / slɔ pi] a. 부주의한, 되는 로의 : SLIPSHOD 1. marked by a lack of neatness or order; untidy 2. marked by a lack of care or precision; slipshod
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sloppy ↔ natty
sloth [slouθ, slɔːθ] n. 태만, 게으름 : aversion to work or exertion; laziness; indolence
indolence 나태, 게으름 habitual laziness; sloth slothful :: assiduity :: rakish : restraint sloth ↔ industry slothful ↔ assiduous assiduous a. 꾸준한, 근면한, 부지런한
slouch [slautʃ] v. 몸을 구부리다; (모자의 차양이) 앞으로 처지다 1. to sit, stand, or walk with an awkward, drooping,
excessively relaxed posture 2. to droop or hang carelessly, as a hat
slouch ↔ stand erect
slovenly [slʌ vənli] a.추접스러운, 단정치 못한;되는 로의, 날림의 1. untidy, as in dress or appearance 2. marked by negligence; slipshod
* sloven [slʌ v-ən] n. 단정치 못한 사람 : one who is habitually careless in personal appearance or
work slovenliness : finical, finicky :: laxity : draconian indulgent : adherent :: slovenly : dapper (B인 사람은 A하지 않는다) indulge To engage or take part, especially freely or avidly indulgent 관 한, 너그럽게 봐 주는 adhere (주의,신념,약속,의견에) 추종하다, 고집하다, 집착하다
slovenly ↔ tidy, natty, dapper
sluggard [slʌ gə:rd] n. 게으름쟁이, 건달 : a slothful person; an idler
rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy
sluggish [slʌ giʃ] a. 게으른, 나태한; 둔한; 완만한, 느린 1. displaying little movement or activity; slow; inactive 2. lacking alertness, vigor, or energy; inert or indolent 3. slow to perform or respond to stimulation
sluggish : torpor :: aloof : reserve alacritous ↔ sluggish sluggish ↔ active, brisk, sharp, diligent, prompt
slumber [slʌ mbəːr] v. 잠시 졸다; 휴면 상태에 있다 1. to sleep 2. to be dormant or quiescent
quiescent 활발하지 않은; 정지 상태인 being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive
slumber ↔ awake
slump [sl mp] v. 쿵 떨어지다, 쇠퇴하다, 폭락하다 n. 폭락, 감퇴,
쇠퇴, 불경기, 부진 slump ↔ recover
sluice [slu:s] n. (수문이 있는) 둑, 제수, 수로 v. 수문을 열어 흘려
보내다, 방수하다 n. an artificial channel for conducting water, with a valve or
gate to regulate the flow; A sluiceway. A long inclined trough, as for carrying logs or separating gold ore
v. to flood or drench with or as if with a flow of released water; to wash with water flowing in a sluice: sluicing sediment for gold; to draw off or let out by a sluice: sluice floodwater
sluice : water :: vent : air
slur [sləːr] v. 얕보다, 경시하다; 분명치 않게 발음하다; 헐뜯다, 중상하다
1. to pronounce indistinctly 2. to speak slightingly of; disparage 3. to pass over lightly or carelessly; treat without due
consideration
slur : speech :: smudge : writing smudge 더럽히다, 얼룩을 만들다; 연기를 피우다
slur ↔ pronounce clearly, enunciate, praise, absolve, flatter
sly [slai] a. 교활한; 은 한, 음흉한 : DISSEMBLING 1. adept in craft or cunning 2. lacking or marked by a lack of candor 3. playfully mischievous; roguish
sly ↔ artless, ingenuous, candid, unassuming, uncalculating, naïve, guileless (shiftless는 오답)
smarmy [smɑ ːrmi] a. 음흉한; 아첨하는 1. hypocritically, complacently, or effusively earnest;
unctuous 2. sleek
smarmy ↔ earnest
smart [smɑːrt] vi. 쑤시고 아프다, 욱신거리다; 기분을 상하다; 상심하다; 후회하다
동사 1. a. to cause a sharp, usually superficial, stinging pain
b. to be the location of such a pain c. to feel such a pain
2. to suffer acutely, as from mental distress, wounded feelings, or remorse
3. to suffer or pay a heavy penalty 형용사 1. a. characterized by sharp, quick thought; bright
b. amusingly clever; witty c. impertinent; insolent
2. energetic or quick in movement 3. canny and shrewd in dealings with others 4. fashionable; elegant
smart : pain :: grieve : sorrow smart ↔ soothe smart ↔ tatty, dumb, dowdy tatty 천박한, 촌스러운, 초라한 somewhat worn, shabby, or
dilapidated dilapidate 황폐시키다, 망가뜨리다 to bring or fall into a state of
partial ruin, decay, or disrepair dowdy 옷차림이 단정치 못한, 초라한(shabby)
smattering [smǽtəriŋ] n. 겉핥기; 소량 1. superficial or piecemeal knowledge 2. a small, scattered amount or number
stare : leer :: peruse : smatter leer 곁눈질하다, 흘겨보다 to look with a sidelong glance peruse [pərú:z] 통독/정독하다, 음미하다 to read or examine, typically
with great care erudite ↔ smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered
smirk [sməːrk] v. 싱글싱글 웃다, (고자세로) 선웃음을 웃다 n. 뽐내는(아니꼬운) 웃음 : to smile in an affected, often offensively self-satisfied
manner smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision smug 잘난 체하는, 독선적인; 깔끔한, 말쑥한
smoke [smouk] n. 연기 smoke : pollutant :: backache : pain
smolder [smóuldər] v. (장작 등이) 연기가 나다 (감정이) 속에서 맺히
다, 내향하다, n. 불을 냄
smother [smʌ ðəːr] v.t. 덮다, 싸다; 숨 막히게 하다; 감추다, 은폐하다 1. a. to suffocate (another) b. to deprive (a fire) of the oxygen necessary for combustion 2. to conceal, suppress, or hide 3. to cover (a foodstuff) thickly with another foodstuff
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4. to lavish a surfeit of a given emotion on (someone) smother : choke :: (EQUAL)
smudge [sm dʒ] v. 더럽히다, 얼룩을 만들다; 연기를 피우다 1. to make dirty, especially in one small area 2. to smear or blur (something) 3. to fill (an orchard or another planted area) with dense
smoke from a smudge pot in order to prevent damage from insects or frost
slur : speech :: smudge : writing
smug [smʌg] a. 잘난 체하는, 독선적인; 깔끔한, 말쑥한 : exhibiting or feeling great or offensive satisfaction with
oneself or with one's situation; self-righteously complacent
smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision primp : vain :: gloat : smug primp 단정하게 하다 to dress or groom (oneself) with meticulous or
excessive attention to detail gloat 만족스럽게 바라보다 to feel or express great, often malicious,
pleasure or self-satisfaction smug ↔ tatty, untidy
smuggle [smʌ g-əl] v. 수하다 1. to import or export without paying lawful customs
charges or duties 2. to bring in or take out illicitly or by stealth
collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey collude 공모하다 conspire
smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate smuggler : tariff :: stowaway : fare tariff 관세(율, 제도) stowaway 항자
smuggle ↔ transport openly
snag [snæg] n. 돌출된 것, 그루터기; 방해, 뜻하지 않은 장애
snare [snεə:r] n. 덫; 유혹 1. a trapping device, often consisting of a noose, sued for
capturing birds and small mammals 2. something that serves to entangle the unwary
unwary 부주의한, 속기 쉬운, 경솔한 not alert to danger or deception
snarl [snɑːrl] v. 으르렁거리다; 딱딱거리다, 심하게 잔소리하다 1. to growl viciously wile baring the teeth 2. to speak angrily or threateningly
엉클어지게 하다, 혼란시키다 to become tangled or confused exoneration : blame :: disentangle : snarl (OPPOSITE) snarl ↔ coo coo (비둘기가) 구구 울다; 달콤한 말을 주고받다 to talk fondly or
amorously in murmurs snarl ↔ untangle, disentangle
sneak [sni:k] v. 살금살금 걷다,몰래 돌아다니다; 아첨하다, 비굴하
게 굴다 1. to go or move in a quiet, stealthy way 2. to behave in a cowardly or servile manner
sneer [sniəːr] n. 냉소, 조소, 비웃음 1. a scornful facial expression characterized by a slight
raising of one corner of the upper lip 2. a contemptuous facial expression, sound, or statement
smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision (A show B) smirk 선웃음을 웃다
wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt wince 주춤하다, 움츠러들다 to shrink or start involuntarily, as in
pain or distress; flinch pout 삐죽거리다, 뿌루퉁하다
snob [snɑb / snɔb] n. 속물 : snobbish of, befitting, or resembling a snob; pretentious
attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish (A << B)
snub [snʌb] v. 냉 하다, 핀잔을 주다; 좌절시키다; 비벼 끄다 n. 상 하지 않기, 모욕, 경시 a. 무뚝뚝한
1. to ignore or behave coldly toward; slight 2. to dismiss, turn down, or frustrate the expectations of 3. to stub out (a cigarette, for example)
dissemble : honesty :: snub : politeness dissemble 숨기다, 가장하다
ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub raffish 천한, 저속한, 싸구려의; 방탕한
snub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty court ↔ snub court 비위를 맞추다; 구애하다; 유혹/유인하다
snub ↔ polite
snug [sn g] a. 아늑한, 편안한, 깔끔한, 말쑥한, 아담한, 조촐한 v. 기분좋게 해 주다, 조촐하게 하다 adv. 편안하게
snug ↔ unkempt, slovenly, untidy, disheveled snug ↔ uncomfortable, insecure, (cramped)
soak [souk] v. 흠뻑 적시다, 담그다; 깊이 스며들다 DRENCH 1. a. to make thoroughly wet or saturated by or as if by
placing in liquid b. to immerse in liquid for a period of time 2. to absorb (liquid, for example) through or as if through
pores or interstices 3. to remove (a stain, for example) by continued immersion
soaked, drenched : wet, damp :: exuberant : happy :: frigid : cool (A >> B) exuberant 원기 왕성한, 열광적인; 풍부한 full of unrestrained
enthusiasm or joy drenched : wet :: antithetic : different (A >> B) antithetic 조를 이루는, 정반 의
castigation : reproof :: soaking : damp (A >> B)
sober [sóubəːr] a. 술 취하지 않은; 차분한, 냉정한, 절제하는 1. habitually abstemious in the use of alcoholic liquors or
drugs; temperate 2. not intoxicated or affected by the use of drugs 3. plain or subdued 4. devoid of frivolity, excess, exaggeration, or speculative
imagination; straightforward 5. marked by seriousness, gravity, or solemnity of conduct or
character 6. marked by circumspection and self-restraint
sumptuous, puckish, frivolous ↔ sober sumptuous 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운 of a size or splendor
suggesting great expense; lavish puckish 장난꾸러기의; 무채임한, 멋 로의 mischievous; impish frivolous 시시한, 하찮은; 천박한, 경망스러운
sobriety [səbráiəti] n. 진지함, 엄숙함; 금주 1. gravity in bearing, manner, or treatment 2. moderation in or abstinence from consumption of alcoholic
liquor or use of drugs sobriety ↔ sumptuousness, flippancy sumptuous 값진, 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운 flippant 경박한, 무례한 marked by disrespectful levity or casualness;
pert
sodden [sɑ dn / sɔ dn] a. 흠뻑 젖은 : thoroughly soaked; saturated
marsh : sodden :: desert : arid marsh 습지, 늪지
moist : sodden :: surprised : astonished (A << B) sodden ↔ desiccated
soggy [sɑ gi, sɔ (ː)gi] a. 흠뻑 젖은; 맥 빠진
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1. saturated or sodden with moisture; soaked 2. lacking spirit; dull
solace [sɑ ləs] n. 위로/위안(이 되는 것) : comfort in sorrow, misfortune, or distress; consolation
solace : grief :: pacification : anger
solder [sɑ dəːr / sɔ ldəːr] n. 땜납; 유 : to serve as a bond between; join
breach ↔ solder
solemn [sɑ ləm / sɔ l -] a. 엄숙한, 진지한 1. deeply earnest, serious, and sober 2. somberly or gravely impressive 3. performed with full ceremony 4. invoking the force of religion; sacred 5. gloomy; somber
jest ↔ solemnity jest 농담, 익살, 희롱, 장난
solicitous [səlísətəs] a. 염려하는; 갈망하는 : APPREHENSIVE 1. a. anxious or concerned b. expressing care or concern 2. full of desire; eager 3. marked by or given to anxious care and often hovering
attentiveness 4. extremely careful; meticulous * solicitude n. 염려, 걱정, 심려
solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch :: truculent : bellicosity (A인 사람은 B하는 성격을 지님) flinch 주춤함, 움찔함
solicitous ↔ unconcerned solicitude ↔ indifference
solidify [səlídəfai] v. 응고시키다, 단단하게 하다; 단결/결속시키다 1. to make solid, compact, or hard 2. to make strong or united
pulverize ↔ solidify
soliloquy [səlíłəkwi] n. 혼잣말; 독백(monologue) soliloquy : play :: aria : opera
solitude [sɑ litju:d|sɔ l-] n. 독거, 고독; 외딴 곳, 벽지(seclusion) 1. the state or quality of being alone or remote from others 2. a lonely or secluded place
recluse : solitude :: toady : favor toady 아첨꾼, 알랑쇠
solitude ↔ gregariousness, companionship, company
solvent [sɑ lv-ənt] a. 지불 능력 있는, 용해력이 있는; 약화시키
는, 부드럽게 해주는 a. 1. capable of meeting financial obligations 2. (chemistry) capable of dissolving another substance n. something that solves or explains
coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve (A = B하는 것, 명 : 동) solvent : dissolve :: coagulant : clot (EQUAL, 명 : 동) profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed (profligate는 solvency(지불능력)이 낮은 상태, mercurial은 commitment(전념, 몰두)가 낮은 상태 중국3 16번)
regimen : health :: budget : solvency (A is for B) regimen [rédʒəmən] 지배, 통치; 섭생, 요양법
caustic : burn :: solvent : dissolve solvent ↔ precipitant precipitant a. 곤두박질치는; 황급한, 경솔한 n. 침전제
bankruptcy ↔ solvency insolvency ↔ ability to pay one's debts
somatic [soumǽtik] a. 체강의; 신체의(corporeal); 육체의
(physical)
1. of, relating to, or affecting the body, especially as distinguished from a body part, the mind, or the environment; corporeal or physical
2. of or relating to the wall of the body cavity, especially as distinguished from the head, limbs, or viscera(내장)
3. of or relating to a somatic cell or the somatoplasm(체세포 원형질)
somatic ↔ nonphysical
somber [sɑ mbəːr / sɔ m-] a. 어두컴컴한, 음산한; 우울한, 진지
한 : MELANCHOLY, GRAVE 1. a. dark; gloomy b. dull or dark in color 2. a. melancholy; dismal b. serious; grave
somber ↔ cherubic, droll
somnolence [sɑ mnələnt] n. 졸림 : SLEEPINESS : a state of drowsiness; sleepiness
soporific 졸리게 하는, 졸린 듯한 inducing or tending to induce sleep; drowsy
* somnolent [sɑ mnələnt|sɔ m-] a. 졸리는; 졸리게 하는 1. drowsy; sleepy 2. inducing or tending to induce sleep; soporific
ennui : enthusiastic :: somnolence : alert (LACK) insomnia : sleep :: dyslexia : read dyslexia 독서 장애, 실독증(word blindness)
sonata [sənɑ ːtə] n. 소나타 dessert : meal :: epilogue : play :: coda : sonata
sonnet [sɑ nət / sɔ n-] n. 소네트, 14행시 sonnet : poet :: symphony : composer (B는 A 짓는 사람) sonnet : poem :: denim : fabric (A ∈ B) denim 두꺼운 면포
biography : nonfiction :: sonnet : poem sonnet : versemonger :: painting : daubster versemonger 풋내기 시인 daubster 서투른 화가
soothe [suːð] v.t. 진정시키다: PLACATE,RELIEVE,ALLEVIATE 1. to calm or placate 2. to ease or relieve (pain, for example) * soothing a.
soothing ↔ grating nettle, vex, rankle, smart ↔ pacify, appease, soothe rankle 마음을 괴롭히다; (상처 등이) 욱신거리다 smart 감정을 해치다, 기분을 상하(게 하)다
sop [sɑp / sɔp] v. 흠뻑 젖다 n. 회유책, 뇌물 v. 1. to dip, soak, or drench in a liquid; saturate 2. to take up by absorption n. 1. a piece of food soaked or dipped in a liquid 2. a. something yielded to placate or soothe b. a bribe
sop : dampen :: frigid : cool sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive :: snub : disdainful subsidy [sʌbsidi] 보조금, 기부금
sopping : dampen :: frigid : cool (A >> B)
sophism [sɑ fiz-əm / sɔ f-] n. 궤변 1. a plausible but fallacious argument 2. deceptive or fallacious argumentation
sophism : reasoning :: counterfeit : money :: quack : practitioner alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive (A는 B하기 위한 것)
sophistication [səfìstəkéiʃ-ən] n. 세상 물정에 익숙함 : CULTIVATION, URBANITY
ingenue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness (LACK) ingenue [ǽnʒənù:] 순정 소녀 an artless, innocent girl or young
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woman sophisticated : uncouth :: (OPPOSITE) callow ↔ behaving with adult sophistication callow 미숙한, 경험 없는 lacking adult maturity or experience;
immature politic ↔ unsophisticated bucolic ↔ sophisticated
sophomoric [sɑ fəmɔ ːrik / sɔ f-] a. 2학년의; 아는체하는, 건방진 1. of or characteristic of a sophomore 2. exhibiting great immaturity and lack of judgment
sophomoric ↔ mature, experienced
soporific [sɑ pərífik] n. 최면제 a. 최면성의 : inducing or tending to induce sleep; drowsy
soporific : sleep :: vaccination : immunity :: inoculation : immunity inoculate 예방 접종하다; (사상을) 심다, 고취하다
soporific : sleeping :: vaccination: immune soporific : alertness :: analgesic : pain soporific ↔ stimulant, provocative, invigorating, exhilarating, bracing, energetic, vital
sordid [sɔ ːrdid] a. 더러운, 지저분한; 야비한 : VILE 1. filthy or dirty; foul 2. depressingly squalid; wretched 3. morally degraded 4. exceedingly mercenary; grasping
sordid ↔ honorable, noble, wholesome
sound [saund] a. 안정된, 정당한 ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity ramshackle 금세라도 무너질 듯한; 약한 garble 왜곡하다; 혼동하다, 착각하다
tenable ↔ unjustified, unsound decrepit ↔ sound
sparse [spɑːrs] a. 희박한 : occurring, growing, or settled at widely spaced intervals;
not thick or dense sparse ↔ rife, copious rife 많은, 유행하는; 가득한
Spartan [spɑ ːrt-ən] a. 스파르타식의; 엄격하고 간소한 1. of or relating to Sparta or its people 2. a. rigorously self-disciplined or self-restrained
b. simple, frugal, or austere c. marked by brevity of speech; laconic d. courageous in the face of pain, danger, or adversity
spartan ↔ sybaritic, indulgent, luxurious, luxuriant, sumptuous, voluptuous, opulent, forgiving, profligate sumptuous 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운 of a size or splendor
suggesting great expense; lavish voluptuous 사치스러운, 향락적인; 호색인, 음탕한 forgiving 관 한, 관용을 나타내는
spasmodic [spæzmɑ dik|-mɔ d-] adj. 경련성의, 돌발적인 spasmodic : persistent ::
spat [spæt] n. 승강이(petty quarrel)
spate [speit] n. 량; 홍수, 범람 : a sudden flood, rush, or outpouring
spate ↔ dearth, trickling flow, lack, abatement
spatula [spǽt∫ələ|-tju-] n 주걱, 그림물감 펴는 주걱, 프라이팬 뒤집
개 scoop : concave :: spatula : flat (CHARACTER)
specialist [spéʃəlist] n. 전문가
dabbler ↔ specialist
specific [spisífik] a. 명백한, 명확한; 특정의(particular); 고유한, 독특한
generic ↔ specific
specimen [spésəmin] n. 견본, 표본; 시료 1. an individual, an item, or a part representative of a class,
genus, or whole 2. a sample, as of tissue, blood, or urine(소변), used for
analysis and diagnosis specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse dissect 해부하다; 분석하다, 자세히 조사하다
specious [spíːʃəs] a. 겉만 번지르르한, 그럴듯한 : SOPHISTIC, PLAUSIBLE
1. having the ring of truth or plausibility but actually fallacious
2. deceptively attractive exemplary : imitation :: specious : doubt specious : genuineness :: illusory : reality specious ↔ valid, veritable veritable 참다운, 진실한 being truly so called; real or genuine
speck [spek] n. 미세한 것, 작은 얼룩 : BIT 1. a small spot, mark, or discoloration 2. a tiny amount; a bit
mite : creature :: speck : amount mite 소량; 아주 작은 것, 아주 작은 동물(벌레)
spectator [spékteitəːr, ---] n. 구경꾼 : an observer of an event
epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching
spectrum 스펙트럼; 연속체, 분포 범위(scope) hue, color : spectrum :: tone : scale
speculate [spékjəlèit] vi. 심사숙고하다; 추측하다 : REFLECT 1. to meditate on a subject; reflect 2. to engage in a course of reasoning often based on
inconclusive evidence 3. to engage in the buying or selling of a commodity with an
element of risk on the chance of profit * speculative adj. 사색적인, 순리적인, 이론적인, 사변적인
conjecture ↔ restrain from the speculation speculative ↔ already proven
spendthrift [spéndθrìft] n. 방탕아 : one who spends money recklessly or wastefully
craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift craven 겁 많은, 심약한 characterized by abject fear; cowardly
miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal spendthrift ↔ miser
spent [spent] a. 다 써버린, 지쳐버린 : EXHAUSTED : used up; consumed
precarious : stability :: spent : efficacy (A lack B) spent : efficacy :: dated : currency :: passé : popularity precarious 불안정한, 미덥지 않은; 위험한 efficacy 유효성, 효험 power or capacity to produce a desired effect;
effectiveness passé 시대에 뒤진, 구식인, 왕년의 spent ↔ efficacious efficacious 효과가 있는 producing or capable of producing a desired
effect
spindly [spíndli] a. 허약한, 가냘픈 : slender and elongated, especially in a way that suggests
weakness
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limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty limber 나긋나긋한, 유연한; 경쾌한 supple 나긋나긋한, 유연한; 순응성이 있는
spineless [spɑ inlis] a. 결단/줏 가 없는; (식물) 바늘/가시가 없는, (동물) 무척추동물의 1. lacking courage or willpower 2. (biology) a. having no spiny processes b. lacking a spinal
column; invertebrate plucky ↔ spineless
spiny [spáini] a. 가시가 있는; 곤란한, 가시밭길의 : THORNY; DIFFICULT, TROUBLESOME
1. bearing or covered with spines, thorns, or similar stiff projections
2. shaped ike a spine 3. difficult; troublesome
spiny ↔ smooth
spire [spaiəːr] n. 첨탑, 뾰족탑 1. a top part or point that tapers upward; a pinnacle 2. a structure or formation, such as a steeple, that tapers to
a point at the top 3. a slender, tapering part, such as a newly sprouting blade
of grass taper 끝이 점점 가늘어지다/뾰족해지다
spire : church :: minaret : mosque minaret [mìnəre t] (회교 사원의) 뾰족탑
spiritual [spírit∫uəl|-tju-] adj. 정신의, 정신적인, 숭고한 1. of, relating to, consisting of, or having the nature of
spirit; not tangible or material 2. of, concerned with, or affecting the soul 3. of, from, or relating to God; deific 4. of or belonging to a church or religion; sacred 5. relating to or having the nature of spirits or a spirit;
supernatural deific 신격화하는; 거룩한
spiritual ↔ corporeal
spleen [spliːn] n. 비장, 지라; 울분, 비장 : ill temper
spleen ↔ good-will
splendor [spléndər] n. 화려, 멋짐; 현저, 탁월; 빛남, 광채 1. great light or luster; brilliance 2. a. magnificent appearance or display; grandeur
b. something grand or magnificent 3. great fame; glory
squalor ↔ splendor squalor 더러움, 누추함, 지저분함, 천함, 비열함
splint [splint] n. 부목 v. to support or restrict or as if with a splint
splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery :: lubricant : friction
splint : immobilize :: duct : convey buttress : edifice :: splint : limb edifice (큰) 건물, 건축물; 체계, 조직
crumb : bread :: splint : wood
splinter [splíntə:r] n. 파편, 조각 : a sharp, slender piece, as of wood, bone, glass, or metal,
split or broken off from a main body crumb : bread :: splinter : wood
splurge [splə:rdʒ] v. 돈을 물쓰듯 하다, 과시하다 n. 과시, 크게 자랑하기
1. to indulge in an extravagant expense or luxury; To be showy or ostentatious.
