Österreichische Nationalbank , Kassensaal Vienna, March 18, 2013
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1 / 38 Österreichische Nationalbank, Kassensaal Vienna, March 18, 2013 Prof. Dr. Aykut Kibritçioğlu Section for Economic Development and International Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Political Sciences, Ankara University, Turkey http://kibritcioglu.com/iktisat/ & [email protected] Some Observations on Trade Relations between Austria and Turkey Panel Discussion chaired by Governor Ewald Nowotny (OeNB) on: “Turkish-Austrian Economic Relations in a European and International Context”. Panelists: Murat Çetinkaya (CBRT), Ayşe Sezgin (MFA), Wolfgang Ruttenstorfer (VIG), Aykut Kibritçioğlu (AU).
description
Some Observations on Trade Relations between Austria and Turkey. Prof. Dr. Aykut Kibritçioğlu Section for Economic Development and International Economics, Department of Economics , Faculty of Political Sciences, Ankara University, Turkey - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Österreichische Nationalbank , Kassensaal Vienna, March 18, 2013
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Österreichische Nationalbank, KassensaalVienna, March 18, 2013
Prof. Dr. Aykut KibritçioğluSection for Economic Development and International Economics,
Department of Economics, Faculty of Political Sciences,Ankara University, Turkey
http://kibritcioglu.com/iktisat/ & [email protected]
Some Observations on Trade Relations between Austria and Turkey
Panel Discussion chaired by Governor Ewald Nowotny (OeNB) on: “Turkish-Austrian Economic Relations in a European and International Context”. Panelists: Murat Çetinkaya (CBRT), Ayşe Sezgin (MFA), Wolfgang Ruttenstorfer (VIG), Aykut Kibritçioğlu (AU).
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-9
-6
-3
0
3
6
9
Annual Inflation Rate (2010-12, HICP,%)
External balance of goods andservices / GDP (2010-12, %)
Energy intensity of the economy(2010, kgoe per 10 euro)
Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions(2009-10, in CO2 equivalent, 1990 =
2.0)
Annual Population Growth (2009-11,%)
Real GDP Growth (2010-12, %)
Unemployment Rate (2012.11, %)
TurkeyAustria
Turkey and Austria:Two Different Economies with Weak Linkages?
Source: Eurostat, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu, March 5, 2013
A Comparison according to Selected Seven Indicators
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Movement of Goods, Services & Factors among Two Economies: Direct & Indirect Linkages
TURKEY AUSTRIA
ThirdCountries
Trade in GoodsTrade in ServicesLabor MovementsCapital MovementsTechnology Transfer
Trade in GoodsTrade in ServicesLabor Movements
Capital MovementsTechnology Transfer
Trade in GoodsTrade in ServicesLabor Movements
Capital MovementsTechnology Transfer
Joint economic activities in third countries?
Trade in GoodsTrade in ServicesLabor Movements
Capital MovementsTechnology Transfer
Trade in GoodsTrade in ServicesLabor MovementsCapital MovementsTechnology Transfer
OECD-WTO: TiVA ?
Quick Answer?
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Turkey: open to trade, but low “per capita trade”Austria: member of the “trade nations club”?
Source: WTO Statistics Database (SDB), http://stat.wto.org, September 2012
UK
Korea
Israel
Germany
EU27
Brasil
France
Iraq
China
Austria
Switzerland
United Arab Emirates
S. Arabia
Iran
USA
Russian Fed.Turkey
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000
Trade per capita (US$, 2009-2011)
Tra
de
to
GD
P r
ati
o (
%, 2
00
9-2
01
1)
Major Trade Partners
of Austria (2011):
EU27
Switzerland
China
USA
Russian Federation
Major Trade Partners
of Turkey (2011):
EU27
Russian Federation
China
USA
Iraq
Iran
United Arab Emirates
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Merchandise Trade by Commodity(mln. USD at current prices, 1980 & 2011)
Indicator Flow Reporter Partner 1980 2011Share in World ... (%, 1980)
Share in World ... (%, 2011)
Increase (%, from 1980 to
2011)
Agricultural products Exports Austria World 2100 17356 0.7 1.0 726Agricultural products Exports Turkey World 1881 14949 0.6 0.9 695Agricultural products Exports World World 298800 1659524 100.0 100.0 455Agricultural products Imports Austria World 2517 17797 0.8 1.0 607Agricultural products Imports Turkey World 388 17574 0.1 1.0 4429Agricultural products Imports World World 312217 1745208 100.0 100.0 459
Manufactures Exports Austria World 14531 145072 1.3 1.3 898Manufactures Exports Turkey World 782 104210 0.1 0.9 13226Manufactures Exports World World 1092378 11510949 100.0 100.0 954Manufactures Imports Austria World 16849 136421 1.5 1.1 710Manufactures Imports Turkey World 3265 142034 0.3 1.2 4250Manufactures Imports World World 1110747 11927185 100.0 100.0 974
Source: WTO Statistics Database (SDB), http://stat.wto.org, September 2012
Both Turkey and Austria increased their exports & imports to/from the rest of the world between 1980 and 2011, in terms of trade values.
Austrian shares in world exports & imports of agricultural products increased, while its share in imports of manufacturing goods decreased slightly.
Turkey’s shares in global exports & imports of both, agricultural and manufacturing commodities increased significantly.
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Turkey & Austria within the Network ofGlobal Trade in Goods (%, World = 100, 1980 & 2011)
Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
Both countries’ shares in global trade in goods are, and were, limited, but Turkey increased her world share remarkably within the last three decades.
Turkey Austria Rest of the World World (Total)
Turkey 0.00 0.15 0.15
Austria 0.01 0.91 0.91
Rest of the World 0.14 0.89 97.91 98.94
World (Total) 0.15 0.89 98.96 100.00
1980 (W=>W: 100) Importing Countries
Ex
po
rtin
g
Co
un
trie
s
Turkey Austria Rest of the World World (Total)
Turkey 0.01 0.75 0.76
Austria 0.01 0.95 0.96
Rest of the World 1.16 1.00 96.11 98.28
World (Total) 1.17 1.01 97.82 100.00
2011 (W=>W: 100) Importing Countries
Exp
ort
ing
C
ou
ntr
ies
7 / 38Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
Turkey & Austria within the Network ofGlobal Trade in Goods (TR X = 1.0, 1980 & 2011)
Turkey Austria Rest of the World World (Total)
Turkey 1.0 53 54
Austria 1.8 323 325
Rest of the World 50 316 34902 35269
World (Total) 52 317 35278 35648
Ex
po
rtin
g
Co
un
trie
s
1980 (TR=>AU: 1.0) Importing Countries
Turkey Austria Rest of the World World (Total)
Turkey 1.0 127 128
Austria 1.7 161 163
Rest of the World 197 169 16277 16644
World (Total) 199 170 16566 16935
2011 (TR=>AU: 1.0) Importing Countries
Exp
ort
ing
C
ou
ntr
ies
However, the relative global importance of trade between Turkey and Austria has not increased significantly.
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Country Composition of Austrian Exports(%, 1960-2011)
Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
Turkey is not a major target country for Austrian exporters.
Their destination is mainly (old, and now also new) EU countries.
