seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸...

45

Transcript of seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸...

Page 1: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

������������� � ��� ���������������� ���������������

�! #"$"&%('*)+'-,&,.'-/10 243657518$':9<;=57 #"&'>.?A@CB�DAEAFHGJILKMB6@CN:OPFRQS@CTVU WXEYTHGJOPFRQXKMB6@CN:OPFRQS@CTVUZ /73�[\%]"&^4_` #a78&% Zcb %(aP5d3`%]/fe*"& `5g5KMB6@CN:OPFRQS@CTVU�hjilk&OPB6B6QSU�mnNdojBA@po KMBA@nNJOgFHQq@CTVU�hjisrtTHojG:h

u*vcwjx]yjz6vc{}|�~}�Y{p���AwR�AvPx�~��Awj~���wd|�� �R�d�!�f�j|�w:�d�dv�xP�P{�wd�\�A�Yxqw1�Pv��!y-v�|#v�xqwj�}����~�wg�:vP|�~��*��{�yJ|`wd�w��d{p�P�R�dzYxR�Pv�xHv��Cwj~]{��j|��RvP~]�.vRvP|*���d|6~�wJ�P~]{��Rwj�}���c�R�d|�|`vR��~�vR��zY|�{}~����l{}~}�Y{}|��j{p���R�jzYxR��v���~(x�z6��~(zYxqv��&{}|����~�vRw:�f�.�dxq�cwd|#wH�A�6�dx�{��Rwd�}����~����H�j|6~(x�{���zY~�v�xqvP�Cwj~]{��j|`wd�=�fvRwd|�{}|-yj�l�l{}~}�*�j|6���f{}|#�d{}xqvR�P~��Jv��6v�|#�JvP|`�Rv�d|��d{p�P�R�dzYxR�Pv��R~(x�z6�P~]zYxqv7�� `�Y{p�cwd�}�C�j�&�cw���{}�M�#�CvPxc�d{p�P�R�dzYxR�Pv��R~(x�z6�P~]zYxqv!~��!�#xq�d�7{��Jv��P�RwV¡t�j�C�d{}|�y¢ �dx��R�d�t�6�1��{}~]{��j|`wj�l�Pv���wd|�~]{����R�Mwj|`��xqvP�dvHwj�£�f�¤zY��~({ �`�nvf�.wd�1�f{}|¥�\��{��R��~��AvfxqvP�Cwj~]{��j|`wd�l��vRwd|�{}|-y�R�d|��1vP�JvR�c�P��wJ�j�1vPxP��{�wj�s�H�j|6|#vH�P~({}�1v����Rwj|�{}|6~�vPxqwJ�P~¦�l{}~��L~��Awj~§wd�R���7�P{�wd~�vH���l{}~��¨�d{p�P�R�dzYxR�Pv���~]x�z6�P�~(zYxqvg��uLv��R�d|`�P��z6�:v��P�*�q�:v�~��H�Y{}|-y¥�jzY~�w��CvH©J{��Rwj��{p�PvH�LyJxqwd�!��wdx ¢ �jx��d{p�P�R�dzYxR�Pvc~��Awd~ ¢ w:��{}��{}~�wd~�v���d{p�P�R�dzYxR�Pv!{}|�~�vPx(�`xqvP~�wd~({��d|ªw1�¤w��`xH�g�jz6��~M� ¢ �R�d�t�A�d�R{}~({��d|#wd�&x�zY�Cv��R�§wd|#wH�6�A�dx!xqv��P�d��zY~({��d|¥wd|#��{}|��¢ vPxqv�|#�Rvg�

«�¬#­g®1¯=°\±$²j­7³�¯`¬

´�T\@pQ$o§TqFHEA@pQSµ¶TqI6ojT$o§THO�·�T\µfO7ojB6Q=µ!h:FqOsTqI6oJB�TqIAO�QSE6µ¶hJiA@�TRQ=¸�h:µf¹�h:BAOPB-T$QqOPB-THOPB6¸POgQgº1r�BAO.QqhJE6FH¸POhjiso:?A?Y@CTq@nhJB6oJm»µfOgojB6@CBAG�oJFqO�xHv��Cwj~]{��j|A��THoJ¼JOPB�THh�IAhJmp?�D�OPTV½¦OgOPB¨o:?1¾SoJ¸POPB-TtQSOgB-TqOPB�¸�OgQ�¿qQqU-B-TRoJ¸�TH@�À¸PoJmCmnUYÁ�¸PhJBAB6Og¸�THOg?�½X@�THIA@CBfo�mnoJFqG:OPF\?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO§QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFHOJº1ÂMhd½�OPN:OPF7Ãg@CTlI6oJQ$D`OPOgB�NJOgFqU�?A@�Ä�¸�E6m�T&TqhQHo1U�½XI6odTt?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�FqOgmnojTq@nhJB6Q�THIAOPFHO�ojFHOJÃYOP@CTqI6OPFXTHIAOPh:FqOPTq@p¸PojmnmnU�Å�ƨoJBAB*ojB6?�ǧIAh:µ!¹�QSh:B»ÃÉÈgÊ:ËJËAÌÍ�OPI6mCOgFgÃ6ÎJÏJÏ:ÎAÌYÐtQqIAOPFMoJB6?LÑ=oJQH¸PoJFq@p?YO7QPÃ:i�hJFqTqI6¸PhJµf@nBAG-Ò¦hJFXOgµf¹A@CFH@p¸PojmnmnU�Å�Í�BAhJTST7ûÈgÊ:ÊJÓ:Ò�º

Í�BAhJTSTgÔ Q�Ogµ!¹6@CFH@n¸gojmsojTSTqOgµf¹YT�Tqh*@p?YOgB:TH@�i�U�ojB�?�¸RI�ojFRoJ¸�THOPFH@nQqO*��z6v��A�Yxqw1�Pv���o:Q�OPN�@p?YOPB6¸POfi�hJF�d{p�P�R�dzYxR�PvcxqvP�Cwd~({��d|6��@nmCmnE6QSTqFRodTHOgQ�QqhJµfOfhji.THIAO�?Y@CÄ�¸�EAmCTq@nOgQgº=Í�BAhJTST�E6QqOg?�TqIAOfi�h:mCmnhd½X@nBAG�TqIAOghJFHU:ÀBAOgEYTqFRojm=TqOgQSTMTHh�@n?AOPB-Tq@Ci�U�¸PEAO�¹AI6FHo:QSO7QPÕ6Ö6hJFto�¹�hJTqOPB-TH@noJm\¸�E6O�¹AIAFRoJQqO�×�@nB*B6ojTqEAFRojmnmCUchY¸P¸�E6FqFH@CB6GTqOP·�TgÃ:¸PhJB6Qq@p?YOPF&@nB�@nQqhJmpodTH@Ch:B�TqI6OM¸�mpojE6QqOX@CBf½XIA@p¸RI!@�T¦oJ¹A¹`OgojFRQgº7´�i#THIAOM¸�mpojE6QqOXoj¹A¹`OgoJFHQ$@nB6¸�h:µf¹AmCOPTqO½X@CTqIAh:EYTsojB�o:?1¾SoJ¸POPB-T\mnO�i}Tl¸�h:B:THO�·�TgÃ1½XIA@nmnO.@CTloJ¹A¹`OgojFRQ=¸PhJµf¹AmnO�THO¦@Ci`×!@pQ=FHOPµfhdNJO7?ÉÃgTqIAOgB!×!@pQ\o�¸�EAO¹AIAFRoJQqOJº`Í�BAhjTqTgÔ QXTHOgQST�¹AFHhY?YE6¸�O7?*o�BAh:BYÀ(OP·YI6ojE6QSTq@nNJO�[email protected]`hJEYT�ÎjÏJÏ�?A@�Ø#OPFHOPB-T�¹6IAFHo:QSO7Q§i�FHhJµÎJÎJÓX¹6oJGJOgQ=hji�TqOP·�TgºdÂMO.TqIAOgB�odTqTqOPµf¹YTHOg?�Tqht¸RI6oJFHo:¸�THOPFH@CÙgO&TqIAO�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSOsFHOPmpodTH@Ch:B=Å�QRÒɸPhJB�NJOgUJOg?�D�UOgo:¸RIc¹6IAFHo:QSO�D�U�@p?YOPB-Tq@Ci�U�@CB6G!½XI6OPB�Å�ojmn½§o1U�QgÃYQSh:µfO�Tq@nµfOgQgÃYBAOPN:OPF�Òsh:BAO�¹AIAFRoJQqO�¸PhJEAmp?�QSEAD�QVTH@�THEYTqOi�hJFfojB6hjTqI6OPF�@nB�o*½§o1U TqI6ojT¤¹AFHOgQqOPFHNJO7? µfO7ojBA@nBAG6º&ÂMO�TqIAOgB�QqIAhd½¦O7?�IAhd½ÚTqIAO7QSO�QSE6D6QVTH@�THEYTq@nhJB¹6ojTSTqOgFqB�QM¸�h:EAmn?�D`O�o�¸�h:B6QqOgÛ-EAOPB�¸�O�hjiso�QqO�TMhjilQqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸�i�OgojTqEAFHOgQtojB6?cTqI6OP@nFMNdojmnEAOgQgº6WXh:EAGJIAmnUQq¹�O7oj¼�@CB6G6ûh:BAO�¸�EAO�¹AIAFRoJQqOf¸PhJEAmp?Üwd���.wj�1��QSEAD�QVTH@�THEYTqO�i�h:F�ojB6hjTqI6OPF�@CiX@�T�I6o:?�TqIAO�QHojµfO�QqO�T�hJii�OgojTqEAFHOgQXoJB6?�NdojmnEAOgQgÃ#�P�d��v�~({}�fv���?AhfQqhf@�i&@CTM½�o:Q§mCO7QqQXQq¹�O7¸�@CÝ�¸�TqI6oJB�TqIAO�hJTqIAOgFX@CB�TqOgFqµ�Q§hJi\@CTHQi�OgojTqEAFHO�NdojmnEAOgQgÃAojB�?�|#v��dv�x§?Yh�Qqhf@�i$TqIAOg@CFXNdoJmCEAO7QM¸�h:BYÞ6@p¸�THOg?�i�hJFXhJB6O�h:FXµfhJFHO�i�O7odTHEAFqO7QPº

ß�U�o:QqQqEAµf@nBAGfTqI6ojT�¸�E6O�¹AIAFRoJQqOgQt¸�hJB-THFq@nDAEYTHO�µ!O7ojBA@nBAG�@nB¨o�EAB6@�i�h:Fqµà½�o1U:Ã6Í�BAhJTSTt½§oJQXmnOg?Tqhco�QSOPTMhjisQqEAFq¹6Fq@pQS@nBAG:mCU�¸PhJµf¹AmnO�·*?Y@nFqO7¸�TqO7?LoJ¸�UY¸PmC@p¸�GJFRoj¹AI�QXFqOgmnojTq@nBAG�¸�E6O�¹AIAFRoJQqOgQ§@nBLTqOgFqµ�QMhJii�OgojTqEAFHOgQ�ojB�?LTqIAOg@CF�NdojmnEAOgQgÃ`OgoJ¸RI*G:FHoJ¹AI*mnh-h-QSOgmCU*¸PhJFHFqO7QS¹`hJB6?A@CBAGfTHhcQqhJµfO�i�oJµf@CmnULhji.?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOFHOPmpodTq@nhJB�QPº§ß�EYT�½XI�odTc@Ci�THIAO FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B6ojm�µfOgojB6@CBAGá¸�h:B-N:OPU:Og?�D�Uܸ�EAO�¹AIAFRoJQqOgQc¸�hJE6mn?â@CBÜi�o:¸�T@nB:THOPFRoJ¸�T�½X@�THIª?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSOfµfOgoJBA@nBAG¨@nB¥µ�EAmCTq@n¹AmnO�½�o1UYQRã�ǧIAOgBªÍ�BAhjTqTgÔ Q�QqEAD6QSTq@CTqEYTH@Ch:B¥¹6odTqTqOPFHB6Qojµfh:BAG�¸PEAO¦¹6IAFHo:QSO7Q»µ�o1U�I6o1NJO.FqOPÞ6Og¸�TqOg?�TqIAO7QSO�¸�h:µ!¹6mCOP·�@CB-TqOgFHo:¸�TH@Ch:B6QPÃ7oJQ\½¦OgmCm�oJQ=TqI6O¦µfOgoJBA@nBAG:Qhji&@nB6?Y@nN-@p?YE6oJm=¸�E6O�¹6IAFHo:QSO7Q�TqIAOgµ�QSOgmCN:OgQgº

ä�å$æ çgæ£è(æ£é�êtéRëAì}ê7ëCé�í(îMïHð]æ£ñVèqòdó=ê1æ ç�ôVí(è]æ ð}õMéRë�ö�÷1æ£êPø1ù1í(ú�û:òdü§ý#ù1ñVñVþ£ôVù1ñ�û�ÿ�þ�ïRñVô�ò1ö`÷1æ£êPø1ù1í]ú�û�ó���ö�������� �ö��}îMïRæ£þ��PøJé�ê7ê1æ£ô�� �ÉôVø1øjôSí��$ôV÷�� ïRñ�� ù��

ñ��� ������\è(è(éPñVæ�ïHð(æ£é�êtëné�í��#é�î��1ù7ð(ïHð]æ£é�êdïRþ ��æ£ê1ú�ù7æ£è]ð]æ£ñSè

Page 2: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

b

seq

d

contrast

c

cb

elaboration

elaboration

a seq

a d

seq contrast

(i)(ii)IKJMLFN5O,PRQ

S "$7T7T-9D(2/<>UV-/7T8H"$'(G.7T<�7�)TG.'(8H).'(G.<XW�"1GXY[Z(*1#&%�29<>=$\�Y�*38^]_G."`"1)X*10�Ua-90`).<HG.0 *32�0("AU(<�-97b2/*1DF<2929<�UcD`de).]�<f)gdV%F<"1W[G.<H2h*,).-9"$0i).] *,)bjk-9<DF<�)+*1l$<7b)."m]�"12hU_DF<H)gn�<<0c).](<�U�*3'�61]A).<^G.7f"3W�).] *,)f0�"AU(<1\5op-hq�'�7T<H7X*30i0(rs*,GTdD(G+*30�8+]�-90�6atuTvHw�u^xFy+ubG.<2/*3).-9"$0�@�nK]�-929<�-90zop-9-hq^@{tHuTvHw�u^xFy+uf-97KD�-90 *,GTdcDVG+*10(8^](-/0(6(\

ǧIA@pQ�¹�oj¹`OPF¤oJFqG:EAOgQ�TqI6ojT!¸�E6O�¹AIAFRoJQqOgQc�J�c?YOP¹`OPB6?�hJBªoJBAhjTHIAOPF¤µ!O7¸RI6ojB6@nQqµ i�h:F¤¸PhJB�NJOgU:À@nBAG�OP·-THFHojÀ�QqOPB-THOPB-Tq@pojm\µ!O7ojBA@nBAGi|*QS¹`Og¸P@�Ý`¸PojmnmnUJÃ$wj|`wR�A�A�jxqwdº&r�BAO�OgoJFqmnU�IA@CB-T�TqI6ojT�o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojm$¸�EAO¹AIAFRoJQqOgQ�Å]¸PoJmCmnOg?�IAOgFqO��d{p�P�R�dzYxR�Pvf�R�d|�|`vR��~({}�dv��SÒ§µf@nGJI-TXD�O�oJB6oj¹6IAhJFH@n¸�¸PoJBLD�O�i�h:EAB6?�@CB*oJBLÐ>}�ѽ�hJFH¼�QqIAh:¹¨¹6oj¹`OPF�@nB ½XI6@n¸RI�~:oJB�U�¸PO_�Ü@nOPD`O¨ÅVÈ7ÊJÊV�-ÒXE6QqOg?�TqI6O¤i�h:mCmnhd½X@nBAG�OP·YoJµf¹AmCO¤Tqh*Û-EAO7QVTH@Ch:BTqI6O�oJ?YO7Û:E�oJ¸�U�hji=THFqOgO�QVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FqO7Q.i�h:Ft?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOJº

ÅSÈ7ÒcoAº6ǧI6O�¸gojFX½§oJQ¦Ý6B6oJmCmnUc¸PhJµf@nBAG!Tqhd½§ojFR?�IA@nµLºD»º6ÂtO�� }¦IAOgO,�»Ý�BA@nQqIAO7?cI6@nQX?Y@pojG:BAh:QSTq@p¸�TqO7QVTRQPøjºYi�OgOPmn@CB6G�FqOgmC@nO�iVº?ɺ5�MzY~.~��AvP|fTqIAO�¸gojFMQSTHoJFSTHOg?�Tqh!TqEAFHBLFq@nGJI-T7º

ǧIAOf¹AFHhJDAmnOPµ QqIAO!BAhjTHOg?¨½§oJQtTqI�odT�TqIAOf?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO¤¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO7Q!�PzY~&ojB6?�~}�6v�|Loj¹A¹`OgoJF�Tqh�mn@nBA¼¸�mpojE�QSO!ÅVÈg?�Ò&Tqh�TV½¦h¤?Y@�Ø#OPFHOPB-T¦TqIA@nBAG:QgÕ$¿VTqI6OPB6Á�Tqh¤¸PmnoJE6QqO�ÅVÈgD�Òs@nB�o���v�Pz6v�|#�RvlFHOPmpodTq@nhJBc|f@]º OJºnÃ:TqIAO¸PoJF�QSTHojFqTq@nBAG�TqhLTHEAFHB�FH@nGJI-T�D�Og@CB6GLTqIAO�BAOP·�T�FqOgmCOgNdojB-T�OPNJOgB-T�odi}TqOgFa}¦IAOPO:Ô Q�Ý6BA@pQSIA@nBAG*IA@pQ�THOgQSTHQ|LoJB6?�¿SD6EYTHÁfTHhco�G:Fqh:EA¹A@nBAG�hjis¸PmnoJE6QSO7Q�ÅSÈgo:ÒMojB6?¥ÅSÈg¸gÒ�|c@(º O:ºCÃ`FqOg¹�h:FSTH@CB6G�o�¸�h:B:THFHo:QVT�D�OPTV½¦OgOPB»ÃhJB�THIAO�h:BAO�I6oJB6?ÉÃ�}¦I6OPOJÔ Q�ojTSTq@CTqE�?YO�THhd½�oJFH?AQ�THIAO�¸gojF�¸PhJµf@CB6G*Tqhd½§ojFR?AQ�IA@nµ oJB6?�IA@pQ�i�OgOPmn@CBAGhjisFHOPmn@nO�isojB6?»Ã�h:BLTqIAO¤hjTqI6OPFtI�ojB6?ÉÃ�IA@pQ�QqOPOg@CBAG�TqIAO!¸PojFMTqEAFHBA@nBAG�FH@CG:I:T7º\Å��Ü@COgD�Of?Yh�OgQqB»Ô TtGJ@nNJO�oB6oJµ!O¤TqhcTqI6O¤FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B�QSI6O¤¹`h:Qq@�TRQtD`O�TV½�OPOgB�ÅSÈg?6Ò�ojB6?¨TqIAO!GJFHhJE6¹A@CB6G�hji�ÅVÈgo-ÒMoJB6?�ÅSÈg¸gÒ�Ã#DAEYT�@�Toj¹6¹�O7ojFRQ�TqhfD�O�QqhJµfO�i�hJFHµ hJi§�R�d|�~]xHw1��~]º£Ò

´�i�TqIAO7QSOLFHOPmpodTq@nhJB�Q!oJFqOcTHoJ¼JOgBªTqh¥D`O�TqIAO*D�oJQq@nQ¤i�hJF�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOLQVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFHOJÃlQqhJµfOL¹�h-QqQq@nDAmCO?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFHOgQMi�hJFXTHIA@pQtOP·YoJµf¹AmCO�oJFqO�G:@CN:OPB*@nB¨Ö$@CG:EAFqO�ÈJº{��E�¸RI¨QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFHOgQtµf@CG:I:T�QSOgOPµoJ?AN1oJB-THojG:OPh:E6Qs@nB�oJmCmnhd½X@nBAG�THIAO�QqOPµ�oJB:TH@n¸gQ.hJi»TqI6O�OP·Aojµf¹AmnOtTHh¤D`O�¸PhJµf¹AEYTHOg?�?Y@nFqO7¸�TqmnUfD�U�¸�hJµ!À¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B6ojmsFHEAmnOgQ�oJB6?�?YO�i�O7oJQq@CD6mCO�@nBYi�OPFHOPB�¸�OJº\ÂMhd½�OPNJOgFgÃÉD`hjTHI¥QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFHOgQ�ojFHOf?A@CFHOg¸�TqOg?�o:¸�UY¸�mn@n¸GJFRoj¹6I6QLÅ��MÐ���QRÒ�Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸�mn@n¸P@�TVU�TqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸�h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT�BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD�O*¸PhJBABAO7¸�THOg?ɺ�t@nOP½�Og?LQqU�B:TRoJ¸�Tq@p¸PojmnmnUJÃYojFHDA@CTqFRojFHUi�tÐ��&��oJFqO�¸�h:µ!¹6mCOPTqOPmnU�EAB�¸�hJB�QVTHFHoJ@CBAO7?�QqUYQVTHOPµ�QPºAǧI6OPU�QqEADYÀQSTHojB-TH@noJmCmnU�¸PhJµf¹Amn@n¸godTHO�@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTq@nNJO�FHEAmnOgQ§i�h:F�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOJÃA@nB*hJFR?YOPFMi�hJFMTHIAh:QqO�FHEAmnOgQ§THh�oJ¸g¸�hJE6B:Ti�hJF.TqIAOtFqOgmnojTq@nNJOXQq¸PhJ¹`OXhjiÉEABAFHOPmpodTHOg?!hJ¹`OPFRodTHhJFRQlojB6?!THIAOt¸PhJB-TqFH@CD6EYTq@nhJBfhji»QqU�B:TRoJ¸�Tq@p¸§BAhY?YOgQl½X@CTqIojFHDA@CTqFRojFH@CmnU�µ�ojB�U�¹6oJFqOgB-THQgº/�

��O�ojFHOtB6hjT�¸PhJµfµf@�TqTqO7?�Tqh�TqFHOPO7Q.oJQ.TqI6Otmn@Cµf@CTq@nBAG!¸goJQqOMhji=?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOtQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHOJº�ÖAhJF¦O�·Aojµ!À¹AmnOJÃA½�O�ojG:FqOgOJÃ�D�U�ojB�?�mpojFHGJO:ÃY½X@�THIcTHIAO�ojB�ojmnU�[email protected]ߧojTqOPµ�oJB�ÅSÈgÊJÊ:Ê:Ò.GJ@nNJO7Q¦hJi

� ��í(ô�çgæ£ô.�#ôSí»ûdïRè=è(ù7ú�ú�ôSè�ð(ôV÷�ïRê�ïRþ ð(ôVí]êdïHð(æ ç�ô.ïRêdïRþ õgè(æ£è=éRë[� �^� æ£ê��=û1æ£ñ�û�ñVþ�ïRù1è]ô�� � ï � æ£èK�^� �1�s�,�����p���.ø�õ�ñVþ�ïRù1è]ô� � ø � �\û7æ£ñ�û�æ£è»æ£êMð(ù1í]êc�+� �3�g�����,�����¦ø�õe� � ñ � òJïRê1÷�ñVþ�ïRù1è]ô�� � ÷ � è�ð�ïRê1÷7è\æ£ê�øJéRð]û�ï>�T���^�$�^�A���=í(ôVþ�ïHð]æ£é�ê�ïRê1÷�ï�����`���������-í(ôVþ�ïHð(æ£é�ê��=æ ð(ûMð]û1ôlè(ôVú�îXôVêPð=ïRè=ïK�\û7é�þ£ô,�1�û7æ£þ£ô$ð(û7æ£è=îXæ£ú�û�ð»ïR÷1÷7í(ôVè(è[cæ£ôSøjô�� è��1í(é�ø7þ£ôSî�òPð]û1ôlí(ôVè(ù7þ ðæ£è»è]ð]æ£þ£þ�ï�å;�� ¦òdïRê7÷�è(ù7ñ�û�ïX¡$¢>�=æ£þ£þJê1éRð$ïR÷1÷1í(ôVè]è=ð]û1ôsïR÷1÷1æ ð]æ£é�êdïRþ�ôT¢7ïRî��1þ£ôVè;�#ôb�1í(ôVè(ôVê�ð=æ£êm£gôVñ�ð]æ£é�ê � ò�=û1ôVí(ôsïX�1ù1í(ôVþ õtè]ð]í(ù7ñVð]ù1í(ïRþYïRñVñSé�ù7êPð\è]ð]æ£þ£þ-í]ô+¤Pù1æ£í]ôSè=å��� $è;�=æ ð]û�ñVí(é�è]è(æ£ê1ú§ïRí(ñVè^�

Î

Page 3: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

Å(ÎJÒª©3©1© Å�N-@}ÒcǧIAO�Ý�FHQST�THhá?Yh�TqI6ojT�½�OPFHO*THIAO���OgFqµ�oJB¥¾VOP½�OPmnmCOgFHQgÃ�Å�N�@C@}Ò�@CB¶¹6ojFqTq@p¸�EAmpojFÍ�mnoJE6Q.ß�EAFH@nOJº�Å�N�@C@n@pÒ.ÐMB6?�Æ*hJFHFq@pQ&i�h:mCmnhd½¦O7?!NJOPFHU¤Û-EA@p¸R¼�mCUfodi}THOPF7Ã�Å�@�·6ÒlE�QS@nBAG�o�mpoJ¸gÛ-EAO�THFqUTqO7¸RIABA@pÛ:E6OtTHh¤µ�oj¼:OMTHIAO�DAFqh�hY¸RI»Ã#Å}·6Ò¦ojB6?�E6QS@nBAGfoJ¸PFqU�mn@n¸gQPÃ`Å}·Y@pÒ�oJB6?�OP·�¹6mCh:Fq@nBAG�THIAO�E6QSOhjil¸�h:mCh:EAFgÃÉÅ�·�@n@}Ò§ojB6?L¸�h:mCh:EAF§@nQtojBAhJTqIAOgF¦THIA@nBAGfTqI6ojTM½�o:Q§BAOP½4odTXTHI6odTXTH@CµfO«©3©1©

@nB�½XI6@n¸RI*¸�mpojE�QSO�Å�@C·6Ò§QVTRojB6?6QX@CB*o���wd|6|#v�x�FHOPmpodTq@nhJB�½X@CTqI*¸�mpojE6QqO�Å�N�@n@C@}Ò�ÃA½XI6@n¸RIL@nBcTHEAFHBLQSTHoJB6?AQ@nB�o¨�Rz6�R�Rv��H��{��j|�Å�@]º OJºnûQSO7Û-EAOPB6¸PO7ÒtFqOgmnojTq@nhJB¨½X@CTqI�¸�mpojE6QqOcÅ�N�@pÒ�º»Ç§IA@nQ�@pQ�@CmnmCE�QVTHFHojTqOg?¨@CB�Ö$@CG:EAFqOfÎYº´�TM@pQMoi�MÐ�� Å�FHojTqIAOgF§TqI6oJB*o�THFqOgO7Ò�ÃYDAEYTt½X@CTqIAh:EYTt¸�FHh:QHQq@CBAG!?YOP¹`OPB�?YOPB6¸P@CO7QPº

(ix)(vi)

succession manner

(viii)IKJMLFN5O,P­¬¨V-9#&%(2/<C#E'�2®).-®r�% *,G.<0`)b7�)TG.'�8H).'VG.<

��h�@CTt@pQXTqI6O�¸�h-QVTMhJi&µfhdN�@nBAGfTqh�wjxP��{}~(xqwdx��e�tÐ���QXi�hJF�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFqO�THI6odT�½¦O�i�OgOPm\@nQTqh�hfGJFHOgojT.THh!D`O�THoJ¼JOPBcmC@nGJI-THmCU:ºAǧIA@nQ�@pQ§½XI6odT§I6o:Q§mCO7?�E6Q�THh!mnh�hJ¼!i�hJFMoJBAhjTHIAOPF�O�·Y¹AmpojB�odTq@nhJB�i�hJFTqI6OgQqO�ojB6?�hjTHIAOPFXOP·Aojµf¹AmnOgQ�hjiloj¹A¹�ojFHOPB-T§¸PhJµf¹AmnO�·LojB6?�¸�FHh:QHQS@nBAGf?YOP¹`OPB�?YOPB6¸P@CO7QX@nBL?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOJº

ǧIAO�¹`h:Qq@CTq@nhJB¥½�O�ojFHGJEAOfi�h:F�@nB¥TqIA@pQ�¹�oj¹`OPF7Ã=@pQ�TqI�odT�½XIA@nmnOcoJ?d¾SoJ¸�OgB6¸�U�ojB6?�OP·Y¹AmC@p¸�@CT¤¸PhJBYÀ¾VEAB6¸�Tq@nhJB¥Å�¸Ph�hJFR?Y@CB�odTq@nBAGf¸�h:Bd¾VEAB6¸�Tq@nhJB6QXQqE6¸RILoJQf¿qoJB6?AÁ6Ã$¿qhJFRÁAÃ$¿qQqh:Á!ojB6?�¿SD6EYTHÁ6Ì�QqEAD`hJFR?Y@nB6odTH@CBAG¸�h:Bd¾VEAB6¸�Tq@nhJB�QSE6¸RI¨o:Q�¿HojmCTqIAh:EAGJI�ÁAÃs¿q½XIAOPFHOgo:QqÁ6Ãs¿S½XIAOgB6ÁAÃ`O�TR¸jº£ÒX@nµf¹AmCU¨?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B6QMD`O�ÀTV½�OPOPB¥Å�TqIAO�@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:BchJiHÒXoJ?d¾SoJ¸�OgB-TMhJFM¸�h:Bd¾VhJ@nBAO7?�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�EABA@CTHQgÃ$�j{p���R�jzYxR��vfw:�d�dv�xP�P{�wd�£�QqE6¸RI*oJQ!¿VTHIAOPB6Á6Ãs¿ShJTqIAOgFq½X@pQqOgÁAÃ$¿SB6OPNJOgFSTHIAOPmnOgQHQHÁ�ojB�?�¿q@CB�QVTHOgoJ?6Á¤oJFqO�wd|#wH�6�A�dxR��Ã`QS@nGJB6oJmCmn@nBAG!o!FHO�ÀmpodTq@nhJBcD�OPTV½¦OgOPB�TqIAO�@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJB�hJi»TqI6OP@nFXµfojTqFH@�·�¸PmnoJE6QSO�ojB�?�ojBcOPB-Tq@CTVU�@nB�hJFX?YOgFq@nNJO7?fi�FHhJµTqI6O�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�¸�h:B-TqO�·�T7ºAǧIA@nQM¹�h-QS@CTq@nhJB�I6oJQ�i�h:EAFMoJ?AN1oJB-THojG:OgQgº

È:º1KtB6?YOgFHQSTHoJB6?Y@nBAG�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojmpQ�o:QXojB6oJ¹AIAh:FHQ�FHOg¸�h:GJBA@pQqOgQ¦TqIAOg@CF��RvR�Awj�g{��jxqwd���{}�¤{}�Cwjx�{}~]��½X@CTqI�THIAO�¹AFHhJBAh:EAB6Q§ojB6?L?YOPÝ6BA@CTqO�BAh:EABL¹AIAFRoJQqOgQ�Å�¯�k.QRÒ¦TqI6ojTMojFHO�THIAO¿SDAFHOgo:?coJB6?cDAEYTSTHOPFRÁfhji$¹AFqOgN�@Ch:E6Q§½¦h:Fq¼�h:B�oJB6oj¹6IAhJFRoAºYǧIA@pQ§@nQt?Y@nQH¸�E�QqQqOg?c@CB��Og¸�Tq@nhJB�ÈJº

ÎAº1ß�U�E6B6?YOPFRQSTHojB�?Y@CB6GfoJB6?�O�·Y¹AmnhJFH@CB6G�THIAO�i�EAmnm»FHoJBAGJO�hJi\¹AIAOgBAhJµfOgB6o¤i�hJFX½XIA@p¸RI*ojBojB6oJ¹AIAh:Fq@p¸�o:¸P¸PhJEAB-TX@nQtoj¹A¹AFHhJ¹6Fq@podTHOJÃ�½¦O�¸gojB�D�OPTSTqOgFt¸RI6oJFHo:¸�TqOgFq@pQqO�ojB�oj¹AIAh:FHQ§oJB6??YOPN�@pQSO�µfh:FqO�oJ¸g¸�EAFRodTHO�oJmCG:hJFH@�THIAµ�Q¦i�hJFXFHOgQqhJmnN-@nBAG¤TqIAOgµLº6ǧIA@pQX@nQ§OP·Y¹AmCh:FqO7?�@nB��Og¸�Tq@nhJB¨ÎYº

�6º1ÐtB�U�TqI6OPhJFHU�hjil?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�µ¤E6QVTtQSTq@nmnm»¹AFHhdN-@p?YO�ojB*oJ¸g¸�h:EAB-T�hJi$IAhd½4ofQSO7Û:E6OPB6¸PO�hJioJ?1¾So:¸�OgB:TM?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�EABA@CTHQ�Å]¸�mpojE6QqOgQgÃAQSOgB-TqOPB�¸�OgQgÃAojB�?�THIAO�mnoJFqG:OPF§EABA@CTHQXTqI6ojTXTqIAOgUc¸PoJB¸�h:µ!¹6Fq@pQSO1Ò¦µ!O7ojB6Q§µfh:FqO�TqI�ojB!¾VE6QSTXTqIAO�QqEAµ hJi\@CTHQM¸PhJµf¹`hJBAOgB:TXEAB6@�TRQPº`ǧIA@nQ§@pQMo!GJh-ojmTqI6ojTMFqO7QSO7ojFR¸RIAOPFRQ¦I6o1NJO�D�OgOPBL¹AEAFRQqEA@CB6G¤i�h:FMQSh:µfO�TH@CµfO:Ã6E6Qq@CB6G!D`hjTHIª�H�j�M�6�1��{}~({��d|#wd�FqE6mCO7QXojB6?L?YOPi�OgoJQq@nDAmCO�@nBYi�OPFHOPB�¸�O�Tqh�?YOPTqOgFqµf@nBAO�TqIAO7QSO�o:?A?Y@CTq@nhJB6oJm»oJQq¹�O7¸�THQMhjiµfOgojB6@CBAG�ºnÅ]ÐtQqIAOPFMoJB6?LÑ=o:Qq¸gojFH@n?YO7QPÃ`ÈgÊ:ÊJÊ6ÌF��oJFH?AOPB-TgÃÉÈ7ÊJÊ�°YÌYÂMhJD6D6Q§O�TtoJm]ºnûÈgÊ:ÊV�6ÌÍ�OPIAmnOPF7Ã6ÎjÏ:Ï:ÎAÌ�k&h:mnoJB�U-@ÉoJB6?�NdoJBL?AOPBLߦOgFqG�ÃÉÈgÊ:ÊJÓA̱�Y¸RI�o!oJB6?�k&hJmpojB�U�@]Ã#ÈgÊ:ËJË6Ì�Y¸RIA@nmn?AOPF7ûÈgÊ:Ê�°do6Ì �A¸RIA@Cmp?YOgFgÃÉÈ7ÊJÊ�°dD»Ì�NdojB*?YOPBLß�OPFHG6ÃÉÈ7ÊJÊJÓ-Ò�ºYß�U�i�oJ¸�Tqh:Fq@nBAGfhJEYT§THI6odT¹�h:FSTH@Ch:BchJi&?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�QSOgµfoJB-Tq@p¸PQ�TqI�odTt¸PoJBcD`O�I6oJB6?YmnOg?�D�U�µfOg¸RI6oJBA@nQqµ�QXojmnFqO7oJ?YUBAOPO7?YOg?ci�h:FXFqO7QSh:mCN�@nBAG¤hJTqIAOgF§i�hJFHµ�Q§hjilojB6oJ¹AIAhJFRo�oJB6?L?YOP@C·Y@nQgÃ�TqI6OPFHO�@nQ§mnOgQHQ§BAOPO7?cTqhQVTHFqOPTH¸RILojB6?�¹`h:QHQS@nDAmnU�?Y@pQVTHhJFqTM¸�hJµf¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B6ojmÉFHEAmnOgQXoJB6?c?AO�i�Ogo:QS@nDAmnO�@CBAi�OPFHOPB6¸PO�THhI6ojB�?YmCO�OgNJOgFqU-TqI6@CBAG�º ²MÆ*hJFHOPhdN:OPF7Ã:FHOg¸PhJGJB6@nQq@CB6G�TqI6O�¹�h-QqQq@CD6@Cmn@�TVUchji\TV½¦h�QqOP¹6oJFHojTqO

üC³»û1ôVí(ôlæ£è=ïRê�ïRêdïRþ£é�ú�é�ù1è$è]æ ð(ù1ïHð(æ£é�ê�ïHð\ð]û1ôlè(ôVê�ð(ôVê1ñVô.þ£ô�ç�ôSþpò1�=û1ôVí(ô&ð]û1ôsí(ôVþ�ïHð(æ£é�ê7è(û1æ®�tøjôVðp�#ôSôVê�è�õ7ê�ð�ïRñ�ð]æ£ñè�ð(í]ù1ñ�ð(ù1í]ô.ïRê1÷�ñVé�î��jé�è(æ ð]æ£é�êdïRþ-è]ôVîMïRêPð]æ£ñVè=æ£è»è]æ£î��1þ£æ ¡dôV÷MøPõMënïRñVð]é�í(æ£ê7úXï+�»ïVõ�æ£ê�ð]ôSí��}è(ôVê�ð(ôVê�ð(æ�ïRþAïRê1ï�1û1é�í(æ£ñí]ôSþ�ïHð]æ£é�ê1è+�A�\ôVí(ô\ð(û1ôlënïRñ�ð(é�í]æ£è�ïHð]æ£é�ê�æ£è»è(é¦é�øPçgæ£é�ù1è\ð]ûdïHð\é�ê1ôl÷1éPôVè\ê1éRð\ô�ç�ôVê�ð]û1æ£ê���ïRøJé�ùgð&ïRê�õtéRð(û1ôVí�jé�è(è]æ£ø1æ£þ£æ ð}õ,�

Page 4: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

FqOgmnojTq@nhJB6Q�Å�hJBAO�?YOgFq@nNJO7?coJB6oj¹6IAhJFH@n¸gojmnmCU�oJB6?chJBAO�oJQHQqh�¸P@nojTqO7?�½X@CTqI¨oJ?d¾SoJ¸�OgB6¸�U�oJB6?{´dhJFo�QVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FHoJm#¸PhJBAB6Og¸�TH@CN:O7Ò�oJ?Aµ!@CTHQtoJ?A?Y@CTq@nhJB�ojmÉFH@n¸RIAB6OgQHQ�Tqh�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�QqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQgºß�hjTqIL¹`hJ@nB-THQXojFHO�?Y@pQq¸PE6QqQqOg?�i�EAFqTqIAOgFM@nBz��O7¸�TH@Ch:Bz�6º

µ�º1KtB6?YOgFHQSTHoJB6?Y@nBAG�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojmpQ�o:QXojB6oJ¹AIAh:FHQ§ojmnmnhd½MQ¦E�Q§Tqh�QqOPO�µfhJFHO�¸PmCO7ojFHmCUIAhd½¶o!mnO�·Y@p¸Pojmn@pQSO7?coJ¹A¹AFHh:oJ¸RI�Tqh!TqI6O�¸�hJµf¹AEATHodTH@Ch:BLhji$¸PmnoJE6QHojm»QqU-B-TRod·coJB6?cQqOPµ�oJB:TH@n¸gQO�·�TqOgB6?AQXB�odTqE6FHoJmCmnU�Tqh!THIAO�¸�h:µ!¹6EYTHojTq@nhJB�hjil?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�QSU�B-THoj·cojB�?cQqOPµ�ojB-TH@n¸gQPùAFHhdN-@p?Y@nBAG�ofQS@nBAGJmnO�QSU�B-THo:¸�TH@n¸�ojB�?cQqOPµ�ojB-TH@n¸�µ�odTHFq@C·�½X@CTqIL½XIA@p¸RIcTHh�oJQHQShY¸P@nojTqOQS¹`OgoJ¼JOgFX@CB-TqOgB-Tq@nhJB6QXoJB6?�hJTqIAOgFMoJQq¹�O7¸�TRQ§hji&¹AFHoJGJµ�odTH@n¸gQPºÉÅg��Og¸�Tq@nhJBzµ-Ò

