1

hans magnus encensbergeri

poeturi da Teoriuli

TviTgamocema

2

Hans Magnus Enzensberger POETISCHES UND THEORETISCHES Ausgewählt, herausgegeben und mit einem Vorwort versehen von Dato Barbakadse

Selbstverlag Tbilissi 2012

madlobas vuxdi Cems megobrebs,

eka navrozaSvils da merab labaZes,

romelTa Zvirfasi daxmarebiTac es wigni gamoica.

d. b.

pirveli gamocema

tiraJi: 7 cali

ISBN 978-9941-0-4148-8

3

hans magnus encensbergeri

poeturi da

Teoriuli

h. m. encensbergeris ramdenime leqsi, ori esse

da volf lepeniesis werili h. m. encensbergerze

gamomcemeli: daTo barbaqaZe

TviTgamocema

Tbilisi

2012

4

5

08.02.2012

winamdebare gamocema dausrulebeli proeqtis realizebas warmo-

adgens, am sityvis pirdapiri gagebiT. poetis dabadebidan 80 wlisTavis-

admi miZRvnili tevadi wigni 2009 wels unda gamomeca da masSi Tavi unda

moeyara encensbergeris asamde leqss, ocamde esses, masTan intervius, mis

mimoweras hana arendtTan, aseve - iubilaris Sesaxeb sxvadasxva dros daw-

eril ramdenime evropeli moazrovnis esses (maT Soris, alfred anderSis,

martin valzeris, iurgen habermasis...). vinaidan SeuZlebeli iqneboda erT

tomSi mxcovani avtoris Tvalgauwvdeni Semoqmedebis yovlismomcveli

speqtris Tundac eskizurad warmodgena, arCevani SevaCere erT Temaze,

romelic, winaresazogadoebriv mdgomareobaSi CarCenili qarTuli rea-

lobis gaTvaliswinebiT, gansakuTrebuli aqtualobiT gamoirCeva. saqme

exeba encensbergeris masStaburi Semoqmedebis konceptualur qvakuTx-

eds: sifxizlis esTetikas. wignis struqtura Camovayalibe, mTargmnele-

bisTvis gadasaxdeli Tanxa da savaraudo sastambo xarjebi daviangariSe,

ramdenime mTargmnels pirveli teqstebic davugzavne, magram, bedis iro-

niiT, Cems gegmas swored am dros daesva wertili. saqme is gaxldaT, rom

proeqtis ganxorcielebas Cemive finansuri SesaZleblobebiT vapirebdi

(ZiriTadad, mciredi saxelfaso danazogiT da evropul lezungebSi miRe-

buli honorarebiT, rac, erTianad, 2000-mde evros uyrida Tavs), Cems cxo-

vrebaSi moulodnelad momxdarma cvlilebebma ki (usamsaxurod darCenam,

axali samsaxuris Ziebis unayofo mcdelobebma, mwvave ojaxurma saWiroe-

bebma) proeqtis SeCereba gamoiwvia. magram ukve Targmnili da Cems xelT

arsebuli masalebi rom ar „gayinuliyo“ (da saiubileo welsac cudad ar

Caevlo), isini, eleqtronul formatSi erTad Tavmoyrili da leqtorire-

bul-koreqtirebuli (gamonakliss warmoadgenda volf lepeniesis maxvi-

lgonivruli statiis Targmani, skanirebuli xelnaweris saxiT arsebuli),

ramdenime Tbilisur literaturul Jurnals SevTavaze gamosaqveyneb-

lad. erTaderTi adamiani, vinc am ideiT dainteresda, Jurnal „litera-

turis“ redaqtori, malxaz xarbedia, aRmoCnda. man Cems mier germanii-

dan gamogzavnil masalebs, umokles droSi, Jurnalis or mesamedze meti

dauTmo (ar gamouqveynebia mxolod volf lepeniesis teqsti, romelsac

dainteresebuli mkiTxveli winamdebare gamocemaSi gaecnoba). ase moxerx-

da mTargmnelTa mier gaweuli Sromis anazRaurebac, Tundac simbolur-

ad (bedma ar gauRima mxolod qalbaton nana gogolaSvils).

rac Seexeba winamdebare gamocemas, romelic Cemi mravalwliani saga-

momcemlo performansis organuli nawilia, masSi swored aRniSnuli saJ-

urnalo prezentacia meordeba, TviT mcire winasityvis CaTvliT (ix. „li-

teratura“, # 31, 2009); wigni Sevsebulia avtoris kidev ramdenime leqsiT,

lepeniesis statiiT, da amoRebulia saJurnalo prezentaciis farglebSi

gamoqveynebuli, encensbergerisadmi miZRvnili Cemi leqsi.

wignis ZiriTadi nawili simbolurad ixsneba uxucesi qarTveli mTa-

rgmnelis, besik adeiSvilis mier TiTqmis ormoc welze meti xnis win Sesr-

ulebuli encensbergeris leqsis kongenialuri qarTuli TargmaniT. swo-

red rom drouli da konteqsturad uzustesi aqti iqneba erTi faqtis ar-

dakargva: besik adeiSvilis mier 1972-1973 wlebSi dawerili germanulen-

6

ovani literaturis unikaluri mimoxilvisa da mas TandarTuli am leqsis

Targmanis gamoqveyneba mxolod 1985 wels gaxda SesaZlebeli Jurnal „sa-

unjeSi“ (leri alimonakis iniciativiT da im xelsayreli garemoebis wya-

lobiT, rom „saunjis“ maSindeli redaqtori muxran maWavariani avtors

kargad icnobda, anu — es yvelaferi moxda SemTxveviT). cxel-cxeli mimo-

xilvis gayinvis sapatio misia ki 1973 welsve wilad xvda almanax „kriti-

kas“, romlis maSindelma pasuxismgebelma mdivanma misTvis xelidan xelSi

gadacemuli mimoxilvis avtors sami wlis ganmavlobaSi pasuxi ar aRirsa

(arc dadebiTi da arc - uaryofiTi), ris merec gulnatkenma germanistma

statia redaqciidan gamoiTxova da didxans aRar ucdia misi gamoqveyneba

(sxvaTaSoris, 70-ian wlebSive, dafiqsirda kidev erTi, bevrad ufro saxa-

liso, SemTxveva: besik adeiSvilma almanax „xomlis“ redaqciaSi miitana

mis mier Targmnili konkretistis, helmut haisenbiutelis, leqsTa Targ-

manebi. redaqciis swored is wevri, romelmac Targmanebi daiwuna da Tavi-

si Rirseuli roli Seasrula maT gamouqveyneblobaSi, cota xnis mere aR-

tacebuli laparakobda literatorebTan haisenbiutelze, da es — maSin,

roca is, enebis arcodnis gamo, verc sxva romelime enaze haisenbiutelis

leqsebis wakiTxvas SeZlebda da verc mis kulturul TvalsawierSi moxv-

deboda es germaneli poeti, sul mcire — imis gamo, rom maSin or-sam ger-

manists Tu eqneboda gagebuli saqarTveloSi haisenbiutelis gvari).

CemTvis dResdReobiT cnobilia encensbergeris leqsTa kidev ram-

denime — gamoqveynebuli — Targmani, sxvadasxva dros Sesrulebuli Tamaz

Cxenkelis, badri guguSvilis da konstantine z. gamsaxurdias mier.

h. m. encensbergeris leqsebi Targmnilia gamocemidan: Hans Magnus Enzensberger: Gedichte 1955–1970. Frankfurt am Main: Suhr-kamp 1971. Cemi Targma-

nebi, saJurnalo prezentaciamde, Sevida gamocemaSi: hans magnus encens-

bergeri, qveynis ena. Tbilisi, 2008.

h. m. encensbergeris esseebi Targmnilia gamocemidan: Hans Magnus En-zensberger. Nomaden im Regal. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp 2003.

volf lepeniesis werili Targmnilia gamocemidan: Der Zorn altert, die Ironie ist unsterblich. Über Hans Magnus Enzensberger. Herausgegeben von Rainer Wie-land. Suhrkamp Verlag Frankfurt am Main 1999.

7

hans magnus encensbergers, XX saukunis germanuli poeziis oqros

wlebis (50-iani wlebidan moyolebuli, vidre 70-iani wlebis bolomde)

erT-erT yvelaze ufro cnobil warmomadgenels, 80 weli Seusrulda. misi

Semoqmedeba moicavs ara mxolod lirikas, romlis gavlena germanul-

enovan poeziaze Tavisi masStabiT SeiZleba amerikul poeziaze alen ginz-

bergis gavlenas SevadaroT, aramed — umdidres esseistikas, Targmans, sa-

gamomcemlo saqmianobas, akademiur samecniero kvlevas, radiopiesebs,

socialuri kritikis xelovnebas.

iyo dro, roca encensbergeris poeturi sityva da Teoriuli dakvir-

vebebi, misi socialurad angaJirebuli cxovreba da praqtikuli gadawyve-

tilebebi germanuli kulturis ganviTarebis arsebiT momentebs gansazR-

vravda. miCneulia, rom brextis mere encensbergeris rangis politikuri

poeti germanias ar hyolia. es saxeli mas pirvelmave poeturma krebulma —

„mglebis dacva kravebisgan“ — moupova. unikaluri aRmoCnda mis mier 1960

wels gamocemuli „modernuli poeziis muzeumi“. Teqvsmeti enidan Targm-

nili asamde avtoridan, romelic am anTologiam gaaerTiana (leqsebis di-

di nawili TviT encensbergeris mier iyo Targmnili), umravlesoba mxol-

od am wignis gamocemis mere iqna aRiarebuli, rogorc modernuli poeziis

kanonikuri warmomadgeneli, manamde ki ucnobi iyo an CrdilSi rCeboda.

encensbergerma daaarsa da1965-1975 wlebSi gamoscemda Jurnals sax-

elwodebiT „Kursbuch“ (sityva aRniSnavs wignad Sekrul sarkinigzo moZra-

obis ganrigs), romelic germaniaSi memarcxene literaturis da Teori-

uli azris epicentri iyo da udides gavlenas axdenda literaturul da

Teoriul azrze da socialur kritikaze. debatebi, romlebic am Jurnal-

is furclebze fiqsirdeboda, ayalibebda literaturisgan, xelovnebis-

gan Sorsmyofi adamianebis politikur kulturas. encensbergeris (da misi

am Jurnalis) saxeli 60-iani wlebis germaniaSi studenturi moZraobis da

radikaluri socialuri praqtikebis yvela etapze umniSvnelovanes rols

asrulebda.

1967 wels encensbergeri iyo berlinSi arasaparlamento opoziciuri

moZraobis, „respublikuri klubis“, erT-erTi damfuZnebeli da Teoreti-

kosi. mTeli germaniis teritoriaze am klubis uamravi analogis Seqmnam

daaCqara socialuri aqciebi (Teoriuli diskusiebi, demonstraciebi, sax-

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elovnebo protestebis permanentuli seriebi), romlebic erTgvari sao-

rientacio platformebi iyo socialuri samarTlianobisTvis mebrZoli

moqalaqeebisTvis. studenturi moZraobis bazaze aRmocenebuli gaerTia-

nebis „komuna I“ wevrebi Tavidan swored encensbergeris berlinur binaSi

cxovrobdnen, Tumca, TviT encensbergeri Tavidanve gaemijna sakomuno

praqtikebs.

encensbergeri germaniaSi mediis Teoriis erT-erTi mamamTavaric ar-

is. mis saxels ukavSirdeba germanuli presis memarjvene enis pirveli kri-

tikuli wakiTxva da amasTan dakavSirebuli mravalwliani debatebi, rac

saboloo jamSi misi gamarjvebiT da mediis semiotikis gaRrmavebiT, aka-

demiur sauniversiteto kursebs Soris misi uCveulo popularobiT dag-

virgvinda. vizualuri da akustikuri mediis dargSi encensbergeris esse-

ebSi nacadia frankfurtis skolis warmomadgenlebisa da brextis radios

Teoriis urTierTdakavSireba.

msgavsad nebismieri didi inteleqtualisa, arc encensbergeris naaz-

revi da cxovrebaa moklebuli winaaRmdegobebs. maT Soris yvelaze mwvave

reaqcia germanel inteleqtualebsa da misi Semoqmedebis damfasebel mi-

lionobiT adamianSi encensbergeris mier eraySi amerikis jarebis SeWris

gamarTlebam gamoiwvia. huseinis dapatimrebis sababiT erayze Tavdasxma,

rac germaneli inteleqtualebis mier erayis navTobis mitacebisTvis br-

Zolad Sefasda, encensbergerma borotebaze sikeTis gamarjvebad miiCnia,

ramac mis avtoritets mTel evropaSi seriozuli dartyma miayena.

daTo barbaqaZe

5 noemberi, 2009

9

hans magnus encensbergeri

leqsebi

10

frankonuli alublis baRi ianvris TveSi

1.

rac aqamomde iyo xe, iyo Sto, iyo sxte, iyo xerguli _

Tovlis-mier gacrcnil haerSi

namlevi ese nakvalevi, tuSiT mosmuli,

viT sityva erTi furcelzedan daCneuli,

veeberTela emag siTeTres daenTqmeba.

aexateba sruliadmcire mSveneba igi gantotvili

TeTrsa casa; malalTiTeba, igi,

TiTqmisda uxsovneli, TiTqmisda susxi uiolesi,

droJams TiTqmisda ganrinebuli;

TiTqmisda ase: arc zeiTuri, arc qveiTuri, TvalTmiukvlevi

wiri mqrqali, cas da gormaxebs gakiduli,

sul odnav TeTri, iseve TeTrSi Cateuli,

TiTqmis arara _

2.

myofobs mainc,

vidre furceli ese, alagi ese, wami ese

sulmTlad TeTrad moiqceodes.

feTeba igi ferTa mcireTa,

ZnelgansaWvreti, Cinobs mainc isev da isev:

mwirzemwirTa esreT winwkalTa spa uracxavi,

TuTiisfrad, tyviisfrad, carcisebr,

anda TabaSirisebr, rZisebr TeTri; gadapentili, obisferi, _

TviTeuli gancalkevebiT,

agrerigad mravalxmierad, naTlad agrerig dawinwkluli

11

sasikvdilo dResaswauli nakvalevTa:

kona da kona knini siTeTre iRaRadebs

mZleTamZleobas zanti mTqnarebiT davanebuli maradisobis.

3.

TiTqmisda ase: ararasa da araras Sua

Zaliandeba da, TeTrad hyvavis xei alublis.

Targmna besik adeiSvilma

12

mglebis dacva kravebisgan

Zeram kesane coxnos, ara?

turas ras sTxovT,

tyavi gaiZros, mgels? rom

kbili Tavad daiZros?

politrukebs da papebs

ras uwunebT?

briyvulad TvalebdaqaCulebi ras miSterebixarT

crupentela ekrans?

gana, vin ukerebs generals

Sarvalze sisxlian lampasebs? vin

umzadebs mevaxSes yveruls?

vin ikidebs Tavmomwoned Tunuqis jvars

mobuybuye faSvze? vin

iRebs xelis groSs, vercxlis fuls,

mayuTs, rom moketos? aki,

bevria gaqurduli, qurdi ki cota; gana, vin

ukravs maT taSs, vin

ibnevs samkerde niSnebs, an

tyuili gana vis swyuria?

sarkeSi CaixedeT: laCrebo,

simarTlis simZimiT dadedlebulebo,

swavlis uarmyoflebo, mglebisTvis

azrovnebis gadamlocvelebo,

Tqveni uZvirfasesi samkauli sacxvire rgolia,

yeyeCebze gaTvlili sicrue, iaffasiani

nugeSi, nebismieri gamomZalveloba

13

TqvenTvis jer cotaa.

Tqven, kravebo, debi arian,

TqvenTan SedarebiT, yrantala yvavebi:

Tvalebs TxriT erTmaneTs.

Zmoba sufevs,

Tu sufevs, mglebs Soris:

isini xrovebad dadian.

dideba yaCaRebs: Tqven ki,

Tqvenive gasaupatiureblad mimpatiJeblebo,

Tqvenve miegdebiT xolme morCilebis

Smorian sawolze. wkmutunebT da

am drosac cruobT. Tqven gsurT,

rom gjijgnon. Tqven

ver SecvliT qveynierebas.

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qveynis ena

Ostendebat namque varium iracundum iniustum

inconstantem, eundem exorabilem clementem

misericordem, gloriosum excelsum humilem,

ferocem fugacemque et omnia pariter.