0
10 000
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50 000
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2006
2008
2010
Turkey
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
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90%
100%
1960
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1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Turkey
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
(Reporter: Austria, Exports, %)
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Country Composition of Austrian Imports(%, 1960-2011)
Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
Turkey is not a major source country for imported goods to Austria.Germany & EU13 are the main exporters to Austria. After 1994, the new
EU countries are gaining on importance in Austrian imports.
0
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20
08
20
10
Turkey
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
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08
20
10
Turkey
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
(Reporter: Austria, Imports, %)
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Country Composition of Turkish Exports(%, 1960-2011)
Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
Austria is not a major target country for Turkish exporters.
Their destination is mainly EU (old, and now new) countries.
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
110 000
120 000
130 000
140 000
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08
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10
Austria
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
19
60
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10
Austria
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
(Reporter: Turkey, Exports, %)
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2011
1987 19821950
1957
Country Shares inTurkish Exports(1948-2011)
1000
100
0100
5050
50
Middle East& North
Africa
Restof theWorld
0
EU27 Countries
(Reporter: Turkey)
Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
Changes in Country Composition ofTurkish Exports (%, 1948-2011)
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Country Composition of Turkish Imports(%, 1960-2011)
Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
Austria is not a major source country for Turkey’s imported goods from abroad. Again, the EU27 ist the …
0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 80 000 90 000
100 000 110 000 120 000 130 000 140 000 150 000 160 000 170 000 180 000 190 000 200 000 210 000 220 000 230 000 240 000
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10
Austria
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
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90%
100%
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Austria
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
(Reporter: Turkey, Imports, %)
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1989
1975
1952
1957
1982
2011
Country Shares inTurkish Imports(1948-2011)
1000
100
0100
50 50
50
Middle East& North
Africa
Restof theWorld
0
EU27 Countries
(Reporter: Turkey)
Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
Changes in Country Composition ofTurkish Imports (%, 1948-2011)
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Bilateral Relative Importance of Turkey and Austria as Trade Partners (as of annual averages, 2009-2011)
Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “International Trade by Commodity Statistics” (SITC Rev. n 3), http://stats.oecd.org
Export Markets for Turkey
Exporters to TurkeyExport Markets for
AustriaExporters to Austria
1 Germany: % 7.5 Russian F.: % 13.9 Germany: % 29.0 Germany: % 39.0
2 UK: % 5.5 Germany: % 11.6 Italy: % 7.0 Italy: % 6.6
3 Italy: % 4.3 China: % 11.0 Switzerland: % 4.6 Switzerland: % 5.5
Austria: top 30. importing country
from Turkey
Austria: top 28. exporting country to
Turkey
Turkey: top 20. importing country
from Austria
Turkey: top 20. exporting country to
Austria
Austria: % 0.8 Austria: % 0.8 Turkey: % 0.9 Turkey: % 0.8
Top 29 importing countries' share in
Turkish Total Exports: % 79.3
Top 27 exporting countries' share in
Turkish Total Imports: % 81.8
Top 19 importing countries' share in
Austrian Total Exports: % 80.6
Top 19 exporting countries' share in
Austrian Total Imports: % 85.0
Turkey Turkey Austria AustriaReporter Country
Top Three Countries & their Trade Shares
Partner Country and its Rank in Total Trade
Total Share of the Countries before the Partner Country
Trade Share of the Partner Country
Commodity Coverage: All (Total). Country Coverage: All (243) Countries. Time Span: 2009-2011 (as annual averages).
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Commodity Composition of Austrian Exports & Imports to / from the World (%, 1988-2011)
Austria mainly exports to and imports from the world “machinery & transport equipment” and “manufactured goods”.
Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “International Trade by Commodity Statistics” (SITC Rev. n 3), http://stats.oecd.org
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
(Reporter: Austria, Imports, %)(Reporter: Austria, Exports, %)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0: Food and live animals
1: Beverages and tobacco
2: Crude materials, inedible,except fuels
3: Mineral fuels, lubricants andrelated materials
4: Animal and vegetable oils,fats and waxes
5: Chemicals and relatedproducts, n.e.s.
6: Manufactured goods
7: Machinery and transportequipment
8: Miscellaneous manufacturedarticles
9: Commodities andtransactions, n.e.s.
SITC
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Commodity Composition of Turkish Exports & Imports to / from the World (%, 1989-2011)
Turkey mainly exports “manufactured goods” and “machinery & transport equipment” to the world, while it imports mainly “machinery & transport equipment” from the world.
Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “International Trade by Commodity Statistics” (SITC Rev. n 3), http://stats.oecd.org
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0: Food and live animals
1: Beverages and tobacco
2: Crude materials, inedible,except fuels
3: Mineral fuels, lubricants andrelated materials
4: Animal and vegetable oils,fats and waxes
5: Chemicals and relatedproducts, n.e.s.
6: Manufactured goods
7: Machinery and transportequipment
8: Miscellaneousmanufactured articles
9: Commodities andtransactions, n.e.s.
(Reporter: Turkey, Exports, %) (Reporter: Turkey, Imports, %)
SITC
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Commodity Composition of Austrian Exports to Turkey (% & bln. USD, 1988-2011)
Austrian exports to Turkey mainly consist of “machinery and transport equipment” (SITC-7).
Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “International Trade by Commodity Statistics” (SITC Rev. n 3), http://stats.oecd.org
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0: Food and live animals
1: Beverages and tobacco
2: Crude materials, inedible,except fuels
3: Mineral fuels, lubricants andrelated materials
4: Animal and vegetable oils,fats and waxes
5: Chemicals and relatedproducts, n.e.s.
6: Manufactured goods
7: Machinery and transportequipment
8: Miscellaneousmanufactured articles
9: Commodities andtransactions, n.e.s.
(Reporter: Austria, Exports, %) (Reporter: Austria, Exports, FOB, bln. USD)
SITCTurkish Data
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Commodity Composition of Austrian Imports from Turkey (% & bln. US$, 1988-2011)
Austrian imports from Turkey mainly consist of “machinery and transport equipment” (SITC-7) and manufactured goods (SITC-6).
Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “International Trade by Commodity Statistics” (SITC Rev. n 3), http://stats.oecd.org
SITC
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
(Reporter: Austria, Imports, CIF, bln. USD)(Reporter: Austria, Imports, %)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0: Food and live animals
1: Beverages and tobacco
2: Crude materials, inedible,except fuels
3: Mineral fuels, lubricants andrelated materials
4: Animal and vegetable oils,fats and waxes
5: Chemicals and relatedproducts, n.e.s.
6: Manufactured goods
7: Machinery and transportequipment
8: Miscellaneousmanufactured articles
9: Commodities andtransactions, n.e.s.
Turkish Data
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Commodity Composition of Turkish Exports to Austria (% & bln. US$, 1989-2011)
Turkish data states that Turkey exports to Austria mainly SITC-7 and SITC-6 products.
Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “International Trade by Commodity Statistics” (SITC Rev. n 3), http://stats.oecd.org
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0: Food and live animals
1: Beverages and tobacco
2: Crude materials, inedible,except fuels
3: Mineral fuels, lubricants andrelated materials
4: Animal and vegetable oils,fats and waxes
5: Chemicals and relatedproducts, n.e.s.