ǧIAO�o:¸P¸�h:EAB-TM½¦O�¹6FqhdN�@p?YO�IAOPFHO�@nQtµfOgojB-TXTHh�D�O�¸PhJµf¹6ojTq@nDAmCO�½X@CTqI¨¸PEAFHFqOgB:TtoJ¹A¹AFHh:o:¸RIAOgQ¦Tqh?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�QSOgµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQ�QSE6¸RI¨o:Q>��W&Ç Å�Í�oJµ!¹¨oJB6?¨WXOgU�mCO:Ã\È7ÊJÊV�6ÌYNdojB�>.@ ¾S¸R¼LojB6?�Í�ojµf¹»Ã=È7ÊJÊ °jÒ�Ã��U-B�ojµf@n¸¶��OPµ�oJB:TH@n¸gQ�Åg�-Tqh:¼-I6hji�ojB6?·��Fqh�OPB6OPB6?Y@ ¾V¼#ÃtÈ7ÊJÊJÊ-Ò�Ã.oJB6?�OPN:OPB¸�F��W&Ç Å�Ð�QSIAOgFgÃ�ÈgÊ:ÊV�AÌÐtQqIAOgF!oJB6?�Ñ\oJQH¸PojFH@p?YOgQgÃÉi�hJFqTqI�¸�hJµf@nBAG-Òm|�EAB�?YOPFRQVTHh�h�?�oJQ!o¨FHOP¹[email protected]¸RIAOPµfO�FRodTHIAOPFTqI�ojBªojB�@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�Tq@nNJOfµfOg¸RI�ojBA@pQSµLº»´�T�@pQ�oJmnQqhLµ!O7ojB-T�Tqh*D`O�¸�h:µf¹6odTH@CDAmnO�½X@CTqI�µfhJFHO�?YO�TRoj@nmCO7?ojB�ojmnU�QqOgQ�hji¦TqIAOfµfOgoJBA@nBAG�oJB6?¨E�QSOfhji¦@CB6?A@CN�@p?YE6ojms?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO¤o:?YNJOgFqD6@noJmnQgÃ`QqE6¸RI�oJQfÅ�~-o1UJOgÙ¤ojB�?WXh-QqQHojFH@]Ã&È7ÊJÊJË:oAÌ�~:o1U:OPÙ!ojB6?�WXh:QHQHojFH@]Ã$ÈgÊ:ÊJËjD=Ì#Ç\FRojEAG:hjTST7Ã&ÈgÊJÊ�¹YÌ#Ç=FRojE6GJhjTqTgÃ&ÈgÊ:Ê�°JÒ�º#´�T�¹AFqhdN�@p?YOgQ½XI6ojT�½�O�D`OPmn@COgNJO�Tqh�D`Ofo�µfhJFHO�¸�h:IAOPFHOPB-T�oJ¸P¸PhJEAB-TthJi§�A�j��?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�µfOgojB6@CBAGc@nQ�¸�h:µf¹AEYTqO7?ÉÃFRodTqI6OPF�TqI6oJB�oJB�oJm�THOPFHB6odTH@CN:O�o:¸P¸�h:EAB-T�hJi¦�\�6wd~ÉTHI6odTXµfOgoJBA@CB6G¤@pQ§hJF��\�Awj~.�(�6vRwg�:v�x�{}|�~�vP|6~({��d|6�s@�T@pQXD�Og@CB6G�E6QSO7?�THh�oJ¸RIA@nOPN:OJº

º¼» ³�½7²J¯`±=®`½$¾R¿�°�À{¾-®�Á$³s±Ã�½«Â±½«¿c¬�±Ä�Å$¯6®`½

º5Æ�ºR» ³s½g²:¯�±\®`½1¾R¿c°;À5¾-®$Á&³�Â�Ã�½�°$¯¥¬\¯�­iÁf¾ Å�Â(À{¾¼Ã]³¥Ç5¾ ÈÉ­g®d±\²J­g±\®�Â�Ã>É�¯`¬$¬�¾�²j­7³¥À5¾�½��O�THoJ¼JO�THIAO�DAE6@Cmp?Y@nBAG�DAmnhY¸R¼�Qthji&TqI6O�µfh:QSTtD6oJQq@p¸�mCOgNJOgm»hjis?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFHO�THh�D�O�O�·Y¹Amn@n¸P@�T��~]x�z6�P~(zYxqwd�l�R�d|6|#vR��~({}�1v��tD`O�TV½�OPOgB oJ?d¾SoJ¸�OgB-T�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�EABA@CTHQ�Å�@]º OJºnû¸�h�h:FH?Y@nB6ojTq@nBAG�ojB�?�QqEAD�h:FH?A@�ÀB6ojTq@nBAGc¸PhJBd¾VEAB�¸�Tq@nhJB�QPÃ#ojB6? ¿S¹6oJ@CFHOg?AÁ�¸PhJBd¾VE6B6¸�TH@Ch:B6Q�QqE6¸RI�o:Q�¿qBAhjTth:BAmnU�ºnºnº�DAEAT�oJmnQqh:Á6Ãs¿Sh:BLTqIAOhJB6OXI6ojB6?�ºnºCº:hJB!TqI6OMhjTHIAOPFMÅ�I6ojB6?�ÒVÁAÃ:O�TR¸jº£Ò&ojB6?�{}| ¢ vPx�xqvR�¤xqvP�Cwd~({��d|6�$D`O�TV½�OPOgBfo:?1¾SoJ¸POPB-T.?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOEABA@CTHQ�Å�@nB�THIAO¦oJD6QSOgB6QqOlhji6ojB�OP·Y¹AmC@p¸�@CT$QSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFRojmJ¸PhJBAB6Og¸�TH@CN:O7Ò�ºgÂMOgFqO:Ãgo:?1¾SoJ¸POPB6¸PU�@pQ»½XI6ojT»TqFH@nGJGJOgFHQTqI6O�@CBYi�OgFqOgB6¸�O:º5}¦hJB�QS@p?YOPF§THIAO�i�hJmnmnhd½X@CBAG!O�·AoJµ!¹6mCO:Õ

Ås�:Ò�ÊshJE*QqIAhJEAmp?YB»Ô TXTqFHE6QST�~Jh:IAB»º6ÂtO�B6OPNJOgFXFqOPTqEAFHB6Q§½XI6ojTMIAO�D�h:FqFHhd½MQgºÐt?d¾SoJ¸�OgB6¸�U�mnOgo:?AQlTHIAO�IAOgoJFqOgFlTqh¤I-U�¹`hjTHIAOgQq@CÙgOMTHI6odT§o�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOMFqOgmnojTq@nhJB�hJi=QSh:µ!OPTqIA@nBAG�mn@n¼JO!vH©:��`�nwd|`wj~]{��j|�IAh:mn?6Q&D�OPTV½¦OgOPB!TqIAO§TV½�h�¸�mpojE6QqOgQgºjksmpoJ¸P@CB6G�THIAOMQqEAD�h:FH?A@CB6ojTqOX¸�h:Bd¾VEAB6¸�Tq@nhJB*Å�QSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFRojm¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO1Ò!¿SD`Og¸gojE6QqOgÁ¤D�OPTV½¦OgOPB�TqI6O�TV½¦h�¸�mpojE�QSO7Q§¹AFqhdN�@p?YOgQ�µfhJFHO�OPN�@p?YOPB6¸PO�i�hJF§THIA@nQMFqOgmnojTq@nhJB»ºr�EAF�G:h:ojm&@nB�TqIA@pQ�QSO7¸�TH@Ch:B @pQ�Tqh¨¸PhJB�N�@CB6¸PO�THIAO�FHOgoJ?AOPF�TqI6ojT�µfoJB�U��d{p�P�R�dzYxR�Pv�wJ�d�dvPxP��{�wj�£�E|*@nBYÀ¸�mnE6?Y@nBAG¶¿VTqI6OPB6Á6Ãt¿qoJmnQqh:Á6ÃM¿ShJTqIAOgFq½X@pQqOgÁAÃX¿qBAOPN:OPFqTqIAOgmCO7QqQHÁAÃt¿S@nB6QVTHOgo:?AÁ­|�?Yh¨B6hjT¤D`OPI�o1NJO�@nB�TqIA@pQ½§o1UJº

�-THFqE6¸�TqEAFRojm\¸�hJB6BAOg¸�Tq@nNJOgQtojB6?L?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJmnQ§?Yh�I6o1NJO�hJB6O�TqIA@nBAG�@nB¨¸�h:µ!µfh:B»Õ6Ñ»@n¼JONJOgFqD�QPÃdTHIAOPUf¸PoJBfD�hJTqI�D`OtQSOgOPB�oJQsIAOgo:?Y@CB6G�o�¹AFqO7?Y@p¸PodTHO�À�ojFHGJEAµfOgB:Tl¸�h:B6QSTqFHE6¸�TH@Ch:B»ÌjEABAmn@n¼JOMN:OPFHD6QPÃTqI6OP@nF¦ojFHGJE6µ!OgB-THQsoJFqOX@nB6?YOg¹�OgB6?YOPB-T¦¸PmnoJE6QqOgQgºJÖAh:FsO�·Aojµf¹AmnOJÃ:D�hJTqIfTHIAOtQqEAD�h:FH?A@CB6ojTqOM¸PhJBd¾VEAB�¸�Tq@nhJB¿qoji}TqOgFHÁ�oJB6?!TqI6O�oJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojml¿STqIAOgB6Á�Å�@nB�@CTHQ.TqOgµ!¹`hJFRojm`QSOgB6QqO7Òl¸gojB�D`O�QqOPOPB�o:QsDA@nB6oJFqU¤¹AFqO7?Y@p¸PodTHOgQÅ�O:º G�ºCÃ&�Pv�Pz6v�|#�HvHÒ�½XIAh:QqOfojFHGJEAµfOPB-TRQ�oJFqOf¸�mpojE6QHojmnmnU:À�?YOgFq@nNJO7?LOPNJOgB-THQgÃ`½X@CTqI�THIAOfOgojFHmn@COgF�OgNJOPB-T�@CBÝ6FRQVTM¹`h:Qq@CTq@nhJBLojB6?cTqI6O�QSE6¸g¸�OgOg?Y@nBAGfOPN:OPB-TX@CB*QqOg¸�h:B6?ɺ

ß�EYT§TqI6ojTX@nQ�THIAO�hJBAmnU�TqI6@CBAG!THI6odTM?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojmpQ�ojB6?�QVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FHoJm#¸PhJBAB6Og¸�TH@CN:OgQ�I6o1N:O@nB�¸�h:µ!µfh:B»º6ÐtQt½¦O�I6o1NJO�¹`hJ@nB:THOg?Lh:EYTt@nB*OgojFHmn@COgFM¹6oj¹`OPFRQ�Å�� OgDAD�OgFgÃ#Í�BAhJTSTgÃ`ojB6?z~:h:QqIA@(Ã�ÎjÏ:ÏAÈJÌ��OPDAD`OPFfO�T�ojm(ºnæÈ7ÊJÊJÊ:oAÌ���OPD6D�OgF!OPT!oJm]ºnçÈgÊJÊ:ÊjD�Ò�Ã\QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFRojm¦¸PhJBAB6Og¸�TH@CN:OgQ¤I6o1NJO�TV½¦h¨FHOPmnOPNdoJB:T¹AFHhJ¹`OPFqTq@nOgQgÕ$ÅSÈ7ÒtTqI6OPU¨oJ?Aµ!@CT!�R~(xqvP~��R��{}|�y¤hji.¹AFHOg?A@n¸godTqOPÀ�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-Tt?YOg¹�OgB6?YOPB�¸�@nOgQgÌ»ojB6?ªÅ(ÎJÒMTqIAOgU?Yh�BAhJTsoJ?Yµf@CT���xq�d�R�R{}|�y§hji`TqI6h:QqO§?AOP¹`OPB6?YOgB6¸�@nOgQgºJǧIA@pQ&@pQlµfh:QST&h:D�N-@nhJE�Q\@nB!TqIAOM¸goJQqO§hji�¹6FqOg¹�h-QSO7?QqEAD�h:FH?A@CB6ojTqOt¸PhJBd¾VE6B6¸�TH@Ch:B6QtÅ]>l·Aojµf¹AmnO�µ-ÒlhJF�¿q¹6oj@nFqO7?AÁ�¸�h�hJFR?Y@nB6odTHOM¸�h:Bd¾VEAB6¸�Tq@nhJB6Q�Å�>l·AoJµ!¹6mCO˹:Ò�º�Ü@CTqI¨QqE6¸RI�¸PhJBAB6Og¸�TH@CN:OgQgÃ�TqIAO�@nBA@CTq@pojm»¹6FqO7?Y@n¸godTHO�Qq@nGJB6oJmnQ¦TqI�odTM@CTHQ§TV½�h�ojFHGJEAµfOPB-TRQ¦½X@nmnmÉi�hJmnmChd½�º

Å�µ-ÒzÌ���~��A�dzJy1�c~:hJIABL@pQ§GJOPB6OPFHhJE6QgÃ�IAO�@nQ§I�ojFR?�THhfÝ6B6?ɺ

µ

Page 5: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

(i) (ii)

a

b

d

contrast[one/other]

elaboration

comparison[not only/but also]a

b

delaboration

concession[although]

cc

condition[if]

IKJMLFN5O,P­Í§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<�7�)TG.'�8H).'VG.<7f*17T7T"`8-/*,).<�UcnK-®).]zop-hqKY[Z(*1#&%(2/<�ÎE*10�U­op-9-hqKY[Z(*1#&%(2/<�ÏV\

Åg¹JÒÑЧ|¨~}�6v¤�j|`v��Awj|`�dÃ`ÖAFHOg?cmC@n¼JO7Q§D�O7ojB6QgºKЧ|¨~��Av!�d~��AvPx��Awj|`�dÃ�IAOJÔ QXojmnmnOPFHGJ@p¸tTHh!TqIAOgµ�ºÑ»@n¼JO�NJOgFqD6QgÃ�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFRojm`¸�h:BABAOg¸�[email protected]½�TqIAO�?Y@nQSTHoJB6¸�O�D`O�TV½�OPOPB�TqIAO�¹AFHOg?Y@p¸PojTqOtoJB6?�@CTHQ�ojFHGJEYÀµfOPB-THQ\THh�D`Of¿qQSTqFHO�TH¸RI6Og?AÁXhdN:OPF\OPµ�D`Og?6?YOg?¤µ�odTqOgFq@pojm(Ã7½X@�THIAhJEYT&mnh:QHQ=hJiATqIAO§?YOg¹�OgB6?YOPB�¸�U�D`O�TV½�OPOgBTqI6OPµLºYÖAhJF¦TqI6OtNJOgFqD�¿Smn@C¼:OgÁ�oJB6?�ojB�hJDY¾VO7¸�T�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-T�¿Hoj¹A¹AmnOgQHÁAÃ-QSE�¸RI�QVTHFqOPTH¸RIA@nBAG�½X@CTqI6hJEYT�mCh-QqQhjil?YOg¹�OgB6?YOPB�¸�U�@pQX@nmCmnE6QSTqFRodTHOg?c@CB*>l·AoJµ!¹6mCO�ÓjD»º

Å]Ó:Ò oAºXÐM¹A¹6mCO7Q�~Jh:IAB�mC@n¼JO7QPºD»ºMÐM¹A¹6mCO7QMß�@Cmnm#TqIA@nBA¼YQXIAO�I6OgojFR?�ÖAFHOg?�Qqo1UÒ~:hJI6Bcmn@C¼:OgQgº

ǧI6ojT�TqI6@nQ¤ojmpQSh¨I�oj¹A¹`OPB6Q�½X@�THI�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHoJm¦¸PhJBABAO7¸�TH@CN:OgQ�oJB6?�TqIAOg@CF!ojFHGJEAµfOgB:TRQPÃ\@nQ�@CmnmnE6QVTHFHojTqO7?@nB¨>l·Aojµf¹AmnO_°�Å�@nB*½XIA@n¸RI�THIAO�Ý6FRQVTt¸PmnoJE6QqO�hJis>l·Aojµf¹AmnOmµ�@nQXOgmnoJD�h:FHojTqO7?�D�UcoJBAhjTHIAOPFX¹6FqOg¹�h-QSO7?QqEAD�h:FH?A@CB6ojTqOPÀ(µ�oj@nB�¸PmnoJE6QSO�¸�h:B6QSTqFHE6¸�TH@Ch:B�OPµ¤D�O7?A?YOg?�½X@�THIA@nBc@CTRÒ¦ojB6?c>l·Aojµf¹AmnO�Ë�Å�@nB�½XI6@n¸RI�TqIAOÝ6FRQVT.¸PhJBd¾VE6B6¸�TshJi`>l·AoJµ!¹6mCO�¹�@nQ&OgmnoJD�h:FHojTqO7?�D�U�oJBAhjTHIAOPFl¹6oJ@CFHOg?YÀ�¸PhJBd¾VEAB�¸�Tq@nhJB!¸�h:B6QVTHFqE�¸�Tq@nhJB!OPµ!ÀD`Og?A?YO7?�½X@CTqIA@nB�@CTRÒ�º�k&h-QqQq@nDAmCOM?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOtQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHOgQli�h:FsTHIAOgQqOtOP·YoJµf¹AmCO7Q.oJFqOMG:@CN:OPB�@nB�Ö$@CG:EAFHO>�Aº

Å�°jÒcoAº6Ðtm�THIAhJE6GJIz~Jh:IABc@pQXN:OPFHU�GJOPB6OPFHhJE6Qf|D»ºA@Ci$U:hJE�BAOPO7?LQSh:µ!O�µfhJB6OPUJøjºAU:hJE�hJBAmnU�I6o1N:OtTHh�oJQq¼�IA@nµ i�h:FX@�T�|?ɺAIAO:Ô QMNJOPFHU�I6oJFH?�TqhfÝ6B�?ɺ

Å]Ë:ÒcoAº`r�BcTqI6O�hJBAO�I6oJB6?ÉÃ6Ö6FqO7?�mn@C¼:OgQ§D`OgoJB6QPºD»º�¯thjTMhJB6mCU�?Ah-O7Q§IAO�OgojT§TqIAOgµ i�h:FM?Y@CB6BAOPF7º¸jº6ß�EYTMI6O�ojmpQSh!OgojTHQ�TqI6OPµ i�h:FXDAFHOgoj¼-i�o:QVTMojB�?cQqB6oJ¸R¼YQgº?ɺ`r�B�TqI6O�hjTqI6OPFXI6oJB6?ÉÃYIAO:Ô QMoJmCmnOPFHGJ@p¸tTqh!TqIAOgµLº

ß�EYTgÃ1oJQ\ojmnFqO7oJ?YU�BAhjTHOg?ÉÃ1QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHoJmJ¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO7Q=?YhtBAhjT\o:?Yµf@�TX��xH�1�R��{}|-y.hjiA¹AFHOg?Y@p¸PojTqOPÀ�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-T?YOg¹�OgB6?YOPB�¸�@nOgQgºA´�i$½�O�?Yh!TqI6@nQX½X@CTqI*>s·YoJµf¹AmCO7Q>°¤ojB6? Ë6ÃY½¦O�G:O�T

Å]Ê:ÒcoAº6Ðtm�THIAhJE6GJIz~Jh:IABc@pQXN:OPFHU�GJOPB6OPFHhJE6Qf|D»ºA@Ci$U:hJE�BAOPO7?LQSh:µ!O�µfhJB6OPUi|¸jºAI6OJÔ Q§NJOPFHU�I6oJFH?�Tqh!Ý6B�?�|?ɺAU:hJE�hJBAmnU�I6o1N:O�THh�oJQq¼�IA@nµ i�hJFX@CTgº

ÅVÈ7Ï:ÒcoAº`r�BcTqI6O�hJBAO�I6oJB6?ÉÃ6Ö6FqO7?�mn@C¼:OgQ§D`OgoJB6QPºD»º�¯thjTMhJB6mCU�?Ah-O7Q§IAO�OgojT§TqIAOgµ i�h:FM?Y@CB6BAOPF7º¸jº`r�BcTqI6O�hjTqI6OPFXI6oJB6?ÉÃAIAO:Ô QXoJmCmnOPFHGJ@p¸�Tqh!TqI6OPµLº?ɺ6ß�EYTMIAO�oJmnQqh!OgodTRQ�TqIAOgµ i�h:FXDAFHOgoj¼-i�o:QVTXojB6?LQqB6oJ¸R¼YQgº

k&h:QHQq@CDAmnO§?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSOXQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFqO7Q$i�hJF&THIAOgQqO�Å�@nµ!¹`h:QHQq@CDAmnO7Ò&?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOgQ&oJFqO§GJ@nNJOgB�@nB�Ö\@nGJE6FqO�µ6ºj>.NJOgB@Ci$THIAO�FqO7oJ?YOgF§Ý6B6?AQ§B6h!¹6Fqh:DAmCOgµ ½X@CTqI�TqI6OgQqO�¸PFqh-QqQqOg?�NJOgFHQq@Ch:B6QgÃ:THIAOPU�¸�mnOgoJFqmnU�?YhfBAhjTMµfO7ojBcTqIAOQHojµfO.THIA@nBAG�oJQ=TqIAOg@CFlEAB�¸�FHh:QHQSO7?�¸�h:EAB-TqOPFH¹6oJFSTRQPÕg´�B�ÅSÈgÏ:Ò�Ã#¿SDAEYTRÁtB6hd½ªoj¹A¹`OgoJFHQ=Tqh�mn@CBA¼�ÅSÈgÏ:?6Ò»½X@CTqI

¹

Page 6: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

a cb

concession[although] condition[if]

elaboration

a b

elaboration

contrast[one/other] comparison[not only...]

(i) (ii)

dcd

IKJMLFN5O,P�ÓopÔg#&%F"17T7T-9D�29<,qbU(-97T8"1'(G.7T<�7�)TG.'�8^).'(G.<7b).] *,)bn�"1'�2/Uc] *�Õ�<X)."mDF<�*17T7T"`8-/*,).<�UcnK-®).]«Y�Z(*3#&%�29<�Öcop-hqb*10�UnK-®).]«Y[Z�*3#&%�29<E=×iop-/-hq^\

Ó

Page 7: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

ÅVÈ7ÏJ¸7Ò�Ãɸ�h:B-N:OPU�@nBAG�THI6odT�?YOgQq¹A@CTqO!D�Og@CB6G�oJmCmnOPFHGJ@p¸�THhcD`OgoJB6QPÃÉÖ6FqO7?¨OgojTHQ�TqI6OPµ i�hJF�DAFHOgoJ¼-i�oJQST�ojB�?QqB6oJ¸R¼YQgº�ÐMB�?¨½XIA@nmCO�TqIA@pQ�µ!@nGJI-T�D�O¤@CBYi�OgFqFHOg?*i�Fqh:µ Å]Ë:Ò�Ã`@CT�@pQt¸POPFqTHoj@nBAmnULBAhjT�¸�hJB�N:OPUJO7?L?Y@CFHOg¸�TqmnUJºÐtQ�o�¸�h:B6QqOgÛ-EAOPB�¸�OJÃ:½¦OMQSTq@n¹AEAmpodTHOMTHI6odT¦QSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFRojm`¸�hJB6BAOg¸�Tq@nNJOgQ.?Yh�BAhJT¦oJ?Yµf@CT¦¸�FHh:QHQq@CBAG�hJi#TqIAOg@CF¹AFHOg?Y@p¸PojTqOPÀ�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-T§?AOP¹`OPB6?YOgB6¸�@nOgQgº Ø

ǧI6ojT=@nQ\BAhJT\ojmnm]º`��@nB6¸�O.½¦O.THoj¼:O&TqIAO¦D6oJQq@p¸lmCOgNJOgmJhji6?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOsQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFqOsTqhMD`O¦o�¸�hJB�QSO7Û:E6OPB6¸POhji�Å]o:Ò�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B6Q�oJQHQqh�¸P@nojTqO7?�½X@CTqIªOP·Y¹AmC@p¸�@CT¤QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFRojm.¸PhJBABAO7¸�TH@CN:OgQ�ojB�?ÜÅ�D�Ò�FqOgmnojTq@nhJB6Q�½XIAh-QSO?YOPi�OgoJQq@nDAmCO�@nBYi�OPFHOPB�¸�O�@nQ�THFq@nGJG:OPFHOg?�D�U�oJ?d¾SoJ¸�OgB6¸�U:Ã�½¦O�QVTH@C¹6EAmnojTqO�TqI�odT��d{p�P�R�dzYxR�Pv��R~(x�z6�P~]zYxqv�{}~]�Pv�� ¢�J�7v���|`�j~Xw:�d�!{}~M��xq�d�R�R{}|�yc��~]x�z6�P~]zYxHwd�=�Jv��6v�|#�JvP|`�P{�v���ºlÅ�´�BLTHIA@nQ�QSOgB6QqOJÃ�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�QVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FqO�µ�o1UD`OMTqFHEAmnU¤Qq@Cµf¹AmnOPF.TqI6oJB�QSOgB-TqOPB�¸�OMQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFqO:º:Ç\h�NJOgFq@Ci�U�THIA@nQgÃJh:BAOMµf@nGJI-TsO�·Aojµf@nBAOXTHIAOt?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFqO�hjismpojBAG:E6ojG:OgQXQqE6¸RI�oJQ>�tEYTR¸RI*TqI�odT�oJmCmnhd½�¸�FHh:QHQS@nBAG�?YOg¹�OgB6?YOPB�¸�@nOgQ�@CB�QqOPB-THOPB6¸PO�À�mCOgNJOPmQqU-B-TRod·ÉºA´�BA@CTq@pojm=¸PEAFRQSh:FqU�OP·Aojµf@CB�odTq@nhJBL?Yh�OgQMBAhjTMG:@CN:O�oJB�U�OPN�@p?YOPB�¸�O�hjil¸�FHh:QHQq@CBAGf?YOg¹�OgB6?YOPB�¸�@nOgQ@nBz��EYTR¸RI¨?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO:º Ò

´�i\½�O�BAhd½¶¸PhJB6Qq@p?YOPF�TqI6O�¸PhJFHFqO7QS¹`hJB�?Y@CB6G�¹AFHhJ¹`OPFqTq@nOgQ§hJi$?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�oJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQPÃ�½�O�QSOgOtTHI6odTTqI6OPU�?Yh�o:?Yµf@�Ts¸�FHh:QHQq@CBAG�hji`¹AFqO7?Y@p¸PodTHO�À�ojFHGJEAµfOgB:T&?YOP¹`OPB�?YOPB6¸P@CO7QPÃjo:Q&QSIAhd½XB¤@CBf>l·AoJµ!¹6mCO7Q¦È:È�ÀRÈ1�6º

ÅVÈ:È7ÒcoAº�~:hJI6BcmnhdNJO7Q�ߧoJFqh:mCh�ºD»º{��h�I6O�h:FH?AOPFHOg?�THIAFHOPO�¸Po:QSO7Q�hji$TqIAO�Ô Ê�°Yº¸jº6ß�EYTMI6O�I6oJ?�Tqh�¸PoJB6¸�OgmÉTqI6O�hJFR?YOPF?ɺAD`Og¸gojE6QqOf~}�6v�|�IAO�?A@nQH¸�hdN:OPFHOg?�IAO�½§oJQ§D6Fqh:¼JOJº

ÅVÈ1ÎJÒcoAº6Ât@CG:IcI6OPOPmpQMoJFqO�Ý6BAO�i�h:FXGJhJ@nBAG!Tqh!THIAO�TqIAO7odTHOPF7ºD»º6ß�EYTM½�OgoJF§¸PhJµ!i�hJFqTHoJDAmnO�QqIAh�OgQ¸jºA@Ci§{}|A��~�vRw:��UJhJE�¹AmpojB�TqhfG:h¤THh!TqIAO�Ùgh-h�º

ÅVÈ$�:ÒcoAº6ß�O7¸PojE�QSO�ÖAFHOg?�@pQ§@CmnmD»ºAU:hJE�½X@Cmnm»I6o1N:OtTHh�QVTRo1U�IAhJµfO¸jºA½XI6OPFHOgoJQ��j~}�6v�x��l{p�Pv§THIAO�TV½�h!hJi$U:hJEL¸�h:EAmn?cI6o1N:O�G:hJBAO�TqhfTHIAO�ÙPh�h�º

}¦hJB�QS@p?YOPF�Ý�FHQST�TqIAO�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJm�¿VTqI6OPB6Á�@nB�¸PmnoJE6QqOLÅSÈJÈ7?6Ò�º=Ö6hJF�@CT�TqhLGJOPT�@�TRQ�Ý6FRQVTojFHGJE6µ!OgB-Tti�FHhJµ ÅVÈJÈgD�ÒC|L@]º OJºnÃ`TqIAO¤OPN:OPB-TtTHI6odT�TqIAOf?Y@pQq¸PhdNJOPFHU�@nB�Å]?6ÒM@pQc¿qodi}THOPFRÁAÃ�@�T�µ�E6QST�¸PFqh-QqQTqI6O�QVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FHoJms¸�hJB6BAOg¸�Tq@nhJB�D�OPTV½¦OgOPB�¸�mpojE6QqOgQ�Å�¸gÒ�oJB6?�Å�?6Ò�oJQHQShY¸�@podTHOg?�½X@�THI�¿SD`Og¸PoJE6QqOgÁAº»Ç§I6@nQ¸�FHh:QHQq@CBAG¥?YOg¹�OgB6?YOgB6¸�Uá@nQ�@CmnmnE6QVTHFHojTqO7?�@nB Ö$@CG:EAFHOÙ¹d@(ºX¯Mhd½ ¸�h:B6Qq@n?YOgF�TqI6O�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO*o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojm¿S@nB6QSTqO7oJ?AÁt@CBf¸�mpojE6QqO�ÅSÈ7ÎJ¸gÒ�ºdÖ6hJF&@�T$Tqh�GJOPT$@CTHQ$Ý�FHQST$oJFqG:EAµfOPB-T\i�FHhJµ ÅSÈ7Îjo-Ò�|�@]º OJºnÃdGJh:@CB6GMTqh�TqI6O¦Ùgh-h@pQsojBfojmCTqOgFqB6ojTq@nNJO¦Tqh�G:hJ@nBAGtTHh�TqIAO§THIAOgojTqOPF�|�@CTsµ�E6QST.¸�FHh:QHQ\TqIAOMQSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFRojmA¸PhJBABAO7¸�TH@Ch:B¤D`O�TV½�OPOgB¸�mpojE�QSO7Q¤ÅSÈ7ÎdD`ÒtoJB6?ªÅVÈ1Îj¸7ÒMoJQHQqh�¸P@nojTqO7?L½X@�THIâ¿S@CiqÁ6º#ǧI6@nQ�¸�FHh:QHQq@CBAG�?AOP¹`OPB6?YOgB6¸�U*@pQ�@CmnmnE6QVTHFHojTqO7?*@CBÖ$@CG:EAFHO­¹d@n@]º\>l·Aojµf¹AmnO*È1�L@pQ�@CTHQ�µ!@nFHFqh:F�@Cµ�ojG:OJÕ=Ö6hJF�THIAOc?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojm�¿ShJTqIAOgFq½X@pQqOgÁ�@CBÅVÈ$�J¸7Ò�Tqh�GJO�T¤@�TRQ�Ý6FRQST¤ojFHGJEAµfOgB:T�i�Fqh:µ ÅSÈ1�Jo-ÒË| @(º O:ºCÃ&ojmCTqOgFqB�odTq@nNJO7Q�Tqh¨TqIAO�QVTRodTqO`´d¸PhJB6?Y@CTq@nhJB¥hJiÖAFHOg?LD`OP@nBAG�@nmnm[|�@CTtµ�E6QST�¸PFqh-QqQ�THIAO�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHoJm=¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nhJB*o:QqQqhY¸�@podTqO7?�½X@CTqIÜ¿qD�O7¸PoJE6QSO7ÁAº6ǧI6@nQ@pQX@CmnmnE6QVTHFHojTqO7?�@nB*Ö\@nGJE6FqOe¹d@n@n@]º

}¦FHh:QHQS@nBAG ?AOP¹`OPB6?YOgB6¸�@nOgQ�oJFqO�BAhJT!EAB�E6QqE6oJmX@CB�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSOc½XIAOPBáhJB6O�¸PhJB6Qq@n?AOPFRQ!oJB6oj¹6IAhJFRoÅ�O:º G�ºCÃ6¹AFqh:BAhJE6B6Q§ojB6?L?YOPÝ6BA@CTqOe¯tk¦QHÒ�Ã6oJQ�i�h:FXO�·Aojµf¹AmnO�@CB=ÕÅVÈ1µ-Òc>sN:OPFHU�µ�ojB�Ú»TqOPmnmpQsOPN:OPFHU�½�hJµ�ojB ÛXIAO$Ú»µfOPOPTHQlTHI6odT�QSIAO,Û§FHOPµf@nB6?AQ.IA@Cµ«Ú=hji#IA@nQHÚ»µfhJTqIAOgFgºÅVÈ�¹JÒÜ��EAO Ú ?YFH@CN:OgQXojB*Ðtm�i�o�WXh:µfOPh6º5��IAO Ú ?YFq@nNJO7Q�Tqh�hfi�oJQSTgº�ƨojFHU Û FRoJ¸�O7Q�IAOPF Ú hJBL½�OPOg¼JOPB�?AQPº

��IAO Û hJi}TqOPBLD`OgojTHQXIAOgF Ú º»Ås�-THFqE6D�O:Ã=ÈgÊ:ÊJË-Ò

Ý ��í(ô�çgæ£ô.�#ôSí»ûdïRè\ïRèg��ôV÷�û1é^�¨î¦ù1ñ�û«Þ(è�ð(í]ô�ð(ñ�û7æ£ê1ú�ßXæ£è��Jé�è]è(æ£ø1þ£ô$æ£ê�÷1æ£è]ñSé�ù7í(è(ô��\æ ð]û1é�ù7ð\þ£é�è(æ£ê7ú§æ ð(èÉð]û1í(ôSïR÷�é�íûdïVç7æ£ê7ú§ð(é§í]ô.�1û1í�ïRè]ôlþ�ïHð(ôVí»îMïHð]ôSí]æ�ïRþ-æ£êtþ£æ£ú�ûPð=éRëYð]û1ôsæ£êPð]ôVí]ç�ôVê1æ£ê1ú�îMïHð(ôVí(æ�ïRþ���à$ê1ôlñVé�ù1þ£÷�ïRès�Mï�è(æ£îXæ£þ�ïRí¤Pù1ôVè]ð]æ£é�ê�ïRøjé�ù7ð=ð(û1ôsï�$�dïRí(ôVê�ð(þ õ�ù1êPøJé�ù7ê1÷1ôV÷�÷1ô.�jôSê7÷1ôVê1ñVæ£ôSè$éRëAè(ôVêPð]ôVê1ñVôT�}þ£ô�ç�ôSþAè�õ7ê�ð�ïH¢Jò��=û1æ£ñ�û�æ£êdïHð�ð(ôVê�ð(æ ç�ôès�JôSï��ôVí(è\ïRí(ôb�7í(é�ê1ô&ð]é§þ£é�è(ô&ð]í�ïRñg�téRë�ïRê1÷iÞ]ëní(ïRñ�ð(ù1í]ô.ß��Aá\ôVæ ð]û1ôVí�¤Pù1ôVè]ð]æ£é�ê�è(ôVôVîXè»ïRê1è��ÉôVí�ïRø1þ£ôlé�êtð(û1ôVé�í]ôVð]æ£ñSïRþú�í]é�ù1ê1÷1è\ïRþ£é�ê1ô�òd÷1ôVîMïRê1÷1æ£ê7ú§è(ù1ø7è]ð(ïRêPð]æ�ïRþYïRîXé�ù1ê�ð(è=éRëAôVî��1æ£í(æ£ñSïRþJ÷dïHð(ï�ëní]é�î�øjéRð]ûË�=í(æ ð�ð(ôVê�ïRê1÷�èg�jé���ôVê÷1æ£è]ñVé�ù1í(è]ô,��³=û7ôb�Jé�æ£ê�ð��ÉôsïRí(ô\ð(í�õ7æ£ê1ú¦ð(éXîMï��ô&æ£è»è]æ£î��1þ õ§ð]ûdïHð»ð(û1ôVí]ô.æ£è=ï�÷7æ â:ôVí]ôSê7ñSôlæ£ê�÷1æ£è(ñVé�ù1í]è(ô&øjô�ðp�ÉôVôVêïRê�õ�ïRîXé�ù7êPð»éRë6è]ð]í(ô�ð]ñ�û1æ£ê1úMïRê7÷�ô�ç�ôVê�ð(û7ôlè(îMïRþ£þ£ôVè]ð»ïRîXé�ù7êPð=éRë6ñVí(é�è(è]æ£ê1ú��

°

Page 8: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

b

conseq[so]

contrast[but]

dc

seq[then]

b

explanation[because]conditional[if]

a

contrast[but]

alt[instead]

a c ba

contrast[whereas]

c

explanation’[because]alt[otherwise]

(i) (ii) (iii)IKJMLFN5O,P­ã§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<�7�)TG.'�8H).'VG.<7bW�"3GCY[Z(*1#&%(2/<H7�=$=^ä�=�åA\�¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G+*325UV<%F<0 UV<0�8H-/<H7K*3G.<�-90 UV-/8*3).<�UcD`d_7T"$29-/Uc29-90�<7*10�UiU(<H%F<0 UV<0�8-9<7K*37T7T"`8-/*3).<�nK-®).]«U(-97T8"1'(G.7T<>*$UVÕ�<HG.D�-/*32/7f*,G.<�-/0�U(-98�*,).<�UcD`daU�*17T](<�Ua29-90�<H7\o+uTæ^çFè9é1x é1êpë¥ì1x±í,-97b).]�<�-90AÕ�<HG.7T<�"3WfuTæ^çFè9é1x é1êpë¥ì1xmä&-¥\ <$\9@ nK-®).]a-9).7X*3G.61'�#&<0`).7�-90cG.<HÕ�<HG.7T<�"1G+UV<HG�\ ¨V'�8+]G.<2/*3).-9"10�7�*,G.<�'�7T<�Ue)."m#e*1-90`)+*1-90_).]�<�61-/Õ$<0i29-90�<�*,GX"3G+U(<HGf"3W�82/*1'�7T<H7\ q

Ë

Page 9: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

ǧIA@pQtQqEAGJG:OgQSTHQ§THI6odT�@CB¨>s·YoJµf¹AmCO7Q�ÈJÈ,|`È$�AÃ-TqIAO¤FqOgmnojTq@nhJB6QqIA@n¹LD�OPTV½¦OgOPB�TqIAO!?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojmojB�?�@�TRQ¨Å�@nBA@CTq@pojm}Ò�ojFHGJE6µ!OgB-T!i�FHhJµ<TqIAO�¹AFqOgN�@Ch:E6Q�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSOLµf@nGJI-T�E6QqO�i�EAmnmnU�D`O*THoJ¼JOPBáTHh¥D�OojB�oj¹AIAh:Fq@p¸�oJQ�½�OPmnm]º î

º5Æ�ï » ³s½g²:¯�±\®`½1¾R¿c°;À5¾-®$Á&³�Â�Ã�½�°$¯�Áf¾ Å�Â(À{¾ Ã�³¥Ç5¾R¿�¬�ÂFÄ�Å\¯�®`½Ç§IAOgFqO*@pQ�oJ?A?A@�TH@Ch:B6ojmXOgN-@p?YOgB6¸�OLTHh�QqEAG:GJOgQSTfTqI6ojT¥¿ShjTHIAOPFH½X@pQSO7ÁAÃ�¿VTHIAOPB6Á�oJB6?áhjTqI6OPF�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOoJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQMojFHO�ojB�oj¹AIAh:FHQgºAÖ$@CFRQSTgÃ�oJB6oj¹6IAhJFRQ§@CB¨TqIAO�i�h:Fqµàhjis?YOPÝ6BA@CTqO�oJB6?*?YOgµ!h:B6QSTqFRodTq@nNJOe¯�k.Q¸PoJB�THoj¼:O�@Cµf¹Amn@n¸P@�TMµ�ojTqOPFH@pojm»oJQ�THIAOP@nFXFHO�i�OPFHOPB-TRQPºAÖ6hJFXO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO:ÃY@CBÅVÈ7Ó:ÒÜ�-THo:¸R¼LÝ6NJO¤DAmnh�¸R¼YQ�hJB¨TqhJ¹�hji¦hJBAO!ojBAhJTqIAOgFgº�¯Mhd½ ¸PmCh-QSO¤UJh:EAF�OgUJO7Q�oJB6?*THFqU*¼�BAhY¸R¼�@CB6G

