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183© The Author(s) 2017G. Sonkoly, Historical Urban Landscape, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-49166-0

Index

AThe Aalborg Charter, 31academic institutionalization, 2, 52,

135, 146Achleitner, Friedrich, 101, 108n7,

114n96architecture, 2, 14, 16, 18, 30, 32, 45,

58n28, 65n133, 67n174, 77, 80, 82, 85, 86, 98, 99, 102, 108n7, 146

area, 18, 27, 30, 31, 36, 38–43, 46, 48, 53, 65n145, 66n159, 67n169, 81, 83, 85, 87, 90–2, 94, 98, 101, 148, 155, 157, 159, 163n15, 164n18, 164n22, 164n23, 165n26

historic area, 32, 39, 45, 50, 52, 102

Asia(n), 4, 6n11, 11, 27, 30, 101, 140n29

Athens, 77, 107n1The Athens Charter, 9, 22, 26, 30–2,

37, 38, 40, 47, 51, 60n54, 63n85, 77, 162n8

Austria, 80, 81, 85, 93, 94, 96, 104, 108n8, 108n10, 110n34, 113n75, 154

authenticity, 3, 6n7, 28–31, 33, 36, 56, 70n217, 86, 91, 106, 127, 149, 150, 161n6

BBallarat, 4, 154, 159Bandarin, Francesco, 6n3, 6n10, 11,

16, 17, 43, 51, 57n2, 59n31, 59n37, 64n120, 69n210, 69n211, 70n217, 93, 99, 107n5, 142n51, 150, 161n1, 161n3, 163n15

Barcelona, 97, 113Beaudet, Gérard, 15Beijing, 4, 116n107, 154Belgium, 15Benjamin, Walter, 35biodiversity, 49, 158biopower, 19–22, 145Blanka Tunnel, 90

Note: Page numbers followed by “n” denote endnotes.

184 INDEX

Blutgassenviertel, 83Boulghallat, Adil, 105, 117n118,

117n119Bratislava, 96, 98, 113n79Braudel, Fernand, 124, 137n4Brett, David, 134, 142n46Bruges, 4, 116n107Budapest, 59n34, 63n108, 79, 88, 93,

96, 98, 111n43, 113n79, 118, 163n15, 165n26

Jewish quarter, 90built rural heritage, 85The Burra Charter, 29, 40, 46

CCDC. See community-driven

conservation (CDC)Central Europe, 96, 97, 102China, 11, 154cityscape or townscape, 14, 15, 35, 85,

86climate change, 19, 78co-creation, 134, 158, 160Cologne, 88–90, 99, 103, 111n48,

113n84, 117n122Cologne Cathedral, 88–90, 99,

111n48, 117n122community, 18, 22, 27, 29, 40, 42,

47–50, 53–6, 60n51, 64n122, 95, 105, 125, 132, 133, 136, 141n41, 142n43, 145, 153, 155, 157, 159–61

urban community, 53, 81, 106, 151, 158

community-driven conservation (CDC), 154–6

comprehensive urban development (CUD), 154, 156, 157, 163n15

conceptual history, 4, 5, 10, 12, 16–24, 31, 50, 145, 147, 148

conservationcultural heritage conservation, 10,

19, 21, 52–4, 70n217, 158

urban heritage conservation, 1–4, 36, 47, 51, 78, 101, 148, 149, 151–4, 156, 158, 159, 163n15

contemporary, 1–3, 10, 13, 15, 17–19, 21, 45, 51, 52, 56, 79, 86, 99, 102, 104–7, 123, 124, 126, 129, 131, 132, 134, 136, 140n32, 140n35, 142n47, 145–7, 149, 153–8, 162n9, 164n24

contemporary architecture, 30, 45, 58n28, 65n133, 67n174, 77, 82, 86, 98, 99, 102

continuityspatial, 18, 31, 42, 150, 157temporal, 32, 34

The Convention on Intangible Cultural Heritage, 33

Cordova, 4, 154Cracow, 35CUD. See comprehensive urban

development (CUD)cultural diversity, 1, 41, 42, 49, 54,

55, 132, 158, 160Cultural Heritage, 1, 9, 78, 123–42,

145cultural landscape, 12, 13, 15, 19, 24,

40–4, 49, 60n53, 80, 82, 84–7, 99, 108n9, 146, 150, 157, 158

cultural property(ies), 27, 38, 54, 55, 109n17, 113n85, 135

cultural space, 41, 42, 53, 105, 106, 115n106, 116n115

cultural tourism, 29, 48

DDanube river, 80, 81The Declaration of Amsterdam, 31, 32,

39, 48The Declaration of San Antonio, 30,

40, 48Dehio, Georg, 35Denkmal, 109n17, 110n35

185INDEX

Denkmalschutz, 82, 104, 135Disneyfication, 18Diversity of Cultural Expressions

Convention, 41Dresden, 88–90, 103The Dublin Principles, 29, 36, 67n172The Dutch Belvedere Memorandum, 31