6: Manufactured goods
7: Machinery and transportequipment
8: Miscellaneousmanufactured articles
9: Commodities andtransactions, n.e.s.
(Reporter: Turkey, Exports, FOB, bln. USD)(Reporter: Turkey, Exports, %)
SITCAustrian Data
20 / 38
Commodity Composition of Turkish Imports from Austria (% & bln. US$, 1989-2011)
Turkish imports from Austria mainly consist of “machinery and transport equipment” (SITC-7) and manufactured goods (SITC-6).
Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “International Trade by Commodity Statistics” (SITC Rev. n 3), http://stats.oecd.org
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0: Food and live animals
1: Beverages and tobacco
2: Crude materials, inedible,except fuels
3: Mineral fuels, lubricants andrelated materials
4: Animal and vegetable oils,fats and waxes
5: Chemicals and relatedproducts, n.e.s.
6: Manufactured goods
7: Machinery and transportequipment
8: Miscellaneousmanufactured articles
9: Commodities andtransactions, n.e.s.
(Reporter: Turkey, Imports, CIF, bln. USD)(Reporter: Turkey, Imports, %)
SITCAustrian Data
21 / 38
Commodity Structure of Turkish-Austrian Trade in Goods (%, 1989 & 2011)
Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “International Trade by Commodity Statistics” (SITC Rev. n 3), http://stats.oecd.org
Primary Products
Manufacturing Products
TotalPrimary
ProductsManufacturing
ProductsTotal
Primary Products 37.8 37.8 Primary Products 23.0 23.0
Manufactured Products
62.2 62.2Manufactured Products
77.0 77.0
Total 37.8 62.2 100.0 Total 23.0 77.0 100.0
Ex
po
rts
of
Tu
rke
y
Ex
po
rts
of
Tu
rke
y
1989 (Reporter: Turkey) Imports of Austria 2011 (Reporter: Turkey) Imports of Austria
Primary Products
Manufacturing Products
TotalPrimary
ProductsManufacturing
ProductsTotal
Primary Products 9.2 9.2 Primary Products 12.5 12.5
Manufactured Products
90.8 90.8Manufactured Products
87.5 87.5
Total 9.2 90.8 100.0 Total 12.5 87.5 100.0
Imports of Turkey
Ex
po
rts
of
Au
str
ia
Ex
po
rts
of
Au
str
ia
1989 (Reporter: Austria) Imports of Turkey 2011 (Reporter: Austria)
Definitions for Product Groups:Primary Products: SITC = + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 68
Manufactured Products: SITC 5 + 6 - 68 + 7 + 8
22 / 38
“Trade Data Discrepancy” betweenTurkey & Austria (%, 1948-2011)
Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
There are huge differences between the reported Turkish exports and Austrian imports data for trade between two countries: 1961-1980, 1981-1988 & 1995-2011.
It cannot simply be explained by the “FOB/CIF factor”. Reporting / recording errors or lags? Re-exports? Needs to be investigated in detail…
35
50
65
80
95
110
125
140
155
170
185
200
215
230
245
260
275
290
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Turkey's Exports to Austria / Austria's Imports from TurkeyTurkey's Imports from Austria / Austria's Exports to TurkeyExports = Imports
Turkey's Exports to Austria / Austria's Imports from TurkeyTurkey's Imports from Austria / Austria's Exports to TurkeyExports = Imports
23 / 38
Comparison & Development of National Trade Shares according to Turkish & Austrian Trade Data (%, 1948-2011)
Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
19
48
19
50
19
52
19
54
19
56
19
58
19
60
19
62
19
64
19
66
19
68
19
70
19
72
19
74
19
76
19
78
19
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
20
10
Share of Turkey's Exports to Austria in Turkey's Total Goods Exports to the World
Share of Turkey's Imports from Austria in Turkey's Total Goods Imports from the World
Share of Austria's Exports to Turkey in Austria's Total Goods Exports to the World
Share of Austria's Imports form Turkey in Austria's Total Goods Imports from the World
24 / 38
Exports (FOB) to Imports (CIF) Ratio for Bilateral Trade between Turkey and Austria
(%, 1948-2011)
Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Austrian Exports to Imports Ratio for Trade with Turkey
Turkish Exports to Imports Ratio for Trade with Austria
Exports = Imports
25 / 38
OECD-WTO Joint Database on“Trade in Value Added” (TiVA)
[ Current Coverage: 2005, 2008, 2009; Planned Coverage: since 1995 ]
Linkages
What is Trade in Value Added?
“Trade in value-added describes a statistical approach used to estimate the source(s) of value (by country and industry) that is added in producing goods and services for export (and import). It recognises that growing global value chains mean that a country's exports increasingly rely on significant intermediate imports (and, so, value added by industries in upstream countries). For example, a motor vehicle exported by country A may require significant parts, such as engines, seats etc produced in other countries. In turn these countries will use intermediate inputs imported from other countries, such as steel, rubber etc to produce the parts exported to A. The Trade in value-added approach traces the value added by each industry and country in the production chain and allocates the value-added to these source industries and countries.”
Source & More Info: http://www.oecd.org/trade/valueaddedDatabase: http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TIVA_OECD_WTOWTO’s Trade Data Day: 16 January 2013, http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/miwi_e/tradedataday13_e/tradedataday13_e.htm
26 / 38Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “International Trade by Commodity Statistics” (HS 2007), http://stats.oecd.org
Austria’s Top 10 Export Commodity Groupsin Trade with Turkey (as annual averages, 2009-2011)
A1 B1 C D1 D2 A2 B2
Value of Turkey's Imports in the
relevant CG from Austria (mln. USD,
CIF)
CG's Share in Turkey's Total
Imports (CIF) from Austria (%)
Reporter Country Turkey Turkey Turkey Turkey Austria Austria Austria Turkey
Share in Turkish HS84 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS84 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS84 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS84 Imports from
China (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS84 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS84 Imports from Italy
(mln. USD, CIF)
17.7 3 871 17.4 3 808 12.2 2 670
Share in Turkish HS85 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS85 Imports from
China (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS85 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS85 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS85 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS85 Imports from
Korea (mln. USD, CIF)
29.1 4 235 11.2 1 625 5.7 835
Share in Turkish HS55 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS55 Imports from
China (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS55 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS55 Imports from
Indonesia (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS55 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS55 Imports from India
(mln. USD, CIF)
14.9 301 13.7 277 11.4 231
Share in Turkish HS30 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS30 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS30 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS30 Imports from the
US (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS30 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS30 Imports from
Switzerland (mln. USD, CIF)
17.2 754 14.1 621 10.9 479
Share in Turkish HS39 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS39 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS39 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS39 Imports from SA (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS39 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS39 Imports from Belgium (mln.
USD, CIF)
13.1 1 279 10.1 986 6.9 668
Share in Turkish HS48 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS48 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS48 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS48 Imports from the
US (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS48 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS48 Imports from
Finland (mln. USD, CIF)
17.8 483 9.7 263 9.3 253
Share in Turkish HS72 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS72 Imports from Russian Fed.
(mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS72 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS72 Imports from Ukraine (mln.
USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS72 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS72 Imports from the
US (mln. USD, CIF)
14.8 2 357 11.8 1 883 11.6 1 843
Share in Turkish HS87 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS87 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS87 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS87 Imports from
France (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS87 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS87 Imports from
Spain (mln. USD, CIF)
31.0 4 089 11.6 1 534 9.9 1 301
Share in Turkish HS73 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS73 Imports from
China (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS73 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS73 Imports from Italy
(mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS73 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS73 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
22.8 457 15.6 313 13.8 277
Share in Turkish HS29 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS29 Imports from
China (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS29 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS29 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Turkish HS29 Imports
(%)
Turkish HS29 Imports from the
US (mln. USD, CIF)
10.0 440 9.9 438 9.5 418
20.
10.
22.
10.
23.
9.
28.
16.
Austria's Country
Rank as an Exporter to
Turkey
20.
6.
General Share of Turkey's HS.. Imports
from the World in
Turkey's Total Imports (CIF)
from the World (%)
0.2
0.1
Share of Turkey's HS.. Imports from
Austria in Turkey's Total Imports (CIF)
from the World (%)
11.5
7.7
The Values and Shares of Turkish Imports from Austria
(2009-2011, Top Ten Commodity Groups, annual
averages)
Share of Austria's HS..
Exports to Turkey in
Austria's Total Exports (FOB) to Turkey (%)
0.1
0.1 8.2 3.6120
20.0 19.7291
0.0
0.0
71.71 115
42
45
72
90
92
Top 10 Commodity Groups
48.1 76.40.6
China Germany United States
1.1 0.010. HS29. ORGANIC
CHEMICALS2.9 2.42.3 0.0
China Italy Germany
3.6 0.09. HS73. ARTICLES OF IRON
OR STEEL3.1 3.00.01.1
Germany France Spain
8.6 0.08.
HS87. VEHICLES OTHER
THAN RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY ROLLING-STOCK, AND PARTS AND...
4.9 5.20.07.0
Russian Federation Ukraine United States
4.5 0.17. HS72. IRON AND STEEL 6.2 6.20.08.4
Germany United States Finland
3.5 0.16.
HS48. PAPER AND
PAPERBOARD; ARTICLES OF PAPER PULP, OF PAPER OR OF PAPERBOARD
6.3 5.7
United States Switzerland
5. HS39. PLASTICS AND
ARTICLES THEREOF6.3 6.493
Germany Saudi Arabia Belgium
Germany
5.4 0.0
Austria's Top Ten Export Commodity Groups (CGs)
according to the Harmonized System (HS
2007)
Top Three HS.. Exporter Countries to Turkey (2009-2011, annual averages)
9.8 10.8143
China Germany
4. HS30. PHARMACEUTICAL
PRODUCTS
Ra
nk
1.
3.
2.
HS55. MAN-MADE STAPLE
FIBRES
Korea
HS84. NUCLEAR
REACTORS, BOILERS, MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; PARTS...
HS85. ELECTRICAL
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT AND PARTS THEREOF; SOUND RECORDERS AND...
China Indonesia India
Germany
8.8 8.6128
Turkey
17.9 0.2
1
General Share of Austria's HS.. Exports
to the World in Austria's Total Exports (FOB) to the World
(%)
Share of Austria's HS..
Exports to Turkey in
Austria's Total Exports (FOB) to the World
(%)2 3
China Italy
Turkey Turkey
10.5
0.8
4.6
60.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.7
1.1
2.3
5.2
1.4
Top 3 ?
27 / 38
A1 B1 C D1 D2 A2 B2
Value of Turkey's Imports in the
relevant CG from Austria (mln. USD,
CIF)
CG's Share in Turkey's Total
Imports (CIF) from Austria (%)
Reporter Country Turkey Turkey Turkey Turkey Austria Austria Austria Turkey
16.
Austria's Country
Rank as an Exporter to
Turkey
20.
6.
General Share of Turkey's HS.. Imports
from the World in
Turkey's Total Imports (CIF)
from the World (%)
0.2
0.1
Share of Turkey's HS.. Imports from
Austria in Turkey's Total Imports (CIF)
from the World (%)
11.5
7.7
The Values and Shares of Turkish Imports from Austria
(2009-2011, Top Ten Commodity Groups, annual
averages)
Share of Austria's HS..
Exports to Turkey in
Austria's Total Exports (FOB) to Turkey (%)
0.1
20.0 19.7291
71.71 115Top 10 Commodity Groups
48.1 76.40.6
Austria's Top Ten Export Commodity Groups (CGs)
according to the Harmonized System (HS
2007)
9.8 10.8143
Ran
k
1.
3.
2.
HS55. MAN-MADE STAPLE FIBRES
HS84. NUCLEAR REACTORS,
BOILERS, MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; PARTS...
HS85. ELECTRICAL
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT AND PARTS THEREOF; SOUND RECORDERS AND...
8.8 8.6128
17.9 0.2
General Share of Austria's HS.. Exports
to the World in Austria's Total Exports (FOB) to the World
(%)
Share of Austria's HS..
Exports to Turkey in
Austria's Total Exports (FOB) to the World
(%)
10.5
0.8
60.4
0.1
0.1
0.7
1.1
Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “International Trade by Commodity Statistics” (HS 2007), http://stats.oecd.org
Austria’s Top Three Export Commodity Groupsin Trade with Turkey (as annual averages, 2009-2011)
28 / 38
Turkey’s Top 10 Export Commodity Groupsin Trade with Austria (as annual averages, 2009-2011)
Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “International Trade by Commodity Statistics” (HS 2007), http://stats.oecd.org
A1 B1 C D1 D2 A2 B2
Value of Austria's Imports in the
relevant CG from Turkey (mln. USD,
CIF)
CG's Share in Austria's Total
Imports (CIF) from Turkey (%)
Reporter Country Austria Austria Austria Austria Turkey Turkey Turkey Austria
Share in Austrian HS61
Imports (%)
Austrian HS61 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS61
Imports (%)
Austrian HS61 Imports from
China (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS61
Imports (%)
Austrian HS61 Imports from
Turkey (mln. USD, CIF)
22.5 538 20.4 486 9.6 230
Share in Austrian HS84
Imports (%)
Austrian HS84 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS84
Imports (%)
Austrian HS84 Imports from Italy
(mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS84
Imports (%)
Austrian HS84 Imports from
China (mln. USD, CIF)
48.6 9 718 7.6 1 513 5.6 1 118
Share in Austrian HS87
Imports (%)
Austrian HS87 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS87
Imports (%)
Austrian HS87 Imports from Italy
(mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS87
Imports (%)
Austrian HS87 Imports from
France (mln. USD, CIF)
45.2 6 914 6.5 997 6.5 993
Share in Austrian HS62
Imports (%)
Austrian HS62 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS62
Imports (%)
Austrian HS62 Imports from
China (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS62
Imports (%)
Austrian HS62 Imports from Italy
(mln. USD, CIF)
24.0 659 23.8 652 7.7 211
Share in Austrian HS85
Imports (%)
Austrian HS85 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS85
Imports (%)
Austrian HS85 Imports from
China (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS85
Imports (%)
Austrian HS85 Imports from
Czech Rep. (mln. USD, CIF)
34.4 4 898 13.0 1 849 4.6 658
Share in Austrian HS73
Imports (%)
Austrian HS73 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS73
Imports (%)
Austrian HS73 Imports from
ItalyS (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS73
Imports (%)
Austrian HS73 Imports from
Czech Rep. (mln. USD, CIF)
47.6 2 078 10.0 435 6.0 260
Share in Austrian HS20
Imports (%)
Austrian HS20 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS20
Imports (%)
Austrian HS20 Imports from Italy
(mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS20
Imports (%)
Austrian HS20 Imports from
Netherlands (mln. USD, CIF)
22.6 169 15.2 114 10.4 78
Share in Austrian HS63
Imports (%)
Austrian HS63 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS63
Imports (%)
Austrian HS63 Imports from
China (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS63
Imports (%)
Austrian HS63 Imports from
Turkey (mln. USD, CIF)
37.8 203 16.4 88 10.6 57
Share in Austrian HS76
Imports (%)
Austrian HS76 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS76
Imports (%)
Austrian HS76 Imports from Italy
(mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS76
Imports (%)
Austrian HS76 Imports from
France (mln. USD, CIF)
30.7 963 6.9 218 6.1 192
Share in Austrian HS40
Imports (%)
Austrian HS40 Imports from
Germany (mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS40
Imports (%)
Austrian HS40 Imports from Italy
(mln. USD, CIF)
Share in Austrian HS40
Imports (%)
Austrian HS40 Imports from
Czech Rep. (mln. USD, CIF)
40.3 747 6.1 112 5.8 107
8.
