PBR-Schwarze Pumpe

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    ALGAE

    In the beginning, there were algae,

    but there was no oil. Then, from algae came oil.

    Now, the algae are still there, but oil is fast depleting.In future, there will be no oil, but there will still be algae.

    So, doesnt it make sense to explore if we can again get oil from algae?

    This is what we should try to do.

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    Algae are part of our liveOcean-dwelling phytoplankton from the genus Ostreococcus emerge

    at the primitive root of the green plant lineage, dating back nearly1.5 billion years. Today, these microscopic, free-living creatures,among the smallest eukaryotes ever characterizedbarely amicron in diameterare major contributors to nearly half of theworlds total photosynthetic activity.

    Assimilation of atmospheric CO2 by marine phytoplankton is aglobal-scale process that is responsible for about half of thebiosphere net primary production, said collaborator and co-author Herv Moreau of the Pierre & Marie Curie UniversityOceanic Observatory in Banyuls-sur-mer, France. This activeabsorption of hundreds of millions of tons of carbon per day isessential for maintaining the control of the planets climate bycounteracting greenhouse effects due to human activities. Clearly,this storage capacity is affected by changes in the photosyntheticefficiency of the algae, which in turn is linked to the environmentalconditions experienced by these organisms in their environment.

    We can not live without them

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    Algae productivity

    Human NutritionTriglyceride oils harvested from algae are rich in heart healthyunsaturated fats, contain no trans fats, are shelf stable, low in

    saturated fats, and are composed of a variety of valuable fatty

    acid profiles. The oils are also high in antioxidants and other

    valuable nutrition materials, including phospholipids,

    tocopherols, tocotrienols, sterols, and carotenoids.

    In addition to oils, edible algal flour products from the

    microalgae technology platform, are naturally encapsulatedlipid delivery vehicles which can facilitate the addition of oils

    and fats to many food and beverage systems, such as dry

    mixes and bakery products.

    Animal NutritionHigh protein algae meals are rich in essential amino acids.

    These protein-rich materials are primary sources of essentialamino acids, and also provide monounsaturated lipids,

    carbohydrates, and phyconutrients as part of a balanced diet.

    Fiber and carbohydrate-rich algae meals are high energy feed

    ingredients. Co-products from creating algal oils, these fiber

    and carbohydrate-rich meals contain unique, highly digestible

    mixtures of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, and are useful

    as nutrient sources for animal feeds.

    Photo&Text: Solazyme Technologies

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    Algae healthHealth Sciences

    Today's cosmetic and nutraceutical markets are

    exciting growth opportunities driven by increasing

    consumer demand for natural, science-based products

    that deliver real results.

    All nameable producers in this market are

    commercializing novel and clinically-researched marine

    and microalgal ingredients for a wide range of healthand wellness product uses. Lead products include:

    oral supplement with key ingredients including algal oil

    and algal micronutrients.

    Whole Cell Cosmetics is a class of ingredient products

    emerging from development stage. It is based on the

    science that nutrient-rich microalgae can serve as a

    delivery vehicle in personal care formulations for a

    variety of oil-based micronutrients. Initial product

    embodiments include hair care (shampoo and

    conditioner) formulations, and skin moisturizer.

    Basically it can be said that all prominent producers

    worldwide compete in developing natural wellness and

    beauty technologies, that are better for human health

    and better for our planet, not forgetting to mention the

    algae as a source of all this improvement. Photo&Text: Solazyme Technologies

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    Algae FuelAlgae have evolved highly efficient pathways for oilproduction. In fact, much of the oil we use today for fuels

    and chemicals originated with ancient algal blooms. Unlike

    other microorganisms, algae are incredibly efficient lipid

    producers.

    Here some facts about currant Bio-fuel developments:

    Algae-Bio-diesel meets ASTM D6751, EN 14214, ASTM D975and

    military specifications.

    Algae-diesel has demonstrated better cold temperature properties

    than any currently available biodiesel.

    Soladiesel BD and Soladiesel RD(both products of SOLAZYME)

    are the first algal-derived fuels to have been successfully road-tested

    (up to B100, unblended) for thousands of miles in a variety ofunmodified vehicles.

    SolaHRJetTM jet fuel (SOLAZYME) has passed all of the eleven

    essential tested specifications required to meet the ASTM D1655 (Jet-

    A1) standard. It is the worlds first microbially-derived jet fuel to do

    so.

    The fuels can be used "neat," or in blends with conventional fuels.Photo&Text: Solazyme Technologies

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    The beauty of

    Algae..Well, - thisis notexactlywhat wement .