EElbe river, 89England, 14, 99, 137n6, 139n26, 154environment, 10, 13, 15, 17–19, 23,

33, 38, 39, 43, 46, 51, 65n145, 81, 83–6, 89, 95, 101, 110n37, 113n77, 151, 155, 159, 162n9, 162n11, 164n23

Europe(an), 12, 13, 15, 30–2, 34, 35, 43, 46, 47, 59n34, 59n50, 60n53, 69n214, 79–81, 83, 85, 87–90, 95–7, 102–4, 113n79, 115n102, 116n113, 117n122, 123, 129, 133, 136, 139n26, 146–8, 154, 155, 158, 159, 162n9, 163n15

Council of Europe, 25, 38The European Landscape Convention,

31, 34, 43

Ffine tuning, 95The Florence Declaration, 156, 162n11folklore, 40, 41, 66n153Foucault, Michel, 19–22, 55, 59n45,

145Frampton, Kenneth, 15fuzzy logic, 128, 129

GGeddes, Patrick, 149gentle urban renovation, 83, 84, 86,

95, 98

gentrification, 16, 50, 78, 98Gersovitz, Julia, 16, 58n29globalization, 12, 28, 55, 69n215,

117n116, 141n38governance, 3, 153The Granada Convention, 31, 39Graz, 80, 88, 90, 108n9, 114n92,

154group of buildings, 38, 39, 110n37

HHadid, Zaha, 90Hartog, François, 126–8, 130,

138n9, 138n11, 138n17, 140n34, 141n38, 141n40, 146

Häupl, Michael, 100Heimat, 82, 95, 109n17–19, 140n28

Heimatschutz, 85, 104, 109, 135heritage-city, 105, 159heritage management, 2–4, 36, 52,

100, 101, 104, 125, 126, 153, 154

heritage structure, 27, 35, 36, 44, 53heritage studies, 2, 126, 135, 151,

161n5heritagization, 6n7, 13, 106, 108n10,

117n122, 152high-rise construction, 78, 91, 98, 99,

101historical centre, 19, 39, 45, 52, 53,

78–84, 86–94, 98, 101, 108n9, 110n37, 146, 150

historical culture, 134historical experience, 17, 21historical science, 5, 107, 129, 132,

134, 135, 148historical time, 21, 36, 86, 123, 130,

131, 141n41, 146historic character, 90Historicity, 5, 18–21, 33, 46, 126,

127, 130, 136, 141n36, 145–7, 155

186 INDEX

Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), 1, 5n1, 5n3, 9–70, 77, 99, 100, 123, 142n51, 145, 154, 162n11

dilemma, 18, 34, 36, 106, 150, 152, 156

history, 1, 9–70, 77, 123–42, 145holistic approach, 84, 100, 149homogenization, 28, 48, 55horizon of expectations, 17, 21,

141n41HUL. See Historic Urban Landscape

(HUL)

IICOMOS. See International Council

on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)

identity, 3, 11, 21, 22, 28, 29, 31, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 48–50, 53–5, 66n159, 69n215, 79, 84, 95, 96, 104, 107, 107n6, 109n19, 123, 125–30, 132–4, 136, 138n12, 140n32, 146, 148, 151, 152, 155–60

important view, 157, 164n18industrial heritage, 53, 82, 85Intangible Cultural Heritage

Convention, 41intangible heritage, 1, 9, 24, 28–30,

33, 34, 41, 42, 49, 53–6, 66n154, 86, 87, 103–5, 116n106, 140n29, 157, 158, 161n5

intangible urban heritage, 106, 151integrated conservation, 155

integrated cultural heritage management, 52, 104, 125, 126, 154

integrative logic, 24, 26, 33, 40, 51, 101, 103, 145, 148

integrity, 29, 30, 48, 54, 56, 70n217, 70n219, 90, 91, 99, 103, 106, 150, 156, 161n6