2. v. to spend extravagantly or wastefully. 3. n. an extravagant display; an expensive indulgence; a
spree splurge : spend ::
spoil [spɔil] v.t. 망치다; 응석을 받아주다, 버릇없이 만들다 : CODDLE
1. a. to impair the value or quality of b. to damage irreparably; ruin
2. to impair the completeness, perfection, or unity of; flaw grievously
3. to do harm to the character, nature, or attitude of by oversolicitude, overindulgence, or excessive praise
cosseted ↔ unspoiled cosset 귀여워하다, 응석받이로 기르다 to pamper
spoke [spouk] n. 바퀴살 spoke : hub :: radius : center
spontaneous [spɑntéiniəs] a. 자연발생적인; 야생의, 천연의 : NATURAL
1. happening or arising without apparent external cause; self-generated
2. arising from a natural inclination or impulse and not from external incitement or constraint
3. unconstrained and unstudied in manner or behavior 4. growing without cultivation or human labor; indigenous
juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization : spontaneous gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning gauche 무뚝뚝한, 투박스러운; 서투른, 미숙한 lacking social polish;
tactless spontaneous : planning :: (A에는 B가 없는) spontaneous ↔ premeditated
spoof [spuːf] n. 희문, 조롱 1. nonsense; tomfoolery 2. a hoax 3. a gentle satirical imitation; a light parody
nicety : distinction :: spoof : parody ode : poetry :: spoof : parody
sporadic [spərǽdik] a. 간헐적인, 산발적인 1. occurring at irregular intervals; having no pattern or order
in time 2. appearing singly or at widely scattered localities, as a
plant or disease 3. isolated; unique
sporadic ↔ regular, steady, chronic, frequent chronic 상습적인, 만성인
sprain [sprein] n. (손목, 발목 등을) 삐기, 염좌 1. a painful wrenching or laceration of the ligaments of a
joint 2. the condition resulting from s sprain
lacerate 찢다, 째다; (마음 등을) 상하게 하다, 괴롭히다 1. to rip, cut, or tear 2. to cause deep emotional pain to; distress ligament [lígəmənt] 줄, 끈; 인
sprain : injury :: cold : contagion :: influenza : disease (A ∈ B)
sprightly [spráitli] a. 쾌활한 : SPIRITED : full of spirit and vitality; lively; brisk
dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly dodder 몸을 떨다; 비틀비틀 걷다 cavort [kəvɔ :rt] 신이 나서 떠들며 다니다, 흥청거리다
hangdog ↔ sprightly
spry [sprai] a. 활기찬, 기운찬 : lively, active, and brisk; vigorous
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spry ↔ devastated devastate 황폐화시키다; 무찌르다, 압도하다
spunk [spʌŋk] n. 원기 spunk ↔ timidity
spur [spəːr] v.t. 박차를 가하다, 자극하다, 다그치다 : STIMULATE
1. to urge (a horse) on by the use of spurs 2. to incite or stimulate
deter ↔ spur
spurious [spjú-əriəs] a. 가짜의; 사생아의 : FALSE 1. lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not
genuine; false 2. of illegitimate birth
spurious : authenticity :: (LACK) spurious ↔ authentic, genuine spuriousness ↔ authenticity
spurn [spəːrn] v. 콧방귀 뀌다, 냉 하다 1. to reject disdainfully or contemptuously; scorn 2. to kick at or tread on disdainfully
spurn : reject :: despise : ignore (A>>B) spurn ↔ welcome willingly, want, desire, accept, court, crave, embrace, uphold, seek, take willingly court 비위를 맞추다, 구애하다, 유혹하다 crave 갈망하다, 필요로 하다, 간청하다
spurned ↔ beloved
squabble [skwɑ b-əl] v. 말다툼하다 : to engage in a disagreeable argument, usually over a
trivial matter squabble : dispute, quarrel :: foible : failing (A << B) foible 사소한 약점, 결점; 칼날의 약한 부분 ↔ forte
tiff : squabble :: foible : failing tiff 역정; 입씨름 a fit of irritation; a petty quarrel
squalid [skwɑ lid / skwɔ l-] a. 더러운, 야비한; 비참한, 천한 1. dirty and wretched, as from poverty or lack of care 2. morally repulsive; sordid
squalid, sordid ↔ pristine, immaculate, salubrious pristine 초기의, 원시 상태의; 순박한 immaculate 순백의, 티 없는; 순결한; 결점 없는
squall [skwɔːl] n. 질풍, 돌풍; 소란, 소동 1. a brief, sudden, violent windstorm, often accompanied
by rain or snow 2. a brief commotion
squall : commotion :: flash : illumination
squalor [skwɑ ləːr, skwɔ ːl- / skwɔ ləːr] n. 더러움, 비열함 : a filthy and wretched condition or quality
squalor ↔ immaculateness, splendor, sincerity, ceremony, salubrity immaculate 순백의, 티 없는; 순결한; 결점 없는 splendor 호화; 웅장함, 탁월; 빛남, 광채 ceremony 의식; 예의, 예절; 예절바른 행동 strict observance of
formalities or etiquette
squander [skwɑ ndəːr] v.t. 낭비하다 : DISSIPATE : to spend wastefully or extravagantly; dissipate
squandering : spend :: gluttony : eat proctor : supervise :: prodigal : squander proctor ( 학의) 시험 감독관; 리인, 변인
squander : expend :: coercion : intimidate :: adulate : admire coerce 억압하다, 강제하다
squander : meager :: conserve, hoard, husband ↔ waste, squander, exhaust squander ↔ skimp, scrimp skimp v. 인색하게 굴다, 아까워하다 a. 부족한, 인색한
squash [skwa∫] v. 짓누르다, 납작하게 만들다; 어 넣다; 억누르다 1. to beat, squeeze, or press into a pulp or a flattened mass;
crush 2. to put down or suppress; quash 3. to silence or fluster, as with crushing words
squash ↔ foment
squat [skwɑt / skwɔt] a. 땅딸막한; 웅크린 1. short and thick; low and broad 2. crouched in a squatting position
squat ↔ tall and thin, lean
squeamish a. (꼴사납게) 점잔빼는 새침한, (도덕적으로) 지나치게 까다로운, 너무 결벽한, 지나치게 고지식한, 걸핏하면 토하는, 메스꺼운
squeamish : disgust :: tractable : manage
squelch [skweltʃ] v. 짓누르다, 진압하다 : QUELL, SQUASH 1. to crush by or as if by trampling; squash 2. to put down or silence, as with a crushing retort
squelch, squash ↔ foment, kindle
squint, squiz [skwint] v. 눈을 가늘게 뜨고 보다, 엿보다, 흘겨보다; 넌지시 비추다
1. to look with the eyes partly closed, as in bright sunlight 2. a. to look or glance sideways b. to look askance, as in disapproval 3. to have an indirect reference or inclination 4. to be affected with strabismus([strəbízməs] 사팔눈, 사시)
askance; a. 비스듬히, 곁눈질로, 의심하여 squiz, squint : eye :: pucker : mouth pucker [pʌkər] (입술을) 오므리다, 주름이 잡히다 to gather into small
wrinkles or folds
stabilize [stéibəl`aiz] v. 안정/고정시키다; 일정한 수준으로 유지하다 1. to make stable or steadfast 2. to maintain the stability of (an airplane or sip, for
example) by means of a stabilizer 3. to keep from fluctuating; fix the level of
stabilize ↔ fluctuate, teeter stability ↔ inconstancy
stagnant [stǽgnənt] a. 정체된, 괴어 있는 : motionless
stagnant ↔ flowing, moving
staid [steid] a. 침착한; 안정된 : SOBER, GRAVE 1. characterized by sedate dignity and often a strait-laced
sense or propriety; sober 2. fixed; permanent
staid ↔ jaunty, puckish, jocular jaunty 경쾌한, 멋진; 말쑥한
stain [stein] n. 염료, 얼룩; 오점, 흠 v. 더럽히다, 얼룩지게 하다 동사 1. to discolor, soil, or spot 더럽히다 2. to bring into disrepute; taint or tarnish (명성 등을) 더럽히다 3. to color (glass, for example) with a coat of penetrating
liquid dye or tint 염색하다, 색을 입히다 4. to treat (specimens for the microscope) with a reagent or
dye that makes visible certain structures without affecting others
dye : stain ::
stalemate [stéilmèit] n. 교착 상태, 막다른 궁지 : DEADLOCK
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: a situation in which further action is blocked; a deadlock clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations clog 방해하다; 막히게 하다, 메우다
stalk [sto:k] v.몰래 다가가다/추적하다; (거드름 피며, 으스 며) 걷다
1. to walk with a stiff, haughty, or angry gait 2. to move threateningly or menacingly 3. to track prey or quarry
collude : cooperate :: stalk : follow :: infiltrate : enter grazing : foragers :: stalking : hunter
stalwart [stɔ ːlwəːrt] a. 튼튼한, (결의가) 굳센, 확고부동한 1. having or marked by imposing physical strength 2. firm and resolute; stout
constant : stalwart :: judicious : sage (형 : 형, EQUAL) stalwart : irresolution :: (A에는 B가 없는) lank ↔ stalwart lank 부드러운; 호리호리한 long and lean; long, straight, and limp
stalwart ↔ timorous, infirm, irresolute, gangling
stamina [stǽmənə] n. 체력, 정력 : physical or moral strength to resist or withstand illness,
fatigue, or hardship stamina ↔ frailty
stammer [stǽməːr] v. 더듬으며 말하다 : HALT : to speak with involuntary pauses or repetitions
falter : act :: stammer : speak falter 비틀거리다, 머뭇거리다; 더듬거리다
stammer : halting :: drone : monotonous
stanch [st :nt∫|stɑ:nt∫] v. (액체, 특히 피를) 멎게 하다; 누그러뜨
리다, 달래다 1. to stop or check the flow of (blood or tears, for example) 2. to stop the flow of blood from (a wound) 3. to check or allay
stanch ↔ let it flow
standard [stǽndərd] n. 기준, 규범, 척도, 본보기 adj. 표준의, 기준이 되는
aberrant : standard :: digressive : topic standard ↔ atypical argot ↔ standard language, common verbalism
stanza [stǽnzə] n. 절, 연 : STROPHE : one of the divisions of a poem, composed of two or more
lines usually characterized by a common pattern of meter, rhyme, and number of lines
ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter :: prose : paragraph :: novel : paragraph :: symphony : movement
stanza : line :: volume : issue stanza : poem, poetry :: movement : symphony :: paragraph : prose prose 산문 ⇔ verse 운문
quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech quatrain [kwátrein] 4행시
stark [stɑːrk] a. 완전한; 황량한, 간소한(수수한) 1. bare; blunt 2. complete or utter; extreme 3. harsh; grim
stark ↔ ornate, lavish, colorful, productive, indistinct, weak, subtle, hidden (useful은 오답)
startle [stɑ ːrtl] v.t. 깜짝 놀라게 하다 1. to cause to make a quick involuntary movement or start 2. to alarm, frighten, or surprise suddenly
solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch solicitous 걱정하는; 갈망하는
startle ↔ lull, cause tranquil (파워프랩에서-appease는 답이 아님)
stasis [stéisis] n. 균형/정지 상태 : a condition of balance among various forces;
motionlessness stasis ↔ changing period, period of change, activity, moving, disequilibrium, motility
static [stǽtik] a. 정적인 1. having no motion; being at rest; quiescent 2. fixed; stationary
static : movable :: pliable : inflexible motile ↔ static motile [móutəl] 운동성의 moving or having the power to move
spontaneously
stature [stǽtʃəːr] n. 신장, 키; 달성; 품위, 재능 1. the natural height of a human being or an animal in an
upright position 2. an achieved level; status
stature : tall :: sound, volume : loud
status [stéitəs, stǽtəs] n. 지위, 신분; 높은 지위; (사물의) 상태, 정세 1. position relative to that of others; standing 2. high standing; prestige 3. a state of affairs; situation
abase : status :: shorten : length, height
staunch [stɑːntʃ, stɔːntʃ] adj. 충실한 : steadfast in loyalty or principle
staunch ↔ irresolute / wavering
steadfast [stédfæ st, -fəst] a. 확고부동의 1. fixed or unchanging; steady 2. firmly loyal or constant; unswerving
swerve 빗나가다, 이탈하다 to turn aside or be turned aside from a straight course capricious ↔ steadfast
stealth [stelθ] n. 은 한 방법 1. the act of moving, proceeding, or acting in a covert way 2. the quality of characteristic of being furtive or covert
caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied
steep [stiːp] a. 가파른, 험준한; 터무니없이 비싼, 엄청난 v. 적시다, 담그다; 몰두하다, 열중하다 v. 1. to soak in liquid in order to cleanse, soften, or extract a
given property from 2. to infuse or subject thoroughly to 3. to make thoroughly wet; saturate
collapse : implode :: steep : immerse immerse 물에 담그다, 가라앉히다; 완전히 몰두하다
precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness precipice 절벽, 벼랑; 위기, 궁지 defile v. 더럽히다; 모독하다 n. 좁은 길, 골짜기
steep ↔ parch parch 바싹 말리다; 볶다, 굽다
stench [stentʃ] n. 악취 : a strong, foul odor; a stink
stench : nose :: din : ear
stencil 스텐실 [종이, 금속판 등에서 무늬, 문자 등을 오려낸 것] stencil : lettering :: pattern : sewing
stentorian [stentɔ ːriən] a. 큰 소리의 : extremely loud
audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious, manifest (A<<B) stentorian ↔ faint
sterile [stéril / -rail] a. 불모의, 살균한
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1. not producing or incapable of producing offspring 2. a. not producing or incapable of producing seed, fruit
spores, or other reproductive structure b. producing little or no vegetation; unfruitful 3. free from live bacteria or other microorganisms 4. lacking imagination, creativity, or vitality 5. lacking the power to function; not productive or
effective; fruitless sterile : bacteria :: impeccable : flaws impeccable 죄가 없는; 나무랄 데 없는
plain : austere :: clean : sterile (A << B) verdant ↔ sterile verdant 초목으로 뒤덮인, 신록의; 미숙한, 순진한
sterilize [stérəl`aiz] v. 살균/소독하다; 단종시키다; 메마르게 하다, 불모지로 만들다
1. to make free from live bacteria or other microorganisms 2. to deprive (a person or an animal) of the ability to
produce offspring, as by removing the reproductive organs
3. a. to make incapable of bearing fruit or germinating b. to render (land) unfruitful 4. to make inoffensive or innocuous
sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize sterilize ↔ contaminate
stickle [stíkl] v. (사소한 일로) 트집 잡다; 이의를 제기하다 1. to argue or contend stubbornly, especially about trivial
or petty points 2. to have or raise objections; scruple
stickler [stíkləːr] n. 까다로운 사람; 곤란한 문제 1. one who insists on something unyieldingly 2. something puzzling or difficult
stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration stickler : exacting :: martinet : disciplinary :: defeatist : resigned defeatist 패배주의자 a person who surrenders easily or is subject to
defeatism stickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate pedagogue 교육자, 선생; 학자인 체하는 사람
stickler : imprecision :: prude : impropriety prude 숙녀인 체하는 여자, 새침데기
stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected
stiff [stif] a. 굳은, 딱딱한; 매끄럽게 움직이지 않는; 거센, 격렬한 numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness suppleness ↔ stiffness, rigidness
stifle [stáif-əl] v.t. 질식시키다; 억압하다, 억누르다; 진압하다 : DETER, DISCOURAGE
1. to interrupt or cut off (the voice, for example) 2. to keep in or hold back; repress 3. to kill by preventing respiration; smother or suffocate
stifle ↔ foment, foster
stigma [stígmə] n. 치욕 : STAIN 1. a mark or token of infamy, disgrace, or reproach 2. a small mark; a scar(흉터) or birthmark * stigmatize v.t. ~에 낙인을 찍다
stigmatize : contempt :: bemoan : regret stigma ↔ mark of esteem
stilted [stíltid] a. 과장한, 허풍떠는; 으스 는 : POMPOUS, LOFTY, 딱딱한
: stiffly or artificially formal; stiff
stint [stint] v. 절약하다 : to restrict or limit, as in amount or number; be sparing
with
lavish ↔ stint lavish 아낌없이 주다
stingy [stíndʒi] a. 인색한 1. giving or spending reluctantly 2. scanty or meager
miser : stingy :: sage : judicious :: loner : solitary sage 현명한/슬기로운 사람; 현인, 철인 loner 남과 사귀지 않는 사람, 혼자 행동하는 사람, 독불장군(lone
wolf) one who avoids the company of other people insensible : boor :: stingy : miser generosity ↔ stinginess generously ↔ stingily
stipple [stíp-əl] v. 점각/점묘/점채하다 1. to draw, engrave, or paint in dots or short strokes 2. to apply (paint, for example) in dots or short strokes 3. to dot, fleck, or speckle
stipple : dot :: striate : band :: penetrate : hole striate v. ~에 홈(줄)을 내다
stipulate [stípjəleit] v. 명기하다, 약속하다 1. a. to lay down as a condition of an agreement; require by
contract b. to specify or arrange in an agreement 2. to guarantee or promise (something) in an agreement stipulation [stipjəlei∫ən] n. 조항, 계약
request : command :: propose : stipulate (A << B) stipulation ↔ tacit requirement
stir [stəːr] v. 휘젓다, 부추기다, 북돋우다 1. a. to pass an implement through (a liquid, for example) in
circular motions so as to mix or cool the contents b. to introduce (an ingredient, for example) into a liquid or
mixture c. to mix together the ingredients of before cooking or use 2. to alter the placement of slightly; disarrange 3. to take place; happen 4. to be capable of being stirred 5. to be roused or affected by strong feelings
exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir dissipate : stir :: (A >> B) impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir indolent 게으른, 나태한
lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge appetite 식욕; 욕구, 욕망 a strong with or urge
stitch [stit∫] n. 한 바늘, 한 땀 : a single complete movement of a threaded needle in sewing
or surgical suturing tile : mosaic :: stitch : sampler sampler 자수의 견본 작품; 선집(選集)
stock [stɑk / stɔk] n. 재고, 비축; 증권 a. 평범한 1. kept regularly in stock 재고의 2. repeated regularly without any thought or originality;
routine 평범한, 틀에 박힌 census : population :: inventory : stock stock ↔ unique
stockade [stɑkéid / stɔk-] n. 방책, 우리 1. a defensive barrier made of strong posts or timbers driven
upright side by side into the ground 2. a. a similar fenced or enclosed area, especially one used
for protection b. a jail on a military base
stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support
stodgy [stɑ dʒi / stɔ dʒi] a. 답답한; (음식이) 소화가 잘 안되는;답답한, 재미없는; 지루한; (생각이) 케케묵은, 구식의, 지나치
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게 격식차리는 1. a. dull, unimaginative, and commonplace b. prim or pompous; stuffy 2. indigestible and starchy; heavy 3. solidly build; stocky
mawkish : sentimental :: mad : excited :: stodgy : conservative :: foolhardy : adventurous (A >> B) mawkish 지나치게 감상적인; 역겨운
stodgy ↔ exciting
stoic [stóuik] n. 금욕주의자 a. 극기의, 금욕의, 태연한 : one who is seemingly indifferent to or unaffected by joy,
grief, pleasure, or pain stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy avaricious immoderately desirous of wealth or gain; greedy
stoic : perturb :: perfectionist : satisfy stoic : perturbed :: buoyant : submerged stoic ↔ liberal
stoke [stouk] v. 불을 지피다; (증오 등을) 불러일으키다 1. to stir up and feed (a fire or furnace) 2. to feed fuel to and tend the fire of (a furnace)
stoke : fuel :: irrigate : water stoke : fuel :: garnish : decoration
stolid [stɑ lid / stɔ l-] a. 둔감한, 무감동의 : UNEMOTIONAL : having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; impassive
stolid ↔ excitable, emotional excitable (자극에 대해서) 흥분하는, 격하기 쉬운
stomach [stʌ mək] v. 먹다, 소화하다, 새기다; 참다, 견디다 : to bear; tolerate
stomach ↔ refuse to tolerate
stopgap [stápgæp|stɔ p-] n. adj. 구멍 메우개, 임시변통(의) stopgap : temporary ::
stonewall [stounwɔ ːl] v. 방해하다 : (informal) a. to engage in delaying tactics; stall b. to
refuse to answer or cooperate stonewall ↔ cooperate fully
stouthearted [stounwɔ ːl] a. 담한 : brave; courageous
pusillanimous ↔ stouthearted pusillanimous 우유부단한, 소심한 lacking courage; cowardly
straggle [strǽg-əl] vi. 벗어나다, 낙오하다;헝클어지다, 산재하다 : ROVE, STRAY 1. to stray or fall behind 2. to proceed or spread out in a scattered or irregular group
rove 방황하다, 유랑하다 to wander about at random, especially over a wide area; roam
strait [streit] n. 해협; 곤궁, 궁핍 1. a narrow channel joining two larger bodies of water 2. a position of difficulty, perplexity, distress, or need
isthmus : land :: strait : water isthmus [ísməs] 지협(地峽) a narrow strip of land connecting two
larger land areas
stratagem [strǽtədʒəm] n. 전략, 계략, 책략 1. a military maneuver designed to deceive or surprise an
enemy 2. a clever, often underhand scheme for achieving an
objective stratagem : deceive :: concession : placate
stratify [strǽtəfài] v. 계층화하다 1. to form, arrange, or deposit in layers
2. a. to arrange or separate into castes, classes, or social levels
b. to separate into a sequence of graded status levels * stratification 층상(배열), 지층, 성층
stratification : layer :: perforation : hole stratify ↔ homogenize
stray [strei] a. 길을 잃은, 빗나간; 산재한 adj. 1. straying or having strayed; wandering or lost 2. scattered or separated v. 1. a. to move away from a group, deviate from the correct
course, or go beyond established limits b. to become lost 2. to wander about without a destination or purpose; roam
digressive : topic, subject :: stray : group
strength [streŋkθ] n. 세기 slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength slacken 활발하지 않게 하다, 굼뜨게 하다 dilute 묽게 하다; 약화시키다
strenuous [strénjuəs] a. 정력적인, 열심인; 격렬한 1. requiring great effort, energy, or exertion 2. vigorously active; energetic or zealous
stress [stres] n. 강조 : importance, significance, or emphasis placed on something
stress ↔ de-emphasis
strew [struː] v. 흩뿌리다 : to spread by scattering
strew ↔ collect
striate [stráieit] v.t. 홈을 새겨 넣다 : to mark with striae or striations
grooved : striating :: braided : stranded stipple : dot :: striate : band striated : groove :: dappled : spot
stricture [stríktʃəːr] n. 제한, 구속; 혹평 1. a restraint, limit, or restriction 2. an adverse remark or criticism; censure
eulogy ↔ stricture
stride [straid] vi. 성큼성큼 걷다 1. to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or vigorous
way 2. to take a single long step, as in passing over an
obstruction quaff : sip :: stride : mince
strident [stráid-ənt] a. 귀에 거슬리는 : loud, harsh, grating, or shrill; discordant
stridency : sound :: acridity : odor :: garishness : appearance (DEFECTIVE) acrid (맛, 냄새가) 찌르는 듯한, 얼얼한; 신랄한
strike [straik] vi. 치다; (화폐, 매달을) 주조하다 strike : medal :: mint : coin mint (화폐를) 주조하다; 만들어내다
stringent [stríndʒ-ənt] a. 엄격한; 자금이 부족한 : TIGHT, CONSTRICTED
1. imposing rigorous standards of performance; severe 2. constricted; tight 3. characterized by scarcity of money, credit restrictions, or
other financial strain stringent ↔ lax
strip [strip] v.t. 벗기다
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bedeck ↔ strip bedeck 꾸미다 to adorn or ornament in a showy fashion
strut [strʌt] v. 뽐내며 걷다 n. 버팀목, 지주 : to walk with pompous bearing; swagger 1. a pompous, self-important gait 2. a bar or rod used to brace a structure against forces
applied from the side strut : walk :: pontificate : speak strut : wing :: buttress : wall :: guy : pylon guy 당김줄, 버팀 밧줄
stubborn [stʌ bəːrn] a. 완고한, 고집 센 1. a. unreasonably, often perversely unyielding; bullheaded b. firmly resolved or determined; resolute 2. characterized by perseverance; persistent 3. difficult to treat or deal with; resistant to treatment or
effort
studio [stjú:diou] n. 작업장 studio : artist :: laboratory : scientist
stultify [stʌ ltəfài] v.t. 바보로 만들다, 무효화하다 1. to render useless or ineffectual; cripple 2. to cause to appear stupid, inconsistent, or ridiculous
stultify ↔ animate, stir, excite, remind, stimulate, enliven, inspire enliven 활기띠게 하다, 쾌활하게 하다, 북돋우다 stultifying ↔ stimulating
stumble [stʌ mb-əl] v. 비틀거리다; 망설이다, 더듬거리다; 실수하다 1. a. to miss one's step in walking or running; trip and
almost fall b. to proceed unsteadily or falteringly; flounder c. to act or speak falteringly or clumsily
2. to make a mistake; blunder 3. to fall into evil ways; err 4. to come upon accidentally or unexpectedly
stumble ↔ win out
stun [stʌn] v.t. 아연실색케 하다; (귀를) 멍하게 하다 : DAZE 1. to daze or render senseless, by or as if by a blow 2. to overwhelm or daze with a loud noise 3. to stupefy, as with the emotional impact of an
experience; astound daze 멍하게 하다, 어리둥절하게 하다
stunt [stʌnt] v. 발육을 저지하다 : to check the growth or development of
obstruct : progress :: stunt : growth nurture ↔ stunt
stupefy [stjúːpəfài] v. 마비시키다; 경실색케 하다 1. to dull the senses or faculties of 2. to amaze; astonish
stupor [st:jú:pər] n. 마비 상태; 망연자실한 상태 1. a state of reduced or suspended sensibility 2. a state of mental numbness, as that resulting from
shock; a daze stupor : alert :: despair : hopeful
sturdy [stə ːrdi] a. 힘센; 용감한, 불굴의 1. having or showing rugged physical strength 2. substantially made or built; stout 3. marked by resoluteness or determination; firm 4. vigorous or robust
sturdy ↔ decrepit, weak, feeble, powerless
stygian [stídʒiən] a. 삼도천의, 지옥의; 어두운 1. a. gloomy and dark