ð ~��Av�~��j�.v�x�Ã=~}�Y{p��~��d�.vPxñ�hdNJOgF¦½X@CTqILU:hJEAFXBAh-QSO:ºD`hjTqI¶¯tk¦QMFHO�i�OPFtTqh�TqIAO!QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFHO�½XIA@p¸RI*@pQMTHIAO�@nµf¹AmC@p¸�@CT�FqO7QSEAmCTthJilTqIAO¤DAmChY¸R¼LQVTRoJ¸R¼�@nBAG6º$Å�ÖAE6FSÀTqI6OPF�?Y@nQH¸�E�QqQq@Ch:B¨hjisQqE6¸RI¨OP·YoJµf¹AmCO7Qt¸gojB¨D`O�i�h:EAB6?¨@nB�Å�´VQqoJFH?ÉÃ\ÈgÊ °A¹YÌ{��oJmCO:Ã\È7ÊJÊ:ÎA̱��OPDAD`OPF�ojB�?ߧojmp?Y½X@nB»Ã»ÈgÊ:Ê:Î:Ò�º£Ò.ǧIAO�QHojµfO�@pQ�TqFHEAO�hji&?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�oJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQPº�´�BÅVÈ`°jÒ­�th�U:hJE�½�oJB-TXoJB�oJ¹A¹AmnO7ã¼Ð�~��AvPx��l{p�Pv§UJh:E�¸gojB�I6o1NJO�of¹`OgojF7º

TqI6O�Qq@�THE6odTH@Ch:B!@nB�½XIA@p¸RI�UJh:Ef¸gojBfI6o1N:O§o�¹�O7ojFs@pQlhJB6OM@CB�½XI6@n¸RIfUJh:E�?YhJB»Ô T.½§ojB-T.ojB�oJ¹A¹AmnOC|�@]º OJºnýXIAOgFqO�UJh:EAFXojB6Qq½�OPF¦Tqh!TqIAO�Û-EAO7QVTH@Ch:Bc@pQf¿SB6h:ÁAº�ß�EYTXTqI6@nQXoJB6QS½�OPF§@pQSB=Ô T§TqI6OPFHO�QSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFRojmnmCU#Õ�@CTM@nQhJB6mCU�@CBAi�OPFHFqO7?ɺ,�ÜIA@nmCO.@�T\oJ¹A¹`OgojFRQ#B6ojTqEAFRojmdTHhXFqO7QSh:mCN:OlojB�ojB�oj¹AIAh:F#TqhMoJB�@nBYi�OgFqFHOg?�OPB-TH@�TVU:ÃP@CT=½¦h:EAmp?D`O¦µ¤E6¸RI�µfhJFHO¦?Y@CÄ�¸�EAmCT=THhtOgQSTHoJDAmn@nQqI�QqE6¸RI�mC@nBA¼YQ=TqIAFHhJEAG:I�¹AEAFHOPmnU�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFRojm-¸�h:BABAOg¸�Tq@nhJB6QgÕ�THh�?YhQqh�½�hJEAmp?�FHOgÛ-EA@nFqO�¸�h:µ!¹6mCOP·�THFHoJB6QSi�hJFHµfojTq@nhJB6Q»TqI6ojT$@nB-TqFHhY?YE6¸�O¦@CB�N�@pQS@nDAmnO¦OgmCOgµ!OgB-THQ\@CB-Tqh�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOQqU-B-TRod·�½X@�THI�BAh!?YOPOg¹�OgF¦µfhjTH@CNdojTq@nhJB»º�ÖAh:F.O�·AoJµ!¹6mCO:Ã:@nB�ÅVÈ`°jÒ�Ã:½�OM½�hJEAmp?�BAOgOg?�o�FqEAmnOXTHI6odT�THoJ¼JOgQo�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOMEAB6@�TM¸�h:B6Qq@nQSTq@nBAG�QqhJmnOPmnUfhji=o�U:OgQ�´1BAh¤Û:E6OgQSTq@nhJBÒò�ã�ojB�?�FqOg¹AmpoJ¸�O7Qs@CT�½X@CTqI�o�¸PhJµf¹AmnO�·QqOPGJµfOgB:T!¸�hJB�QS@pQVTH@CB6G¨hji�ò�ãcojB6?�THIAOc¸PmnoJE6QSO*{}~�{p���6�1�R��{����nvL~}�6wd~>ó�Ã\½X@�THI¥TqIAO�TV½¦h*FHOPmpodTHOg?�D�UQqhJµfO�THIA@CB6G�mn@C¼:Ocv��nwJ�R�dxqwj~]{��j|6ºÉǧIAOgB�ojB6?Lh:BAmnU�THIAOPB�¸PhJEAmp?*½�O�oJ¸g¸�h:EAB-TMi�hJFtTqIAO¤@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:Bhji&THIAO�QSE6D6QSO7Û-EAOPB-T¤�d~��AvPx��l{p�Pv!QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFRojmnmnUJÃYD�UcofQqU-B-TRoJ¸�TH@n¸�mn@nBA¼�THhfTqIAO�¸PhdNJOPFqTXµ�odTqOgFq@pojmsÅ�@]º OJºnÃTqhfTHIAO�¹`h:QHQS@nDA@nmC@CTVU�TqI�odT>ò+IAhJmp?AQgÃY½XIA@n¸RI¥�d~��AvPx��l{p�Pv¤@CB-TqFHhY?YE6¸POgQXojBLojmCTqOgFHojTq@nNJO�Tqh�Ò�º

��O7¸�hJB�?YmCU:Ã\?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojmpQ�I6o1NJO�o¨½X@n?YOgF�FRojBAG:OfhjiMhJ¹ATq@nhJB6Q�½X@�THI¥FqO7QS¹`Og¸�T�Tqh�TqIAOg@CF@nBA@�TH@noJmYojFHGJEAµfOPB-T\TqI6oJB¤?Yh�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFRojm�¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO7Q¦Å�@]º OJºnÃd¸�h�hJFR?Y@nB6odTH@CB6G�ojB�?�QSE6D�h:FH?Y@nB6ojTq@nBAG�¸PhJBYÀ¾VEAB6¸�Tq@nhJB6QRÒ�º�ǧIAO�mnojTSTHOPFMojFHO�¸�hJB�QVTHFHoJ@CBAO7?�THh�mC@nBA¼�@CB6Gfof?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�E6BA@�TMh:B�THIAO�x�{�y1��~ ¢ xq�d|�~]{�vPx¦hJiTqI6OtOPN:hJmnN�@CBAG�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�Å�@]º OJºnÃJTHIAOt¸PmnoJE6QSO:Ã:QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O�ojB6?�mpojFHGJOgFs?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSOXE6BA@�TRQsTHh�@CTHQ.@CµfµfOg?Y@CÀodTHO�mCOPi}TRÒ�º��t@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�o:?YNJOgFqD6@noJmnQ§ojFHO�BAhjTtQqh!¸PhJB6QSTqFRoj@nBAO7?ɺAÇ=h�QqOPO�TqI6@nQgÃ6¸�h:B6Qq@n?YOgF�TqIAO�i�h:mCmnhd½X@CB6GO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO:ÕÅVÈ7Ë:Ò�´�i\THIAO�mn@CG:I:TM@pQ§FHOg?ÉÃ6QSTqh:¹»ºbЧ~}�6v�x��l{p�Pv§U:hJE»Ô mnmÉGJO�Tto¤TH@n¸R¼:O�Tgº

Åsô ¢ �J�dz��:�f�P�d��v�~���{}|�yL�d~��AvPx�~}�6wd|¨��~��H�`�.�J�dzKõ �}�#y:vP~�w�~]{��R�:v�~��£ÒǧIA@pQM¸PoJBcD`O�¹6oJFHoJ¹AIAFRoJQqOg?�E�QS@nBAG!TqIAO�¸PhJBd¾VE6B6¸�TH@Ch:Bá¿qhJFRÁ

´�i\THIAO�mn@CG:I:TM@pQ§FHOg?ÉÃ6QSTqh:¹»ÃYhJFXU:hJE»Ô mnmÉGJO�TMo¤Tq@p¸R¼JOPTgºÂMOgFqO�¿qhJFRÁ�mC@nBA¼YQl@CTHQlFH@CG:I-TloJFqG:EAµfOPB-T&Tqh�o�EAB6@�T.h:B!TqIAO�x�{�y1��~ ¢ xq�j|6~({�v�x&hJi�THIAOXOPN:hJmnN-@nBAG�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO|�@CB�TqIA@pQ§¸PoJQqOJÃ:TqI6O�¸PmnoJE6QqO�¿qQSTqh:¹6Á�h:B�@CTHQ�@CµfµfOg?A@nojTqO�mCOPi}TgºF¯Mhd½¶¸�hJB�QS@p?YOPF.TqIAO�FHOPmpodTHOg?�OP·YoJµf¹AmCO

ÅVÈ7Ê:Ò�´�i\THIAO�mn@CG:I:TM@pQ§FHOg?ÉÃ6QSTqh:¹»ºbЧ~}�6v�x��l{p�Pv§G:h�QVTHFHoJ@CG:I:T§hJB=ºÅsô ¢ ~}�6v���{�y7�Y~¦{p��|`�j~¦xHvH�d�\y:����~]xqwj{�y7�Y~M�d|`�£Ò

�C�ô.ïRí(ôlï.�»ïRí(ô&ð]ûdïHð�Þ(ñVí(é�è(è]æ£ê1ú�ߧôT¢7ïRî��1þ£ôVè\è]ù1ñ�û�ïRèb� ���^��ö � � Ý � ïRí]ôlí�ïRí(ô$æ£ê�êdïHð]ù1í(ïRþ£þ õ ö éPñVñSù7í(í(æ£ê7úX÷1æ£è(ñVé�ù1í]è(ô���ôsøjôSþ£æ£ô�ç�ô&ð]ûdïHð=ð(û1æ£è=æ£èÉøjôVñqïRù7è(ôsð(û1ô�õ�ïRí(ôlé�ê7þ õË�jé�è]è(æ£ø1þ£ô��=û1ôVê-òdïRè\û1ôVí]ô�ò7è]ð]í(é�ê1ú�ñSé�ê7è]ð]í�ïRæ£ê�ð(è=ëní]é�î�ð]û1ô÷1æ£è]ñVé�ù1í(è]ôsïR÷7ç�ôVí(ø1æ�ïRþYïRê7÷�ëCí(é�î�ñSé�ê�ð]ô.¢Pð��7í(ô�ç�ôVêPð=ð(û7ôsïR÷7ç�ôVí(ø1æ�ïRþ-ëCí(é�î�í(ôVþ�ïHð]æ£ê1ú¦ð]é§ð]û1ôlñVþ£é�è(ôVè]ðf�nþ£ô�ë�ð(îXé�è�ð �ô�ç�ôVêPð]ùdïRþ£æ ð}õ�é�í\ïRê�ô�ç�ôSê�ð]ùdïRþ£æ ð}õ�ñVéPôSí]ñVôS÷�ëní]é�î�ð]ûdïHð=é�ê1ô��jý#ù7ð\í�ïRí]æ ð}õM÷1égôVè]ê�� ð=ê1ôVñSôVè]è�ïRí(æ£þ õtîXôSïRêæ£þ£þ �pëCé�í(îXôV÷1ê7ôSè]è#é�í»îMïRí(ú�æ£êdïRþ£æ ð}õ�ò1ïRè=í]ôSïR÷1ôVí(è=ñqïRê�è(ôVô&ëCé�í»ð]û1ôVîXè(ôVþ ç�ôVè=æ ë�ð(û7ôVõ�ù1è]ôf $égé�ú�þ£ôlð]é§è(ôSïRí(ñ(û�ð]û1ôb�ÉôVøëCé�í»è]ð]í(æ£ê1ú�è»è(ù7ñ�û�ïRèXÞ(øjôSñSïRù1è]ô.ð]û1ôVê�ß1ò�Þ(æ ëAæ£ê7è]ð]ôqïR÷$ß1ò{Þs�\û7ôSí]ôSïRè\éRð]û1ôVís�=æ£è(ô.ß1òdô�ð]ñ��jïRê1÷�ñVé�ê1è]æ£÷1ôVíf�nï � �\û7ôVð]û1ôVíð]û1ôsûgù7ê1÷1í(ôV÷1èSòdô�ç�ôVê�ð]û1é�ù1è�ïRê7÷1èqòjéRëYð]ôT¢gð]è$æ£ê>�\û7æ£ñ�û�ð]û1ôVè(ôlè�ð(í]æ£ê1ú�è\éPñVñVù1í$ïRí]ô&æ£þ£þ �pëCé�í(îXôV÷-ògïRê1÷_�nø � �=ûdïHðÞ]ð]û1ôVê�ß1ò{Þ(æ£ê1è�ð(ôSïR÷�ßMïRê1÷iÞ(éRð(û7ôSí��=æ£è(ô.ßMïRí(ôlí]ôSþ�ïHð]æ£ê1ú§æ£êMð]û1ôVè(ôlð(ôT¢Pð(è+�Và$ê1ôlî¦ù1è]ð»þ£éPé��tïHð\í(ïRí(ô&ô�ç�ôVê�ð(è\æ ëAé�ê1ôlæ£èè�ð(ù1÷gõ7æ£ê1úXñVé�î��1þ£ôT¢Mþ£æ£ê1ú�ù7æ£è]ð]æ£ñ��1û1ôVê1é�îXôVêdï§æ£êt÷1ô�ð�ïRæ£þ���³=ûPù1è=æ ð»æ£è»ê1éRð\ð]û1ôlñSïRè(ôlð]ûdïHð=é�ê1þ õtñVé�îXîXé�êtð]û1æ£ê1ú�èæ£ê�þ�ïRê1ú�ùdïRú�ô.ïRí(ô&í]ôSïRþ�é�í[�Éé�í]ð]û�ëCù1í]ð]û1ôVí»è]ð]ù1÷7õ,�

Ê

Page 10: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

ǧIA@pQM¸PoJBABAhJT§D`O�¹6oJFHoJ¹AIAFRoJQqOg?�½X@CTqI�¿qhJFRÁAÃ�oJQ§@nBÅ]ÎJÏ:Ò�´�i\THIAO�mn@CG:I:TM@pQ§FHOg?ÉÃ6QSTqh:¹»ÃYhJFXG:h!QSTqFRoj@nGJI-TXhJB=º

OPN:OPB TqIAh:EAGJI D�hJTqI4¿qQSTqh:¹6ÁcoJB6? ¿q@�i¦TqIAOfmn@CG:I-T�@pQ�FqO7?ÉûQSTqhJ¹�ÁcoJFqO¤hJB TqIAOfFH@CG:I:T�i�FHhJB-Tq@nOPF�hji.TqIAOOPN:hJmnN�@CBAG�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFHOJºAǧI6@nQX@pQXD`Og¸gojE6QqOL¿ShjTHIAOPFH½X@pQSO7Á�@pQMoJ¸g¸�O7QqQq@CB6G!QqhJµfO�THIA@nBAG�OPmpQSO:ÃAQShTqI�odT�Å]ÎJÏ:Ò¦µfOgoJB6QXQSh:µfO�TqI6@CBAG�Û-EA@CTqO�?Y@CØ`OgFqOgB-T�i�FHhJµ OP@CTqIAOgF�ÅVÈgË-Ò¦hJF�ÅVÈ7Ê:Ò�ºF�ÜI6odT�¿ShJTqIAOgFq½X@pQqOgÁ¤@nQoJ¸g¸�O7QqQq@CB6G6Ã7½XIA@n¸RI ¿Sh:FHÁM¸gojBAB6hjTgÃ1@pQ\TqIAO�@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJB�hJiATqIAO§¸�h:B6?Y@CTq@nhJB!ojmnhJBAO:º ÷&ǧI�E6Q&?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOoJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQPÃdmn@n¼JOMhJTqIAOgF.ojB6oJ¹AIAh:FHQgÃ1I6o1NJOMo:¸P¸�O7QqQ$THh�µ�odTHOPFH@[email protected]�o1N1oJ@CmpojD6mCO�Tqh�QSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFRojm¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO7QPº

Ö$@CB�ojmnmCU:Ã�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJmnQgÃAmn@C¼:O�hjTHIAOPF�ojB6oJ¹AIAh:FHQgÃAµ�o1U�FHOgÛ-EA@nFqO¤QSOgµfoJB-Tq@p¸�FqOg¹AFHOgQqOPB-THojÀTq@nhJB�QX@CBL½XIA@p¸RIcTqIAOg@CFtoJFqG:EAµfOPB-THQ§oJFqO��R�dzY|#���dwdx�{�wJ�P�Cv��XFHoJBAGJ@nBAG!hdNJOPF§?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�OgB-Tq@CTq@nOgQgº6ǧI6odT@pQPÃ1½XIA@nmCO�@CT$µf@nGJI-T\D`O¦¹`h:QHQq@CDAmnOsTHh�FHOP¹6FqO7QSOgB:T�¿qÐMmCTqI6hJEAG:I_òfÃAø�ÁME6Qq@nBAG�otDA@CB�ojFHU�µfhY?AoJm:h:¹�OgFHojTqhJFÅ]ÎAÈ7Ò�wd��~��A�jzJy7�[ùC�����.ú

½XIAOgFqO�i�hJFHµ�EAmpoJQbû ojB6?¼ü¤THFHoJB6QSmpodTHO�TqI6O¤QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O7Q>ò ojB6? ø+TqI6ojTc¿qoJm�THIAhJE6GJI6Á�¸PhJµ�D6@CBAO7QPÃ�½¦O¸PoJBABAhJTMFqOg¹AFqO7QSOgB-T!¿Hò ºnºCº�¯tOPN:OPFqTqIAOgmCO7QqQgñø�Á¤TqIA@pQX½§o1UJºF��O�BAOPO7?cQqhJµfO�THIA@nBAGfµ!h:FqO�mn@C¼:OÅ]Î:ÎJÒ��Rý|#v��dvPx�~}�6v��Cv��R�`ù�v��C�.ú

ǧIAO µ!hJTq@nNdodTq@nhJB�i�h:F�THIAO�NdojFH@pojDAmnOÙþ @CBÜTHIA@pQ�FHOP¹AFHOgQqOPB-THojTq@nhJB�@pQ�TqI�odT�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO¨oJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQPÃmn@C¼:O�¹6Fqh:BAhJEAB�QPÃ�¸PoJBcoj¹6¹�O7ojF§@CB-THFHojÀ�QqOPB-TqOgB-Tq@pojmnmCU!@CBLojB�ojB6oJmCh:GJEAO�hji&?YhJBA¼:OPU�QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O7QPºF��hJBA¼:OPUQqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O7QXQSE6¸RI*o:QX>l·Aojµf¹AmnO�ÎV�fojFHO�ofQq¹�O7¸�@pojmɼ�@nB6?�hji&D�h:EAB6?�À�NdojFH@noJDAmCO�FHOgoJ?A@CBAG�ºÅ]ÎV�:Òc>sN:OPFHUfi�ojFHµ!OgFX½XIAhfhd½XB6QXof?YhJB6¼JOPU�i�OPOg?6Q�{}~»FqEATHojD�ojG:o:QPº

´�B�?YhJB6¼JOPU�QqOPB-THOPB6¸POgQgÃjojB6oJ¹AIAhJFRQ$ojFHO¦@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�THOg?!oJQ&¸�hJÀ(NdojFHU�@CB6G�½X@CTqI¤TqIAOg@CFsoJB-TqOg¸POg?YOgB-THQgÕ1TqIAO�{}~TqI�odT.@pQlD`OP@nBAG�i�Og?f@nB*Å]ÎV�:Ò&NdojFH@nOgQ&½X@CTqIfTqI6OXi�ojFHµfOPFl½XIAh�i�OgOg?AQ.@�T7º:ÂMhd½�OPN:OPF7Ã7TqIAO7QSOtoJB6oj¹6IAhJFRQ&oj¹YÀ¹`OgojF.@CB�o�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFRojm6oJB6?f@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTq@nNJO§OPB�N�@nFqh:BAµfOPB-Ts@CBf½XIA@p¸RI�o�?Y@nFqO7¸�T¦QqU�B-THoJ¸�Tq@p¸�FqOgmnojTq@nhJB6QqIA@n¹D`O�TV½�OPOPB�ojB6oJ¹AIAhJF�oJB6?¥ojB-THOg¸�O7?YOPB-T�@pQ�B6hJFHµfoJmCmnU�@nµf¹�h-QqQq@nDAmCO:Ã\Qqh�¸PoJBABAhJT�D�Oco*FqOPÞ6O�·�hji§THFqEAODA@nB6?Y@nBAGf@CB�TqIAO�QqU-B-TRod·�À�QqOPµ�oJB:TH@n¸gQs@nB-TqOPFqi�oJ¸POJº�WModTHIAOPF7Ã�?YhJBA¼:OPU�QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O7Q¦QqIAhd½�TqI�odT��d{p�P�R�dzYxR�PvQqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQsI6oJQ&THh�¹AFHhdN-@p?YO§NdojFH@noJDAmnOgQ$Tqh�THFHoJB6QqmnojTqOX¹AFHhJBAh:EAB6QgÃjojB6?¤THI6odT��j{p�P�H�jzYxR�PvMµfOg¸RI�ojBA@pQSµ�Qµ�E�QVTf@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPT¤THIAOgQqO�NdoJFq@pojDAmnOgQ!oJQ¤D`hJEAB6? ÿ�OgNJOPBªTqIAh:EAGJI�TqIAO�¹AFHhJBAh:EAB6Q!oj¹A¹`OgoJF�¿Vi�FHOPO7Á¨D�UQqU-B-TRoJ¸�TH@n¸�¸PFq@CTqOgFq@poAº

ǧI�E6Qgû@�T�@pQ�Qq@CG:BA@CÝ�¸PoJB:T�THI6odT¤?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOfoJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJmnQ�¸gojB�oj¹A¹`OgoJF�@CB�THIAOP@nF�hd½XB�NJOgFHQq@Ch:B hJi?Yh:BA¼JOgU�QSOgB-TqOPB�¸�OgQgÃAoJQ§@nBÅ]ÎAµ-Ò oAºXÐMB�UJh:BAOL½XIAh�I6oJQf?YOgNJOgmCh:¹�O7?�@nBABAhdNdodTH@CN:OLBAOP½àQShJi}TV½�oJFqO:Ã$I�oJQL~��AvP|�I�oJ?�Tqh�IA@nFqO

o¨mpo1U�½¦OgF�Tqh ¹AFqhJTqO7¸�T¤I6@nQ�´1IAOgF�@nB-TqOPFHOgQSTHQgº§Å�@(º O:ºCÃMw ¢ ~�vPx��JvP�dv��C�R�`{}|�y¥{}|6|#�d�dwd~({}�1v*|`vP��P� ¢ ~(�.wdxqvHÒ

D»º>��OPN:OPFRojmj¹`OPh:¹AmnOs½XIAhMI6o1N:O.?YOgNJOPmnhJ¹`Og?�@nBABAhdNdojTq@nNJOlBAOg½ªQShJi}TV½�oJFqO:Ã�I6o1NJOM|#v��dvPx�~}�6v��Cv��R�i�oj@nmCO7?�Tqht¹AFqhJÝAT=i�FHhJµ4@CTgº�Å�@(º O:ºCÃA�Jv��(�`{}~�v.�Awj�g{}|�y��:v��dv��n�H�6vH��{}|6|#�d�dwd~({}�1vM|`vP�¨�P� ¢ ~(�.wdxqvHÒ

¸JºM>sN:OPFHU�¹`OPFRQqhJB�QSOgmCmn@CB6G¶¿HǧIAO*ߦ@nG�´VQqQqEAO7Á�µf@nGJI-T��d~��AvPx��l{p��v�D�O*o:QS¼�@nBAG�i�h:F�QS¹�ojFHO¸RI6ojB6GJOJºÉÅ�@]º OJºnû{ ¢ ���Y�6v¤�.v�xqvP|[õ ~s�PvP�}��{}|-y��� `�6vE�M{�yiôR�R��z6v��qÒ

ǧIAO�O�·Aojµf¹AmnOgQ¤@nB¶Å]ÎAµ-Ò�@CB�N:hJmnNJO�DA@nB6?Y@nBAG�@CB�TqIAO�@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJB¥hJi�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSOcoJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJmnQgº=´�BÅ]ÎAµ:o-Ò�ÃgTqIAO¦TqOgµ!¹`hJFRojm�E6QqO.hJi=~��AvP|!mnhY¸PojTqOgQ\Ogo:¸RI�IA@nFq@nBAG�OPNJOgB-T$odi}THOPF\TqIAO��R�dx�xqv��(�A�j|`�j{}|-y¤QShJi}TV½�oJFqOPÀ?YOgNJOPmnhJ¹6µ!OgB-Tgº=Ñ=@C¼:OP½X@pQSOf@nB�Å(Î`µ:D�Ò�ÃÉTHIAO�oJ?ANJOPFRQHodTq@nNJO!E6QqO�hji�|`vP�1vPx�~��AvP�Cv��R��Qq@CG:B6ojmpQ�Ogo:¸RI�?YOgNJOgm�ÀhJ¹`OPF7Ô Q�OPU:O�À�hJ¹`OPBAOgF!@nBái�oj@nmC@nBAG�THh THEAFHB�THIAO��R�dx�xHv��(�6�d|`�j{}|-y�¹AFHhjÝAT7º.ÐMB�?�@nB Å]ÎAµ:¸7Ò�Ãt�d~��AvPx��l{p�PvOPB�N�@pQS@nhJB6Q§O7oJ¸RI�¹�OgFHQqhJB�D`OPGJG:@CB6G¤@Ci�~��Awj~»�6vPxR���j|�½�OPFHOPB»Ô TMQSOgmCmn@nBAG�ÁJǧIAO�ß�@CGf´VQHQSE6OgÁAº

� ³»û1æ£è[�»ïRè=æ£ê1÷1ô.�jôVê1÷1ôVêPð]þ õm�jé�æ£ê�ð(ôV÷�é�ùgð\ø�õtè(ô�ç�ôVí�ïRþ �jôVé��1þ£ô��=û1ôVê�ð]û1æ£è[�Éé�íg���»ïRè��1í]ôVè(ôVêPð]ôV÷�ïHð=ö[£�£1����ì�� � �æ£êE�\ôVþ£è(æ£ê��Pæpò1�$ù1ú�ù1è�ð\ü���� � �A³=û7ôsïRù7ð(û7é�í(è��Éé�ù1þ£÷�þ£æ®��ô\ð(é�ð]ûdïRê��Ëá$ïHð(ïRþ£æ�ï�éP÷���ôSès�Rï7ò`��ïRù1í(æ��lïRí]ð�ð(ù1ê7ôSê:ò�ïRís�>£Pð(ôVôV÷1îMïRê-ò� =é�ø1æ£êm�#égé��jôVí$ïRê7÷�å&ïVç7æ£÷˳Yí�ïRù1î�ëné�í»ø1í]æ£ê1ú�æ£ê1ú�æ ðÉð]é§ð]û1ôVæ£í\ïHð�ð]ôSê�ð]æ£é�ê��

ÈgÏ

Page 11: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

��E6¸RIÜD`hJE6B6?Ü@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJB6QfFHOgÛ-EA@nFHO*N1oJFq@pojD6mCO7Q�@CB TqIAO�QqOPµ�oJB:TH@n¸¨FqOg¹AFqO7QSOgB-THodTH@Ch:B6Q�ojB�?ojmCTqOgFqB�odTq@nNJOlNdoJmCEAO7Q#i�hJF»TqIAOgµ¶@nB�QSh:µ!OlµfhY?YOgm`|tIAOgB6¸�O&THIAOsFHOP¹AFHOgQqOPB-THojTq@nhJB�GJ@nNJOgB�@nB�Å]Î:ÎJÒ�ºP´�B6?YOPO7?ÉÃ@CT�@pQ¦¸PmCO7ojFlTHI6odT�TqI6OtDA@nB6?Y@nBAG�I6OPFHOMI6oJQ.Tqh¤D�OtTqIAO�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSOt¼-@nB6?ÉÃ-BAhJT.TqI6O�QqU-B-TRoJ¸�TH@n¸t¼�@CB6?i|�i�hJFTqI6O�QHojµfO�FqO7oJQqhJB�o:Q.@nB�Å]ÎA�-Ò�ÃYojmCTqI6hJEAG:I�½�O�¸gojBABAhJT�@nµ�ojG:@CBAO�ojB�U:hJBAOtoJFqG:EA@nBAG�hJTqIAOgFq½X@pQSO:ÃYQS@nB6¸�O?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOcoJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQ�I6o1N:OcoJmC½§o1UYQ�D`OPOPB�TqFHOgojTqOg?�oJQ¤OPmnOPµfOPB-TRQ¤hJi�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJB»º��hfTHIAO�N1oJFq@pojD6mCO7Q§µ�E6QSTXD�O�THIAO�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�NdojFH@noJDAmnOgQ�E6QqE6ojmnmCU�E6QSO7?cTqh!TqFRojB6QqmpodTqO�hjTHIAOPFX¼�@nB6?AQXhJi?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�oJB6oj¹6IAhJFRQPº �

ǧIAO7QSO�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-THQtI6o1NJO�D`OPOgB�?Y@nFqO7¸�THOg?¨ojTMTqIAO!D`OPI6o1N�@nhJFRojm»Qq@Cµf@nmnoJFq@CTVUcD`O�TV½�OPOgB�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOoJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQXojB6?L½XI�odTt½�O�BAhJFHµ�ojmnmCU�THoJ¼JO�Tqh�D�O�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�ojB6oJ¹AIAh:FHQgºAß�EYTtTHIA@nQt@nQqB»Ô TMTqI6O�hJBAmnUFHOgoJQqhJB¨TqhLFqO7¸�h:GJBA@pQSO�TqIAOgµ oJQ�ojB�oj¹AIAh:FHQgÕ`´�B�THIAO¤B6O�·�T�QSO7¸�Tq@nhJB=Ã`½�OfQSEAG:GJO7QVT�o�i�FRojµfOg½¦h:Fq¼ci�hJFojB�oj¹AIAh:FHo�THI6odT�@nQcQSEAÄ�¸P@COgB-TqmnU�DAFHh:o:?�OPBAh:EAGJIáTHh�@nB6¸�mnE6?YO�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO¨o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojmpQ�oJQ�½¦OgmCm�oJQ?YOPÝ6BA@CTqOtoJB6?f?YOPµfhJB�QVTHFHojTq@nNJO§¹AFHhJBAh:EAB6QlojB�?c¯�k.QgÃJojB�?�hJTqIAOgF.?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO§¹AI6OPBAh:µ!OgB6o�TqI6ojT.I6o1N:OD`OPOPB¶ojFHGJEAO7?áTqhªD`O oJB6oj¹AI6hJFH@n¸JÃ.QSE�¸RIâoJQ«��k OgmCmn@C¹�QS@pQ�Å]ÂtojFR?�T7Ã�È7ÊJÊ:ÎAÌ.Í�OPI6mCOgFgçÎjÏJÏ-ÎJÒ�ÃlTqOgB6QSOÅ�kloJFSTHOPO:ÃAÈgÊ:ËAµ6Ì`��OPD6D�OgFgÃ`ÈgÊ:ËJË:Ò$oJB6?fµfh�?6ojmn@�TVU�Å�Í�@nDADAmnOJÃ`ÈgÊJÊ�¹YÌjÖ6FHoJBA¼¤oJB6?�Í�ojµf¹»ÃAÈ7ÊJÊ °�Ì(�-THhJBAOojB�?�Â�ojFR?�TgÃÉÈ7ÊJÊ:Ê:Ò�º

ï ¿��»®`Â�� ¾���¯�®�Ç���¯�®Ò¿�¬�ÂFÄ�Å\¯�®`Â

ÂMOgFqO�½¦O�QSIAhd½áIAhd½�hJB6mCUfo�Qq@CBAG:mCOtO�·�TqOgB6QS@nhJBfTHh�o�G:OPBAOgFHoJmYi�FHoJµfOP½�hJFH¼�i�hJF¦?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSOtoJB6oj¹6IAhJFRo@pQ=BAOgOg?YO7?�THh�¸�hdN:OPF=?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOsoJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQPº7ǧIAO.G:OPBAOgFHoJmji�FRojµfOP½�hJFH¼t@pQ\¹AFqO7QSOgB-TqOg?�@nBa��O7¸�TH@Ch:B¤ÎYºnÈJÃojB�?�THIAO�O�·�THOPB6Qq@Ch:Bc@nB¼��Og¸�Tq@nhJB*ÎYº£ÎYº

ï�Æ�ºR» ³s½g²:¯�±\®`½1¾L®`¾���¾-®�¾�¬#­$½�ÂA¬$° ÂA¬�±Ä�Å$¯6®�³�¬#­$¾:®�Ä$®`¾:­$ÂY­g³]¯�¬Ç§IAO�Qq@Cµf¹AmnOgQST�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO¤oJB6oj¹6IAhJFRQ�oJFqOL�R�dxqv ¢ v�xHv�|�~]{�wj��|¨?YOPÝ6BA@CTqOf¹AFHhJBAh:EAB6Q�ojB6? ?YO�Ý6B6@�THOi¯�k.QTqI�odT�?AOPBAhJTqO�hJB6O�Å�h:FMµfhJFHO7ÒX?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�FqOPi�OPFHOPB-THQX@nB ¢ �7��z��X½X@CTqIA@nBLTqIAO!¸�EAFHFHOPB-Tt?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�¸PhJBYÀTqOP·�Tgº\Å]KMB6?AOPF¤�R�dxHv ¢ vPxqvP|`�RvX½�O�@CB�¸�mnE6?YOf�(�`��{}~§xqv ¢ vPxqv�|#�Rv�ÃA½XI6OPFHO�of¹AmCE6FHoJm»ojB6oJ¹AIAhJFMQqE6¸RILoJQ�¿STqIAO¸�h:µf¹6ojBA@nOgQHÁ�?YOPB6hjTqO7QlojmnmYTqI6OMQSOg¹6ojFRodTHOPmnU�µ!OgB-Tq@nhJBAO7?!¸PhJµf¹6oJBA@CO7Q&@CB!i�hY¸�E�Q&½X@�THIA@CBfTHIAOM?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO¸�h:B-TqO�·�T7º Ò¦Æ*E6¸RI�I�oJQ¦D�OgOPB�½XFH@CTSTqOgBcoJD�h:EYT.THIAOti�o:¸�THhJFRQ.odØ#Og¸�Tq@nBAG!½XI6odT§?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSOMFHO�i�OgFqOgB-THQ�ojFHOTHoJ¼JOgB�Tqh!D�O�@nB�i�hY¸�E6Qgº�ÖAhJF§o¤FqO7¸�OPB-T�FqOgN-@nOP½�D�U�ÐMB�?YFqOg½ Í�OPIAmnOPF7Ã�QSOgOm}¦I6oJ¹YTqOgF�È7Ë�hji�Å�~:EAFHoji�QS¼�UojB�?�ƨoJFSTH@CB»ÃÉÎjÏ:ÏJÏ-Ò�º�Ö6hJF�TqIAOfOPØ`O7¸�T�hji.?Y@CØ`OgFqOgB-T�TVU�¹`OgQ�hji.Û-E6oJB:TH@�Ý�OPFRQth:B�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO¤FqOPi�OPFHOPB-THQojB�?�i�hY¸PE6QPÃ�QSOgOfÅ]Í�@CD6DAmCO:ûÈgÊ:Ê(¹:Ò�º

��h:µ!Og½XI6odT�µfhJFHO�¸�h:µ!¹6mCOP·cTHI6ojB��H�jxqv ¢ v�xqvP|`�Rvt@nQ¤{}|`�j{}xqvR��~�wd|`wR�A�6�dxqw�Å�ÂtOPmnmCµ�oJB ojB�?*ÖAFRojEYÀFHE6?ÉÃAÈ7ÊJÊJÓ-ÒsÅ]ojmpQSh�¸PoJmCmnOg?��6wdx�~({�wd�`wj|`wR�A�A�jxqw�Å]Ñ»EA¹`OPFqi�hdUJÃYÈ7ÊJÊ:Î:Ò�Ã�~�vq©:~(z6wd�6vP�}��{ ����{p�XÅ�ÂtoJIAB»ÃJÆ�ojFH¼JOPFqTgÃojB�?Ù�-TqFHEAD`OJÃ&ÈgÊ:ÊJÓ-Ò�Ã\wd�H�P�7��{�wj~]{}�dv�wj|`wR�A�A�jxqw�Åg}¦h-QqQqOJÃ\ÈgÊJÊ:Ó:Ò�Ã$�Px�{��PyJ{}|-y¨wj|`wH�6�A�jxqw�Åg}¦mpojFH¼`Ã\ÈgÊ °A¹YÌ}¦mpojFH¼�oJB6?¨Æ¨oJFHQqI6ojmnm(Ã=ÈgÊ:ËAÈ:Ì�¯MhJTgÃ#Ç=hdN:OPB6o6Ã�ojB�?��#ojB�¸PojB�ojFHh6ÃÉÈgÊ:ÊJÊ-Ò�Ã�oJB6?¥{}| ¢ v�x�xqw:���nv���Å]ksFH@CB6¸POJÃÈgÊ:Ê:Î:ÒSÒ�Ã�½XIAOgFqO�THIAO�ojB6oJ¹AIAh:FK|�E6QqE6ojmnmnU�of?YO�Ý6B6@�THOe¯tkÑ|�?YOPBAhJTqO7Q�of?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�FHO�i�OgFqOgB-T�wd�R���7�P{}�wd~�vR���l{}~��¤hJB6OfÅ�hJFXµfhJFHO7Ò�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�FHO�i�OgFqOgB-THQ§@nBcTHIAO�¸�E6FqFHOPB-TM?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�¸�h:B-TqO�·�TC|�OJº G6ºnÃÅ]Î(¹JÒcÆ*U�FHof?AoJFSTHOg?�Tqh�w��A�A�j|`vtojB6?c¹A@p¸R¼JOg?cEA¹�~��Av�xqvR�HvP{}�dv�x�º

ÂMOgFqO ~}�6vcxqvR�HvP{}�dv�x�?YOgBAhjTHOgQ�TqIAOcFqO7¸�OP@nNJOgF�oJQHQqh�¸P@nojTqO7? ½X@CTqI¶Å�D�U�N-@nFqTqEAO�hJiMD�Og@CB6GL�Awjx�~�� ¢ Ò�TqIAOojmnFHOgoJ?AU:À�µfOPB-Tq@nhJB6Og?�¹6IAhJBAO�ƨU-FRo!?AojFqTqO7?�THh6º

}¦hJFHO�i�OgFqOgB6¸�O�ojB6?�@CB�?Y@CFHOg¸�TfoJB6oj¹6IAhJFRo�¸gojB�D`OLEABA@Ci�hJFHµfmCU¥µfhY?YOPmnmnOg?�D-UªQHo1U�@CB6G¨TqI�odT!TqIAO?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOsFqOPi�OPFHOPB-T�þ���?YOPBAhJTqO7?�D�U�oJB�ojB�oj¹AIAh:Fq@p¸lOP·�¹6FqO7QqQq@Ch:B��c@pQ\OP@CTqIAOgF\O7Û:E�ojm:Tqhth:F\o:QqQqhY¸�@podTqO7?½X@CTqI¨ojB�O�·Y@pQVTH@CB6Gf?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�FqOPi�OPFHOPB-T�þ��>|�THI6odTX@pQPÃ�þ�� �Eþ���h:F�þ��"!»o:QqQqhY¸JÅ�þ#�PÒ�º

ß�EYTs¸�h:FqOPi�OPFHOPB6¸PO¦ojB�?�oJQHQqh�¸P@nojTq@nNJO�ojB6oJ¹AIAhJFRoM?Yh�BAhJT$OP·YI6ojE6QST$TqIAOXQq¹6oJ¸PO¦hJi`¸�h:B6QSTqFHE6¸�TRQ»THI6odT

$ cû1æ£þ£ô% »û1ô�ð(é�í]æ£ñqïRþF£Pð(í]ù1ñ�ð(ù7í(ôK³»û1ôVé�í]õe�& �£1³ � �&�ïRê7ê�ïRê1÷E³»û1é�î��7è(é�ê-ò � ����� � �»ïRè=÷1ô�ç�ôVþ£é��jôS÷�ïRè$ïRêïRñVñVé�ù1ê�ð&éRëYð]û1ôsí(ôVþ�ïHð(æ£é�ê�øjôVðp�#ôSôVê�ïR÷'�(ïRñVôVêPð\ù1ê1æ ð]è��\æ ð]û1æ£ê�ï¦ð(ôT¢Pðqò��ïRí(ñVù�� è»ú�ù1æ£÷1ô&ð]é( �£3³*ïRê1ê1éRð(ïHð(æ£é�ê�)�ïRí(ñVù-ò � ����� � ûdïRè\ïR÷1÷1ôV÷�ïRêiÞ(ôSî¦øjôS÷7÷1ôV÷�ß�ç�ôVí(è]æ£é�ê�éRëAôSïRñ�û� �£1³*í(ôVþ�ïHð]æ£é�ê�æ£êté�í(÷1ôVíÉð]éXûdïRê1÷1þ£ôlôT¢7ïRî��1þ£ôVèè]ù1ñ�û�ïRèK�nü� � �`cû1æ£þ£ô$ð]û1æ£è=æ£î��Jé�í�ð�ïRê�ð]þ õMí(ôVñVé�ú�ê1æ£è(ôVè»ð(ûdïHð\îMïHð]ôSí]æ�ïRþ-æ£ê�ïRê�ôVî�øjôV÷1÷1ôV÷�ñSþ�ïRù7è(ôlñSïRê�øjôSïRí$ïè]ôSîMïRê�ð]æ£ñlí(ôVþ�ïHð(æ£é�êtð(é�æ ð(è»îMïHð]í(æ ¢MñVþ�ïRù1è(ô�ò7æ ð\÷7égôVè=ê1éRð$ñVé�ê�ð(í]æ£ø1ù7ð]ôlð(é§ù7ê1÷1ôVí(è�ð�ïRê1÷7æ£ê1ú§ð(û7ô.ê1ïHð(ù1í]ôléRëAð(û1ô�1û7ôSê7é�îXôSê7é�ê��

ÈJÈ

Page 12: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

?YOgFq@nNJO�ojmnm#hJF§¹6ojFqT§hji=THIAOP@nFXQSOgB6QqO�i�FHhJµ THIAO�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�¸�h:B:THO�·�TXojB6?�ojFHOMTHI-E�QXojB6oJ¹AIAhJFH@p¸jº±}¦hJBYÀQq@n?YOgF�¿ShjTHIAOPF�¯tk¦QqÁ¤Å�ß�@COgFqB6OPF7Ã1ÎJÏJÏAÈ7oAÌ7ߦ@nOPFHBAOgF\ojB�?e��OPDAD`OPF7ÃjÎjÏJÏ:ÏAÌ7Æ*hY?1¾VOgQq¼doAÃjÎjÏ:ÏAÈJÌ7Æ*hY?1¾VOgQq¼doAÃÎjÏ:Ï:Î:Ò�ÃAoJQ�@nB»ÕÅ]ÎJÓ:ÒÜ��EAO�G:FHoJDAD�O7?�h:BAO�¹AIAh:BAOJÃ6o:QXÇ=h:µ ?AoJFSTHOg?�Tqh*~��Av!�d~��AvPx��A�A�j|`vPº

�ÜIA@nmCO ¿ShJTqIAOgF�¯tk.QHÁ�ojFHO�¸�mnOgoJFqmnUcoJB6oj¹AI6hJFH@n¸JÃAQSIAh:EAmp?�THIAO�FHO�i�OgFqOgB:TMhJi�¿VTqI6O�hjTqI6OPFM¹AI6hJBAO7Á*Å�þ��6Ò|�TqIAO�¹AIAh:BAO hJTqIAOgF�TqI6oJB TqI6O h:BAO��YEAO G:FHoJDAD`Og? Åsþ � Òi|ÜD`O�Qq@Cµf¹AmnU ¸�h:B6Qq@n?YOgFqO7? oá¸PoJQqO�hJiþ � !»oJQHQShY¸:Å�þ � ÒSã�ÂMOgFqO�oJFqO�TV½¦hfFHOgo:QSh:B6Q�½XI-U�BAhjT7º

Ö$@CFRQSTgÃ�@CB�ojmnmɸPoJQqOgQ.hji\o:QqQqhY¸�@podTH@CN:OtojB6oJ¹AIAh:FHo�?A@nQH¸�E6QHQqOg?�@nB�THIAO�mC@CTqOgFHojTqEAFHOJÃ-¹�h-QqQq@nDAmCO�oJQHQqh�¸P@�ÀodTH@Ch:B6Q�I6o1NJO�?AOP¹`OPB6?YO7?¨h:BAmCULh:B*TqIAOfojB-THOg¸�O7?YOPB-Tmþ � ojB6?¨BAhjT�hJB¨THIAO¤oJB6oj¹6IAhJF7º�Ö6hJF�O�·Aojµf¹AmnOJÃhJB6mCU!ojB-TqO7¸�Og?AOPB-THQ&THI6odT¦I6o1NJO§¹6oJFSTRQl¹6ojFqTq@p¸�@n¹6ojTqO§@CB�½XI6hJmnO�À�¹6ojFqTsoJQHQShY¸�@podTH@Ch:B6Q§Å�O:º G�ºJ¹AIAh:BAO+* FHO�À¸�Og@CN:OPF�Ò�º6r�BAmnU�ojB-TqO7¸�Og?AOPB-THQ�½X@CTqI�i�E6B6¸�TH@Ch:B6ojm»QH¸RIAOPµ�ojTHo�¹�ojFqTq@p¸�@n¹6odTHOt@nBcQH¸RIAOPµ�odÀ�D6o:QSO7?�oJQHQShY¸P@nojÀTq@nhJB�Q!Å�OJº G6º`mChY¸R¼,* ¼JOPUAÒ�º�´�B�Å(ÎjÓ-Ò�Ã�TqIAO!FqOgmnojTq@nhJB6QqIA@n¹*D�OPTV½¦OgOPBÙþ��»Ã�THIAO�FHO�i�OgFqOgB-T�hji�¿STqIAO¤hjTHIAOPF¹AIAh:BAOgÁ6ÃlojB6?�@�TRQ�ojB-TqO7¸�Og?AOPB-TgÃbþ#�dÃs?YOg¹�OgB6?AQf@nB�¹6oJFSTfhJB�TqIAO*ojB�oj¹AIAh:FgÃ&ojB�?ªBAhJT�¾VE6QST�hJB�TqIAOojB-THOg¸�O7?YOPB-T�|L@CB*¹�ojFqTq@p¸�EAmpojF7Ã6h:BLTqIAO¤¹AFqO7QSOgB6¸�O�hJilTqIAO¤½¦h:FH?á¿qhjTqI6OPFRÁAº{��O7¸�h:B6?YmnUJÃ6½�O�oJmnQqh�I6o1N:OO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7QXQSE6¸RI*o:QÅ]Î�°jÒÜ��EAO�mn@�i}THOg?�THIAO�FqO7¸�Og@CN:OPF§oJQXÇ\hJµ ?6ojFqTqOg?�TqhL~��Av!�d~��AvPx§�A�6�d|#v�º.-

½XIAOgFqO�TqI6OXFqOPi�OPFHOPB-T$hJi�¿STqIAO§hJTqIAOgFl¹AIAhJB6OgÁ!Å�þ���Ò\@pQ$TqIAOX¹6IAhJBAO��j~}�6v�xM~��Awj|�TqIAOX¹AI6hJBAO�w1�R�P�7��{�wj~�vR��l{}~���TqIAO�FqO7¸�Og@CN:OPF¦TqI6ojT��YEAO�mn@Ci}TqOg?»º6Ç=h:GJOPTqIAOgFgÃ:TqIAO7QSO�TV½�h¤¹`hJ@nB-THQ§ojFHGJEAOti�hJFXo�TqIA@nFH?c¹`h:QHQS@nDA@nmC@CTVUJÃ@nB�½XIA@p¸RI�oJB�ojB6oJ¹AIAh:Fq@p¸�OPmnOPµfOgB:Tf¸PoJB�¸�h:B-N:OPU�o Qq¹`Og¸�@CÝ�¸�i�EAB6¸�TH@Ch:B0/1�ªTqI�odTf@nQ¤@n?A@Ch-QSU�B6¸PFHojTq@p¸TqhLTHIAO�ojB6oJ¹AIAh:FgÃ#½XIA@p¸RI�µfo1U*D`O�oj¹6¹AmC@nOg?�Tqh*Og@�THIAOPFeþ#�!hJF�oJB�o:QqQqhY¸�@podTqO!hji�þ#�jº»Ç§IAO�FHOgQqEAmCT�hJiTqI�odT!oJ¹A¹Amn@n¸godTH@Ch:B¥@nQcþ��ɺ&ÖAhJF¤½�oJB-T�hjiMo¨D`O�TqTqOgF¤B6oJµfOJÃ=½�O�½X@nmCm§¸PoJmCm¦TqI6OgQqO¨�CvH©J{��Rwj�}���d���(�AvR�P{ 2¦vR�ojB�oj¹AIAh:FHQgº

rtTqI6OPF�mCOP·�@p¸PoJmCmnU-À�Qq¹`Og¸�@CÝ6O7?¨ojB6oJ¹AIAh:FHQt@CB6¸PmCE�?YO¤B6hJEAB¨¹6IAFHo:QSO7QtI6OgoJ?AOg?*D�U�¿ShJTqIAOgFHÁ Å�>l·AoJµ¤À¹AmnO�ÎJË:Ò�Ã�¯�k.Q¦½X@�THI�¿qQqE6¸RI6Á�DAEYTXBAh�¹`h:QSTSÀ�µfhY?Y@�i�U�@nBAG�¿HoJQHÁ�¹AIAFRoJQqO¤Å]>l·Aojµf¹AmnO�ÎJÊ:Ò�Ã:¸�h:µf¹6ojFRodTH@CN:O¯tk¦Q§½X@�THIcB6h!¹`h:QSTSÀ�µfhY?Y@�i�U�@nBAG�¿VTqI�ojB6Á¤¹AIAFRoJQqO!Å]>l·Aojµf¹AmnOm�JÏ:Ò�ÃAojB6?�TqIAO�¹6Fqh:BAhJEAB�¿SOPmpQqOP½XIAOgFqO7ÁÅ�>s·Aojµf¹AmnOe�AÈ7Ò�Å]ߦ@nOPFHBAOgFgÃAÎjÏ:ÏAÈgD�Ò�ºÅ]ÎJË:ÒÜ��hJµfO�?Yh:G:Q§ojFHO�¸�h:B6QVTRojB-TqmnU�h:B�THIAO�µfhdNJOJº�Ч~��AvPxR�¦mn@CO�oJFqh:EAB6?�E6B:TH@Cm=UJhJEL¸PoJmCm#THIAOPµLºÅ]ÎJÊ:Ò�´$QHo1½�o�Îj¼-G�mnhJD6QSTqOgFl@CB!TqI6O§Ý�QSI�QSTqh:FqO§UJO7QVTHOPFR?Ao1UJºdǧIAO�Ý�QqIAµfhJB6GJOPFsQHoj@p?¤@�TlTRoj¼JO7QlojD`hJEYT

¹!UJO7ojFRQsTHh�GJFHhd½ÜTqh���z6�H��wf��{437v�ºÅ��:Ï:ÒcÇ=OgFqFH@nOPFRQ�oJFqO�N:OPFHU�BAOPFHNJh:E6QPº65\wdx]y-vPx¤�J�Hyd�¦TqOgB6?cTqh�I6o1N:O�¸gojmnµ!OgFM?Y@pQS¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B6QgºÅ��6È7Ò�´�?AhJB»Ô TMmC@n¼JO�Qq@�TqTq@nBAG�@nBcTHIA@pQ§Fqh�hJµLº{}�oJB�½�O�µfhdNJO�v��£�PvP�\�AvPxqvHãÇ\h�QSEAµfµ�ojFH@nÙPO�TqI6O�QS@CTqE�odTq@nhJBL½X@CTqI¨oJB6oj¹AI6hJFRQ�Qqhfi�ojF7ÃA½�O�I6o1NJO��R�jxqv ¢ vPxqvP|`�RvX½XI6OPBRþ � �Eþ � Ã

{}|`�j{}xqvR��~�wd|`wR�A�6�dxqw¤½XIAOgBÙþ � !»o:QqQqhY¸JÅsþ � Ò�Ã#ojB6?¥�nvq©:{��Rwd�}���d���(�6vR��{ 2�vH��wd|`wR�A�6�dxqw¤½XIAOgBÙþ � �7/ � Å�þ Ú Ò½XIAOgFqOeþ Ú �Eþ � hJF�þ Ú !»o:QqQqhY¸JÅ�þ � Ò�º

ï�Æ�ï » ³s½g²:¯�±\®`½1¾R¿c°;À5¾-®$Á&³�Â�Ã�½«Â±½98X¾;:»³]²V±Ã�¿c¬�±Ä�Å$¯6®`½Ç§IAOgFqO�@nQ\BAhJTqIA@nBAGt@nB�THIA@pQ\G:OPBAOgFHoJmC@pQqOg?�oj¹6¹AFqh-oJ¸RI�THh�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO¦ojB�oj¹AIAh:FHo�THI6odT&FHOgÛ-EA@nFqO7QÉTqI�odT$TqIAOQqhJEAFR¸�OlhJi þ#�&D`O.ojB&¯tk&ÃghJF#THI6odT\oJB6oj¹6IAhJFÉD`O.o§¹AFHhJBAh:EAB�hJF;¯�k&ºPÖAh:F»O�·Aojµf¹AmnOJÃ�TqIAO.oJB-TqOg¸POg?YOgB-T;þ��hji»o�Qq@nBAGJEAmpojFs?AOPµfhJB6QSTqFRodTH@CN:OX¹AFHhJBAh:EAB*Å�@nB�>sBAG:mC@pQqI»Ã»¿VTHIA@pQqÁ�h:F�¿VTHI6odTRÁ:Ò&@pQlhji}THOPB�oJB¨v��dv�|�~]z6wj��{}~(�TqI�odT¤?YOgFq@nNJO7Q�i�Fqh:µ o*¸PmnoJE6QSO:ûo*QSOgB-TqOPB�¸�OJÃ=hJF�oLmpojFHGJOPF�EAB6@�T�@nB�TqI6O�FqO7¸�OPB-T�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO*Å�ÐtQqIAOgFgÃÈgÊ:ÊV�6Ì�ß�U�FHhJB»ÃAÎjÏ:Ï:ÎAÌ->¦¸R¼JOPFqTXojB6?z�-TqFHEAD`OJÃ�ÎJÏJÏ:ÏAÌ�� OgDAD�OgFgÃ=ÈgÊJÊ6È7Ò�º(��O�½X@Cmnm»QqOPO�TqI6ojTXTqIA@pQ§@pQ�TqIAO¸Po:QSO�½X@CTqI*?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�o:?YNJOgFqD6@noJmnQ�oJQ§½�OPmnm]º

ǧIAOXOP·-THOPB6Qq@nhJBf½¦O§µ�oj¼:O§Tqh�THIAOXGJOgBAOPFRojm�i�FRojµfOP½�hJFH¼�¹AFHOgQqOPB-TqO7?¤oJD�hdN:O§@CB�h:FH?YOgF$Tqh�@nB6¸�mnE6?YO?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO¤oJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQ�o:Q�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO!ojB6oJ¹AIAhJFRQgÃ6@pQtTHh*ojmnmChd½�µfhJFHO�G:OPBAOgFHoJm=i�E6B6¸�TH@Ch:B6Q</ � Tqh�D�OoJQHQqh�¸P@nojTqO7?�½X@�THIªmCOP·Y@n¸gojmnmCU-À�QS¹`Og¸P@�Ý6O7?¥ojB6oJ¹AIAh:FHQgº=´�Bª¹�ojFqTq@p¸�EAmpojF7ÃÉi�hJF¤TqI6Oc?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJmnQ

= �éP÷���ôSès�RïË�nü���� �^� ÷7æ£è(ñVéqç�ôVí(ôV÷�è(ù1ñ�û�ô.¢7ïRî��1þ£ôVè»æ£êtð]û1ô.ý#í(æ ð]æ£è(û>á\ïHð(æ£é�êdïRþF�Éé�ís�1ù1è+�

È7Î

Page 13: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

¸�h:B6Qq@n?YOgFqO7?¨@nB�THIA@pQ�¹6oj¹`OPF7Ã#TqIAO!i�EAB�¸�Tq@nhJB�oJQHQqh�¸P@nojTqO7?¨½X@CTqI�ojB�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJm\µ�oJ¹6Q�@�TRQ�ojB6oJ¹AIAhJFH@p¸ojFHGJE6µ!OgB-T�|�oJBLvP�1vP|6~(z6wd��{}~]�§?YOPFH@nNJOg?�i�Fqh:µ�TqI6OM¸�EAFHFqOgB-T&?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�¸PhJB-TqOP·�T�|�THh�o�i�EAB�¸�Tq@nhJB!THI6odToj¹6¹AmC@nOgQ�THh!TqIAO�@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJBchji$TqIAO�o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojm(Ô Q¦µ�ojTqFH@�·�¸PmnoJE6QSO�Å�@�TRQSOgm�ilojB�OPN:OPB-TqE6oJmC@CTVUAÒ�ºAǧIAOFHOgQqEAm�T�@pQ�o���{}|#wdx���xqv��nwd~({��d|�TqI6ojT�IAh:mn?6QtD`O�TV½�OPOgB¨TqI6O�TV½�h�OPN:OPB-TqE�ojmn@�TH@CO7Q�oJB6?*@pQ�o:?A?YO7?LTqh�TqIAO?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�¸PhJB-TqOP·�TgºAÖAh:FXO�·Aojµf¹AmnOJÃY@nBÅ��-ÎJÒ­~Jh:IAB�mnhdNJOgQ.ß�oJFqh:mCh�º(��h�I6OthJFR?YOgFqO7?�THIAFHOPOt¸goJQqOgQlhJiÉTqIAO¤Ô Ê °�ºJß�EYT�IAOtI6o:?!Tqh�¸gojB6¸POPm6TqIAO

hJFR?YOPFXD`Og¸gojE6QqO�IAOf~}�6v�|�?A@nQH¸�hdN:OPFHOg?�I6O�½§oJQ§D6Fqh:¼JOJº¿VTHIAOPB�ÁAÃ-Fqh:EAGJIAmnUfQS¹`OgoJ¼-@nBAG�Ã-¸PhJB-TqFH@CD6EYTqO7QlTqI6Oti�o:¸�T.THI6odT§@CTHQ¦µfojTqFH@�·�¸PmnoJE6QSO�OPN:OPB-T�Å�~:hJI6B�Ý6B6?Y@nBAGIAO§½§oJQ$DAFHhJ¼JO1Ò»@pQXw ¢ ~�v�x\TqI6O§oJB6oj¹6IAhJFH@n¸gojmnmCU-À�?YOPFH@nNJOg?�OgNJOPB-Tlhji�IA@nQ&h:FH?AOPFH@CBAGtTqIAO§½X@nBAOJº >X�Y@Cµf@nmnoJFqmnUJÃ@nBÅ��(�:Ò­~Jh:IABL?Y@n?AB»Ô T�I6o1NJO�OPBAh:EAGJI�µfhJBAOgU�Tqh�D6EAUco!µ�ojBAG:h6º±ô�|6��~�vRwJ�jÃAIAO�D`hJEAG:I-TXo!G:E6o1NdoAº

¿S@nB6QSTqO7oJ?AÁ�¸�h:B:THFq@nDAEYTHOgQ!THIAOLi�oJ¸�T!THI6odT�@CTHQ�µ�ojTqFH@�·�¸PmnoJE6QSOLOgNJOPB-T*Å�DAE6U-@nBAGªo GJE6o1Ndo-Ò�@pQ�oJQ�oJBojmCTqOgFqB�odTq@nNJO�THhfTqIAO�oJB6oj¹6IAhJFH@n¸gojmnmCU�?AOPFH@CN:Og?cOPNJOgB-TMhji&DAEAU�@CB6G�ofµfoJBAGJh�ºAǧIAO�FHOPmpodTq@nhJBLD`O�TV½�OPOgBTqI6O�TV½¦h�QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O7Q§@nQMQqhJµfOPTqIA@nBAGfmC@n¼JOfxqv���zY��~(ÃAoJQ§@nBá¿��hf@CB�QVTHOgoJ?»ÃYIAO�D�h:EAGJI-TMo!GJE6o1Ndo6º Á

¯MhJTqO¦TqI6ojT$h:EAF&hJBAmnU�¸�h:B6¸�OgFqB¤IAOPFHO.@pQ$½X@�THI�THIAO�¸PhJµf¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B6ojm�ojB6?¤ojB6oJ¹AIAh:Fq@p¸M��vR�H�6wd|6{p���¤�D�Uc½XI6@n¸RI¨o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojmpQX¸�h:B-TqFH@CDAEATqO�µfOgoJBA@nBAG6º6Ö6hJF�?YO�TRoj@nmCO7?*ojB6oJmCUYQq@nQ§hJi$THIAOP@nFtmnO�·Y@p¸PoJm=QSOgµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQÅ�D6EYT!B6h�odTqTqOPB-TH@Ch:B¥Tqh µ!O7¸RI6ojB6@nQqµ�Ò�ûTHIAO�FHOgo:?YOPF�@nQ¤FqOPi�OPFHFqO7?�Tqh�Ås~:o1U:OPÙ�oJB6?ªWXh-QqQHojFH@]Ã.ÈgÊJÊ:ËJo6Ì~-o1UJOPÙ�ojB�?�WMh:QHQqoJFq@(Ã#ÈgÊJÊ:ËjD»ÌYÑ\ojGJOgFq½�OPFqiVÃ`ÈgÊJÊ:ËAÌYÇ\FHoJEAGJhJTSTgÃ#È7ÊJÊ(¹AÌYÇ=FRojEAG:hjTqTgÃÉÈgÊ:Ê�°JÒ.oJB6?�hJTqIAOgFHQgº

ÖAh:Fqµ�oJmCmnUJû½�O�FHOP¹AFHOgQqOPB-T�THIAO�i�EAB�¸�Tq@nhJB�THI6odTfo¨?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJm%�¶¸PhJB-TqFH@nDAEYTqO7QPÃ\oJQ�o? À(OP·�¹6FqO7QqQq@Ch:BÜ@CB�N:hJmnN-@nBAG�o�DA@nB6ojFHU�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:BA@B� TqI�odTL@nQc@n?A@Ch-QSU�B6¸PFHojTq@p¸LTqh0�.Ã�hJBAO hji�½XIAh-QSOojFHGJE6µ!OgB-THQ�Å�FHOP¹6FqO7QSOgB:THOg?�IAOPFHO�D�U�TqIAO�NdoJFq@pojDAmnO7CED�Ò�@pQXFHOgQqhJmnNJOg?cojB6oJ¹AIAh:Fq@p¸PoJmCmnU#Õ

?�F ©6@B�=Å FHG CED!Ò@ � GJOPTHQf@CTHQ�hJTqIAOgF�ojFHGJEAµfOgB:T�¸�h:µf¹�h-QS@CTq@nhJB6oJmCmnUJÃl½XI6OPBáTqIA@pQ ? À(OP·Y¹AFqO7QqQq@nhJBá@nQ�oJ¹A¹Amn@CO7?�TqhI�.Ô Qµ�odTHFq@C·�¸PmnoJE6QSO�J�@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTqO7?co:QXojB�OPNJOgB-TqE6oJmC@CTVULK¼|fTHI6odTM@pQgÃ

� ?6F ©6@ � Å FMG CED¤ÒT�&KONP@ � ÅQK G CRD¤ÒǧIAO�FqO7QSE6m�T§hji=D`hjTHI�i�EAB�¸�Tq@nhJB�oj¹A¹6mC@p¸PojTq@nhJBcoJB6?�FHOgQqhJmnN�@CBAGRCED�THh!QqhJµfO�OPNJOgB-TqE6oJmC@CTVU«þ$Ú$?YOgFq@nNJO7?i�FHhJµ THIAO�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�¸�hJB-THO�·�T�Og@�THIAOPFX?Y@nFHOg¸�THmCU�h:F§D-U�o:QqQqhY¸�@podTH@Ch:B»Ã:@pQ¦TqIAO�¹AFHhJ¹`h:Qq@CTq@nhJBS@7�»ÅTK G þ�Ú�Ò�ÃhJB6O!hJi¦½XIAh-QSOfojFHGJE6µ!OgB-THQ!Å�þ Ú Ò�I6o:Q�D�OgOPB�QSEA¹6¹AmC@nOg? D�U*TqI6Of?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO¤¸PhJB-TqOP·�T�oJB6?¨THIAOfhjTHIAOPFÅQK»ÒXI6oJQ§D`OPOgBLQqEA¹A¹6mC@nOg?L¸�h:µf¹�h-QS@CTq@nhJB6oJmCmnU�i�FHhJµ QqU�B-THod·Éº

¯MhJTqO�THI6odT�TqIA@pQM@pQ�o ¢ �dx���wd�AµfhY?YOgm]Ã`µfOgojB-TMTHh�I6o1N:O�BAh�@nµ!¹6mC@p¸PojTq@nhJB6QMi�hJFtI6hd½â�#xq�7�Hv��R��{}|-yTHoJ¼JO7Q�¹AmpoJ¸�O:º§r�EAF�N-@nOP½àhji�¹AFHhY¸�O7QqQq@CB6G�@pQfTHI6odT�@CTc@pQfTHFq@nGJG:OPFHOg?�D-U�TqI6O�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO*o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojmojB�?*@�TRQtµ�ojTqFH@�·*¸�mpojE6QqOJº���@CN:OPBU�áojB�?OK&Ã�THIAO�FHOgQqhJmnEYTH@Ch:B�¹6FqhY¸�O7QqQMÝ6B6?AQ�ojB*OgNJOgB:THE6ojmn@CTVUÜþ Ú Å�hJF¸�FHOgojTqO7Q¤oJB�oj¹A¹6Fqh:¹AFq@podTHO�hJB6O�D�U¥o�DAFH@p?YGJ@nBAG¨@nBYi�OPFHOPB�¸�OJÃlo:Q�@nmCmnE6QSTqFRodTHOg?¥@nBªTHIAOcB6O�·�TfQqOg¸�Tq@nhJB�ÒQqE6¸RI�THI6odTV@7�»ÅTK G þ�Ú(Ò¤µ�oj¼:OgQfQqOPB6QqOc½X@CTqIáFHOgQq¹�O7¸�T!Tqh�TqIAOL?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOJºlǧIA@pQ¤@pQfD`OgQST�QqOPOgB�o:Q!o¸�h:B6QSTqFRoj@nB:T!QqojTq@pQVi�o:¸�Tq@nhJB�¹AFqh:DAmnOPµ QS@nµf@CmpojF¤Tqh�TqI6ojT¤hjiMFHOgQqhJmnN�@CB6G�o��d{p�P�R�dzYxR�Pv¨�:v�{��P~({��LÅ�ÐtQqIAOgFgÃÈgÊ:ÊV�6Ì1ß�U�FHhJB»ÃJÎJÏJÏ:ÎAÌd>.¸R¼JOgFSTlojB�?i��TqFHEAD�O:Ã:ÎjÏ:ÏJÏ6Ì$��OPD6D�OgFgÃ�ÈgÊJÊ6È7Ò�º1ǧI�odTs@pQPÃdTHIAOX¹AFHhY¸�OgQHQ$@CB�N:hJmnNJOgQÝ6B6?A@CBAG¥h:F�?YOPFH@CN�@nBAG�ojBáOPNJOgB-TqE6oJmC@CTVU�i�Fqh:µ TqI6OL¸PEAFHFqOgB:T�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�¸PhJB-TqOP·-T7Ã&TqI6ojT�µ!OgO�TRQ!TqIAO¸�h:B6QSTqFRoj@nB:TRQXhji&THIAO�oJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmɽX@CTqI*FHOgQq¹�O7¸�TMTHhfTqIAO¤OPN:OPB-TqE6oJmC@CTVU�@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJBLhJi$THIAO�µ�odTHFq@C·¸�mpojE�QSO:º»Å�>l·AoJµ!¹6mCO7Q§hji$TqIA@pQMojFHO�GJ@nNJOPBcTqI6Fqh:EAGJIAh:EYT§TqIAO�FHOgQSTXhji$TqIAO�¹�oj¹`OPF7º Ò

ï�Æ)W ¿�8.¯ X�³]²V±Ã�=¯�®��Y��¯6®"Z>À5¾�¬#­g±�±Ã�³�­g³�¾ ½ß�O�i�h:FqOfE6Qq@CB6GcTHIA@pQ�GJOgBAOPFRojmn@nQqOg?�N�@COg½ hji§ojB6oJ¹AIAh:FHo�Tqh*QqIAhd½ ½XI6ojT�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSOfoJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojmpQ�¸PhJBYÀTqFH@nDAEYTqOfTHh*?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO!ojB6? IAhd½�THIAOPU¨@nB-TqOgFHo:¸�T�½X@�THI�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO!FqOgmnojTq@nhJB6Q�TqI�odT�ojFH@nQqO¤i�Fqh:µ oJ?�À¾SojB�¸�OPB�¸�U*hJF�O�·Y¹Amn@p¸�@CT�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO¤¸PhJBABAO7¸�TH@CN:OgQgÃ�½�O�DAFH@nO�Þ6U¨?YO7Qq¸PFq@nD`O�IAhd½�½�O¤FHOP¹6FqO7QSOgB:T�¸�mpojE6QHojm@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJB6Q§@nBLmCh:GJ@p¸PoJm�i�h:Fqµ Å�Ñ=ÖlÒ�º

�X�é�í(÷7è$ïRê1÷Ë�1û1í(ïRè(ôVè=ð]ûdïHð=ënù7ê1ñ�ð(æ£é�ê�ïRè\÷1æ£è]ñVé�ù1í(è]ôsïR÷7ç�ôVí(ø1æ�ïRþ£è=ù1è(ù1ïRþ£þ õMûdïSç�ôséRð]û1ôVí\í]é�þ£ôSè=ïRè��ÉôVþ£þ ö ô�� ú��£òÞ(éRð]û1ôVís�=æ£è(ô.ßXïRþ£è]é�è]ôSí�ç�ôVè\ïRè=ïRê�ïR÷���ôSñ�ð]æ ç�ïRþ�îXéP÷1æ ¡dôVíSò7æ£êaÞ(ì5�»ïRèK���4[$�^�]\6^/�T�»égñVñVù��1æ£ôV÷E�=æ ð]û�ú�í(ïR÷1æ£ê1ú�ôT¢7ïRîXègß��³»û1æ£è»éqç�ôVí]þ£é�ïR÷1æ£ê1úXéRëAñVþ£é�è(ôV÷$�}ñVþ�ïRè]è\þ£ôT¢gæ£ñSé�pè]õgêPð(ïRñ�ð(æ£ñsæ ð]ôSîXè»æ£è»ê1éRð=ù1êPù1è(ù1ïRþ�æ£ê�ö�ê1ú�þ£æ£è(û-ò7ïRê1÷�ïRê�õïRî¦ø1æ£ú�ù1æ ð]æ£ôSèÉð]ûdïHð$ïRí(æ£è(ô$î�ù1è�ð»øJôlû1ïRê1÷1þ£ôV÷�ïRè��dïRí]ð=éRëAð]û1ôlê1é�í(îMïRþ:ïRî�ø7æ£ú�ù1æ ð}õtí(ôVè(é�þ£ù7ð]æ£é�ê>�1í(éPñVôSè]è^�

È1�

Page 14: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

>.QHQqOPB-Tq@pojmnmCU:û½�Ofi�hJmnmChd½ Å�ÂthJDAD6QgÃ.È7ÊJË�¹JÒ�@nB¥E6QS@nBAG¨o*FH@p¸RI�h:B-TqhJmnhJG:U�ojB�?¥oLFqOg¹AFqO7QSOgB-THodTH@Ch:BQH¸RIAOPµfO�TqI6ojT�µ�oj¼JO7Q!O�·Y¹Amn@n¸P@�T�oJmCm§THIAO*@CB�?Y@CN�@p?YE6oJmnQ�oJB6?�wJ���R~(xqw:��~f�J�Q_PvH�P~]��Å�@(º OJºnÃs¹AFHhJ¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B6QPÃi�oJ¸�THQ�´1D`OPmn@COPi�QMojB�?cOgNJOgB:THE6ojmn@CTq@nOgQRÒ�Å]ÐtQqIAOPF7ûÈ7ÊJÊV�-Òs@nB�NJh:mCN:Og?c@CB�TqI6O�mCh:GJ@p¸Pojm#i�h:Fqµ Å�Ñ=ÖlÒ§@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�ÀTHojTq@nhJBLhjilojBLEYTqTqOgFHoJB6¸�O:ºF� O�?Yh�QqhfD�O7¸PoJE6QSO�½�O�½�oJB-T�THh�µ�oj¼JO�@nB-TqEA@CTq@nhJB6QtojD`hJEYTM@nB6?Y@nN�@n?YE�ojmpQPÃOPN:OPB-TqE�ojmn@�TH@CO7QPÃsmnO�·Y@p¸PoJmMµfOgojB6@CBAGªoJB6?ÜojB�oj¹AIAh:FHo�o:Q�¸�mnOgojFcoJQ�¹`h:QHQS@nDAmnOJº.ß�EYT�¸�OPFqTHoJ@CB6mCU:ÃshjTHIAOPFi�hJFHµ�Q§hji&FqOg¹AFHOgQqOPB-THojTq@nhJBcoJFqO�¹`h:QHQS@nDAmnOJº

´�B¤TqIA@pQlÑ=Ö*FHOP¹6FqO7QSOgB:TRodTH@Ch:B�Qq¸RI6OPµfOJÃdO7oJ¸RI¤¸PmnoJE6QqO�oJB6?�O7oJ¸RI¤FqOgmnojTq@nhJB�D`O�TV½�OPOgB!¸PmnoJE6QqOgQ$@nQ&@nBYÀ?YOP·�O7?!D-U�TqIAOXmpojD`OPmYhJi�@CTHQso:QqQqhY¸�@podTqO7?cw:����~(xqwJ�P~&�:�`_PvR�P~]º���h6Ã1i�h:FlO�·Aojµf¹AmnOJÃ1THIAOMÑ=Ö�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:Bhji$TqI6O�QSOgB:THOPB6¸POÅ��Vµ-Ò­~Jh:IAB�mCOPi}TtD�O7¸PoJE6QSO�ƨoJFqU�mCOPi}Tgº

½�hJEAmp?�D�O�½XFH@�TqTqOgBþ1a1Õ mCOPi}T7Å£¾qÒËý*¾Vh:IAB=Å�¾qÒ�ýÑþ#bjÕ mnO�i}T7Å�µ�Ò�ýªµ�oJFqUÉÅ�µ�Ò�ý þ#cjÕ D�O7¸PojE�QSO-Å�þ1a1à þ#bPÒ

½XIAOgFqO¤TqIAO!Ý6FRQST�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-T�hJisTqI6Ofo:QSU�µfµfO�THFq@p¸�DA@nB6oJFqU*¹AFHOg?A@n¸godTqO*�RvR�Hwjz��Pvt@pQ�TqI6O!¸PhJB6QqOgÛ-EAOgB:TojB�?�THIAO�QqOg¸PhJB6?�@nQ\THIAO§OPNJOgB-TqE6oJmC@CTVU�mCO7oJ?Y@nBAGtTqh�TqIA@pQ&¸�h:B6QSO7Û-EAOPB-TgºdǧI�E6Q$½XIAOgB ¿qD�O7¸PojE�QSO7ÁMhY¸P¸PEAFHQQqOPB-TqOgB6¸�OPÀ(µfOg?A@noJmCmnUJÃÉoJQ�@nB�THIAO�ojD`hdNJO!O�·Aojµf¹AmnOJÃ`THIAOfOPNJOgB-TqE6oJmC@CTVU¨ojFHGJEAµfOgB:TRQ�oJFqO!@nB�THIAO�QqoJµ!OhJFR?YOgF�o:QsTHIAOP@nFX¸�hJFHFHOgQq¹�h:B6?Y@nBAG�¸�mpojE�QSO7Q.hY¸P¸PEAF�@CBcTqIAO�TqOP·�Tgº �ÜIAOPBá¿SD`Og¸gojE6QqOgÁ�h�¸g¸�EAFRQ�QSOgB:THOPB6¸PO�À@nBA@�TH@noJmCmnU�Å]oJQ�@nB¿qß�Og¸gojE6QqO!Æ�ojFHU*mCOPi}TgÃ;~:hJIAB�?Y@p?AÁ:Ò�ÃÉTqI6O�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B�hJi¦THIAO�QSO7¸�hJB�? ¸PmnoJE6QSOÅ�¿H~Jh:IABk� mnO�i}T^�}ÒX½X@Cmnm\oJ¹A¹�O7ojFMo:Q�TqIAO�Ý�FHQSTtojFHGJEAµfOgB:TMoJB6?cTqIAO�@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:BchJi\THIAO�Ý6FRQVTt¸PmnoJE6QSOÅ�¿HƨojFHU�mnO�i}TRÁ:Ò�½X@nmCm=oJ¹A¹`OgojFXo:Q�TqIAO�QqOg¸PhJB6?ɺ d

ǧIAOfQSOPT�hJi¦o1Ndoj@nmnoJDAmnO�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO¤FqOPi�OPFHOPB-THQ�@nB6¸�mnE6?YO7Q�D`hjTHI�@nB6?Y@nN�@n?YE�ojmpQ�mn@n¼JOBeLoJB6?,f�Ã#DAEYTojmpQqhtojD6QSTqFRoJ¸�T=hJDA¾VOg¸�TRQ»mn@C¼:Ofþ1aloJB6?eþ#bjº$� O.TqIAOgB�FHOP¹AFHOgQqOPB-T=FHOgQqhJmnNJO7?�oJB6oj¹6IAhJFRQÉD�U�FHO�À�E6Qq@CB6GXTqIAO7QSO?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�FHO�i�OgFqOgB-THQgºF�Yh6ÃYi�h:FXO�·Aojµf¹AmnOJÃ�THIAO�Ñ=Ö�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B�hJi\THIAO�i�hJmnmChd½§À�hJB�QSOgB-TqOPB�¸�OÅ���¹JÒcǧIA@pQXEA¹6QqO�TË��E6OJº

½�hJEAmp?�D�O�½XFH@�TqTqOgBþ�gJÕ EA¹6QqO�TgÔpÅ���k.WMr¤Ã6QRÒ�ý�QSEAO:ÔnÅ]QHÒ

½XIAOgFqO���k.WMr�@pQ&TqI6OMojB6oJ¹AIAhJFH@p¸.NdojFH@pojDAmnO�¸PhJB-TqFH@nDAEYTqO7?�D�U�THIAOM?YOgµ!h:B6QSTqFRodTq@nNJO§¹AFHhJB6hJEAB ¿VTqI6@nQHÁAº��@nB6¸�O�THIAO�QSEADA¾VOg¸�TXhJit¿SEA¹�QSOPTHÁ!¸�hJE6mn?�D�O�OP@CTqI6OPF§TqI6O�OgNJOgB:THE6ojmn@CTVU!hJi�~:hJIAB=Ô Q�mnOgo1N�@CB6G�hJF�THIAOti�o:¸�TTqI�odTMIAO�mnO�i}TMD`Og¸gojE6QqO�ƨojFHU�mnO�i}TgÃ{��k¦WXr ¸�h:EAmn?�D`O�FqO7QSh:mCN:Og?�TqhfOP@CTqIAOgF>þ1athJF�þ#cË|�@]º OJÃ

oAº�þ�gjÕ EA¹6QqO�T7ÔnÅsþ a Ã6QRÒ�ý�QqEAO:ÔnÅ]QHÒD»º�þ�gJÕ EA¹6QqO�T7ÔnÅsþ c ÃAQRÒ�ý�QqEAO:ÔnÅ]QHÒ

?YOg¹�OgB6?Y@nBAG¤h:B�½XIAOPTqIAOgF¦h:BAOMTHh-h:¼���EAO�Tqh�I�o1NJOMD`OPOgB�EA¹6QqO�T�D�U¨Å�o:Òf~Jh:IAB»Ô Q.mnOgo1N�@nBAG�h:F�Å�D`ÒlTHI6odTIAO�mnO�i}TMD`Og¸gojE6QqO�ƨojFHU�mnO�i}Tgº

ï�Æ4hji Å�¾ ɤ¯�¬#­g®1³�Á$±\­g³]¯�¬Ü¯ � » ³�½7²J¯`±=®`½$¾¼¿�°�À{¾-®�Á$³s±Ã�½f­7¯ » ³s½g²:¯�±\®`½1¾ È;¾�� ÂA¬#­7³�²V½ÂMOgFqOf½�O�QVTHOP¹�TqIAFHhJE6GJI QqhJµfOfO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7Q�hji�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOfoJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJmnQ�oJB6?�I6hd½ TqI6OPU¨µ�oj¼:O!TqIAOg@CFQqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸X¸�h:B-TqFH@CDAEATq@nhJB!Tqh�THIAOt?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqOX¸�hJB-THO�·�TgºA��OtQSTHoJFSTs½X@CTqI�>s·YoJµf¹AmCO��-ÎYÃjFHOP¹`OgojTqOg?!IAOgFqOoJQ�Ås�JÓ-Ò�º