Top 10 Commodity Groups
41.7 0.6 916 73.7 68.4 47.8 0.5
0.0
Germany Italy Czech Republic
43 3.4 3.2 1.710. HS40. RUBBER AND ARTICLES THEREOF
1.2 0.0
Germany Italy France
17.
3.
9. HS76. ALUMINUM AND ARTICLES THEREOF
2.0 0.0 46 3.7 4.3 1.6 0.0
0.0
Germany China Turkey
57 4.6 4.5 1.68.
HS63. OTHER MADE UP TEXTILE ARTICLES; SETS; WORN CLOTHING AND WORN TEXTILE...
0.3 0.0
Germany Italy Netherlands
5.
11.
7.
HS20. PREPARATIONS OF VEGETABLES, FRUIT, NUTS OR OTHER PARTS OF PLANTS
0.5 0.0 58 4.6 5.6 1.3 0.0
0.1
Germany Italy Czech Republic
63 5.1 6.9 4.36. HS73. ARTICLES OF IRON OR STEEL
2.8 0.0
Germany China Czech Republic
27.
4.
5.
HS85. ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT AND PARTS THEREOF; SOUND RECORDERS AND...
9.1 0.0 76 6.1 5.8 6.6 0.0
0.0
Germany China Italy
100 8.0 3.6 4.04.
HS62. ARTICLES OF APPAREL AND CLOTHING ACCESSORIES, NOT KNITTED OR CROCHETED
1.8 0.1
Germany Italy France
18.
19.
3.
HS87. VEHICLES OTHER THAN RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY ROLLING-STOCK, AND PARTS AND...
9.8 0.1 104 8.4 15.4 11.9 0.1
0.1
Germany Italy China
Turkey
3.
2.
HS84. NUCLEAR REACTORS, BOILERS, MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; PARTS...
12.8 0.1 139 11.1 10.2 8.3
6.6 0.1
Germany China
Austria Austria Austria
1.
HS61. ARTICLES OF APPAREL AND CLOTHING ACCESSORIES, KNITTED OR CROCHETED
1.5 0.1 230 18.5 8.9
Top Three HS.. Exporter Countries to Austria (2009-2011, annual averages) Turkey's
Country Rank as an Exporter to
Austria
1 2 3
The Values and Shares of Austrian Imports from Turkey
(2009-2011, Top Ten Commodity Groups, annual
averages)
Share of Turkey's HS..
Exports to Austria in
Turkey's Total Exports (FOB) to Austria (%)
General Share of Turkey's
HS.. Exports to the World in Turkey's Total Exports (FOB) to the World
(%)
Share of Turkey's HS..
Exports to Austria in
Turkey's Total Exports (FOB) to the World
(%)
Ran
k
Turkey's Top Ten Export Commodity Groups (CGs)
according to the Harmonized System (HS
2007)
General Share of Austria's HS.. Imports
from the World in
Austria's Total Imports (CIF)
from the World (%)
Share of Austria's HS.. Imports from
Turkey in Austria's Total Imports (CIF)
from the World (%)
Top 3 ?
29 / 38Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “International Trade by Commodity Statistics” (HS 2007), http://stats.oecd.org
Turkey’s Top Three Export Commodity Groupsin Trade with Austria (as annual averages, 2009-2011)
A1 B1 C D1 D2 A2 B2
Value of Austria's Imports in the
relevant CG from Turkey (mln. USD,
CIF)
CG's Share in Austria's Total
Imports (CIF) from Turkey (%)
Reporter Country Austria Austria Austria Austria Turkey Turkey Turkey Austria
Top 10 Commodity Groups
41.7 0.6 916 73.7 68.4 47.8 0.5
18.
19.
3.
HS87. VEHICLES OTHER
THAN RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY ROLLING-STOCK, AND PARTS AND...
9.8 0.1 104 8.4 15.4 11.9 0.1
0.1
3.
2.
HS84. NUCLEAR
REACTORS, BOILERS, MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; PARTS...
12.8 0.1 139 11.1 10.2 8.3
6.6 0.11.
HS61. ARTICLES OF
APPAREL AND CLOTHING ACCESSORIES, KNITTED OR CROCHETED
1.5 0.1 230 18.5 8.9
Turkey's Country
Rank as an Exporter to
Austria
The Values and Shares of Austrian Imports from Turkey
(2009-2011, Top Ten Commodity Groups, annual
averages)
Share of Turkey's HS..
Exports to Austria in
Turkey's Total Exports (FOB) to Austria (%)
General Share of Turkey's
HS.. Exports to the World in Turkey's Total Exports (FOB) to the World
(%)
Share of Turkey's HS..
Exports to Austria in
Turkey's Total Exports (FOB) to the World
(%)
Ra
nk
Turkey's Top Ten Export Commodity Groups
(CGs) according to the Harmonized System (HS
2007)
General Share of Austria's HS.. Imports
from the World in
Austria's Total Imports (CIF)
from the World (%)
Share of Austria's HS.. Imports from
Turkey in Austria's Total Imports (CIF)
from the World (%)
30 / 38
Empirical Observations on Turkish-Austrian Trade in Goods: Major Conclusions?
Turkey’s and Austria’s shares in global trade in goods have increased between 1980 and 2011.
However they are still not major players/exporters in world goods markets.
To a large extent, the trade between Turkey and Austria consists of two-way trade of “machinery and transport equipment” (SITC-7) and “manufactured goods” (SITC-6).
Moreover, Turkey and Austria are in general not unignorable trade partners for each other.