b. infernal; hellish 2. of or relating to the river Styx
stygian : dark :: abysmal : low (A>>B)
stylus [stáiləs] n. 첨필; 바늘 1. a sharp, pointed instrument used for writing, marking, or
engraving 2. a phonograph needle 3. a sharp, pointed tool used for cutting record grooves
stylus : mark :: lamp : illumination stylus : engraving :: shield : protecting
stymie [stáimi] v. 방해하다, 좌절시키다 : to thwart; stump
stymie ↔ abet, promote, foster
subdue [səbdjúː] v.t. 정복하다, 억누르다; ~을 완화시키다 (subdued : 정복된, 억압된; 완화된, 억제된) 1. to conquer and subjugate; vanquish 2. to quiet or bring under control by physical force or
persuasion; make tractable 3. to make less intense or prominent; tone down 4. to bring (land) under cultivation
impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued (OPPOSITE) impervious 불침투성의; 영향을 받지 않는
subdue ↔ inflame, burgeon subdued ↔ unruly, flamboyant indomitable ↔ easily subdued
subject [sʌ bdʒikt] n. 신하, 가신; 피지배자 1. one who is under the rule of another or others, especially
one who owes allegiance to a government or ruler 2. a. one concerning which something is said or done b. something that is treated or indicated in a work of art 3. a course or area of study 4. a basis for action; a cause 5. a. one that experiences or is subjected to something b. one that is the object of clinical study c. one who is under surveillance d. a corpse intended for study and dissection
potentate ↔ subject potentate 주권자, 군주, 지배자
subjugate [sʌ bdʒugèit] v.t. 복종시키다 : CONQUER 1. to bring under control; conquer 2. to make subservient; enslave
blur : definition :: subjugate : independence subjugation ↔ liberation subjugate ↔ enfranchise enfranchise 참정권을 주다; 해방하다(emancipate)
sublime [səbláim] a. 장엄한, 경외할 만한 1. characterized by nobility; majestic 2. a. of high spiritual, moral, or intellectual worth
b. not to be excelled; supreme 3. inspiring awe; impressive
sublime : awe :: sublime ↔ ridiculous, base, common, worthless, despicable, furtive, laughable, not suitable, stealthy
subliminal [sʌblímənəl] a. 잠재의식의 1. below the threshold of conscious perception 2. inadequate to produce conscious awareness but able to
evoke a response subliminal ↔ at a perceptible level
submerge [səbmə ːrdʒ] v.t. 물에 담그다; 감추어 보이지 않게 하다 1. to place under water 2. to cover with water 3. to hide from view; obscure
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submerge : buoyant :: bend : rigid :: dissolve : insoluble submerge : water :: inter : earth
submissive [səbmísiv] a. 순종하는, 복종하는 : inclined or willing to submit
insubordinate : submissive :: capricious : deliberate submissive ↔ imperious
subordinate [səbɔ ːrdənit] a. 부차적인, 복종하는 : INFERIOR 1. belonging to a lower or inferior class or rank; secondary 2. subject to the authority or control of another
principal ↔ subordinate tractable ↔ insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate intransigent 타협하지 않는, 완고한
subpoena [səbpíːnə] n. 소환장 : a writ requiring appearance in court to give testimony
writ 영장 a written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act lien : claim :: subpoena : command lien 선취특권, 유치권 the right to take and hold or sell the property
of a debtor as security or payment for a debt or duty subpoena : witness :: conscript : soldier
subservient [səbsə :rviənt] a. 굴종하는, 비굴한, 추종하는; 도움
이 되는, 유용한; 부차적인, 종속적인 1. subordinate in capacity or function 2. obsequious; servile 3. useful as a means or an instrument; serving to promote
an end willfulness : headstrong :: subservience : fawning subservient : insubordinate
subside [səbsáid] v. 가라앉다; 진정되다, 침강하다 1. to sink to a lower or normal level 2. to sink or settle down, as into a sofa 3. to sink to the bottom, as a sediment 4. to become less agitated or active; abate
subside ↔ withhold pressure, intensify subside ↔ wax
subsidiary [səbsídièri] n. 부차적인, 보조의,보조금
의:AUXILIARY 1. serving to assist or supplement; auxiliary 2. secondary in importance; subordinate 3. of, relating to, or of the nature of a subsidy
preponderant ↔ subsidiary preponderant 우세한, 압도적인 having superior weight, force,
importance, or influence
subsidy [sʌ bsidi] n. 보조금 1. monetary assistance granted by a government to a
person or group in support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest
2. financial assistance given by one person or government to another
* subsidize v. 보조금을 지급하다, 원조를 얻다 sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive sop 빵 조각; 비위를 맞추는 것, 뇌물
subsidy : support :: debt : obligation subsidize ↔ hinder, impede, obstruct, reject, undermine
substantial [səbstǽnʃəl] a. 실체의, 중요한, 상당한 1. of, relating to, or having substance; material 2. true or real; not imaginary 3. solidly built; strong 4. ample; sustaining 5. considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or
extent 6. possessing wealth or property; well-to-do
groundless : substantial :: (OPPOSITE) substantial ↔ trivial, diaphanous, vaporous, vague, tenuous diaphanous [daiǽfənəs] 내비치는, 투명한; 섬세한; 하찮은 tenuous 가느다란, 희박한, 엷은; 빈약한, 보잘것없는
substantiate [səbstǽnʃièit] v.t. 확증하다; 구체화하다 : VERIFY 1. to support with proof or evidence; verify 2. a. to give material form to; embody
b. to make firm or solid 3. to give substance to; make real or actual
substantiate ↔ disapprove, controvert controvert 반박하다, 부정하다; 논쟁하다 to raise arguments against;
voice opposition to substantiated ↔ inane inane 어리석은, 무의미한; 공허한, 텅 빈
unsubstantiated ↔ verified substantiation ↔ disproof
substantive [sʌ bstəntiv] adj. 본질적인, 실재적인 : substantive negotiations or issues deal with the most
important and central aspects of a subject. (formal) substantive ↔ trivial
subterfuge [sʌ btərfjùːdʒ] n. 핑계, 구실 : a deceptive stratagem or device
subterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour decant (액체를) 가만히 따르다
candor : subterfuge :: brash : deliberate subterfuge ↔ openness
subtle [sʌ tl] a. 포착하기 어려운, 미묘한 : OBSCURE 1. a. so slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive
b. not immediately obvious; abstruse 2. able to make fine distinctions 3. a. characterized by skill or ingenuity; clever
b. crafty or sly; devious c. operating in a hidden, usually injurious way; insidious
insidious 틈을 엿보는, 교활한, 방심할 수 없는; 모르는 사이에 진행
되는 subtle : ignore :: salient : observe salient 두드러진, 현저한; 튀어나온, 돌출된 strikingly conspicuous;
prominent subtle : overlook :: tractable : lead palpable, blatant, obvious ↔ subtle blatant 소란스러운; 야한, 뻔뻔스러운
subvert [səbvə ːrt] v. 전복/타도하다, 파멸시키다; 부패시키다 1. to destroy completely; ruin 2. to undermine the character, morals, or allegiance of;
corrupt 3. to overthrow completely
sabotage : subvertness :: bull : intimidation subversion : undermine :: acquisition : accumulate subvert ↔ reinforce, establish, promote, ratify, uphold
succinct [səksíŋkt] a. 간결한 : characterized by clear, precise expression in few words;
concise and terse loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly (OPPOSITE) adroit 손재주가 있는; 능숙한, 기민한 dexterous; deft
babble ↔ express succinctly succinctness ↔ verbosity, prolixity, circumlocution voluble, prolix, verbose ↔ taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent reticent 말이 적은; 삼가는, 신중한
circumlocution ↔ succinct expression succinct ↔ lengthy, prolonged, unabridged, verbose, wordy, voluble, loquacious, prolix
succor [sʌ kər] v.t. 도와주다, 원조하다 : RELIEVE n. 구조, 원조 n. 1. assistance in time of distress; relief
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2. one that affords assistance or relief to give assistance to in time of want, difficulty, or distress
succor : relief :: caution : warning succor ↔ aggravate, withdraw assistance, deny aid, hinder, impede, oppose, prevent, undermine, discourage, inhibit
succulent [sʌ kjələnt] a. 즙이 많은, 흥미진진한 n. 다즙식물 : full of juice or sap : highly interesting or enjoyable; delectable 유쾌한, 즐거운 * succulence
succulent ↔ desiccated, dry (languid는 오답)
suffocate [sʌ fək`eit] v. 호흡을 곤란하게 하다; 질식사시키다, 목 졸라 죽이다
1. to kill or destroy by preventing access of air or oxygen 2. to impair the respiration of 3. to cause discomfort to by or as if by cutting off the
supply of fresh air 4. to suppress the development, imagination, or creativity
of; stifle suffocate : oxygen :: starve : nutrients
suffuse [səfjúːz] v. 가득하게 하다 : to spread through or over, as with liquid, color, or light
tint : suffuse :: amble : wander (A << B)
sugar candy : sugar :: tire : rubber
suggestible [səgdʒéstəbəl] a. 영향 받기 쉬운 : readily influenced by suggestion
suite [swiːt] n. 한 벌; 특별실, 스위트 룸; 조곡, 모음곡; 수행
원 일행 1. a staff of attendants or followers; a retinue 2. a. a group of related things intended to be used
together; a set b. a set of matching furniture 3. a series of connected rooms used as a living unit 4. (music) an instrumental composition consisting of a
succession of dances in the same or related keys retinue : attendant :: suite : room retinue 시종의 일행; 수행단
sulky [sʌ lki] a. 뚱한, 부루퉁한; 음침한 1. sullenly aloof or withdrawn 2. gloomy; dismal
sulky ↔ rejoicing
sullen [sʌ lən] a. 시무룩한, 언짢은; 음침한 1. showing a brooding ill humor or silent resentment;
morose or sulky 2. gloomy or somber in tone, color, or portent 3. sluggish; slow
sullen ↔ lively, affable, elated, bright, friendly
sully [sʌ li] v. 더럽히다, (명예를) 손상시키다 1. to mar the cleanness or luster of; soil or stain 2. to defile; taint * sullied
sullied : cleanness :: sully ↔ cleanse
summary [sʌ məri] n. 요약 a. 요약한, 간략한; 즉결의, 약식의 a. 1. presenting the substance in a condensed form; concise 2. performed speedily and without ceremony
compendium : summary :: anthology : collection aside : digression :: summary : excerpt summary ↔ protracted protract to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong
summarily ↔ after long deliberation
summit [sʌ mit] n. 정상, 정점 1. the highest point or part; the top 2. the highest level or degree that can be attained 3. a. the highest level, as of government officials b. a summit conference 정상회담
crest : wave :: summit, peak : mountain roof : room :: summit : mountain nadir ↔ summit
summon [sʌ mən] v.t. 소환하다, 소집하다 1. to call together; convene 2. to request to appear; send for 3. (law) to order to appear in court by the issuance of a
summons 4. to order to take a specified action; bid 5. to call forth; evoke
command : request :: summon : invite (A >> B) summons : citation :: summons 호출, 소집; 소환, 출두 명령 citation 인용, 예시; 언급, 열거; 소환(장)
summon ↔ dismiss
sumptuous [sʌ mptʃuəs] a. 값진, 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운 of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish
sumptuous ↔ ascetic, frugal, spartan, sober sumptuousness ↔ sobriety sobriety 진지, 근엄, 엄숙; 절주, 금주 gravity in bearing, manner, or
treatment
sunder [sʌ ndər] v. 절단하다, 분리하다 : to break or wrench apart; sever
collapse : implode :: divide : sunder (A << B) sunder ↔ connect, link, combine, bond, yoke, merge, coalesce, conjoin, tether, unite, meld yoke 멍에를 메우다; (소, 말을) 쟁기에 매다; 한데 묶다, 연결하다;
복종시키다
supercilious [sùːpərsíliəs] a. 거만한 : feeling or showing haughty disdain
supercilious : hauteur :: supercilious ↔ obsequious, humble, groveling groveling 기는, 엎드린, 비굴한, 아첨하는 superciliousness ↔ humility
superficial [sùːpərfíʃəl] a. 표면의; 허울뿐인, 피상적인; 하찮은, 실체가 없는 1. of, affecting, or being on or near the surface 2. concerned with or comprehending only what is apparent or
obvious; shallow 3. apparent rather than actual or substantial 4. trivial; insignificant
superficial ↔ central, profound
superfluous [suːpə ːrfluəs] a. 여분의, 불필요한 : EXTRA : being beyond what is required or sufficient
pertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluity terseness : superfluous :: transitory : permanent superfluous : indispensable :: indigent : wealthy (OPPOSITE) superfluous ↔ elemental, integral
superimpose [su:pə:rimpóuz] v. 얹다, 포개놓다; 덧붙이다, 첨가하다 1. to lay or place (something) on or over something else 2. to add as a distinct feature, element, or quality
superimpose : above :: insert : between
supine [suːpáin] a. 반듯이 누운; 무관심한; 나태한, 무기력한 1. lying on the back or having the face upward
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2. having the palm upward 3. marked by or showing lethargy, passivity, or
blameworthy indifference 4. inclined; sloping
vigilant ↔ oblivious, unalert, slack, negligible, supine
supplant [səplǽnt|-plá:nt] v. 신하다, 체하다; (지위 등을) 빼앗다
1. to usurp the place of, especially through intrigue or underhanded tactics
2. to displace and substitute for (another) supplant : replace :: snatch : take
supple [sʌ pəl] a. 유연한, 잘 휘는; 비위를 맞추는, 비굴한 1. readily bent; pliant 2. moving and bending with agility; limber 3. yielding or changing readily; compliant or adaptable * suppleness n.
numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness firm : obstinate :: supple : spineless spineless 가시/등뼈가 없는; 흐느적거리는; 나약한, 근성이 없는
suppleness ↔ stiffness, rigidness
supplement [sʌ pləmənt] n. 보충, 추가; 증보, 부록 1. something added to complete a thing, make up for a
deficiency, or extend or strengthen the whole 2. a section added to a book or document to give further
information or to correct errors 3. a separate section devoted to a special subject inserted
into a periodical, such as a newspaper supplement : additional :: placebo : innocuous
supplicate [sʌ pləkèit] v. 무릎 꿇고 간청하다, 기원하다 1. to ask for humbly or earnestly, as by praying 2. to make a humble entreaty to; beseech
protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat (A >> B) protest 항의하다; 확언하다 to express strong objection; to make an
earnest avowal or affirmation supplicant : beseeching :: coquette :: flirtatious beseech 탄원하다, 간청하다 coquette 바람난 여자 a flirt
supplicate ↔ demand
supposition [sʌ pəzí∫:ən] n. 가정, 추정; 가설, 추측 1. the act of supposing 2. something supposed; an assumption
supposition ↔ certainty
suppress [səprés] v.t. 억압하다 : SUBDUE 1. to put an end to forcibly; subdue 2. to curtail or prohibit the activities of 3. to keep from being revealed, published, or circulated 4. to deliberately exclude (unacceptable desires or
thoughts) from the mind 5. to inhibit the expression of (an impulse, for example);
check 6. to reduce the incidence or severity of (a hemorrhage or a
cough, for example); arrest suppress : stimulate :: calm : provoke suppress ↔ stimulate, catalyze, unrestrain
surcharge [sə :t∫á:rdʒ] n. 추가금, 부가비용, 할증금;폭리;과충전 1. an additional sum added to the usual amount or cost 2. an overcharge, especially when unlawful 3. an additional or excessive burden; an overload 4. a. a new value or denomination overprinted on a postage
or revenue stamp b. the stamp to which a new value has been applied
surcharge ↔ shortfall shortfall 부족, 부족액
surfeit [sə ːrfit] n. 과다한 공급 : EXCESS v. 과식하다, 지겹게하
다, 식상하다 : to feed or supply to excess, satiety, or disgust
surfeit ↔ deficiency, deprivation, insufficient supply, famish, starve, dearth, depletion, lack, emptiness, thinness
surgeon [sə ːrdʒən] n. 외과 의사 : a physician specializing in surgery
scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer scalpel [skǽlpəl] 외과용 메스
surmise [sə:rmáiz] v. 추측하다, 짐작하다 n. 예측, 짐작 surmise ↔ mention conclusively
surpass [sərpǽs|-pá:s] v. 능가하다, 초월하다 1. to be beyond the limit, powers, or capacity of; transcend 2. to be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed
surrender [səréndər] v. 양도하다; 항복하다; 포기하다 1. to relinquish possession or control of to another because
of demand or compulsion 2. to give up in favor of another 3. to give up or give back (something that has been granted) 4. to give up or abandon 5. to give over or resign (oneself) to something, as to an
emotion) inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated inalienable [inéiljənəbl] 양도할 수 없는 that cannot be transferred to
another or others propitiate to conciliate (an offended power); appease surrender ↔ appropriate
surreptitious [sə ːrəptíʃəs / sʌ r-] a. 은 한, 비 리의; 부정한 : CLANDESTINE 1. obtained, done, or made by clandestine or stealthy means 2. acting with or marked by stealth
surreptitious : secrecy :: peril : danger surreptitious ↔ barefaced, aboveboard, overt, open, forthright
surrogate [sə ːrəgèit] n. 리인; 용물 1. one that takes the place of another; a substitute 2. a. a person or an animal that functions as a substitute for
another, as in a social or family role b. a surrogate mother
For centuries animals have been used as surrogates for people in experiments to assess the effects of therapeutic and other agents that might later be used in humans. (PP)
suspend [səspénd] vi. 매달다;보류하다, 연기하다;일시 중지하다 1. to bar for a period from a privilege, office, or position,
usually as a punishment 2. to cause to stop for a period; interrupt 3. a. to hold in abeyance; defer b. to render temporarily ineffective 4. to hang so as to allow free movement 5. to support or keep from falling without apparent
attachment, as by buoyancy suspend ↔ erect, invoke, let fall, continue, sustain, begin, proceed, resume, abet, aid, rise, admit, welcome
suspicion [səspíʃən] n. 의심, 의혹;막연한 느낌;아주 조금, 기미 : DOUBT
1. the act of suspecting something, especially something wrong, on little evidence or without proof
2. the condition of being suspected, especially of wrongdoing 3. a state of uncertainty; doubt 4. a minute amount; trace
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enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia paranoia 편집증
innuendo : suspicion :: (EQUAL) innuendo 암시, 넌지시 비침 an indirect or subtle, usually
derogatory implication in expression derogatory (권위를) 손상시키는, 경멸적인 disparaging; belittling
sustain [səstéin] v. 유지하다;부양하다,기르다;지지하다,격려하다 1. to keep in existence; maintain 2. to supply with necessities or nourishment; provide for 3. to support from below; keep from falling or sinking; prop 4. to support the spirits, vitality, or resolution of;
encourage 5. to bear up under; withstand 6. to experience or suffer 7. to affirm the validity of 8. to prove or corroborate; confirm 9. to keep up (a joke or an assumed role, for example)
competently sustain ↔ exude, terminate sustenance ↔ termination sustain ↔ weaken, undermine
suture [súːtʃər] n. 봉합; 꿰매기, 솔기 1. the process of joining two surfaces or edges together
along a line by or as if by sewing 2. the material, such as thread, gut, or wire, that is used in
this procedure 3. the line so formed
suture ↔ incision, avulsion avulsion 잡아 찢기, 떼어놓기
svelte [svelt] a. 날씬한, 유연한; 세련되고 품위 있는 : SLENDER, LITHE
: slender or graceful in figure or outline; slim lithe 나긋나긋한, 유연한
svelte ↔ plump, paunchy and awkward, chubby plump 포동포동한, 풍만한 paunchy 올챙이배의 having a potbelly
swagger [swǽgər] v. 뽐내며 걷다, 허세 부리다 1. to walk or conduct oneself with an insolent or arrogant
air; strut 2. to brag; boast
blustering : speak :: swaggering : walk fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger hauteur [houtə :r] 거만, 오만 haughtiness in bearing and attitude;
arrogance imperious : fawn :: self-depreciatory : swagger pontificate : speak :: swagger : walk imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger swagger : bravado :: caress : affection (A show B) caress 애무, 포옹; 존경
swamp [swɑmp / swɔmp] n. 늪, 습지; 곤경, 곤란 : a situation or place fraught with difficulties and
imponderables imponderable 잴 수 없는; 평가할 수 없는 that cannot undergo
precise evaluation
swarthy a. (사람, 얼굴 등이) 거무스름한, 까무잡잡한(0706) swarthy ↔ pallid
swath [swɑθ|sw :θ] n. (큰 낫, 풀 베는 기계의) 한 번 벤 면적; 길게 줄지은 열
swearword [swɛ ə:rwə:rd] n. 저주/욕설의 말 : an obscene or blasphemous word
accolade ↔ swearword
sweltering [swéltəriŋ] a. 무더운, 찌는 듯한 1. oppressively hot and humid; sultry 2. suffering from oppressive heat
sultry 무더운, 찌는 듯이 더움; 관능적인, 음탕한 sweltering ↔ frigid
swerve [swəːrv] v. 빗나가다, 벗어나다 : DEVIATE : to turn aside or be turned aside abruptly from a straight
course * unswerving 빗나가지 않는, (목적, 의지가) 부동한, 확고한
unswerving : conciliate :: unswerving : vacillatory :: capricious : deliberate swerve ↔ maintain direction unswerving ↔ changing, deviating, yielding
swill [swil] v. 마구 마시다; 물로 씻어내다; (돼지 등에게) 음식 찌꺼기를 넉넉히 주다 : GUZZLE 1. to drink or eat greedily or grossly 2. to flood with water, as for washing 3. to feed (animals) with swill
swill : sip :: gobble : nibble gobble 게걸스럽게 먹다, 먹어치우다
swill ↔ sip
swindle [swíndl] v. 사기 치다, 속이다 1. to cheat or defraud of money or property 2. to obtain by fraudulent means
implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle swindler : cheat :: proselytizer : convert proselytize 변절/개종시키다
swing [swiŋ] v. 흔들리다, 진동하다; 그네를 뛰다 n. 그네 oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter (2002년 후기임) (A는 B의 운동 방식) momentum Physics. A measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity. ALSO CALLED LINEAR MOMENTUM.
sybarite [síbəràit] n. 사치와 향락을 일삼는 놈 : VOLUPTUARY, SENSUALIST
: a person devoted to pleasure and luxury; a voluptuary sybarite : ascetic :: Spartan ↔ Sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious indulgent 관 한, 너그럽게 봐주는 showing, characterized by, or
given to indulgence; lenient voluptuous 사치스러운, 향락적인; 호색인, 음탕한
sybarite ↔ ascetic
sycophant [síkəfənt] n. 아첨꾼 : a servile self-seeker who attempts to win favor by flattering
influential people sycophant : obsequious :: narcissist : self absorbed obsequious 아부하는, 비굴한 full of or exhibiting servile compliance;
fawning sycophant : obsequious :: libertine : dissolute dissolute 방종한, 방탕한 lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual
pleasures or vices sycophant : fawn :: miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: pundit : opine :: reprobate : misbehave :: skeptic : doubt (ruffian : tease는 오답) reprobate 불량배 a morally unprincipled person
sycophantic : obsequious :: pontificate : dogmatic (EQUAL) sycophant : obsequiousness :: rival : competition :: extortionist : intimidation :: malcontent : complaint
sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation extortion 강요, 강탈, 착취
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sycophantic : obsequious :: rebellious : insurgent frugal : penurious :: deferent : sycophantic (A << B) querulous : complaint :: sycophantic : flattery sycophant : flatter :: recidivist : relapse
syllabus [síiləbəs] n. 개요, 요지; 시간 배정 : an outline or a summary of the main points of a text,
lecture, or course of study syllabus : course :: agenda : meeting
syllogism [sílədʒìz əm] n. 연역적 추론, 3단 논법 1. (logic) a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a
major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion 2. reasoning from the general to the specific; deduction 3. a subtle or specious piece of reasoning
remonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove remonstrance 항의, 항변; 충고, 타이름
sylvan [sílvən] a. 숲의, 숲에 사는, 수목으로 이루어진 n. 숲의 요정 1. relating to or characteristic of woods or forest regions. 2. located in or inhabiting a wood or forest. 3. abounding in trees; wooded. n. one that lives in or frequents the woods.