�X�ôsïRí(ô\ê1éRð=ñVþ�ïRæ£îXæ£ê1úlð(é¦ú�æ ç�ôlï¦÷1ô�ð(ïRæ£þ£ôV÷�è(ôVîMïRê�ð(æ£ñVèÉéRëY÷7æ£è(ñVé�ù1í(è]ô&ñVé�ê1ê1ôVñ�ð(æ ç�ôVè\ô.¢gñVô.�7ð=æ£ê1è(éRënïRí»ïRè#ð(û7ôVõtîMïVõïHâJôVñ�ð$û1é+�¨÷1æ£è(ñVé�ù1í]è(ôsïR÷7ç�ôVí]ø1æ�ïRþ£è$ïRí]ôlí(ôVè(é�þ ç�ôV÷��$³»ûgù1èSò7ëCé�í»ô.¢7ïRî��1þ£ô�ò$�#ôsïRí(ôlê1éRð=øjéRð(û7ôSí]æ£ê1ú§ð]é§÷1æ£è]ð]æ£ê1ú�ù1æ£è]ûøjô�ðp�ÉôVôVê�÷1æ âJôSí]ôVêPð=è(ôVê1è]ôVè\éRë�Þ(øjôVñSïRù1è(ô.ß&�nô.�1æ£è�ð(ôVîXæ£ñ&çgè^�7ê1é�ê$�}ô.�1æ£è�ð(ôVîXæ£ñ � òFÞs�=û1æ£þ£ô.ßE�Cð]ôVî��jé�í�ïRþ-çgè^�ñVé�ê1ñVôVè(è]æ ç�ô � ò{Þ(è(æ£ê7ñSô.ßm��ð(ôVî��jé�í�ïRþJç7è+�1ñSïRù1è(ïRþ � òjô�ð]ñ,�Aà\ëAñSé�ù7í(è(ô�ò1ð]û1ôVè(ôl÷7æ£è]ð]æ£ê1ñ�ð(æ£é�ê1è\ïRí(ôlæ£î��jé�í�ð�ïRê�ðÉð(é÷1æ£è]ñVé�ù1í(è]ôlæ£êPð]ôVíg�1í]ôVð(ïHð]æ£é�ê-òjø1ù7ð»ð]û1ô�õ�ïRí]ô&æ£ê1÷1ô.�jôVê1÷1ôVêPð$éRë�ïRê1÷�é�í�ð(û1é�ú�é�ê1ïRþ�ð(é�ð]û1ôK�jé�æ£êPð]è=îMïR÷1ô&æ£êMð(û1æ£è�dï�jôVí^�A£gæ£îXæ£þ�ïRí(þ õ�ò3�$è]û1ôVíK� � ��� Ý � ïRí(ú�ù1ôVè»ð(ûdïHð$ï�è]æ£î��1þ£ô$é�ê�ð(é�þ£é�úRõ�éRë6ô�ç�ôSê�ð]ùdïRþ£æ ð(æ£ôVè\æ£è»ð]éPé§ñVé�ïRí(è(ôT�}ú�í(ïRæ£ê1ôV÷-òïRê1÷tð(û1ïHð$÷1æ£è]ñVé�ù1í(è]ôlí(ô.�1í(ôVè]ôSê�ð(ïHð(æ£é�ê1è\ê1ôVôV÷�ð(é�÷1æ£è]ð]æ£ê1ú�ù1æ£è]û�÷1æ âJôVí(ôVê�ð��Pæ£ê1÷1è=éRë6ïRø1è�ð(í(ïRñVð\é�ø���ôVñ�ð(èSòdæ£ê1ñVþ£ù1÷1æ£ê1úïRñ�ð]æ£é�ê1èqò`�7í(é��jé�è(æ ð]æ£é�ê1è\ïRê1÷�ënïRñ�ð(è\ïRè;�#ôSþ£þ-ïRè\ô�ç�ôVê�ð(ùdïRþ£æ ð]æ£ôVè^�Jå$æ âJôVí(ôVê�ð=÷1æ£è(ñVé�ù1í]è(ô&ñVé�ê1ê1ôVñ�ð]æ ç�ôSè��\æ£þ£þ:í(ô.¤Pù1æ£í(ô÷1æ âJôVí(ôVê�ð��Pæ£ê1÷1è»éRë�ïRø1è�ð(í(ïRñVð\é�ø���ôVñ�ð(è\ïRè$ïRí]ú�ù1îXôVêPð]è^�$³»û1æ£è»÷1æ£è]ð]æ£ê1ñ�ð(æ£é�ê�æ£è=ïRþ£è(é§é�í�ð(û1é�ú�é�ê1ïRþ�ð(é�ð]û1ôb�jé�æ£ê�ð(èîMïR÷1ô$æ£ê�ð]û1æ£è��dï�jôSíSòdøjôVñqïRù7è(ôb�ÉôlñSïRê�ù1ê7÷1ôVí(è]ð(ïRê1÷�ð]û1ôVè(ô.ïRø1è�ð(í(ïRñ�ð$í]ôVëCôVí(ôVê�ð(è»ð(é�øJôsïRè]è(éPñVæ�ïHð(ôVè$éRëYð]û1ôñVé�í(í]ôVèg�jé�ê1÷1æ£ê1ú��=é�ø1ø1è]æ�ïRê�ô�ç�ôVêPð]ùdïRþ£æ ð]æ£ôSè$ïRê1÷�þ£ôSïVç�ô&ð(û1ô.ï���7í(é��1í]æ�ïHð(ôlñ�û7é�æ£ñSôlð]é�ð]û1ôsþ£ô.¢gæ£ñSïRþ�è(ôVîMïRê�ð(æ£ñVè»éRë÷1æ£è]ñVé�ù1í(è]ôlñSé�ê7ê1ôVñVð]æ ç�ôVè^�Jý`õgí(é�ê_�pü�����ü � ïR÷7ç�égñSïHð]ôVèlï¦è]æ£îXæ£þ�ïRíÉï���1í]é�ïRñ�û�ð]é§í(ôVè(é�þ çgæ£ê1ú§÷7æ£è(ñVé�ù1í(è]ôlïRêdï�1û7é�í�ï$�

È3µ

Page 15: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

Å��:Ó:ÒcoAº�~:hJI6BcmnhdNJO7Q�ߧoJFqh:mCh�ºD»º{��h�I6O�h:FH?AOPFHOg?�THIAFHOPO�¸Po:QSO7Q�hji$TqIAO�Ô Ê�°Yº¸jº6ß�EYTMI6O�I6oJ?�Tqh�¸PoJB6¸�OgmÉTqI6O�hJFR?YOPF?ɺAD`Og¸gojE6QqO�IAO�~}�6v�|�?A@nQH¸�hdN:OPFHOg?�IAO�½§oJQ§D6Fqh:¼JOJº

KtQq@nBAGfTqIAO�oJD�hdN:O�Ñ\ÖªFHOP¹AFHOgQqOPB-TRodTq@nhJB�Qq¸RI6OPµfO�ojB6?chJEAFXB6hjTHojTq@nhJBci�Fqh:µ���O7¸�Tq@nhJB¨ÎAº ÎAÃYB6ojµfOPmnU

k ����TqIAO�oJB6oj¹AI6hJFH@n¸�O�·Y¹AFHOgQHQS@nhJB�Å�IAOgFqO:Ã�TqIAO�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojm}Òk @ � ��TqI6O�FqOgmnojTq@nhJB�B�ojµfO�mC@nBA¼:Og?c½X@�THIl�k Jm�4TqI6O�µfojTqFH@�·�¸�mpojE6QqO�´jQSOgB:THOPB6¸PO�¸PhJB-THoJ@CB6@CBAG9�k Kj��TqI6O�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B�hJinJ�oJQXoJB�oJD6QVTHFHo:¸�TXhJDA¾VOg¸�T

ojB�?�@CG:BAhJFH@CB6G6Ã$i�hJF�B6hd½�ÃlTqIAO ¸�hJBj¾VEAB6¸�TH@Ch:B ¿SD`Og¸PoJE6QqOgÁ�Å}THhªD�O¨?A@nQH¸�E6QHQqOg?á@CB¸�YOg¸�TH@Ch:B �:Ò�ÃsTqIAOFHOPmnOPNdojB-TXOPmnOPµfOPB-TRQXhji§Å��JÓ:?6Ò§¸PoJBcD`O�FHOP¹AFHOgQqOPB-TqO7?�o:QPÕ

��� ~}�6v�|@B�,� w ¢ ~�vPxJm�IAO�� ~Jh:IABF�=?Y@pQH¸�hdNJOgFqO7?�IAO�½§oJQ§DAFHhJ¼:OKj� þ�gJÕ Ý6B6?»Å�¾�à þ#o1Ò�ÃA½XI6OPFHOmþ#oJÕ DAFHhJ¼:O:Å�¾qÒ

ǧIA@pQXµfOgoJB6Q�TqI6ojTXTqIAO�E6BAFqO7QSh:mCN:Og?�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:BchJi�Ås�JÓJ?�Ò�@nQ� ? · ºp@ � Å}·Éà CRD¤ÒT�&KqN � ? · º\w ¢ ~�vPx�Å}·Éà CED¤ÒT��þ�gRN w ¢ ~�v�x�Åsþrg G CRD�Ò

ǧIAO�ojB6oJ¹AIAhJFH@p¸*ojFHGJEAµfOPB-TLCED @nQ�FqO7QSh:mCN:Og?�Tqh¥THIAO�OgNJOgB:THE6ojmn@CTVU þ b Ã�?YOPFH@CN:Og?ái�FHhJµ Å��:ÓjD�Òa|þ b Õ hJFR?YOPF1Å£¾�Ã�s a Ò�º

w ¢ ~�v�x�Åsþ�g:à CED�Ò(* w ¢ ~�v�x�Åsþrg-à þ b ÒǧI6ojT�@pQPÃ:TqI6OtOPN:OPB-TqE�ojmn@�TVUfhji;~:hJI6BfÝ6B6?Y@nBAG!IAOt½§oJQ.DAFqh:¼JOM@pQ�odi}TqOgF.THI6odT�hji�~:hJI6B�hJFR?YOPFH@CB6G�TqIAFHOPO¸Po:QSO7Q�hJiXTqIAO�Ô Ê�°LߧojFHhJmnh6º$ǧIAO�FHOgQqEAmCTq@nBAG�¹6Fqh:¹�h-QS@CTq@nhJBâw ¢ ~�vPx�Å�þ�g-à þ b Ò�½�hJEAmp?�D�O�GJ@nNJOgBª@CTHQ¤hd½XB@nB6?YO�·ÉÃ�þ#tJÃ6ojB6?�oJ?6?YOg?cTqh!THIAO�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�¸PhJB-TqOP·-T7º

�ÜIAOgBÚ¿STqIAOgB6Á @�T�EAB�?YOPFRQVTHh�h�?ªTqOgµ!¹`hJFRojmnmnUJÃsoJQ!@CT�@nQ�oJD�hdN:OJÃloJQ!h:¹A¹�h-QSO7?¥THh�mnhJG:@n¸gojmnmCU:Ã&@�TFHOgÛ-EA@nFqO7Qso�¸�E6mCµf@nB6odTHOg?fOPN:OPB-TqE�ojmn@�TVU�i�Fqh:µ THIAO�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqOX¸�hJB-THO�·�T¦oJQs@�TRQsÝ6FRQST.ojFHGJEAµfOPB-TtÅ�½XIA@n¸RIÅ¥�lOgB6?YmnOPF7Ã�È7ÊJÓ °jÒ$¸PoJmCmpQsojB�w:�H�Y{�v��dvP�fvP|6~`hJF.oJB�wJ�R�R�d�t�`��{p�q�Y�fvP|6~}Ò�ºYǧIAOMh:FH?AOPFH@CBAG�OgNJOPB-T.@nB¨Å��:ÓjD�Ò@pQ¤QqE6¸RIªojBk�lOgB6?YmnOPFH@noJBªoJ¸g¸�hJµf¹Amn@pQSIAµfOgB:T7º»´�B�>s·YoJµf¹AmCO�� °cTqI6hJEAG:I»Ã»THIAOPFHO�@pQ�BAh�¸PEAmnµ!@nB6ojTqOg?OPN:OPB-TqE�ojmn@�TVU�@nB�TqIAO�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�¸�hJB-THO�·�T§i�hJF�¿STqIAOgB6Á¤Tqh!THoJ¼JO�oJQ§@CTHQ§Ý�FHQSTMojFHGJEAµfOPB-T7ºÅ�� °jÒcoAº{��hf½�OgQSTXhJBLÑ=ojB�¸PoJQSTqOgFMÐMN:OPB�EAOJº

D»º� #�AvP|�THEAFqB�FH@CG:I:TXh:BR}¦h:EAB-TVU�Ñ»@nBAOJºÂMhd½?Yh�OgQ�Ås��°dD�Ò¦GJO�TM@CTHQ§@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:B�ã

ÐtQM½X@�THI�Ås�JÓ:?6Ò�Ã�THIAO�FqOgmCOgNdojB-TXOPmnOPµfOPB-THQ§hJi§Ås��°dD�Ò�¸PojBLD`O�FqOg¹AFHOgQqOPB-TqO7?�oJQ��� ~}�6v�|@ � � w ¢ ~�vPxJm�4TqE6FqBLFH@CG:I:TXh:BR}¦h:EAB-TVU�Ñ»@nBAOKj� þ c Õ TqEAFHBYÀ�Fq@nGJI-T1Å`uwv#x\Ãwsyv#x z|{]u }`~�z�þdÒ

ojB�?�THIAO�EABAFHOgQqhJmnNJO7?�@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJB�hji§Å�� °1D�Ò�@pQ�TqI�E6Q� ? ·�º\w ¢ ~�vPx�Å}·ÉÃ6CED¤Ò��pþ c N w ¢ ~�vPx�Å�þ c ÃpCED�Ò

ÐtQ�i�hJF�FHOgQqhJmnN�@CBAGlCED�ÃÉ@CB¥oL½�OPmnm�À�¼�BAhd½XB�¹6oJ¹�OgFgÃ\Æ*h�OPB6Q�oJB6?k�-TqOgOg?Yµ�ojBÜÅSÈgÊJË:Ë:Ò�?Y@pQq¸PE6QqQ�QqOPN-ÀOPFRojm¦½�o1UYQ�@nB¥½XIA@p¸RI�ojB¥OgNJOgB:THE6ojmn@CTVU�hjiMh:BAO�TVU�¹`O�Å�O:º G�ºCÃ$o��`xq�7�Rv��R�SÒ¤¸PojB�D`Oc¸Ph-OgFH¸POg?�@nB-Tqh�oJBOPN:OPB-TqE�ojmn@�TVU hjiMojBAhJTqIAOgF�TVU�¹�O�Å�OJº G6ºnÃ=ojBâw:�R�H�j�M�#��{p�q����v�|�~]Ã$½XIA@p¸RI¥Æ*h�OPB6Q¤ojB6?k�-THOPOg?AµfoJBª¸PoJmCm

È$¹

Page 16: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

o��PzY���!{}|`wd~�vR�f�#xq�7�Hv��R�SÒ�º=´�B�THIA@pQ�¸Po:QSO:ÃÉTqI6O�µ�odTqFH@C·�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-T�hji�¿VTHIAOPB6Á¥Å�TqIAOcOPN:OPB-TqE6oJmC@CTVU�hJi¿VTHEAFHBA@CB6G�Fq@nGJI-Tth:B }¦hJEAB-TVULÑ»@nBAOgÁ-ÒX¸PoJB*D�O¤E6QqOg?�Tqhc¸�h�OPFR¸�O�THIAO�¹AFHhY¸�O7QqQtOPNJOgB-TqE6oJmC@CTVU�@nB�Å�� °1D�Ò@nB:THh�o�¸�E6mCµf@nB6odTHOg?¨¹6FqhY¸�O7QqQthji�¿qGJh:@CBAG�½¦O7QVT�hJB�Ñ=ojB�¸PoJQSTqOgF�ÐtNJOPB�EAO¤EAB-Tq@nmX}¦hJEAB-TVU*Ñ»@nBAO7ÁAº5� OTqFHOgojT�THIA@nQ�¸�h�OgFH¸P@Ch:B oJQ�o¥TVU-¹`O�hJicw1�R�P�g�P{�wd~({}�dv�hJF��Px�{��PyJ{}|-y @nBYi�OPFHOPB�¸�OJçoJQ�@CB TqIAO O�·Aojµf¹AmnOgQ?Y@pQq¸PE6QHQSO7?c@nBR��Og¸�Tq@nhJB¨ÎYºnÈJºAǧI6ojTX@nQgÃ

þ#bE��¸�E6mCµf@nB6odTH@Ch:B=Å�þ1a�Òy!»oJQHQShY¸:Å�þ1a�Ò�ÃA½XIAOPFHO&þ1a1Õ GJhjÀ�½�OgQST7Å`uwv#x$Ãw}Q��z�sy�w�r{.þr� ����þdÒÇ$oj¼�@CB6G¤THIA@pQ�þ b oJQ�TqI6O�ojB6oJ¹AIAhJFH@p¸�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-TCRDÚhji�¿STqIAOgB6Á!U�@COgmn?AQXTqIAO�¹AFHhJ¹`h:Qq@CTq@nhJB

w ¢ ~�v�x�Åsþ#cJÃ�þ#b7Ò

ǧI6ojT¤@pQPÃ=TqIAO�OgNJOgB:THE6ojmn@CTVU hJi�THEAFHBA@CB6G¨Fq@nGJI-T�h:B:THh¶}¦@CTVU�Ñ=@CBAO�@nQ¤odi}TqOgF�THI6odT!hjiXGJh:@CBAG*½�OgQST�h:BÑ=oJB6¸Po:QVTHOPFfÐMN:OPB�EAO�THhk}¦@CTVUªÑ»@nBAO:º&ǧI6@nQ!¹AFHhJ¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B¥½¦h:EAmp?ªD`Oc@nB6?YOP·�O7?�oJB6?�o:?A?YOg?¥Tqh TqIAO?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�¸PhJB-TqOP·�Tgº

´�TM@pQX@Cµf¹`hJFqTHoJB:TXTHh�QVTHFqO7QqQ§IAOgFqO�THI6odTXTHIAO�mnOPNJOgm»hji$FqOg¹AFHOgQqOPB-THojTq@nhJB�½¦O�ojFHO�¸�h:B6¸�OgFqBAO7?�½X@CTqI@pQ�OgQHQSOgB-Tq@pojmnmCU¨o��C�Hyj{��Rwj� ¢ �dx�� Å�Ñ=ÖlÒ�i�h:F�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOJºÉÐtB-U FqO7oJQqhJBA@nBAG�TqI6ojT�µ!@nGJI-T�TqI6OPB�I6o1NJO¤TqhD`O¨?YhJBAO�hJB�TqI6OP@nF�¸�hJB-THOPB-T!µf@nGJI-TfTqIAOgB�FHOgÛ-EA@nFHOcµ�oj¼�@nBAG�O�·Y¹Amn@n¸P@�TfTqI6OL?A@�Ø#OPFHOPB-T�µfh�?6ojmMojB�?TqOgµf¹�h:FHoJm`¸PhJB-TqOP·-TRQ.@nB�NJh:mCN:Og?ÉÃ:TqIAOg@CF§oJ¸g¸�O7QqQq@CD6@Cmn@�TVUfFHOPmpodTH@Ch:B6QPÃJTqIAO�QSTHodTHE6Q¦hji\oJD6QVTHFHo:¸�T.h:DY¾VOg¸�THQ�oJQi�oJ¸�THQgÃ6¹AFHhJ¹`h:Qq@CTq@nhJB6Q�hJFtOPNJOgB-TqE6oJmC@CTq@nOgQgÃYO�TR¸jº6ß�EYT�o:Q§hJEAFXG:h:oJmÉIAOPFHO�@nQM¹AFq@nµ�ojFH@CmnU�THh�¸Poj¹ATqEAFHO�TqIAO��vH�R�Awj|6{p����@CB�½XIA@n¸RI¤?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO.o:?YNJOgFqD6@noJmnQ»oJFqO.@CB�NJh:mCN:Og?�@nB�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO¦QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFHO.oJB6?�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOQqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQgÃɽ�O!½X@nmnm.¸�h:B:TH@CB�EAO!THhLo:QqQqEAµfO!i�hJF�o:Q�mnhJB6GLo:Q�¹�h-QqQq@nDAmCO!THI6odT�oLÑ=Ö FqOg¹AFqO7QSOgB-THodTH@Ch:B½X@nmCm=QqEYÄ�¸�O:º

¯Mhd½�@CT$µ�o1U�oj¹A¹`OgoJF\o:Q=@CiYTqIAOgFqO¦@nQ\BAh�?Y@�Ø#OPFHOPB�¸�O.D`O�TV½�OPOgB�TqFHOgojTq@nBAGto:?YNJOgFqDA@pojmpQ»o:Q=ojB�oj¹AIAh:FHQojB�?¨THFqO7odTq@nBAG�TqIAOgµ oJQ�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHoJm$¸PhJBAB6Og¸�TH@CN:OgQgÃ�O7QS¹`Og¸P@noJmCmnU*@nB�¸goJQqOgQ�mC@n¼JOLÅ�� °jÒt½XIAOPFHO�THIAOfojBYÀTqO7¸�O7?YOPB-T�¸PhJµfOgQ�i�FHhJµ TqIAO�@nµfµfOg?Y@podTHOPmnU�mnO�i}TSÀ�oJ?d¾SoJ¸�OgB-Tt¸�hJB-THO�·�TgÃ6oJB6?�½XIAOPFHO�TqI6O�hJBAmnU�h:D-N�@nhJE6QQqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸MFHOPmpodTH@Ch:BfD�OPTV½¦OgOPB�THIAO�o:?1¾SoJ¸POPB-T¦QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O7Q.oj¹6¹�O7ojFRQ&Tqh�D`OMTHIAOth:BAOtOP·Y¹AFqO7QqQqOg?!D�U¤TqIAO?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojm(ºYÅ(rtiɸ�h:EAFHQqOJÃ7THIAOPFHO§µfo1U¤ojmpQSh�D�OMo�QqOP¹6oJFHojTqO�{}|6~�v�|�~]{��j|`wd�1FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B¤D`O�TV½�OPOgBTqI6OfTV½¦h*QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O7Q�Å�Æ*h�hJFHO�ojB6?�k&hJmnmpoJ¸R¼#Ã\È7ÊJÊ-ÎJÒ�Ã#@nB6?YOg¹�OgB6?YOPB-T�hJi¦THIAO�FqOgmnojTq@nhJB�¸�hJB�N:OPUJO7?¨D�UTqI6O�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�oJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojm(º Ò

r�BAO�µ�E6QSTM?Y@pQVTH@CBAG:EA@pQSI»ÃYI6hd½¦OgNJOPF7Ã-D�OPTV½¦OgOPB�½XI6O�TqI6OPFMo�TqIAOghJFHU�ojmnmChd½MQ�of?Y@nQSTq@nB6¸�Tq@nhJBcTqh!D�Oµ�oJ?YO�ojB6?�½XIAO�THIAOPF�TqI�odT�?A@nQSTq@nB6¸�TH@Ch:B�BAOgOg?AQ.Tqh¤D�O�µ�oJ?YO�@CB�o�¹6ojFqTq@p¸�E6mnoJF¦¸Po:QSO:º:´�T�@nQ�¸�mnOgoJFsTHI6odTTqI6OPFHO¤ojFHO�µ�ojB�ULO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7QM½XIAOgFqO�TqIAO�TV½¦h�oj¹A¹AFHh:o:¸RIAOgQ�Å�@(º O:ºCÃ#o�¹AE6FqOgmCU*QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHoJm»THFqO7odTqµfOgB:Thjilojmnmɸ�h:BABAOg¸�Tq@nNJO7QPÃYN:OPFRQSE6Q¦hJB6O�THI6odTXTHFqO7odTRQ�o:?YNJOgFqD6@noJmnQ�oJQ§mn@CB6¼-@nBAGf@nB:THh!TqIAO�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�¸PhJB-TqOP·-TojB�oj¹AIAh:Fq@p¸PoJmCmnUAÒtoJ¹A¹`OgojF�THh�µ�oJ¼JO¤TqIAO�QHojµfO!¹AFqO7?Y@p¸�Tq@nhJB=º»ÂMhd½�OPNJOgFgÃ#½�O¤I�o1NJOfojmnFqO7oJ?YU¨?YOgµfhJBYÀQSTqFRodTqO7?L¸PoJQqOgQM½XIAOPFHO�of¹AEAFHOPmnUcQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFRojm»oJ¸g¸�h:EAB-TMµfoJ¼JO7Q�TqIAO�½XFHhJB6G!¹6FqO7?Y@n¸�Tq@nhJB»Ã�ojB6?L@nB�TqIAOBAOP·-TXQqOg¸�TH@Ch:B»Ã�½¦O�½X@CmnmÉ?YOPµfh:B6QVTHFHojTqOtTqIAO�oJ?A?A@�TH@Ch:B6ojm`¹�hd½�OPF¦hji\oJB�oJ¸g¸�h:EAB-T.TqI�odTXojmnmChd½MQsi�hJF�~]�.�FHOPmpodTq@nhJB�Q�D`O�TV½�OPOgB�ojB�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJm]Ô Q�µ�ojTqFH@�·ª¸�mpojE�QSOchJFfQSOgB:THOPB6¸POcoJB6?�TqI6Oc¹AFHOPN�@nhJE6Q!?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO| h:BAO�ojFH@nQq@nBAG�i�Fqh:µ THIAO�ojB�oj¹AIAh:Fq@p¸f¸�h:BABAOg¸�Tq@nhJB¥ojB�?�TqIAO�hJTqIAOgF�@nBYi�OPFHFqO7? i�Fqh:µ o:?1¾SoJ¸POPB6¸PU¨hJF¸�h:B�NJOPU:Og?�O�·Y¹Amn@n¸P@�THmCUcD-Uco�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFRojmɸPhJBABAO7¸�TH@CN:OJº

ß�O�i�h:FqO�¸�mnh:Qq@nBAG�THIA@pQMQSO7¸�TH@Ch:B»ÃY½¦O�½§ojB-T§Tqh�QSTqOg¹cTHIAFHhJEAG:I�>s·YoJµf¹AmCO7Q�ÈgÊ�|AÎjÏ6Ã-FHOP¹`OgojTqO7?�IAOgFqOoJQX>s·Aojµf¹AmnOgQ��JË`| �:ÊAºÅ��:Ë:Ò�´�i\THIAO�mn@CG:I:TM@pQ§FHOg?ÉÃ6QSTqh:¹»ºbЧ~}�6v�x��l{p�Pv§U:hJE»Ô mnmÉGJO�Tto¤TH@n¸R¼:O�TgºÅ��:Ê:Ò�´�i\THIAO�mn@CG:I:TM@pQ§FHOg?ÉÃ6QSTqh:¹»ºbЧ~}�6v�x��l{p�Pv§G:h�QVTHFHoJ@CG:I:T§hJB=º

WXh:EAGJIAmnU¤Qq¹`Ogoj¼�@nBAG6Ã=¿ShjTHIAOPFH½X@pQSO7Á�¸PhJB�NJOgU�Q$THI6odT.TqIAO��R�d�t�`�nv���v�|�~lhji#@�TRQ.oJB6oj¹AI6hJFH@n¸gojmnmCU-À�?YOPFH@CN:Og?ojFHGJE6µ!OgB-T�QqOPFHNJO7Q�oJQ!THIAO��R�d|`�j{}~]{��j|âEAB�?YOPF�½XI6@n¸RIáTqI6O*@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B�hJi�@CTHQ�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFRojmMoJFSÀGJE6µ!OgB-TfI6hJmp?AQPºMÅ]ǧIA@pQ�¸�h:µ!¹6mCOgµ!OgB-Tfµ¤E6QSTfD`OL½X@�THI�FqO7QS¹`Og¸�T!THh¥QSh:µ!OL¸�h:B-TqO�·�THE6ojmnmCU¥FHOPmnOPNdoJB:TQqO�Tgºh�Q��Ò

� ���&í]ù1æ ��âA�¥�&é�í]ødïSõ�éSç|�ï¦ïRê1÷E�ôVø1øjôVíf�nü���� � ø � ÷7ôSîXé�ê7è]ð]í�ïHð]ô&ð(ûdïHð=ð]û1ô��T���T���]�����&^h�,���V���T�$�^���1�s�=éRëAè(ôVê�ð(ôVê1ñVôVè$æ£êð]û1ôK�1í(ô�çgæ£é�ù1è=÷1æ£è(ñVé�ù1í]è(ôC��ð(û7ôSîXôT�}í]û1ôVîXô��dïRí�ð(æ ð]æ£é�ê1æ£ê1ú1òjïRè��ÉôVþ£þ�ïRèÉëCégñVù1è��=æ ð(û7æ£ê�ð]û1ôVîXôlïRê1÷E�=æ ð]û1æ£ê�í]û1ôVîXô

ÈgÓ

Page 17: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

´�i»½�OMFqOg¹AFHOgQqOPB-T.o�¸PhJB6?Y@CTq@nhJB�ojm6FHOPmpodTH@Ch:BfD�OPTV½¦OgOPB�TV½�h�OPN:OPB-TqE�ojmn@�TH@CO7Ql½X@�THI�TqI6O�oJQqU�µfµ!OPTqFH@n¸FHOPmpodTq@nhJB�{ ¢ Å�þ a à þ b Ò�Ã6½XI6OPFHOmþ a @pQM?YOgFq@nN�NJOg?�i�FHhJµ THIAO�wd|�~�vR�RvR�JvP|6~=oJB6?zþ b ÃYi�Fqh:µ THIAO��R�d|A�Pv�Pz6v�|�~]ÃojB�?ª½�O�oJ¹A¹AFHh1·�@nµ�odTHO�o�Qq@CB6GJmnO�¸PhJB-TqOP·-THE6ojmnmnU�FHOPmnOPNdoJB:TfojmCTqOgFqB6ojTq@nNJOÜþ b Tqh�ojB�OPNJOgB-TqE6oJmC@CTVUkþ aE6Qq@CB6G�o!QqU�µfµ!OPTqFH@n¸��R�j�M�#�Cv���vP|6~»FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B»Ã=�R�d�t�`�CvP�fvP|6~�Å�þ a G þ b Òf|�THIAOPBL½�O�¸gojBLFHOP¹AFHOgQqOPB-T�TqIAO@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJB�hji�¿ShJTqIAOgFq½X@pQSO7Á�o:Q

? · º={ ¢ ÅTDRC�ÃY·6Ò�ÃY½XIAOgFqO��R�d�t�`�nv���v�|�~(Å�DEC G CED¤Ò½XIAOgFqOfNdojFH@noJDAmnO�CRD @pQ�FHOgQqhJmnNJO7?¨ojB6oJ¹AIAh:Fq@p¸PoJmCmnULTqh*ojB�OPN:OPB-TqE�ojmn@�TVU¨@nB TqIAO�¸PEAFqFHOPB-T�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO¸�h:B-TqO�·�T�TqI6ojT�o:?Yµf@�TRQ�o¤¸�h:µ!¹6mCOgµ!OgB-TgºYǧI6odT�@nQgÃ&¿ShJTqIAOgFq½X@pQSO7Á�FqO7Û-EA@CFHOgQ¦o¤¸PhJB-TqOP·�TqE6oJmCmnU¤FHOPmnOPNdoJB:T¸�h:µf¹AmCOgµfOPB-T�THh�@CTHQ�ojB-THOg¸�O7?YOPB-T�ojB6?¨o:QqQqOPFqTHQMTqI6ojT�@CisTHI6odT�¸�h:µ!¹6mCOgµ!OgB-T�IAh:mn?6QPÃ�TqIAOfojFHGJE6µ!OgB-TTqhcTqI6O ? À(OP·Y¹AFqO7QqQq@nhJB¨½X@nmCm(ºÉǧIAO!FqO7QSEAmCTq@nBAG ? À�O�·Y¹AFHOgQHQS@nhJB¨oJ¹A¹Amn@CO7Q�Tqh�THIAOf@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJB*hji.TqIAOµ�odTHFq@C· ¸�mpojE�QSO!hji!¿ShjTHIAOPFH½X@pQSO7ÁAÃ`FqO7QSEAmCTq@nBAG�@CB TqI6Of¸PhJB6?A@�TH@Ch:B6ojm&D`OP@nBAG*oJ?A?YO7?¨THh�TqIAO�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO¸�h:B-TqO�·�T7Õ

� ? · º={ ¢ ÅTDRC�à ·6ÒT�HKjN { ¢ ÅTD�C�à K»Ò�ÃA½XI6OPFHO��R�j�M�#�Cv���vP|6~�ÅTDRC�à CRD�ÒÂMOgFqO�THIAO�FHOPmnOPNdojB-TXOPmnOPµfOPB-TRQ§hjiXÅ��JËJD�Ò�ojB6?�Å��:ÊjD�Ò§¸gojB�D�O�FHOP¹6FqO7QSOgB:THOg?coJQ

��� hjTqI6OPFH½X@nQqO@B�,� { ¢J|c'�E��U:hJE�G:O�Tto¤Tq@p¸R¼JOPTK6c'�R� þ#cJÃA½XIAOPFHO&þ#cjÕ GJO�T Tq@p¸R¼JO�T1Å�U:hJE�ÒJ|c'�E��G:h!QSTqFRoj@nGJI-TXhJBK c'� � þ c'� ÃA½XIAOgFqO&þ c'� Õ GJh QSTqFRoj@nGJI-T7Å�UJh:E�Ò

ǧIAO�EAB6FqO7QSh:mCN:Og?�@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:B6Q§hji§Å��JËJD�Ò§ojB�? Ås�JÊjD`Ò¦oJFqO�THI-E�QPÕ� ? · º={ ¢ ÅTDRC(c��:à ·AÒT��þ#c�N { ¢ ÅTDRC(c'�jà þ�c7Ò�ÃA½XI6OPFHO��R�j�M�#�Cv���vP|6~�ÅTDRC(c��:à CED6c'�gÒ� ? · º={ ¢ ÅTDRC(c��:à ·AÒT��þ#c��jN { ¢ Å�DEC(c'�:à þ#c'��Ò�ÃA½XI6OPFHO��R�j�M�#�Cv���vP|6~�ÅTDRC(c��Jà CRD6c'�7Ò

ÐtQ¤½�OcQqIAhd½¦O7?�@CB ��Og¸�Tq@nhJB È:º ÎAÃ\?Y@CØ`OgFqOgB-T¤½§o1U�Q�hjiMFHOgQqhJmnN-@nBAGLTHIAO�oJB6oj¹6IAhJFH@n¸�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-T�mnOgo:?Tqh�?A@�Ø#OPFHOPB-TM@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJB6QgºY´�B¥Å��:Ë:Ò�Ã�THIAO�ojB�oj¹AIAh:Fq@p¸�ojFHGJEAµfOgB:TX@pQ§FqO7QSh:mCN:Og?�Tqh�þ#bjÕ QVTHhJ¹=Å�UJh:E�Ò�ýXIA@nmCO�@CBªÅs�JÊ:Ò�ÃA@CTM@nQXFHOgQqhJmnNJO7?�THh�þ1a1Õ FqO7?»Å�mn@CG:I-TgÈ7Ò�º6ǧI�E6Q§THIAO�FHOgQqEAm�TH@CB6G�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B6Q§hjiXÅ��:ËjD�ÒojB�?�Ås�JÊJD�Ò�ojFHOJÃYFHOgQq¹�O7¸�Tq@nNJOgmCU

{ ¢ Å�þ�g-à þ c Ò�ÃA½XIAOgFqO��R�d�t�`�nv���v�|�~(Åsþ b à þrg1Ò§ojB6?zþ b Õ QVTHhJ¹=Å�UJh:E�ÒÅsô ¢ �J�dz��:�f�P�d��v�~���{}|�yL�d~��AvPx�~}�6wd|¨��~��H�`�.�J�dzKõ �}�#y:vP~�w�~]{��R�:v�~��£Ò{ ¢ Å�þ�g � Ã�þ c Ò�ÃA½XIAOgFqO��R�d�t�`�nv���v�|�~(Åsþ a à þrg � Ò§oJB6?Üþ a Õ FHOg?=Å�mn@CG:I:T�ÒÅsô ¢ ~}�6v���{�y7�Y~¦{p��|`�j~¦xHvH�d�\y:����~]xqwj{�y7�Y~M�d|`�£Ò

��£Pð]ôSôV÷1îMïRê:òJü�������ï �s� ñqïRê�æ£ê��dù1ôVê1ñVôb�=ûdïHð=ô�ç�ôSê�ð]ùdïRþ£æ ð(æ£ôVèn���¦ïRí]ôsïSçRïRæ£þ�ïRø1þ£ô&ëné�í»í]ôSè]é�þ ç7æ£ê7ú�ð(û7ôsïRêdï�1û1é�í]æ£ñqïRþ£þ õ÷1ôVí]æ ç�ôS÷�ïRí(ú�ù1îXôVê�ð=éRë�Þ(éRð(û1ôVí��\æ£è]ô.ß��A³=û7æ£è»ð]û1ôVê�ñVé�í]í(ôVñ�ð(þ õË�1í(ôV÷1æ£ñ�ð]è\÷7æ â:ôVí]ôSê�ð=æ£êPð]ôVíg�1í]ô�ð�ïHð]æ£é�ê1è\ëCé�íÞ(éRð]û1ôVís�=æ£è(ô.ßXæ£êe�næ � ïRê1÷_�næ£æ � �

�næ ��� �`�=é^�*è]û1é�ù1þ£÷�ì`ð(í(ïRê1èg�jé�í�ð=ð]û1ôs÷1é�ú���X�r�`é�ù�è(û1é�ù7þ£÷B���1������ð]û1ôs÷1é�ú��Và\ð]û1ôVís�=æ£è(ô\õ�é�ù�îXæ£ú�ûPð»ú�ô�ðM�1�1�� (�

�Cæ£æ ��� �$cûdïHð\è(û1é�ù1þ£÷tì#ñSïRí(í�õ���X�r�`é�ù�è(û1é�ù1þ£÷tñSïRí(í�õ+ ��¢¡¤£¢¥;¦±�Aà\ð]û1ôVís�=æ£è(ô&õ�é�ù�îXæ£ú�ûPð»ú�ô�ðH�1�¢�y ��

ì}ê�øJéRð]ûe�næ � ïRê1÷e�næ£æ � òPð(û1ôb¤Pù1ôVè]ð]æ£é�ê1è=ñVé�ê1è]ð]í�ïRæ£êMð(û7ô&ð(û1ôVîXô�§Hí(û7ôSîXô��dïRí]ð]æ ð(æ£é�êtéRë�ð]û1ôsïRê1è��ÉôVí^�A£PîMïRþ£þJñSï�1æ ð(ïRþ£èí]ô+�7í(ôVè(ôVê�ð\ëCégñVù1è[�=æ ð]û1æ£ê�ð]û1ôlí(û7ôSîXô��7ì}êa�Cæ � ò1ð]û1ô>Þ(éRð]û1ôVís�=æ£è(ô.ßXñVþ�ïRù1è]ô��\æ£þ£þJøjôlæ£êPð]ôVíg�1í]ô�ð(ôV÷�ïRè��»ïRí(ê7æ£ê1ú¦ð]û1ôû1ôSïRí]ôSíK�M� � ð(û1ïHð��¨îXæ£ú�ûPð#ú�ôVð\ûPù1í]ð=æ ëAè]§Hû7ô&ð(í(ïRê1èg�jé�í]ð]è»ð(û1ôl÷7é�úXæ£ê�è]é�îXô��»ïSõtéRð]û1ôVí=ð]ûdïRê�ñSïRí]í]õgæ£ê1ú§æ ð�Cô�� ú��£òA�*îXæ£ú�ûPð»ú�ô�ð=ð�ïRê1ú�þ£ôV÷�ù$��æ£ê�æ ð(è»þ£ôSïR÷ � �dì}êa�Cæ£æ � ò7ð(û1ô>Þ(éRð]û1ôVís�=æ£è]ô+ßXñVþ�ïRù1è]ô��»ïRí(ê7è��*ð]ûdïHð$è�§Hû1ôlîXæ£ú�û�ðú�ô�ð\ûgù1í�ð=æ ë �=ûdïHð$è]û1ôlæ£è»ñSïRí(í]õgæ£ê1ú¦æ£è=ê7éRð\ð]û1ôl÷1é�úm�Cô�� ú��£ò`�*îXæ£ú�ûPð»øjô��»ïRþ®�Pæ£ê1ú��1ïRè]ð»ëpïRê1ïHð(æ£ñSïRþYîXôVî�øjôVí(è#éRëð]û1ô¨ =éSõPïRþF�&ôVê1ê1ôVþ±�#þ£ù1ø � �

È�°

Page 18: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

��O�I6o1NJO�B6hjTtD`OPOgB¨QS¹`Og¸P@�Ý�¸�ojD`hJEYTMIAhd½4THIAO�ojB�oj¹AIAh:Fq@p¸�ojFHGJEAµfOgB:TMhJi�¿ShjTHIAOPFH½X@pQSO7ÁcÅ�hJFthJiojB�U¨hJTqIAOgF�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSOfoJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojm}ÒM@pQ�FqO7QSh:mCN:Og?ÉÃ#hJTqIAOgF�THI6ojB�I6o1N�@nBAGc@CT�TqFHOgojTqO7? o:Q�oL¸PhJB6QSTqFRoj@nB-TQHodTq@pQSi�oJ¸�TH@Ch:Bf¹AFqh:DAmnOPµLºjǧIA@pQs@pQ&TqIAOMQqEADY¾VO7¸�TshJi#¸PEAFqFHOPB-T.oJB6?�i�EATqEAFHOM½�hJFH¼`ÃdOP·Y¹AmCh:Fq@nBAG�TqI6OXOPµf¹A@nFSÀ@p¸Pojm.¹AFqh:¹�OgFSTH@CO7Q�hji§FqO7QSh:mCEYTH@Ch:B�oJmCG:hJFH@�THIAµ�Q�½X@�THI�?6odTHoL?YFRo1½XB i�Fqh:µ oj¹A¹6Fqh:¹AFq@podTHOPmnU¨ojBAB6hjTHojTqO7?¸�h:Fq¹`hJFRotoJB6?�i�Fqh:µ�¹6QSUY¸RIAh:mC@nBAG:EA@nQSTq@p¸�QVTHE6?Y@nOgQ&hji`I�EAµ�ojB¤?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B»ºdÇ=h�TqI6@nQ&OgB6?ÉÃ}¦FHOgQq½¦OgmCm$O�T�ojm(º&Å]ÎjÏ:Ï:Î:ÒXFHOP¹`hJFqT�hJB�o�¹6FqOgmC@nµf@CB6oJFqULojB6BAhjTRodTq@nhJB�QVTHE6?YU*hJi¦?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO¤oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJmnQojB�?�THIAO�mChY¸PojTq@nhJB�ojB6?�TVU-¹`O�hji»THIAOP@nFMojB-THOg¸�O7?YOPB-TRQPºYǧIA@pQ�@CBA@CTq@pojmÉOPØ`h:FST§@nB-N:hJmnNJO7Q.BA@nBAO�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOoJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQ>|LTHIAFHOPOfOgo:¸RI�i�FHhJµ THIAO�¸�mpoJQHQSO7Q�hji��R�j|`�Rv��R��{}�dv�æxqv���zY��~soJB6?�xqv�{}| ¢ �dxq�P{}|-y¨Å�oJ?6?Y@�TH@CN:O7Ò¸�h:Bd¾VEAB6¸�THQtGJ@nNJOPBL@nBªÅ�©�EA@nFH¼�O�T�ojm(ºCÃ\ÈgÊ�°JÎJÒ�ºAÆ*OgoJB-½XI6@CmnOJñ�lOgB6?Y@CTSTH@\OPT�ojm(º\Å(ÎjÏJÏ-ÎJÒ¦¹AFHOgQqOPB-Ttof¹AFHO�Àmn@Cµf@nB6ojFHUcFHOP¹`hJFqTMhJB�THIAO�E6QqO�hjiso�¸PhJB6QSTqFRoj@nB-TSÀ�QqojTq@pQVi�o:¸�Tq@nhJB�µfhY?YOPm\hjil@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJB»Ã6¸PFqE�¸�@pojmnmCU¸�h:µ�DA@nBA@nBAG�ojB�oj¹AIAh:Fq@p¸�ojB6?�QVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FHoJmÉFqO7oJQqhJBA@nBAGfojD`hJEYTt?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B6QgÃ�Tqhf¹AFHOg?Y@p¸�TtQqEADYÀ¾VOg¸�THQgÔ=h:BYÀ(mn@nBAO�@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJB�hjiX?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO7Q�@CB�NJh:mCN�@nBAGLQVTHFqO7QqQqOg?�¹AFHhJBAh:EAB6QgºÉ´�B¥oJ?A?Y@CTq@nhJB=ÃÉTV½¦h¹AFHhJ¹`h:QHojmpQlI6o1N:OXFqO7¸�OPB-THmCU¤D�OgOPB�QqEADAµf@CTSTqO7?fTqh¤¸�hJB�QVTHFqE6¸�T.o�mpojFHGJOPFsoJB6?fµfhJFHOXO�·�TqOgB6Qq@CN:OPmnU!oJBABAhjÀTHojTqO7?*¸�hJFH¹AE6QgÃA¸�hdN:OPFH@CB6G¤µfhJFHO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojmpQPÃYD6o:QSO7?�h:BL½XI6odTM½�O�I6o1NJO�mnOgoJFqBAO7?�i�FHhJµ TqIA@pQX@nBA@CTq@pojmO�Ø#hJFqTgºÉǧIA@pQ�µfhJFHO�O�·�THOPB6Qq@CN:O!QSTqE�?YU*½¦h:EAmp?¨D`O!oJB oJ?AOgÛ-E6odTHO�D6o:QS@pQti�hJF�?YOPN:OPmnhJ¹A@nBAGcFqO7QSh:mCEYTH@Ch:BojmnGJh:Fq@CTqI6µfQgº �T�

ï�Æ&ª È»±«�¬� ÂA®�­´�B*THIA@nQ�QqOg¸�TH@Ch:B»Ã6½�O�I�o1NJO�¹AFHOgQqOPB-TqO7?*o�GJOgBAOPFRojm»i�FHoJµ!Og½¦h:Fq¼�i�hJF�ojB6oJ¹AIAhJFRof½X@CTqI*THIAO�i�h:mCmnhd½X@CB6Gi�OgojTqEAFHOgQgÕ

k ÐMB6oJ¹AIAh:FHQX¸gojBLoJ¸P¸POgQHQ§OP@CTqIAOgFXhJBAO�h:FXµ!h:FqO�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�FHO�i�OgFqOgB-THQ§hJF§OgB:TH@�TH@CO7QoJQHQShY¸P@nojTqOg?c½X@CTqI�TqIAOgµ THIAFqh:EAGJI�DAFH@n?AGJ@nBAG¤@nBYi�OgFqOgB6¸�O7QPº6ǧI6OgQqO�oJFqO�QqEYÄ�¸�@nOPB-T§i�hJF@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTq@nBAGfojB6oJ¹AIAhJFH@p¸M¹AFHhJBAh:EAB6QgÃY?YO�Ý6B6@�THOm¯�k.Q§ojB�?�?YOgµ!h:B6QSTqFRodTq@nNJOm¯tk¦QPÃYoJmCmnhd½X@CB6GOPB-Tq@CTq@nOgQXTqh�D`O�OPNJh:¼JO7?�D�UÒ¯tk¦Q§hJFXD�U�¸PmnoJE6QSO7QPºY´�B�THIAO�¸Po:QSO�hjil¸�mpojE6QqOgQgÃ�TqI6@nQXµ�o1U�D`OhJB*ojBá¿qo:Q�BAOPO7?YOg?AÁfD�oJQq@nQgÃAoJQ§@nB�Å]>.¸R¼:OPFqTXoJB6?z�-TqFHEAD`OJÃ�ÎJÏJÏJÏ-Ò�º

k Ð4TVU�¹�O�hJi&oJB6oj¹AI6hJF®��TqI�odTM½�O�¸gojmnml�CvH©J{��Rwj�}���d���(�AvR�P{ 2¦vR��¸gojBLojmpQSh�¸�h:B-TqFH@CDAEATqOoJ?A?A@�TH@Ch:B6ojmɵfOgoJBA@nBAG!TqIAFHhJEAG:I�o!i�E6B6¸�TH@Ch:BO/¢��THI6odTM@pQX@p?Y@nh:QqU-B�¸�FRodTq@p¸tTqh9�.Ã6TqI6ojTt¸PoJBD�O�oJ¹A¹Amn@CO7?cTqhfOP@CTqIAOgFtojB�O�·Y@pQVTH@CB6Gf?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�FqOPi�OPFHOPB-TXhJFXojBLOgB:TH@�TVUcoJQHQShY¸�@podTHOg?�½X@�THI@�TXTHIAFHhJEAG:I�o!DAFH@n?AGJ@nBAGf@CBYi�OgFqOgB6¸�O:ºA´�BcTqIAO�¸goJQqO�hJi\THIAO�¹AFHOPµfhY?Y@CÝ6OPF�¿qhjTqI6OPFRÁAÃ�/1�oj¹A¹6mC@nOg?cTqhf@CTHQMoJFqG:EAµfOPB-TX¹AFHh�?AE6¸�O7QX¸�hJB-THO�·�TqE6oJmCmnU-À(FHOPmnOPNdoJB:T§[email protected]µfOgB:T7ºY´�B�TqIAO�¸goJQqO�hJi\THIAO�¹AFHOPµfhY?Y@�Ý�OPF�¿qQqE6¸RI6Á6Ã�@�TMU�@nOPmp?AQMofQSOPTXhji&OPB-Tq@CTq@nOgQ§THI6odTojFHO�QS@nµf@CmpojF§THh!@CTHQtojFHGJEAµfOPB-TX@nB�o�¸PhJB-TqOP·-THE6ojmnmnU:À�FHOPmnOPNdojB-T¦½§o1UJº

k �t@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJmnQ§oJFqO!�CvH©J{��Rwj�}���d���(�AvR�P{ 2¦vR��oJB6oj¹AI6hJFRQ¦½XI6h:QqO�µfO7ojBA@nBAG!i�EAB6¸�Tq@nhJB,/1�@nQto ? À�O�·Y¹AFHOgQHQS@nhJBc@CB�NJh:mCN�@nBAGfofDA@CB�ojFHU�FqOgmnojTq@nhJBl@B�cTHI6odTM@pQ§@n?A@Ch-QSU�B6¸PFHojTq@p¸tTHh9�.ÃAh:BAOhji&½XIAh:QqO�ojFHGJEAµfOgB:TRQ�@nQXFHOgQqhJmnNJO7?�oJB6oj¹AI6hJFH@n¸gojmnmCU�ojB�?�THIAO�hjTHIAOPFX@pQX¹AFHhdN�@n?YO7?¸�h:µ!¹`h:Qq@CTq@nhJB6oJmCmnUJÃY½XIAOgB�TqIAO ? À(OP·Y¹AFqO7QqQq@nhJB�@pQXoj¹6¹AmC@nOg?cTHh��¦Ô QXµ�odTqFH@C·c¸�mpojE6QqO@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTqO7?co:QXojBLOPN:OPB-TqE6oJmC@CTVUVK&º

��� cæ ð(û�í(ôVèg�jôVñ�ð=ð]é§û1é+�¨îMïRêPõM÷7æ£è(ñVé�ù1í(è]ôsïR÷7ç�ôVí(ø1æ�ïRþ£è»ð]û1ôVí(ôsïRí(ô�ò � ù7æ£íg�Xô�ð\ïRþ���� � � = ü � ÷1æ£è]ñVù1è(è $ �ñVé�ê���ù1ê1ñ�ð]æ£é�ê1è&ïRê1÷�÷1æ£è(ñVé�ù1í]è(ôlïR÷7ç�ôVí]ø1æ�ïRþ£è\ù7ê1÷1ôVí=ð]û1ôséqç�ôVí(ïRþ£þ-û1ôSïR÷1æ£ê1ú_Þ]ð]æ£îXô&í]ôSþ�ïHð]æ£é�ê1èsßXïRê1÷ � ü Ý ù1ê1÷1ôVí»ð(û1ôéSç�ôSí(ïRþ£þ�û1ôSïR÷1æ£ê1ú&Þ(ñSé�ê'�]ù1ê7ñVð]ègß��V³»û1ôlè(ïRîXô$ôVêPð]í(æ£ôVè\ï���jôSïRí$ù1ê1÷7ôSí=è(ô�ç�ôVí�ïRþ:û1ôSïR÷1æ£ê1ú�èSòjè(é¦ð]ûdïHð=ð(û7ôsð]éRð(ïRþêPù1î�øjôVí»éRëAñVé�ê��]ù7ê1ñ�ð(æ£é�ê1è&ïRê1÷�÷1æ£è]ñVé�ù1í(è]ôsïR÷7ç�ôVí(ø1æ�ïRþ£èÉð]û1ô�õE�1í]ôVè(ôVêPð=æ£è»ñVþ£é�è(ôVí»ð(é � $ �$�1ì}ê�ïRê1éRð]û1ôVíôVêPù1îXôVí�ïHð]æ£é�ê�éRëA÷1æ£è]ñSé�ù7í(è(ôsïR÷gç�ôSí]ø1æ�ïRþ£èqò�¯dé�í(øjôVè$ïRê7÷E�ôSø7øJôVíK�pü�����ü � è]ð(ïRí]ð]è;�=æ ð]û�ïRþ£þ-ïRê1ê1éRð(ïHð(æ£é�ê7è&éRëè]ôSê�ð]ôSê7ñSôT�}þ£ô�ç�ôVþ6ïR÷7ç�ôVí(ø1æ�ïRþ£è»æ£êtð(û1ôlÿAôVê1êm³Yí]ôVôqýÉïRê$�JòjïRê7÷�ð]û1ôVêE¡dþ ð]ôSí]èÉð(û1ôVî�è�õ7è�ð(ôVîMïHð]æ£ñSïRþ£þ õXð(é§÷7ôVð]ôVí(îXæ£ê1ô�=û1æ£ñ�û�÷1í�ï.�¼�dïRí]ð=éRëYð]û1ôVæ£í\îXôSïRê1æ£ê7ú¦ëCí(é�îªð(û1ôb�7í(ôVñVôS÷7æ£ê1úX÷1æ£è(ñVé�ù1í]è(ôsïRê1÷�û1é^�*ð]û1ô�õ�÷1é§è(é��1�û1ïHð��Éôù1ê7÷1ôVí(è]ð(ïRê1÷�ëCí(é�î�øjéRð(û�ð(û1ôVè]ôlè]ð]ù1÷1æ£ôVè\æ£èÉð]ûdïHð=ð(û1ôVí]ô¦ïRí]ô$ëCô.�#ôSí»ð]ûdïRê�ü����XïR÷7ç�ôVí]ø1æ�ïRþ£èÉð(éXøjôlñVé�ê1è(æ£÷7ôSí]ôV÷-òîMïRê�õMéRë±�\û7æ£ñ�û�ïRí]ô&îXæ£ê1é�í#ç�ïRí]æ�ïHð(æ£é�ê7è\éRë6ôSïRñ�û�éRð]û1ôVí ö Þ(æ£ê�ñVé�ê�ð(í(ïRè]ðsß1ò{Þ(øPõtñVé�êPð]í�ïRè�ðgß1ò{Þ(ø�õ��»ïSõtéRëñVé�ê�ð(í(ïRè]ðsß1ò{Þ(æ£ê�ñVé�î��dïRí(æ£è]é�ê�ß1ò Þ(øPõ�ñVé�î��dïRí(æ£è]é�ê-òFÞ(ø�õ>�»ïSõtéRëAñVé�î��dïRí(æ£è]é�ê�ß ö ð(ûdïHð$ïRí(ôlù7ê1þ£æ®��ôVþ õXð(éX÷1æ âJôVí»æ£êð]û1ôVæ£í$ïRê1ï�1û1é�í(æ£ñb�7í(é��jôVí]ð]æ£ôSèSòjïRê1÷�è(é�îXô&éRëF�=û1æ£ñ�û:òdè(ù1ñ(û�ïRèXÞ(ñVé�êPð]í�ïRí]æ �\æ£è]ô.ß1ò�Þ(û1æ ð]û1ôVí]ð]é�ßMïRê1÷�Þ]ð]é§ñSï��æ ðïRþ£þ®ß1ò1�\æ£þ£þJéPñSñVù1í\é�ê1þ õtí�ïRí]ôSþ õMæ£ê�ï�ñVé�íg�7ù1è\éRëAîXéP÷1ôVí(êtö`ê7ú�þ£æ£è(û��

ÈgË

Page 19: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

´�B TqIAOfBAOP·-T�QqOg¸�Tq@nhJB»Ã#½�O¤µfhdNJO!hJB�TqhL¸�h:B6QS@p?YOgF�I6hd½�TqIAOf¹AFHOgQqOPB�¸�O�hJi¦D`hjTHI�o�QSOgµ�ojB-Tq@p¸�FHOPmpodÀTq@nhJBªo:QqQqhY¸�@podTHOg? ½X@�THIªo*?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�oJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmlojB�?�o*QqOPµ�oJB:TH@n¸fFHOPmpodTH@Ch:B�o:QqQqhY¸�@podTHOg? ½X@�THI�TqIAOoJ?d¾SoJ¸�OgB6¸�Uchji$TV½¦h�¸PmnoJE6QSO7Q§hJFMofQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHoJm=¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO�D`O�TV½�OPOgBcTHIAOPµLÃ6oJmCmnhd½MQ�i�hJFX@nB-TqOgFqO7QVTH@CBAG@nB:THOPFRoJ¸�Tq@nhJB6Q§D`O�TV½�OPOgB�THIAO�TV½¦h�º

Wj° ÂA­P­1¾-®d¬�½�¯p�>¿�¬�ÂFÄ�Å$¯�®1³]²l±Ò¾ Ã�ÂY­7³�¯`¬�½cÂA¬$°·È»­P®d±\²J­g±\®`±Ã�²6«�¬«�g¾-®1®`¾�°A±Ò¾ Ã�ÂA­g³�¯`¬�½

ksFH@nhJFMTHh�THIAO!¸PEAFHFqOgB:T�½¦h:Fq¼#Ã6FHOgQqOgoJFH¸RI6OPFRQXI6o1NJO�TqFHOgodTHOg?*D`hjTHI¨O�·Y¹Amn@p¸�@CT�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFRojm&¸�hJB6BAOg¸�Tq@nNJOgQÅ�¸Ph�hJFR?Y@CB�odTq@nBAG�oJB6?�QqEAD�h:FH?A@CB6ojTq@nBAG�¸PhJBd¾VEAB�¸�Tq@nhJB�QPÃ-ojB6?�¿q¹6oj@nFqO7?AÁ�¸�h:Bd¾VEAB6¸�Tq@nhJB6QRÒsoJB6?�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOoJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQ»Qq@Cµf¹AmnU�o:QÉOPN�@p?YOPB�¸�Oli�h:F=oX¹6oJFSTH@n¸PEAmnoJF»QVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FHoJmJFHOPmpodTq@nhJB�IAh:mn?A@CBAGXD`O�TV½�OPOgB�oJ?1¾So:¸�OgB:TEABA@CTHQgºAÖAh:F¦OP·Aojµf¹AmnOJÃ�Í�OPIAmnOPF�Å]ÎJÏJÏ:Î:Ò$THoJ¼JO7Q�¿qDAEYTHÁ¤oJQ¦OPN�@p?YOPB6¸PO�hJi=o��R�j|6~(xqw1��~`FqOgmnojTq@nhJB�D`O�TV½�OPOgBoJ?d¾SoJ¸�OgB-T§E6BA@�TRQPÃ.¿S@nBcG:OPBAOgFHoJmnÁ¤oJQ�OPN�@p?YOPB6¸PO�hjilo!y-v�|#v�xHwd��{437wd~({��d|�FqOgmnojTq@nhJB»Ã&¿S@nB�hjTqI6OPFX½�hJFR?AQqÁ¤oJQOPN�@p?YOPB�¸�O.hJiAo�v��nwJ�R�dxqwj~]{��j|�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B»ÃA¿STqIAOgFqOPi�hJFHOgÁXoJQ=OPN�@p?YOPB6¸POshjiAo�xHv���zY��~:FqOgmnojTq@nhJB»ÃA¿qD�O7¸PoJE6QSO7ÁXoJQOPN�@p?YOPB�¸�OXhji#o�vq©��`�nwd|`wj~]{��j|�FqOgmnojTq@nhJB»ÃjoJB6? ¿SOPN:OPB�TqIAh:EAGJI6Á�oJQ&OgN�@n?YOgB6¸�O§hJi`o��JvP|6{�wj�#� ¢ �`xqvP�1vP|6~�vPxFHOPmpodTq@nhJB�Å�Í�OgIAmnOPF7ÃÉÎJÏJÏ-ÎYÃ�}¦I6oj¹YTHOPF�ÎAºCÈ1Ò�º»ÂMOgFqOfÍ�OPI6mCOgF�I6oJQ�¹AFHhJD6oJDAmnU¨¸�hJFHFHOg¸�THmCU*@p?YOgB:TH@�Ý�Og?�TqIAO~(�H�Av§hJi$FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B�THI6odTXIAh:mn?6QXD�OPTV½¦OgOPB�OPmnOPµfOPB-TRQPÃAD6EYTMBAhjTM½XI6@n¸RI�OPmnOPµfOPB-TRQX@�TMI6hJmp?AQ§D�OPTV½¦OgOPB»º

´�BLhJBAO�FHOgQq¹`Og¸�T7ÃA½�O�i�hJmnmChd½4¹AFHOPN�@Ch:E6Q§FHOgQqOgojFR¸RIAOgFHQgÃ:@nBLTqI�odTt½�O�oJ¸P¸POP¹YTXTHI6odT�½XIAOPB*¸�mpojE�QSO7QPÃQqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O7Q�hJF�mpojFHGJOgFf?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOLEABA@CTHQ�oJFqOL¹AmpoJ¸POg?�oJ?d¾SoJ¸�OgB-T!THh¥hJBAO¨oJBAhjTHIAOPF7Ãlmn@nQSTqOgBAOPFRQ�@nBYi�OPFo*FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B�D`O�TV½�OPOgB�TqIAO�TV½¦h�Ã\ojB�?�THI6odTfQVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FHoJm.¸�h:BABAOg¸�Tq@nNJO¨Å]¸�h�hJFR?Y@nB6odTHO�hJF�QqEAD`hJFR?Y@CB�odTqO¸�h:Bd¾VEAB6¸�Tq@nhJB�Ò�G:@CN:OgQ§OgN-@p?YOgB6¸�O�i�hJF§THIAO�FHOPmpodTq@nhJBcTqI�odTM@pQ§@CB-TqOgB6?YO7?�THh�IAhJmp?cD�OPTV½¦OgOPB�TqIAOgµLº

ÂMhd½�OPN:OPF7Ã=D`Og¸gojE6QqOc½�OcTHoj¼:O�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOco:?YNJOgFqD6@noJmnQ�Tqh�¸�h:B:THFq@nDAEYTHOcµfO7ojBA@nBAG TqIAFHhJEAG:I�oJBojB�oj¹AIAh:Fq@p¸�¸�hJB6BAOg¸�Tq@nhJBá½X@�THI�THIAO*¹AFHOPN�@nhJE6Qf?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOJÃ$TqIA@pQ�µfOgoJB6Q!TqI�odT�TqI6OPFHO�µ�o1UªD`O�TV½¦hFHOPmpodTq@nhJB�Q&hJB!hjØ#OPF7ÃjojB6?¤hJ¹`OPB6Q$THIAOX¹`h:QHQS@nDA@nmC@CTVU�TqI�odTlTqI6O�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B!¸PhJB-TqFH@nDAEYTqO7?�D�U�THIAOM?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOoJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojm=¸gojB*@nB-TqOPFRoJ¸�TM@CB*µfh:FqO�THI6ojB*h:BAO�½§o1U�½X@CTqILTqI6O�FHOPmpodTq@nhJB*¸PhJB�NJOgUJOg?cD�U�o�QSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFRojm¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO�h:FX@CBYi�OgFqFHOg?�TqIAFHhJE6GJILoJ?1¾So:¸�OPB�¸�UJºAß�OgmChd½ ½�O�QSI6hd½ÜTqI6ojTXTqIA@pQX¹AFHOg?A@n¸�Tq@nhJB�@nQX¸PhJFHFqO7¸�Tgº

��OfQSTHoJFST�i�Fqh:µ TqIAOf@p?YOgo�TqI�odTË|L@nB¨THIAO�ojD6QqOPB6¸PO�hJi�ojB O�·Y¹Amn@n¸P@�T�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHoJm$¸PhJBAB6Og¸�TH@CN:Oe|?YOPi�OgoJQq@nDAmCOt@CBYi�OgFqOgB6¸�O�¸�hJFHFHOPmpodTqO7Q&½X@�THI�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHoJm6odTqTHo:¸RIAµfOPB-T.hji»o:?1¾SoJ¸POPB-T¦?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO§QqOPG:µfOPB-THQ@nB¨?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�QVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FqO:ÃYFqOgmnojTq@nBAG!TqIAOg@CFM@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:B6QPºAǧI6O�µ!h-QVTXD6o:QS@p¸�FHOPmpodTq@nhJBc@nQXTqI6ojTXTqIAOi�hJmnmnhd½X@CBAG�QSOgGJµfOPB-T�@nB�QqhJµfO�½§o1U�?YOgQH¸�FH@CD`OgQ�TqI6OcQHojµfO�h:DY¾VOg¸�T¤hJF¤OPN:OPB-TqE6oJmC@CTVU�oJQ�TqIAOchJBAOc@�TojD6EYTHQfÅqvP�Cw:�H�jxqwd~({��d|�Ò�º»ß�EYT�OPN�@p?YOPB6¸PO�@nB¨THIAO¤QqOPG:µ!OgB-THQ�¸PojB�mCO7oJ?ªÅ�N-@po�?AO�i�Ogo:QS@nDAmnO�@nBYi�OPFHOPB�¸�O7ÒMTqhofµfhJFHO�Qq¹`Og¸�@CÝ�¸�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B»ÃYQSE6¸RI*o:Q¦h:BAO�hji\TqIAO�xHv��PvP�f�P�CvP|`�Rv§FHOPmpodTq@nhJB�Q�Å�OJº G6ºnÃ��6wdxqwj�}�Cv���Ã$�R�d|�~]xqwd��~]ÃvH©-vP�t�`��{ 2��Hwj~]{��j|6Ã6y-v�|#v�xHwd��{p�Pwd~({��d|�Ò�ÃAh:F��Rwjz���vP�Sv]¡tvR��~#FHOPmpodTq@nhJB�QtÅVxHv���zY��~(Ã#vH©��`�Cwj|`wj~]{��j|6ÃÉ�7{��d�Cwj~�vR��vH©:��6vH�P~�wd~({��d|-Ò�ÃJh:FX�R�j|6~({�yjzY{}~(�¦FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B6QXÅV|#wdx�xqwj~]{��j|-Ò&?YO7Qq¸PFq@nD`Og?¤@CB*Å�ÂthJDAD�QPÃAÈ7ÊJÊ:ÏAÌdÍ�OPIAmnOPF7ÃjÎjÏ:Ï:ÎJÒ�º1´�iBAhJTqIA@nBAGfµfhJFHO�Qq¹`Og¸�@CÝ�¸�¸PoJBcD`O�@nBYi�OPFHFqO7?ÉÃ-TqIAO�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B�½X@nmCm=FqOgµfoJ@CB�QS@nµf¹AmnU v��nwJ�R�dxqwj~]{��j|6º{�ÜI6odTO�·Y¹Amn@p¸�@CT�QSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFRojmX¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO7Qf¸PojBá?Yh�@nQ�¸PhJB�NJOgU�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B6Q¤TqI6ojT�ojFHO�BAhJTfO7oJQqU�Tqh�¸�h:B-N:OPUD�Uc?YOPi�Ogo:QS@nDAmnO�@CBYi�OgFqOgB6¸�O�Å�OJº G6ºnÃs¿S@CiqÁAÃ�¸�hJB�N:OPU�@CB6GL�R�d|#�d{}~({��d|�Ã�ojB�?�¿qhJFRÁAÃY¸�h:B-N:OPU�@nBAGL�j{p�³_�zY|`�P~]{��j|-ÒhJF�¹AFHhdN�@n?AO�BAh:BYÀ�?AO�i�Ogo:QS@nDAmnO¤OgN�@n?YOgB6¸�O¤i�hJF�oJB @nBYi�OPFHFRojDAmnO�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B�Å�O:º G�ºCç¿qUJO�TRÁAç¿qQqh:ÁcojB6?â¿SD`O�À¸PoJE6QqOgÁ:Ò�º

��@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOloJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojmpQɸPojBf{}|�~�vPxqwJ�P~j½X@CTqI�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFRojmJ¸PhJBABAO7¸�TH@CN:OgQgÃ�½X@�THI�oJ?1¾So:¸�OPB�¸�U-À]THFq@nGJG:OPFHOg??YOPi�OgoJQq@nDAmCO!@nBYi�OPFHOPB6¸PO!oJB6?¨½X@CTqI Ogo:¸RI¨hjTHIAOPF7º`Ç\hL?YOgQH¸�FH@CD`O�THIAO!½�o1UYQ�@CB ½XIA@n¸RI ½¦O¤I6o1NJO!QSh�i�ojFhJD�QSOgFqN:Og?�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOtoJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojmpQlTqh¤@CB-THOPFRoJ¸�T�½X@�THI�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B6Q.¸PhJB�NJOgUJOg?�QSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFRojmnmCU:ÃJ½�OtOP·-THOPB6?TqI6O�BAhjTRodTq@nhJBLE6QqOg?c@nBcTHIAO�¹AFHOPN�@nhJE6Q§QqOg¸�TH@Ch:B»Õ

k ��� ?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojm(Ì

k @ � ��TqI6O�B6ojµfO�hji$TqIAO�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:Bco:QqQqhY¸�@podTqO7?�½X@CTqI,�¦º

k Jm�4TqI6O�µfojTqFH@�·�¸�mpojE6QqO�´jQSOgB:THOPB6¸PO�hJi´�¦Ì

k Kj��TqI6O�mCh:GJ@p¸Pojm`i�h:Fqµ Å]Ñ=ÖlÒ§@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJBchji%J§Ì

oJ?6?Y@CB6GfTqIAO�i�h:mCmnhd½X@CB6G6Õ

ÈgÊ

Page 20: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

k¨µ �4TqI6O�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�EABA@CTXTqI�odTM@pQ§mCOPi}TSÀ�oJ?1¾So:¸�OPB-TXTHh9JXÃYTqhf½XIA@p¸RI*o¤FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B6QqIA@C¹cIAhJmp?AQOP@CTqIAOgFMD�U�@nBYi�OPFHOPB6¸PO�hJFXofQVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FHoJm»¸�hJB6BAOg¸�Tq@nNJOJÌ

k¨¶ �TqIAO�Ñ\Öª@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJB�hji µ Ìk @·�TqIAO�B6oJµfO�hJi\THIAO�FHOPmpodTq@nhJBcTqI�odTXIAhJmp?AQX½X@CTqI ¶ Ì

�ÜIA@nmCO ¶ @pQXhJBAO�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-TXhji«@!ÃA½�O�QSI6hd½âD`OPmnhd½ TqI�odTM@CTHQXhJTqIAOgFMojFHGJEAµfOPB-TXµ�o1U�D`O�hJBAO�hjilodTmnOgoJQSTXTV½�h!?Y@CØ#OPFHOPB-TtojD6QSTqFRoJ¸�TXhJDY¾VO7¸�THQgº

Éa±½$¾ ºp¸ Kѽ$¾�Ä�ÂY®`ÂY­$¾ Ã`­ ½$¾-®�À{¾ ½i±½iÂA¬ ÂY®�X�±«� ¾�¬#­!­g¯¶Á.¯�­1Ź@B� ÂA¬$°m@ Æ Ç§IA@pQ§@pQ�TqIAO�¸Po:QSOTqI�odTMIAh:mn?AQM@CBL>l·Aojµf¹AmnO&�JÓLÅ�FHOP¹`OgojTqO7?�D`OPmnhd½tÒ�º

Å��:Ó:Ò!oAº±~:hJIAB�mnhdNJOgQ§ß§ojFHhJmnh6ºD»º{��hfIAO�h:FH?AOPFHOg?�THIAFHOPO�¸Po:QSO7Q§hji=THIAO�Ô Ê�°�º¸jºAß�EYTMIAO�I�oJ?�Tqh�¸PoJB6¸�Ogm#TqIAO�h:FH?AOPF?ɺAD`Og¸gojE6QqO�IAO�~}�6v�|�?Y@pQH¸�hdNJOgFqO7?�IAO�½§oJQ§DAFHhJ¼:OJº

��O�I6o1N:O�oJmCFHOgo:?YU�QqOPOgBLTqI6ojTMTqIAO�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:BLhji&TqIAO¤¸�mpojE6QqO�@CBªÅs�JÓ:?6Ò¦i�hJmnmChd½X@nBAG¥¿qD�O7¸PojE�QSO7Á@nB-N:hJmnNJO7QPÕ

@B�,� w ¢ ~�vPxKj� þ�gJÕ ?Y@pQq¸PhdNJOPF1Å£¾�à þ#o�Ò�ÃA½XI6OPFHOmþ#oJÕ DAFHhJ¼:O:Å�¾qÒ� ? · º$w ¢ ~�v�x�Å�·#à CED!Ò��pþ�gRN w ¢ ~�vPx�Å�þ�g G CED�Ò

½XIAOgFqO�CED+@pQXFqO7QSh:mCN:Og?fTHh«þ�bJÕ h:FH?AOPF1Å£¾�Ã�sraPÒ�Ã6oJB6?�THIAO�¹AFHhJ¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B�w ¢ ~�vPx�Å�þ g¢G þ#bgÒ�@pQXoJ?A?YO7?�THh!TqIAO?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�¸PhJB-TqOP·�TX|�@(º O:ºCÃ{~Jh:IAB»Ô QX?Y@nQH¸�hdN:OPFH@CB6G�IAO�½§oJQ�DAFHhJ¼:O�@pQXodi}THOPFXIA@pQXh:FH?YOgFq@nBAG¤TqIAO�½X@nBAO:º

¯Mhd½¥¸PhJB6Qq@n?AOPFÉTHIAO�vH©��`�Cwj|`wd~({��d|�FHOPmpodTq@nhJB<@áoJQHQqh�¸P@nojTqO7?�½X@CTqI�¿SD`Og¸PoJE6QqOgÁ§@nB�Å��:ÓJ?6Ò�ºg´�T$FqOgmnojTqOgQþ g Ã;~:hJI6B»Ô Q�Ý�B6?Y@nBAGLIAO�½�o:Q�DAFqh:¼JO:Ã#Tqh�TqIAO�@nB-TqOg¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJB�hji�Ås�JÓ:¸gÒ�Ã�þ#cJÕ ¸gojB6¸POPm�Å£¾�à v¢aPÒ>|*TqI�odT�@pQPÃvH©��#�Cwd|#wd~({��d|`Å�þ g à þ#cgÒ�ºF}¦mpojE�QSOE�JÓJ?�TqI�E6Q�oJ?A?AQ¦D`hjTqI�vq©��#�Cwd|#wd~({��d|�Åsþ g à þ#cgÒ¦ojB6?�w ¢ ~�vPx�Å�þ g�G þ#bPÒsTqh�TqIAO?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOJº��ÜIA@nmnO�TqI6OgQqO�TV½¦h�¹AFqh:¹�h-QS@CTq@nhJB�Q�QSI�ojFHO�ojB¥ojFHGJEAµfOgB:T�Å�þ g Ò�ûTqI6OPU¥ojFHO�BAOPN:OPFqTqIAOgmCO7QqQ?Y@pQVTH@CB�¸�Tgºh� ²

Éa±½$¾ ï�¸ @ � ÅQK G þ Ú Ò*³�½kÂ6¬ ÂY®�X`±H� ¾�¬#­¥¯ �L@ Æ ´�B¸}�o:QSO�ÈJÃl@CT�@nQ�TqIAOL@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJBáhji�TqIAOoJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojm(Ô Qtµ�odTqFH@C·*¸PmnoJE6QqOEK�TqI�odT�QqOPFHNJO7Qto:QMhJB6O¤ojFHGJE6µ!OgB-TMTqhcTqIAO!?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�FqOgmnojTq@nhJB,@!º�´�B¸�h:B-TqFRoJQSTgÃ6@nB }�oJQqO¤ÎAÃATqI�odT�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-TM@pQXÝ6mnmCO7?*D�U�THIAO�xHv��Cwj~]{��j|c¸PhJB-TqFH@CD6EYTqO7?LD-UcTqI6O¤?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOoJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojm=Å�@�TRQSOgm�i=oJB�ojD6QSTqFRoJ¸�TshJDY¾VO7¸�T¦o1NdoJ@CmpojDAmnO§i�hJF�QSE6D6QSO7Û-EAOPB-T.FHO�i�OgFqOgB6¸�O1Ò�ºJ´�B�D`hjTHI�¸Po:QSO7QPÃjTqIAOhjTHIAOPFMoJFqG:EAµfOPB-T§Tqh9@ @pQ ¶ º

r�BAOt¸PhJBYÝ�GJEAFRodTH@Ch:B!@nB�½XIA@p¸RI­}�oJQqO�Î�IAh:mn?6Qs@pQs½X@CTqI�THIAO�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqOMoJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojml¿ShJTqIAOgFq½X@pQqOgÁAºWXO7¸Pojmnm�i�Fqh:µ �YOg¸�TH@Ch:B¶ÎYº µ¥THI6odTcTqIAO @CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:BÜhji¨¿qhjTqI6OPFH½X@nQqOgÁ�@nB�NJhJmnNJO7Q�oª¸PhJB6?A@�TH@Ch:B6ojmFHOPmpodTq@nhJBLD`O�TV½�OPOgBLTqIAO�¸PhJµf¹AmnOPµfOPB-TthJi$@CTHQ�ojB6oJ¹AIAh:Fq@p¸�ojFHGJEAµfOPB-TtoJB6?�TqIAO�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B"K�hJi@CTHQXµ�odTHFq@C·c¸PmnoJE6QSO:Õ

� ? · º={ ¢ ÅTDRC�à ·6ÒT�HKjN { ¢ ÅTD�C�à K»Ò�ÃA½XI6OPFHO�¸PhJµf¹AmnOPµfOPB-T1ÅTD<C�à CED¤Ò�Ü@CTqI*NdojFH@noJDAmnO7CRD FHOgQqhJmnNJO7?�THh�ojB�OPNJOgB-TqE6oJmC@CTVU�@nBcTHIAO�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�¸PhJB-TqOP·-T7ÃA@CTM@nQ�THIAO�FqO7QSE6m�TH@CBAGFHOPmpodTq@nhJB�Å�N�@nOP½�Og?�o:Q¦oJBcoJD6QVTHFHo:¸�T�hJDY¾VO7¸�TRÒsTqI�odTMQSOgFqN:OgQ¦oJQ�hJBAO�ojFHGJE6µ!OgB-T.Tqh�@!Ã�½X@�THI ¶ QqOPFHN�@CB6GoJQMTqIAO�hjTqI6OPF7º±� O¤¸PojB*QqOPO�THIA@pQMµfh:QST�¸�mnOgoJFqmnU�D�UL¸�hJB�QS@p?YOPFH@nBAGfN1oJFq@pojB-TRQXhji&O�·Aojµf¹AmnOgQ�Å��JË-ÒXojB�?Å��:Ê:Ò�TqI6ojT!¸PhJB-THoJ@CB�oJBªO�·Y¹Amn@p¸�@CTf¸PhJBABAO7¸�TH@CN:O�D`O�TV½�OPOPBªTqIAOL¸�mpojE6QqOgQgº$´�BâÅ��:Ë:Ò�Ã$THIAOc¸PhJBd¾VEAB�¸�Tq@nhJB¿SD`Og¸gojE6QqOgÁ�@nQ�µ�oJ?YO¤O�·Y¹Amn@n¸P@�TfÅ�>l·AoJµ!¹6mCOeµ-Ï:Ò�Ã6½XIA@nmCO!@nB�Å��:Ê:Ò�Ã6TqIAOf¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO�@nQ�QS@nµf¹AmnUá¿HojB6?6ÁhJF�¿qDAEYTRÁ�Å]>l·Aojµf¹AmnOmµ6È1Ò�º

� ü§ý#ôVñSïRù1è(ôsô�ç�ôVêPð]ùdïRþ£æ ð}õ7� î Þ�º�é�û1ê(� è;¡dê7÷1æ£ê1ú§û1ô��ÉïRè\ø1í]é���ô.ߧøjéRð(ûi��»½¼A� ��^/�`�`ð]û1ôsñSïRê1ñVôSþ£þ£æ£ê7úXïRê1÷®�T���h� ��\{�#ð]û1ôé�í]÷1ôVí(æ£ê1ú1ò7æ ð=ëCé�þ£þ£é^�=èÉð]ûdïHð\ð]û1ôlñSïRê1ñVôVþ£þ£æ£ê1ú§æ£è=ïHë�ð(ôVí»ð(û1ôsé�í]÷1ôVí(æ£ê1ú��

ÎjÏ

Page 21: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

Å¥µ-Ï:Ò�´�i\THIAO�mn@CG:I:TM@pQ§FHOg?ÉÃ6QSTqh:¹»ÃYD`Og¸PoJE6QqO��j~}�6v�x��l{p�PvMUJhJE=Ô mnmÉGJOPTto�TH@n¸R¼:O�T7º@ � � { ¢K c'� � þ c Õ G:O�T TH@n¸R¼:O�T1Å�UJh:E�Ò