International Congresses of Modern Architecture, 30–1

International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), 9, 15, 23, 25–30, 34, 36, 39, 43–5, 48, 56n61, 60n55, 64n117, 64n118, 87, 91, 93–5, 98, 99, 102, 107n2, 147, 154, 156, 162n11, 163n12, 163n14

international law, 23The Itaipava Principles, 30, 32, 39Italy, 15, 78, 154

JJakob, Michael, 11, 57n3, 58n23Jameson, Fredric, 17, 59n36, 59n41,

59n42, 141n36, 142n47Jemaa El-Fna Square, 105, 106,

116n115Jokilehto, Jukka, 51, 69n209, 70n217

Kknowledge transmission, 19, 105, 106,

151, 156Kolhaas, Rem, 18Koselleck, Reinhart, 59n50, 130,

140n33Kos, Wolfgang, 102, 114–15n99

LLabadi, Sophia, 3, 4, 6n9, 7n13,

63n108, 161n2, 162n10, 162n11landscape management, 13, 34landscape urbanism, 15List of Masterpieces, 41, 116n115liveability (of the city), 50, 158, 160,

164n23living urban heritage (LUH), 154–6,

162n11Logan, William, 3, 4, 6n9, 7n13,

63n108, 161n2, 162n10, 162n11

187INDEX

Lowenthal, David, 127, 134, 135, 138n14, 141n42

MMadrid, 97, 113n79management of change, 35–7, 52,

64n118, 64n120, 103management of space, 20, 39Marrakesh, 4, 105, 116n107,

117n115, 154mechanism of power, 20, 22Melot, Michel, 124, 137n5milieu, 20, 22, 55, 158modernization, 12, 17, 19, 21, 22, 31,

32, 52, 55, 128, 130Montreal, 14, 15, 45, 157, 161n5monument, 9–11, 17, 19, 26, 27, 29,

30, 32, 37–41, 44–7, 51, 52, 55, 66n152, 78–87, 99, 101, 104, 105, 107n2, 109n17, 110n35, 114n93, 124, 139n26, 147, 149, 158, 162n9, 163n12

monument protection, 34, 35, 38, 45, 64n120, 81–7

NThe Nairobi Recommendations, 32The Nara Document, 28, 33nationalism, 29, 141n37, 162n9nation-building, 12, 54, 69n214, 159natural heritage, 24, 49, 150, 156,

161n5New Zealand, 30, 67n172, 163n12Nora, Pierre, 133, 138n19, 142n19Nordman, Daniel, 42, 164n22

Ooral history, 133outstanding universal value (OUV),

33, 43, 54, 79, 103

PPalermo, 4, 116n107, 154Paris, 14, 94, 98The Paris Declaration, 28, 36, 44, 50,

67n172participation, 15, 30, 34, 44, 48–50,

54, 84, 95, 104, 151, 152, 156, 158, 160, 162

perception of time, 5, 19, 21, 22, 32, 52, 130–2, 135, 136, 147, 155

personalization, 161Petzet, Michael, 34, 35, 51, 64n117,

64n118, 64n120, 64n121place, 10, 14, 19, 22, 27–30, 40–2,

44, 46, 48, 53, 65n125, 67n169, 67n172, 77, 79, 82, 84, 85, 98, 99, 101, 113n76, 118n122, 124, 126, 130, 137n3, 139n26, 146, 147, 155, 157, 163n12

place of cultural significance, 40, 155, 163n12

place(s) of memory, 41, 96, 133, 155

polemic visualization, 102, 157population, 20–2, 48, 78, 115n106,

159, 160, 163n12postmodern, 13, 16, 17, 124, 130,

135, 141n36, 160Prague, 79, 88, 90, 96, 98, 103,

110n41, 111n43, 113n79presentism, 5, 19, 21, 52, 126, 127,

131, 146professionalization, 17, 19, 20, 28, 44,

102, 103public history, 133–5, 141n36,

142n43

Qquarter, 39, 81, 83, 90, 98The Quebec Declaration, 29, 44The Quito Norms, 31, 32, 38, 47

188 INDEX

Rregime(s), 18, 19, 21, 130, 135, 145,

146, 153, 155, 157, 162n8Regime of Historicity, 126, 127

rehabilitation programme, 98resilience, 136, 145, 158Rider, Jacques le, 96, 112n74Riegl, Alois, 35, 64n120

SSalzburg, 80, 88, 90, 95, 110n41,

117n122scamscape, 18Schicker, Rudolf, 93, 112n73Schönbrunn Palace, 80, 91school history, 32, 134, 135security, 19–22, 31–7, 52, 53, 55,

102, 103, 112n73, 145, 153, 158–61

Shanghai, 4, 101, 154site, 13, 14, 38–42, 53

heritage site, 1, 3, 4, 10, 24, 26–8, 34, 40, 44, 47, 48, 50, 52, 56, 67n169, 78–81, 83–94, 98–105, 108n8, 112n62, 113n84, 114n88, 115n102, 117n116, 117–18n122, 146, 148, 153, 156–9, 163n16, 164n22, 165n26