sylvan : forest :: fluvial : river :: sidereal : star :: terrestrial : earth :: arboreal : tree
symbiosis [sìmbaióusis] n. 공생 1. (biology) a close, prolonged association between two or
more different organisms of species that may, but does not necessarily, benefit each member
2. a relationship of mutual benefit or dependence * symbiotic
parity : equivalent :: symbiosis : interdependent symbiosis ↔ agonizing association, unrelated growth symbiotic ↔ independent
symmetry [símetri, -mi-] n. 칭; 균형, 평형, 조화 symmetry ↔ disproportion
sympathetic [sìmpəθétik] a. 동정적인 1. of, expressing, feeling, or resulting from sympathy 2. favorable inclined 3. agreeably suited to one's disposition or mood; congenial
callous ↔ sympathetic callous (피부가) 굳어진; 무감각한, 냉담한 emotionally hardened;
unfeeling
symphony [símfəni] n. 교향악단, 교향곡 instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet sonnet : poet :: symphony : composer stanza : poem :: movement : symphony symphony : conductor :: film : director exhibition : painting :: concert : symphony
synchronous [síŋkrənəs] v. 동시에 일어나는, 동시 의 1. occurring or existing at the same time 2. moving or operating at the same rate 3. a. having identical periods b. having identical period and
phase synchronous ↔ uncontemporary, occurring at different times, out-of-phase contemporaneous 동시에 발생한, 동시 의
synergic [sinə ːrdʒik] a. 협력의; 상승 작용의 : COOPERATING
1. of or relating to synergy 2. producing or capable of producing synergy
synergic ↔ antagonistic
synergy n. 협력 작용, 상승효과
1. the interaction of two or more agents or forces so that their combined effect is greater than she sum of their individual effects
2. cooperative interaction among groups, especially among the acquired subsidiaries or merged parts of a corporation, that creates an enhanced combined effect
synonymous a. 동의어인, 뜻이 같은 1. having the same or a similar meaning 2. equivalent in connotation
synonymous : meaning :: interchangeable : function
synopsis [sinɑ psis / -nɔ p-] n. 개요 : ABSTRACT : a brief outline or general view, as of a subject or written
work; an abstract or a summary synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity distillate 증류액; 정수
synopsis : condensed :: appendix : supplementary abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative synopsis ↔ protraction protract to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong
synoptic ↔ protracted
synthesis [sínθəsis] n. 합성 1. the combining of separate elements or substances to form
a coherent whole 2. the complex whole so formed
synthesis ↔ analysis
synthesize [sínθəsàiz] v. 종합하다, 합성하다 1. to combine so as to form a new, complex product 2. to form or produce by chemical synthesis
synthesize ↔ break into parts, take apart, fragment fragment 산산조각이 되다, ~을 산산이 부수다
systematic [sistəmǽtik] a.체계적인, 규칙적인; 계획성 있는, 꼼꼼한 1. of, characterized by, based on, or constituting a system 2. carried on using step-by-step procedures 3. purposefully regular; methodical 4. of or relating to classification or taxonomy systematic ↔ haphazard
T tacit [tǽsit] a. 무언의, 잠잠한; 암묵의, 넌지시 내비치는
1. not spoken 2. implied by or inferred from actions or statements
tacit : infer :: encoded : decode, decipher tacit ↔ expressly stated, directly expressed, explicit, communicative stipulation ↔ tacit requirement stipulation 규정, 명기; 계약, 약정
taciturn [ǽsətə ːrn] a. 말없는, 과묵한; 무뚝뚝한 : habitually untalkative
taciturn : chatter :: insufferable : tolerate :: magnanimous : begrudge begrudge 부러워하다, 시샘하다; (남에게 주기를) 꺼리다, 아까워하다
taciturn : talk, word :: stingy : money (A=B를 거의 (소비)하지 않는) expansive, glib, prolix, loquacious, verbose, voluble ↔ taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent, withdrawn, limited glib 지껄이는, 입심 좋은; 경쾌한 reticent 말이 적은, 과묵한; 삼가는, 신중한
verbosity, volubility, windbag ↔ taciturnity windbag 공기 주머니, 풀무; 수다쟁이
taciturn ↔ talkative, prolix, garrulous, loquacious taciturnity ↔ garrulousness
tackle [tǽk-əl] n. 도르래 장치
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bolster : support :: tackle : hoist hoist (도르래로) 끌어 올리다
tacky [tǽki] a. 끈적끈적한, 저속한, 초라한, 불쾌한 1. slightly adhesive or gummy to the touch; sticky 2. neglected and in a state of disrepair
tackiness : adhesive :: sharpness : scalpel tacky ↔ appropriate, seemly, genteel, proper
tact [tækt] n. 약삭빠름, 재치 : acute sensitivity to what is proper and appropriate in
dealing with others, including the ability to speak or act without offending
tact : offensive :: money : poor (LACK) gaffe : tactless :: (CHARACTER)
tactile [tǽktil, -tail] a. 촉각의, 만져서 알 수 있는 : TANGIBLE 1. a. perceptible to the sense of touch; tangible b. characterized by or conveying an illusion of tangibility 2. used for feeling 3. of, relating to, or proceeding from the sense of touch;
tactual tactile : touch :: affective : emotion affective 감정의, 감정을 나타내는; 정서의
tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion sentient [sénʃənt] 감각이 있는, 느낄 수 있는
tactless [tǽktlis] a. 요령 없는, 서투른 : lacking or exhibiting a lack of tact; bluntly inconsiderate
or indiscreet gaffe : tactless :: obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend savvy ↔ tactless savvy 지식이 있는, 현명한 well informed and perceptive; shrewd
tadpole [tǽdpoul] n. 올챙이 tadpole : frog :: caterpillar : butterfly
tag [tæg] n. 꼬리표 tag : identify :: canopy : cover canopy 닫집, 차양
taint [teint] v.t. 더럽히다, 오염시키다; 타락시키다, 손상시키다 : CORRUPT
1. to affect with or as if with a disease 2. to affect with decay or putrefaction; spoil 3. to corrupt morally 4. to affect with a tinge of something reprehensible
taint ↔ integrity, wholesomeness, purity tainted ↔ commendable, unspoiled, wholesome, pristine, unadulterated, unblemished, uncontaminated, wholesome blemish 더럽히다, 손상시키다 to mar or impair by a flaw
talisman [tǽlismən, -iz-] n. 부적 1. an object marked with magic signs and believed to
confer on its bearer supernatural powers or protection 2. something that apparently has magic power
incantation : utterance :: talisman : object (A is a kind of B+마술적인 뉘앙스) incantation 주문; 마법, 마술 Ritual recitation of verbal charms or
spells to produce a magic effect.
talon [tǽlən] n. (맹금의) 발톱 talon : eagle :: claw : panther panther 퓨마, 표범
tame [teim] a. 길들여진; 유순한; 활기 없는, 지루한 : INSIPID 1. brought from wildness into a domesticated or tractable
state 2. naturally unafraid; not timid
3. submissive; docile; fawning 4. insipid; flat 5. sluggish; languid; inactive
tame : tractable :: tame ↔ fortify, strengthen tame ↔ racy, wild, unmanageable racy 활기찬; 풍미가 있는, 향기로운
tamper [tǽmpəːr] vi. 어설프게 만져 다, 쓸데없이 간섭하다 1. to interfere in a harmful manner 2. to tinker with rashly or foolishly 3. to engage in improper or secret dealings, as in an effort to
influence tamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate
tangential [tǽndʒ-ənt] a. 거의 관계가 없는, 약간 닿을 뿐인, 주제를 벗어난; 접선의; 스칠 정도의; (이야기 등이) 곁길로 새는, 탈선적인
1. of, relating to, or moving along or in the direction of a tangent
2. merely touching or slightly connected 3. only superficially relevant; divergent: a tangential remark
tangential ↔ essential, central, vital, elemental
tangible [tǽndʒəb-əl] a. 만져서 알 수 있는; 명백한 : PALPABLE 1. a. discernible by the touch; palpable b. possible to touch c. possible to be treated as fact; real or concrete 2. possible to understand or realize
initial, incipient : realized :: tangible : indefinite (OPPOSITE) (moribund : dead 관계는 오답) incipient 시작의, 초기의, 발단의 beginning to exist or appear
tangible ↔ unable to perceive, indefinite, immaterial
tang [tæŋ] n. 톡 쏘는 맛, 특유의 맛; 특성, 기미, 풍미 1. a distinctively sharp taste, flavor, or odor, as that of
orange juice 2. a distinctive quality that adds piquancy 3. a trace, hint, or smattering 4. a sharp point, tongue, or prong
tangy [tǽŋi] a. 냄새가 톡 쏘는 tangy ↔ bland
tantalize [tǽntəlàiz] v. 애타게 하여 괴롭히다, 감질나게 하다 : to excite (another) by exposing something desirable while
keeping it out of reach tease : tantalize :: tantalize ↔ comfort, console, solace, alleviate, assuage, ease, relieve, satiate, disgust, repulse, disenchant, compliment, respect
tantamount [tǽntəmàunt] a. 동등한 : equivalent in effect of value
tantamount ↔ incommensurate, different, not equivalent, opposite, unequal, incomparable, unmatching commensurate 같은 양/크기의; 비례한, 균형이 잡힌
tantrum [tǽntrəm] n. 울화, 역정 : a fit of bad temper
tantrum ↔ pacification
taper [téipəːr] vi. 끝이 점점 가늘어지다; 점점 줄어들다 1. to become gradually narrower or thinner toward one end 2. to diminish or lessen gradually
abate : intensity :: taper : width
tapestry [tǽpistri] n. 줄무늬 양탄자 : a heavy cloth woven with rich, often varicolored designs or
scenes, usually hung on walls for decoration and sometimes used to cover furniture
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chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy :: filigree : delicacy chiaroscuro 명암의 배합; 명암 조법
tardy [tɑ ːrdi] a. 느린, 더딘 : LATE, SLUGGISH 1. occurring, arriving, acting, or done after the scheduled,
expected, or usual time; late 2. moving slowly; sluggish
tardy : prompt :: guile : naif, naive :: fatigue : tireless (OPPOSITE)
tarnish [tɑ ːrniʃ] v. 흐리게 하다, 변색시키다; 손상시키다 1. to dull the luster of; discolor, especially by exposure to
air or dirt 2. a. to detract from or spoil; taint b. to cast aspersions on
luster : tarnish :: abate : strength (strength : reinforce는 오답) silver : tarnish :: iron : rust tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth vitrify 유리질로 바꾸다 to change or make into glass or a glassy
substance
tarpaulin [tɑːrpɔ ːlin] n. 방수 시트 1. material, such as waterproofed canvas, used to cover
and protect things from moisture 2. a sheet of this material
tarpaulin : protect :: lock : secure (hinge : fasten은 오답) tarpaulin : protection :: caveat : precaution caveat [kéiviæt] 경고, 주의; 절차 정지 신청의 예고
tarpaulin : covering :: raincoat : garment
tasty [téisti] a. 맛있는, 식욕을 돋우는; 재미있는 1. having a pleasing flavor; savory 2. having or showing good taste; tasteful
tasty ↔ uninteresting, insipid
tatty [tǽti] a. 천박한, 촌스러운, 초라한 : SHABBY : somewhat worn, shabby, or dilapidated
tatty ↔ smart(말쑥한, 멋진, 단정한), tidy, dapper, valuable, fresh
taunt [tɔːnt, tɑːnt] v. 비웃다; 비웃어 ∼하게 하다 1. to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or contemptuous
manner 2. to drive or incite (a person) by taunting
taunt : insult :: flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge (A는 B의 성격을 지님) flout 경멸하다, 멸시하다 to show contempt for; scorn
taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit (A는 B를 목적으로 하는 수단)
taut [tɔːt] a. 팽팽한; 긴장된; 말쑥한, 정연한 1. pulled or drawn tight; not slack 2. strained; tense 3. a. kept in trim shape; neat and tidy
b. marked by the efficient, sparing, and concise use of something, such as language or detail
slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength dilute 묽게 하다
taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu (OPPOSITE) purlieu [pə :rlju:] 변두리, 교외, 빈민가; 자주 가는 장소
loosen, slacken, floppy ↔ tauten taut ↔ slack, lax, loose, unfirm, negligent, floppy
tawdry [tɔ ːdri] a. 화려하고 싸구려 같은 : gaudy and cheap in nature or appearance
tawdry : garment :: grandiloquence : language garment 의류 한점 an article of clothing
tawdriness ↔ sophistication, nicety tawdry ↔ elegant, refined, exquisite exquisite 아름다운, 훌륭한; 완벽한; 우아한, 세련된
taxing [tǽksiŋ] a. 부담스러운, 성가신 : ONEROUS, WEARING : burdensome; wearing onerous troublesome or oppressive;
burdensome taxing ↔ light, easy
taxonomy [tæksánəmi|-sɔ n-] n. 분류학/법 1. the classification of organisms in an ordered system that
indicates natural relationships 2. the science, laws, or principles of classification;
systematics 3. division into ordered groups or categories
taxonomist : classify :: carpenter : build
tear [tɛəːr] v. 찢다, 뜯어내다 1. to pull apart or into pieces by force; rend 2. to make (an opening) by ripping 3. to lacerate (the skin, for example) 4. to separate forcefully; wrench 5. to divide or disrupt
tear ↔ tether, yoke, attach, fix, clinch, bolt tether [téðər] (밧줄로) 매다; 속박하다 to fasten or restrict with or as
if with a tether
tease [tiːz] v.t. 괴롭히다, 귀찮게 조르다 : to annoy or make fun of someone persistently
tease : tantalize :: tantalize 감질나게 하여 괴롭히다
tedious [tíːdiəs] a. 지루한, 진부한 : BORING : tiresome by reason of length, slowness, or dullness
tedious : energy :: disturbing : composure (A lack B) discompose : pacific :: engage : tedious tedious ↔ entertaining, absorbing, stimulating, interesting tedium ↔ excitement
teem [tiːm] v. 풍부하다 : to be full of things; abound or swarm
teem ↔ be short, be scarce, lacking, want, need
teeter [tíːtəːr] v. 망설이다, 동요하다, 시소 타다 : WOBBLE 1. to walk or move unsteadily or unsurely; totter 2. to alternate, as between opposing attitudes or positions;
vacillate 3. to seesaw
wobble 비틀거리다, 건들거리다; 동요하다 totter 비척거리다; 흔들리다, 위기에 놓이다
teeter ↔ stabilize
teetotaler : one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages
* teetotalism n. teetotalism ↔ intemperance
telling [téliŋ] a. 효과적인 : EFFECTIVE, EXPRESSIVE : having force and producing a striking effect
telling ↔ not effective, unconvincing, impotent, ineffective, meaningless
temerity [təmérəti] n. 무모, 만용 : RASHNESS : foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness
alacrity : apathetic :: temerity : timid (OPPOSITE) temerity : diffidence :: (OPPOSITE) fervor : dispassionate :: temerity : timid temerity ↔ circumspection, cautious approach, pusillanimity, timidity, caution, prudence pusillanimity 겁 많은, 소심한, 우유부단 pusillanimous; lacking courage; cowardly
temperate [témp-ərit] a. 절제하는, 삼가는; (기후 등이) 온화한 1. exercising moderation and self-restraint 2. moderate in degree or quality; restrained 3. characterized by moderate temperatures, weather, or
climate; neither hot nor cold
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* temperance 중용, 절도, 자제, 절제, 금주(sobriety) * temper v. 부드럽게 하다, 누그러뜨리다, 진정시키다
wantonness ↔ temperance frivolousness ↔ temperance, grandeur temperance ↔ luxury, profligacy, indulgence, debauchery, wantonness, impatience, excess
objectivity : partisan :: temperance : reprobate reprobate 불량배, 타락한, 책망하다 teetotalism ↔ intemperance temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist tenacious 집착하는; 고집 센
harangue ↔ speak temperately harangue 열변을 토하다
temperate ↔ dissolute, immodest, extreme, frivolous, immoderate temper ↔ aggravate
tempestuous [tempéstʃuəs] a. 비바람이 거센; 격렬한, 흉포한 1. of, relating to, or resembling a tempest 2. tumultuous; stormy
tempestuous ↔ serene
temporize [témpəràiz] v. 우물쭈물하다, 결단을 내리지 않다; 시세에 따르다
1. to act evasively in order to gain time, avoid argument, or postpone a decision
2. to engage in discussions or negotiations, especially os as to achieve a compromise or gain time
3. to yield to current circumstances or necessities; act to suit the time
temporizing ↔ unwilling to compromise
tenable [ténəb-əl] a. 방어/지지할 수 있는 : DEFENSIBLE, REASONABLE
1. capable of being maintained in argument; rationally defensible
2. capable of being held against assault; defensible ineluctable, inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend ineluctable 피할 수 없는, 불가피한 not to be avoided or escaped;
inevitable tenable ↔ unjustified, unjustifiable, unsound, indefensible, unsupportable, specious, fallacious, fallible, undefended fallacious 현혹시키는, 허위의 fallible 잘못을 저지르기 쉬운 capable of making an error; tending
or likely to be erroneous
tenacious [tənéiʃəs] a. 몹시 집착하는, 고집 센 1. holding or tending to hold persistently to something,
such as a point of view 2. holding together firmly; cohesive 3. clinging to another object or surface; adhesive 4. tending to retain; retentive
* tenacity n. beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry insouciant 무관심한 marked by blithe unconcern; nonchalant
tenacious ↔ irresolute, negotiable, tractable, yielding tenacity ↔ vacillation, indifference, slackness, self-doubt
tendentious, tendencious [tendénʃəs] a. 특정 입장을 옹호하
는 경향이 있는, 선전적인 : BIASED : marked by a strong implicit point of view; partisan
tendentious : objective :: (OPPOSITE) tendentious ↔ unbiased, unprejudiced, disinterested, objective tendency ↔ loathing
tender [tendə:r] a. 부드러운 v. 제출/제공하다; 접하다 : to offer formally 형. 1. a. easily crushed or bruised; fragile
b. easily chewed or cut 2. young and vulnerable 3. frail; delicate 4. sensitive to frost or severe cold; not hardy 5. a. easily hurt; sensitive b. painful; sore 6. a. considerate and protective; solicitous
b. characterized by or expressing gentle emotions; loving c. given to sympathy or sentimentality; soft
tender ↔ hard-bitten, hardy, insensitive hard-bitten 완고한, 단단히 단련된 tender ↔ resist, retain, retract, withdraw, withhold, disengage, withhold with consideration
tendinous [téndənəs] a. 힘줄의 : SINEWY tendinous : sinewy :: (EQUAL) sinewy [sínjui] 힘줄의, 건장한; 힘찬, 활발한 strong and vigorous
tentative [téntətiv] a. 일시적인; 머뭇거리는, 자신 없는 HESITANT, UNCERTAIN
1. not fully worked out, concluded, or agreed on; provisional 2. uncertain; hesitant
pontificate ↔ speak tentatively
tenuous [ténjuəs] adj. 희박한/미미한 : thin, slender, rare, rarefied, meager, flimsy
: If you describe something such as a connection, a reason, or someone's position as tenuous, you mean that it is very uncertain or weak.
tenuous ↔ substantial
tepid [tépid] a. 열의 없는, 뜨뜻미지근한 : LUKEWARM 1. moderately warm; lukewarm 2. lacking in emotional warmth or enthusiasm; halfhearted
lukewarm 미지근한; 무관심한, 개의치 않는 tepid ↔ fevered, ardent, feverish, ebullient tepidity ↔ ardor
terminology [tə ːrmənɑ lədʒi / -nɔ l-] n. 전문용어 1. the vocabulary of technical terms used in a particular field,
subject, science, or art; nomenclature 2. the study of nomenclature
nomenclature 명명법, 학명; 전문어 terminology : language :: uniform : clothing (A ∈ B) (physiology : body는 오답)
terminus [tə ːrmənəs] n. 말단, 종단; 종착역, 종점; 경계, 한계 : TERMINAL 1. the final point; the end 2. an end point on a transportation line or the town in which
it is located 3. a. a boundary or border
b. a stone or post marking a border inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation (OPPOSITE) inception 시초, 개시; 학위 수여식 matriculation ( 학의) 입학 허가
terminus : stop :: epilogue : story outset ↔ termination sustain ↔ terminate
terror [térəːr] n. 소름 끼치는 공포 1. intense, overpowering fear 2. one that instills intense fear 3. the ability to instill intense fear 4. violence committed or threatened by a group to intimidate
or coerce a population, as for military or political purposes apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) terror : fear :: craving : desire (A >> B)
terse [təːrs] a. 간결한 : brief and to the point; effectively concise
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terseness : voluble :: transitory : permanence abandon : inhibition :: volubility : terseness (OPPOSITE) abandon 방종, 탐닉, 자유분방함
terse ↔ lengthy, prolix, wordy, verbose, windy
testator [tésteitəːr, ---] n. 유언자 : one who has made a legally valid will before death
heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator heirloom [ɛ ərlù:m] 세습 재산
testify [téstəfai] v. 증언/증명하다; 선서 증언을 하다(declare on oath)
1. to make a declaration of truth or fact under oath; submit testimony
2. to express or declare a strong belief, especially to make a declaration of faith
3. to make a statement based on personal knowledge in support of an asserted fact; bear witness
4. to serve as evidence testified ↔ unjustified
testimonial [tèstəmóuniəl] n. 증명서; 감사장 1. a statement in support of a particular truth, fact, or claim 2. a written affirmation of another's character or worth; a
personal recommendation 3. something given in appreciation of a persons's service or
achievement; a tribute testimonial : appreciation :: confession : culpability (A express B) culpable; deserving of blame or censure as being wrong, evil,
improper, or injurious
testimony [téstəmòuni / -məni] n. 증언, 증거 1. a. a declaration by a witness under oath, as that given
before a court or deliberative body b. all such declarations, spoken or written, offered in a legal case or deliberative hearing
2. evidence in support of a fact or an assertion; proof a public declaration regarding a religious expression
calumny : assertion, representation :: perjury : testimony (OPPOSITE) calumny 명예 훼손, 중상, 비방 perjury 위증(죄); 허위
testy [tésti] a. 성 잘 내는, 성깔 있는 : IRRITABLE : irritated, impatient, or exasperated; peevish
testy : annoy :: tractable : control, teach testy ↔ good-humored, humorous, unable to irritate, affable, imperturbable, amiable, pleasant, easygoing
testiness ↔ imperturbability, patience
tether [téðəːr] n. 밧줄, 사슬; 한계, 범위 v. 묶어두다, 속박하다 1. a rope or chain for holding an animal in place, allowing it
a short radius in which to move about 2. the extent or limit of one's resources, abilities, or
endurance to fasten or restrict with or as if with a tether tether ↔ detach, loose, tear
theatric, theatrical [θiǽtrik-əl] a. 연극의; 부자연스러운, 거짓
의; 과장된 n. (특히 비전문적 극단의) 연극 공연 1. of, relating to, or suitable for dramatic performance or
the theater 2. marked by exaggerated self-display and unnatural
behavior; affectedly dramatic theatrical ↔ natural, cherubic, sober, restrained, professional, understated sober 술 취하지 않은; 착실한, 침착한; 수수한, 소박한; 과장되지
않은, 그 로의 theatricals ↔ professional
theology [θiːɑ lədʒi / -ɔ l-] n. 신학
conservatory : music :: seminary : theology seminary 신학교
therapeutic [θèrəpjúːtik] a. 치료의 : having or exhibiting healing powers
therapeutic : hospital :: illuminating : school therapeutic : injure :: therapeutic, harmless, healing, adventageous, beneficial, benign ↔ injurious
thorny [θɔ ːrni] a. 가시밭길의; 괴롭히는, 어려운 1. full of or covered with thorns 2. spiny 3. painfully controversial; vexatious
thorny : difficult :: equivocal : ambiguous thorny ↔ smooth, refined, unproblematical
thoroughgoing [θə ro:ug`ouiŋ] a. 철저한; 전적인, 완전한
(complete, unqualified) 1. very thorough; complete 2. unmitigated; unqualified
thoroughgoing ↔ cursory, imcomplete, partial, shallow, slipshod, superficial, unthorough, careless
thralldom [θrɔːldəm] n. 속박 : a state of servitude or submission : a state of complete absorption
thralldom ↔ independence
threadbare [θrédbɛ əːr] a. 낡은, 닳아빠진; 진부한, 케케묵은 1. having the nap worn down so that the filling or warp
thread show through; frayed or shabby 2. wearing old, shabby clothing 3. overused to the point of being worn out; hackneyed
shabby 초라한, 누더기를 걸친; 닳아 해진; 추레한; 비열한, 인색한 threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness
thrive [θraiv] vi. 번영하다 : FLOURISH 1. to make steady progress; prosper 2. to grow vigorously; flourish
grow : thrive :: move : bustle languish, fail, languor ↔ thrive languish 시들다, 쇠약해지다 languor 쇠약; 무기력, 권태
wizened ↔ thriving wizen [wízən] 시들다 to dry up; wither or shrivel shrivel 주름지다, 주어들다, 시들다
throng [θrɔ(ː)ŋ, θrɑŋ] vi. 떼 지어 모여들다;쇄도하다; 북적거리
게 하다, 채우다 n. 1. a large group of people gathered or crowded closely
together; a multitude 2. a large group of things; a host
protract : length :: throng : number throng : denseness ::
thunderous [θʌ ndərəs] adj. 우레를 일으키는, 우레 같은 thunderous : noisy :: thunderous : sound :: brilliant : light thunderous ↔ settled, moderate, faint, weak (pleasant는 오답)