Plinius, Hist. nat. ΧΧΧV, ΧΧΧVΙ.1

ra damikargavs aq,

qveyanaSi, sadac uwyinrad

momavlines Cemma mSoblebma?

var mkvidri, Tumca unugeSo,

mimokarguli,

adgilobrivi am saamo ubedobaSi,

TviTkmayofil, lamaz xaroSi.

ra gamaCnia me aq? anda, ra damkargvia

am sasaklao velze, zRaprul am saRoreSi,

sadac yvela da yvelaferi aRmavali, magram ara winmavalia,

sad moyirWebas saimedod daudevs bina,

delikatesiT movaWreTa maRaziebSi carciviT TeTri siRaribe

xrinwianad sadac xrialebs da SedRvebili naRebidan amoibRavlebs:

yvelaferi aRmavalia!

sadac Raribi mdidrebisgan raRac erTi mogebis iqiT sxvebi —

mdidari Raribebi —

1 pliniusi wers erTi aTenelis dakarguli naSromis Sesaxeb, romelSic sa-

ubaria misi xalxis xasiaTze: “mas (anu paraziuss) surda isini (anu misi qve-

ynis xalxi) ise warmoedgina, rogorc is maT warmoudgeboda: kerZod Wer-

li, fxukiani, usamarTlo, oportunizmisken midrekili; amasTanave, gav-

lenebs iolad daqvemdebarebadi, gulCvili, guliTadi; maRlamxedi, gana-

Tlebuli, uxamsi, mZvinvare, mxdali — da es yvelaferi erTbaSad da erT-

droulad.” (avtori)

15

Tav-TavianT kinoskamebs aRtacebiT acamtvereben,

aq dacemidan dacemamde yvelaferi aRmavalia,

gadasaxadTa balansi sadac igalobebs osanas da netar arian-s

da bRavis: ara, sakmarisi sulac ar aris

Tavisufali drois qrolva da gaqaneba TvalSeuvlebi,

es umciresi zaralia, naxevaria,

arafers niSnavs, sakmarisi sulac ar aris,

yvelgan da yvelgan rom daZrwian satarife partniorebi

da iRereben daberil muStebs da moilxenen

da mRerian da ase amboben:

aq yvelaferi aRmavalia,

Cinebulia marTlac aq yofna,

aq xom ukusvlac aRmavalia,

erTi mmarTveli aq meore mmarTvel batons locvaniT bombavs,

msubuqad daSavebulebi awarmoeben oms mZimed dazaralebulebTan,

rasac aq hqvia umowyalo saTnoeba erTurTis mimarT,

da es mciredi borotebaa,

es ar makvirvebs,

muStrebi amas eguebian,

swored aq, sadac erTi xeli meores iZens,

gulze davidoT xeli, Cven aq Tavi qudSi gvaqvs,

aq davemkvidroT,

am ariul jarTis grovaze,

am moRrWiale manqansadgomze,

sadac nangrevebs nangrevebi amoezrdebaT,

axalTaxlebi, nangrevebi maragad da ganvadebiTac,

gamoweriTac, CamoweriTac:

16

didebulia marTlac aqyofna,

moxmarebul momxmarebels,

rac mciredi borotebaa,

sadac Tma scviva,

gofrirebuli muyaoTi da celofniT sadac

daufaravs warmatebuli Tavisi Tavi,

sadac igi, ararsebuli, ormodan yviris:

aq davemkvidroT,

mkvlelTa ormoSi,

aq, sadac kedlis kalendari, siCqarisgan da umweobisgan, TviTve

ifurcvlis

da sadac nagvis bunkerebSi namyo fuvdeba,

xolo mermisi akraWunebs proTezis kbilebs,

amis mizezi is aris, rom yvelaferi aRmavalia,

Cven yvelafrisTvis maTeTrebels viyenebT Warbad,

da es iseTi Cveulebrivi saqmea, rom sul ar makvirvebs,

Cven oqros kveTis sizustiT vwevarT

aq, pozitivi sadac aRwevs umaRles niSnuls,

da is savaWro palatebis aris sudara,

mina-javSnis qveS moTavsebuls dasakrZalad miasveneben,

sadac, brmebs Soris, Tavs kargad vgrZnobT,

sadac savaWro centrebi da morgebi da iaraRis sawyobebi Cveni

saxlia,

da es rodia yvelaferi, es xom mxolod naxevaria,

es ganzrax dakonservebuli udaburi adgilebia,

warmatebuli siSlegea, es aris cekva

gacrecili waulas qurqiT, damtvreuli muxlebiT cekva,

17

amneziis maradiuli gazafxulis Jams,

es sxva qveynebze bevrad ufro sxva qveyanaa,

me amas vnanob, da rom vnanob,

umciresi borotebaa, radgan simarTle is aris mxolod,

rasac am qveynis msxverplad qceuli, Cveulebrivi mkvdari xalxi

qvesknelidan amoiyvirebs, raRac uxmos da warumatebels,

rac xmagaumtar safars awveba qvemodan da

dafaravs da swrafad muqdeba,

dalaqavdeba, dasveldeba da guburad gadaiqceva,

da es savsebiT Cveulebrivi guburaa is, rac mas tboravs,

saxlis sulebsac datboravs da

Zmebi grimebis lomCitasac, nairbewvasac

da maT mSvenier rapuncelsac, aq isini aRar arian,

arc qalaqebi arsebobs ukve, aRarc Tevzebi,

am gubeSi amoixrCo es yvelaferi,

samsaxursa da sacxovriss Soris xangrZliv savals Setovebuli,

muyaiTi da daucveli Cemi ZmebiviT,

rarig ganvicdi maT beds, RvTismosav am marTlmsajulTa bedsac

ganvicdi,

gaziskacebis gamoc vwuxvar, mere rogor daaboteben bevrni da

bevrni,

dasaplombi xelsawyoebiT, mZime-mZime nabijebiT,

ararsebuli CeqmebiT da ufskrulis gavliT,

kefaSi mtkiced CaWedili damRiT, Tanaxmad ganawesisa:

rom yofiliyo es xalxi msgavsi sxva xalxebisa,

sul sxva, savsebiT Cveulebrivi iqneboda es qveyanac

18

da ara — Ramis da nislis mxare,

ararsebuliT gadavsebuli,

maT ar ician, vin arian, arc surT icodnen,

am qveynad moxvdnen

am qveynidan gaqceulebi

da gaqceulni unda iyon kubos karamde:

rom yofiliyo sxvagvarad, maSin maTi Svelac iqneboda SesaZlebeli,

iqneboda rCevebic da Sinagani kmayofilebac,

ar iqneboda es yamiri, mtruli qveyana!

ra damikargavs aq, ras veZieb

da viCiCqnebi am daumdgar da bnel gorgalSi

erTmaneTSi gaxlarTuli orTabrZolis iaraRebis, tkbobis niSnebis,

qudSi gasarWob frTebisa da sezonuri fasdaklebebis, gana ras

vpoveb,

Tu ara isev qronikulad, qronologurad mowesrigebul sportul

darbazebs,

Tu ara saqmis mwarmoeblebs kacobrivisTvis

yazarmebSi yazarmebis yazarmebisTvis:

ra mesaqmeba aq? ra unda vTqva?

romel enaze? vis gasagonad?

aq arCevani danasaviT mesoba gulSi,

vnanob, da vici, es mciredi borotebaa,

da is yviris da aRar wyvets yvirils,

cisken miiwevs mcire-mcire Seyvirebebad,

unda, rom ufro didi Candes, vidre aris sinamdvileSi,

magram es mTeli sulac ar aris;

19

mxolod d da mxolod Semzaravi naxevaria,

es sakmarisi ar aris jerac:

radgan SimSiliT cofSeyrili es qveyana

Tavad iTxris gamrjed samares,

es qveyana Tavis Tavs TviTve gamoyofia,

guli, Signidan ganwvaluli da darRveuli,

miwyiv uazrod mowikwike, bombi xorcisa,

Wriloba sveli, ararsebuli:

germaneTi, Cemi qveyana, uwminduri guli am xalxTa,

sakmaod saxelSelaxuli, JamiT Jamamde,

Cveulebrivi yvela xalxis warmodgenaSi:

me da Cemi ori qveyana, Cven varT erTurTs gayrili xalxi,

da mainc aq var, Seupovrad, am yvelafris miuxedavad

da, mgloviare, vekiTxebi Cems Tavs:

me aq ra damikargavs?

is damikargavs swored,

rac me enaze madgas,

raRac sxva, mTeli,

mTel msoflios gabedulad rac exumreba

da ar ixrCoba am guburaSi,

ucxo, ganwvalul am xrials rac dautania,

gazeT axali germaniis dapresil xrials,

“frankfurter algemaines” xrials

(rac mciredi borotebaa),

pirdamuwuli xrCoba, romelmac sul ar uwyis sakuTari Tavis

Sesaxeb,

20

romlis Sesaxeb araferi minda vicode, sanimuSo qveyana da

mkvlelebis xaro, sadac suliT da guliT Caagdes

Cemi naxevrad cocxali xorci,

aq vrCebi axlac,

vmetoqeob, ukan ar vixev,

aq davrCebi erTi xanoba,

vidre aqedan sxva xalxisken gaveSurebi,

da davisveneb me savsebiT Cveulebriv qveyanaSi,

oRond aq ara,

oRond ara aq.

21

leqsi leqsebis armkiTxvelTaTvis

visi yvirili gamoismis nawyvet-nawyveti

nislis saknidan? es vin mocuravs

yelze rezinis rgolCamocmuli,

martis magari ludis da sisxlis

mduRare tbors gamoRweuli?

isaa swored,

visTvisac mtverSi vkawrav am sityvebs,

vinc maT verasdros amoikiTxavs.

vin Camarxula erTianad gazeTebsa da

qaqSi? visa aqvs urani SardSi?

an webovani furTxiT TaTbirebs

miwebebuli vin aris? an vin

amovlebula tyviaSi?

naxe,

anteniT kefadamSvenebuli,

utyvad icoxnis binZuri tviniT.

ra movuxerxoT dagmanul yurebs,

oden sarkalSi amovlebulebs,

gamoxveulebs birJis uricxv biuletenSi,

registraturis pirquS Sekvrebad

piradi nebiT CamoStampulebs?

virjebi

Clungi gamcemlebis yurTaTvis, da maT

mivmarTav civad, rogorc Rame, dabejiTebiT.

ra Rmuilia, Cems sityvebs rom

22

erTbaSad STanTqavs? es xom yefaa uwminduri

sauwyebo im arwivebis, romlebic

caSi, mTlad usulod datovebulSi,

Cven gvdarajoben.

RviZls,

Cemsas da Sensas, kortnian,

mkiTxvelo, leqsebs rom ar kiTxulob.

23

brmad

gamarjvebiT aRsavse

iqneba saqme TvalxilulTa

maT calTvalebi

moasxdnen kiserze

Zalaufleba xelT igdes

da brma gaamefes

Caketil sazRvarTan dganan

TvaldaxuWobanas moTamaSe policielebi

drodadro antisaxelmwifoebrivi

xrikebisTvis Zebnil

Tvalis eqims iWeren xolme

yvela mmarTvel batons

Savi salbuniT daufaravs

marjvena Tvali

brmaTa gamZRoli ZaRlebis mier napovn

upatrono madidebs da saTvaleebs

napovni nivTebis uwyebaSi ablabuda dapatronebia

bejiTma axalgazrda astronomebma

SuSis Tvalebi Caisves

SorsmWvreteli mSoblebi

TavianT Svilebs windawin aswavlian

daelmebis progresul xelovnebas

mteri Tavisi agentebis xeliT

boris wyals aparebs koniunqtivitis gamosawvevad

24

magram keTilgonieri moqalaqeebi

viTarebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT Tavs fxizlad icaven

da ar endobian TavianT Tvalebs

saxeSi iyrian pilpils da marils

acremlebulebi exebian RirSesaniSnaobebs

da brmebis anbans euflebian

cota xnis win mefes gamoucxadebia

rom is mtkice rwmeniT gahyurebs momavals

25

mSvidobiani kacis saflavze

ai, es kaci sulac ar yofila xalxis megobari,

gaurboda Tavyrilobebs, savaWro saxlebs, arenebs.

Tavis msgavsTa xorcs ar miirTmevda.

quCebSi daabijebda Zaladoba,

RimiliT, ara SiSvel-titveli.

zecaSi ki yvirilis xmebi gaismoda.

adamianTa saxeebi ar iyo mkafio.

isini daiSala

manam, sanam mexi iWeqebda.

erTaderTi, risTvisac is mTeli sicocxle ibrZoda,

sityvebiT da kbilebiT, mZvinvared,

daundoblad, mxolod sakuTari ZalebiT:

iyo raRac, rasac is sakuTar simSvides eZaxda

da moipova kidec, Tumca piri aRar gaaCnia

mis ConCxs, raTa es raRac Seitkbos.

26

MIDDLE CLASS BLUES

araferi gvaqvs samduravi.

gvaqvs saqme.

varT maZRarni.

vWamT.

izrdeba balaxi,

erovnuli Semosavali,

frCxilebi TiTebze,

warsuli.

carielia quCebi.

Cinebulia xelSekrulebebi.

duman sirenebi.

es ukve daviwyebas eZleva.

gardacvlilebma datoves anderZi.

wvimam iklo.

omi jer ar gamocxadebula.

es araa saCqaro.

vikvebebiT balaxiT.

vikvebebiT erovnuli SemosavaliT.

vikvebebiT TiTis frCxilebiT.

vikvebebiT warsuliT.

araferi gvaqvs dasamali.

araferi gvaqvs wasayruebeli.

araferi gvaqvs saTqmeli.

27

gvaqvs.

saaTi momarTulia.

urTierTobebi mowesrigebulia.

TefSebi wyalSi gavlebulia.

bolo avtobusi Cavlilia.

is carielia.

araferi gvaqvs samduravi.

raRas moveliT?

28

liqenTuwyeba2

I

qva rom metyvelebs,

gasakviri sulac ar aris.

magram liqeni?

II

sakuTar Tavs aRwers liqeni,

Caewereba, idumali

anbaniT wers

sityvauxv dumils:

Graphis scripta.

III

is dedamiwis

neliadi uwyebaa,

es uwyeba arasdros modis:

is yvelgan ukve-mosulia,

Tundac cecxlovan miwaze da

saflavis qvebze.

IV

“vis SegiZliaT amis wakiTxva!”

am gamxmar filtvze

2 Graphis scripta: liqenwerili. “vis SegiZliaT amis wakiTxva!”: biuxneris voi-

ceki-dan, eqimis scenaSi. wiTlad ferili iisferi da atmisferi: saRebavi

ferebi, romlebic liqenidan iqna miRebuli. manana: “israelitelebis mier

udabnoSi nagemi m. arabeTsa da ZiriTadad sinasTan gavrcelebuli buCqi-

dan, Tamarix mannifera Ehrbg. (ix. Tamarix) unda warmomavlobdes; magram sava-

raudoa isic, rom bibliaSi naxsenebi es m. samxreT afrikisa da wina aziis

udabur adgilebSi gavrcelebuli mananliqeni (ix. Spaerithallia) iyo.” (brok-

hausi, meToTxmete gamocema.) (avtori)

29

ufro iolad iSifreba

Zveli sibrZne, papirusi,

silueturi portreti, tvini.

V

uiaraRod

ibrZvis igi sicocxlisTvis

da ar marcxdeba.

(me mas Tqvenc gamCnevT:

arki gjeraT,

rasac me vambob.)

VI

ar moxdeba, liqenma rom waiborZikos.

ar cuddeba misi naRvawi.

gavige, ganasazogadova

man, xotbis Rirsma komunistma qalma,

Tavisi sawarmoo saSualebebi.

VII

am Cveni areulobebiT yelamde savses

xSirad mwyuria,

Tvali vkido liqenis iers.

damidgiT mTa da

daganaxebT, rasac vgulisxmob.

VIII

islandiuro xviflo, WaRarav,

Cvens saojaxo afTiaqSi

vin Semogagdo?

30

auRelveblad gvexmarebi,

sisxls rom vaxvelebT.

IX

ityviT, ra unda, ras mieltvis,

ra liqeni aixirao?

axla dadges da xvifli coxnos,

Cven dro ar gvaqvso.

X

ai, liqens ki

dro bevri aqvs,

aTaswlovani

Tqvens fexqveS rom wevs,

barbarosas quslmac

tkepna, magram liqens

misi qusli saTvalavSic ar Caugdia.

XI

mxedarTa sastik

brZolebs rodi SeuRebavT

Zowisferi xvifli Zowisfrad,

is maSinac aseTi iyo.

XII

usisxlo filtvi, Jangisferi,

zafranisferi, marjnisferi, forToxlisferi,

wiTlad ferili iisferi, atmisferi da Warxlisferi,

da yvelaferi — rux niadagze,

Spitcbergenis kunZulebis

31

rux niadagze.

XIII

arc erTi Cveni WeSmariteba ar amJRavnebs aseT simtkices.

swored liqeni faravs mkvdar merqans,

aguris RorRebs, kerpebs da lavas,

aris taZrebis daqcevis da nangrevebis Wirisufali.

Crdilouri irmis xavsi,

TiTqmis TeTri, magram ara sruliad TeTri.

XIV

ar vici, kldes Tu SeuZlia

liqens aRudges.

rodi afeTqebs kldes liqeni,

masze saxldeba,

dasaxlebul adgilad aqcevs.

XV

rogorc viyaviT, niSnavda, rom arc ra yofila.

rogorc axla varT, niSnavs arafers.

uTqmeladac gasagebia. rogorc

viqnebiT samomavlod,

saucxoo iqneba isic,

eWvgareSea.

XVI

magram Tqven xom sul ar gjeraT,

rasac me vambob.

rao, bejiTad jerac isev ar mogiCxrikavT

Tqveni tvini da Tqveni wveri?

32

XVII

ho, marTla, Cveni es liqeni,

lamis aris,

gadagvaviwyda.

naTlisliqeno, mziuro xviflo,

darCiCvenTan,

Sen, diado mexsierebav.

XVIII

zeciTmovlenil mananaze vocnebobT yvela.

magram manana vin gaaCina?

es mciredTa codnaa mxolod.

swored liqenma.

XIX

saucxoo-meTqi, warmovTqvi.

jerjerobiT ki, naTelia,

Cveni mzadyofna liqenisas

ver Seedreba.

uTqmeladac gasagebia.

XX

me ar vici mananas gemo.

Tumc, saucxoo rom iqneba,

eWvgareSea.

33

Crdilsameufo

I

me aq kidev erT adgils vxedav,

Tavisufal adgils,

aq, CrdilSi.

II

da es Crdili

ar iyideba.

III

zRvac

mimoifens Crdils, SesaZloa,

droc mimoifens.

IV

CrdilTa omebi

TamaSebia:

arc erTi Crdili

meore Crdils naTelSi ar gamouCndeba.

V

CrdilSi mcxovrebis

mokvla Znelia.