Smith, Julian, 16social platform, 134Soja, Edward, 18, 59n40, 59n43,

59n45sovereignty, 20space and territory, 42Spain, 97, 154, 165n27Spanish Riding School, 104–6,

115n106, 116n111, 116n113spirit of place, 28–30, 44, 53, 65n125,

155, 163n12Spittelberg, 83standard-setting instrument(s), 2, 5,

10, 22–31, 36, 40, 41, 44, 46,

50, 54, 60n54, 61n56, 77, 91, 101, 145, 148, 152, 153

Saint Stephen’s Cathedral, Vienna, 81, 110n37

Strache, Heinz-Christian, 93sustainability, 1, 3, 4, 12, 13, 19, 28,

33–5, 50, 52, 55, 64n112, 64n118, 84, 92, 103, 117n121, 131, 133, 136, 142n51, 145, 147, 149, 157, 158

Sustainable City (SC), 154–6Swenson, Aristid, 82, 109n17,

139n26, 140n28

Ttangible heritage, 24, 28, 29, 34, 41,

43, 45, 49, 54, 103, 104, 126, 138n7, 148–51, 155, 156, 158

temporality, 17, 21, 32, 106, 140n31, 141n36, 156, 159

temporalization, 130territorialization, 21, 22, 40–2, 46, 47,

82, 100, 156, 157, 166n159The Xi’an Document, 27The Yamamoto Declaration, 33, 41,

66n152thirdspace, 18threat(s), 19, 32, 33, 35, 48, 50–2,

55, 79, 88–95, 100–3, 111n44, 113n84, 149, 158, 164n24

threat analysis, 89threat of delisting, 88, 90traditional culture(s), 40, 66n153,

125

UUN-Habitat programme, 97, 98United Nations (UN), 1, 95–8,

113n75, 113n77United Nations Educational Scientific

and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 1, 9, 78, 129, 147

189INDEX

urban development, 1, 3, 16–19, 59n35, 59n39, 79, 93, 106, 112n62, 114n93, 149, 150, 152

urban heritage, 1, 9, 77, 138n6, 145urban heritage management, 2–4,

100, 101, 153urban history, 1, 32, 39, 46urban planning, 1, 2, 14–19, 32, 33,

45, 48, 59n34, 59n35, 81, 84, 95, 97, 98, 146, 150–2, 156, 164n24

urban studies, 2, 11, 165n27urban territory, 11, 19, 38–40, 53, 84,

102, 150utopia, 16–19, 141n37, 150

VThe Valletta Principles, 27, 35, 36, 44,

50, 67n172Vancouver, 4van Oers, Ron, 6n3, 6n10, 11, 16, 17,

43, 51, 57n2, 59n31, 59n37, 59n39, 64n120, 69n210, 69n211, 70n217, 100, 107n5, 114n93, 142n51, 150, 161n1, 161n3, 163n15

Varanasi, 150, 151, 154Venice, 35, 77, 78, 107n2, 150, 151The Venice Charter, 25–7, 31, 33–5,

38, 47, 51, 60n54, 77, 78, 107n2Vienna, 4, 11, 77–118, 146Vienna Memorandum, 11, 15, 16, 44,

58n28, 58n29, 60n54, 67n174The Vienna Memorandum, 11, 15, 16,

25, 27, 30, 35, 44–6, 51, 56, 58n28, 58n29, 60n54, 77–118, 146

visual integrity (VI), 16, 58n27, 70n217, 87, 90–2, 95, 99–104, 114n99, 146, 148, 151, 153–7

WWalter, François, 13, 57n10, 58n14The Washington Charter, 27, 30, 39,

46Wehdorn, Manfred, 80, 100,

108n10, 108n12, 108n14, 108n16, 109n20, 109n22, 109n24–6, 110n30, 110n36, 110n38, 111n47, 112n69, 114n88, 114n94, 114n97, 114n98, 115n9, 115n100

Wien-Mitte Project, railway station, 91–3

World Heritage, 1, 3, 4, 10–12, 24, 38, 40, 42, 43, 45, 49, 50, 54, 56, 60n53, 67n162, 69n212, 77–96, 98–105, 108n8, 108n10, 111n41, 112n62, 112n73, 113n84, 114n85, 114n88, 115n102, 116n107, 117n115, 117–18n122, 123, 136, 137n2, 146, 150, 154, 157–9, 163n16

World Heritage Committee, 43, 63n108, 99

World Heritage Convention, 26, 33, 37–40, 47, 49, 52, 60n52, 63n108, 70n219, 80, 124

World Heritage Institute of Training and Research, 4

ZZadeh, Lotfi, 128, 139n23, 139n24zone, zoning

buffer zone, 81, 87, 90–3, 98, 101, 102, 157, 164n18

core zone, 92, 101, 102