Å¥µ�È7Ò�´�i\THIAO�mn@CG:I:TM@pQ§FHOg?ÉÃ6QSTqh:¹»ÃAojB�?{´1DAEAT��j~}�6v�x��l{p�PvMGJh�QVTHFHoJ@CG:I-T§h:B»º@B�,� { ¢K6c'�R� þ#c'��Õ GJh QSTqFRoj@nGJI-T7Å�UJh:E�Ò

´�B�TqIAO�¸goJQqO�hjiXÅ¥µ:Ï-Ò�ÃYFHOgQqhJmnN�@CBAG�¿ShJTqIAOgFq½X@pQqOgÁ�¸PhJB-TqFH@nDAEYTqO7Q�TqIAO�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:Bþ#tjÕ»{ ¢ Åsþrg-à þ c Ò�ÃA½XI6OPFHO��R�j�M�#�Cv���vP|6~�Å�þ�g:à þ b Ò§oJB6?­þ b Õ QSTqh:¹=Å�U:hJE�ÒÅsô ¢ �J�dz��:�f�P�d��v�~���{}|�yL�d~��AvPx�~}�6wd|¨��~��H�`�.�J�dzKõ �}�#y:vP~�w�~]{��R�:v�~��£Ò

Ð�T�THIAO�mCOgNJOPm�hji�mnhJGJ@p¸PoJmMi�h:Fqµ Å�Ñ\Ö&Ò�Ã.THIAO oJD6QSTqFRoJ¸�TchJDY¾VO7¸�TÜþ t THI6odT�@nQ�oJQHQqh�¸P@nojTqO7?�½X@CTqI TqIAO¸�h:B6?Y@CTq@nhJB6oJmsFHOPmpodTq@nhJB¥QqOPFHNJO7Q�oJQ�hJB6O�ojFHGJEAµfOPB-T�THhLTqIAO vH©��`�Cwj|`wj~]{��j|¨FqOgmnojTq@nhJB¥¸�h:B-TqFH@CDAEATqOg?�D�U¿SD`Og¸gojE6QqOgÁ6Ã:½X@CTqIzþ#btD`OP@nBAG¤TqIAO�hjTHIAOPF7ºYǧI6odT§@pQPÃ&¿SD`Og¸gojE6QqOgÁ¤ojB6?�¿ShJTqIAOgFq½X@pQSO7Á�Tqh:GJOPTqIAOgF¦OgB6?�EA¹¸�h:B-TqFH@CDAEATq@nBAG�vH©��`�Cwj|`wj~]{��j|�Å�þ#b:à þ t Ò�Å�@]º OJºnÃÉUJh:EAFtBAOgOg?Y@nBAGcTqhLQVTHhJ¹ @nQ�O�·Y¹Ampoj@nBAO7?*D�ULTqIAO¤i�oJ¸�T�THI6odT@Ci&U:hJE�?Yh�QSh:µfO�TqI6@CBAGfhJTqIAOgF§TqI6oJBLQSTqh:¹»ÃYUJh:E»Ô mCmÉG:O�TMo!Tq@p¸R¼JOPTRÒ�º

´�B�TqIAO�¸goJQqO�hJi§Å�µ6È1Ò�ÃYFHOgQqhJmnN-@nBAG�¿ShJTqIAOgFq½X@pQSO7Á¤¸PhJB-TqFH@nDAEYTqO7Q�TqIAO�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:Bþ t�� ÕC{ ¢ Åsþ g�� Ã{þ�c � Ò�ÃA½XIAOPFHO��R�d�t�`�CvP��v�|�~(Åsþ g�� à þ1a�Ò§oJB6?­þ1adÕ FHOg?»Å�mC@nGJI-T�ÒÅsô ¢ ~}�6v���{�y7�Y~¦{p��|`�j~¦xHvH�d�\y:����~]xqwj{�y7�Y~M�d|`�£Ò

�ÜI6ojT�@pQ�THIAO�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO*FHOPmpodTq@nhJB�THh�½XIA@p¸RI ¿qhjTqI6OPFH½X@nQqOgÁ¥¸PhJB-TqFH@CD6EYTqO7Q�TqI6@nQ�ojD6QSTqFRoJ¸�T�hJDA¾VOg¸�Tþ#t��(ãc�ÜIAO�THIAOPF�THIAO!¸PhJBAB6Og¸�TH@CN:O�@pQ�¿qojB�?AÁ�hJF�¿SD6EYTHÁ6Ã`D`hjTHI�@CTHQ�¸�h:Bd¾VEAB6¸�THQ�?YO7Qq¸PFq@nD�O�Å�OgmnoJD�h:FHojTqO7ÒojmCTqOgFqB�odTq@nNJO�QS¹`Og¸P@noJmC@nÙgojTq@nhJB6Q¤hjitTqIAOLQqoJµfO�Qq@�THE6odTH@Ch:BÑþ�¾c@nB-TqFHhY?YE6¸�O7?ªO7ojFHmC@nOPF¤@CB�TqIAOL?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOÅ�O:º G�ºCà þ�¾�¸PhJEAmp?�D`O�o:QqQqhY¸�@podTqO7?!½X@�THI�TqI6OMÝ6FRQVT§QSOgB-TqOPB�¸�OthJiM¿H��h�oJBAhjTHIAOPF¦µf@CmnO�oJB6?fUJh:E»Ô mCm`GJOPT.Tqho!DAFH@n?YG:OJºY´�i\TqIAO�mn@CG:I-T§@pQ§FHOg?ÉÃAQSTqh:¹»º�rtTqIAOgFq½X@pQqO�G:h!QSTqFRoj@nGJI-T§hJB»º Á:Ò¦´�i$TqIAO�¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO�@pQf¿qoJB6?AÁAýXI6ojT$@pQ&oJ?A?YO7?�Tqh�¸�h:B-TqO�·�T$µ!@nGJI-TlQS@nµf¹AmnU�D`O�v��Cw:�R�dxqwj~]{��j|�Å�þ t �Hà þ ¾ Ò�ºYÅ�¯�º ß�º��Ü@�THIAhJEYT�¿ShJTqIAOgFq½X@pQqOgÁAÃTqI6O�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B�vP�CwJ�R�jxqwd~({��d|`Å�þ o à þ ¾ Ò=½�hJEAmp?�I6o1N:O¦D`OPOgB¤o:?A?YOg?�Tqh�¸�h:B-TqO�·�T7Ã7½XI6OPFHOCþ o @nQ$THIAOXojD6QSTqFRoJ¸�ThJDA¾VOg¸�Tto:QqQqhY¸�@podTHOg?�½X@CTqIcTqI6O�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B�hJi�¿q´�i=TqI6O�mC@nGJI-TX@nQ§FHOg?»ÃAQVTHhJ¹6Á6º Ò¦´�i$TqIAO�¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO@pQL¿SDAEYTRÁAÃ`TqI6OPB�h:BAO!µ!@nGJI-T�ojmpQShc¹�h-QqQq@nDAmCU¨o:?A?��R�j|6~(xqw1��~�Å�þ t�� à þ o Ò�|*@]º OJºnÃÉǧIAOfQS@CTqE6ojTq@nhJB�TqI6ojT«� @CiTqI6O�mn@CG:I:T�@nQtFqO7? �\U:hJE¨QqIAhJEAmp?*QSTqhJ¹*@pQM@nB¨¸�h:B-TqFRoJQSTM½X@�THI*TqIAO!QS@CTqE�odTq@nhJBLTHI6odT�@�ilTHIAO�mn@CG:I:T�@nQ�BAhjTFHOg?ÉÃAU:hJELQSI6hJEAmp?�G:h�QVTHFHoJ@CG:I:T§hJB=º/� Ø

ÐtQ=@nQ\¸�mnOgoJF#i�Fqh:µâTHIAOshJFH@nGJ@nB6ojmd¹6oJ@CF\hji�O�·Aojµf¹AmnOgQ¦Å��:Ë:Ò#ojB�?�Å��JÊ-Ò�ÃPQq@nµ!@nmpojF»@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJB�Q»¸PoJBojFH@pQSOXTHIAFHhJEAG:Ifo:?1¾SoJ¸POPB6¸PU-À]THFq@nGJG:OPFHOg?¤@CBYi�OgFqOgB6¸�O�oJQsoJFq@pQSOX½X@CTqIcojB�O�·Y¹Amn@p¸�@CT�¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO:ºj´�B�Og@�THIAOPF¸Po:QSO:ÃÉTqI6O�ojD`hdNJO!TqFHOgojTqµfOPB-T�?YOPµfh:B6QVTHFHojTqO7Q�TqI6ojT�TqIAOgFqO�@pQ�BAh*BAOgOg? i�hJF�o*QqOP¹�ojFRodTqO*�d~��AvPx��l{p�PvFHOPmpodTq@nhJB=Ã�oJQM¹AFqh:¹�h-QSO7?�@CB�WMIAO�THhJFH@n¸gojm��-THFqE�¸�TqE6FqO�ǧI6OPhJFHU Å]ƨojB6B�ojB6?*ǧI6hJµf¹6QqhJB»Ã\ÈgÊJË:Ë:Ò�ºF� OojFHO�BAhJTgÃ�IAhd½¦OgNJOgFgÃYOgB:TH@CFHOPmnUL¸�mnOgojF�odTMTHIA@pQM¹`hJ@nB:T�½XIAOPB }�o:QSO�È�IAhJmp?AQ�ojB6?L½XIAOgB }�oJQqO¤Î�?Yh�O7QPºÐµfhJFHO�¸PojFHO�i�E6m»ojB6oJmCUYQq@nQ§@pQX¸�mnOgoJFqmnU�FqO7Û-EA@CFHOg?»º

Éa±½$¾ WM¸ @ � ³�½&Ä�ÂY®`±½7³�­7³�²�¯`¬¿@ Æ Éa±½1¾ W oJ¹A¹`OgojFRQlTHh�IAh:mn?�½X@�THIc?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOtoJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojmpQsQSE�¸RIoJQf¿Si�hJF§O�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7Á¤oJB6?�¿Si�hJF§@nB6QVTRojB6¸POgÁ6ºAǧIAOP@nF§@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:BcoJ¹A¹�O7ojFRQ¦TqhfD�O��6wdxHw1��{}~]{��XhJBcTqIAOFHOPmpodTq@nhJBªo:QqQqhY¸�@podTHOg?�½X@�THIªo¨QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHoJm¦¸PhJBABAO7¸�TH@CN:O�hJF¤?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�oJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojm&THh*TqIAOg@CF¤mCOPi}TgÃ$hJFhJBáojB�@CBYi�OgFqFHOg?ªFqOgmnojTq@nhJB¥THFq@nGJG:OPFHOg?�D�UªoJ?1¾So:¸�OgB6¸�U:º$ǧIAO�½§o1U�THh EAB�?YOPFRQVTRojB6?¥TqIA@pQ!@nQ¤Tqh Ý6FRQVT¸�h:B6Qq@n?YOgF�{}|6~(xqwd�S�P�Cwjz���wj�&¿Vi�hJFXOP·Aojµf¹AmnOgÁAÃY½XI6OPFHO�@CTXi�hJmnmnhd½MQ.THIAO�NJOgFqD=ÃAoJQ§@nBÅ¥µ�ÎJÒl©¤º±�ÜI6ojTt?Yh�OgQ�TqI6@nQXD`h1·c¸PhJB-THoJ@CB�ã

Ð�ºA´�Tt¸PhJB-THoJ@CB�QPà ¢ �jx¤vq©�wj�M�#�Cv�Ã�QSh:µ!O�IAOgµ�odTq@CTqO:º

� Ý ��î�ù1ñ(û>¡dê7ôSí��}ú�í�ïRæ£ê7ôS÷tð(í]ôSïHð(îXôVê�ð\éRëYð]û1ôsè(ôVîMïRê�ð(æ£ñVè»éRë�Þ(éRð(û7ôSí��=æ£è(ô.ߧæ£ê�ð]ôVí(îXèÉéRëAñVé�ê�ð(ôT¢Pðs�}ù$�J÷1ïHð(ô�jéRð]ôSê�ð]æ�ïRþYæ£è=ú�æ ç�ôVê�æ£êa�M�&í(ù1æ �¥âA�¥�&é�í(ødïVõ�éqçÀ�ï�ïRê1÷ˤôVø1øjôVíqòdü���� � ø � �V�=ôVí(ô��ÉôsïRí]ô|�]ù7è]ð=ñVé�ê1ñVôSí]ê1ôV÷E�=æ ð(û�æ ð(èæ£ê�ð(ôVí(ïRñVð]æ£é�êE�=æ ð]û�è]ð]í(ù7ñVð]ù1í(ïRþ�ñVé�ê1ê1ôVñ�ð(æ ç�ôVèlïRê1÷�ïR÷��]ïRñSôVê1ñ�õ3�pð]í(æ£ú�ú�ôVí(ôV÷�í]ôSþ�ïHð]æ£é�ê1è+�

ÎYÈ

Page 22: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

ǧIAO�@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:BchJi�¿Si�hJFXO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7Á¤I6OPFHO�@nB�NJh:mCN:OgQ§ojD6QSTqFRoJ¸�Tq@nBAG!TqIAO�µfO7ojBA@nBAG�hji&@CTHQXµ�odTHFq@C·QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFqO�½X@CTqI¥FHOgQq¹`Og¸�T�THhLTqIAO�µ�ojTqOPFH@pojmlTHh*@�TRQ�Fq@nGJI-T7ûojB6? TqI6OPB¥µ�oj¼�@nBAG¨ojB�oJQHQSOgFSTH@Ch:B ½X@CTqIFHOgQq¹�O7¸�T§Tqh!TqI6@nQMoJD6QSTqFRoJ¸�TH@Ch:B»ºYǧI6odTX@pQPÃY@Ci=THIAO�Ñ=Ö�¸�hJB-THFq@nDAEYTHOg?cD-U�TqIAO�µ�odTHFq@C·�¸�mpojE�QSO�hji§Å¥µ�ÎjÐ�Ò@pQPÃAFHhJE6GJIAmnUJÃ

³ Æ ¸�h:B-THoj@nB=Å�D�h1·ÉÈJà IAOgµfojTq@CTqO:È7ÒTqI6OPBLTqI6O�Ñ=ÖªFHOgQqEAmCTq@nBAG!i�Fqh:µ TqI6O�oJ?A?Y@CTq@nhJBLhJi�¿Vi�h:FXO�·Aojµf¹AmnOgÁf¸gojB�D�O�½XFH@�TqTqOgB�Og@�THIAOPFX½X@CTqI¨QqO�TBAhJTHodTH@Ch:BâÅ�o:Q�@nB�³�³(Ò�Ã\THoJ¼-@nBAG�oJB¥OPB-Tq@CTVU�Tqh O�·YOPµf¹Amn@�i�U¥o¨QqO�T7Ã\h:F�½X@CTqI ? À�BAhjTRodTH@Ch:B Å�oJQ¤@nB�³�³]³]Ò�ÃTHoJ¼�@CBAG�oJB�OgB-Tq@CTVU�Tqh�OP·�Ogµf¹AmC@Ci�Uco!¹AFHhJ¹`OPFqTVU#Õ

³]³ Æ vq©�vP�M�#��{ ¢ �jÅ�IAOgµ�odTq@CTqO:ÈJà ðrÁà¸PhJB-THoJ@CB=Å�D�h1·ÉÈ:à Á Òñ1Ò³�³]³ Æ vq©�vP�M�#��{ ¢ �jÅ�IAOgµ�odTq@CTqO:ÈJà ? Á º�¸�hJB-TRoj@nB=Å�D`h1·ÉÈJà Á ÒSÒ

ß�hjTHI¨O�·Y¹AFHOgQHQXTHIAO�i�o:¸�TMTHI6odTL¿SIAOgµ�odTq@CTqO7Á�@pQtojB�O�·Aojµf¹AmnO�hjis½XI�odTt@pQ�¸PhJB-THoJ@CB6Og?L@nB*TqIAO¤D�h1·Éº � î��@nB6¸�OLh:BAO*¸PojBá?YOPFH@nNJO�Å�³]Ò¤mnhJG:@n¸gojmnmCU�i�FHhJµ Og@�THIAOPF*Å�³]³]Ò¤hJF*Å]³�³�³(Ò�Ã&hJB6Ocµf@nGJI-T�¸RIAh�h:QqO�Tqh�FHO�TRoj@nBhJB6mCU¥Å�³]³]Ò§h:F¤Å]³�³�³(Ò§ojB6?�?YOPFH@CN:O�Å�³(Ò§@Ci¦ojB6?L½XI6OPB¨@CT�@pQMBAOgOg?YO7?ɺ`´�B*TqIAO¤FqOgµ�oj@nB6?YOPFthjilTqI6O�¹6oJ¹�OgFgý�O¤E6QqO!TqIAO ? BAhJTHodTH@Ch:B�G:@CN:OPB�@nB�Å�³�³]³]Ò�º5¯thjTq@p¸�O!THI6odT�i�Fqh:µ TqIAOf¹`OPFRQS¹`Og¸�Tq@nNJO!hji§¸�hJµf¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B6ojmQqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQgÃX¿Vi�h:F�O�·Aojµf¹AmnOgÁcFHOgQqOPµ�D6mCO7Q�o�Û-E6oJB-Tq@CÝ6OPF7ÃÉ@CB�THI6odT�TqI6O�Qq¸PhJ¹`O!hJi�@CTHQ�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B@pQ�BAhjT�@pQSh:µfhJFH¹AIA@p¸�THh�@CTHQ�QSU�B-THo:¸�Tq@p¸�¹�h-QS@CTq@nhJB=ºsǧI-E�Qf¹AFqhY?YE�¸�@nBAG�oJB�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:Bªi�h:F¥¿Vi�hJFO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7Á�½X@nmCmXFHOgÛ-EA@nFHO�Qq@Cµf@nmnoJF!TqOg¸RI6BA@nÛ-EAO7Q!Tqh TqIAh-QSOLE6QqOg?�@CBá@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�Tq@nBAG�Û-E6ojB-Tq@CÝ6OgFHQgº�� O½X@nmCmÉTRoj¼:O�THIA@pQXEA¹*ojG-oj@nB�@nBR�YOg¸�TH@Ch:Bzµ6º

´�it½�Ocmnh�hJ¼¥odT!TqI6O�¸PhJµf¹6ojFRojD6mCO�QS@CTqE6ojTq@nhJB�@CBá?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�QqE6¸RIáoJQ�Å¥µ(�-Òg|ÉÅ¥µVµ�Ò�Ã$½XIAOPFHOá¿Vi�hJFO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7Á�hY¸P¸PEAFHQsTqh¤TqIAO�Fq@nGJI-T�hji=o�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOt¸PhJBABAO7¸�TH@CN:OJÃ-@�TX¸PoJB�ojmpQSh�D�O�QSOgOPB�o:Q¦oJD6QSTqFRoJ¸�TH@CB6GTqI6O�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B�hJi\@CTHQX?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�À�mCOgNJOPm�µ�odTqFH@C·cQVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FqO:Ã-½X@CTqILFHOgQq¹�O7¸�T§Tqh¤TqI6O�µfojTqOgFq@pojm`Tqh@CTHQXFH@CG:I-TgºÅ¥µ��:Ò­~Jh:IAB¤¾VE6QVT�DAFqh:¼JO�IA@pQXojFHµ�ºÀÄÉ�1� ¢ �jx�vq©�wj�M�#�Cv�Ã�IAO�¸PoJB»Ô TX¸PUY¸�mnO�THh�½¦h:Fq¼�B6hd½�ºÅ¥µ(µ-Ò�ÊshJE�QqIAh:EAmn?AB»Ô T$TqFHE6QST�~:hJIAB��RvR�Rwdz��Pv�� ¢ �jxXvH©�wd�t�`�CvPÃ1IAO.B6OPNJOgF=FHO�THEAFqB�Q»½XI6ojT\IAO�D�h:FqFHhd½MQgº

´�B¥Å¥µ��:Ò�ÃATqIAO�¸PhJBABAO7¸�TH@CN:Oc¿HQSh-Á�mnOgo:?AQ�Tqhxqv��RzY��~(ÅTK&à ¶ Ò

D`OP@nBAG�oJ?A?AOg?�Tqh!TqIAO�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqOJÃ�½XIAOgFqO�K¨@pQ�TqI6O�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B�hJi�¿^~:hJI6Bc¸PoJB»Ô TX¸PUY¸�mnO�THhf½¦h:Fq¼BAhd½MÁ6Ã6ojB6? ¶ @nQXTqIAO�@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:BchJi�¿H~Jh:IAB�¾VE�QVTtD6Fqh:¼JO�IA@pQMojFHµ�ÁAºl¿qÖ6hJFXOP·YoJµf¹AmCO7Á¤TqIAOgB¨ojDYÀQSTqFRoJ¸�TRQ»THIA@pQ=FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B�½X@�THI�FHOgQq¹�O7¸�T\TqhMTHIAO�µfojTqOgFq@pojmJTqht@CTHQ$FH@CG:I-T¦Å�@(º O:ºCÃ�K»Ò�ÃgTHIAOPFHOPD�U�¸�h:B-TqFH@CDAEATq@nBAG6Õ

vq©�vP�M�#��{ ¢ �jÅQK&à ? Á º»xqv���zY��~(Å Á à ¶ ÒqÒǧI6ojT�@pQPæ¿^~:hJIAB*¸PoJB»Ô T�¸�UY¸PmCO�THh�½�hJFH¼�Á!@pQtoJB*O�·Aojµf¹AmnO�hjis½XI�odTtFHOgQqEAmCTHQXi�FHhJµ ¿^~:hJI6B�D6FqO7oj¼�@CB6GIA@pQMojFHµ�ÁAº���@nµf@CmpojFHmnUJÃl¿SD`Og¸gojE6QqOgÁ¤@nB�Å�µVµ�Ò.mnOgo:?AQ�Tqh

vq©��#�Cwd|#wd~({��d|�ÅTK&à ¶ ÒD`OP@nBAG�oJ?A?YO7?�THh�TqI6O�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOJÃ-½XIAOgFqOBK¨@pQ.THIAO�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B�hji�¿SIAO�BAOPN:OPF�FqOPTqEAFHB6Q¦½XI6odT§IAOD`hJFHFqhd½MQHÁAà ¶ @pQ�TqIAO�@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:B�hji�¿SU:hJE�QqIAhJE6mn?YB=Ô TXTHFqE6QST�~Jh:IAB6Á6Ã�oJB6?�¿Vi�hJF§OP·YoJµf¹AmCO7Á¤o:?A?AQ

� ��³»û1ôlîMïHð]ôVí(æ�ïRþ:ð]é�ð]û1ôsí(æ£ú�û�ð»éRë�Þ]ëné�í»ôT¢1ïRî��7þ£ô+ߦñSïRê�øjôsïRêPõ>�Pæ£ê1÷�éRëAñVé�ê1è�ð(æ ð]ù1ôVêPðSòJæ£ê1ñVþ£ù1÷1æ£ê1ú�è(ù1ñ�û�è]ð]í�ïRê1ú�ôé�ê1ôVè\ïRèº�é�û1ê�ú�ïSç�ô�òdëCé�í=ôT¢7ïRî��1þ£ô�òdï��1é^�ÉôVíÉð(éMï¦êgù1í]è(ô��

�=ôSí]ô�ò±Þ�ïÅ�dé+�ÉôVí»ð]éMï�êPù1í(è]ô.ßC�Éé�ù1þ£÷tøjôsïRê�ôT¢1ïRî��7þ£ôléRëYð(û1ôsè]ôVð=éRëAé�ør�]ôVñ�ðs�pí(ôVñVæ®�1æ£ôVêPð��dïRæ£í(è[�=æ ð]û1æ£ê7º�é�û1ê�� èú�æ çgæ£ê1ú�è^�`£gù1ñ�ûtê1é�ê$�pè]ð(ïRê1÷dïRí(÷�ñVé�ê1è]ð]æ ð(ù7ôSê�ð]è&ïRí(ô&ïRþ£è(ésëné�ù1ê7÷Ë�=æ ð(ûMñVéPé�í(÷1æ£êdïHð]æ£é�ê-ò��=û1æ£ñ(û>�»ïRè»é�ê1ô$îXéRð(æ çRïHð(æ£é�êëCé�í��Éé�î¦ø1æ£êdïHð]é�í(æ�ïRþ �»ïHð]ôVú�é�í(æ�ïRþ± $í(ïRîXîMïRí���£Pð(ôVôV÷1îMïRê-ò � ��� $ � �A³»û1æ£è���ù1è]ð=æ£þ£þ£ù1è�ð(í(ïHð(ôVè=ïRê1éRð]û1ôVí$ñSïRè(ô��=û1ôVí(ôè]ù1ñ�û�ê7é�ê$�}è]ð(ïRê1÷dïRí]÷�ñVé�ê1è]ð]æ ð]ù1ôVêPð]èlïRí(ôlê7ôSôV÷1ôV÷��

ÎJÎ

Page 23: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

vq©�vP�M�#��{ ¢ �jÅQK&à ? Á º\vH©��#�Cwd|#wd~({��d|`Å Á à ¶ ÒSÒ@(º O:ºCÃYTHI6odT¤K @pQMojB�O�·Aojµf¹AmnO�hji$TqIAO�FHOgo:QSh:B6Q.i�hJFMBAhJT§TqFHE6QVTH@CB6Gi~:hJI6B»º

¿qÖ6hJF§O�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7Á¤@nB-TqOgFHo:¸�THQ§½X@CTqI*?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�o:?YNJOgFqD6@noJmnQ�@nBcTHIAO�QHojµfO�½�o1U#ÕÅ¥µ ¹JÒÜ��I6oJmCmA½�OXGJh�THh�THIAOtÑ=@CB6¸PhJmnB!ƨOPµfhJFH@noJmpãc `�6v�|6� ¢ �jx�vq©�wj�M�#�Cv�Ã:½¦OX¸gojBfGJh�Tqh�THIAO��ÜIA@CTqO

ÂMh:E6QSO:ºÅ¥µ-Ó:ÒcÐtQlo�µfhJBAOgU�µ�oJB6ojG:OPF&ojB6?¤otG:FHo:QqQSÀ(FHh�hjTRQÉOPB�N�@CFHhJB6µ!OgB-THojmn@pQVT7Ãg´»½§oJQ$N:OPFHU�?A@nQHoj¹A¹`hJ@nB-TqO7?

Tqh�FqO7oJ?�@nB�TqIAO ¹AFqOgµf@COgFqO¨@pQHQSEAO�hjia��ojFHD6oJGJOLTqI�odT�ǧI6O¼��oJmCm&�-THFqOgO�TÜ~:hJE6FqB6oJmME6QqOgQÎJÎJÏAà ÏJÏJÏ�µfOPTqFH@n¸�Tqh:B6Q�hji�BAOg½MQS¹6Fq@nB-TcOgo:¸RI UJO7ojF7æD6EYTcTHI6odTLhJB6mCU�È:º µwÆ hJi�@CTL¸PhJµfOgQi�Fqh:µ FqO7¸�UY¸�mnOg?�¹�oj¹`OPF7ºF�M���H�j|6~(xqw1��~(ÃjTHIAO�Ñ=h:Q�ÐMBAG:OPmnOgQ�ǧ@CµfO7QPà ¢ �dx�vH©-wj�M�#�CvPÃ-E�QSO7Q¦Ë(��ÆFqO7¸�UY¸�mnOg?c¹6oJ¹�OgFgº�� �¸�F~�ÃYi�Fqh:µ k&OgBAB�Ç\FHOPOgߧoJBA¼­´dÏ-Î(´1½MQ�¾�À�Ï:ÎjÓ:Ê`�

´�B�>l·Aojµf¹AmnOCµ�¹YÃ1THIAO§FqO7QSh:mCN:Og?¤?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJm&¿VTqI6OPB6Á�mnOgoJ?6Q=THh�w ¢ ~�v�x�ÅTK&à ¶ Ò&D`OP@nBAG�o:?A?YOg?�TqhTqI6O�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�¸�h:B:THO�·�TgÃY½XI6OPFHO7K @pQ�TqIAO�@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJBchji�¿S½�O�¸gojB�GJh¤TqhfTHIAOm�ÜIA@�THO�ÂMh:E6QSO7ÁAö @nQ§THIAO�@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJBchji�¿S½�O�¸gojB�GJh¤TqhfTHIAO�Ñ»@nB6¸�h:mCBLÆ*Ogµ!h:Fq@pojmpÁAÃYoJB6?á¿Vi�hJF§OP·YoJµf¹AmCO7ÁfoJ?A?AQ

vq©�vP�M�#��{ ¢ �jÅQK&à ? Á º\w ¢ ~�vPx�Å Á à ¶ ÒSÒ@(º O:ºCÃ6TqI6ojT+K�@nQMoJBLO�·Aojµf¹AmnO�hji$TqIAO�OPNJOgB-THQ§THI6odT_� ¸PoJBF�=i�h:mCmnhd½âG:hJ@nBAG!Tqh�THIAO�Ñ»@nB6¸�h:mCB¨Æ¨OPµfhJFH@noJm]ºÅQÇ Æ)ÈÒÆ ÐtQ.oJmCFHOgo:?YU�B6hjTqO7?ÉÃ-½¦OtoJFqOXD`OP@nBAG�i�oJ@CFHmnU�i�o:QVT¦oJB6?�mnh�h:QqOXFqOgG:ojFR?Y@nBAG�TqOgB6QSO�ojB6?fµfhY?AoJmC@CTVUJÃ@nBcTHIAO�@nB:THOPFHOgQSTHQ§hJi\i�hY¸�E�QqQq@CB6G!h:B�THIAO�TVU�¹�O7QXhji$@CB-THOPFRoJ¸�TH@Ch:B6Qgº Ò

´�B�>l·Aojµf¹AmnObµ:Ó6Ã�TqI6OlFqO7QSh:mCN:Og?�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSOlojB�oj¹AIAh:FX¿SD�U�¸PhJB-TqFRoJQSTHÁ�¸�h:B-TqFH@CDAEATqOgQ¦�H�j|6~(xqw1��~�ÅQK&à ¶ Ò�ýXIAOgFqOEK�@pQXTHIAO�@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJBLhJi�¿STqIAO¤Ñ=Рǧ@nµfOgQtE6QS@nBAG�Ë(��Æ FqO7¸�UY¸�mnOg?�¹6oJ¹�OgFHÁ�oJB6? ¶ @nQMTqIAO@nB:THOP¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:B!hJi¦¿qhJBAmnU�ÈJº µ�Æhji�@CT>� BAOP½MQq¹AFH@CB-TsE6QqOg?¤D�U�TqI6O��¸�F~A�`¸�hJµfO7Q=i�FHhJµ+FqO7¸�UY¸�mnO�¹6oj¹`OPFRÁAº¿qÖ6hJFXOP·YoJµf¹AmCO7Á¤TqIAOgBL¸PhJB-TqFH@nDAEYTqO7Q

vq©�vP�M�#��{ ¢ �jÅQK&à ? Á º\�R�d|�~]xqwd��~(Å Á à ¶ ÒSÒ@(º O:ºCÃYTHI6odT¤K @pQXhJBAO�OP·YoJµf¹AmCO�hJi&¸PhJB-TqFRoJQSTHQ�½X@CTqI�TqIAO&�¸�±~6Ô Q§µf@CBA@nµ�ojm»E�QSO�hJi\FHOg¸�UY¸PmCO7?�¹6oJ¹�OgFgº

�ÜI6ojT¦hY¸P¸PEAFHQ.½X@�THI�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOt¸�h:BABAOg¸�[email protected]�?�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJmnQ.¸PojBcojmpQSh�hY¸P¸PEAF.½X@CTqIcFqOgmnojTq@nhJB6QoJ?6?YOg?cTqI6Fqh:EAGJILoJ?1¾So:¸�OgB6¸�U-À(TqFH@CG:GJOPFHOg?�?YO�i�O7oJQq@CDAmnO�@CBAi�OPFHOPB6¸POJÃ6o:Q¦@nBÅ¥µF°jÒ�ÊshJE*QqIAhJEAmp?YB»Ô TXTqFHE6QST�~Jh:IAB»º É\�dx�vH©�wd�t�`�CvPÃAIAO�BAOgNJOgFXFqOPTqEAFHB6Q�½XI6odTMI6O�D�h:FqFHhd½MQPº

vq©��#�Cwd|#wd~({��d|�Å ¶ à K»Òvq©�vP�M�#��{ ¢ �jÅQK&à ? Á º\vH©��#�Cwd|#wd~({��d|`Å ¶ à Á ÒSÒ

ÂMOgFqO:ÃjoJQ$@nB�Å�µVµ-Ò�Ã1TqIAO§FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B�¹AFHhdN�@n?YO7?�D�U�oJ?d¾SoJ¸�OgB6¸�U-À(TqFH@CG:GJOgFqO7?�@CBYi�OgFqOgB6¸�O�@pQn@��fvH©��`�Cwj|`wj~]{��j|6ýXIA@p¸RIL@nQ�THIAOPB*E6QqOg?cD�Uª¿Vi�h:FXO�·Aojµf¹AmnOgÁ6º

ß�EYTM½XI6ojTXoJD�h:EYTXTqI6O�µfoJB�U�¸Po:QSO7Q¦½XI6OPFHO�h:BAmnU�vH©-vP�t�`��{ ¢ ��QqOPOPµ�Q§¹AFHOgQqOPB-T7ÃAoJQ§@nBÅ¥µ-Ë:Ò�´�BªQSh:µfO�FqO7QS¹`Og¸�THQ�THIAOPU � I-U�¹`OPFqTqOP·-T¤D�h�hJ¼YQ+�¦ojFHO�¸�mnOgoJFqmnU QqEA¹`OPFH@Ch:F�Tqh*B6hJFHµfoJmsD`h-h:¼YQPÃ

i�hJF&O�·AoJµ!¹6mCO.TqIAOgU�I6o1NJO¦?AodTRojD6o:QSO�¸�FHh:QHQVÀ�FqOPi�OPFHOPB6¸P@CB6G§i�oJ¸�@nmn@�TH@CO7Q\h:FH?A@CB6oJFqU�NJh:mCE6µ!O7Q=mpoJ¸R¼#º� È ®d³�­7³�½$Å0ÇRÂA­g³�¯`¬�±Ã�É�¯�®�Ä$±�½:Ã{}�ß Á È7ÏJË °$�

Å¥µ-Ê:ÒcÂMOe� ~:oJµfOgQlß�OPmnmChd½MQ+�AojB6?!IA@pQsQqE6¸P¸POgQHQSh:FgÃ1ƨoJFqU�ÐtBABAO���hJmpojB»ÃJFqO7QVTHhJFHOg?�FHOgQq¹`Og¸�T&i�h:F&TqIAOOg?Y@CTqh:Fq@pojmɹ6FqhY?YE6¸�TgÃ6oJB6?�TqIAh:EAGJIL@nBcFHOg¸POPB-TXUJOgoJFHQ¦THIAO�¹6oj¹`OPFXI�oJ?�D�OgOPBLmn@Cµf¹A@nBAG�ojmnhJB6GhJB�mn@Cµf@CTqO7?�FqO7QSh:EAFR¸�OgQgÃj@CTHQ¦oJ¸P¸PhJµf¹Amn@nQqIAµfOPB-TRQs½�OPFHOXBAhjTRojDAmnOJºwÉ=�jx�vH©-wj�M�#�CvPÃJTHIAO�ÂtOPFRojmp?¸�h:B6QS@pQSTqOPB-THmCU*D`OgojT�@CTHQ�µ�E�¸RIYÀ(mpojFHGJOgFMFH@CNdojm$hJB�?Y@pQq¸PmCh-QSEAFHOgQ�ojD`hJEYT�Ñ»h-Q�ÐtBAGJOgmCO7Q�ƨo1UJh:FÇ=h:µ ß�FRoJ?YmnOPU#Ô Q.Ý�B6ojB6¸P@noJm»?YOgoJmC@nBAG-QPº

ǧIAOgFqO§ojFHO�ojTlmCO7oJQST$TV½�h�O�·Y¹AmpojB6ojTq@nhJB6QgÕJr�BAO¦@pQ$TqI�odT�¿Vi�h:F$OP·Aojµf¹AmnOgÁ�QS@nµf¹AmCU�¹AFqhdN�@p?YOgQ&?Y@nFHOg¸�TBAh:BYÀ�?AO�i�Ogo:QS@nDAmnO�OPN�@p?YOPB6¸POfi�hJFcvH©�v��t�`��{ ¢ �dÃ\½XIA@p¸RI¥@pQ�TqIAO�hJBAmnU�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B�THI6odT�I6hJmp?AQPº\ǧIAO�hjTHIAOPFO�·Y¹AmpojB�odTq@nhJB¨i�hJmnmChd½MQMTqIAO!QqoJµ!O¤¹6odTqTqOgFqB�o:QXTHIAO¤OP·Aojµf¹AmnOgQMG:@CN:OPB�oJD�hdN:OJÃAD6EYT�½X@CTqI BAh�i�E6FSTHIAOPFFHOPmpodTq@nhJBáTHI6ojB vP�CwJ�R�dxHwd~({��d|�ÅTK&à ¶ Ò�ºXǧI6odT�@pQPÃ.½¦O*EAB�?YOPFRQVTRojB6?á@nB Å¥µ-Ë:Ò¤TqI�odTª¿SI�o1N-@nBAG¥?AojTHojD�oJQqO¸�FHh:QHQSÀ(FHO�i�OgFqOgB6¸�@nBAG�i�oJ¸P@Cmn@�TH@CO7QqÁ�v��nwJ�R�dxqwj~�v��lTqI6OtFHOgQq¹�O7¸�THQ.@CB�½XIA@n¸RI�I-U�¹`OPFqTqOP·-T�D�h�h:¼�Q¦ojFHOtQqEA¹�OgFq@nhJFTqh¤BAhJFHµ�ojmAD`h�hJ¼YQgÃJ½XIA@nmCOt@CB�Å�µ:Ê-Ò�ÃJ½�OMEAB�?YOPFRQVTRojB6?!THI6odT!¿VTHIAOtÂMOgFHoJmn?R� BAOg½MQS¹6oJ¹�OgF+�`¸�hJB�QS@pQVTHOPB-TqmnUD`OgodTH@CB6Gt@CTHQ»µ¤E6¸RIYÀ�mnoJFqG:OPFÉFH@CNdoJmnÁ�vP�Cw:�H�jxqwd~�v��`THIAO¦¸PmnoJ@Cµ4THI6odTt¿q@�TRQ=o:¸P¸�h:µf¹AmCOgµfOPB-THQ=½¦OgFqOlBAhJTHoJDAmCO7ÁAºÇ§IA@pQ�vP�CwJ�R�dxHwd~({��d|�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:Bc@pQ�TqIAOgB¨ojD6QSTqFRoJ¸�TqO7?�Å�@nBLFqO7QS¹`hJB�QSO�Tqh�¿Si�hJFXO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7Á:Ò.Tqhf¹AFHhY?YE6¸�O:Õ

ÎA�

Page 24: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

vq©�vP�M�#��{ ¢ �jÅQK&à ? Á º\vP�CwJ�R�dxHwd~({��d|�Å Á à ¶ ÒSÒ@(º O:ºCÃ-TqI�odT�TqIA@pQ�@nQ�hJB6OtO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO�hji=µ�ojB�Uf¹`h:QHQS@nDAmnOtOPmpojD`hJFRodTH@Ch:B6Qgº:ß�Og¸gojE6QqOXTqI6@nQ�@pQ¦µfh:FqOtQq¹`Og¸�@CÝ�¸TqI�ojB�vP�CwJ�R�jxqwd~({��d|LojB6?�QSOgOPµ�QXTHh�µfOgojB¨TqIAO!QqoJµ!O¤oJQ¤vH©�v��t�`��{ ¢ �jÅQK&à ¶ Ò�ÃÉhJB6O�µf@CG:I:T�QS@nµf¹AmnU�TRoj¼JO@CT�Tqh*D`OfTqIAO�hJBAmnU�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B�THI6odT�IAh:mn?6QPº���@nNJOgB�TqI6ojT�QSh*µ�ojB�U¨B�odTqE6FHoJmCmnU-À(hY¸P¸PEAFH@CBAG�@nB6QVTRojB6¸POgQhji¤¿Vi�hJF�O�·Aojµf¹AmnOgÁ�hY¸P¸�E6F�½X@CTqI�v��Cw:�R�dxqwj~]{��j|6ÃÉ@CT�@pQt¹6Fqh:D6ojDAmnULE6QqO�i�EAm\Tqh�¹�OgFHQq@pQVT�½X@�THI¨TqI6O!oJD�hdN:OQqIAhJFqTqI6oJB6?ɺAß�EYTM@CTtQSI6hJEAmp?YB»Ô TMhJD6QH¸�E6FqO�TqI6O�FHOPG:EAmpojF§¹6odTqTqOgFqB�TqI�odTtoj¹6¹�O7ojFRQ.THhfIAhJmp?ɺ