VI

mcire xniT

Cems Crdils davuteveb,

mxolod mcire xniT.

34

VII

visac surs Suqi iseTi naxos

rogoric aris

ukan unda daixios

da Crdils Seudges.

IX

Crdili

am mzeze ufro naTeli:

grili Crdili Tavisuflebis.

X

Cemi Crdili

CrdilSi srulad uCinardeba.

XI

CrdilSi

jerac aris adgili.

35

silueti

vxatav Tovls.

vxatav daJinebiT

vxatav Sveulad

didi funjiT

Tovls

am TeTr gverdze.

da vxatav miwas.

vxatav miwis

Crdils, vxatav Rames.

ar mZinavs.

vxatav,

ase vxatav me mTeli Rame.

Tovli acviva

Sveulad da daJinebiT,

rasac me vxatav.

didi Crdili

daecema

Cemiv siluets.

am siluetze

vxatav

Ramis

didi funjiT

jiutad vxatav

Cems erT bewo Crdils.

36

xelaxali aRzrdis sirTuleTa gamo

marTlac rom ubadloa

yvela es didi gegma:

oqros saukune

RvTaebrivi meufeba dedamiwaze

saxelmwifos gadaSeneba.

yvelaferi ra TvalsaCinoa.

oRond, xalxi rom ar arsebobdes!

xalxi yovelTvis da yvelgan xelisSemSlelia.

xalxia erTmaneTSi yvelafris amrevi.

saqme kacobriobis gaTavisuflebas exeba

isini ki dalaqTan garbian.

imis nacvlad rom STagonebulebi avangards cunculiT aedevnon

amboben: kargi iqneboda axla kaTxa ludi.

imis nacvlad rom samarTliani saqmisTvis ibrZolon

isini venebis gaganierebas da wiTelas ebrZvian.

gadamwyvet wams

isini safosto yuTs an sawols daeZeben.

aTaswliani meufebis dadgomamde cota xniT adre

isini Cvrebis gamoxarSviT dasaqmebulan.

yvelaferi imsxvreva xalxis gadamkide.

SeuZlebelia maTTan erTad saxelmwifos Seqmna.

erTi tomara rwyilic ki araferia maTTan SedarebiT.

wvrilburJuaziuli meryeoba!

momxmarebel-idiotebi!

37

warsulis gadmonaSTebi!

arada, xom ver amoxocav!

xom ar SeiZleba mTeli dReebis ganmavlobaSi arwmuno isini!

arada, xalxi rom ar arsebobdes

ukve yvelafers sxva saxe eqneboda.

ai, xalxi rom ar arsebobdes

yvelaferi TvalisdaxamxamebaSi Seicvleboda.

ai, xalxi rom ar arsebobdes!

ai, maSin!

(hoda, arc me SegawuxebdiT maSin am yvelafriT.)

38

simRera imaze rac yvelafers exeba da rac ukve viciT

raRac rom unda viRonoT da Tanac axlave

Cven es ukve viciT

magram jerac rom adrea raRac rom viRonoT

magram ukve gvian rom aris raRac rom viRonoT

Cven es ukve viciT

da rom kargad varT

da rom yovelTvis kargad viqnebiT

da rom amas araviTari mizani ara aqvs

Cven es ukve viciT

da rom damnaSave varT

da rom arafer SuaSi varT damnaSave rom varT

da rom damnaSave varT imitom rom arafer SuaSi varT

da rom Cven es gvakmayofilebs

Cven es ukve viciT

da rom iqneb ukeTesi yofiliyo piri dagvemuwa

da rom ver davmuwavT

Cven es ukve viciT

Cven es ukve viciT

da rom veravis davexmarebiT

da rom veravin dagvexmareba

Cven es ukve viciT

da rom Cven niWierni varT

da rom arCevani Cvenzea arafers da kvlav arafers Soris

39

da rom Cven es problema safuZvlianad unda gavaanalizoT

da rom Cven CaiSi ori natexi Saqari unda CavagdoT

Cven es ukve viciT

da rom Cven Cagvris winaaRmdegi varT

da sigareti rom Zvirdeba

Cven es ukve viciT

da rom Cven amas yovelTvis winaswar vWvretT

da rom Cven yovelTvis marTlebi aRmovCndebiT

da rom amas azri ar eqneba

Cven es ukve viciT

da rom es yvelaferi marTalia

Cven es ukve viciT

da rom es yvelaferi sicruea

Cven es ukve viciT

da rom aris es yvelaferi

Cven es ukve viciT

da rom daTmena araTu yvelaferi ar aris aramed saerTodac

araferia

Cven es ukve viciT

da rom Cven amas daviTmenT

Cven es ukve viciT

da rom es yvelaferi sulac ar aris axali

40

da rom cxovreba mSvenieria

Cven es ukve viciT

Cven es ukve viciT

Cven es ukve viciT

da rom Cven es ukve viciT

Cven es ukve viciT

41

hans magnus encensbergeri

esseebi

42

mecnierebis poezia

maTematika ideebis poeziaa.

arman boreli

1

Chacun deviant idiot à sa facçon — yvela Taviseburad warmoaCens Tavs

idiotad. es fraza ekuTvnis peter esterhazis, keTilSobili gvaris

STamomavals, vinc sakuTari gamonaTqvami Tavisive cxovrebiT sauke-

Tesod daasabuTa: Tavidan maTematikosad mogvevlina, mogvianebiT —

fexburTelad, bolos ki — cnobil romanistad. savaraudod, man amiT

meTvramete saukuneSi klasikad qceuli Seuracxmyofeli fraza igu-

lisxma. imxanad akademikosebi paeqrobisas erTurTs, arc Tu iSviaT-

ad, idiot savant-s3 uwodebdnen. dResdReobiTac ki, nebismier mecniers

erTi an ori kolega mainc eguleba iseTi, visac, misi azriT, es epiT-

eti Seefereba. profesional idiotTa amgvari mozRvaveba mecniere-

baTa viwro specializaciis garduvali Sedegi unda iyos. TviT ama

Tu im dargis farglebSic ki sul ufro rTuldeba urTierTgagebis

SenarCuneba. Znelad Tu gabedavs vinme imis mtkicebas, rom icis, Tu

ra etapzea kvleva zusti mecnierebis yvela sferoSi. interdiscip-

linarobis Sesaxeb ybadaRebuli saubaric ver agvixvevs Tvals, roca

codnis SeZena pirdapir ukavSirdeba siClunges.

amitomac aRar gvakvirvebs, rom — ukve ra xania — aRaravin lapar-

akobs humanitarul da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa saerTo ho-

rizontis Sesaxeb, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT xelovnebaze. ori kultu-

ris Sesaxeb p. k. snous cnobilma Tezam drois gamocdas ver gauZlo.

dRevandeli mzardi mravalferovnebis fonze aseTive warmatebiT

3 `idioti mecnieri~ (frang.).

43

SegviZlia vilaparakoT sami, xuTi an sulac asi kulturis Sesaxeb. am

babilonuri pluralizmis pirobebSi ingliseli fizikosisa da roma-

nistis mier 1959 wels gamoTqmuli winaswarmetyveleba optimistu-

radac ki JRers.

2

Idiot savant-is anu `idioti mecnieris~ figura warmoudgenelia misi

tyupiscalis gareSe, romelic lamis masze ufro xSir movlenad gve-

vlineba. Idiot lettré4 iseTi kategoriaa, humanitarTa, xelovanTa da mwe-

ralTa wreebSi rom ikidebs fexs da, Tavisi SezRudulobis xarjze,

Tavs sakuTar oreulze ufro laRadac ki grZnobs. rogorc cnobi-

lia, yoveli Cvengani dedamiwis zurgze yvelgan ucxoelia da, zus-

tad aseve, codnis yvela sferoSi sanaxevrod an mTlianad uwignurni

varT. erTia am faqtis aRiareba da sul sxvaa — iamayo umecrebis am-

gvari mdgomareobiT. Seqspiris iseTi mkvlevari, erTxelac rom ar

gadaufurclavs darvini, mxatvari, romelsac rTuli ricxvebis xse-

nebisTanave TvalebSi ubneldeba, fsiqoanalitikosi, romelmac ara-

feri icis mwerebis kvlevis uaxles Sedegebze, da poeti, romelsac

nevrologaSi moxsenebis mosmenis dros usaTuod Zili ereva, — ra

uneblieT komikuri figurebi arian, sakuTari ZalisxmeviT ra axlos

misulan srul gamotvinebasTan!

3

cxadia, yovelTvis ase ar iyo saqme. amis saxilvelad istoriis sa-

fuZvliani codna ar aris saWiro. aranair saidumlos ar warmoadgens

is, rom filosofia, poezia da mecniereba Tavdapirvelad erTurTis

gverdigverd Tanaarsebobdnen. maTi saerTo Ziri miTosia. astron-

4 `idioti literatori~ (frang.).

44

omia Tavis CanasaxSi magiur praqtikas warmoadgenda da uSualod uk-

avSirdeboda astrologias. swored sokratemdelma filosofosebma

Cauyares safuZveli fizikas evropaSi. empedokle poeturi kosmo-

logiis avtoria; xolo piTagora samoseli, visi wyalobiTac maTe-

matika legendaruli naxtomebiT ganviTarda, mistikosi gaxldaT.

msgavsi ram SeiZleba iTqvas indoeTSi mecnierebaTa Camoyalibe-

bis Sesaxebac. sulvasutras sakraluri maTematika qristes dabade-

bamde pirvel aTaswleulSi Seiqmna. aseve, ganuyofeli iyo erTurTi-

sgan filosofia, poezia da mecniereba mesopotamiaSi, egviptesa da

CineTSi.

4

Tavis vrcel didaqtikur poemaSi De rerum natura lukreciusma mo-

icva Tavisi drois mecnierebaTa mTeli horizonti. italo kalvinos

TqmiT, mas surda `materiisadmi mieZRvna leqsi, magram imTaviTve mi-

gvaniSna imaze, rom materiis realuri arsi uamravi uxilavi nawilak-

isgan Sedgeba. is fizikuri konkretulobis mexotbea, misi myari ucv-

lelobisa, da, amave dros, igi pirvelia, vinc gvamcnobs, rom sicari-

ele myar sxeulebze aranakleb konkretulia... TviT meqanikis im um-

kacresi kanonebis Camoyalibebis drosac ki, nebismier movlenas rom

ganapirobeben, is Tavs valdebulad Tvlis, atomebs swori xazidan

gauTvaliswinebeli gadaxvevis ufleba SeunarCunos, ase rom, rog-

orc materias, ise — adamians, Tavisufleba uzrunvelyofili aqvT.

maSasadame, uxilavis poezia, usasrulo gauTvaliswinebel SesaZleb-

lobaTa poezia, iseve, rogorc araras poezia, swored im poetis Seq-

mnilia, visac samyaros konkretulobaSi eWvi ar epareba.~

45

5

uZveles moazrovneTa mier daarsebulma didaqtikuri leqsis

tradiciam Sua saukuneebs gauZlo da renesansis epoqaSi axal gaf-

urCqvnas miaRwia. am epoqis poetebi, mxatvrebi, arqiteqtorebi Tu

filosofosebi xarbad daewafnen TavianT TanamedroveTa mecnier-

ul kvlevebs. es interesi, rogorc kardanos, diurerisa Tu leonar-

dos SemTxvevaSi, xSirad umWidroesad iyo gadaxlarTuli Semoqme-

debiT saqmianobasTan. jordano bruno da sirano de berJeraki ar

scnobdnen zRvars poeziasa da mecnierebas Soris. meTvramete sauku-

nis Sua xanebamde am sazRvris Sesaxeb laparakic ki ar yofila. Tavis

monumentur enciklopediaze samuSaod didrom maTematikos d’alam-

berTan wamoiwyo uaRresad nayofieri TanamSromloba. lixtenbergi,

visac, sxvaTa Soris, fotoaslis gamogonebas unda vumadlodeT, mni-

Svnelovani fizikosi gaxldaT, xolo goeTe didi gznebiT Seiswavli-

da geologiis, botanikisa da fiziologiis sakiTxebs, sul rom ara-

feri vTqvaT mis im axirebul wamowyebaze, romlis Sedegadac miviR-

eT `moZRvreba ferTa Sesaxeb~. erT-erTi ukanaskneli mniSvnelovani

didaqtikuri leqsi gaxlavT daumTavrebeli `mcenareTa gardasax-

va~. romantikosebisTvisac jerac ucxo iyo samecniero da literat-

urul sferoTa mkveTri gamijnva. riteri, karu da Samiso Tavadve me-

cnieruli kvlevebiT iyvnen dakavebuli, xolo fridrix fon harden-

bergis `zogadi monaxazi~ mowmobs avtoris farTo ganswavlulobaze

maTematikis, qimiis, fsiqiatriisa da biologiis sferoebSi.

6

es yovelive imis maniSnebelia, rom sabunebismetyvelo mecniere-

baTa da xelovnebisa da humanitarul sferoTa Soris didi ganxeTqi-

leba mecxramete saukunis Zalze simptomaturi aRmoCena unda yofi-

46

liyo. Semecnebis mzardi specializeba da sauniversiteto sistemaSi

misi dakapsuleba, samecniero Jargonebis warmoSoba da pozitiviz-

mis gamarjveba am ganviTarebis simptomebia da, imavdroulad, misi

gamomwvevi mizezebic. mravali bunebismetyvelis swrafva viwro Car-

CoebiT Semofarglvisken, rasac, arc Tu iSviaTad, garkveuli medid-

urobac axlavs Tan, xelovanTa da kulturis mesveurTa mxridan bu-

nebrivad iwvevs sapasuxo alergiul Setevebs. inteligenciis ojaxSi

es ZmaTa SuRli ukve raxania mimdinareobs da, rogorc wesi, orive

mxaris mtruli ganwyoba erTmaneTs kvebavs da amZafrebs. Idiot savant-

sa da idiot lettré-s erTmaneTTan bevrad ufro meti aqvT saerTo, vidre

maT es Tavad hgoniaT.

7

ra gasakviria, Tuki amgvar viTarebaSi didaqtikuri leqsis tra-

dicia, faqtobrivad, srulebiT Cakvda, riTac, iqneb, upirveles yov-

lisa, literaturam izarala. misi epitafia floberis kalams ekuTv-

nis. da mas `buvari da pekiuSe~ ewodeba. es uaRresad ironiuli encik-

lopediuri prozauli proeqti xsenebul kulturul ganxeTqilebas

Zalze ulmoblad asaxavs. finali iseT globalur marcxs gviCvenebs,

arc erT mxares rom ar indobs, radgan floberis bedkruli persona-

Jebi orive polusze mdgar idiotebs ganasaxiereben. `amgvarad, yve-

laferi xelSi CaefSvnaT~. maTi mgznebare mcdelobebis Soreul eq-

od Cagvesmis gasuli saukunis oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis sokalis gax-

maurebuli saqme; daaxloebiT, msgavsi masStabis marcxi, dekonst-

ruqciis balaganSi araerTi veluri SeZaxili rom gamoiwvia.

47

8

savsebiT SegviZlia, mecxramete saukune am TvalsazrisiTac das-

rulebulad CavTvaloT. Tavidan SeumCnevlad, Semdeg ki sul ufro

TvalSi sacemad gadaiSala axali furceli. isaxeba zRvarTa gadakve-

Tis axali mimarTulebani. iqneb, literaturas mouwios im mecnieru-

li simunjidan gaTavisufleba, rac sakuTar Tavs Tavadve SeamTxvia.

erT-erTi pirveli imaTgan, vinc idiot lettré-s rols ver Seurigda, ra-

imon keno iyo. man ara mxolod gamoaqveyna, `pleadis~ saxiT, samecni-

ero enciklopedia, ara mxolod dawera wigni uaxlesi maTematikis

Sesaxeb (`napirebi~, 1963); mas, aseve, ekuTvnis `jibis mcire kosmolo-

gia~ (1950) da kombinatoruli modelis mixedviT Seqmnili leqsi (`asi

miliardi leqsi~, 1961). profesiiT qimikosis, primo levis, Semoq-

medebaSi bunebismetyveleba centralur rols TamaSobs. stanislav

lemis `teqnologiis jami~ (1963) informatikisa da kosmologiis

Rrma codnis garda gasaocar intuiciur winaswarmetyvelebebsac Se-

icavs. SeuZlebelia Tomas pinConis `gravitaciis cisartyela~ (1973,

germanulad Targmnilia saTauriT `igavis dasasruli~) gaviazroT

avtoriseuli poliistoriuli ambiciis gareSe, am sferoSi kvlevis

aqtualur Sedegebsac rom moicavs.

9

zogierTi lirikosic ki ukve gaTavisuflda mecxramete saukunis

sqemebisgan da aRiara, rom poezia SeiZleba Seexos yvelafers, rasac

ki adgili aqvs am samyaroSi. is suleluri crurwmena, viTomda poe-

zia mxolod grZnobaTa gadmosacemad iyos gankuTvnili, aseve mecx-

ramete saukunidan mogvTrevs. dRes sul ufro meti poeti axdens sa-

kuTar teqstebSi mecnierul ideaTa Tematizebas. inger qristenseni,

SesaZloa, Tanamedroveobis umniSvnelovanesi danieli poeti, Tavis

48

epikur `anbans~ (1981, orenovani, daniur-germanuli gamocema) ricxv-

Ta Teoriisa da kombinatoruli analizis sakiTxebs uZRvnis; ufro

konkretulad ki, es leqsi fibonaCis Sedegzea dafuZnebuli. durs

griunbainis SemoqmedebaSi did rols fiziologia da nevrologia

TamaSobs, xolo britaneli avtori lavinia grinlo SemoqmedebiT

aRmafrenas biologiis, komunikaciis Teoriisa da mecnierebaTa is-

toriidan iRebs. ai, amgvari mravalferovani gavlenebis ramodenime

magaliTi:

10

lars gustavsoni, `diskusiebi~

akustikis Zveli saxelmZRvaneloebi

gvirCeven ucnaur eqsperimentebs:

unda movTavsdeT absoluturad simetriul ezoSi

yoveli mxridan SemosazRvrulSi galavnebiT

romlebic marTi kuTxiT dganan erTurTis mimarT

Semdeg amovirCioT erTi kuTxe

da gavisroloT pistoleti.

aRmoCndeba erTi wertili, sadac gasrolis xma ar ismis.