Possible reasons to think that this fact will not change easily in a short period of time:
Austria’s orientation towards new EU member countries (EU12) to make more trade since early 1990s.
Turkey’s trade orientation towards MENA region countries & Russian Federation since early 2000s. Back to Question?
31 / 38
What then may occur, or is there still room for politics/initiatives to promote bilateral trade?
Positive indirect effects of labor movements and/or immigrants on Turkish exports to Austria?
Possible effects of Austrian FDIs in Turkey on bilateral trade between Turkey and Austria:Substitution of existing trade with production in Turkey:
negative effects?
Increases in exports of intermediate goods from Austria to Turkey: positive effects?
Austria and Turkey both have free market economies, and producers and exporters in both countries are free to choose where to export.
Both countries are WTO members too.
So, should we wait and see what happens?
No
?
?
Or?
32 / 38
Economic Linkages between Austria & Turkey:International Migration (persons, 1990-2010)
Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “International Migration Database”, http://stats.oecd.org, March 1, 2013
Variable
Country of origin Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey
Country Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria
1990 .. .. .. .. 6 979 .. .. .. .. ..1991 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..1992 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..1993 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..1994 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 53 973 1995 332 .. .. .. .. .. .. 136 426 .. 54 684 1996 489 5 939 .. 4 871 .. .. .. 135 044 .. 53 551 1997 657 6 236 .. 4 459 .. .. .. 133 037 .. 52 820 1998 669 5 909 .. 3 950 .. 118 800 .. 132 233 .. 54 248 1999 .. 7 296 .. 3 797 .. 124 500 .. 129 631 .. 55 628 2000 .. 7 096 .. 3 702 14 335 110 100 6 143 127 264 .. 57 128 2001 .. 7 764 .. 3 693 .. 126 828 .. 127 147 .. 56 831 2002 .. 11 277 .. 2 942 .. 135 153 .. 127 156 .. 56 285 2003 .. 10 411 .. 3 041 .. 142 653 .. 123 043 .. 55 689 2004 .. 8 249 .. 3 037 .. 147 911 .. 116 544 .. 54 588 2005 .. 7 727 .. 2 828 .. 152 499 .. 113 068 .. 53 480 2006 .. 4 867 .. 2 938 .. 154 088 .. 108 189 .. 62 046 2007 .. 5 234 .. 2 991 .. 155 941 .. 109 179 .. 62 409 2008 .. 4 996 .. 2 863 .. 157 750 .. 110 678 .. 62 871 2009 .. 4 751 .. 2 997 .. 159 038 .. 112 150 .. 61 366 2010 139 4 338 .. 2 963 .. 159 891 .. 113 457 .. ..
Stock of foreign labour by
nationality
I nflows of foreign population by
nationality
Outflows of foreign population
by nationality
Stock of foreign-born population
by country of birth
Stock of foreign population by
nationality
33 / 38
Economic Linkages between Austria & Turkey:International Migration
Labor mobility between Turkey and Austria is functioning to a great extent in a one-way direction: from TR to A.
OECD’s “International Migration Database” shows that the stock of Turkish population in Austria is more than 113 thousand persons as of 2010.
“Turkish Day” in Vienna, Austria (2009)
34 / 38
Turkish Immigrants in Selected Countries (2010)
Source: OECD.Stat, Aykut Kibritçioğlu’s calculations.
Italy
Sweden
UK
France
Denmark
Netherlands
Switzerland
Austria
Germany
Belgium
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
10
0 0
00
20
0 0
00
30
0 0
00
40
0 0
00
50
0 0
00
60
0 0
00
70
0 0
00
80
0 0
00
90
0 0
00
1 0
00
00
0
1 1
00
00
0
1 2
00
00
0
1 3
00
00
0
1 4
00
00
0
1 5
00
00
0
1 6
00
00
0
1 7
00
00
0Stock of Immigrant Population with Turkish Nationality (persons, 2010)
Ra
tio
of
Imm
igra
nt
Po
pu
lati
on
wit
h T
urk
ish
Na
tio
na
lity
to t
he
Lo
ca
l Po
pu
lati
on
(%
, 20
10
)
Host Country
Stock of Immigrant
Population with Turkish
Nationality (persons, 2010)
Germany 1 629 480 France 220 089 Austria 113 457 Netherlands 88 028 Switzerland 70 642 Untd. Kingdom 45 000 Belgium 39 551 Denmark 29 150 Italy 19 068 Sweden 11 902
35 / 38
Turkish Immigrants & Turkish Exports (2010)
Source: OECD.Stat, Aykut Kibritçioğlu’s calculations.
Belgium
Germany
Austria
Switzerland
Netherlands
Denmark
France
UK
Sweden
Italy
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
10
0 0
00
20
0 0
00
30
0 0
00
40
0 0
00
50
0 0
00
60
0 0
00
70
0 0
00
80
0 0
00
90
0 0
00
1 0
00
00
0
1 1
00
00
0
1 2
00
00
0
1 3
00
00
0
1 4
00
00
0
1 5
00
00
0
1 6
00
00
0
1 7
00
00
0Stock of Immigrant Population with Turkish Nationality (persons, 2010)
Tu
rkis
h E
xp
ort
s (
bill
ion
s o
f U
SD
, 20
10
)
Host Country
Stock of Immigrant
Population with Turkish
Nationality (persons, 2010)
Germany 1 629 480 France 220 089 Austria 113 457 Netherlands 88 028 Switzerland 70 642 Untd. Kingdom 45 000 Belgium 39 551 Denmark 29 150 Italy 19 068 Sweden 11 902
No export
effects?
36 / 38
Economic Linkages between Austria & Turkey:Foreign Direct Investments (mln. US$, 1980-2010)
Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “FDI positions by partner country”, http://stats.oecd.org, March 1, 2013
Currency
Reporting country
Partner country
Type of FDI I nward Outward I nward Outward I nward Outward I nward Outward
1985 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..1986 .. 3.2 4 994.0 1 219.4 .. .. .. ..1987 .. 2.8 6 700.1 1 335.4 .. .. .. ..1988 .. 2.6 6 699.1 1 360.8 .. .. .. ..1989 0.0 12.9 9 312.4 2 878.2 .. .. .. ..1990 0.0 14.9 11 097.3 4 747.0 .. .. .. ..1991 0.0 24.3 13 172.7 5 993.7 .. .. .. ..1992 0.0 36.4 13 179.4 6 583.9 .. .. .. ..1993 .. 40.9 13 990.2 7 974.5 .. .. .. ..1994 .. 24.7 16 353.5 9 514.0 .. .. .. ..1995 .. 4.9 21 362.2 11 831.5 .. .. .. ..1996 .. 2.3 21 297.3 13 060.1 .. .. .. ..1997 .. 2.5 21 323.4 14 010.5 .. .. .. ..1998 .. 5.8 24 960.1 17 468.2 .. .. .. ..1999 .. 13.3 24 372.7 19 126.9 .. .. .. ..2000 34.3 8.1 31 164.8 24 820.6 34.0 .. 19 209.0 3 668.0 2001 35.8 4.3 34 999.4 28 510.7 16.0 23.0 19 677.0 4 581.0 2002 18.0 - 25.3 44 895.5 42 484.7 21.0 46.0 18 792.0 5 847.0 2003 58.1 - 33.0 57 636.4 55 961.4 51.0 56.0 33 533.0 6 138.0 2004 82.8 79.0 70 713.7 69 806.0 85.0 78.0 38 522.0 7 060.0 2005 77.7 73.8 82 551.4 71 806.9 159.0 85.0 71 297.0 8 315.0 2006 170.5 529.9 111 072.3 105 696.6 569.0 74.0 95 089.0 8 866.0 2007 238.3 3 863.2 162 649.1 148 821.1 4 393.0 104.0 153 950.0 12 210.0 2008 137.8 2 622.4 148 124.5 148 731.4 2 296.0 267.0 80 227.0 17 846.0 2009 195.9 4 143.5 172 649.5 163 243.0 6 031.0 305.0 143 723.0 22 250.0 2010 224.5 5 859.2 158 432.7 176 870.7 11 003.0 368.0 186 971.0 22 509.0 2011 191.7 6 971.5 153 233.2 198 910.6 10 803.0 54.0 140 043.0 26 398.0
Austria TOTAL WORLDTurkey TOTAL WORLD
TurkeyAustria
US dollars, millions
back
37 / 38
Still Room for Politics, or Political Initiatives? High level political initiatives
from both sides to foster trade in goods between two countries may be key to succeed in increasing the trade volume between two countries.