thwart [θwɔːrt] v. 훼방 놓다, 방해하다 1. to prevent the occurrence, realization, or attainment of 2. to oppose and defeat the efforts, plans, or ambitions of
oppose : thwart :: treat : cure (EQUAL) thwart, impede ↔ abet, support, aid (effectively), enable, foster, bolster, foment, facilitate, stir up, assist, implement
ticklish [tíkliʃ] a. 간지러운, 간지러움을 잘 타는; (문제, 사람 등이) 까다로운; 신경질적인
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1. sensitive to tickling 2. easily offended or upset; touchy 3. requiring skillful or tactful handling; delicate
pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend ticklish ↔ imperturbable, impervious, calm
tidy [táidi] a. 정돈된, 말쑥한 : orderly and neat in appearance or procedure
sloven ↔ tidy sloven 단정치 못한 사람 one who is habitually careless in personal
appearance or work
tiff [tif] n. 가벼운 입씨름, 승강이; 언짢음, 역정 : SPAT 1. a fit of irritation 2. a petty quarrel
tiff : squabble :: foible : failing (A << B) squabble 쓸데없는 말다툼을 하다 foible 사소한 약점, 결점; 칼의 약한 부분
offense, crime : peccadillo :: quarrel : tiff
tightfisted [táitfístid] a. 인색한 close-fisted; stingy tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous (EQUAL) brat (경멸적) 꼬마 a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one mischievous 해를 끼치는; 장난기 어린; 짓궂은, 말썽을 부리는
timeless [táimlis] a. 영원(무한)한, 시 를 초월한 timeless : dated :: pristine : sullied (OPPOSITE) timeless ↔ transitory timeless ↔ dated
timeworn [táimwɔ ːrn] a. 오래된, 진부한 : HACKNEYED 1. showing the effects of long use or wear 2. used too often; trite
threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness :: convoluted : simplicity
timeworn ↔ novel
timid [tímid] a. 소심한, 내성적인 1. lacking self-confidence; shy 2. fearful and hesitant * timidity
self-confident : timid :: open : shy (OPPOSITE) timidity : dauntless :: taciturnity : talkative (A에는 B가 없는) timidity : dauntless : garrulity : taciturn timid ↔ stalwart, dauntless, fearless, valiant, brash, swaggering, unabashed
timorous [tím-ərəs] a. 겁 많은, 소심한 : FEARFUL : full of apprehensiveness; timid
timorous : intrepidity :: (OPPOSITE) timorous : confrontation :: timorous ↔ intrepid, scrappy, stalwart, unflinching, valiant, brash, swaggering, unabashed intrepid 두려움을 모르는, 담한 resolutely courageous; fearless scrappy 싸우기 좋아하는, 공격적인 stalwart 건장한, 튼튼한; 굳센, 확고한 unflinching 끄떡 않는, 단호한(steadfast, resolute) showing neither
fear nor indecision; resolute
tincture [tíŋk ər] n. 팅크제 ; 기미 (흔적); 엷은 색 v. 엷게 착색
하다, 염색하다 tincture : stain :: caustic : burn
tine [tain] n. (포크 등의) 날카로운 갈래 tine : fork :: tooth : saw
tinge [tindʒ] v.t. 엷은 색조를 띠다; 기미를 풍기다 : TINT 1. to apply a trace of color to; tint 2. to affect slightly, as with a contrasting quality
tinged ↔ colorless tinge ↔ bleach, blanch, discolor
tinker [tíŋkəːr] v. 땜질하다; 어설프게 고치다 : to make unskilled or experimental efforts at repair; fiddle
tinker : adjust :: scribble : write
tint [tint] n. 엷은 빛깔 v. 엷은 빛깔을 내다, 엷은 빛깔이 나다 1. a shade of a color, especially a pale or delicate variation 2. a gradation of a color made by adding white to it to lessen
its saturation 3. a slight coloration; a tinge 4. a barely detectable amount or degree; a trace
tint : suffuse :: amble : wander (A << B) suffuse 뒤덮다, 가득차게 하다 to spread through or over, as with
liquid, color, or light
tirade [táireid, tiréid] n. 장광설 : a long angry or violent speech, usually of a censorious or
denunciatory nature; a diatribe anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole :: burlesque : mockery tirade ↔ dispassionate speech
tireless 지칠 줄 모르는, 한결 같은 tireless : fatigue (B에는 A가 없는) :: naïve : guile
titanic [titǽnik] adj. 거 (강력)한 titanic ↔ puny
tizzy [tízi] n. 흥분한(이성을 잃은) 상태
toady [tóudi] n. 아첨꾼 : SYCOPHANT : a person who flatters or defers to others for self-serving
reasons recluse : solitude :: toady : favor toady : flatter :: (EQUAL)
toil [t il] n. 노력, 수고 v. ~에 힘써 일하다, ~을 꾸준히(열심히) 하다 toil ↔ laze
token [tóuk-ən] n. 용 화폐 1. something serving as an indication, a proof , or an
expression of something else; a sign 2. something that signifies or evidences authority, validity, or
identity 3. a distinguishing feature or characteristic 4. one that represents a group, as an employee whose
presence is used to deflect from the employer criticism or accusations of discrimination
5. a keepsake or souvenir 6. a piece of stamped metal used as a substitute for currency
token : exchange :: clamp : compression (A는 B의 기능을 하는 도구)
tolerant [tálərənt|tɔ l-] a. 관 한, 아량 있는; (약에) 내성이 있는 1. inclined to tolerate the beliefs, practices, or traits of
others; forbearing 2. able to withstand or endure an adverse environmental
condition bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency inure 익숙케 하다; 단련하다
posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant bigoted : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan (OPPOSITE) tolerant ↔ stringent, rigorous, demanding
tong [tɔ(ː)ŋ, tɑ ŋ] v. 집게를 쓰다 : to seize, hold, or manipulate with tongs
tong : seize :: tongs : grasping :: reel : winding
tongue-tied [tʌ ŋtaid] adj. (사람이) (수치, 당황, 놀람으로) 입이 안
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떨어지는 tongue-tied ↔ articulate
tonic [tɑ nik] n. 강장제 : REFRESHING 1. an agent, such as a medication, that restores or
increases body tone 2. an invigorating, refreshing, or restorative agent or
influence conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate, stimulate :: analgesic : deaden
tonic ↔ enfeebling, draining, debilitating
tonsorial [tɑnsɔ ːriəl / tɔn-] a. 이발(사)의 : of or relating to barbering or a barber
tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel
toot [tuːt] v. 뚜우 울리다 : to sound a short blast : to sound a note or call suggesting the short blast of a
wind instrument toot : blast :: ?????? (<<)
toothsome [tú: sem] adj. (음식이) 맛있는, (사물이) 괜찮은, 바람직
한, 성적 매력이 있는 1. delicious; luscious: a toothsome pie. 2. pleasant; attractive: a toothsome offer. 3. sexually attractive or exciting
toothsome ↔ uncomely
topsoil [tuːt] 표토, 표면 : the upper part of the soil
topsoil : erode :: paint : peel (A가 B되다)
topple [tɑ p-əl / tɔ p-əl] v. 쓰러지다, 몰락시키다 : to fall from or as if from being top-heavy
topple : stable :: topple ↔ build, place, withstand, rise
topsy-turvy [tɑ psitə ːrvi / tɔ p-] a. 거꾸로의,뒤죽박죽의,혼란한, 엉망이 된 1. with the top downward and the bottom up; upside-down 2. in a state of utter disorder or confusion
topsy-turvy ↔ tranquil
tornado [t :rnéidou] n. 토네이도, 선풍; 격발, 폭발 tornado : air :: whirlpool : water
torpid [tɔ ːrpid] a. 둔한, 활발치 못한 1. deprived of the power of motion or feeling; benumbed 2. dormant; hibernating 3. lethargic; apathetic
torpid ↔ vivacious, responsive, arduous, ardent, ebullient, animated ebullient 열광적인; 끓어오르는 animated 생기발랄한, 기운찬
torpor [tɔ ːrpəːr] n. 무기력, 무감각; 휴면 상태 1. a state or mental or physical inactivity or insensibility 2. lethargy; apathy 3. the dormant, inactive state of a hibernating or estivating
animal sluggish : torpor :: aloof : reserve torpor : iciness :: iciness 차가움; 쌀쌀한 태도, 냉담함
torpor ↔ zeal, animation, alert, ardor, ebullience, extreme excitability, vigilance, vivacity
torque [to:rk] n. 비틀림 모멘트; 회전력 1. the moment of a force; the measure of a force's tendency
to produce torsion and rotation about an axis, equal to the vector product of the radius vector from the axis of
rotation to the point of application of the force 2. a turning or twisting force
torque : rotation :: tension : elongation
torrential [tɔːrénʃ-əl] a. 억수 같은, 격렬한 1. resembling, flowing in, or forming torrents 2. resulting from the action of fast-flowing streams 3. flowing or surging abundantly; wild
torrential ↔ trickling trickle 조금씩 흐르다, 방울로 흐르다; 삼삼오오 오가다
torrid [tɔ ːrid, tɑ r- / tɔ r-] a. 타는 듯한, 작열하는; 열렬한 : ARDENT 1. parched with the heat of the sun; intensely hot 2. scorching; burning 3. passionate; ardent 4. hurried; rapid
torrid ↔ arctic, icy, frigid, tepid torridness ↔ frigidity
tortuous [tɔ ːrtʃuəs] a. 구불구불한; 솔직하지 못한, 에두르는 : TRICKY, CIRCUITOUS
1. having or marked by repeated turns or bends; winding or twisting
2. not straightforward; circuitous; devious 3. highly involved; complex
tortuous ↔ direct, straightforward, forthright (benevolent는 오답)
totter [tɑ tər|tɔ t-] v. 비척거리다; 흔들리다, 위기에 놓이다 1. a. to sway as if about to fall b. to appear about to collapse 2. to walk unsteadily or feebly; stagger
touchy [tʌ t∫i] a. 성마른; 과민한; 다루기 힘든 1. tending to take offense with slight cause; oversensitive 2. requiring special tact or skill in handling; delicate 3. highly sensitive to touch 4. easily ignited; flammable
quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive (A >> B)
tourniquet [túəːrnikit] n. 지혈 도구 tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : motion :: dam : flooding :: moratorium : activity
tout [taut] v. 성가시게 조르다; 열렬히 선전/칭찬하다 1. to solicit or importune 2. to obtain or sell information on (a racehorse or stable) for
the guidance of bettors 3. to promote or praise energetically; publicize
tout ↔ deprecate, denounce, cast aspersions on, criticize, impugn, oppose aspersion 비방, 중상
toxin [tɑ ksin / tɔ k-] n. 독소 toxin ↔ innocuous substance toxic ↔ beneficial
toward [təwɔ :rd] a. 바야흐로 일어나려는; 안성맞춤인, 유망한 (promising)
1. favoring success or a good outcome; propitious 2. happening soon; imminent
toward ↔ obdurate
toy [toi] v.만지작거리다, 가지고 놀다,집적거리다;장난삼아 연애하다 1. to amuse oneself idly; trifle 2. to treat something casually or without seriousness
toy ↔ think over seriously
trace [treis] n. 자취/흔적, 소량 : a mark or line left by something that has passed;
FOOTPRINT : a minute and often barely detectable amount or indication
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trace : amount :: sliver : piece sliver n. 가늘고 긴 조각 v. 가늘고 길게 쪼개(지)다
tractable [trǽktəb-əl] a. 다루기 쉬운, 유순한; (금속이) 세공하
기 좋은 : DOCILE 1. easily managed or controlled; governable 2. easily handled or worked; malleable
complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit (OPPOSITE) complaisance 정중함; 공손, 친절
tractable : manage :: squeamish : disgust (A인 사람’을’ B한다) squeamish (꼴사납게) 점잔빼는, 메스꺼운 tractable : manage :: touchy : offend subtle : overlook :: tractable : lead testy : annoy :: tractable : control testy 화를 잘 내는, 성미가 급한 irritated, impatient, or
exasperated; peevish tractable : control :: credulous : cozen cozen 속여 빼앗다, 환심을 사서 자기 것으로 만들다
tame : tractable :: tractable ↔ balky, pertinacious, incorrigible, insubordinate, obstinate, intransigent, headstrong, obdurate, willful, unruly, inflexible, uncooperative balky 고집 센, 말을 안 듣는 pertinacious 고수하는, 끈질긴, 집요한 intransigent 타협하지 않는, 완고한 willful 고집센, 옹고집의
tractability ↔ incorrigibility pliant ↔ intransigent, intractable
trademark [tréidm :rk] n. 상표, 상표권 v.t. 상표를 붙이다, 상표
를 등록하다 trademark : manufacturer :: seal : signatory
traduce [trədjúːs] v. 비방하다 1 : to expose to shame or blame by means of falsehood and
misrepresentation 2 : VIOLATE, BETRAY synonyms see MALIGN
traduce ↔ extol
trail [treil] v. (사람, 짐승 등의) 발자국을 따라가다, ~을 추적하다; 질질 끌다, ~의 뒤를 따라가다
trail ↔ lead
train [trein] v. 훈련시키다; 향하게 하다 1. to coach in or accustom to a mode of behavior or
performances 2. to make proficient with specialized instruction and
practice 3. to prepare physically, as with a regimen 4. to cause (a plant or one's hair) to take a desired course
or shape, as by manipulating 5. to focus on or aim at (a goal, mark, or target); direct
trait [treit] n. 특성, 특징; 일필(一筆), 붓글씨 솜씨; 기운, 기미 : PECULIARITY 1. a distinguishing feature, as of a person's character 2. a stroke with or as if with a pencil b. a slight degree or
amount, as of a quality; a touch or trace
trammel [trǽməl] v. ~의 자유로운 운동을 방해(속박)하다 trammel = entrammel
untrammeled 족쇄를 채우지 않은, 속박되지 않은
trance [træns|trɑ:ns] n. 황홀, 열중; 혼수상태, 인사불성 1. a hypnotic(최면의), cataleptic, or ecstatic state 2. detachment from one's physical surroundings, as in
contemplation or daydreaming 3. a semiconscious state, as between sleeping and waking;
a daze
tranquility [træŋkwíləti] n. 고요, 평안, 냉정 serenity tranquility : agitation :: abandon : inhibition tranquility ↔ ferment, pandemonium ferment 효모, 효소; 불안, 흥분
transcend [trænsénd] v.t. 넘어서다, 초월하다 : OVERCOME 1. to pass beyond the limits of 2. to be greater than, as in intensity or power; surpass 3. to exist above and independent of (material experience or
the universe) ossify ↔ transcend conventions
transfigure [trænsfígjəːr, -fígəːr] v.t. 외형을 바꾸다 1. to alter the outward appearance of; transform 2. to exalt or glorify
transfer : location :: transfigure : aspect (“B(대상) 자체를 변형하면서 A한다)
(transcend : limit은 오답! “C라는 다른 것”이 B(limit)을 A(transcend: to pass beyond the limits of)하는 것)
transfigure : appearance, aspect :: transfer : location
transgress [trænsgrés] v.t. (한도를) 넘다; 어기다, 위반하다 : VIOLATE
1. to go beyond or over (a limit or boundary); exceed or overstep
2. to act in violation of (the law, for example) rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse rectitude 공정, 정직; 똑바름
transgression : morality :: presumption : propriety trespass : boundary :: stray : path :: transgress : rules transgress ↔ obey
transient [trǽnʃənt, -ʒənt, -ziənt] a. 덧없는, 일시의 : TRANSITORY
1. passing with time; transitory 2. remaining in a place only a brief time
opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience (EQUAL, 형 : 명) opportune 적절한, 적당한; 시기적절한
convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience :: transient : evanescence (EQUAL)
transient : vanish :: constant : perpetuate (EQUAL, 형 : 동) transience ↔ permanence, persistence transient ↔ lasting, protracted, perpetual, rooted, eternal, permanent, persistent, enduring, perennial protract; to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong
transition [trænzí∫ən] n. 변화, 변천 1. passage from one form, state, style, or place to another 2. a. passage from one subject to another in discourse
b. a word, phrase, sentence, or series of sentences connecting one part of a discourse to another
transition ↔ persistence, durability, perpetuity
transitory [trǽnsətɔ ːri, -zə- / -t-əri] a. 일시적인 : existing or lasting only a short time; short-lived or
temporary transitory : endure :: immutable : change achromatic : hue :: transitory : permanence transitory ↔ durable, enduring, permanent, perpetual, persistent, protracted
transitoriness ↔ duration, durability, endurance, permanence, perpetuation, perpetuity, persistence
protract; v. 연장하다, 오래 끌게 하다, 연기하다
translucent [trænslúːs-ənt] a. 반투명의; 알기 쉬운, 명쾌한 : CLEAR, LUCID, TRANSPARENT
1. transmitting light but causing sufficient diffusion to prevent perception of distinct images
2. clear; lucid
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slack : tension :: opaque : translucence translucent ↔ opaque, impervious of light, transparent translucence ↔ opacity
transparent [trænspɛ -ərənt] a. 투명한, 알기 쉬운 1. capable of transmitting light so that objects or images
can be seen as if there were no intervening material 2. permeable to electromagnetic radiation of specified
frequencies, as to visible light or radio waves 3. so fine in texture that it can be seen through; sheer 4. a. easily seen through or detected; obvious b. free from
guile; candid or open transparent : understand :: conspicuous : see conspicuous 눈에 잘 띄는, 이목을 끄는
manifest, lucid : perceive :: transparent : understand opacity ↔ transparency transparent ↔ deceitful, delusive, opaque
transpire [trænspáiə:r] v. 증발하다; (일이) 드러나다, 밝혀지다; (비 이) 새다 vi. 1. to become known; come to light 2. to come about; happen or occur 3. to give off vapor containing waste products, as through
animal or plant pores transpire ↔ dampen, moisturize
travail [trəvéil, trǽveil] n. 수고, 노고; 고통, 고민 1. work, especially when arduous or involving painful
effort; toil 2. tribulation or agony; anguish 3. the labor of childbirth
travail ↔ frolic, laze, loaf, dawdle frolic 유쾌한 소동, 까불어댐
traverse [trǽvəːrs, trəvə ːrs] v.t. 가로지르다 : to travel or pass across, over, or through
diverge : apart :: traverse : across (CHARACTER)
travesty [trǽvəsti] n. 희작, 서투른 흉내 1. an exaggerated or grotesque imitation, such as a parody
of a literary work 2. a debased or grotesque likeness
travesty ↔ paragon
treacherous [trétʃ-ərəs] a. 불성실한, 배신하는; 믿을 수 없는 : PERFIDIOUS
1. marked by betrayal of fidelity, confidence, or trust; perfidious
2. not to be relied on; not dependable or trustworthy 3. marked by unforeseen hazards; dangerous or deceptive
treacherousness ↔ faithfulness
treasure [tréʒər] n. 부, 재산, 보배, 귀중품 v. ~을 소중하게 간수하
다, 귀중하게 여기다, 저축하다 n. 1.accumulated or stored wealth in the form of money,
jewels, or other valuables 2. valuable or precious possessions of any kind 3. one considered especially precious or valuable v. 1. to keep or regard as precious; value highly; appreciate 2. to accumulate and store away, as for future use
treasure ↔ dross treasure ↔ disparage, dislike, loathe, disregard
treasurer [tréʒ-ərəːr] n. 회계원 : one who has charge of funds or revenues
treasurer : funds :: secretary : records
treaty [tríːti] n. 조약; 계약, 약정 1. a. a formal agreement between two or more states, as in
reference to terms of peace or trade
b. the document in which such an agreement is set down 2. a contract or an agreement
rectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis rectify 개정하다, 수정하다 1. to set right; correct 2. to correct by calculation or adjustment
tremendous [triméndəs] a. 거 한; 무서운 1. extremely large in amount, extent, or degree; enormous 2. capable of making one tremble; terrible
tremulous [trémjələs] a. 전전긍긍하는, 와들와들 떠는, 무서워하는 1. marked by trembling, quivering, or shaking 2. timid or fearful; timorous
tremulous ↔ bold
trenchant [tréntʃ-ənt] a. 신랄한, 명확한 1. keen; incisive 2. forceful, effective, and vigorous 3. caustic; cutting 4. distinct; clear-cut
trenchant : insipid :: (OPPOSITE) trenchant ↔ vague, dull, ambiguous, insipid
trendsetter [tréndsètəːr] n. 새 유행을 정착시키는 사람 : one that initiates or popularizes a trend
trepidation [trèpədéiʃ-ən] n. 전율, 공포; 당황, 혼란, 동요 : APPREHENSION
1. a state of alarm or dread; apprehension 2. an involuntary trembling or quivering
audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility laconic 간결한; 말이 적은, 무뚝뚝한 using or marked by the use of
few words; terse or concise dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment footloose 아무 곳이나 갈 수 있는, 자유로운
trepidation ↔ aplomb, soberness aplomb 침착, 냉정; 안정 self-confident assurance; poise sober 술 취하지 않은; 착실한; 건전한, 온건한; 수수한, 소박한
dauntless ↔ trepid trepid; timid, timorous
trespass [tréspəs, -pæ s] vi. 불법 침입하다, 위반하다 1. to commit an offense or a sin; transgress or err 2. (law) to commit an unlawful injury to the person, property,
or rights of another, with actual or implied force or violence, especially to enter onto another's land wrongfully
3. to infringe on the privacy, time, or attention of another infringe 어기다, 범하다; 침해하다 to transgress or exceed the limits
of; violate usurp : take :: trespass : enter trespass : boundary :: transgress : rule trespass ↔ obey, undo undo (롱맨) 1. to unfasten something that is tied or wrapped 2. to try to remove the bad effects of something you have done
trial [trái-əl] n. 재판 trial : courthouse :: experiment : laboratory : commerce : emporium :: game : stadium
tribute [tríbjuːt] n. 찬사, 칭찬; 공물, 조세 : ENCOMIUM tribute : praise :: (A=B) tribute ↔ reprobation, denunciation reprobate to disapprove of; condemn
trickle [trík-əl] n. 조금씩 떨어지다; 삼삼오오 오가다 1. to flow or fall in drops or in a thin stream 2. to move or proceed slowly or bit by bit
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blast : whiff :: gush : trickle trickle : gush :: warm : sear sear 표면을 태우다, 그을리다; 무감각하게 하다, 마비시키다
trite [trait] a. 진부한, 낡아빠진 : lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or
repetition trite ↔ unbanal, unhackneyed, fresh, original, novel
trim [trim] adj. 말쑥한 : exhibiting neatness, good order, or compactness of line or
structure trim ↔ messy
trinket [tríŋkit] n. 작은 장신구 : a small ornament (as a jewel or ring)
gadgets : tools :: trinkets : jewelry
trivial [tríviəl] a. 하찮은, 사소한; 흔해빠진 : of little significance or value; ordinary or commonplace
trivial ↔ massive, substantive, grandiose, indispensable trivial matters ↔ important characteristic, main point
trophy [tróufi] n. 트로피 trophy : contestant :: honors : student athlete : trophy :: soldier : medal
troupe [truːp] n. 극단 일행, 일단(一團) : a company or group, especially of touring actors, singers,
or dancers troupe : perform :: chorus : sing orchestra : music :: troupe : drama
truant [trúːənt] n. 꾀부려 쉬는 학생, 태만한 사람 1. one who is absent without permission, especially from
school 2. one who shirks work or duty
truant : dutiful :: (OPPOSITE) truant ↔ dutiful
truce [truːs] n. 전투 중지, 휴전, 정전 1. a temporary cessation or suspension of hostilities by
agreement of the opposing sides; an armistice 2. a respite from a disagreeable state of affairs
truce ↔ resumed fighting
truculent [trʌ kjələnt] a. 잔혹한, 호전적인; 통렬한, 가차 없는 : CRUEL, SAVAGE
1. disposed to fight; pugnacious 2. expressing bitter opposition; scathing 3. disposed to or exhibiting violence or destructiveness;
fierce pugnacious 싸우기 좋아하는 combative in nature; belligerent
truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (OPPOSITE) unregenerate 갱생하지 않는 unrepentant
truculent ↔ gentle, pacific, placid, genial, meek, peaceful, cooperative, amiable, nice, civilized, agreeable, obedient, submissive, pliant
truculence ↔ kindness, benevolence, tranquility
trudge [trʌdʒ] v.t. 터벅터벅 걷다 : to walk in a laborious, heavy-footed way; plod
lug : carry :: trudge : walk lug 질질 끌어서 나르다 to pull something with difficulty
cavort ↔ trudge cavort (말이) 뛰어다니다; 흥청거리다 caper 뛰돌아 다니다, 깡충거리다 romp 떠들며 뛰어놀기; 장난꾸러기
truism [trúːiz-əm] n. 자명한 이치, 뻔한 일
: a self-evident truth truism ↔ unusual observation, complex explanation/method
trumpery [trʌ mpəri] n. 무의미한 말, 허튼 소리; 협잡, 야바위 adj. 겉만 번드러한
1. Showy but worthless finery; bric-a-brac. 2. Nonsense; rubbish. 3. Deception; trickery; fraud.
trumpery ↔ honesty
trumpet [trʌ mpit] n. 트럼펫 trumpet : horn :: tambourine : drum
truncate [trʌ ŋkeit] v. 자르다, 줄이다 1. to shorten by or as if by cutting off 2. to shorten (a number) by dropping one or more digits after
the decimal point 3. to replace (the edge of a crystal) with a plane face
truncate : extent :: simplify : complexity truncate : length :: abridge : duration :: constrict : diameter prolong ↔ truncate
truss [trʌs] n. 트러스 : a rigid framework, as of wooden beams or metal bars,
designed to support a structure, such as a roof truss : support :: ballast : stability
tubby [tʌ bi] a. 뚱뚱한; 둔탁한 소리가 나는 1. short and fat 2. having a dull sound; lacking resonance
tugboat [tʌ gbout] n. 예인선 : a small powerful boat designed for towing or pushing larger
vessels locomotive : flatcar :: tugboat : barge locomotive 기관차 flatcar 무개무측 화차 [지붕과 벽이 없는 화차]
tumult [tjúːmʌlt, -məlt] n. 소란; 폭동, 반란; 흥분, 동요 : COMMOTION
1. the din and commotion of a great crowd 2. a. a disorderly commotion or disturbance b. a tempestuous
uprising; a riot 3. agitation of the mind or emotions * tumultuous adj.
tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive bedlam 소란스러운 곳; 소동, 혼란 a place or situation of noisy
uproar and confusion hive 벌집 (비슷한 것); 바쁜 왕래가 있는 장소
calm : frantic :: serene : tumultuous (OPPOSITE) tumult ↔ placation, placidity, quietude, quiescence, tranquility, serenity tumultuous ↔ serene, tranquil, peaceful
turbid [tə ːrbid] a. 흐린, 탁한; (연기가) 짙은, 자욱한; 혼란스러운, 갈팡질팡하는 : FOUL, MUDDY
1. having sediment or foreign particles stirred up or suspended; muddy
2. heavy, dark, or dense, as smoke or fog 3. in a state of turmoil; muddled
turbulent [tə ːrbjələnt] a. 소란스러운, 사나운 1. violently agitated or disturbed; tumultuous 2. having a chaotic or restless character or tendency 3. causing unrest or disturbance; unruly
turbulent : bedlam :: maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory maelstrom 큰 소용돌이; 혼란, 격동
turbulence ↔ serenity
turgid [tə ːrdʒid] a. 부푼, 팽창한; 과장된 : BOMBASTIC,
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POMPOUS 1. excessively ornate or complex in style or language;
grandiloquent 2. swollen or distended, as from a fluid; bloated
turgid ↔ simple
turmoil [tə ːrmɔil] n. 소란 : a state of extreme confusion or agitation; commotion or
tumult turmoil ↔ tranquility
turncoat [tə ːrnkòut] n. 변절자 : TRAITOR : one who traitorously switches allegiance
bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy :: recluse : companion :: simpleton : sagacity
turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : sagacity sagacity 현명, 기민 the quality of being discerning, sound in
judgment, and farsighted; wisdom constancy ↔ turncoat
turpitude [tə ːrpitjùːd] n. 비열함 : DEPRAVITY, BASENESS 1. depravity; baseness 2. a base act
turpitude ↔ saintly behavior, probity
turquoise [t ə :rkw iz|-kwɑ:z] n. 터키석 gem : turquoise :: flower : violet
turret [t ʌ rit] n. 작은 탑; 포탑 castle : turret :: sea : beacon
tutor [tjúːtəːr] n. 가정 교사 : a person charged with the instruction and guidance of
another
twig [twig] n. 작은 가지 1. a young shoot representing the current season's growth
of a woody plant 2. any small, leafless branch of a woody plant
figurine : statue :: twig : branch (A << B) twig : limb :: brook : river (A << B)
typo [táipou] n. 오타, 오식 : a typographical error
typo : text :: bug : software
tyrant [tái-ərənt] n. 전제군주, 폭군 1. an absolute ruler who governs without restrictions 2. a ruler who exercises power in a harsh, cruel manner 3. an oppressive, harsh, arbitrary person
tyro [táirou] n. 초심자 : a beginner in learning something
tyro ↔ expert
U ubiquitous [juːbíkwətəs] a. 도처에 존재하는
: being or seeming to be everywhere at the same time; omnipresent
ubiquitous : place :: perpetual : time ubiquitous ↔ unique, rarely be encountered, extraordinary ubiquity ↔ rarity
ugly [ʌ gli] a. 추한 : HIDEOUS, UNSIGHTLY 1. displeasing to the eye; unsightly 2. repulsive or offensive; objectionable 3. morally reprehensible; bad
4. threatening or ominous 5. a. likely to cause embarrassment or trouble b. marked by
or inclined to anger or bad feeling; cross or disagreeable pulchritude ↔ ugliness, hideousness pulchritude [pʌ lkritjù:d] 육체미 great physical beauty and appeal
umbrage [ʌ mbrid¥] n. 불쾌감, 토라짐 resentful : umbrage :: fractious : umbrage :: (화 잘 내는, 화)
unaccountable [ʌ nəkáuntəbl] adj. 책임이 없는, 설명할 수 없는, 영문 모를, 불가사의한, 기묘한
unaccountable ↔ explicable
unaffected [ʌ nəféktid] adj. 점잔빼지 않는, 있는 그 로의, 소박한, 가식없는; ~에 의한 영향을 받지 않는, 마음이 흔들리지 않는, 변하지 않는
posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant (A = B가 없는 사람) stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected (OPPOSITE, 사람 : 형) unaffected ↔ refined, pretentious, insincere, artful, bombastic, imbued
unalloyed [ʌ nəl`oid] a. 순수한(pure), 합금이 아닌; 완전한, 진실한(unmixed, genuine) 1. not in mixture with other metals; pure 2. complete; unqualified
unalloyed ↔ adulterated
unanimous [ju:nǽnəməs] a. 만장일치인 unanimous ↔ dissident, inharmonious
unassailable [ʌ nəséiləb:əl] a. 난공불락의, 논쟁의 여지가 없는, 부정할 수 없는 1. impossible to dispute or disprove; undeniable 2. not subject to attack or seizure; impregnable
unassailable : refute :: impervious : damage unassailable : attack :: imperturbable : nettle unassailable ↔ assailable, assaultable, attackable, controversial, deniable, refutable
unassuming [ʌ nəsjúːmiŋ] a. 젠체하지 않는, 삼가는 : MODEST, RETIRING
exhibiting no pretensions, boastfulness, or ostentation; modest unassuming ↔ imperious, overbearing, ostentatious, arrogant, presumptuous, assertive
unavailable [ʌ nəveiləbl] a. 이용할 수 없는, 도움이 되지 않는, 입수
할 수 없는 : not available, accessible, or at hand
unavailable ↔ useful
unavailing [ʌ nəvéiliŋ] a. 효과 없는 : FUTILE, USELESS : not availing; ineffectual or useless
unavailing ↔ useful
unbending [ʌ nbéndiŋ] a. 굳은, 단단한(stiff, rigid); 불굴의
(inflexible); 완고한 1. not yielding; inflexible 2. aloof and often antisocial; extremely reserved
unbending ↔ pliant
unbridled [ʌnbráidld] adj. 1. unrestrained; uncontrolled: unbridled anger 2. not wearing or being fitted with a bridle
unbridled ↔ restrained
uncanny [ʌnkǽni] a. 불가사의한, 신비한 : EERIE, MYSTERIOUS 1. peculiarly unsettling, as if of supernatural origin or nature;
eerie 2. so keen and perceptive as to seem preternatural
eerie [íəri] 으스스한; 신비로운
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uncanny ↔ ordinary, quotidian, everyday, normal, commonplace, ordinary
uncommitted [ʌnkəmítid] a. 특정 방침을 따르지 않는;중립적인, 당파심이 없는
: not pledged to a specific cause or course of action
unconventional [ʌ nkənvénʃənəl] a. 관습/인습에 얽매이지 않는 : not adhering to convention; out of the ordinary
hero : admirable :: eccentric : unconventional unconventionality ↔ fidelity to custom
uncouth [ʌnkúːθ] a. 어색한, 꼴불견의; 무례한 1. crude; unrefined 2. awkward or clumsy; ungraceful
uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver churl 막되게 자란 사람, 버릇 없는 사람 connive 공모하다, 음모를 꾸미다; 보고도 못 본 체하다, 묵인하다
seemly, sophisticated ↔ uncouth
unctuous [ʌ ŋktʃuəs] a. 그럴듯한, 간살을 부리는; 기름기 있는 1. characterized by affected, exaggerated, or insincere
earnestness 2. having the quality or characteristics of oil or ointment;
slippery 3. containing or composed of oil or fat 4. abundant in organic materials; soft and rich
placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous salve 연고, 고약; 위안(이 되는 것); 아첨
unctuous : earnest :: sanctimonious : devout sanctimonious 성인인 체하는 feigning piety or righteousness
unctuous ↔ brusque brusque 무뚝뚝한, 퉁명스러운 abrupt and curt in manner or
speech; discourteously blunt
underdog [ʌ ndərdɔ (ː)g, -dɑ g] n. 약자, 패배자 1. one that is expected to lose a contest or struggle, as in
sports or politics 2. one that is at a disadvantage
underdog ↔ bully
undergird [ʌ ndərgə ːrd] 보강하다, 떠받치다 : to support or strengthen from beneath undermine ↔ undergird
underline [ʌ ndə:rlain] 1. to draw a line under; emphasize or cause to stand out;
underscore 2. to emphasize; stress
underline ↔ deemphasis, underplay
undermine [ʌ ndərmáin] v.토 를 허물다, 약화시키다, 손상시키다 1. to weaken by wearing away a base or foundation 2. to weaken, injure, or impair, often by degrees or
imperceptibly; sap 3. to dig a mine or tunnel beneath
undermine ↔ undergird, reinforce undergird 보강하다, 떠받치다 to support or strengthen from
beneath
underplay [ʌ ndərpléi] v. 소극적으로 연기하다 1. to act (a role) subtly or with restraint 2. to present or deal with subtly or with restraint; play
down
underscore [ʌ ndərskɔ ːr] v. 밑줄을 치다; 강조하다 1. to underline 2. to emphasize; stress
underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownership underscore ↔ de-emphasize, underplay, downplay, slight, understate underplay 소극적으로 연기하다
understate [ʌ ndərstéit] v. 적게 말하다, 삼가서 말하다 1. To state with less completeness or truth than seems
warranted by the facts. 2. To express with restraint or lack of emphasis, especially
ironically or for rhetorical effect. 3. To state (a quantity, for example) that is too low:
understate corporate financial worth. understate ↔ vaunt understated ↔ bombastic, flamboyant understatement ↔ hyperbole
understudy [ʌ ndə:rstʌ di] v. 역을 하다/연습하다 1. to study or know (a role) so as to be able to replace the
regular performer when required 2. to act as an understudy to
understudy : star :: deputy : sheriff deputy 리인, 리자; 부관 sheriff 보안관; 사법 장관, 집행관
undeserved [ʌ ndizә:rvd] adj. 받을 만한 값어치가 없는, 부당한, 분수에 벗어나는
: not merited; unjustifiable or unfair undeserved ↔ moderate, reasonable, sensible, equitable, fair, just condign ↔ undeserved, unmerited
undue [ʌ ndjú:] a. 적절하지 않은, 어울리지 않는;지나친, 과도한;지급 기한이 되지 않은
1. exceeding what is appropriate or normal; excessive 2. not just, proper, or legal 3. not yet payable or due
rebellious : antiestablishment :: extravagant : undue antiestablishment 반체제의
unearth [ʌnə ːrθ] v. 폭로하다, 발굴하다 1. to bring up out of the earth; dig up 2. to bring to public notice; uncover
unearth ↔ conceal
unequivocal [ʌ nikwívəkəl] a. 모호하지 않은, 헷갈리지 않는, 분명한 unequivocation : ambiguity :: spotlessness : blemish (A하면 B가 없다) blemish 흠, 오점, 결점
unexceptionable [ʌ niksépʃənəbəl] a. 나무랄 데 없는 : UNIMPEACHABLE
beyond any reasonable objection; irreproachable unexceptionable : oppose :: unsalvageable : repair :: unique : precedent vile ↔ unexceptionable
unexceptional [ʌ niksépʃənəl] a. 보통의 : COMMONPLACE, 예외
가 있을 수 없는 1. not varying from a norm; usual 2. not subject to exceptions
unfasten [ʌnfǽsn / -fɑ ːsn] v. 풀어주다 : to make loose
secure ↔ unfasten scotch ↔ encourage {unfasten아님}
unfeigned [ʌnféind] adj. 거짓없는 : not feigned or hypocritical : GENUINE synonyms see
SINCERE unfeigned ↔ pretended
unflagging [ʌnflǽgiŋ] 지칠 줄 모르는 flag
1. to hang limply; droop
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2. to decline in vigor or strength 3. to decline in interest
unflagging ↔ fading
unflappable [ʌnflǽpəbəl] a. 침착한 : persistently calm, whether when facing difficulties or
experiencing success; not easily upset or excited unflappable : upset, provocation :: obstinate : persuade unflappable ↔ disturbed
ungainly [ʌngéinli] a. 꼴사나운, 보기 흉한 : CLUMSY 1. lacking grace or ease of movement or form; clumsy 2. difficult to move or use; unwieldy
unwieldy (크기, 무게 때문에) 다루기 힘든; 거추장스러운 loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly ungainly ↔ dexterous, adroit, lissome lissome [lísəm] 나긋나긋한, 유연한; 민첩한, 날랜
unhackneyed [ʌ nhǽknid] a. 낡지 않은, 참신한, 독창적인, 창조적인 unhackneyed ↔ trite
unheralded [ʌnhérəldid] a. 알려지지 않은, 무명의; 뜻밖의, 예기치 않은
unheralded : announcement :: rash : circumspection :: impromptu : rehearsal
unherald ↔ proclaim
unkempt [ʌnkémpt] a. 단정치 못한, 흐트러진; 버릇없는 1. a. not combed b. not properly maintained; disorderly or
untidy 2. unpolished; rude
unkempt ↔ dapper dapper 깔끔한, 단정한; 민첩한, 경쾌한
unlettered [ʌnlétərd] a. 무지한, 배우지 않은 1. a. not adept at reading and writing; deficient in the
knowledge that can be acquired from books b. illiterate 2. having no lettering * lettered adj. 학문이 있는, 교육을 받은, 박식한
erudite ↔ smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered learned ↔ unlettered lettered : education :: mature : growth
unobtrusive [ʌ nəbtrú:siv] a. 나서지 않는, 삼가는(modest, retiring); 겸손한
: not undesirably noticeable or blatant; inconspicuous unobtrusive ↔ impetuous
unpalatable [ʌnpǽlətəbəl] a. 맛없는; 불쾌한 : DISTASTEFUL 1. not pleasing to the taste 2. not pleasant or agreeable
unprepossessing [ʌ nprì:pəzésiŋ] a. 호감을 주지 못하는; 불쾌한 : failing to impress favorably; nondescript
unprepossessing ↔ attractive, entrancing, enticing, winsome, riveting
unpretentious [ʌ npriténʃəs] a. 젠체하지 않는 : MODEST : lacking pretension or affectation; modest
bombastic ↔ unpretentious
unproductive [ʌ nprədʌ ktiv] a. 비생산적인; 효과 없는
(ineffective) effectual ↔ unproductive
unrepentant [ʌ nripéntənt] a. 회개하지 않는 : having or exhibiting no remorse
unrepentant ↔ remorseful, attritional, compunctious attrition 마찰, 마모; 감소, 축소; 회개
unrequited [ʌ nrikwáitid] a. 보답 없는, 무보수의 : not reciprocated or returned in kind
remunerative ↔ unrequited remunerative 보수가 있는; 보답하는 remunerate 보수를 지불하다, 보답하다
unruly [ʌnrúːli] a. 다루기 힘든 : difficult or impossible to discipline, control, or rule
unruly : authority :: refractory : change unruly ↔ disciplined, subdued
unseemly [ʌnsí:mli] a.볼품없는,보기 흉한;때/장소에 걸맞지 않는 1. not in accord with accepted standards of good taste;
grossly improper 2. not suited to the circumstances; inappropriate
unseemly ↔ decorous unseemliness ↔ decorum
unstable [ʌnstéib:əl] 1. a. tending strongly to change b. not constant; fluctuating 2. a. fickle b. lacking control of one's emotions; characterized
by unpredictable behavior 3. not firmly placed; unsteady
unstable ↔ secure
unsubstantial [ʌnsəbstǽn∫:əl] a.공상적인,비현실적인;실체가없는 1. lacking material substance; insubstantial 2. lacking firmness or strength; flimsy 3. lacking basis in fact
unsubstantial ↔ firm, realistic, practical, effective, strong, confirmed
unsubstantiated [ʌnsəbstǽn∫ieitid] a.입증되지 않은,근거가 없는 unsubstantiated ↔ verified, confirmed
unsullied [ʌnsʌ lid] adj. 결백한 unsullied ↔ tarnished
untactful [ ntǽktfəl] adj. 기지(재치, 수완, 솜씨)가 없는 untactful ↔ thoughtful, dexterous, skillful, discreet
untainted [ʌntéintid] a. 더럽혀지지 않은; 오점이 없는 untainted ↔ contaminated
untenable [ʌnté nəbəl] a. 지지할 수 없는, 거주할 수 없는 1. being such that defense or maintenance is impossible 2. being such that occupation or habitation is impossible
untenable : defense :: invulnerable : injury invulnerable 손상되지 않는, 무적의; 논파할 수 없는, 확고한
untenable : defended :: incontrovertible : disputed :: inevitable : avoided incontrovertible 논의의 여지없는, 명백한 impossible to dispute;
unquestionable inalienable : surrendered :: untenable : defended inalienable (권리 등을) 양도할 수 없는 that cannot be transferred to
another or others untenable : defended :: inexorable : persuade inexorable 불변의; 냉혹한, 무정한 not capable of being persuaded by
entreaty; relentless untenable ↔ defensible untenable ↔ habitable
untold [ʌntóuld] a. 밝혀지지 않은; 셀 수 없는:INCALCULABLE, VAST 1. not told or revealed 2. beyond description or enumeration
countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting, interminable : duration myriad constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable
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untold ↔ able to quantify, quantifiable, calculable, able to be gauged, plumbable
untoward [ʌntɔ ːrd, ʌntóuərd] a. 불리한, 부적당한; 고집 센 : ADVERSE, UNPROPITIOUS
1. not favorable; unpropitious 2. troublesome; adverse 3. hard to guide or control; unruly 4. improper; unseemly
untoward, inauspicious, unpropitious ↔ favorable and anticipated, fortunate, auspicious, propitious, fortunate auspicious 길조의, 상서로운 propitious 형편 좋은; 자비로운; 상스러운, 길조의
toward ↔ obdurate untoward ↔ proper, decorous, favorable and anticipated, yielding
untutored [ʌntjúːtərd] a. 교육을 받지 않은; 순박한 : NAIVE, UNSOPHISTICATED
1. having had no formal learning or training 2. unsophisticated; unrefined
untutored ↔ polished
unwieldy [ nwí:ldi] adj. (크기, 모양, 무게 때문에) 다루기 어려운, 거추장스러운(unmanageable)
* wield v. 휘두르다, (도구 등을) 쓰다; 지배하다 1. to handle (a weapon or tool, for example) with skill and
ease 2. to exercise (authority or influence, for example)
effectively unwieldy : carry :: intractable : govern
unwitting [ʌnwítiŋ] a. 모르는, 무의식적인; 실수로 저지른, 무심코 한 : UNAWARE
1. not knowing; unaware 2. not intended; unintentional
conscious, intentional ↔ unwitting
unwonted [ʌnwóuntid] a. 드문 1. not habitual or ordinary; unusual 2. not accustomed; unused
habit ↔ unwonted behavior unwonted ↔ usual, habitual
upbraid [ʌipbréid] v.t. 신랄하게 비난하다 : to reprove sharply; reproach
upbraid : reproach :: dote : like (A >> B) upbraid : disapproval :: lament : grief (A shows B) upbraid ↔ laud, extol, praise
uphold [ʌdphóuld] v.t. 지지하다 1. to hold aloft; raise 2. to prevent from falling or sinking; support 3. to maintain or affirm against opposition
uphold ↔ abrogate, forsake abrogate 폐지하다; 그만두다 to abolish, do away with, or annul,
especially by authority forsake (습관 등을) 버리다 to give up (something formerly held
dear); renounce uphold ↔ impugn impugn 비난하다, 논박하다 to attack as false or questionable;
challenge in argument
uproar [ʌ prɔ ːr] n. 소란, 격론 1. a condition of noisy excitement and confusion; tumult 2. a heated controversy
placid ↔ uproarious
upset [ʌpsét] v. 뒤흔들어 놓다 1. to cause to turn or tip over; capsize 2. to disturb the functioning, order, or course of
3. to distress or perturb mentally or emotionally 4. to overthrow; overturn 5. to defeat unexpectedly (an opponent favored to win) 6. to make (a heated metal bolt, for example) shorter and
thicker by hammering on the end unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade unflappable 동요되지 않는, 차분한
uptight a. 긴장한, 초조한, 신경질적인; 딱딱한, 격식차린 uptight ↔ calm
urbane [əːrbéin] a. 도시풍의, 세련된 : POLISHED : polite, refined, and often elegant in manner * urbanity n.도시풍, 예의 바른 태도
urbane : gaucherie :: guileless : chicanery brutal : urbanity :: enigmatic : lucidity, elucidation (A에는 B가 없는) brute : urbanity :: urbanity : coarse :: (A한 사람은 B하지 않은) coarse : 교양 없는, 난폭한, 고상하지 않은
urbane ↔ bucolic, rude, rustic urbanity ↔ artlessness, oafishness oaf 바보, 멍청이
urge [əːrdʒ] vi. 주장하다 1. to force or drive forward or onward; impel 2. to entreat earnestly and often repeatedly; exhort 3. to advocate earnestly the doing, consideration, or approval
of; press for 4. to stimulate; excite 5. to move or impel to action, effort, or speed; spur
didactic : teach :: hortatory : urge hortatory 격려의, 충고의 marked by exhortation or strong urging
usurp [juːsə ːrp, -zə ːrp] v.t. 강탈하다, 권한 없이 사용하다 1. to seize and hold (the power or rights of another, for
example) by force and without legal authority 2. to take over or occupy without right
usurp : take :: trespass : enter impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization (A = 거짓 B를 가진 사람) embezzle : funds :: usurp : power usurp : seize :: interrogate : examine :: defame : disparage (EQUAL) interrogate 따져 묻다; 심문하다 to examine by questioning formally
or officially usurp ↔ assume rightfully
usury [jú:ʒəri|-ʒuri] n. 고리 ( 금); 이자 1. the practice of lending money and charging the borrower
interest, especially at an exorbitant or illegally high rate 2. an excessive or illegally high rate of interest charged on
borrowed money usury : interest :: gouging : price gouge 둥근끌로 파다/새기다; (금전 등을) 갈취하다, 사기치다
utter [ʌ tər] v. 말하다 a. 무조건적인, 완전한 : complete; absolute; entire
flit : move :: blurt : utter flit 훌쩍 날다; 휙 지나가다, 스치다 blurt 무심코 말하다 to utter suddenly and impulsively
exclaim : utter :: flare : shine circumlocution ↔ pithy utters, utter concisely, straightforward utter jest ↔ solemn utterance jest 농담, 익살; 희롱
utter ↔ partial
V vacate [véikeit / vəkéit] v. 비우다
1. to cease to occupy or hold; give up
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2. to empty of occupants or incumbents vacate ↔ occupy
vaccinate [vǽksənèit] v. 예방 접종하다 vaccinate : disease :: (A는 B를 막는다) overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity soporific 수면제, 최면제
vacillate [vǽsəlèit] a. 동요하다, 주저하다 : FLUCTUATE, OSCILLATE
1. to sway from one side to the other; oscillate 2. to swing indecisively from one course of action or
opinion to another impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness bumptious 거만한, 주제넘게 나서는 crudely or loudly assertive;
pushy vacillation : persistent :: inertia : reactant (OPPOSITE) inertia 관성; 게으름, 무기력
vacillate : persistent :: react : inert vacillate : uncertain :: apologize : contrite contrite 통한의, 회개한
apologize : contrite :: vacillate : irresolute, hesitant adamant ↔ vacillatory impetuosity, pertinacity ↔ hesitance, vacillation pertinacious 완고한, 외고집의; 불굴의
vacillate ↔ equipoise, resolute, stand firm, resolve firmly equipoise 균형, 평형
vacillation ↔ constancy, decisiveness, impetuosity, pertinacity, resolution, motionless balance
adamant ↔ vacillating
vacuous [vǽkjuəs] a. 얼빠진, 어리석은; 공허한, 무의미한 : STUPID, INANE
1. devoid of matter; empty 2. a. lacking intelligence; stupid b. devoid of substance or
meaning; inane c. devoid of expression; vacant 3. lacking serious purpose or occupation; idle
vacuous ↔ intelligent, substantial, omniscient, full of ideas omniscient 박식한 having total knowledge; knowing everything
vacuity ↔ plentitude
vagary [véigəri, vəgɛ əri] n. 엉뚱한 짓, 변덕 : an extravagant or erratic notion or action
vagary : predict :: impossibility : execute, accomplish :: indemonstrable : prove :: diehard : budge
vagary : predict :: acme : surpass acme 절정, 정점 the highest point, as of perfection
unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary (형 : 명) vagary : predict :: diehard : budge diehard 끝까지 버티는, 완고하게 저항하는
vagarious ↔ fixed vagary ↔ fixation
vagrant [véigrənt] n. 부랑자, 방랑자 a. 떠도는, 방랑하는; 정처 없는 : RANDOM
n. 1. one who wanders from place to place without a permanent home or a means of livelihood
2. a wanderer; a rover 3. one who lives on the streets and constitutes a public
nuisance * vagabond 방랑하는, 방랑자
vagabond : wanderer :: vagrant ↔ fixed
vague [veig] a. 분명치 않은, 막연한 1. not clearly expressed; inexplicit 2. not thinking or expressing oneself clearly 3. lacking definite shape, form, or character; indistinct 4. not clear in meaning or application
5. indistinctly felt, perceived, understood, or recalled; hazy vague ↔ well defined, trenchant, fixed trenchant 날카로운, 신랄한; 철저한
vain [vein] adj. 실질적인 뜻이 없는, 시시한, 허영심이 강한, 헛된, 보람없는, 무익한
1. not yielding the desired outcome; fruitless 무익한, 쓸모없는 2. lacking substance or worth 3. excessively proud of one's appearance or
accomplishments; conceited 우쭐 는, 자부심 강한 vain ↔ successful, efficacious
vainglorious [veinglɔ :riəs] a. 자만심이 강한 1. characterized by or exhibiting excessive vanity; boastful 2. proceeding from vainglory
vainglorious : humility :: prodigal : thrift (A한 사람은 B가 없다) vainglorious ↔ self-effacing, meek, humble
valediction [væ lədíkʃən] n. 작별, 고별; 고별사 1. an act of bidding farewell; a leave-taking 2. a speech or statement made as a farewell
panegyric : praise :: valediction : farewell panegyric 칭찬하는 말/글, 찬사
valediction ↔ greeting
valiant [vǽljənt] a. 용맹스러운, 영웅적인; 훌륭한, 멋진 : COURAGEOUS
1. possessing valor; brave 2. marked by or done with valor
valor 용기, 용맹 courage and boldness, as in battle; bravery valiant ↔ coward, craven, pusillanimous, timorous pusillanimous 우유부단한, 소심한 lacking courage; cowardly
valid [vǽlid] a. 정당한; 유효한 1. well grounded; just 2. producing the desired results; efficacious 3. having legal force; effective or binding * validate v.t. ~의 정당성을 입증하다, ~을 법적으로 유효하게
하다 void : valid :: (OPPOSITE) specious ↔ valid specious 허울 좋은, 그럴듯한 having the ring of truth or plausibility
but actually fallacious fallacy ↔ valid argument nullify ↔ validate, confirm, ratify nullification ↔ validation
valorize [vǽləràiz] v. 가격을 정하다 1. to establish and maintain the price of (a commodity) by
governmental action 2. to give or assign a value to
valorize ↔ fluctuate
valorous [vǽlərəs] a. 용감한 : marked by or possessing great personal bravery; valiant
craven ↔ valorous valorous ↔ timorous
vanish [vǽni∫] v. 사라지다 1. to pass out of sight, especially quickly; disappear 2. to pass out of existence
evanescent : disappear, vanish :: pliant : yield :: periodic : recur (A = B하기 쉬운, 능동) (transparent : penetrate 관계는 오답. (A = B되기 쉬운, 수동))
evanescent : vanish :: consistent : perpetuate perpetuate 영속하게 하다; 불멸하게 하다 make perpetual; to prolong
the existence of constant : perpetuate :: transient : vanish (형 : 동)
vanquish [vǽŋkwiʃ] v.t. 정복하다; 이겨내다, 극복하다
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1. a. to defeat or conquer in battle; subjugate b. to defeat in a contest, conflict, or competition
2. to overcome or subdue (an emotion, for example); suppress
attack : vanquished :: goad : provoked (A의 결과 : B) dominate : vanquished :: (OPPOSITE) vanquish ↔ surrender, submit to
vapid [vǽpid] a. 맛이 없는, 김빠진; 생기 없는, 지루한 : FLAT, DULL
1. lacking liveliness, animation, or interest; dull 2. lacking taste, zest, or flavor; flat
vapid ↔ zealous, riveting, inventive, piquant, bracing, zesty, lively, stimulating riveting 매혹적인 wholly absorbing or engrossing one's attention;
fascinating bracing 기운을 돋우는; 떠받치는 invigorating or refreshing;
strengthening zest 풍미; 흥취, 재미; 열의, 관심
vaporize [véipəràiz] v. 증발시키다 : to convert or be converted into vapor
scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization scuff 발을 끌며 걷다; (구두 등이) 닳다 to scrape the feet while
walking; shuffle abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat vaporization, gasification ↔ solidification vaporous ↔ substantial
vaporous [véipərəs] a. 증기의; 공허한, 비실질적인 1. relating to or resembling vapor 2. a. producing vapors; volatile b. giving off or full of vapors 3. insubstantial, vague, or ethereal 4. extravagantly fanciful; high-flown
ethereal 공기 같은, 가벼운, 희박한; 절묘한; 천상의, 하늘의 vaporous ↔ substantial
variance [vɛ əriəns] n. 가변성, 다양성; 차이, 불일치 : DIFFERENCE, VARIATION
1. a. the act of varying b. the state or quality of being variant or variable; a variation c. a difference between what is expected and what actually occurs
2. the state or fact of differing or of being in conflict immutable ↔ variable variance ↔ congruity, uniformity, quantity with a fixed value
variegation [vɛ əriəgéiʃən] n. (색깔의) 다양성 : the state of being variegated; diversified coloration variegate v. 얼룩덜룩하게 하다; ...에 변화를 주다
variegation : uniformity :: simplicity : difficulty variegation ↔ uniform coloration, sameness, uniformity, homogeneity
varnish [vɑ ːrniʃ] n. 유약 v. 광나게 하다 1. to cover with varnish 2. to give a smooth and glossy finish to 3. to give a deceptively attractive appearance to; gloss over
glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth
vat [væt] n. 염색통 : a large vessel (as a cistern, tub, or barrel) especially for
holding liquors in an immature state or preparations for dyeing or tanning
mortar : grind :: vat : dye
vault [vɔːlt] n. (지하) 금고 larder : provisions :: vault : valuables :: reservoir : water larder 식료품 저장실
vault : valuables :: refrigerator : foods :: library : books
vaunt [vɔːnt, vɑːnt] v. 자랑하다, 뽐내다 : BRAG n.자랑 : to speak boastfully of; brag about vaunt one’s skill 솜씨를 자랑하다
vaunt ↔ deprecate, humble, self-deprecate, downplay, understate, resign, (retire) downplay 얕보다 to minimize the significance of; play down
vaunting ↔ meek (중국 3회) vaunting 자랑하는, 교만한 meek showing patience and humility
veer [viər] v. 방향을 바꾸다 1. to turn aside from a course, direction, or purpose; swerve 2. to shift clockwise in direction, as from north to northeast.