Sen miaRwie akustikur kvanZs:

Tvali mas ver aRiqvams.

tbis sruliad gluvi zedapiris irgvliv

garkveuli kuTxiT

da garkveul ritmSi

49

unda ganvaTavsoT sami pirovneba

romlebic erTmaneTs gasZaxeben `aq var~.

didi xani ar gava, rom gvigonebT `aq var, aq var, aq var~

yvela mxridan, uwyvetad,

da verc erTi sakuTar xmas ver gaarCevs

sxvaTa xmebisagan.

ra saamo monacvleobiTi JReradobaa!

da patara eleqtrul saaTsac Tu

movaTavsebT minis WurWelSi

saidanac haers amovtumbavT

mis wikwiks ukve veRar gavigonebT.

amrigad, dasturdeba eWvi,

rom mediumi sando ar aris,

rom mas SeuZlia Tavis Wkuaze imoqmedos.

Tavis Wkuaze, Tavis Wkuaze.

dro, romelic kidev rCeba, mudam Zalze moklea.

mxolod is, vinc Zalian martosulia, gamoscems mJRer xmebs.

erTob civi zamTaria. yvela navi yinulSia Caqvavebuli.

kriala amindSi ki - cigurebi, wiTeli cigurebi,

iseTi xmiT, rogorsac patara saaTebi gamoscemen,

minis `hermetuli zaris~ qveS.

Cu, viRac laparakobs. visi xmaa, Seni Tu - Cemi?

50

eqo, momxiblavi nimfa dasaxiCrebuli xmiT!

11

albero blanko, `evoluciis Teoria~

raRac raRacisgan rom gamomdinareobs,

amis sawvdomad ar gvWirdeba arc gamoTvla da arc

ramenairi Teoriebi.

clilebebis usasrulo qselSi

arsebebi rom arseboben, romlebic sxva arsebebisgan warmoiSvnen,

imdenad TvalsaCinoa, rom sakuTar Tavs vekiTxebiT:

rogor moxda, rom kidev arseboben adamianebi,

romlebsac jer kidev aeWvebT evoluciis Teoria?

`adamiani~, ambobs Seqspiri,

da miltoni imeorebs amas, `Sedevria~.

magram roca vxedavT, Rrubeli rogor gardaisaxeba

wvimad, wvima - setyvad,

setyva ki - talaxad,

maSin seriozulad viwyebT yvelaferSi eWvis Setanas.

12

miroslav holubi, `Sori Rmuili~

1885 wlis 6 ivliss

elzasSi cofiani ZaRli

Tavs daesxa cxra wlis iozef maisters

51

da ToTxmeti nakbeni dautova.

maisteri pirveli pacienti iyo,

visi gadarCenac SeZlo pasterma

Tavisi SratiT,

dasustebuli virusis

cametmagi doziT.

pasteri aTi wlis Semdgom

tvinSi sisxlis CaqceviT gardaicvala.

maisterma kariskacad daiwyo muSaoba

pasteris institutSi.

ormocdaTxuTmeti wlis asakSi

man Tavi moikla da mTeli xrova

sabralo ZaRlebisa daxoca,

roca germanelebi Tavs daesxnen.

mxolod virusi gadarCa.

13

vin icis, ramdens gvpirdeba momavalSi poeziisa da mecnierebis

amgvari Sexvedrebi? SemTxveviT urTierTobebTan gvaqvs aq saqme Tu

es marTlac idiot lettré-sTan gamoTxovebisa da inteleqtualur poezi-

asTan dabrunebis momaswavebelia? gavlenis sferoebze odnavi Tva-

lis Sevlebac ki kmara, raTa skepsisi mogveZalos. dRes poezia meo-

rexarisxovani mediumia, sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebs ki kultu-

rul sferoSi uzenaesi Zalaufleba daupyriaT. am gagebiT, zemoT na-

52

xsenebi urTierTgadakveTis nebismieri magaliTi uTanasworo Tama-

Sis STabeWdilebas gvitovebs.

da mainc, amgvari daskvna naadrevi, calsaxa da zedapirulia. unda

vaRiaroT, rom poetebi, romlebic mecnierebisadmi Rrma interess

amJRavneben, mxolod marginalur rols TamaSoben. saqme sruliad

sxvagvarad gamoiyureba, Tuki perspeqtivas SemovabrunebT da poezi-

aSi mecnierebis Zebnis nacvlad mecnierebaSi veZiebT poezias.

14

ricxvTa Teoriis didi ingliseli mkvlevari g. h. hardi, vizec ve-

rafriT vityviT, `rbili~ mecnierebis mimdevariao, Tavis wignSi `ma-

Tematikosis apologia~ (1967) mogviTxrobs Tavisi stumrobis Sesa-

xeb megobar genetikosTan, stiv jonsTan, romelsac aSkarad etyoba,

rom literaturaSia gaTviTcnobierebuli; amis varaudis safuZlevs

is gvaZlevs, rom igi semuel teilor kolrijiseul citatas warmoT-

qvams, ingliseli romantikosi poetisa, romelic samefo institutSi

qimiis leqciebis kurss eswreboda. roca mas hkiTxes, Tu risTvis ake-

Tebda amas, kolrijma miugo: `imisTvis, rom metaforebis maragi gav-

imdidro~. amasTan dakavSirebiT hardi SeniSnavs: `jonss, rogorc

Cans, gulze ar exateboda mecnieruli codnis amgvari gamoyeneba;

ufro damajerebel mizezs iTxovda. meore mxriv: raRa iqneboda mec-

niereba metaforebis gareSe?~

marTlac, mecnierebaSi Txroba — xolo mecnieruli procesi ar

arsebobs sityvieri gadmocemis gareSe — mudam metaforul metyvel-

ebas eyrdnoba. laibniciT dawyebuli da venis wriT damTavrebuli,

logikosTa yvela mcdeloba, mecniereba SiSvel formulebamde daey-

vanaT, sabolood marcxiT dasrulda. bunebrivi metyveleba yovlad

Seucvleli da, amave dros, moqnili mediumi gamodga. da swored misi

gamoyenebisas Tanamedroveobis maTematikosebma da bunebismetyvel-

53

ebma sakuTar koncepciaTa, aRmoCenaTa Tu varaudTa gadmocemis ga-

saocari unari gamoavlines. maT mier Seqmnili metaforebi SesaSur

poetur niWze metyvelebs.

15

astronomiaSi, kosmologiasa da fizikaSi vxvdebiT iseT movlen-

ebs, rogorebicaa: CiraRdnebi, laqebis kerebi, gvirgvinebi, mzis qar-

ebi, zodiaqoTa naTeba, galaqtikuri Sriali, muxruWis gamosxiveba,

winare afeTqeba, muxis mindvrebi (sazomi velebi), Savi xvrelebi (am

terminis Seqmnas j. a. uilers unda vumadlodeT), sibnelis Rruble-

bi, akrZaluli xazebi, wiTeli goliaTebi, TeTri jujebi, rentgenu-

li afeTqebebi, pulsatori planetebi, juja galaqtikebi, burTule-

bis grovebi, spiraluri nisli, Wiis soroebi, Savi gamosxiveba, TeTri

Sriali, bawari da ze-bawari, gamrudebuli sivrce, gadaxlarTuli

ganzomilebebi, xelmisawvdomoba, partikularuli (nawilakobrivi)

ojaxebi, wyvili ganadgureba, klaustrofobuli nawilakebi, gauc-

xoeba, kvanturi gvirabebi, kvanturi qafi da kvarkebi (termini, Seqm-

nili miurei gel-manis mier jeims joisis `fineganis qelexis~ mixed-

viT. erTurTisgan asxvaveben ucxo, zeda, qveda, magiur, wiTel, mwva-

ne da lurj kvarkebs).

maTematika icnobs fesvebs, boWkoebs, Canasaxebs, konebs, Znebs,

garsebs, maryuJebs, Sleifebs, sxivebs, droSebs, almebs, nakvalevebs,

jvaredina xufebs, zeda da qveda sxeulebs, sqesebs, ConCxebs, maqsi-

malur, ZiriTad da nulovan idealebs, rgolebs, `gandegilebs~, `mo-

nstrebs~, `ugzo-ukvlod xetials~, gaqcevis wrfeebs; bolos da bo-

los, icnobs gamogonil Tavisufal jgufebs, mravalferovnebebs,

cariel raodenobebs, winare xatebs, Wipis wertilebs, daRmaval xa-

zebs, xidis kideebs, mercxlis kudebs, filtrebs, velur kvanZebs, na-

54

wnavebis jgufebs, gvirabis ricxvebs, kantoris mtvers, hojis bril-

iantebs, stakebs, peplebsa da ixvebs...

16

am nusxis gagrZelebis cduneba Zalze didia. es usasrulobamde

SegviZlia vakeToT, Tuki sxva dargebidanac moviSveliebdiT magali-

Tebs. isic ki, visac araviTari warmodgena ara aqvs am terminebis mni-

Svnelobaze, mainc igrZnobs, Tu ra gabedulad ipyroben mecniere-

bebi axal enobriv teritoriebs, Tanac udavoa, rom isini am proces-

Si poetur saSualebebs mimarTaven.

karl vaierStrasma, elifsuri funqciebis Teoriis fuZemdebel-

ma, ukve asze meti wlis win icoda, rom `maTematikosi, Tuki is odnav

mainc ar aris poeti, srulyofil maTematikosad verasdros CaiTv-

leba.~

xolo nils borma kvanturi fizikis Sesaxeb Tqva, — igi SesaniSnavi

magaliTia imisa, rom fizikuri movlenebis wvdoma Zalze ioli iqne-

ba, maT Sesaxeb mxolod poeturi xatebisa da igav-suraTebis meSveob-

iT Tu vilaparakebTo; rakiRa misi mecniereba bunebas ki ara, imas Se-

iswavlis, risi gamoTqmac adamianebs bunebis Sesaxeb ZaluZT, lite-

raturuli xerxebi fizikis mniSvnelovan nawilad iqca.

17

esTetikuri xedva arc maTematikisTvis, arc Teoriuli fizikis-

Tvis yofila odesme ucxo. oden damtkicebas arasdros sjerdebod-

nen; maTi saukeTeso warmomadgenlebi yovelTvis moxdenil, rom ar

vTqvaT natif, amoxsnebs eZebdnen. am TvalsazrisiT, mravali Seco-

deba pozitivizmis sindiszea. mas qronikuli seni sWirda: ar gaaCnda

55

fantazia. am faqtma Semecnebis Teoriasa da meTodikazec iqonia ze-

gavlena.

bevri ram metyvelebs imaze, rom sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebani

male sabolood gamoeTxovebian mecxramete saukunis dogmebs. klas-

ikuri materializmi iseve, rogorc misi substrati, daSlis proces-

Sia. kosmologiasa da nevrologiur mecnierebebSi tabu aRar adevs

iseT sakamaTo ideebs, romelTa dasabuTebac ver xerxdeba eqsperi-

mentiT. giodelidan moyolebuli, maTemakikac ki iZulebulia, Tva-

li gausworos Tavisi wvdomis SesaZleblobebis orazrovnebas, xolo

kvantur fizikaSi Seucnobeli yoveldRiur, Cveul movlenad iqca.

Status quo-s metismetad mgznebare damcvelebTan Setakebis safrT-

xis winaSec ki gavriskoT imis mtkiceba, rom TviT yvelaze perspeqti-

uli mecnierebac sxva araferia, Tu ara — miTosis Tanamedrove fo-

rma. mkvlevarTa umravlesobisTvis SeumCnevlad, maT koncepciebSi,

axali saxiT, kvlavac gvibrundeba kacobriobis yvela dasabamieri

kiTxva, ocneba Tu koSmari. maTi metaforebi mxolod am miTTaqmna-

dobis gamoxatvis saSualebebia.

18

mecnierebis poezia zedapirze rodi devs. is misi siRrmeebidan

iRebs saTaves. ZaluZs Tu ara literaturas, misive doneze Sexvdes

mecnierebas, — jer kidev Ria sakiTxad rCeba. bolos da bolos, sam-

yarosTvis sulerTi unda iyos is, Tu ra warmoSobis aris Cveni modg-

mis warmosaxviTi unari; mTavaria, es unari SevinarCunoT. rac Seexe-

ba poetebs, dae, es miniSnebebi imis mauwyebeli iyos, rom maTi Semoq-

medebis gareSe es ver moxerxdeba. msgavsad drois sadiagnostikod

da gasazomad gamiznuli izotopisa, poeziac, SeumCneveli da mainc

TvalSisacemi, rogorc kvalis elementi, yovelTvis iq moqmedebs, sa-

dac is yvelaze naklebad gveguleba.

56

wyaroebi

italo kalvino, `eqvsi rCeva momaval aTaswleuls~, harvardis moxsenebe-

bi, italiuridan Targmna burkhard krioberma, miunxeni, 1991.

alan sokali da jon brikmonti, `zRvarTa gadalaxva: kvanturi gravitaci-

is transformaciuli hermenevtikis mimarTulebiT~, gamocemaSi: `socia-

luri teqsti~, 46/47, kembriji, xelnaweri, 1996; germanul enaze: `elegan-

turi uazroba. rogor amaxinjeben postmodernisti moazrovneebi mecnie-

rebebs~, miunxeni, 1999.

nils bori, jon kenedis masalebis mixedviT: `atomuri muza. literatura,

fizika da pirveli atomuri bombebi~, medisoni, 2000.

lars gustafsoni, diskusiebi, gamocemaSi: `En resa till jordens medelpunkt och

andra dikter~, stokholmi, 1966; germanulad Targmnilia h. m. e.-is mier, saTa-

uriT `manqanebi~, miunxeni, 1967.

alberto blanko, evoluciis Teoria, gamocemaSi: `wuTieris guli~, mexi-

ko, ekonomikuri kulturis fondi, 1998, germanuli Targmani - h. m. e.-isa.

miroslav holubi, Sori Rmuili, inglisuri Targmanis xelnaweris mixed-

viT germanul enaze Targmna h. m. e.-ma.

danarTi

`Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom iseTi mkvlevari, rogoric jon lo-

kia, imavdroulad ekonomistic iyo, politologic, filosofosic

da eqimic da iseT did codnas flobda, rogorsac dRes specialist-

Ta mTeli flotic ki ar eyofa, maSin naTeli gaxdeba, Tu raoden di-

di cvlileba moxda mas mere... esTetika da Semecneba jerac ar warmo-

57

adgendnen calke sferoebs. ganaTleba, xelovneba da mecniereba er-

TurTis gverdigverd Tanaarsebobdnen. araferi iyo imaSi ucnauri,

rom pirovneba, saxelad galilei, Tavis Txzulebebs mefis moxele

`swavlul diletants~, papis kuriasa da universitetebs ugzavnida.

mas surda, misi ideebi rogorc mecnieruli, ise esTetikuri saSua-

lebebiT mietana adamianebamde... iyo Tu ara galilei axali drois wi-

namorbedi geniosi mkvlevari, miuxedavad Tavisi literaturuli Tu

politikuri midrekilebebisa? Seuwyo Tu SeuSala xeli mis mier iup-

iteris TanamgzavrTa aRmoCenas im faqtma, rom mis droSi poezia da

mecniereba jer kidev harmoniulad Tanaarsebobdnen?”

bodo fon graifi, `galileim dro uqmad xom ar gaflanga?~, Jur-

nalSi: `Sepasuxebebi. Jurnali Semecnebis Sesaxeb disputisTvis~, # 7,

berlini, 2001.

`metafora aaSkaravebs im winare mdgomareobas, romelSic fesvi

udgas ara mxolod Cveni gamocdilebis pirad da uqm sferoebs, ara

mxolod moseirneTa da poetTa samyaroebs, aramed, agreTve, Teore-

tikosTa specializebuli terminologiis ucxod mJRer gamoxatu-

lebebs~.

hans blumenbergi, `Seucnoblis Teoriis mimoxilva~.

`sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi... xSirad uaryofen yovelgvar

miniSnebas metaforis funqciaze, warmarTos da ganapirobos Semec-

nebis procesi; msgavs miniSnebebs, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, humanita-

rul mecnierebaTa propagandad racxaven. fizikaSi gavrcelebul is-

eT suraT-xatTa xmarebas, rogorebic `talRa~ an `nawilakia~, say-

velpuro metyvelebisTvis damaxasiaTebel daudevrobad miiCneven

da cdiloben, zusti terminologiiTa da formaluri gansazRvre-

bebiT SeebrZolon mas. magram, iqneb, metaforuli xatebi aqac nayo-

fierad moqmedebs Semecnebis procesze?..

