Projekt FLARE Rolle von Flammschutzmitteln als endokrin

aktive Substanzen in der Umwelt (NFP50: Hormonaktive Stoffe: Bedeutung für Menschen, Tiere und Ökosysteme)

Partner SAFE (Patricia Holm) PHEBRO (Walter Giger und Hans Peter Kohler)

Umsetzung Zeithorizont: Frühjahr 2003 Finden von Hotspots (Projekte SAFE / Fischnetz)

endokrine Aktivität des Flusswassers (YEAST) erhöhte Vitellogenin Levels Bachforellen

Analyse von Leber/Galle von Bachforellen Identifizierung von Metaboliten von bromierten

Flammschutzmitteln

N

I

I O

I

OH COOH

3,3',5-Triiodothyronine (T3)

Br

Br O

Br

BrOH

Hydroxylated BDE-119

O

Br

Br

Br

Br

PBDE (BDE-47)

FLAREFLARE Brominated flame retardants and their

transformation products:Occurrence in the environment and human

exposure to these endocrine active components

Andreas Gerecke, Peter Schmid, Martin Kohler,Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research

(EMPA), 8600 Dübendorf

Brominated Flame Retardants

Technical Properties BFR are additives for plastics and textiles (%-range!)

BFR inhibit / suppress combustion

BFR are now the second most used additive for plastics

Annual production over 150,000 tons, demand increasing

Environmental Impact -Is the PCB disaster being repeated?

Some BFR and their metabolites are endocrine disruptors

Some BFR are proven to be persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

BFR in human milk rose from < 1 ng/g lipid to 200 ng/g lipid (USA)

Brominated Flame Retardants

Br Br

Br Br

BrBr

HBCD

O

Br

Br

Br

Br

PBDE (BDE-47)

Hexabromocyclododecane Polystyrene foam and expanded

polystyrene

Little is known on fate and toxicity

Polybrominated Diphenylethers Plastics and textiles - persistent organic pollutants

PentaBDE to be banned, DecaBDE as alternative?

Tetrabromobisphenol A Electronic circuit boards - covalently bound

Similar structure to bisphenol A and T3/T4

OH

Br

Br

OH

Br

Br

TBBPA

Known Effects of Brominated Flame Retardants Endocrine disrupting effects found for TBBPA, PBDE and metabolites

PBDE & metabolites are ER alpha and ER beta receptor agonists

PBDE & TBBPA: competition with thyroxine T3/T4

Immunotoxic effects (reduced production of IgG by BDE-47)

Developmental toxicity (behavior aberration in mice by BDE-99)

Most data available for mammals & assays / little known about fish

Endocrine Disrupting Effects

Br

Br O

Br

BrBr

BDE-119

Br

Br O

Br

BrOH

Hydroxylated BDE-119

N

I

I O

I

OH COOH

3,3',5-Triiodothyronine (T3)

Transformation products of BDE-199 mimicking T3/T4

Goals Investigate environmental levels and transformation products

of brominated flame retardants in the aquatic environment

Implementation of an effect driven approach - analysing fish & environment where effects of ED are found

Task I Development of analytical methods for BFR &

transformation products

Task II Collecting and analysing relevant samples for the target

compounds and for transformation products

Task III Correlation to effects and implementation of the results

Goals and Tasks

SAFE Endocrine disruption in Switzerland: Assessment of fish exposure

and effects (SAFE): Patricia Holm, Helmut Segner, Armin Peter

PHEBRO Phenolic and brominated contaminants in wastewater and in the

aquatic environment (PHEBRO): Walter Giger, Hans-Peter Kohler

Aquanet & various Institutions EAWAG, BAG, BUWAL, FAW

Related Activities at EMPA Dioxins, coplanar PCB and BFR in various matrices: Markus

Zennegg

Brominated flame retardants (BFR) - Transfer from Building Materials and Textiles to Indoor Air and Human Exposure Assessment

Partners

Thank you for your attention