used of the wind swerve 빗나가다, 이탈하다 to turn aside or be turned aside from a
straight course veer : direction :: convert : belief topic : digress :: course : veer veer ↔ maintain constant
vehement [víːəmənt] a. 격앙된, 열정적인 : POWERFUL 1. characterized by forcefulness of expression or intensity of
emotion or conviction; fervid 2. marked by or full of vigor or energy; strong
vehement ↔ languid, apathetic, tepid, indifferent, unconcerned, easy languid 나른한, 기력 없는; 의욕 없는 apathetic 무감동의; 냉담한, 무관심한
vehemency, vehemence ↔ tepidity, lull tepid 미지근한; 열의 없는 lull 잠잠함, 소강상태, 중단
venal [víːnl] a. 매수되기 쉬운, 돈독 오른; 부패한, 타락한 : PURCHASABLE 1. a. open to bribery; mercenary b. capable of betraying
honor, duty, or scruples for a price; corruptible 2. marked by corrupt dealings, especially bribery 3. obtainable for a price
disinterested : partisanship :: venal : probity disinterested 사심 없는, 청렴한 free of bias and self-interest;
impartial probity 정직, 성실 complete and confirmed integrity; uprightness
venal ↔ unsusceptible of bribe, incorruptible
vendor [véndər, vendɔ ːrː] n. 조달자; 행상인, 노점상 vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate censor 검열관
veneer [vəníər] n. 베니어(박판), 표면 마무리 1. a thin surface layer, as of finely grained wood, glued to a
base of inferior material 2. any of the thin layers glued together to make plywood 3. a decorative facing, as of brick 4. a deceptive, superficial show; a facade
foil : metal :: veneer : wood glaze : porcelain :: veneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall baseboard 굽도리널 a molding that conceals the joint between an
interior wall and a floor
venerate [vénərèit] v.t. 존경, 경배하다 : to regard with respect, reverence, or heartfelt deference
* venerable [vén:ərəb:əl] a. 존경할 만한, 훌륭한 1. commanding respect by virtue of age, dignity character, or
position 2. worthy of reverence, especially by religious or historical
association * veneration n. 존경, 숭배
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venerable : respect :: venerable ↔ despicable, disrespectable (scornful은 오답) perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration perfunctory 형식적인, 겉치레의 insolent 거만한, 오만한
venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn venerate ↔ despise, dishonor, scorn, disdain, desecrate, abhor veneration ↔ contempt, dishonor, hatred, derision, disdain, despise, scorn, obloquy (blame은 오답) deride 조소/조롱하다 to speak of or treat with contemptuous mirth
vengeful [véndʒfəl] a. 앙심을 품은 : REVENGEFUL 1. desiring vengeance; vindictive 2. indicating or proceeding from a desire for revenge 3. serving to exact vengeance
demanding : satisfy :: vengeful : forgive (A = B하기 어려운)
venial [víːniəl, -njəl] a. 용서될 만한, 사소한 : easily excused or forgiven; pardonable
venial : excuse :: pellucid : understand venial ↔ heinous, intolerant, inexorable, uncharitable, unforgiving, unpardonable, unrelenting, unsparing heinous 증오할, 아주 나쁜 grossly wicked or reprehensible;
abominable unsparing 인색하지 않은(liberal, profuse); 무자비한, 엄격한(hard,
severe) veniality ↔ inexorability
venom [vénəm] n. 독; 악의, 원한 1. a poisonous secretion of an animal, such as a snake,
spider, or scorpion, usually transmitted by a bite or sting 2. a poison 3. malice; spite
placebo : innocuous :: venom : toxic :: milk : nutrient
ventilate [véntəlèit] v.t. 환기시키다; 산소를 공급하다 1. to admit fresh air into (a mine, for example) to replace
stale or noxious air 2. to circulate through and freshen 3. to provide with a vent, as for airing 4. to expose (a substance) to the circulation of fresh air, as
to retard spoilage 5. to expose to public discussion or examination 6. to aerate or oxygenate (blood)
veracious [vəréiʃəs] a. 정직한, 진실한; 정확한 : TRUTHFUL, HONEST
1. honest; truthful 2. accurate; precise
veracious : guile :: (OPPOSITE) veracious ↔ mendacious, fallacious mendacious 1. lying; untruthful 2. false; untrue
veracity [vərǽsəti] n. 진실, 정직; 진실성 1. adherence to the truth; truthfulness 2. conformity to fact or truth; accuracy or precision 3. something that is true
veracity : dissembler :: agility : bungler mendacity, prevarication ↔ veracity
verbalism [və ːrbəlìzəm] n. 언어 표현 1 a. a verbal expression: TERM b. PHRASING, WORDING 2. words used as if they were more important than the
realities they represent 3. a. a wordy expression of little meaning b. VERBOSITY
argot ↔ standard language / common verbalism argot 은어, 속어 a specialized vocabulary or set of idioms used by a
particular group
verbatim [vəːrbéitim] a. 똑같은 말의 : using exactly the same words; corresponding word for word
paraphrase : verbatim :: approximate : precise
verbiage [vә:rbiidʒ] n. 말이 많음, 장황함 verbiage ↔ terseness
verbose [vəːrbóus] a. 수다스런, 장황한 : WORDY : using or containing a great and usually an excessive
number of words; wordy verbosity : words :: floridness : embellishments florid 불그레한, 혈색이 좋은; 화사한, 현란한, 화려한
verbosity ↔ succinctness, laconism, terseness, pithiness, conciseness, restraint
verbose ↔ succinct, concise, laconic (taciturn은 오답)
verdant [və ːrdənt] a. 초목으로 뒤덮인; 미숙한 1. green with vegetation; covered with green growth 2. (color) green in hue 3. lacking experience or sophistication; naive
verdant ↔ sterile, sere, barren sere 시든, 말라빠진 withered; dry
verdict [və ːrdikt] n. (배심원의) 평결 1. (law) the finding of a jury in a trial 2. an expressed conclusion; a judgment or an opinion
verify [vérəfài] v.t. 확증하다, 실증하다 1. to prove the truth of by presentation of evidence or
testimony; substantiate 2. to determine or test the truth or accuracy of, as by
comparison, investigation, or reference verifiable : plausible :: obfuscating : indiscernible obfuscate 당혹시키다, 애매하게 하다
plumb : depth :: verify : accuracy refutation ↔ verification refutation 반박, 논박
unsubstantiated ↔ verified unsubstantiated 입증되지 않은, 근거 없는
verifiable ↔ fallacious, questionable, doubtful, unreliable, vague verify ↔ refute
verisimilar [vèrəsímələr] a. 있을 법한 : appearing to be true or real; probable
verisimilar ↔ implausible implausible 믿기 어려운, 미심쩍은 difficult to believe; not plausible
veritable [vérətəbəl] a. 진실한, 참다운 : being truly so called; real or genuine
veritable ↔ specious
vermin [və ːrmin] n. 해충; 인간쓰레기 : person considered loathsome or highly offensive
vernacular [vərnǽkjələr] n. 제 나라 말; 지방어, 사투리; 일상어 1. the standard native language of a country or locality 2. the everyday language spoken by a people as
distinguished from the literary language 3. the idiom of a particular trade or profession 4. an idiomatic word, phrase, or expression 5. the common, nonscientific name of a plant or an animal
vernacular : place :: jargon : profession vernacular : local :: jargon : profession jargon 허튼 소리; 전문용어
versatile [və ːrsətl / -tàil] a. 용도가 많은, 다재다능한, 변하기 쉬운 1. capable of doing many things competently 2. having varied uses or serving many functions
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3. variable or inconstant; changeable versatile ↔ having limited application, unchangeable
verse [və:rs] n. 운문; 익숙해지다 : to familiarize by study or experience
footloose : attachment :: unversed : familiarity footloose having no attachments or ties; free to do as one pleases
versed [və:rst] a. 정통한, 익숙한 : acquainted through study or experience; knowledgeable
or skilled versed ↔ inexperienced, clumsy, awkward, inept, uninformed
versemonger [və ːrsmʌ ŋgər] n. 엉터리시인/풋내기시인 versemonger : verbatim ::
vertex [və :rteks] n. 정점, 절정; 천정(zenith) : the highest point; the apex or summit
vertex ↔ lowliness, nadir
vertigo [və ːrtigòu] n. 어지러움, 현기증; 혼란한 상태 1. a. the sensation of dizziness b. an instance of such a
sensation 2. a confused, disoriented state of mind
hemorrhage : bleeding :: vertigo : dizziness hemorrhage 출혈
vertigo : nauseate :: nauseate 구역질나게 하다; 혐오감을 주다
tranquility ↔ vertigo
verve [vəːrv] n. 열정, 기백 : VIVACITY 1. energy and enthusiasm in the expression of ideas,
especially in artistic performance or composition 2. vitality; liveliness
verve ↔ listlessness, lassitude listless lacking energy or disinclined to exert effort; lethargic lassitude : a state or feeling or weariness, diminished energy, or
listlessness
vessel [vésəl] n. 혈관 aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas :: vessel : blood
vestige [véstidʒ] n. 흔적, 유물, 유적; 아주 조금 : a visible trace, evidence, or sign of something that once
existed but exists or appears no more vestige : remainder :: figurine : statue vestige ↔ fully developed
vestigial [vestídʒiəl] a. 퇴화한, 흔적의 vestige 유물, 흔적 a visible trace, evidence, or sign of something that once existed but
exists or appears no more vestigial ↔ fully developed
veteran [vétərən] n. 고참병, 베테랑 1. a person who is long experienced or practiced in an
activity or a capacity 2. a person who has served in the armed forces 3. an old soldier who has been long service
cadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog cadet [kədét] 사관학교 생도, 장교 후보생
veto [víːtou] n. 거부권; 금지, 부인 : INTERDICTION : an authoritative prohibition or rejection of a proposed or
intended act veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory veto : enactment :: antiseptic : infection veto ↔ consent
vex [veks] v.t. 화나게 하다, 짜증나게 하다 1. to annoy, as with petty importunities; bother
2. to cause perplexity in; puzzle 3. to bring distress or suffering to; plague or afflict 4. to debate or discuss (a question, for example) at length 5. to toss about or shake up
* vexatious adj. 귀찮은, 성가신, 짜증나는, 무질서한, 혼란한 * vexation n. 짜증나게 하기, 괴롭히기, 화나는 일 draconian : inclemency :: fret : vexation inclement 혹독한, 엄동의; 냉혹한 1. stormy 2. showing no clemency; unmerciful fret 안달 나게 하다, 애타게 하다 to cause to be uneasy; vex
vex ↔ pacify, appease, soothe, mollify, conciliate, assuage, placate, unable to incite, gratify (exhilarate는 오답)
vexatious ↔ placatory, conciliatory vexing ↔ propitiatory, placating vexation ↔ assuagement, conciliation, gratification, placation, pleasingness gratify 만족시키다, 기쁘게 하다 to please or satisfy; to give what is
desired to
viable [váiəbəl] a. 생존 가능한, 살아갈 수 있는; 성장/발전할 수 있는 1. capable of living, developing, or germinating under
favorable conditions 2. capable of success or continuing effectiveness; practicable elastic : expand :: viable : live
elastic 신축성 있는, 유연한; 도량이 넓은, 관 한 viability ↔ inability to live
via [váiəl] n. 유리로 된 작은 병 vial : bottle ::
vibrant [váibrənt ] a. 진동하는, 울려 퍼지는; 활기찬 1. a. pulsing or throbbing with energy or activity
b. vigorous, lively, and vital 2. exhibiting or characterized by rapid, rhythmic movement
back and forth or to and fro; vibrating 3. produced as a result of vibration; resonant or resounding
flagging ↔ vibrant ponderous ↔ lively, vibrant, brisk
vicarious [vaikɛ əriəs, vi-] a. 신의, 행의 : SUBSTITUTIONARY
1. felt or undergone as if one were taking part in the experience or feelings of another
2. endured or done by one person substituting for another 3. a. acting or serving in place of someone or something else;
substituted b. committed or entrusted to another, as powers or authority; delegated
vicarious ↔ first-handed
vice [vais] n. 악덕, 부도덕, 사악; (조직, 제도, 성격, 문체 등의) 결합, 결점
vice ↔ rectitude (sincerity는 오답)
vicious [víʃəs] a. 악의가 있는, 부도덕한 : DEPRAVED benign, benignant ↔ vicious benignant 친절한, 자비로운; 유익한
vicissitude [visísətjùːd] n. 변천, 변화; 부침 1. a. a change or variation
b. the quality of being changeable; mutability 2. often vicissitudes one of the sudden or unexpected
changes or shifts often encountered in one's life, activities, or surroundings
vicissitudinous ↔ unchanging, immutable, invariant, constant vicissitude ↔ immutability, unchangeability
victimize [víktəmàiz] v.t. 사기치다 : SWINDLE 1. to subject to swindle or fraud 2. to make a victim of
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victimize ↔ treat fairly
vigilant [vídʒələnt] a. 빈틈없는, 주의 깊은 : on the alert; watchful
vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: demanding : satisfied :: wary : gulled, duped (A한 사람은 B하기 어렵다) wary 조심하는, 신중한 1. on guard; watchful 2. characterized by caution
vigilant : ambushed :: vigilant : waylaid :: wary : gulled vigilant : danger :: thrifty : indigence watchful : waylaid :: cunning : gulled waylay 잠복하여 습격하다 to lie in wait for and attack from ambush
vigilant ↔ oblivious, unalert, slack, negligent, supine, torporific, inattentive oblivious 잘 잊는 1. lacking all memory; forgetful 2. lacking conscious awareness; unmindful supine 반듯하게 누운; 무관심한, 태만한 torporific 바미시키는, 무감각하게 하는
vignette [vinjét] n. (책의 속표지,장 머리 등의)장식 무늬 윤곽을 흐리게 한 사진; 작은 풍경/광경
1. a decorative design placed at the beginning or end of a book or chapter of a book or along the border of a page
2. an unbordered picture, often a portrait, that shades off into the surrounding color at the edges
3. a. a short, usually descriptive literary sketch b. a short scene or incident, as from a movie
vignette : scene :: skit : drama vignette : book :: scene : movie
vigor [vígər] n. 활력, 정력 1. physical or mental strength, energy, or force 2. the capacity for natural growth and survival, as of plants
or animals 3. strong feeling; enthusiasm or intensity 4. legal effectiveness or validity
decrepit ↔ vigorous decrepit 노쇠한, 약해진; 낡아빠진
vile [vail] a. 야비한, 초라한, 치사한, 비열한 1. loathsome; disgusting 2. unpleasant or objectionable 3. a. contemptibly low in worth or account; second-rate
b. of mean or low condition 4. miserably poor and degrading; wretched 5. morally depraved; ignoble or wicked
vile ↔ noble, unexceptionable, unimpeachable unexceptionable a. 나무랄 데 없는, 비판의 여지가 없는, 더할 나위가 없는, 훌륭한 (unobjectionable, irreproachable) Beyond any reasonable objection; irreproachable.
vilify [víləfài] v. 헐뜯다 : DEFAME : to make vicious and defamatory statements about
vilify : laud :: vilify ↔ extol, honor, commend, laud vilification ↔ approbation, adulation, beautification
vim [vim] n. 정력 : ebullient vitality and energy
lassitude, lethargy ↔ vim, animation, verve verve (예술 작품의) 열정, 기백; 활기, 정력
vindicate [víndəkèit] v. (비난, 의혹을) 풀다 1. to clear of accusation, blame, suspicion, or doubt wit
supporting arguments or proof 2. to provide justification or support for 3. to justify or prove the worth of, especially in light of later
developments
4. to defend, maintain, or insist on the recognition of (one's right, for example)
5. to exact revenge for; avenge vindicate : blame :: disabuse : miscomprehension vindicate ↔ calumniate, impugn, inculpate, confirm guilt, blame calumniate 중상/비방하다 to make maliciously or knowingly false
statements about impugn 비난/공격하다, 논박하다 to attack as false or questionable;
challenge in argument inculpate to incriminate incriminate 죄를 씌우다, 고소하다; ...을 (잘못된 일의) 원인이라고
하다 implicate 연루시키다; 함축하다
vindictive [vindíktiv] a. 복수심을 품은; 원한 깊은 : VENGEFUL 1. disposed to seek revenge; revengeful 2. marked by or resulting from a desire to hurt; spiteful
mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge
violate [váiəlèit] v. 위반하다 : rape : BREAK, DISREGARD : to do harm to the person or especially the chastity of
virile [vírəl|-ail] 사내다운, 남성적인; 건장한, 박력 있는 1. of, relating to, or having the characteristics of an adult
male 2. having or showing masculine spirit, strength, vigor, or
power * virility [viríləti] n. 남자다움, 힘참, 박력 : the quality or state of being virile
virtuoso [və ːrtʃuóusou, -zou] n. 거장, 명인 a. 명인의(에게 특유한) virtuoso : skill :: potentate : power :: genius : intelligence potentate 실력자, 권세가, 군주, 지배자
virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned mediocre [mì:dióukər] 보통의, 평범한 moderate to inferior in quality;
ordinary impostor 사기꾼 one who engages in deception under an assumed
name or identity virtuoso ↔ mediocre, ordinary, unskillful person, beginner, novice virtuosity ↔ mediocrity, beginner, novice
virtuous [və ːrtʃuəs] a. 덕 있는, 고결한 : RIGHTEOUS 1. having or showing virtue, especially moral excellence 2. possessing or characterized by chastity; pure
depravity : virtue :: doldrums : energy doldrums 적도 무풍 ; 침체, 부진; 침울, 우울 depravity 타락, 부패 moral corruption or degradation; a depraved act
or condition virtuous : basement :: base ↔ virtuous nefarious ↔ above reproach, virtuous nefarious 사악한 infamous by way of being extremely wicked
virulent [vírjulənt] a. 치명적인, 독이 있는 1. a. extremely infectious, malignant, or poisonous
b. capable of causing disease by breaking down protective mechanisms of the host
2. bitterly hostile or antagonistic; hateful 3. intensely irritating, obnoxious, or harsh
obnoxious 밉살스러운, 불쾌한; (비난, 위험 등을) 받기 쉬운 virulent ↔ salubrious, harmless, genial, benign salubrious 건강에 좋은 conducive or favorable to health or well-being
visceral [víṣərəl] a. 내장의; 본능적인; 세련되지 않은, 거친, 젠체하
지 않는 1. relating to, situated in, or affecting the viscera 2. perceived in or as if in the viscera; profound 3. instinctive: visceral needs; instinctive
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visceral ↔ exterior, outside, external visceral ↔ conscious, intellectual, reasoning visceral ↔ learned, refined
viscid [vísid] a. 끈적끈적한 1. thick and adhesive. used of a fluid 2. covered with a sticky or clammy coating
clammy 끈끈한, 냉습한 viscid ↔ slick slick 윤기 나는, 미끄러운; 교묘한, 재치 있는
viscous [vískəs] a. 점성의, 끈적끈적한 : VISCID 1. having relatively high resistance to flow 2. viscid
glutinous ↔ nonviscous glutinous 아교질의; 끈적끈적한 of the nature of or resembling glue;
sticky
visionary [víʒənèri / -nəri] a. 공상의 : UTOPIAN visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging (A >> B) officious 참견하는, 주제넘게 나서는 obliging 남을 돌보는, 친절한 ready to do favors for others;
accommodating
vista [vístə] n. 전망, 조망; 회상; 예상, 전망 : PROSPECT 1. a. a distant view or prospect, especially one seen
through an opening, as between rows or buildings or trees b. an avenue or other passage affording
such a view 2. an awareness of a range of time, events, or subjects; a
broad mental view placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista
vitality [vaitǽləti] n. 활력, 원기; 생명력 1. the capacity to live, grow, or develop 2. physical or intellectual vigor; energy 3. the characteristic, principle, or force that distinguishes
living things from nonliving things 4. power to survive * vitalize [váitəlaiz] v. 생명을 주다, 생기를 주다; 원기를 북돋
우다 1. to endow with life; animate 2. to make more lively or vigorous; invigorate
attenuate : thickness :: enervate : vitality :: debase : value dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality :: fade : brightness arrest ↔ vitalize arrest 체포하다; (눈길을) 끌다; 방해/저지하다
vitality ↔ enervation, soporific
vitiate [víʃièit] v. 손상시키다, 타락시키다 : IMPAIR 1. to reduce the value or impair the quality of 2. to corrupt morally; debase 3. to make ineffective; invalidate
vitiate ↔ strengthen, fortify, invigorate, buttress
vitrify [vítrəfài] vi. 유리질로 만들다 : to convert into glass or a glassy substance by heat and
fusion tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth tarnish ~을 흐리게 하다, 변색시키다, 바래게 하다
vitriolic [vítriɑ lik / -ɔ l -] a. 신랄한 : bitterly scathing; caustic * vitriol n. 통렬한 비평, 신랄한 반어
vitriolic ↔ soothing vitriol ↔ gentle word, soothing word, smooth word
vituperative [vaitjúːpərèitiv] a. 비난하는, 헐뜯는 : using, containing, or marked by harshly abusive censure
* vituperate v. * vituperation n.