58

vin icis, iqneb, metafora ukanaskneli makavSirebeli rgolia or

(snou), sam (lepanie) an, sulac, uTvalav (feierabendi) mecnierul ku-

lturas Soris? Tu es asea, igi maTi ingua franca yofila. am varauds

jerac adastureben keis msgavsi kritikosebi, TavianTi saazrovno

kliSeebis wyalobiT axal-axal saukeTeso metaforebs rom gvawvdi-

an, magaliTad: genomi `unda vikiTxoT ara imdenad rogorc instruq-

cia, ramdenadac — rogorc leqsi~. sxvaTa Soris, saamisod jer axli-

dan unda Camoyalibdes leqsis kiTxvis kultura.~

gerald hubmani, `metaforis aucileblobis Sesaxeb~, JurnalSi:

`Sepasuxebebi. Jurnali Semecnebis Sesaxeb disputisTvis~, # 7, ber-

lini, 2001.

lili e. kei, `vin dawera sicocxlis wigni: genetikuri kodis is-

toria~, stenfordi, 2000.

anglosaqsur literaturaSi gamokveTil tendenciasTan dakavSi-

rebiT ixileT agreTve: miqael freini, `kopenhageni~ (kvanturi fizi-

ka); martin emisi, `drois isari~ (kosmologia); margret drebeli,

`pilpilmoyrili farvana~ (genetika); filip pulmeni, `misi bneli ma-

teriebi~ (fizika); deivid loji, `fiqrobs...~ (kognitoruli mecnie-

reba). amasTan dakavSirebiT kritikosi jon lenCesteri SeniSnavs:

`ormocdaori weliwadi gavida mas mere, rac C. p. snoum daiCivla xe-

lovnebaTa da mecnierebaTa Soris blokadis Taobaze; dRes sul uf-

ro metad gveCveneba, rom saqme mecnierebasa da xelovnebas Soris

mzardi osmosis momswreni vxdebiT~. NYRB, niu iorki, 2001, #13.

59

nulovani media, anu ratom aris usagno

televiziis mimarT gamoTqmuli yovelgvari sayveduri

televizia aSterebs: am martiv Tezisamde dadis erTxmad am qveya-

naSi gavrcelebuli yvela mediaTeoria, ara aqvs mniSvneloba, ramde-

nad daxvewilad Tu uxeSad xdeba amis gamoyvana. rogorc wesi, diag-

nozi yovelTvis mwuxare ieriT cxaddeba. aq gamoiyofa oTxi sxvada-

sxva varianti.

manipulaciis Tezisi umiznebs im ideologiur ganzomilebas, ro-

melic mediebs miewereba. igi masSi xedavs, upirveles yovlisa, poli-

tikuri batonobis instruments da sakmaod sapatio asaksac moiTv-

lis. igi, tradiciulad, memarcxeneebis uZvelesi iaraRia, Tumca, me-

marjveneebis mxridanac siamovnebiT gamoiyeneba saWiroebis SemTx-

vevaSi. gaaCnia im Sinaarsebs, romlebic savaraudod gansazRvravs

didi mediebis programebs. maT kritikas safuZvlad udevs propagan-

disa da agitaciis Sesaxeb adreuli wlebidan gadmoyolili warmod-

genebi. media esmiT, rogorc iseTi indeferentuli WurWeli, romel-

ic Tavis azrebs gadmoafrqvevs xolme Tavze pasiur publikas. kri-

tikosis TvalsazrisiT, es mosazreba swori ar aris; maT unda Seqmnan

zemoqmedebis amgvari modelisTvis saWiro mcdari cnobiereba. ide-

ologiuri kritikis daxvewili meTodebi afarToeben am “dabriyve-

basTan kavSirs”, romlis drosac isini mowinaaRmdeges sul ufro da

ufro daxvewili da veraguli miznebiT aiaraReben. pirdapiri agita-

ciis adgils iWers Znelad gasaSifri cduneba; televiziis mesveure-

bi ise axerxeben kulisebidan gulubryvilo momxmareblis darwmune-

bas, rom igi verc ki xvdeba amas.

gayalbebis Tezisi, amis sapirispirod, axdens amis moralur ar-

gumentacias. maT TvalSi, mediebiT sargeblobas, pirvel rigSi, tra-

diciebTan dakavSirebuli safrTxeebi ukavSirdeba. vinc mas daemor-

60

Cileba, mieCveva TavaSvebulobas, upasuxismgeblobas, danaSauls da

Zaladobas. amis subieqturi Sedegi iqneba daClungebuli, gauxeSebu-

li da damyayebuli individi, obieqturi ki — socialuri Rirebule-

bebis moSla da sayovelTao moraluri degradacia. erTi SexedviTac

ki cxadia, rom mediis kritikis es forma, ZiriTadad, burJuaziuli

wyarodan ikvebeba. is motivebi, romlebic masSi kvlav da kvlav me-

ordeba, jer kidev me-18 saukunidan aris cnobili im amao gafrTxi-

lebebis saxiT, romlebsac uxvad gascemda kulturis maSindeli kri-

tika romanebis kiTxvasTan dakavSirebul safrTxeTa Sesaxeb.

SedarebiT axalia simulaciis Tezisi, romelic STagonebulia

erTi SemecnebiT-Teoriuli eWviT. isic imdenad aris ufro Tanamed-

rove, ramdenadac eTanxmeba mediaTa teqnikur ganviTarebas, maSasa-

dame, ukve seriozulad aRiqvams televiziis arsebobasac, rasac ver

vityodiT mis winamorbedebze. am Tezisis Tanaxmad, televizia mayu-

rebels arTmevs sinamdvilesa da fiqcias Soris gansxvavebis povnis

unars. maSasadame, pirveli realoba Secvala an Caanacvla meorem,

moCvenebiTma realobam. Tezisis es Sorsmimavali versia, romelic,

SemTxvevaTa Sesabamisad, pozitiuradac ki gvevlineba, am kavSirs yi-

raze ayenebs da amtkicebs, rom sinamdvilesa da simulacias Soris

gansxvaveba ukve uazroa arsebuli sazogadoebrivi kavSirebis piro-

bebSi.

yvela aqamde CamoTvlili Tezisi konvergirdeba meoTxeSi, daS-

terebis TezisSi, romelic myar anTropologiur gamonaTqvamad dam-

kvidrda. Tuki mas davujerebT, mediaTa Setevis obieqts warmoad-

gens momxmarebelTa ara marto kritikisa da gansxvavebadobis unari,

ara marto maTi moraluri da politikuri substancia, aramed — maTi

aRqmis unari da TviT fsiqologiuri identurobac ki. amis Sedegad,

Tuki mas amis saSualeba miecemaT, xdeba axali adamianis gamoyvana,

romlis warmodgena, Cveni survilisda mixedviT, zombadac SegviZlia

da mutantadac.

61

sinamdvileSi, yvela es Teoria TiTidan aris gamowovili, maT av-

torebs sruliad zedmetad miaCniaT damamtkicebeli sabuTebis mot-

ana. maT ar ainteresebT damajereblobis TviT yvelaze minimaluri

kriteriumic ki. magaliTad, jer aravis mouxerxebia, rom warmoedgi-

na Tundac erTi iseTi “televiziis monawile”, oRond ara fsiqiat-

riuli klinikis pacienti, romelic ver SesZlebda erTmaneTisgan ga-

nesxvavebina, sauzmis dros momxdari wakinklaveba satelevizio ser-

ialSi moxda Tu mis samzareuloSi. magram simulaciis Teoriis avto-

rebisTvis es, rogorc Cans, naklebad sainteresoa.

aseTive kuriozuli, magram Sedegis TvalsazrisiT, albaT, ufro

mZimea dasaxelebul TeoriaTa meore msgavseba. mediamomxmarebeli

maTSi, ZiriTadad, warmogvidgeba umweo msxverplad, organizato-

rebi ki - angarebian saqmosnebad. es opozicia arsebobas inarCunebs

sruli seriozulobiTa da mniSvnelovani safuZvlianobiT: erTman-

eTs upirispirdebian manipulatorebi da manipuliaciis msxverplni,

momtyueblebi da motyuebulebi, simulantebi da simulaciis obieq-

tebi, damStereblebi da daSterebulebi, da erTad qmnian mSvenier

simetrias.

rogorc Cans, am dros pasuxgaucemeli rCeba erTi kiTxva, kerZod,

romel mxareze unda vigulisxmoT esa Tu is Teoretikosi. pirveli

variantia, rom igi saerTod ar sargeblobs mediasaSualebebiT, maSin

man ar icis, raze laparakobs; an isic misi dartymis qveS aris, da ma-

Sin ismis kiTxva, Tu ra saswauliT daaRwia man Tavi mis gavlenas. ra-

dgan, yvela sxva danarCenisgan gansxvavebiT, igi moralurad sru-

liad uvneblad aris gadarCenili, sruliad damoukideblad asxvav-

ebs erTmaneTisgan iluzias da realobas da gaaCnia sruli imuniteti

im idiotobis winaaRmdeg, rasac ase mzrunvelad afiqsirebs sxvebTan

mimarTebaSi. an, iqneb (da es iqneboda am dilemis fataluri axsna), mi-

si Teoriebi sxva araferia, Tu ara am universaluri gamoSterebis

simptomebi?

62

rogorc ar unda iyos, SeuZlebelia imis mtkiceba, rom es Teore-

tikosebi mTlianad dausxltdnen xelidan maT zegavlenas. SeiZleba,

maTze yovelgvari translaciis gavlena SedarebiT viwro CarCoebSia

moqceuli, rac, ganwyobis mixedviT, samwuxarodac SeiZleba CaiTva-

los da madlierebiTac aRiniSnos, magram sadavo namdvilad ar aris.

amis sapirispirod, maT madlieri msmeneli hpoves e. w. mediapoliti-

kaSi. es arc aris gasakviri, radgan rwmena imisa, rom ““mTeli gare-

samyaro” idiotebiT aris savse”, miekuTvneba profesionali politi-

kosis ZiriTad aRkazmulobas. es gaukuRmarTebuli STabeWdileba

kidev ufro gvimyardeba xolme, roca vxedavT, gamocdili veterane-

biviT rogor eZiZgilavebian isini erTmaneTs Tu mediafunqcio-

nrebs yoveli saeTero wuTisTvis, da es — maSin, roca saqme exeba maTi

limuzinebis, sapatio yaraulis winaSe istoriuli gamosvlis, yvavi-

lebis fonze sakuTari varcxnilobis, pirvel rigSi ki sakuTari sa-

metyvelo aparatis demonstrirebas. rogori amaRelvebelia is gul-

modgineba, riTac xdeba saeTero wuTebis, kameris moZraobis, Jurna-

listebis mxridan mliqvnelobis xarisxis, damaTrobeli aplodism-

entebis sixSiris registracia! manipulaciis Zvelma, keTilma Tezis-

ma maT sabolood Tavbru daaxvia. amiT aixsneba gacxarebuli Sexla-

Semoxla am “bordebisa” Tu sameTvalyureo sabWoebis garSemo da

mwveli survili imisa, rom erTxel da samudamod moipovon kontro-

li mTeli qveynis masStabiT.

industria ar iziarebs arc am mgznebare miswrafebas da arc am

wyalwyala Teoriebs. misi mosazrebebi gamoirCeva asketuri gulci-

vobiT. is, erTi mxriv, trialebs sixSireebis, arxebis, normebis, kabe-

lebis, paraboluri antenebis, mimarTulebaTa diagramebis garSemo;

meore mxriv, dainteresebulia investiciebiT, qvotebiT, sareklamo

SemosavlebiT. am perspeqtividan marTlac siaxled SeiZleba CaiTva-

los axal mediasTan dakavSirebuli is faqti, rom arc erT mis or-

63

ganizators erTi mosazrebac ki ar gasCenia arasdros mis raimenair

SinaarsTan dakavSirebiT. dawvrilebiT da gacxarebiT ganixileba ma-

Ti qcevis yoveli sameurneo, teqnikuri, samarTlebrivi da administ-

raciuli aspeqti. mxolod erTi faqtori ar TamaSobs araviTar

rols industriis azrebsa da survilebSi: programa. debatebis Tema

yovelTvis aris, Tu vin ixdis da vin ijibavs fuls, rodis, sad, ro-

gor, visi daxmarebiT, magram arasdros — is, Tu ra unda gadaices. as-

eTi midgoma warmoudgeneli iqneboda adreuli mediisTvis.

mas SeeZlo gansakuTrebulad, diax, mamacuradac ki, warmoeCina

Tavi. miliardebi ixarjeba kosmosSi satelitebis gasatyorcnad,

mTeli evropa sakabelo qselSia gaxveuli; mimdinareobs “sakomuni-

kacio saSualebebis” umagaliTo aRWurva da am dros SekiTxvasac ki

aravin svams, Tu ra unda gadaices yovelive amis saSualebiT. am ga-

mocanis pasuxi xom isedac aSkaraa. industrias kargad exerxeba, rom

daeTanxmos sworedac rom umniSvnelovanes sazogadoebriv figuras

Tavis TamaSSi: “televiziis monawilis” figuras. swored igi iwvevs

ase energiulad, Tanac ara sakuTari survilis gareSe, iseT mdgoma-

reobas, romelsac mxolod uprogramoba SeiZleba ewodos. am mizan-

Tan ufro misaaxloeblad igi virtuozulad iyenebs dinstanciuri

marTvis yvela SesaZlo Rilaks.

klientebisa da mimwodeblebis am Sinagan alianss awi, albaT, aRa-

raferi eSveleba. gaborotebul kritikosTa umciresobas uWirs amg-

vari masobrivi Tanxmobis axsna, radgan es ewinaaRmdegeba mis TviT-

gagebas. ra moxdeba, Tuki umravlesobas eqneba Tavisi axsna, Tanac

iseTi, romelic iolad gamomdinareobs im idiotobisgan, rac mas mi-

ewereba? ra moxdeba, Tuki programebi marTlac aRar iqneba auci-

lebeli da Tuki TviT mediis cnebac sruliad usargeblo gaxdeba da

mxolod mistifikaciad darCeba? albaT, mainc Rirs, rom ufro Cave-

ZioT amgvar varaudebs.

64

media-mediumis cneba uZvelesi droidan modis; Tavidan amaSi igu-

lisxmeboda raRac Sualeduri, saSuamavlo, saSualeba; berZnul gra-

matikaSi es aris zmnis sakuTari gvari, romelic saWiroa “qmedebis

meSveobiT moqmedi subieqtis interesisa Tu misi monawileobis win

wamosawevad”; SemdgomSi ki, “spiritistul msoflmxedvelobaSi medi-

umi iyo is, vinc xels uwyobda sulebis urTierTobas cocxlebis sam-

yarosTan” (!). bolos, fizikuri TvalsazrisiT, mediumi aris haeris

magvari matarebeli, romelSic SeiZleba sinaTlisa Tu bgeris tal-

Rebis gadatana; aqedan ki gadatanil iqna sazogadoebriv komunika-

ciebze, maT erT-erT teqnikur saSualebaze, magaliTad, wignis beW-

dvaze.

programis cnebac orientirebulia dawerilobaze. sityva xom da-

sabamidan sxvas arafers niSnavs, Tu ara saCveneblad gamowerils, an

winaswar dawerils; es niSnavs “sakuTriv, sajaro, werilobiT gancxa-

debas, sajaro gamocxadebas, amJamad (1895) ki — gamocxadebisa Tu mo-

wvevis iseT sabuTs, romelic gaicema universitetebsa da sxva umaR-

les saswavleblebSi. sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi laparaki aris xol-

me romelime partiis, gazeTis, raime mizniT Seqmnili sazogadoebisa

Tu mTavrobis programaze, romelSic met-naklebad savaldebulo

formiT xdeba momavali saqmianobis ZiriTadi momentebis winaswar

gamocxadeba”.

Tu ras acxadeben amis sapirispirod televiziis mesveurebi, iki-

Txeba ase5: ”Budenzauber - mxiaruli wveuleba. Mini-Zi - mini sainforma-

cio gadacema R-ze, ei elei, Kuck elei. Du schon wieder - isev Sen da isev Sen

(8.). Wenn abends die Heide träumt - roca saRamoobiT udabno ocnebobs.

Almerisch g’suna und g’schpuit – Weltcup-Super G der Herren. Helmi. X-Large. Die

Goldene Eins. Betthupferl. sawolis TeTreuli. Bis die Falle zuschnappt. vid-

re xafangi daiwkapunebdes. Einfach tierisch. ubralod mxecuri. Wetten, 5 aq CamoTvlilia germaniis televiziaTa cnobili programebi da maTi

pirdapiri Targmani (mTargmn. SeniSvna)

65

dass...? modi niZlavi, rom... Es lebe die Liebe. gaumarjos sicocxles. Oh-

ne Krimi geht die Mimi nie ins Bett. deteqtivis gareSe mimi ar daiZinebs.