Governmental organizations and platforms to strengthen the economic linkages between Turkey and Austria?
Transition to green economy:
Joint green investments?
Joint green R&D efforts?
Vienna, May 2011
President Gül’s Austria visit to boost economic relationship
Institutions?
38 / 38
Organizations & Platforms to Strengthen Economic Linkages between Turkey and Austria?
Austrian Business Agency - Invest in Austriahttp://investinaustria.at
Advantage Austriahttp://www.advantageaustria.org/tr/Oesterreich-in-Tuerkei.tr.html
Invest in Turkey (Investment Support and Promotion Agency)
http://www.invest.gov.tr
İhracat Bilgi Platformu – Turkey Contact Pointhttp://www.ibp.gov.tr - http://www.tcp.gov.tr
back
39 / 38
Appendix
This file is downloadable at: http://kibritcioglu.com/iktisat/oenb-20130318.html
40 / 38
Turkey
Austria
Source: WTO Statistics Database (SDB), http://stat.wto.org, September 2012
41 / 38
Turkey
Source: WTO Statistics Database (SDB), http://stat.wto.org, September 2012
42 / 38
Austria
Source: WTO Statistics Database (SDB), http://stat.wto.org, September 2012
43 / 38
SIT
C, R
evis
ion
300
: L
ive
anim
als
othe
r th
an a
nim
als
of d
ivis
ion
03
01:
Mea
t an
d m
eat
prep
arat
ions
02:
Dai
ry p
rodu
cts
and
bird
s' e
ggs
03:
Fis
h, c
rust
acea
ns, m
ollu
scs
and
prep
arat
ions
the
reof
04:
Cer
eals
and
cer
eal p
repa
rati
ons
05:
Veg
etab
les
and
frui
ts
06:
Suga
r, s
ugar
pre
para
tion
s an
d ho
ney
07:
Cof
fee,
tea
, coc
oa, s
pice
s, a
nd m
anuf
actu
res
ther
eof
08:
Fee
dstu
ff f
or a
nim
als
(exc
ludi
ng u
nmill
ed c
erea
ls)
09:
Mis
cella
neou
s ed
ible
pro
duct
s an
d pr
epar
atio
ns
11:
Bev
erag
es
12:
Tob
acco
and
tob
acco
man
ufac
ture
s
21:
Hid
es, s
kin
s an
d fu
rsk
ins,
raw
22:
Oil
seed
s an
d ol
eagi
nous
fru
its
23:
Cru
de r
ubbe
r (i
nclu
ding
syn
thet
ic a
nd r
ecla
imed
)
24:
Cor
k a
nd w
ood
25:
Pul
p an
d w
aste
pap
er
26:
Tex
tile
s fi
bres
and
the
ir w
aste
s
27:
Cru
de f
erti
lizer
s ot
her
than
div
isio
n 56
, and
cru
de m
iner
als
28:
Met
allif
erou
s or
es a
nd m
etal
scr
ap
29:
Cru
de a
nim
al a
nd v
eget
able
mat
eria
ls, n
.e.s
.
32:
Coa
l, co
ke
and
briq
uett
es
33:
Pet
role
um, p
etro
leum
pro
duct
s an
d re
late
d m
ater
ials
34:
Gas
, nat
ural
and
man
ufac
ture
d
35:
Ele
ctri
c cu
rren
t
41:
Ani
mal
oils
and
fat
s
42:
Fix
ed v
eget
able
oils
and
fat
s, c
rude
, ref
ined
or
frac
tion
ated
43:
Pro
cess
ed A
nim
al a
nd v
eget
able
oils
and
fat
s
51:
Org
anic
che
mic
als
52:
Inor
gani
c ch
emic
als
53:
Dye
ing,
tan
ning
and
col
ouri
ng m
ater
ials
54:
Med
icin
al a
nd p
harm
aceu
tica
l pro
duct
s
61:
Lea
ther
, lea
ther
man
ufac
ture
s an
d dr
esse
d fu
rsk
ins
62:
Rub
ber
man
ufac
ture
s, n
.e.s
.
63:
Cor
k a
nd w
ood
man
ufac
ture
s (e
xclu
ding
fur
nitu
re)
64:
Pap
er a
nd p
aper
man
ufac
ture
s
65:
Tex
tile
yar
n an
d re
late
d pr
oduc
ts
66:
Non
met
allic
min
eral
man
ufac
ture
s, n
.e.s
.
67:
Iron
and
ste
el
68:
Non
-fer
rous
met
als
69:
Man
ufac
ture
s of
met
al, n
.e.s
.
71:
Pow
er g
ener
atin
g m
achi
nery
and
equ
ipm
ent
72:
Spec
ialis
ed m
achi
nery
73:
Met
al w
ork
ing
mac
hine
ry
74:
Oth
er in
dust
rial
mac
hine
ry a
nd p
arts
75:
Off
ice
mac
hine
s an
d au
tom
atic
dat
a pr
oces
sing
mac
hine
s
76:
Tel
ecom
mun
icat
ion
and
soun
d re
cord
ing
appa
ratu
s
77:
Ele
ctri
cal m
achi
nery
, app
arat
us a
nd a
pplia
nces
, n.e
.s.
78:
Roa
d ve
hicl
es
79:
Oth
er t
rans
port
equ
ipm
ent
81:
Pre
fabr
icat
ed b
uild
ings
, san
itar
y, h
eati
ng a
nd li
ghti
ng f
ixtu
res,
n.e
.s.
82:
Fur
nitu
re a
nd p
arts
the
reof
83:
Tra
vel g
oods
, han
dbag
s, e
tc.
84:
Art
icle
s of
app
arel
& c
loth
ing
acce
ssor
ies
85:
Foo
twea
r
87:
Pro
fess
iona
l and
sci
enti
fic
inst
rum
ents
, n.e
.s.
