Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present...

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Present Perfect Present Perfect Tense Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage

Transcript of Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present...

Page 1: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Present Perfect TensePresent Perfect TensePresent perfect formhaben und sein as auxiliary verbsModals in the present perfectWeak, irregular, strong verbsUsage

Page 2: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Present perfect tense form

auxiliary verb + past participle of main verbhaben (auxiliary) + gemacht (past participle)

Or

sein (auxiliary) + gegangen (past participle)Ich bin in die Vorlesung gegangen

Page 3: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Haben oder Sein?

When is the auxiliary verb haben? when is it sein?

The auxiliary is haben... if the verb takes a direct object (“transitive

verb”)Ich habe das Lehrbuch gekauft.

Page 4: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Haben oder Sein?The auxiliary is sein...

1. if the verb does not take a direct object (“intransitive verb”)

And

2. if the verb expresses change of motion or condition

Ich bin spät ins Bett gegangen

Ich bin schnell eingeschlafen

Page 5: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Haben oder Sein?Exceptions to rule: bleiben und sein

– do not express change of condition but do take sein as auxiliary:

• Ich bin zu Hause geblieben

• Er ist immer ein fleißiger Student gewesen.

Page 6: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Modals in the present perfect tense

Modals used without an infinitive:

haben + past participle

present tense:

Ich muss in die Bibliothek.

present perfect:

Ich habe in die Bibliothek gemusst

Page 7: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Modals in the present perfect tense

Modals used with an infinitive (less common):the “double infinitive”:

Ich habe die Klausur nicht schreiben können.

Note: The auxiliary verb is always haben. The modal comes after the main verb

Page 8: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Weak verbs: form

Prefix: ge-

Ending: -t

standard form: kaufen gekauft

separable prefixes: einkaufen eingekauft

inseparable prefixes: verkaufen verkauft

verbs w/ -ieren: studieren studiert

Page 9: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Irregular weak verbs: principle parts

Stem changing verbs with weak endings:

kennen--kannte--hat gekannt

bringen--brachte--hat gebracht

wissen--wusste--hat gewusst

können--konnte--hat gekonnt

Page 10: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Strong verbs: principle parts

The principle parts of strong verbs are stem-changing

and take an -en ending

Ich habe die Hausarbeit geschrieben.

Page 11: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Categories of strong verbs

The stem changes of strong verbs can be broken down into seven major categories:

Page 12: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Categories of strong verbs

Category I

a) ei – ie – ie

schreiben – schrieb – geschrieben

b) ei – i (short) – i (short)

reißen – riss – gerissen

Page 13: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Categories of strong verbs

Category II

a) ie – o – o

bieten – bot – geboten

b) ie – o (short) – o (short)

schießen – schoss – geschossen

(several variations of this form exist)

Page 14: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Categories of strong verbs

Category III

a) i – a – u

finden – fand – gefunden

b) i – a – o

schwimmen – schwamm – geschwommen

Page 15: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Categories of strong verbs

Category IV

a) e – a – o

stehlen – stahl – gestohlen

b) e – a (long) – o (short)

brechen – brach – gebrochen

c) e – a (short) – o (short)

werfen – warf – geworfen

Page 16: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Categories of strong verbs

Category V.

a) e – a – e

lesen – las – gelesen

b) i – a (long) – e (short)

sitzen – saß – gesessen

Page 17: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Categories of strong verbs

Category VI

a) a – u – a

fahren – fuhr – gefahren

b) e – a – a

stehen – stand – gestanden

Page 18: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Categories of strong verbs

Category VII

a) a – ie – a

schlafen – schlief – geschlafen

b) au – ie – au

laufen – lief – gelaufen

Page 19: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Present perfect tense: usage

The present perfect tense is the most common way to express past tense events in conversation

The simple past tense is used for narrating a story (mainly in writing).

Page 20: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Present perfect tense: usage

Exceptions: The verbs haben and sein usally take

simple past forms in conversation:

warst du gestern zu Hause?

Ich hatte kein Geld.

Page 21: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Present perfect tense: usage

Exceptions: The modals, wissen, and denken are often

used in the simple past in conversation:

Ich konnte gestern nicht ausgehen

Das wusste ich doch!

Page 22: Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage.

Present perfect tense: usage

Exceptions: The modals, wissen, and denken are often

used in the simple past in conversation:

Ich konnte gestern nicht ausgehen

Das wusste ich doch!

Ich dachte, du wolltest mit mir ausgehen?