Just another pretty face. Tintifax und Max. Ich will, dass du mich liebst. minda, gi-

yvarde. Also ääährlich. Hulk(31). Musi mit Metty. Heute mit uns. dRes CvenTan

erTad. Hart wie Diamant. almasiviT magari. Am, dam, des. Barbapapa. Texas

Jack(12). Schau hin und gewinn. Sexede da iswavle. Superflio. Sie – er – es. Lie-

be international. siyvaruli internacionalurad. Hart aber herzlich. magari,

Tumca guliTadi. 1—2—X. Wer bietet mehr? vin SemogvTavazebs mets?“

axsnas aRar saWiroebs is, rom amgvari movlenebi ukve veRar aRiq-

meba imgvari anaqronistuli cnebebiT, rogoricaa “media”, an “prog-

rama”. axal mediaSi axali aris is faqti, rom igi aRar aris damokide-

buli programebze. Tavis WeSmarit daniSnulebas is asrulebs im do-

ziT, ra doziTac uaxlovdeba mediis nulovan mdgomareobas.

aRniSnuli tendencia, rogorc es am gadasaxedidan Cans, ucxo ar

iyo Zveli mediebisTvisac. arc wigns dauklia mcdeloba, gaTavisuf-

lebuliyo sul ufro da ufro momabezrebeli Sinaarsisgan. pirveli

warmateba am mZime gzaze mopovebul iqna trivialur romanSi. Semde-

gi mijnebi aiRo bulvarulma presam, “bloknotis literaturam” da

ilustrirebulma. triumfaluri rekordi, romelic beWdviT indus-

triaSi dRemde gadaulaxavi rCeba da wera-kiTxvis ucodinarTa sao-

cnebo zRvars uaxlovdeba, ekuTvnis suraTebian gazeTebs.

gadamwyveti progresi mainc eleqtronulma mediam moitana. ker-

Zod, aRmoCnda, rom nabeWdi nulovani mediis Seqmnis gzaze uamravi

dabrkoleba arsebobs. visac yovelgvari mniSvnelobisgan werilobis

gaTavisufleba unda, man unda mimarTos eqstremalur zomebs. avan-

gardis (dada, letrizmi, vizualuri poezia) gmirulma SemoTavaze-

bebma ver hpoves gamoZaxili industriaSi. es, albaT, imis gamo moxda,

rom nulovani kiTxvis idea Tavis TavSi moicavs winaaRmdegobas. mki-

Txvels, Tanac yovel mkiTxvels, gaaCnia fataluri moTxovnileba

66

Sesabamisobebis dadgenisa da TviT yvelaze amRvreul asoTa narev-

Sic ki raime iseTis amoqeqvisa, rac azrTan iqneba miaxloebuli.

iseTi SedarebiT axalgazrda mediisgan, rogoric aris radio, Se-

iZleba velodoT ufro naklebs, es ki am konteqstSi niSnavs ufro

mets. emansipaciam xom werilobidan axali perspeqtivebi mainc gaaC-

ina. Tumca praqtikaSi aRmoCnda, rom radioSi bevrs kiTxuloben xma-

maRla. magram iqac ki, sadac Tavisufali metyveleba ikvlevda gzas,

kerZod - dialogsa da diskusiebSi, zogjer yovlad uazro qaqanSic

ki sityvebs mainc mohqondaT iseTi ram, rac mniSvnelobasTan iyo ax-

los. rogorc cnobilia, Zalian Znelia da moiTxovs varjiSsa Tu ko-

ncentracias, rodesac didi xnis ganmavlobaSi adgen iseT absolu-

turad uazro winadadebebs, romlebic ar emorCileba aranair axsnas,

ranairadac ar unda miudge maT. es aris Tavad ena, romelic qmnis mi-

nimaluri programis msgavs rames. am xelisSemSleli faqtoris Tavi-

dan mosaSoreblad SedarebiT axalma Taobebma, romlebic ukve didi

xania radioSi muSaoben, Tanmimdevrulad Seamcires sityvebis gada-

cema. Tumca, bavSvuri titinis msgavsi ram jer mainc aris darCenili:

yovel SemTxvevaSi, kerpebisa Tu samarko niSnebis dasaxelebayvela

SemTxvevaSi unda gaityorcnos eTerSi regularuli sixSiriT, esec

mxolod - ekonomikuri mosazrebis gamo.

mxolod da mxolod vizio-teqnikas, upirveles yovlisa ki tele-

vizias, SeuZlia Camoixsnas enis tvirTi da gaanadguros is yvela-

feri, rac erT dros programa, mniSvneloba, “Sinaarsi” iyo. nulova-

ni mediis jer kidev ganuWvretel SesaZleblobaTa mtkicebulebas

erTi ubralo eqsperimenti warmoaCens. davsvaT eqvsi Tvis bavSvi Ca-

rTul televizorTan. Cvilis tvinis fiziologiuri mdgomareoba

jer kidev ar iZleva imis SesaZleblobas, rom man erTmaneTisgan ga-

arCios suraTebi da moaxdinos maTi dekodireba, amitom ar SeiZleba

daisvas kiTxva maTi “mniSvnelobis” Sesaxeb. imis miuxedavad, Tu ra

xdeba ekranze, es Wreli, moelvare, mbrwyinavi laqebi uSecdomod da

67

uwyvetad iwvevs mis Sinagan, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, avxorcul dainte-

resebas. bavSvis aRqmis aparati saocrad dakavebulia. zemoqmedeba

hipnozuria. SeuZlebelia imis Tqma, Tu ra xdeba masSi, magram Cvilis

Tvalebi, romlebSic televizoris ekrani irekleba, iseTi gataceb-

ul, TavisTavSi CaRrmavebul gamometyvelebas iRebs, rom cduneba

gipyrobs, bednieradac ki Seracxo.

filantrops ar mouwevs bevri brZola sakuTar TavTan saimisod,

rom cdunebis amgvari mcdeloba barbarosul Tavxedobad ar monaT-

los. man ara mxolod is unda gaiazros, rom es eqsperimenti milion-

jer ufro rutinulia, vidre - yoveldRiuroba; Tumca, igi mainc

kargs izamda, Tuki sakuTar Tavs imasac SeekiTxeboda, Tu ramdenad

exeba misi Sefaseba im kulturas, risi fasic man, albaT, icis. Taname-

drove xelovnebis pirvelmkvlevTa gmiruli warmatebebis gareSe

nulovani media warmoudgeneli iqneboda. is feradi laqebi da kon-

figuraciebi, romlebmac ase miipyres Cveni eqvsi Tvis asakis sacde-

li obieqtis mzera, SemTxveviT abstraqtul mxatvrobas xom ar waa-

gavs? dawyebuli kandinskidan - action painting-mde, konstruqtivizmi-

dan - pop-artis da kompiuteruli grafikis siRmeebamde, mxatvrebma

gaakeTes yvelaferi, rac ki SeeZloT, raTa “Sinaarsisgan” gaewmindaT

TavianTi nawarmoebebi. ramdenadac es minimalizacia warmatebiT gam-

ouvidaT, amitomac samarTlianad iTvlebian nulovani mediis gzam-

kvlevebad. gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa es roli videoxelovnebaSi,

romlis saukeTeso produqciaSi ukve sruliad SeuZlebelia raRac-

is amocnoba.

bunebrivia, am xelovnebaTa avtorebi da apologetebi Sors arian

im azrisgan, rom Tavi industriis Tanamonawiled miiCnion. TavianTi

statusisa da Rirebulebis gansamtkiceblad maT gamoimuSaves saku-

Tari “filosofia”, romelic ufro metad Samanur Selocvebs emyare-

ba, vidre argumentebs da romlisac albaT mxolod TviTon sjeraT.

es dagvianebuli avangardi jiutad inarCunebs umciresobas da ar

68

unda gaacnobieros, rom man ukve didi xania daipyro masobrivi pub-

lika nulovani mediis saxiT.

sxvaTa Soris, srulyofilebisadmi swrafva yovelTvis mtanjve-

li da xangrZlivi procesia. es exeba televiziasac. saqmes isic arTu-

lebs, rom nulovani media iZulebulia, Tavi daimkvidros patara, ma-

gram gavlenian umciresobaTa winaSe, romlebic imisken arian momar-

Tulni, rom daicvan istoriuli narCenebi an — ukve sasurvelad qce-

uli momavlis imedebi. erTi mxriv, partiis politikiT dainterese-

bulebi Tu media-funqcionrebi TavgamodebiT ebRauWebian imis rw-

menas, rom maT SeuZliaT televiziis Cabma sakuTari poziciebis sta-

bilizaciis procesSi; meore mxriv, ar igrZnoba im pedagogTa da kri-

tikulad ganwyobil TeoretikosTa nakleboba, romlebic eleqtro-

nul mediebSi mudmivad grZnoben imgvari nayofieri Zalebis arseb-

obas, romlebsac mxolod saSualeba unda mieces, rom daiwyon gauT-

valiswinebeli sazogadoebriv-saswavlo procesebi (friad sasixar-

ulo cnobaa, romlis awyobac SeiZleba romelime Zveli media-“kon-

struqtorisgan”).

am warmodgenaTa garSemo, droTa ganmavlobaSi, Camoyalibda mtr-

ulad ganwyobil saZmoTa uaRresad Taviseburi koalicia, romelTac

mxolod erTi ram aqvT saerTo, kerZod is, rasac programa-iluzia

SeiZleba ewodos.

germaniis federaciul respublikaSi am iluzias kanonis saxec ki

aqvs miRebuli; igi dafiqsirebulia saxelmwifo xelSekrulebebSi,

SeTanxmebebSi, radiokanonebSi, wesdebebsa da samarTlebriv direq-

tivebSi, Tanac, rogorc Cans, yoveli pasuxismgebeli piri didis am-

biT icavs mas. gadacemebi, Turme, rogorc iq weria, “gamsWvaluli un-

da iyos demokratiuli suliskveTebiTa da konstituciisadmi erT-

gulebiT..., kulturuli pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT da obieqturo-

bis surviliT. maTi muSaoba unda emsaxurebodes Tavisuflebas, sam-

arTlianobasa da WeSmaritebas”, “unda mouwodebdes mSvidobisa da

69

socialuri samarTlianobisken”, “unda emsaxurebodes Tavisufal da

mSvidobian pirobebSi germaniis xelaxal gaerTianebas da xalxTa ur-

TierTgagebas”. sxva raRa grCeba sasowarkveTils, Tavze Tu ar waiv-

le xelebi! Souebisa da fsiqo-trilerebis, klipebisa da sareklamo

rgolebis Semqmnelebma, Turme, ara marto “ganaTleba, swavleba da

garToba” unda SesTavazon mayurebels, aramed — “adamianuroba da

obieqturoba”, “informaciuli mravalferovneba”, “vrceli da miuke-

rZoebeli informaciis miwodeba” da, ra Tqma unda, rogorc yovelT-

vis, farTo “kulturuli asortimenti”.

kanonSemoqmedTa es fantastikuri gegmiuri davaleba ukavSirde-

ba am dawesebulebaTa daarsebis istorias. is saTaves iRebs im droSi,

roca jer kidev SeuZlebeli iyo imis ganWvreta, Tu ra SeeZlo srul-

yofilad ganviTarebul nulovan medias”. “programis Semdgenlebi,

romlebic met-naklebi mondomebiT asruleben winaparTagan datove-

bul “davalebas”, uaRresad melanqoliur sanaxaobas warmoadgenen.

saStato erTeuli maTTvis aris is dakarguli Tanamdeboba, romli-

danac isini ibrZvian televiziisTvis, rogorc pedagogiuri provin-

ciisTvis.

programis iluzia martoden iuridiul Tu instituciur mizez-

Ta damsaxureba rodia; igi pirdapir eyrdnoba mediaTa filogene-

ziss. maT evoluciaSi Zalian fasobs aseTi fraza, rom yoveli axali

media jer Zvelze unda iyos orientirebuli, sanam sakuTar SesaZle-

blobebs aRmoaCendes da, garkveulwilad, TviTdadgindebodes. es

distanciuri damtverva televiziebSic SeimCneva. Znelad amosaZirk-

via is warmodgenebi, TiTqos es imisTvis keTdeba, rom moxdes forme-

bisa da Sinaarsebis, anu “programebis” transportireba ise, rogorc

amas adreuli mediebi akeTebdnen. teqnikurad es araviTar SemTxvev-

aSi gamoricxuli ar aris. SeuZleblobis sagans xom ar warmoadgens,

magaliTad, is, rom Cais kovziT SesaZlebelia Senobis saZirkvlis am-

oTxra, an teletaipis saSualebiT bibliis gadacema; SeiZleba, mxo-

70

lod is, rom Cais kovzebisa da teletaipebis daniSnuleba ar Tavs-

deba amgvar RonisZiebebSi.

evoluciuri kvercxis is naWuWebi, romlebsac televizia Tan mia-

fxokialebs, gansakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia im reliqviebSi, romleb-

ic uxsovari droidan aris damkvidrebuli gadacemaTa badeSi. ase um-

iznod, moCvenebebiviT, dafarfateben iseTi gaucxoebuli formebi,

rogoricaa qadageba, opera, kameruli koncerti, sazogadoebrivi

komedia, mokle komentari nulovan mediaSi anu iq, sadac maT araferi

esaqmebaT. konservireba xdeba, agreTve, iseTi radioformebisa, rog-

orebic aris sainformacio biuleteni, diskusia da radiopiesa, rom-

elTa drosac kameris daswreba zedmet fufunebad aris miCneuli.

televiziis zogierTi veterani, romelmac ver amoicno drois ni-

Sani, kvlav im warmodgenaTa tyveobaSi imyofeba, rom maT SeiZleba

xelidan dausxlteT masala. im ideis akviatebas, rom saWiroa gada-

ices rame da ara is, rom araferi ar unda gadaices, isini mihyavs Zvel

mediaTa kanibalizaciamde. amas Sedegad mohyveba, pirvel rigSi, im

mediis ganadgureba, romlis Sesaxebac ginda gjerodes, rom igi aris

televiziis monaTesave, kerZod, laparakia filmze. bunebrivia, mal-

eve gairkva, rom aq saqme gvaqvs aRrevasTan. kinos esTetikuri momxi-

bvleloba televizoris ekranze ar narCundeba. igi nadgurdeba sasa-

cilo formatiT, sareklamo wyvetebiT da indiferentuli, gauTave-

beli gameorebebiT; amas agvirgvinebs mayureblis saidumlo iaraRi —

gadasarTveli pulti.

da, saerTodac, es mayurebeli! man zustad icis, Tu rasTan aqvs

saqme. igi daculia yovelgvari programa-iluzionisgan. kanonmdeb-

elTa direqtivebi sapnis buStebiviT skdeba mis praqtikaSi. Sors ar-

is ra imisgan, rom ufleba misces vinmes, sakuTar Tavze Caatarebinos

raime saxis manipulacia (rogoric aris aRzrda, informireba, ganvi-

Tareba, axsna, gafrTxileba), igi Tavad axdens mediis manipulirebas

71

sakuTari survilis Sesabamisad. imas, rac mis survilebs ar Seesaba-

meba, Rilakze TiTis daWeris meSveobiT miesjeba xolme sicocxlis

aRkveTa, xolo is, vinc mis yvela survils asrulebs, jildovdeba Se-

saniSnavi qvotebiT. mayurebeli mSvenivrad acnobierebs, rom mas saq-

me aqvs ara sakomunikacio saSualebasTan, aramed komunikaciis uar-

yofis saSualebasTan, da es misi uryevi rwmenaa. swored is, rasac nu-

lovan medias naklad uTvlian, aniWebs mas mayureblis TvalSi waruS-

lel xibls.

ase aixsneba televiziis kidev erTi Taviseburebac, rac nebismier

sxva SemTxvevaSi amoucnobi iqneboda, kerZod — misi transkulturu-

li areali. erTi da igive seriali, erTi da igive klipi, erTi da igive

Sou, miuxedavad sazogadoebrivi Sexedulebebisa, erTnairi mizidu-

lobis ZaliT sargeblobs rogorc ludenSaidSi, aseve — honkgongsa

Tu mogadiSuSi. SeuZlebelia, romelime Sinaarsi konteqstidan ase-

Ti damoukidebeli, Tanac aseTi TvalismomWreli da universaluri

iyos.

maSasadame, nulovan mdgomareobaSi yofna televiziis sisuste ki

ara, misi siZlierea. amiT igi qmnis Tavis samomxmareblo Rirebule-

bas. televizors rTaven imisTvis, rom TviTon gaiTiSon. (swored am-

is gamo aris, sxvaTa Soris, absoluturad morgebuli televiziaze

is, rasac politikosebi politikas eZaxian. rodesac romelime saco-

davi ministri fiqrobs, rom mayurebelTa mosazrebebsa da qmedebeb-

ze axdens gavlenas, am dros misi wyal-wyala gamonaTqvamebis meSveo-

biT kmayofildeba mayurebelTa moTxovnileba, rom Tavi aaridon

yovelgvar mniSvnelobas).

amis sapirispirod, xandaxan, iseTi raRaceebic gvxvdeba, rogo-

ric aris, magaliTad, xarvezi. es maSin, Tuki gadacemaTa erTferovan

mdinarebaSi uecrad Tavs amoyofs raRac iseTi, rac Soreulad mainc

waagavs Sinaarss Tu namdvil informacias, an — rame iseTi argumenti,

rac mayurebels mis garemomcvel samyaros gaaxsenebs. igi maSinve wa-

72

mojdeba, Tvalebs moifSvnets, xasiaTi ufuWdeba da gadasarTvel

pults ecema xolme.

bolos da bolos, televiziis es uaRresad mizanmimarTuli gamo-

yeneba namdvilad imsaxurebs Cvens yuradRebas. televizia, ZiriTa-

dad, gamoiyeneba rogorc tvinebis gamorecxvis meTodi, oRond — sa-

siamovno; igi emsaxureba individualur higienas, TviTmwamlobas.

nulovani media aris fsiqoTerapiis erT-erTi universaluri da mas-

obrivad gavrcelebuli forma. amdenad, absurdia, kiTxvis niSnis

qveS misi sazogadoebrivi saWiroebis dayeneba. visac Tavidan misi

moSoreba unda, jer is alternativebi unda moiniSnos, romlebic, sa-

varaudod, mis gankargulebaSia. pirvel rigSi, aq unda vifiqroT ga-

narkomanebul momxmarebelze, romelic moixmars yvelafers, saZile

abebidan kokainamde, alkoholidan - beta-preparatebamde, trankvi-

lizatorebidan - heroinamde. qimiis nacvlad televiziis SeTavazeba

namdvilad ufro elegantur gadawyvetilebad unda CaiTvalos. ro-

ca socialur xarjebsa Tu e. w. gverdiT movlenebze fiqrob, unda

aRiaro, rom nulovani mediis momxmarebelma, albaT, mainc brZnuli

arCevani gaakeTa — miT umetes, roca saqme exeba mis xelT arsebul is-

eT SesaZleblobebs, rogoric aris manqanomania, Zaladoba, fsiqozi,

siSmage da TviTmkvleloba.