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    . the beauty with algae is,that they literarely grow

    anywhere where thereis

    water..

    light.

    nutrients.

    and..

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    ALGAE PRODUCTIONAlgae can be produced using a wide variety of methods, ranging fromclosely-controlled laboratory methods to less predictable methods in

    outdoor tanks.

    A Generalized Set of Conditions for Culturing Micro-Algae

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    Cultivating Algae for Liquid Fuel ProductionGallons of Oil per Acre per Year

    Corn . . . . . . . 15Soybeans . . . .48

    Safflower. . . . . 83

    Sunflower . . . 102

    Rapeseed. . . . 127

    Oil Palm . . . . . 635

    Micro Algae . .1850 [based on actual biomass yields]

    Micro Algae . .5000-15000 [theoretical laboratory yield]

    ALGAE PRODUCTIVITY

    http://oakhavenpc.org/cultivating_algae.htmhttp://oakhavenpc.org/cultivating_algae.htm
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    Like plants, algae use the sunlight for the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is an important

    biochemical process in which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert the energy of sunlight to

    chemical energy. Algae capture light energy through photosynthesis and convert inorganic

    substances into simple sugars using the captured energy.

    Factors that Determine Algal Growth RateThe following are the important factors that determine the growth rate of algae:

    Light: Light is needed for the photosynthesis process

    Temperature:There is an ideal temperature range that is required for algae to grow

    Medium/Nutrients:Composition of the water is an important consideration (including salinity)

    pH - Algae typically need a pH between 7 and 9 to have an optimum growth rate

    Algae Type:Different types of algae have different growth rates

    Aeration:The algae need to have contact with air, for its CO2 requirements

    Mixing:Mixing prevents sedimentation of algae and makes sure all cells are equally exposed to light

    Photoperiod:Light & dark cycles

    Sample nutrients for freshwater algae:

    Ca(NO3)2; KH2PO4; MgSO4; NaHCO3 & trace elements / metalsNaNO3; MgSO4; NaCl; K2HPO4; KH2PO4; CaCl2 & trace elements / metals

    Sample nutrients for blue green algae:

    NaNO3; Na2HPO4; K2HPO4 & trace elements / metals

    Under theses favourable circumstances algae develop a high growth potential the number of cells

    double 2-3 times a day. 1gr of algae-biomass to 5 kilo after 5 days - to 1 ton after 10 days.

    1 kg of algae requires 1,65 kg of CO in production.

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    Open pond systems

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    Different type of photo-bio-reactors

    http://images.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http://krisdedecker.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2008/04/04/algae3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lowtechmagazine.com/2008/04/algae-fuel-biof.html&usg=__6vZXlbkhXFxSpz20n5klPtkas8A=&h=225&w=300&sz=14&hl=de&start=11&tbnid=4RyHf_tUM2qvXM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dopen%2Bponds%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DG
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    Power Plant CO2 Sequestration

    Capture and sequestration of CO2 is one of the most critical challenges

    today for businesses and governments worldwide.

    Thousands of CO2 emitting power plants and industries worldwide face this

    costly challenge - reduce your CO2 emissions or pay penalties.

    One ton algae require, for their growth, 1.8 tons of CO2; algae thus are large

    absorbers of CO2. Combine their affinity for CO2 with the fact that algae can

    grow practically anywhere, and we are presented with an excitingopportunity - What if these CO2 emitting industries and power plants could

    use algae to absorb the CO2 and generate biofuels in return?

    This is precisely what companies and power plants around the world are

    beginning to explore.

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    The power-plant of VATTENFALL stands

    for the delivery of CO. The producer of

    industrial gases LINDE stands for the

    delivery of cleaned/washed CO

    Areal of the PBR

    Bio-Ethanol refinery exchange of

    production heat for the PBR,

    delivery of biomasses from the PBR

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    Location overview

    Total occupied areal Areal for algae-greenhouse

    Open pond Administration/R&D-center

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    5 Hektar Photovoltaik collectorwith a capacity of 2.5 MW

    CO saving potential of 2.500 t/a

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    Runoff from the Industrial Park Schwarze Pumpe

    Installation of an electric power turbine of 100 kW.

    With 8,500 operating hours /y, 800 t of CO avoided

    Runoff from the Industrial Park

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    Easy assembly with pre-fabricatet modules

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    Computerized survaillance and automatic harvest

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    Computerized, continuous harvest of algae

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    WE ARE CARBON BASED LIFELIVING ON A CARBON PLANET

    IN A CARBON CYCLE

    ALGAE NOVA l @ il d