88:
Pho
to a
ppar
atus
, opt
ical
goo
ds, w
atch
es a
nd c
lock
s
89:
Mis
cella
neou
s m
anuf
actu
red
arti
cles
, n.e
.s.
91:
Pos
tal p
ack
ages
not
cla
ssif
ied
acco
rdin
g to
kin
d
93:
Spec
ial t
rans
acti
ons
& c
omm
odit
ies
not
clas
sifi
ed
96:
Coi
n (o
ther
tha
n go
ld c
oin)
, not
bei
ng le
gal t
ende
r
97:
Gol
d, n
on-m
onet
ary
(exc
ludi
ng g
old
ores
& c
once
ntra
tes)
8:
Mis
cell
an
eou
s m
an
ufa
ctu
red
art
icle
s
9:
Com
mod
itie
s a
nd
tra
nsact
ion
s,
n.e
.s.
4:
An
imal
an
d v
eg
eta
ble
oil
s,
fats
an
d w
axes
5:
Ch
em
icals
an
d r
ela
ted
pro
du
cts,
n.e
.s.
6:
Man
ufa
ctu
red
good
s
7:
Mach
inery
an
d t
ran
sp
ort
eq
uip
men
t
0:
Food
an
d l
ive a
nim
als
1:
Bevera
ges a
nd
tob
acc
o
2:
Cru
de m
ate
rials
, in
ed
ible
, exce
pt
fuels
3:
Min
era
l fu
els
, lu
bri
can
ts a
nd
re
late
d m
ate
rials
back
44 / 38
Country Composition of Austrian Exports(millions of US Dollars, FOB, 1960-2011)
Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
110 000
120 000
130 000
140 000
150 000
160 000
170 000
180 000
190 000
19
60
19
62
19
64
19
66
19
68
19
70
19
72
19
74
19
76
19
78
19
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
20
10
Turkey
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Turkey
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
45 / 38
Country Composition of Austrian Imports(millions of US Dollars, CIF, 1960-2011)
Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Turkey
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
110 000
120 000
130 000
140 000
150 000
160 000
170 000
180 000
190 000
19
60
19
62
19
64
19
66
19
68
19
70
19
72
19
74
19
76
19
78
19
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
20
10
Turkey
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
46 / 38
Country Composition of Turkish Exports(millions of US Dollars, FOB, 1960-2011)
Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
110 000
120 000
130 000
140 000
19
60
19
62
19
64
19
66
19
68
19
70
19
72
19
74
19
76
19
78
19
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
20
10
Austria
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Austria
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
47 / 38
Country Composition of Turkish Imports(millions of US Dollars, CIF, 1960-2011)
Source: IMF eLibrary, Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Database, http://elibrary-data.imf.org
0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 80 000 90 000
100 000 110 000 120 000 130 000 140 000 150 000 160 000 170 000 180 000 190 000 200 000 210 000 220 000 230 000 240 000
19
60
19
62
19
64
19
66
19
68
19
70
19
72
19
74
19
76
19
78
19
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
20
10
Austria
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Austria
Rest of the World
Middle East & North Africa
Russian Federation
China
Switzerland
USA
EU12 (new members)
EU13 (old members)
Germany
48 / 38
International Migration betweenAustria & Turkey (1980-2010)
Source: OECD.Stat, Dataset: “International Migration Database”, http://stats.oecd.org, March 1, 2013
Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey
Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria Turkey Austria
Year i i i i i i i i i i i i1980 .. .. .. .. .. 120 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1981 .. .. .. .. .. 35 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1982 .. .. .. .. .. 54 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1983 .. .. .. .. .. 39 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1984 .. .. .. .. .. 31 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1985 .. .. .. .. .. 56 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1986 .. .. .. .. .. 163 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1987 .. .. .. .. .. 408 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1988 .. .. .. .. .. 644 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1989 .. .. .. .. .. 3 263 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1990 .. .. .. .. .. 1 862 000 6 979 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1991 .. .. .. .. .. 2 252 000 .. .. .. .. .. 1 801 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1992 .. .. .. .. .. 1 251 000 .. .. .. .. .. 1 987 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1993 .. .. .. .. .. 342 000 .. .. .. .. .. 2 686 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1994 .. .. .. .. .. 362 000 .. .. .. .. .. 3 377 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 53 973 .. ..
1995 332 .. .. .. .. 509 000 .. .. .. 136 426 .. 3 201 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 54 684 .. ..
1996 489 5 939 .. 4 871 .. 477 000 .. .. .. 135 044 .. 7 492 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 53 551 .. ..
1997 657 6 236 .. 4 459 .. 340 000 .. .. .. 133 037 .. 5 064 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 820 .. ..
1998 669 5 909 .. 3 950 .. 210 000 .. 118 800 .. 132 233 .. 5 664 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 54 248 .. ..
1999 .. 7 296 .. 3 797 .. 335 000 .. 124 500 .. 129 631 .. 10 324 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 55 628 .. ..
2000 .. 7 096 .. 3 702 .. 592 000 14 335 110 100 6 143 127 264 .. 6 720 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 57 128 .. ..
2001 .. 7 764 .. 3 693 .. 1 868 000 .. 126 828 .. 127 147 .. 10 046 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 56 831 .. ..
2002 .. 11 277 .. 2 942 .. 3 561 000 .. 135 153 .. 127 156 4 000 12 623 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 56 285 .. ..
2003 .. 10 411 .. 3 041 .. 2 854 000 .. 142 653 .. 123 043 1 000 13 665 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 55 689 .. ..
2004 .. 8 249 .. 3 037 .. 1 114 000 .. 147 911 .. 116 544 2 000 13 004 000 .. .. .. .. .. 79 299 .. 54 588 .. ..
2005 .. 7 727 .. 2 828 .. 1 064 000 .. 152 499 .. 113 068 5 000 9 545 000 .. .. .. .. .. 82 338 .. 53 480 .. ..
2006 .. 4 867 .. 2 938 .. 668 000 .. 154 088 .. 108 189 8 000 7 542 000 .. .. .. .. .. 84 271 .. 62 046 .. ..
2007 .. 5 234 .. 2 991 .. 659 000 .. 155 941 .. 109 179 .. 2 076 000 .. .. .. .. .. 91 300 .. 62 409 .. ..
2008 .. 4 996 .. 2 863 .. 417 000 .. 157 750 .. 110 678 .. 1 664 000 .. .. .. .. .. 96 683 .. 62 871 .. ..
2009 .. 4 751 .. 2 997 .. 554 000 .. 159 038 .. 112 150 .. 1 242 000 .. .. .. .. .. 88 809 .. 61 366 .. ..
2010 139 4 338 .. 2 963 .. 369 000 .. 159 891 .. 113 457 .. 937 000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Stock of foreign-born labour by country of birth
Stock of foreign labour by
nationality
Status changes of international
students
Total
Stock of foreign population by
nationality
Acquisition of nationality by
country of former nationality
I nflows of foreign workers by nationality
I nflows of seasonal foreign
workers by nationality
I nflows of foreign population by
nationality
Outflows of foreign population
by nationality
I nflows of asylum seekers by nationality
Stock of foreign-born population
by country of birth
Gender
Variable
Country of origin
Country