visTvisac amgvari argumentacia ex negativo pirquSia, misTvis gamo-

savali yovelTvis moiZebneba. man mzera usiamovno faqtebidan ufro

maRal materiebze unda gadaitanos da rCevisTvis mimarTos kacob-

riobisTvis odesRac esoden sayvarel, uZveles sibrZneebs. rodesac

Cveni TviTkoncentracia Tavis maqsimums miaRwevs da es daubrkol-

eblad moxdeba nebismieri ezoTeruli bloknotis meSveobiT, maSin

is aRar gamoirCeva sxvebisgan Tavisi sulieri gaucxoebiT, piriqiT —

TviT yvelaze eqstremaluri garTobac ki xSirad hipnozur TviTCa-

RrmavebaSi mkveTri gadasvliT mTavrdeba. am TvalsazrisiT, Tval-

ebze afarebuli bambis fTila axlos dgas transcendentur medita-

73

ciasTan. aseve, Tavisuflad aixsneba is kvazi-religiuri mowiweba,

romliTac sargeblobs nulovani media: igi mayurebels teqnikis me-

SveobiT nirvanas uaxloebs. televizori namdvili budisturi manqa-

naa.

vaRiarebT, rom aq saqme exeba iseT utopiur proeqts, romelsac,

rogorc yvela sxva utopias, ganxorcieleba ar uweria. is, rac dasaS-

vebia ToTo asakis bavSvisTvis, kerZod — sruli Tavdaviwyeba, uaRre-

sad rTuli misaRwevia mozrdili adamianisTvis. igi xom gadaCveulia

Tavisi aRqmis aparatis ise amuSavebas, rom interpretacias ar dauq-

vemdebaros is, rasac igi dainaxavs. unda Tu ar unda, igi sul cdil-

obs, rom iqac ki raime azri aRmoaCinos, sadac misi natamali ar aris.

mniSvnelobaze es Zalauneburi fokusireba xelisSemSlelad moqme-

debs nulovani mediiT sargeblobis dros. orWoful situaciaSi Sem-

iZlia yovelTvis vamtkico, rom marTla zombi ar var da rame xom un-

da iyos imaSi, rasac vuyureb, rame konkretuli, Tundac erTi bewo

Sinaarsiis msgavsi. amitomac aris gardauvali, rom TviT yvelaze ga-

varjiSebuli mayurebelic ki xandaxan mainc moxvdes amgvari misti-

fikaciis tyveobaSi.

amrigad, SeuZlebelia idealuri mdgomareobis miRweva. SeiZleba

miuaxlovde srulyofil sicarieles, anu absoluturad nulovan we-

rtils. es siZnele yvela mistikosisTvis nacnobia: meditacias ar Se-

vyavarT nirvanaSi, CaRrmaveba yvela SemTxvevaSi gamogvdis punqtua-

luri, magram ar aris saboloo, mcire sikvdili ar gadadis didSi. mi-

nimaluri signali mainc yovelTvis modulirebs, es aris realobis

Sriali, „sufTa usagnobis gamocdileba“ (kazimir maleviCi).

faqtia, rom ukanaskneli aTwleulebis gamocdileba mainc uaRre-

sad mniSvnelovania, da es — miuxedavad imisa, rom televiziis ekrani

verasdros miuaxlovdeba Tavis diad magaliTs, 1915 wlis droindel

im Sav kvadrats, romelTan SedarebiT nulovani mediis yvela gada-

cema absoluturad fuWia.

74

volf lepeniesi

mrisxanebas yavli gasdis, ironia ki ukvdavia

qebaTa-qeba hans magnus encensbergers

startze igi erTob daZabuli da, cota ar iyos, Ronemixdili Cans.

Sinaganad ukve caxcaxebs, startis nomers ejajgureba da Tan mais-

urs isworebs; mere ukanasknelad daxedavs majis saaTs da gonebaSi

erTxel kidev gadaavlebs Tvals drois grafiks; da, ai, Sejibric iw-

yeba. danarCeni morbenlebi mas yuradRebas ar aqceven, magram es kaci

umal moeqceva sarbeni bilikis TavSi; erTia, rom es aravis ar aRel-

vebs, radgan aseTia SeTanxmeba. profesiul Jargonze mas “kurdR-

els” eZaxian. mZleosnobaSi msoflio rekordebs mis gareSe ukve ve-

Raravin daamyarebs. ai, “kurdRelma” temps umata. ra saSinelebaa!

“netav, rogor gauZlebs amas?” - amboben adamianebi, romlebic mas ar

icnoben. saqmeSi Caxedulebi ki mSvidad arian da amboben: “nu gaviwy-

debaT, rom kurdRelTan gaqvT saqme! axla igi temps moumatebs da ma-

le bilikidan gadava”. da marTlac ase xdeba. rodesac finiSamde ori

Tu sami wre rCeba, “kurdRels” saqme ukve moTavebuli aqvs da sabre-

ni bilikidan gadadis. mis kvaldakval favoritebi agrZeleben rbol-

as, da, Tu yvelaferma kargad Caiara, msoflio rekordi damyarebuli

iqneba. “kurdReli” ki am dros Sxapis misaRebad mieSureba.

magram yovelTvis ase rodi xdeba!

erTxelac sruliad gauTvaliswinebel ambavs SeveswariT. “kurd-

Relma” temps rom umata, vinc mas ar icnobda, Tqva: “ra saSinelebaa,

amas verafriT gauZlebs!-o”; saqmeSi Caxedulebma ki Tqves: “nu gavi-

wydebaT, rom kurdRelTan gaqvT saqme; ai, axla temps moumatebs, me-

re ki male bilikidan gadava”-o; mere ludic moatanines da smas Seu-

dgnen. magram “kurdReli” bilikidan ar gadasula, igi bilikze dar-

Ca; Tqven warmoidgineT, kidev ufro umata temps da yvela ukan Camoi-

75

tova. ase da amrigad, danarCeni favoritebi pirSi Calagamovlebuli

darCnen, is ki am dros Sxapis qveS idga da msoflio rekordi ganaR-

debuli hqonda.

Rriankali

hans magnus encensbergeri 1929 wlis 11 noembers, kaufboirenSi,

SvabeTis administraciuli olqis, algois, erT-erT dasaxlebaSi da-

ibada. misi zodiaqo Rriankalia, da sadac ki gamoCndeba, yvelas samu-

damod amaxsovrebinebs Tavs.

ocdaxuTi wlis win, axali inglisis Statis erT-erTi kvleviTi

institutidan mowveva miviRe. erTxans didi siamaye dameufla, mag-

ram es grZnoba didxans ar gamyolia. “oho, Tqven halstuxs atar-

ebT?!”, — aseTi misalmebiT Semxvdnen iq, — “is ki mudam sakinZegadaRe-

Rili daiareboda!” vusmendi da warmodgena ar mqonda, vize iyo lapa-

raki; mere mkiTxes: “aba, Tqven raze inebebdiT saubars?”, da iqve das-

Zines: “hm, mas xom SekiTxvebis dasma saerTod zedmetad miaCnda”. me-

re yovel cismare dRes, isev da isev igive rom ganmeorda, CemTvis es

instituti melanqoliuri produqciis mwarmoebel samkervalo saxe-

losnod gadaiqca, sadac yvela adamians im sazomiT zomavdnen, erT-

xel rom ukve gamoeyenebinaT mavani cnobili adamianisTvis zomis as-

aRebad; Tanac am dros yvelaze metad is swyindaT, rom mexsierebidan

ver amoeSalaT kaci, romelsac yovelgvar privilegiebze uari gane-

cxadebina, ganrisxebuls mietovebina iqauroba, isini ki mas isev qeba-

didebiT moixseniebdnen. diax, axla ukve “mfrinav robertad” qceu-

li hans magnusi, kvlavac aRimarTeboda xolme haerSi da Tavxedurad

axdenda sakuTari gauCinarebiT gamowveuli sensaciis demonstrire-

bas, magram amasTan mudam rCeboda im saqmeebisa da adamianebis sazom-

ad, aq mis Semdeg rom Camodiodnen, an, Tundac, ar Camodiodnen.

76

rogor ggoniaT, ra moimoqmeda imanuel kantma, rodesac saxlid-

an gaagdo Tavisi didi xnis msaxuri lampe, romelTanac gamudmebiT

Cxubi da davidaraba hqonda? ra da, filosofosma maSin garkveviT Ca-

iwera ubis wignakSi: “lampes gvari amieridan samudamod daviwyebas

unda mieces”. mere ki is moxda, rom man amiT lampes saxeli ukvdavhyo.

swored igive daemarTaT vesleienis universitetis kolegebs, rode-

sac 1967 wels hans magnus encensbergeri TavisTan miiwvies; magram am

ukanasknelma male aurzauri atexa da ganrisxebulma kubas miaSura.

da, miuxedavad imisa, rom institutSi misi xseneba ar undodaT, aTi

Tvis Semdegac isev da isev laparakobdnen masze. albaT, gaxsovT, sa-

frangeTis erovnul krebaze rogor Seuracxyofilad igrZno Tavi

meamboxe generalma bulanJem, rodesac mas mTavrobis meTaurma

flokem pirSi miaxala: “batono Cemo! Tqvens asakSi napoleoni ukve

mkvdari iyo”. hoda, mec aseve Semelaxa Rirsebis grZnoba, rodesac

centris direqtorma, romelsac gatacebiT vuyvebodi Cems “work in

progress”-ze, cota ar iyos dabneuli saxiT, Tumca ki civi Tavaziano-

biT, momigo: “keTili, keTili, magram imxanad batoni encensbergeri

ukve wasuli iyo aqedan!”

ra Tqma unda, saRi gansjis TvalsazrisiT, upriani iqneboda, Sev-

kamaTebodi mas, magram ase ar movqceulvar, da Cveni saubari isev da

isev am kacis qeba-didebiT dasrulda.

l i b e r o

axla getyviT, ra saerTo aqvs encensbergers bekenbauerTan: man

burTi sakuTar karSic rom gaitanos, es faqti istorias aucileb-

lad SemorCeba, rogorc genialurad Cawodebuli dartyma. swored

didma francma mimaniSna im erTaderT naRd sityvaze, romelic savse-

biT zustad gamoxatavs hans magnusis mniSvnelobas federaciuli

respublikis sulier cxovrebaSi. diax, es kaci inteleqtualuri sam-

77

yaros liberoa. sulierebis sferoSi germanias hyavs: STambeWdavi

mcvelebi da gonieri garemarbebi; saxelovani, mamaci gverdiTi da

centraluri Tavdamsxmelebi; frTxili kombinaciebis ostatebi da

pativmoyvare saTadarigo moTamaSeebi, romelTa wyalobiTac cent-

ralur moedanze isev da isev Cveuli Sexla-Semoxlis mowmeni vxdeb-

iT; magram maT Soris erTaderTi libero gvyavs da es hans magnus en-

censbergeria.

diax, igi libero da is erovnuli poetia, nebismier manZils rom

gadalaxavs, gauswrebs fexdafex dadevnebul metoqes da win gaiWre-

ba. filosofiuri gagebiT, “libero” xom “Tavisufal kacs” niSnavs!

hans magnus encesbergerma ki “Tavisufali kacis” saxeli Tavisi

cnobismoyvareobis gamo daimkvidra. keisrisa da ciceronis droid-

an moyolebuli, “rerum novorum cupidus”-i arc Tu kargi saxeliT sarge-

blobs, Tumca, siaxlisadmi encensbergeris ltolva gasaocari da

gadamdebia. amasTan, igi gabeduli avtoric aris, ise, rom zog SemTx-

vevaSi mis sazogadoebaSi yofna saxifaToc kia; TamaS-TamaS sCvevia

wera, magram sakuTar TavSi uamravi siZnelis gadalaxva uxdeba. ase

rom ar iyos, gana odesme xels mokidebda iseT saxifaTo Janrs, rogo-

ric sabavSvo literaturaa?

amasTan, encensbergeri yovelTvis swrafia, Tanac Zalian swrafi.

“aba, amas didxans rogor gauZlebs?”-o — amas is adamianebi amboben,

romlebic mas ar icnoben.

tarosis mauwyebeli

safrangeTSi, ai, ukve karga xania, arsebobs “Dictionnaire des Girouet-

tes” anu leqsikoni, romelSic tarosis mauwyebeli adamianebis saxel-

ebia Setanili. aq SegiZliaT ixiloT sistemurad da uaxlesi prince-

pebiT Sedgenili nusxa im istoriuli Tu Tanamedrove adamianebisa,

romlebic gumaniT grZnobdnen, saiT uberavda maTi droebis qari.

78

maT saTaveSi erTpirovnulad taleirani udgaT. hans magnus encens-

bergeris saxelis Setana am leqsikonSi misma ramdenime kolegam ad-

reve daapira. magram erT maTgans encensbergeris daudgromeli xasi-

aTi aRizianebda; meore kolega Cioda, h. m.-s sakuTari Tavis meti ar-

avin swams da es aris misi erTaderTi Zlieri mxareo; mesame ki, saer-

Tod, misi ndobis sakiTxs ayenebda eWvqveS da 47-ianelTa jgufSi mas-

Tan Sexvedras ase aRwerda: “hans magnus encensbergeri erT adgilze

ver Cerdeba”.

am faqtis uaryofa ar SeiZleba, radgan haines premiis laureate-

isTvis marTlac araferia imaze saZulveli, rodesac mas yoveli

mxridan uyeneben moTxovnas, xasiaTis simtkice da uryeoba unda ga-

moiCinoo. arada, encensbergers aSinebs principebisadmi erTguleba,

radgan Rrmad swams, rom yovelgvari saqme yalbdeba misi bolomde

gaazrebis SemTxvevaSi; swored amis gamo Cayuryumalavdeba xolme

igi uwyinari doqtrinebisa da droebiTi moZRvrebebis morevSi, xo-

lo mis mierve wamoWril, saxifaTo sakiTxebze zusti da Tan uSfoT-

veli pasuxi aqvs: “amaSi Tavadac ver verkvevi ase zustad!”-o. encens-

bergeri Seaqebs areul-dareulobas, moswons SfoTi da mRelvareba,

xotbas Seasxams umarTav mdgomareobas da erTguli rCeba Teodor v.

adornosi da herbert veenerisa, romlebic Teoriasa da praqtikas

Soris gaCenil ufskruls civilizaciis progresad aRiqvamen.

diax, h. m.-Si aris raRac makiaveliseuli; man xom nikoloSi adreve

Seicno Tavisi xuTasi wlis Zma! problemas mxolod is qmnis, rom mas-

obrivi demokratiis pirobebSi aRar moiZebneba ufliswuli, romel-

ic gulisyurs miapyrobda Tanamedrove makiavelis. ase da amrigad,

encensbergeri smenadakargul yurebs uqadagebs, rodesac cdilobs,

yoveli Cvenganis yuradReba imas miapyros, rom mudmiv uazrobas yo-

velTvis dasabuTebulad cvalebadi azrebi unda vamjobinoT. 1851

wlis maisSi haine marqs swerda: “imdeni ram gadavitane, rom, marTali

giTxraT, ukve aRar vici, ras niSnavs progresi da regresi”-o. da-

79

sabuTebuli arcodnis amgvari gancda arc hans magnus encensberger-

isTvis aris ucxo. mis erT-erT wigns “zigzagi” hqvia da swored es ar-

is misi Sromebis laitmotivi.

aq ki ukve qronologia dagvexmareba, raTa gauvnebelyofili iqn-

as sayveduri misi orWofuli simamacis mimarT. ai, Tundac Semdegi

gamonaTqvamebi inebeT: “SemiZlia vTqva, rom memarcxeneobis moral-

ur principebTan araferi makavSirebs, radgan idealisti ar var.

rwmenis dacvas yovelTvis argumentebis motanas vamjobineb. eWvebis

gamoTqma ufro miyvars, vidre - sentimentebis. mZuls revoluciuri

layboba da arafrad mWirdeba arawinaaRmdegobrivi samyaroseuli

suraTebi. daeWvebis SemTxvevaSi saqmes realoba gadawyvets xolme”.

gana, es Zlieri argumenti ar aris? mereda, nuTu axla amas is avtori

wers, romlis mSfoTvare leqsebic agrerigad aRafrTovanebda 1968

wlis meamboxeebs? nuTu, SeiZleba uecrad ase cinikurad warmoaCi-

nos sakuTari Tavi poetma, romelmac xelaxla SesZina paTosi poli-

tikur lirikas? ara, am kacis seriozulad aRqma aramc da aramc aRar

SeiZleba! rao, simSvideo? encensbergeris citirebuli teqsti zaf-

xulSi ki ar Seqmnila, igi 1966 wlis martis dasawyisSi germaniaSi mo-

mxdari ukanaskneli amboxiT TariRdeba.

encensbergeri Tavis “titanikis daRupvaSi” epikur retrospeqt-

rul mzeras sakuTar Tavs miapyrobs da wers: “imxanad ufro axalga-

zrda viyavi, magram sificxis gamo feri dakarguli mqonda da Tavis

droze Cems mier dawerili yoveli sityvis mjeroda”. mis sayvarel

teqstebs bertold brextiseuli “koineris istoriac” unda mivaku-

TvnoT; am teqstSi viRac kaci didi xnis unaxav baton k.-s miesalmeba

da eubneba: “sruliad ar SecvlilxarT!” batoni k. fers kargavs da

miugebs: “ra kargia, rom Cvens qveyanaSi, sadac cudi guneba-ganwyoba

politkoreqtulobad iTvleba, xolo TavSekaveba ukve Wkuis gamov-

linebas niSnavs, im poetsa da moazrovnes afaseben, romlis kanis fe-

ric TandaTan ganaxlebas ganicdis”.