vituperation : philippic :: lionize : admire :: vituperate : despise lionize 치켜세우다
vituperate ↔ admire, praise, adulate vituperative ↔ adulatory, admirable, complimentary, laudatory
vivacious [vivéiʃəs, vai-] a. 활기 있는, 활발한 : SPRIGHTLY : full of animation and spirit; lively
vivacious ↔ languid, phlegmatic, leaden phlegmatic 게으른, 무기력한; 냉정한 leaden [lédən] (납처럼) 무거운; 활기 없는, 나른한
vivid [vívid] a. 활기찬 : LIVELY 1. perceived as bright and distinct; brilliant 2. a. having intensely bright colors b. having a very high
degree of saturation 3. full of the vigor and freshness of immediate experience 4. a. evoking lifelike images within the mind; heard, seen, or
felt as if real b. active in forming lifelike images * vivify v. ~에게 생명(생기)을 주다, 활발하게 하다
vivid : intensify :: intensify to make intense or more intense
vivid ↔ weary vivify ↔ inhibit, deaden, dampen
vocal [vóukəl] adj. 목소리의, 음성의; 잘 지껄이는, 떠들썩하게 주장하
는, 자유로이 의견을 말하는 vocal ↔ reticent
vociferous [vousífərəs] a. 떠들썩한 : making, given to, or marked by noisy and vehement outcry
vociferous ↔ reticent, monotone, serene, still
vogue [voug] n. 유행, 인기 : POPULARITY 1. the prevailing fashion, practice, or style 2. popular acceptance or favor; popularity
volatile [vɑ lətil / vɔ lətàil] a. 휘발성의;변덕스러운,격해지기 쉬운 1. a. tending to vary often or widely, as in price b. inconstant; fickle c. lighthearted; flighty d. ephemeral; fleeting 2. tending to violence; explosive * n. volatility
instable : volatility :: harmonious : congruence craven : heroic :: volatile : constant (OPPOSITE) volatile : temper :: ready : wit (변덕스러운 : 기질 :: 민첩한 : 기지) ready ~에 재빠른, 민첩한 ex. a ready wit 재치 있는 말이 금방 나오는 사람
volatile : evaporate :: soluble : dissolve volatile ↔ constant, stable imperturbability ↔ volatility
volition [voulíʃən] n. 의욕, 결단력 : WILL 1. the act or an instance of making a conscious choice or
decision 2. a conscious choice or decision 3. the power or faculty of choosing; the will
* volitional 의지적인, 의지에서 나온 volition ↔ inability to choose/select volitional ↔ unintentional, compulsory, compelling, involuntary, unwilling
voluble [vɑ ljəbəl / vɔ l-] a. 유창한; 회전성의 : GLIB, FLUENT 1. marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent 2. turning easily on an axis; rotating
* volubility n. 유창, 수다
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voluble : verbosity :: licentious : dissoluteness licentious 음탕한, 부도덕한 dissolute 방탕한, 무절제한 lacking moral restraint; indulging in
sensual pleasures or vices audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE) maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse (OPPOSITE) abandon : inhibition :: volubility : terseness (OPPOSITE) voluble : talkative :: (A=B) volubility ↔ taciturnity, reticence voluble ↔ taciturn, succinct, reticent, laconic
voluminous [vəlúːmənəs] a. 부피가 큰, 다량의 1. having great volume, fullness, size, or number 2. filling or capable of filling a large volume or many
volumes 3. ample or lengthy in speech or writing 4. having many coils; winding
voluminous ↔ scanty, scarce, sparse, summarizing
voluntary [váləntei|vɔ ləntəri] a. 자발적인; 자연히 일어나는, 무심
결에 생기는(spontaneous) 1. arising from or acting on one's own free will 2. acting, serving, or done willingly and without constraint
or expectation of reward 3. normally controlled by or subject to individual volition 4. capable of making choices; having the faculty of will 5. supported by contributions or charitable donations
rather than by government appropriations voluntary ↔ coercion
volunteer [vɑ ləntíər / vɔ l-] a. 자발적인; 자생의 volunteer ↔ obligatory
voluptuous [vəlʌ ptʃuəs] a. 사치스러운; 호색인, 음탕한 1. giving, characterized by, or suggesting ample,
unrestrained pleasure to the senses 2. devoted to or indulging in sensual pleasures b. directed
toward or anticipating sensual pleasure 3. arising from or contributing to the satisfaction of
sensuous or sensual desires voluptuary ↔ ascetic Spartan ↔ Sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious voluptuous ↔ self contained, self denying self-contained 삼가는, 절제심이 있는 (self-controlled) self-denial 자제, 극기
voluptuousness ↔ austereness
vomit [vɑ mit / vɔ m-] n. 토하다; 뿜어내다, 분출하다 2. to be discharged forcefully and abundantly; spew or gush
vomit : disgorge :: (EQUAL) gorge (게걸스럽게) 먹다
voracious [vouréiʃəs] a. 게걸스레 먹는 : INSATIABLE 1. consuming or eager to consume great amounts of food;
ravenous 2. having or marked by an insatiable appetite for an activity
or a pursuit; greedy impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy voracious : food :: avaricious : money voracity ↔ lack of appetite voracious ↔ easily sated, abstemious voraciousness ↔ abstemiousness
votary [vóutəri] n. 신봉자; 열렬한 추구자 1. a. a person bound by vows to live a life of religious
worship or service b. a devout adherent of a cult or religion; a committed worshiper
2. a person who is fervently devoted, as to a leader or an ideal; a faithful follower
3. a person who is filled wit enthusiasm, as for a pursuit or
hobby; an enthusiast votary ↔ skeptic, reactionary, apostate
vouch [vautʃ] vi. 보증하다, 뒷받침하다 1. to give personal assurances; give a guarantee 2. to constitute supporting evidence; give substantiation
vouch ↔ refuse to guarantee
vouchsafe [vautʃséif] v. 허용하다 : to grant or furnish often in a gracious or condescending
manner vouchsafe ↔ prohibit
vulgar [vʌ lgər] a. 서민의, 상스러운 : COARSE 1. of or associated with the great masses of people; common 2. spoken by or expressed in language spoken by the
common people; vernacular 3. a. deficient in taste, delicacy, or refinement b. marked by a
lack of good breeding; boorish c. offensively excessive in self-display or expenditure;
ostentatious 4. crudely indecent
genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear (A한 사람은 B의 속성이 없다) genteel 태생이 좋은, 품위 있는, 우아한 intrepid 담한, 두려움을 모르는 resolutely courageous; fearless
vulgar ↔ noble, aesthetic, refined vulgarian ↔ aesthete (altruist는 오답) vulgarity ↔ polish (neatness는 오답)
vulnerable[vʌ ln:ərəb:əl] a. 상하기 쉬운, 공격당하기 쉬운, 약점이 있는 1. a. susceptible to physical injury b. susceptible to attack c. open to censure or criticism; assailable 2. liable to succumb, as to persuasion or temptation
vulnerable ↔ safe
vulture [vʌ ltʃər] n. 독수리같이 탐욕스러운 사람, 등쳐먹고 사는 사람 vulture ↔ altruist
W waddle [wɑ dl|wɔ dl] v. 어기적어기적 걷다; 건들거리며 나아가다
1. to walk with short steps that tilt the body from side to side 2. to walk heavily and clumsily with a pronounced sway
slither : snake :: waddle : duck slither [slíðər] 주르르 미끄러지다, (뱀처럼) 미끄러지듯 나아가다
waffle [wɑ f-əl / wɔ f-əl] vi. 말끝을 흐리다, 둘러 다: BLATHER : to speak or write evasively
waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter (OPPOSITE) enunciate 분명하게 발음하다, 명확히 말하다 disinter 파내다, 발굴하다
waffle ↔ speak unequivocally, insist harshly, express succinctly
waft [wæft, -a:-] v. 감돌게 하다, 가볍게 나르다 1. to cause to go gently and smoothly through the air or over
water 2. to convey or send floating through the air or over water
waft : plummet :: meander : dash
wag [wæg] n. (꼬리, 머리를) 흔들기; 익살꾼 : WIT, JOKER : a humorous or droll person; a wit
ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag wag : humorous :: dolt : stupid :: buffoon : ludicrous :: libertine : dissolute dolt 얼간이, 바보 a person regarded as stupid
grouch : irritable :: wag : droll grouch : 토라진 사람, 투덜 는 사람, 투덜거림, 투덜거리다
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waif [weif] n. 떠돌이, 부랑자 waif : pariah :: (A = B)
wan [wɑn / wɔn] a. 창백한, 힘없는 : SICKLY, PALLID,FEEBLE 1. unnaturally pale, as from physical or emotional distress 2. suggestive or indicative of weariness, illness, or
unhappiness; melancholy wan ↔ hale, rubicund, intense, intensive, robust, sanguine, animated, vigorous hale 강건한, 원기 왕성한 free from infirmity or illness; sound rubicund 혈색이 좋은, 홍조를 띤 inclined to a healthy rosiness;
ruddy
wander [wɑ ndəːr / wɔ n-] 1. to move about without a definite destination or purpose 2. to go by an indirect route or at no set pace; amble 3. to proceed in an irregular course; meander 4. to go astray 5. to lose clarity or coherence of thought or expression
wander ↔ move purposely
wanderlust [wɑ ndəːrlʌ st / wɔ n-] n. 방랑벽 : a very strong or irresistible impulse to travel
curiosity : know :: wanderlust : travel
wane [wein] v. 쇠퇴하다, 약해지다 : DWINDLE, DIM 1. to decrease gradually in size, amount, intensity or
degree; decline 2. to exhibit a decreasing illuminated area from full moon
to new moon 3. to approach an end
emergence ↔ waning burgeoning ↔ waning resurgence ↔ waning vitally wane ↔ wax, increase, escalate, intensify
want [wɔ(ː)nt, wɑnt] n. 결핍 repletion ↔ want repletion 충만; 포식, 과식
wanton [wɔ (ː)nt-ən, wɑ n-] a. 제멋 로의, 부당한; 지나치게 화려한, 바람기 있는, 호색적인 : MISCHIEVOUS
1. immoral or unchaste; lewd 2. a. gratuitously cruel; merciless b. marked by unprovoked,
gratuitous maliciousness; capricious and unjust 3. unrestrainedly excessive 4. luxuriant; overabundant 5. frolicsome; playful 6. undisciplined; spoiled
gratuitous 무료의; 이유 없는; 불필요한 wantonness ↔ temperance
wardrobe [wɔ ːrdròub] n. 옷장 : CLOTHESPRESS vocabulary : word :: wardrobe : garment (itinerary : journey는 오답) larder : food :: wardrobe : clothes :: bookcase : books :: reservoir : water larder 식료품 저장실
warmonger [wɔ ːrmʌ ŋgəːr] n. 전쟁 도발자 : JINGO : one who urges or attempts to stir up war
jingo 외 강경론자, 맹목적 애국주의자 dove, pacifist ↔ warmonger, jingoist dove 비둘기; 유순한 사람; 평화주의자
warp v. 구부리다; 일탈시키다; 비뚤어지게 하다 1. to turn or twist (wood, for example) out of shape 2. to turn from a correct or proper course; deflect 3. to affect unfavorably, unfairly, or wrongly; bias 4. to arrange (strands of yarn or thread) so that they run
lengthwise in weaving
aligned ↔ warped
warrant [wɔ (ː)rənt, wɑ r-] v.t.허가/인가하다;정당한 이유/근거 가 되다 1. to guarantee or attest to the quality, accuracy, or condition
of 2. to guarantee or attest to the character or reliability of;
vouch for 3. a. to guarantee (a product) b. to guarantee (a purchaser)
indemnification against damage or loss 4. to guarantee the immunity or security of 5. to provide adequate grounds for; justify 6. to grant authorization or sanction to (someone); authorize
or empower warrant ↔ disallow, forbid, disapprove, deny gratuitous ↔ warranted, merited gratuitous 무료의, 무보수의; 이유 없는, 여분의 merited 가치가 있는; 당연한
wary [wɛ -əri] a. 방심하지 않는, 조심하는 1. on guard; watchful 2. characterized by caution
vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled (A=B하기 어려운)
wary : gulled :: vigilant : ambushed (A면 B하지 않는다) wary : paranoid :: confident : arrogant (A<<B) vigilant : waylaid :: wary : duped remiss ↔ scrupulous, wary, painstaking remiss 태만한, 성의 없는; 부주의한, 소홀한 painstaking 애쓰는, 수고를 아끼지 않는, 부지런한
wastrel [wéistr-əl] n. 방탕아, 낭비가; 건달, 깡패:PROFLIGATE 1. one who wastes, especially one who wastes money; a
profligate 2. an idler or a loafer
inexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel
waterproof [wɔ ːtəːrprùːf] a. 방수의 waterproof ↔ permeable
watershed [wɔ ːtəːrʃèd] n. 분수계(分水界); 전환점 : TURNING POINT
a critical point that marks a division or a change of course; a turning point
watershed ↔ routine (ambiguity는 오답)
wax [wæks] v. 커지다, 증 하다, 차다 n. 증가 1. to increase gradually in size, number, strength, or intensity 2. to show a progressively larger illuminated area, as the
moon does in passing from new to full 3. to grow or become as specified
varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum wax ↔ decrease, decline, diminution, diminish, dwindle, waste away, flag, wane, ebb, shrink, fade, wither (relinquish는 오답)
wax ↔ subside
waylay [wèiléi] v. 잠복하여 습격하다 : to lie in wait for or attack from ambush
vigilant : waylaid :: wary : duped watchful : waylaid :: cunning : gulled :: wary : duped (A한 사람은 좀처럼 B하지 않는다) gull a person who is easily tricked or cheated; a dupe
weary [wí(:)əri] a. 피곤한, 지친; 싫증난 1. physically or mentally fatigued 2. expressive of or prompted by fatigue 3. having one's interest, forbearance, or indulgence worn out 4. causing fatigue; tiresome
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weasel [wí:zəl] v. 약속을 어기다, 속이다, 얼버무리다 weasel ↔ speak frankly
weather [wéðəːr] v. 극복하다, 풍화하다 1 : to expose to the open air : subject to the action of the
elements 2 : to bear up against and come safely through : to undergo or endure the action of the elements
weighty a. 무거운, 중요한, 중 한, 영향력 있는, 짓눌리는, 답답
한, 괴로운 1. having considerable weight; heavy 2. burdensome; oppressive 3. of great consequence; momentous 4. having great power or influence 5. solemn; serious
weld [weld] v. 용접하다; 합치다, 통일하다 1. to join (metals) by applying heat, sometimes with
pressure and sometimes with in intermediate or filler metal having a high melting point
2. to bring into close association or union weld : metal :: sew : fabric weld ↔ divide
welter [wéltəːr] n. 뒤죽박죽; 소동, 혼란 1. a confused mass; a jumble 2. confusion; turmoil
welter ↔ orderly arrangement
wheedle [hwíːdl] v.t. 감언이설로 속여 얻어내다 1. to persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or guile;
cajole 2. to obtain through the use of flattery or guile
wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion (EQUAL) extort 강요하다, 빼앗다 coercion 강제, 강요
whet [hwet] v.t. 날카롭게 갈다; (욕망 등을) 돋우다, 자극하다 1. to sharpen (a knife, for example); hone 2. to make more keen; stimulate
Whet : sharpness :: whet : blunt :: (OPPOSITE) whet ↔ dull, blunt blunt a.무딘, v.무디게 하다, n.뭉툭한 것
whiff [hwif] n. 한번 불기 1. a slight, gentle gust of air; a waft 2. a. a brief, passing odor carried in the air b. a minute
trace 3. an inhalation, as of air or smoke
waft 감돌게 하다, 가볍게 나르다 blast : whiff :: gush : trickle (A >> B)
whimsical [hwímzik-əl] a. 변덕스러운; 기발한 1. determined by, arising from, or marked by whim or
caprice 2. erratic in behavior or degree of unpredictability
caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied :: insight : discerning
mercurial : mood :: whimsical : behavior :: fickle : affection whimsical : caprice :: insightful : penetration whimsical ↔ constant, dependable
wholesome [hóulsəm] a. 건전한, 건강에 좋은 1. conducive to sound health or well-being; salutary 2. promoting mental, moral, or social health 3. enjoying or marked by physical, mental, or moral
soundness; healthy
decadence, taint ↔ wholesomeness decadence 타락, 쇠퇴
wholesome, unspoiled ↔ deleterious, insalubrious, morbid, tainted, sordid salubrious 건강에 좋은 conducive or favorable to health or well-being morbid 병적인, 병을 일으키는; 건전하지 못한
noxious ↔ wholesome, sanitary, innocuous sanitary 위생의, 위생상의, 위생적인
wicked [wíkid] a. 사악한 : EVIL 1. evil by nature and in practice 2. playfully malicious or mischievous 3. severe and distressing 4. highly offensive; obnoxious
nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality (EQUAL) nefarious 사악한, 악질인 infamous by way of being extremely wicked
willful [wílfəl] a. 계획적인; 옹고집의 ; wilful(영국식) 1. said or done on purpose; deliberate 2. obstinately bent on having one's own way
willfulness : headstrong :: subservience : fawning (EQUAL, 명 : 형) subservient 굴종하는, 비굴한, 추종하는; 도움이 되는, 유용한
willful : acquiesce :: (A한 사람은 B하기 힘들다) acquiesce 묵인하다, 순종하다 willful ↔ tractable
willow [wílou] n. 버드나무 * willowy 가냘픈, 유연한
willowy ↔
wilt [wilt] v. 시들다 to become limp or flaccid; droop:
wilt ↔ flourish, thrive
wily [wáili] a. 교활한 : CRAFTY, CUNNING full of wiles
wince [wins] v. 주춤/움찔하다 : FLINCH to shrink or start involuntarily, as in pain or distress
wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt pout 삐죽거리다, 뿌루퉁하다 to exhibit displeasure or disappointment
windbag [wíndbæg] n. 공기 주머니, 풀무; 수다쟁이 windbag ↔ taciturnity
windy [windi] a. 바람이 부는; 수다스러운, 장황한, 알맹이 없는 1. lacking substance; empty 2. given to or characterized by prolonged talk; verbose
windy : concise :: hackneyed : original (OPPOSITE) windy ↔ terse, succinct
winnow [wínou] v. 키질하다; 선별하다 winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities (A = B를 없앰) winnow : grain :: purify : water :: refine : oil (A = B를 선별)
winsome [wínsəm] a. 애교 있는 : charming, often in a childlike or naive way * winning adj. 매력적인, 사람을 끄는; 승리의
unprepossessing ↔ entrancing, winsome prepossessing 인상이 좋은, 매력 있는 serving to impress favorably;
pleasing winsome, winning ↔ repelling, repellent, unprepossessing, repugnant unprepossessing; failing to impress favorably; nondescript
wistful [wístfəl] a. 탐나는 듯한, 말하고 싶은 듯한, 생각에 잠긴 : full of wishful yearning : pensively sad, melancholy 예; look with wistful eyes at the dolls in the window 쇼윈도의
인형을 탐나는 듯이 쳐다보다
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wistful : yearning :: effervescent : ebullience
wit [wit] n. 기지; 지혜 있는 사람 : INGENUITY 1. the natural ability to perceive and understand;
intelligence 2. a. keenness and quickness of perception or discernment;
ingenuity b. sound mental facilities; sanity 3. a. the ability to perceive and express in an ingeniously
humorous manner the relationship between seemingly incongruous or disparate things
volatile : temper :: ready : wit wit ↔ dullard dullard 바보, 멍청이 a person regarded as mentally dull; a dolt
witch [witʃ] n. 마녀 : SORCERESS retainer : retinue :: witch : coven retainer 신하, 종자 retinue (집합적) 시종의 일행, 수행단 coven 마녀들의 모임 an assembly of 13 witches
withdraw [wiðdrɔ ː, wiθ-] vi. 철회하다, 물러나다 1. a. to take back or away; remove b. to remove (money)
from an account c. to turn away (one's gaze, for example) d. to draw aside
2. a. to remove from consideration or participation b. to recall or retract
roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw roister 으스 다; 법석을 떨다 carouse 흥청 다, 술을 마시고 법석 다
press ↔ withdrawal issue ↔ withdraw tender ↔ withdraw tender ~에게 제출하다, (금전, 물품 등을) 제공하다
wither [wíðəːr] v.t. 시들다, 풀이 죽다 1. to dry up or shrivel from or as if from loss of moisture 2. to lose freshness; droop
shrivel 주름지다, 시들다, 못쓰게 되다 dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality :: fade : brightness wither ↔ revive, burgeon withered ↔ lush
withhold [wiðhóuld, wiθ-] v.t. 보류하다, 만류하다 1. to keep in check; restrain 2. to refrain from giving, granting, or permitting
withhold ↔ grant, proffer
wizen [wíz-ən] v. 시들다 : to dry up; wither or shrivel
shrivel [ʃrívəl] 시들다; 움츠러들다, 무력해지다 wizened ↔ thriving, blooming, unwrinkled, moist, smooth, thick wizen ↔ thrive
wobble [wɑ b-əl / wɔ b-əl] vi. 동요하다, 흔들거리다 1. to move or rotate with an uneven or rocking motion or
unsteadily from side to side 2. to tremble or quaver 3. to waver or vacillate in one's opinions or feelings
wobble ↔ stabilize
woo [wuː] v. 구애하다; 얻으려고 노력하다, 애쓰다 : COURT 1. to seek the affection of with intent to romance 2. a. to seek to achieve; try to gain b. to tempt or invite 3. to entreat, solicit, or importune
wordsmith [wə ːrdsmìθ] n. 문장가 1. a fluent and prolific writer, especially one who writes
professionally 2. an expert on words
raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing raconteur [rækantə :r] 이야기꾼
wordy [wә:rdi] a. 말 수가 많은, 장황한; 말의, 말에 의한 1. relating to or consisting of words; verbal 2. tending to use, using, or expressed in more words than are
necessary to convey meaning
worldly [wə ːrldli] a. 현세의, 지상의; 세속적인, 평범한, 속된 : MUNDANE
1. of, relating to, or devoted to the temporal world 2. sophisticated; cosmopolitan
worldly ↔ singular, naive, spiritual, otherworldly
worship [wə ːrʃip] n. 숭배 1. a. the reverent love and devotion accorded a deity, an idol,
or a sacred object b. the ceremonies, prayers, or other religious forms by which this love is
expressed 2. ardent devotion; adoration
worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury
wrangler [rǽŋg-ələːr] n. 언쟁/논쟁하는 사람; 카우보이 : COWBOY
1. one who wrangles or quarrels 2. a cowboy or cowgirl, especially one who tends saddle
horses saddle horse 승용 말
lariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd lariat 올가미 밧줄 = lasso crook 굽은 것, 갈고리; (양치기, 주교 등의) 손잡이가 굽은 지팡이
wretched [rét∫id] a. 가엾은, 불쌍한; 야비한, 비열한; 지독한 1. in a deplorable state of distress or misfortune; miserable 2. characterized by or attended with misery or woe 3. of poor or mean character; dismal 4. contemptible; despicable
elation ↔ wretchedness elation 의기 양양, 우쭐댐
writ [rit] n. 영장, 공식 문서 : (law) a written order issued by a court, commanding the
party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act
wry [rai] a. 얼굴을 찡그린, 비꼬는; 뒤틀린, 굽은 1. dryly humorous, often with a touch of irony 2. temporarily twisted in an expression of distaste or
displeasure 3. abnormally twisted or bent to one side; crooked 4. being at variance with what is right, proper, or suitable;
perverse perverse 외고집의; 성미가 비꼬인
wry ↔ even, straight, true, direct, undeviating
Y yacht [jɑt / jɔt] n. 요트
yardstick [jɑ ːrdstìk] n. 야드 자; (판단 등의) 기준, 척도 1. a graduated measuring stick one yard in length 2. a test or standard used in measurement, comparison, or
judgment
yaw [jɔː] v. 한쪽으로 흔들리다, 빗나가다 1. (nautical) to swerve off course momentarily or temporarily 2. to turn about the vertical axis 3. to move unsteadily
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yawn [jɔːn] v. 하품하다 1. to open the mouth wide with a deep inhalation, usually
involuntarily from drowsiness, fatigue, or boredom 2. to open wide; gape
yawn : fatigue :: laugh : mirth (whistle : attention은 오답) yawn : sleepiness :: blush : embarrassment
yearn [jə:rn] v. 갈망하다, 그리워하다; 동정하다, 불쌍히 여기다 1. to have a strong, often melancholy desire 2. to feel deep pity, sympathy, or tenderness
yield [jiːld] vi. 산출하다, 낳다; 양보하다, 포기하다, 따르다 1. a. to give forth by or as if by a natural process, especially
by cultivation b. to furnish as return for effort or investment; be productive of
2. a. to give over possession of, as in deference or defeat; surrender b. to give up (an advantage, for example) to another; concede
beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield (OPPOSITE) tenacious 집착하는, 고집 센
tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry (OPPOSITE) insouciant 무관심한, 태평한 marked by blithe unconcern;
nonchalant evanescent : disappear :: pliant : yield (A = B하기 쉬운) default : pay :: yield : resist (OPPOSITE) default (의무 등의) 불이행, 태만, 체납
obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble (OPPOSITE) meek ↔ unyielding meek 온순한, 유순한; 패기 없는, 굴종적인
dogged ↔ yielded dogged 끈덕진, 완고한, 고집 센 stubbornly persevering; tenacious
outmaneuver ↔ yield outmaneuver 책략으로 이기다
yoke [jouk] v.t. 멍에를 씌우다; 결합시키다, 한데 묶다; 속박하다 1. to fit or join with a yoke 2. a. to harness a draft animal to b. to harness (a draft
animal) to a vehicle or an implement 3. to join securely as if with a yoke; bind 4. to force into heavy labor, bondage, or subjugation
harness 마구; 장치, 장비; 직무 sunder, asunder ↔ combine, yoke, bond sunder 분리/절단하다 to break or wrench apart; sever asunder 조각조각으로; 뿔뿔이, 산산이 sever 절단/분리하다
yokel [jóuk-əl] n. 시골뜨기 : a rustic; a bumpkin bumpkin an awkward, unsophisticated person; a yokel
yokel : sophistication :: coward : courage
Z zaniness [zéininis] n. 익살/어릿광
zany : 1. Ludicrously comical; clownish. 2. Comical because of incongruity or strangeness; bizarre.
zaniness ↔ gravity
zeal [ziːl] n. 열정 : enthusiastic devotion to a cause, an ideal, or a goal and
tireless diligence in its furtherance * zealot n. 광신자, 열광자
devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious (A << B) fastidious 까다로운; 세심한 주의가 필요한
zealot : passionate :: scrutinizer : observing fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthrift fervor 열정, 열렬 great warmth and intensity of emotion
providence 선견지명; 검소, 절약 miser : munificent :: zealot : blase (A ↔ B) munificent 아낌없이 주는, 후한 blase [bla:zéi] 싫증난, 물린; 무관심한
zealous : dedication :: mesmeric : interest (형 : 명) mesmerism 유혹; 최면(술)
zeal : dedicate :: rage : anger fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent (A >> B) fanatic 광신자
zealous : enthusiastic :: idolatrous : devoted idolatrous 우상 숭배의; 맹신하는
torpor ↔ zeal torpor 마비, 무감각, 무관심
zealotry ↔ lack of fervor vapid ↔ zealous vapid 지루한, 재미없는; 김빠진
zealot ↔ indifference, indifferent person, skeptic skeptic 회의론자
zealous [zéininis] a. 열심인, 열광적인(ardent, fervent) : filled with or motivated by zeal; fervent
zealous ↔ apathetic, apathetical
zenith n. 천정; 정상, 절정, 극치 1. the point on the celestial sphere that is directly above the
observer 2. the upper region of the sky 3. the highest point above the observer's horizon attained by
a celestial body 4. the point of culmination; the peak
zenith ↔ lowest point, nadir, lowliness, lack of fervor
zest [zest] n. 흥미 : RELISH, GUSTO 1. a. flavor or interest; piquancy b. the outermost part of the
rind of an orange or a lemon, used as flavoring 2. spirited enjoyment; gusto
gusto 취미, 즐김; 기쁨; 기품 zest ↔ vapidity zesty ↔ vapid, bland, insipid
zig [zig] 갑자기 방향을 바꾸다, 정처없이 움직이다 1. to turn or change direction suddenly. Usually used in
contrast to zag 2. to behave erratically or indecisively. Usually used with zag
zig ↔ lineation
zigzag [zígzæ g] n. 지그재그형 zigzag : turns :: montage : images montage 여러 개의 사진이나 그림을 결합하여 하나의 사진이나 그
림을 만드는 기법 zigzag ↔ lineate
zone [zoun] vi. 구획하다 zoning : lands :: allocation : funds zone ↔ amalgamate