80

hansi da hari

hans magnus encensbergeris Sesaxeb erTob uCveulo azri pirvel-

ad mavanma kritikosma gamoTqva, romelsac laureatTan aseve uCveu-

lo, “distanciuri siaxlove” akavSirebs, magram es siaxlove imdenad

gulwrfeli da mokrZalebulia, rom mas “hans magnus”-s arasodes uw-

odebs da mxolod h. m.-d moixseniebs. vaxden mis citirebas:

“h. m.-i germaniis udavod yvelaze maxvilgonieri mweralia. igi

sakuTar bunebas ver Ralatobs da, yovelgvar gonebamaxvilur idea-

ze uaris TqmiT, surs TavSekavebuli toniT Wkua dagvarigos. asea Tu

ise, mis gaocebas iwvevs gonebamaxviluri azrebi; da maxvilsityvao-

bis es saxeoba anu im azrebis urTierTkavSiri, romelic aqamde arc

erT adamians ar mosvlia TavSi, warmoadgens maxvilsityvaobasa da

sibrZnes Soris ukanono qorwinebas da batonobs mTel mis Semoqme-

debaze. h. m.-i ambobs: Cvens droebas universaloba axasiaTebs-o, da,

raki misi Semoqmedeba mTlianad Cveni droebis xasiaTiTaa aRbeWdi-

li, amdenad masSic igrZnoba am universalobisadmi swrafva. aqedan

gamomdinare, vxedavT, Tu rogor vrceldeba igi cxovrebisa da cod-

nis yvela sferoze. saxeldobr ki, es iseT rubrikebSi Cans, rogori-

caa: literaturis masobrioba, nacionaluroba, saskolo ganaTlebis

da ucxouri literaturis gavlena, literaturuli urTierTobebi,

religia, filosofia, istoria, saxelmwifo, aRzrda, buneba, xelov-

neba da kritika. erTob gveeWveba, axalgazrda mecnieri (avtori) ise

Rrmad iyos Caxeduli yvela am sferoSi, rom misgan am disciplinebis

bolodroindeli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb safuZvlian kritikas velo-

deT. h. m.-s devinaciisa da konstruqciebis agebis unariT gahqonda

xolme Tavi. devinaciis procesi mas bednierebas aniWebs, konstruq-

ciebis agebis dros ki yovelTvis gonebamaxvilobas iCens. marTalia,

misi varaudebi dro da dro avbediTi da mcdari gamodgeba xolme, ma-

gram erTgvarovanisa da sapirispiros urTierTdakavSirebis saqmeSi

81

mas, marTlac rom, badali ar hyavs! hoda, aRarc ki viciT, ra sityve-

biT SeiZleba SevasxaT xotba mis maxvilgonivrul... paeqrobas!”

sruliad darwmunebuli var, recenzents rom scodnoda, rom misi

mSobliuri qalaqi, erTxelac iqneba, mis saxelze premias daawesebda,

didi siamovnebiT mianiWebda mas h. m. encensbergers da ara — baton

mencels, romlis naSromis citirebasac igi Tavmomwoned axdens. naS-

romi “germanuli literatura” 1829 wels Seiqmna, rodesac menceli

jer kidev ar gamodioda “axalgazrda germaniis” mtrad.

rodesac encensbergeris leqsebis pirveli tomi “mglebis dac-

va” gamoqveynda, alfred andreSma Tqva: “misi gamoCena germanuli su-

lierebis scenaze mxolod hainrix haines gamoCenas SeiZleba Seeda-

ros”. mere isic brZana, encensbergerma aaRorZina is, rac brextis Se-

mdeg germaniaSi aRar arsebobda, ris nimuSic hainem memkvidreobiT

dagvitova da rasac didi politikuri poezia hqviao.

alfred anderSi erTaderTi adamiani ar iyo, vinc “germania. za-

mTris zRapari” da “germania, germania, sxvaTa Soris” erTmaneTs Se-

udara. Sedareba ki bevri ramisa SeiZleboda; es iyo: ena da azrTa

wyoba, registri da SerCeuli Temebi, leqsebis melodiuroba da pro-

zis macdurad msubuqi ltolva poeziisken, avtoritetebisadmi pat-

iviscemis ugulebelyofa da revoluciis mimarT upasuxod darCeni-

li swrafva, ironiis dauokebeli Jini, romelmac arc mtris dandoba

icis da arc — moyvarisa, da, arc Tu mTlad bolos, Cveni “Ramisa da

nislis” (encensbergeri) Tu “muxnarisa da gonebaClungobis” (h. hai-

ne) qveynis gamo gancdili tanjva. es is tanjvaa, romelmac encens-

bergeri, iseve rogorc erT dros haine, azrovnebasa da poeziaSi ga-

rkveul kosmopolitizmamde miiyvana.

haines premiis laureati namdvilad Tavs ikavebs Sedarebebisgan,

da ara mxolod hainesTan mimarTebaSi. biuxneris premiis miRebis Se-

mdeg mas poeziaze, biuxnerze da sakuTar Tavze ar ulaparakia; misi

gamosvla teqstebsa da konteqstebs exeboda. da Tuki vinme haines da

82

encensbergeris Sedarebas moindomebs, man es ori avtori ki ara, maTi

literaturuli samyaro unda Seudaros erTmaneTs da Tundac imis

aRmoCenas Seecados, ra analogiebi arsebobda adreuli encensber-

geris restavratorul garemocvasa da im yofiT pirobebs Soris,

romliTac aRbeWdili iyo haines mTeli Semoqmedeba; esaa: gadasaxle-

ba, cenzura da ebraeli xalxis bediT gamowveuli didi gulistkivi-

li; Tumca, es saseminaro muSaobis Temaa da ara — saxotbo sityvisa.

encensbergers haines saxeliT miageben pativs; diax, hans magnuss qe-

ba-didebas ki asxamen, magram ara imitom, rom igi haris Sesagvania.

Poeta doctus

hans magnus encensbergeri jer kidev Cvens siWabukeSi mogvevlina

moZRvrad da, Semdgom amisa, mis mier gakvalul gzas mivyvebodiT.

dResdReobiT, misi adreuli leqsebis xelaxla kiTxvis dros, uCveu-

lo gancda gveufleba da kvlav nostalgia gvipyrobs; arada, gvego-

na, rom samudamod davaRwieT mas Tavi. Tavdapirvelad berlinis

mkvidris, amJamad ki miunxeneli encensbergeris citirebas vaxden,

romelic ambobs, “erTTavad Zveli vaznis hilzebis, aRmosavleTis,

gogirdisa da dezinfeqciis suni amdioda”-o, axla ki yofili berli-

neli SiSobs, Zvel federaciul respublikaSi momxdari im cvlile-

bebis monawile ar gaxdes, romlis Sedegadac Zvel memarcxeneebs axa-

li memarjveneebis jobna aqvT gadawyvetili. mainc ra mSvenieri iyo

is dro, rodesac axal respublikas advilad mimoavlebdi Tvals, ad-

enaueri mxolod 27 wlisa iyo, xolo enisa da poeziis germanuli aka-

demia darmStadtSi sakmaod mcire wlebs iTvlida saimisod, raTa bi-

uxneris premia erTi axalgazrda poetisTvis mieniWebina. es premia

34 wlis hans magnus encensbergerma 1963 wels miiRo, da am gaiZveram,

swored maSin iyo, rom aRniSna: “Cems asakSi georg biuxneri ukve aTi

wlis mkvdari iyo...”

83

ai, ukve ra xania, hans magnus encensbergeri CvenTan erTad miuyve-

ba cxovrebis gzas; mis sazogadoebaSi yofna erTob sasiamovno da am-

aRelvebelia. ki. magram, mainc ras warmoadgens igi sinamdvileSi? Se-

iZleba masze iTqvas, ganaTlebuliao? winaswarmetyveli an bneleTis

mociquli xom ar aris? iqneb, volteri an didroa. rodesac 1978

wels, parizSi, lumierebis gardacvalebis 200 wlisTavs aRniSnavd-

nen, kongresis prezidentma Tavisi misasalmebeli sityva ase daamTa-

vra: “Cemo qalbatonebo da batonebo! voltersa da rusos Soris arC-

evnis gakeTeba rom momixdes, me orive maTgans dResac da yovelTvis

didros vamjobinebdi”.

diax, rodesac dRes mas haines premiiT ajildoveben da saqme gan-

manaTlebel encensbergers exeba, upirveles yovlisa, didroze vfi-

qrobT. da Tu haine sakuTar Tavs im sabralo bulbuls uwodebda, bu-

de volteris parikSi rom daedo, maSin hans magnus encensbergeri di-

dros yurTan mokalaTebuli WinWraqa yofila.

gana, didroc tarosis mauwyebeli ar iyo?! Tavisi mSobliuri qa-

laqis mcxovreblebze igi werda: “aq adamianebi pataraobidanve Segu-

ebuli arian imas, rom qarma isini saTamaSo burTad unda gaixados.

langreSi mcxovreb kacs Tavi mxrebze tarosis mauwyebeli flugeri-

viT aqvs Semodgmuli da erT adgilze vera da ver Cerdeba; sawyis we-

rtils ki imitom ubrundeba, rom isev da isev moZraobaSi movides”.

“aba, maS, sxvagvarad rogor unda moiqces?” — cdilobs airidos es sa-

yveduri encensbergeris “mfrinavma robertma”, da imeorebs: “maS,

sxvagvarad rogor unda moiqces aseT murtal amindSi?!”

hans magnus encensbergers imis damajerebeli magaliTi mohyavs,

Tu rogor SeiZleba skeptikuri ganmanaTlebloba ara marto gadar-

Ces, aramed SemdgomSi ufro cxvovelmyofeli gaxdes da ganviTardes

kidec. ganmanaTleblobis istoria aramc da aramc ar aris Saravande-

diT mosili adamianebis brZola obskurantebis winaaRmdeg, rogorc

amas saxelmZRvaneloebSi agviweren. “didi enciklopediis” saTauri

84

gvamcnobs, rom esaa Tavdadebuli mcdeloba arts, sciences da metiers-is,

anu xelovnebaTa, mecnierebaTa da xelobaTa gaerTianebisa da maTi

erTmaneTTan kvlav daaxlovebisa, raTa moispos ufskruli azrovne-

basa da xeliT Sromas Soris. Cvens droSi amgvari mcdeloba aravis

gamouvlenia iseTi TviTmyofadi sicxadiTa da ucilobeli marcxis

xalisiani SegrZnebiT, rogorc es doqt. hans magnus encensbergerma

moaxerxa. igi poeta dictus-ia germanel mwerlebs Soris da erudiciiT

mas mxolod doqt. beni Tu gautoldeba.

saqme exeba ara poetis “empiriuli laqlaqisTvis mxaris abmas”,

rogorc amas goeTe dacinviT uwodebda, aramed — kvleva-Ziebas, ru-

dunebiT Sromas, gareT, quCaSi iqneba, es, Tu — Sin, Zveli wignebis me-

SveobiT. diax, saqme exeba statistikur monacemebs, diagramebs, sau-

brebs dainteresebul adamianebTan, pirvelwyaroebis kritikas da

sizustiTa da mgrZnobiarobiT gamorCeul hermenevtikas; saqme exeba

“cnebis gagebis mcdelobas” “uxerxulad CaxlarTuli frazis” gamo-

yenebis nacvlad, aseve — mudmiv savele kvlevas, magram arasodes —

msoflio sevdas.

amas ki yovelTvis iqiT mivyavarT, rom saWiro xdeba, miRebuli

codna iseT enaze gadmoitano, romelic, rac SeiZleba meti adamian-

isTvis iqneba gasagebi. poet-ganmanaTlebelze aranaklebic iTqmis.

hoda, me am saukunis germanel mwerlebs Soris ar meguleba aravin,

vinc hans magnus encensbergeriviT gamomcemelic iqneboda da mTar-

gmnelic, redaqtoric da reklamebis mesveuric, Teatris direqto-

ric da koreqtoric, sityvis jadoqaric da cifrebis demonic. maT

Soris arc sxva meguleba iseTi, vinc, encensbergeris msgavsad, saku-

Tar Tavs xelosnad SeigrZnobda.

85

mrisxaneba da ironia

yovelTvis siamovnebas ganicdi, rodesac hans magnus encensberg-

ers kiTxulob, guls uxaria misi mosmena, xolo is, vinc masze lapa-

rakobs, verafriT uZlebs cdunebas, raTa odnav mainc ar gaxdes misi

esoden uxvad momadlebuli maxvilgonierebis Tanaziari. magram enc-

ensbergeris naSromebi, imavdroulad, gajerebulia seriozulobiT-

ac, romelic ver malavs Tavs mTeli am maxvilgonierebis safarqveS.

misi frazebi ganmsWvalulia raRac mSfoTvarebiT, rasac mxolod

mwerlis temperaments ver davabralebT. ara, es mSfoTvareba mis mi-

er aRweril Temebsac ukavSirdeba da droebis gamoZaxils warmoadg-

ens. amis bolo magaliTad SeiZleba misi ori esse davasaxeloT, ro-

melTa saTaurebia: “didi migracia” da “samoqalaqo omis perspeqti-

vebi”.

1890 wlis 19 noembers hainrix haine varnhagens swerda: “cnobi-

lia, rom arseboben frinvelebi, romlebic winaswar SeigrZnoben is-

eT bunebriv movlenebs, rogoricaa Weqa-quxili, miwisZvra, wyaldi-

doba, da a. S. hoda, aseve arseboben adamianebi, romelTa gonebac wi-

naswar iuwyeba mosalodnel socialur Zvrebs. es adamianebi am dros

miyuCdebian, irindebian da uCveulo guneba-ganwyoba euflebaT”.

hans magnus encensbergeri, mTeli Tavisi gonebamaxvilobiT, swo-

red aseT adamianad warmogvidgeba. is cocxali seismografi da anti-

cipator maximum-ia, magram amasTan yovlismcodneobasac ver daswameb,

da mas swored imitom vemadlierebiT, rom igi Tavis am “gayuCeba-ga-

rindebas” mudmivad iseTi formiT avlens, romelic SegvajanjRar-

ebs, magram ise, rom ar Segvagonebs, gvafrTxilebs, magram ise, rom ar

godebs da ar moTqvams. berlinis kedlis dacemis wels, im didi aRf-

rTovanebis dros, encensbergeri ambobda: “SesaZloa, odnav sarkazm-

amdec ki mivides saqme, Tuki adamiani mudmivad da principulad uars

ityvis survilze, sakuTar TavSi CaaxSos garkveuli xalisi sayovel-

86

Tao depresiis winaSe. am dros sakmarisia, SigadaSig gamouxmo lix-

tenbergs, gaixseno didro, odnav igrZno haines sulis qrolva, da,

maSin, yrolis suni umal gaqreba inteleqtualuri fsiqodromidan”.

ormocdaaTiani wlebis bolos alfred anderSi literaturul

asparezze hans magnus encensbergeris gamoCenas iseTi aRtyinebiT

Sexvda, rogoric mxolod morwmuneebs Seipyrobs xolme uflis

kvlav gamocxadebis molodinSi. man Tqva: “bolos da bolos, Cvens

Soris gamoCnda ganrisxebuli axalgazrda kaci”. mere ki, albaT, mo-

mavalze Tu dRevandel dReze fiqriT Sepyrobilma, Tqva: “encens-

bergerisTana niWis mqone kacs yovelTvis daemuqreba safrTxe. hoda,

ra bedi eweva mas, rodesac, erTxelac iqneba, mrisxaneba daucxreba

da aRSfoTebas ase iolad veRar utevs gzas?”

hans magnus encensbergerisadmi Cems milocvaSi am SekiTxvaze pa-

suxis gacema ar gamiWirdeba da SemiZlia igi mxolod hainrix haines

suluskveTebiT gamsWvaluli sityvebiT gavaxmiano: mrisxanebas yav-

li gasdis, ironia ki ukvdavia.

87

sarCevi

gamomcemlis winasityva (daTo barbaqaZe) 7

h. m. encensbergeri. leqsebi

frankonuli alublis baRi ianvris TveSi 10

Targmna besik adeiSvilma

mglebis dacva kravebisgan 12

qveynis ena 14

leqsi leqsebis armkiTxvelTaTvis 21

brmad 23

mSvidobiani kacis saflavze 25

Middle Class Blues 26 liqenTuwyeba 28

Crdilsameufo 33

silueti 35

xelaxali aRzrdis sirTuleTa gamo 36

simRera imaze rac yvelafers exeba da rac ukve viciT 38

Targmna daTo barbaqaZem

h. m. encensbergeri. esseebi

mecnierebis poezia 42

Targmna Tamar kotrikaZem

nulovani media 59

Targmna Sorena SamanaZem

volf lepeniesi.

mrisxanebas yavli gasdis, ironia ki ukvdavia 74

Targmna nana gogolaSvilma

88

INHALT Vorwort des Herausgebers (Dato Barbakadse) 7 HANS MAGNUS ENZENSBERGER. GEDICHTE Verteidigung der Wölfe gegen die Lämmer 10 übersetzt von Bessik Adeischwili Landessprache 12 Gedichte für die Gedichte nicht lesen 14 Blindlings 21 Auf das Grab eines friedlichen Mannes 23 Middle Class Blues 25 Flechtenkunde 28 Schattenreich 33 Schattenbild 35 Über die Schwierigkeiten der Umerziehung 36 Lied von denen auf die alles zutrifft und die alles schon wissen 38 übersetzt von Dato Barbakadse HANS MAGNUS ENZENSBERGER. ESSAYS Die Poesie der Wissenschaft 42 übersetzt von Tamar Kotrikadse Das Nullmedium 59 übersetzt von Schorena Schamanadse WOLF LEPENIES Der Zorn altert, die Ironie ist unsterblich 74 übersetzt von Nana Gogolaschwili