ß�O�i�h:FqO�GJh:@CBAG�hJB¤TqhaÉa±½$¾ h Ãd½�OXQSI6hJEAmp?¤¸PhJµfµfOPB-TlhJBfojBfojµ¤DA@CG:EA@CTVU�oJQHQShY¸P@nojTqOg?�½X@�THI�¿Vi�hJFO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7ÁAºV�ÜI6OPBª¿Si�hJF.OP·Aojµf¹AmnOgÁ�hY¸P¸PEAFRQsodi}THOPF§ojB�¯tk&Ã�k.k�h:F¦¸PmnoJE6QSOMTqI6ojT�¸PoJB�D�O�@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTqO7?oJQlo�G:OPBAOgFHoJmY¸�hJB�¸�OP¹AT&h:Fso�QSOPTgÃj@CT.¸PoJB!¸PhJB-TqFH@CD6EYTqOXo�FqOgmnojTq@nhJB!D�OPTV½¦OgOPB¤TqIAOXG:OPBAOgFHoJmY¸�hJB�¸�OP¹AT�´dQqO�TojB�?�oJBc@nB6QSTHoJB6¸�O:ÃAFHojTqIAOgF�TqI6oJB�D`OP@nBAG�¹6oJFHo:QS@CTq@p¸�hJBLojBAhJTqIAOgFXFqOgmnojTq@nhJB»ºAÖ6hJFXO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO:ÃY@CB»ÕÅs¹JÏ:Ò�´�B!TqIAOX¸Po:QSO§hJi6TqI6O�µ�oJB6ojG:Og?�i�E6B6?AQ&THIAOPU¤½X@CmnmYD�OM?AOPBAh:µ!@nB6ojTqOg?¤@nB!o�mnOgoJ?A@CBAG�¸PEAFqFHOPB�¸�UJÃ

i�hJFXOP·YoJµf¹AmCO�KE��?YhJmnmnoJFgÃ�©1©3©e� È ÇÙÉ }�ß Á È�¹jÊJÏA�¿Vi�h:FMO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7ÁfFqOgmnojTqOgQXTqIAO¤GJOPB6OPFRojm»¸�h:B6¸�Og¹YT�?YOgBAhjTHOg?LD�Uá¿qofmnOgoJ?A@CBAG�¸PEAFHFqOgB6¸�UYÁ¤Tqh�o�Qq¹`Og¸�@CÝ�¸@nB6QVTRojB6¸POJÃsKE��?Yh:mCmpojFRQgº�Å�´�B+¿HߦFH@CTq@pQSI6Á�>sB6GJmn@nQqI»Ã\TqIAO*ß�¯E} QSIAhd½MQ¤THI6odT�µfh:QSTfQqE6¸RI�O�·Aojµf¹AmnOgQhY¸P¸PEAFt½X@CTqI ¿HQSE�¸RI¨oJQHÁa|c@]º OJºnÃ`@CB*THIAO¤¸PhJB6QSTqFHE6¸�Tq@nhJB�¿qQqE6¸RI¨oJQMi�hJF�O�·Aojµf¹AmnOgÁ6º6ǧIA@pQt¹6oJFHoJ¹AIAFRoJQqO?Yh�OgQ�BAhJT�½�hJFH¼�½X@�THI¨TqI6O¤¹AFHOg?A@n¸godTqOPÀ�oJD6QSTqFRoJ¸�TH@CB6G¥¿Vi�hJF�O�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7Á�TqI�odT�@nQ�hji.¹6Fq@nµ�ojFHUL¸PhJB6¸POPFHBIAOgFqO:Ã6QSE�¸RI�o:Q§@CB*>l·AoJµ!¹6mCOEµ-ÎAº Ò

ß�EYT¤¿Si�hJFsOP·Aojµf¹AmnOgÁ�hY¸P¸PEAFHFq@nBAG�odi}THOPF§ojB�¯�k&Ã-k¦k�hJF¦¸PmnoJE6QqOt¸PoJB»Ã-oJm�THOPFHB6odTH@CN:OPmnUJÃJ¸PhJB-TqFH@nDAEYTqOofµfhJFHO�QqEADYTHmCO�¹�ojFRoJQq@�TH@n¸�FHOPmpodTq@nhJB�QSIA@n¹�THhfTqIAO�¹6FqOgN-@nhJE�Q�¸PmnoJE6QqOJÃAoJQ§@nBÅs¹AÈ7ÒcÐMmnmÉTqI6O�¸RIA@Cmp?YFHOPB*ojFHO�@Cmnm]Ã�QSh�ÐMB�?YFqOg½�à ¢ �dx�vH©�wd�t�`�CvPÃ�¸gojB»Ô TXIAOPmn¹LhJEYTM@nB�TqIAO�QqIAh:¹»º

ǧIA@pQ�?A@�Ø#OPFRQMi�FHhJµ D`hjTHI�Å¥µ��:ÒXoJB6?ªÅs¹JÏ:Ò�º`ǧI6ojT�@pQPÃ�hJBAO!¸PoJBABAhjT�¹6ojFRoj¹AI6FHo:QSO�Åg¹YÈ7ÒMoJQ!Ås¹JÎ:ÒXoJQt@CBÅ¥µ��:Ò�½XIAOgFqOL¿Si�hJF§O�·Aojµf¹AmnOgÁ¤i�h:mCmnhd½MQf¿qQqh:Á6ÕÅs¹:ÎJÒcÐMmnmÉTqI6O�¸RIA@Cmp?YFHOPB*ojFHO�@Cmnm]Ã�QSh ¢ �dx!vq©�wd�t�`�nvXÐMB6?AFqOg½4¸gojB»Ô TXIAOPmn¹LhJEYTM@nB�TqIAO�QqIAhJ¹=º

Ås¹:ÎJÒ§Qq@Cµf¹AmnU�Qq¹�O7¸�@CÝ6OgQtojB�O�·Aojµf¹AmnO�¸�hJB�QSO7Û:E6OPB6¸PO�hJi&oJmCm#THIAO�¸RIA@nmn?AFqOgBcD`OP@nBAG�@nmCm(Ã6oJQX?Ah-O7QÅs¹V�:ÒcÐMmnmÉTqI6O�¸RIA@Cmp?YFHOPB*ojFHO�@Cmnm]Ã�QSh ¢ �dx!vq©�wd�t�`�nv§hJBAO�hJi$E6Q§I�oJQ§THh!D`O�odTXIAh:µfO�odT§Tq@nµfOgQgº

´�B¥¸�h:B:THFHo:QVT7ÃsÅs¹AÈ7Ò�QS¹`Og¸P@�Ý�OgQ�oJB OP·YoJµf¹AmCO�¸PhJB6QqOgÛ-EAOgB6¸�O!i�h:F�ÐMB6?YFHOP½�Ã�w1���d|`v�� ¢ ~��Av��R��{}�C�jxqv�|�º��EA¹6¹�h:FST§i�hJF§THIA@pQX¸�hJµfO7Q.i�FHhJµ TqIAO�i�oJ¸�T§TqI6ojT§@nB�Ås¹JÎ:Ò�ÃAÐtB6?YFHOP½â?Yh�O7QSB»Ô TXI6o1NJO�TqhfD`O�hJBAO�hji\TqIAO¸RIA@nmn?AFqOgB»ÕÉIAO�¸�h:EAmn?�D�O!THIAOP@nF�B6ojB6B-U*h:F�¸RIA@Cmp? µ!@nB6?YOgFgÃ#BAhd½ÚQVTHE6¸R¼*½X@CTqI�?YOgoJmC@nBAG�½X@�THI�oJmChJT�hJiQq@n¸R¼�¼�@p?AQgº6ß�EYT�Ås¹AÈ7Ò¦@nQ§B6hjTXi�OPmn@p¸�@CTqhJE�QX@�ilÐMB�?YFqOg½â@pQXBAhJTMhJBAO�hji\TqIAO�¸RI6@Cmp?YFHOPB»º

��OMQSE6Qq¹`Og¸�T¦IAOPFHO�TqIAOM@nB�NJh:mCN:OPµfOPB-T&hji�ô�| ¢ �jx��fwj~]{��j|"Ä�~(x�z6��~(zYxqv�Ås�-THOPO7?Yµ�ojB»Ã�ÎjÏJÏ:ÏJo-Ò�Õ��ÜIA@nmCOTqI6O�@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:B�¸�hJB�N:OPUJO7?�D�U*¿Vi�hJF$O�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7ÁX@nQ$¹6oJFHo:QS@CTq@p¸sh:B�TqI6O�o:?1¾SoJ¸POPB6¸PU�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B�ÅVxHv���zY��~@nB�>s·YoJµf¹AmCOi¹YÈ1Ò�Ã`@�TRQ�¹`h:Qq@CTq@nhJB oji}TqOgFtTHIAO«¯tk ¿HÐMB6?AFqOg½MÁ�@nB�Ås¹AÈ7Òtµ�o1U�@nB6?Y@p¸PojTqOfo �R�d|�~]xHw1��~]{}�dv~��AvP�fv�½X@CTqI�FqO7QS¹`Og¸�T¦THh�THIAO�¹AFqOgN�@Ch:E6Q¦¸PmnoJE6QqOJÃYoJ¸g¸�hJFR?Y@nBAG�THh¤½XIA@p¸RIcÐtB6?YFHOP½+{}|��H�j|6~(xqw1��~s~��!~��Av�d~��AvPx��R��{}�C�jxqv�| QSEYØ#OPFRQ�TqI6@nQ�¹�ojFqTq@p¸�EAmpojF�¸�h:B6QqOgÛ-EAOPB�¸�OJº»ß�EYT�µfhJFHOf½¦h:Fq¼*B6OPOg?6Q�Tqh*D`O�?YhJBAOfh:BTqI6@nQ§THh�G:oJ@CBLo¤i�EAmCm=EAB6?YOgFHQSTHoJB6?Y@nBAGfhji&½XI6odTX@pQXGJh:@CBAG!hJB=º

Éa±½$¾ hH¸ @ � ³s½aÂ�°�¾���¾ ±½g³�Á�Ãs¾�®d±�Ã�¾�­1Å�ÂY­!³�¬$²J¯�®$Ħ¯6®`ÂY­$¾�½�@ Æ }�o:QSO˵¤hY¸g¸�EAFRQ.½X@CTqIL?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOoJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQ�TqI6ojT�¸PojFHFHULTqIAO�QHojµfOf¹AFHOgQqEA¹A¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B�o:Q�TqIAO�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOf¸�hJB6BAOg¸�Tq@nNJOgQL¿HojmCTqIAh:EAGJI�ÁojB�?�TqIAO�¸�hJB�¸�OgQHQq@CN:OfQqOPB�QSO�hJi�¿S½XIA@nmCO7Á¥Å�Ñ\ojGJOgFq½�OPFqiVÃlÈgÊ:ÊJË-Ò�º�}�oJQqO�µ¨QqI6ojFHOgQ�hJBAOfi�O7odTqE6FqO�½X@CTqI}�oJQqO�ÈJÃ�@CBLTHI6odTtTqIAO�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�FHOPmpodTq@nhJBO@+¸�hJB�N:OPUJO7?�D�ULo�QVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FHoJm=¸�h:BABAOg¸�Tq@nNJO�h:FM@CBAi�OPFHFqO7?i�FHhJµ o:?1¾SoJ¸POPB6¸PU�IAh:mn?6Q�D�OPTV½¦OgOPBmKÚÅ}TqI6O¨@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJBáhji�TqIAO�o:?YNJOgFqD6@noJm]Ô Q!µfojTqFH@�·�¸�mpojE6QqO7ÒojB�? ¶ Å}TqI6O*@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B�hJitTqI6O�mnO�i}TqÀ�o:?1¾SoJ¸POPB-T�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�EABA@CTRÒ�ºb�ÜIAOPFHOL@�T�?A@�Ø#OPFRQ!@nQ!THI6odTTqI6O�FqO7QSE6m�T�@pQ�TqIAOgB�@CB6¸PhJFH¹�h:FHojTqO7?¨@nB:THhLTqIAO!�#xqv��Rz7�:�A�d��{}~]{��j|¨hji�TqIAO�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOfoJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJm]º»Ç§I6@nQ¹AFHOgQqEA¹A¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B»ÃAoJ¸g¸�h:FH?Y@nBAG�THh�Ñ=ojG:OPFH½¦OgFSi.ÅSÈgÊ:ÊJË:Ò�Ã:I�oJQ¦TqIAO�B6ojTqEAFHO�hji$o¤¹AFHOgQqEA¹A¹`h:QqOg? Å�hJFX¸PhJBYÀNJOgB-Tq@nhJB6oJmCmnU�@nµf¹AmC@p¸PojTqO7?6ÒM�Jv ¢ vRw1��{��P�Cv�x�zY�CvlTqI6ojTsi�oj@nmpQ&Tqh�I6hJmp?¤@nBfTqI6Ot¸�EAFHFHOPB-T.QS@CTqE�odTq@nhJB=º:ÂMOtGJ@nNJOgQoJQXoJBLO�·Aojµf¹AmnOÅs¹Aµ-ÒcÐMmCTqIAh:EAGJI¼��FHO�TRoi��oJFqD`hf½�o:Q§¸PojmnmnOg?cTqIAO�U-ojFR?AQSTq@p¸R¼!hJi$D`OgoJEYTVUJÃ�QSIAO�BAOgNJOgFXµfoJFqFH@nOg?ɺ

Î`µ

Page 25: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

ǧIA@pQsoJQHQqOPFqTHQ\D�hJTqI!TqI6ojTX��FqOPTHom��ojFHD�h�½§oJQ&¸PoJmCmnOg?�TqI6O�U-ojFR?AQSTq@p¸R¼�hji�D`OgoJEYTVU�oJB6?�THI6odT.QqIAO§BAOgNJOPFµ�ojFHFq@nOg?»º6ǧIAO�Ý6FRQVTM@nµf¹Amn@CO7Q§TqI6ojTE��FHO�THo«��oJFqD`hf@nQXD`OgoJEYTq@Ci�EAm(º`ǧI6O�O�·Aojµf¹AmnO�ojmpQShf¹AFHOgQqEA¹A¹`h:QqOgQTqI�odTgÃ6@CBLGJOgBAOPFRojm(Ã�@�i&o!½¦h:µfoJBc@pQ§D`OgojEATq@Ci�EAm]Ã�QSIAO�½X@nmCm=µfoJFqFHUJº�´�ilQSE�¸RI�o!¹AFHOgQqEA¹A¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:Bc¸gojB�D�OoJ¸g¸�h:µ!µfhY?AojTqOg?»Ã�@CT�½X@nmCm&Qq@Cµf¹AmnULD�OfoJ?A?AOg?�Tqh�TqIAOf?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�¸�hJB-THO�·�Tgº`´�isBAhjT7Ã6THIAO!IAOgoJFqOgFM½X@CmnmÝ6B6?�THIAO�EYTSTHOPFRojB6¸PO�¸�h:BYi�E6Qq@CBAGfh:FX¹�h-QqQq@CD6mCU�OgNJOgBc@nB6QqEAm�TH@CB6G6º

��OtojFHGJEAOXI6OPFHO§TqI6ojT.TqI6OtQqoJµfO§TqIA@nBAG�I6oJ¹A¹`OPB6Q.½X@�THI�TqIAO�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSOMo:?YNJOgFqDA@pojmpQ�¿SB6OPNJOgFSTHIAO�ÀmnOgQHQqÁcojB6?â¿VTqI6hJEAG:I6ÁAº`ǧIAO!?A@�Ø#OPFHOPB6¸PO¤@pQtTqI6ojTgÃ#½X@�THI ?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO¤o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojmpQgÃATqI6OLwj|6~�vH�RvR�JvP|6~\TqhTqI6O�FHEAmCO�?AOPFH@CN:OgQMoJB6oj¹AI6hJFH@n¸gojmnmCU�i�FHhJµ TqIAO¤¹AFHOPN�@Ch:E6QM?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqOJÃY½XIA@nmnO�TqIAOL�R�d|A�Pv�Pz6v�|�~=?YOPFH@nNJOgQi�FHhJµ TqIAO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJm]Ô Q�µ�odTHFq@C·�¸PmnoJE6QqOJº¦Å��Ü@�THIªTHIAO�¸�h:Bd¾VEAB6¸�Tq@nhJB6Q�¿qoJm�THIAhJEAG:I6Á*ojB�?¥¸�hJB�¸�OgQHQq@CN:O¿S½XI6@CmnOgÁ6ÃYD�hJTqI*ojFHGJEAµfOgB:TRQXojFHO�¹6FqhdN�@p?YOg?�QVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FHoJmCmnUJº£Ò

ÂMOgFqO�½¦O�Ý6FRQSTt@CmnmnE6QVTHFHojTqOc}�o:QSO&µ�½X@�THI*TV½¦h�OP·Aojµf¹AmnOgQM@nB*½XIA@p¸RIÜ¿SBAOgNJOgFSTHIAOPmnOgQHQqÁ!hY¸P¸PEAFRQX@CBTqI6Otµ�oj@nB�¸�mpojE6QqOXhji»o�QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O�¸�hJB-TRoj@nBA@CB6G�o�¹AFqOg¹�h-QSO7?�QSE6D�h:FH?Y@nB6ojTqOM¸�mpojE�QSO:ºJǧIAOtQqEAD`hJFR?Y@CB�odTqO¸�h:Bd¾VEAB6¸�Tq@nhJBªI6OPmn¹6Q�¸PmnoJFq@Ci�U¨THIAO�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B�D`O�TV½�OPOgB�TqIAO�¸�mpojE6QqOgQ�TqI6ojT�i�hJFHµ�Q�TqI6O�D6oJQq@pQ�i�hJF�TqIAO¹AFHOgQqEA¹A¹`h:QqOg?á?YO�i�O7oJQq@CD6mCO*FHEAmnOJºsÐXi}THOPF�THIA@pQPÃs½�OLGJ@nNJO*o i�EAFqTqIAOgF�O�·Aojµf¹AmnO*½XIAOPFHO�TqIAO*FHOPmpodTH@Ch:BD`O�TV½�OPOPB�THIAO�oJ?1¾So:¸�OgB:TM¸PmnoJE6QSO7QX¸�h:µ!O7Q�TqIAFHhJE6GJI�@CBYi�OgFqOgB6¸�O:ºÅs¹(¹JÒâu��Y{}�Cv�~:hJI6Bc@pQM?Y@pQq¸PE6QHQS@nBAGf¹�h:mC@CTq@p¸PQgÃYIAO�@pQ�|`vP�dv�x�~��AvP�Cv��H�¦TqIA@nBA¼�@nBAG�ojD`hJEYTXIA@pQ§Ý�QqI»º

´�B¥Ås¹(¹JÒ�ÃATqIAO�¸PhJBd¾VEAB�¸�Tq@nhJBá¿S½XI6@CmnOgÁf¸�h:B�NJOPUYQ§o¤TqOgµ!¹`hJFRojmÉFHOPmpodTH@Ch:B"@ D�OPTV½¦OgOPB�TqIAO�TV½�h�¸�mpojE6QqOgQ@CTt¸�hJB6BAOg¸�THQ

�dzYx�{}|�yJÅsþ�b G þ1aPÒ�Ã�½XIAOgFqOKþ1adÕ ?Y@pQH¸�E6QHQgÅ�¾VhJIAB=à ¹`hJmn@�TH@n¸gQHÒ»ojB6?mþ#bjÕ TqIA@nBA¼ ojD`hJEAT7Å£¾Vh:IAB»Ã Ý�QqI�Ò�ÜI6ojT¤¿SB6OPNJOgFSTHIAOPmnOgQHQHÁ�¸�hJB-THFq@nDAEYTHOgQ&THhcÅs¹(¹JÒ&@pQ.o¤?YO�i�O7oJQq@CD6mCOMFHEAmnOMD6o:QSO7?fhJBfTqI6@nQ¦FqOgmnojTq@nhJB»Ã:½XIA@p¸RI½�O�½X@Cmnm»½XFH@�THO�@nBYi�h:Fqµ�ojmnmnU�oJQ

�dzYx�{}|�yJÅQʪà C¤Ò�ý¿C�Õ ?Y@pQq¸PE6QHQgÅTË�à ¹�h:mC@CTq@p¸PQRÒSÒBÌÎÍ«ÊªÕ THIA@nBA¼ ojD`hJEYT1ÅQË�à Ý�QqI�ÒSÒÏ��jx��fwj�}���1���\�6wd~�v��dvPx¤�d|#v!�:�gv��¤�dzYx�{}|�yc~}�6v�~({}�fvf�j|`v¤{p���d{p�P��z��R��{}|-y��6�d��{}~]{����R�{}~¦{p��|#�d~�~}�Y{}|��j{}|-y�wJ�R�dzY~X�d|#v�õ �%2l�q�6�

ǧIA@pQtFHEAmnO�E6QqOgQ�ÐtQqIAOgF�ojB�?¨Æ*hJFHFHOgojE=Ô Q�ÅSÈgÊ:ÊAÈ7ÒM?YO�i�O7oJQq@CDAmnO�@nµf¹Amn@n¸godTq@nhJB�hJ¹`OPFRodTqh:F�ŽÌtÒtojB6?�ojDYÀQSTqFRoJ¸�TRQ�hdN:OPF�THIAO�@nB6?Y@nN�@n?AE6ojm�Å�~:hJIAB`Ò�Ã$½XIA@n¸RI�QSOgOPµ�Q¤oJ¹A¹AFHhJ¹AFH@podTqOfi�h:F�THIAO�G:OPBAOgFHoJm¦QSTHojTqOPµfOgB:T¸�h:B�NJOPU:Og?�D-U�TqIAO�¹6FqO7QSOgB:T§THOPB6QqO�hji$TqIAO�EYTqTqOgFHoJB6¸�O:º

��@nµf@CmpojFHmCU:ÃY@CBÅs¹JÓ:Òc>sN:OPBÜw ¢ ~�v�x&~:hJIAB�I6oJQ�I�oJ? TqIAFHOPOfG:mno:QqQqOgQ�hji§½X@nBAOJûI6O�@nQf|#v��dv�x�~��AvP�Cv��R��oJDAmCO!THh¨QSh:mCN:O

?Y@CÄ�¸PEAmCTtµ�odTqIL¹AFHhJD6mCOgµfQgºTqI6O�¸�hJBj¾VEAB6¸�TH@Ch:B�¿qodi}THOPFRÁ¤¸PhJB-TqFH@nDAEYTqO7QXofFqOgmnojTq@nhJBcD�OPTV½¦OgOPB�TqIAO�TV½�h�¸�mpojE6QqOgQ�@CTt¸�h:BABAOg¸�THQ

w ¢ ~�v�x�Åsþ b G þ a Ò�Ãg½XIAOPFHOKþ a Õ ?YFq@nBA¼ÉÅ£¾Vh:IAB»Ã ½X@CB6O7ÒÉoJB6?mþ b Õ QqhJmnNJO-Å£¾Vh:IAB»Ã I6ojFR? ¹AFqh:DAmnOPµ�QHÒ�ÜI6ojTL¿qBAOPN:OPFqTqIAOgmCO7QqQHÁ�¸�h:B-TqFH@CDAEATqOgQtTqhcTqI6@nQ�O�·AoJµ!¹6mCO¤@nQ�o�?AO�i�Ogo:QS@nDAmnO¤FHEAmnO�THI6odT�½¦O!½X@nmCmlojG-oj@nB½XFH@�THO�@CBYi�h:Fqµ�oJmCmnU�oJQ

w ¢ ~�v�x�ÅQʪà C�Ò�ý�C�Õ ?AFq@nBA¼ÉÅQË�à ½X@nBAO7ÒqÒ7Ì�Í«ÊªÕ QqhJmnNJO:ÅTËfà I�ojFR? ¹AFHhJDAmnOPµ�QRÒSÒÏ��jx��fwj�}���1���\�6wd~�v��dvPxf�j|`v¤{p�!wJ�P�Cv!~��c�:�Lw ¢ ~�v�xf�d|`v��6w1���6wJ��~���xqvRv�yj�nw1�R�Pv��!� ¢�l{}|`v��.{}~�{p��|#�d~.���j���7{}|-yL�d{ Ð���zY��~§wj� y:v7�Pxqw��`xq�:���CvP�¤���

ÐMG-oj@nB»Ã-½¦O�I6o1NJOtoJD6QSTqFRoJ¸�THOg?fhdN:OPFlTHIAOt@nB6?Y@nN�@n?YE�ojm(Ã-o:QsTHIAOt¹AFHOgQqEA¹A¹`h:QqOg?�?YO�i�O7oJQq@CDAmnOMFHEAmnO�oJQHQqh�¸P@�ÀodTHOg?�½X@CTqI�TqIAO�¹AFHOgQqOPB-TsTHOPB6QqO�QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O�oj¹A¹`OgoJFHQsTqh¤D�O�µfhJFHOMGJOgBAOPFRojm6TqI6oJB�o�QSTHojTqOPµfOgB:T§ojD`hJEYTof¹6oJFSTH@n¸PEAmnoJF§@CB6?A@CN�@p?YE6ojm(º �s÷

r�B�THIAO.hJTqIAOgF\I6oJB6?ÉÃ7@CB�TqIAO.i�hJmnmChd½X@nBAGMOP·Aojµf¹AmnO.@nmCmnE6QSTqFRodTq@nBAG�oX¹AFHOgQqEA¹A¹`h:QqOg?�?YOPi�Ogo:[email protected]�?�o�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOMFqOgmnojTq@nhJB�oJQHQqh�¸P@nojTqO7?f½X@�THI�oJ?1¾So:¸�OgB6¸�U:ÃJ@CT�QqOPOPµ�Q¦¹�h-QqQq@nDAmCOMi�hJFsTHIAOt¹6FqO7QSEA¹6¹�h-QSO7??YOPi�OgoJQq@nDAmCO�FHEAmnO�Tqh�D`O�ojD`hJEYT�~:hJIAB�IA@nµfQqOPmCiVº

� � �ôsèg�jôVñVù1þ�ïHð(ôlð]ûdïHð=ð(û1ôlí]ôSïRè(é�ê�è]ù1ñ�û�ô.¢7ïRî��1þ£ôVè=è(ù1ñ�û�ïRèf� ��� � ïRê1÷a� ��$ � è]é�ù1ê1÷�îXé�í(ô$ê1ïHð(ù1í(ïRþ �=æ ð(ûMð(û7ôëCégñVù1è;�dïRí�ð(æ£ñVþ£ô>Þ(ô�ç�ôVê�ßMï���1þ£æ£ôV÷�ð]é�ð]û1ôsè(ù1øjé�í]÷1æ£êdïHð]ô.ñVþ�ïRù1è]ô�ò1æ£èÉð(û1ïHð�Þ(ô�ç�ôVê�ßMñVé�êPç�ô�õgè&ïRê�ô�ç�ôVê�ú�í]ôSïHð(ôVíþ£æ®��ôVþ£æ£û1éPég÷tð(û1ïHð\ð]û1ôl÷1ô�ëCôqïRè]æ£ø1þ£ôlí(ù7þ£ôSè»û1é�þ£÷7èqò1è]éeÞ(ê1ô�ç�ôVí]ð]û1ôVþ£ôVè(ègßMôVî��1ûdïRè]æ£è(ôVèÉæ ð]è=ënïRæ£þ£ù1í(ô=ð(éX÷7é§è(é��

ÎV¹

Page 26: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

Ås¹�°jÒ­~Jh:IAB�@nQM?A@nQH¸�E6QHQq@CBAGf¹`hJmn@�TH@n¸gQPº Ï�vP�1vPx�~}�6v��nv��R��ÃAIAO�@pQ�TqIA@nBA¼�@nBAG�ojD`hJEYTMI6@nQ�Ý�QqI»ºÂMOgFqO�THIAO*?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSOcFqOgmnojTq@nhJB�D`O�TV½�OPOgBªTHIAO�TV½¦h�¸�mpojE6QqOgQgÃ&Ogo:¸RI�hji�½XIA@n¸RI�?YOgBAhjTHOgQfo Qq¹`Og¸�@CÝ�¸OPN:OPB-TgÃ6@nQ

�dzYx�{}|�yJÅsþ�b G þ1aPÒ�Ã�½XIAOgFqOKþ1adÕ ?Y@pQH¸�E6QHQgÅ�¾VhJIAB=à ¹`hJmn@�TH@n¸gQHÒ»ojB6?mþ#bjÕ TqIA@nBA¼ ojD`hJEAT7Å£¾Vh:IAB»Ã Ý�QqI�ÒÅ�¯�º ß�º�r�EAF�Ñ=Ö�FHOP¹AFHOgQqOPB-TRodTq@nhJB�@pQqB»Ô TXQqEYÄ�¸�@nOPB-TqmnUfFq@p¸RI�Tqh!O�·Y¹AFHOgQHQlTHIAO�?Y@�Ø#OPFHOPB�¸�OtD`O�TV½�OPOgB Åg¹V¹JÒojB�?�Åg¹(°JÒ�º£ÒC�ÜI6odT�¿SB6OPNJOgFSTHIAOPmnOgQHQHÁ¤¸PhJB-TqFH@CD6EYTqO7Q§IAOPFHO�@nQ�THIAO�¹AFHOgQqEA¹A¹`h:QqOg?�?YO�i�O7oJQq@CDAmnO�FHEAmCO

�dzYx�{}|�yJÅQʪà þ a ÒBÌÑÍ«ÊÒ� þ bÏ��jx��fwj�}�����\�Awj~\�g�R�PzYxR���dzYx�{}|�y<ÓY�g�Y|[õ ���d{p�P�Pz��H��{}|�y��6�d��{}~({����§{p�¦|#�d~MÓY�7��|�~���{}|��j�{}|-y�wJ�R�dzY~s��{p�¨2s�q�A�

Ñ=oJGJOgFq½�OPFqi=ÅVÈ7ÊJÊJË-Ò$?Yh�OgQ&BAhJT.?Y@nQH¸�E�QqQ&IAhd½áQS¹`Og¸P@�Ý`¸§hJFlGJOgBAOPFRojm�½X@nmCm6D�O§THIAOX¹AFHOgQqEA¹A¹`h:QqOg?!?YO�Ài�Ogo:QS@nDAmnOXFqE6mCO§THI6odT.@pQso:¸P¸�h:µfµ!hY?AojTqO7?ÉÃdBAhJF.½XI6odTli�o:¸�Tqh:FHQlojØ`O7¸�TsTHIAOM¸RIAh:@n¸POJºJÍ�FHEA@ ¾�Ø�À�Í�hJFHD6o1UJhdNÔoojB�?R� OgDAD`OPFfÅ]ÎjÏ:ÏAÈ7o:Ò�ojmpQSh�¹AEAB-TthJB¨TqIAO!Û:E6OgQSTq@nhJB»Ã�½XIAOPB¨¸PhJB6Qq@n?AOPFH@CBAGfTHIAO�OPØ`O7¸�T�hjis´�BYi�h:Fqµ�odÀTq@nhJBÒ��TqFHE6¸�THEAFqOXh:Bf½XI6odTs¹AFHOgQqEA¹A¹`h:QqOg?!?YOPi�OgoJQq@[email protected]¸�@podTHOg?¤½X@�THI�¿qojmCTqI6hJEAG:I6ÁAºjÐtG:oj@nB»ÃTqI6@nQMQqOPOgµ�Q§TqhfD`O�o�THhJ¹A@p¸�i�hJF§i�EATqEAFHO�½¦h:Fq¼#º

È=±H�¬�ÑÂY®#­��O�I6o1N:O*@CB6?A@n¸godTqO7?�i�hJE6F�½§o1U�Q�@CB ½XI6@n¸RIܽ�O¨I6o1N:OLi�hJEAB6?ÜTqIAO FqOgmnojTq@nhJBÜoJQHQShY¸P@nojTqOg?á½X@CTqIâo?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJm#Tqh�@nB-TqOgFHo:¸�Tt½X@CTqI¨o�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:BO@�TqFH@nGJGJOgFqO7?�D-U�oJ?1¾So:¸�OgB6¸�U�hJFt¸PhJB�NJOgUJO7?�D�UQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHoJm»¸�h:BABAOg¸�Tq@nNJO7Q§hJF7ÃY@CBLQSh:µfO�¸goJQqOgQgÃYD�U�ojBAhJTqIAOgFXFqOgmnojTq@nhJB6oJmÉojB6oJ¹AIAhJF7Õ

È:º K QqOP¹�ojFRodTqOgmCU�QqOPFHNJO7Q§oJQXojB*oJFqG:EAµfOPB-T¦THh�D�hJTqIO@7�LojB6?"@!ÌÎAº @ � ÅQK G þ Ú Ò�@pQXojB*ojFHGJE6µ!OgB-T�hJi´@!Ì�6º @B��@pQX¹6oJFHo:QS@CTq@p¸�hJBO@!̵�º @B��@pQMof?YOPi�OgoJQq@nDAmCO�FHEAmnO�TqI6ojTM@CB6¸PhJFH¹�h:FHojTqO7Q�@!º

��O¨?Yh�BAhjT�¼�BAhd½ ½XI6O�TqI6OPFfTqI6@nQfmn@nQST�@pQfO�·YI6ojE�QVTH@CN:O�h:Ff½XIAO�THIAOPF�o�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojmojmn½§o1U�Q$D`OPI6o1N:OgQ$THIAOMQqoJµfO�½§o1U�N�@nQSÀ�odÀ�N-@pQ$hjTHIAOPFlFHOPmpodTH@Ch:B6QPºjƨhJFHOPhdNJOgFgÃ7@nB�THIAOM¹AFHhY¸�OgQHQ$hjiÉQSOPTSTH@CBAG?Yhd½XB¥THIAO�i�h:EAFf¸PoJQqOgQ�½¦Oc?Y@nQH¸�E�QqQgÃ\½�O�I6o1N:O�@p?YOPB-Tq@CÝ6O7?�QqOPNJOgFHoJms¹AFHhJDAmnOPµ�Q�TqI6ojT¤½�O�I6o1N:O�BAhjToJ?6?YFqO7QqQqOg?»Ã`h:B�½XIA@p¸RI¨i�E6FSTHIAOPF�½�hJFH¼L@nQ�BAOgOg?YO7?ɺ;�-Tq@nmnm]Ãɽ�O¤I6hJ¹`O�THI6odT�½�O¤I6o1N:O!¸PhJB�N�@CB�¸�Og?*TqIAOFHOgoJ?AOPFXhji&hJE6FMµ�oj@nBcTHIAOgQq@pQC|�TqI6ojTMD�U�FHOg¸�h:GJBA@nÙP@nBAG�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�o:?YNJOgFqD6@noJmnQ§oJQX?AhJ@nBAG�QSh:µfO�TqI6@CBAG?Y@CØ`OgFqOgB-T�i�FHhJµ Qq@nµ!¹6mCU¨Qq@CG:B6ojmnmn@CBAG�TqIAOf?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�FHOPmpodTq@nhJB�D�OPTV½¦OgOPB�oJ?1¾So:¸�OPB-T�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO¤EABA@CTHQojB�? D�U�¸PhJB6Qq@p?YOPFH@CB6GcTHIAOP@nF�¸PhJB-TqFH@CD6EYTq@nhJB�oJQ�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B6Q�@CB�TqI6OP@nF�hd½XB FH@nGJI-TgÃÉh:BAO�¸PoJB D`OPG:@CB�Tqh¸RI6oJFHo:¸�TqOgFq@pQqO�?Y@CØ`OgFqOgB:T�½§o1UYQM@nB ½XIA@p¸RI oJB6oj¹6IAhJFH@n¸�ojB6? QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFRojm&FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B6Qtµ�o1U�TqI6OPµ�QSOgmCN:OgQ@nB:THOPFRoJ¸�Tgº

h 8f¾�:»³]²V±Ã]³�½$¾-°AÕc®`Â��¬�ÑÂY®V��¯6® » ³�½7²J¯`±\®�½$¾ÙÈ�­»¬#­1Âw: ÂA¬$°¸È�¾�� Â6¬#­g³�²(½

ǧIAO�Û-EAO7QVTH@Ch:BL½¦O�¸PhJB6Qq@n?AOPFX@nBLTqIA@pQMQqOg¸�TH@Ch:BL@nQXI6hd½âTHIAO�TqFHOgojTqµfOPB-TM½�O�I6o1NJO�¹AFHOgQqOPB-THOg?�hjil?Y@pQVÀ¸�h:EAFRQSOXoJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQlojB6?fQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFRojmA¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO7Ql¸PoJB!D`OX@nB6¸�h:Fq¹`hJFRodTHOg?¤@CB-Tqh�o�G:OPBAOgFHoJmYoj¹A¹AFHh:o:¸RITqh�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B»ºAǧIAOgFqO�ojFHO�TqIAFHOPO�¹`h:QHQS@nDAmnO�½�o1UYQgº

ǧIAO�Ý6FRQVT§¹`h:QHQS@nDAmnO�½§o1U�@pQ.THh�QS@nµf¹AmCU�@CB6¸PhJFH¹�h:FHojTqO�hJEAF�TqFHOgojTqµfOPB-TXhji&oJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojmpQ¦oJB6?�¸PhJBYÀBAO7¸�Tq@nNJO7Q�@nB-Tqh�o*QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�OPÀ(mnOPN:OPmsG:FHoJµfµfoJFgûQq@nB6¸�O�QqE6¸RI¥G:FHoJµ!µ�oJFHQ�ojmnFHOgoJ?AU ¸�hdN:OPF�THIAOcQqU�B:TRod·hjiXQqOPB-TqOgB6¸�OPÀ(mnOPN:OPms¸�h:Bd¾VEAB6¸�Tq@nhJBÜÅ�D`hjTHIª¸�h�hJFR?Y@nB6odTHO�ojB6?�QSE6D�h:FH?Y@nB6ojTqO7Ò�oJB6? TqIAO�QqU�B-THod· hjiXoJ?�ÀNJOgFqD6@noJmnQ�hji§ojmnm$TVU-¹`OgQgº»Ç§IAOf¹AFHhJDAmnOPµ ½X@CTqI TqI6@nQ�@pQ�TqI6ojT�QSOgB:THOPB6¸PO�À�mCOgNJOgm$G:FHoJµfµfoJFHQ�|¨½XIAO�THIAOPF¹AIAFRoJQHojmYh:F&mCOP·�@p¸PoJmC@nÙPO7?&|�QSTqh:¹fojTlO�·Y¹Amn@n¸P@�T.QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�OPÀ(mnOPN:OPmY¸�h:Bd¾VEAB6¸�Tq@nhJB�ojB�?¤?Yh�BAhJTs¹AFHhdN-@p?YO§ojB�UµfOg¸RI6oJBA@pQSµ i�hJFli�h:Fqµf@nBAG�TqIAOMµfO7ojBA@nBAG�hji#µ�E6m�TH@�À�¸�mpojE6QHojmYE6BA@�TRQlTHI6odT.¸PFqh-QqQlQqOPB-TqOgB6¸�OPÀ(mnOPN:OPmY¹AE6B6¸�ÀTqE�odTq@nhJB=º`Æ*h:FqOghdNJOgFgÃAo:QX½¦O�I6o1NJO�oJmCFHOgo:?YUcQqOPOgB*@CB �YOg¸�TH@Ch:B¼�AÃ6TqIAO¤@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B*hjis?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO

ÎjÓ

Page 27: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

Ö�×�Ø Õ.� ÖÀÙMÚ�Û�Ü�Ý(Ö�×�Ø Â Öw×�ØLÖÀÙHÚ;Û�Ü�Ý Â ÖÀÙHÚ;Û�Ü�Ý Â�d|�~��Av!�d|#v��6wd|#� Öw×�Ø �d| ~}�6v¤�j~}�6v�x��6wd|#� Ö�×�Ø Â|`�d~§�d|���� Ö�×rØ ��zY~§wd�£�P� Ö�×rØ

ÖÀÙHÚ;Û�Ü�Ý Õ.� Ö�ÙMÚ�Û#ÜyÝ�Ú#Þ�Ý'ß à6ÛÙMÚ�Û�Ü�Ý�Ú�Þ�Ý'ß à�Û Õá� º Â Ì Â Õ Â ã ÂÀâÖ Õ.� Ölã�à�à�ä&åVÖ Â ÖlÖ Ú�æ1à�ä³åVÖ Â ÖÀÚ;æ1à�ä³åLÖlÖ Â ÖwÞ�å1ç9Ö Â

¯tk ÖwÞ�å¢ç ��k  Ö"Ö�Þ�å1çã|à�à�ä³å Õ.� wd|#�  �dx  ��zY~  �P�Ö Ú�æ1à�ä&å Õá� wj��~��A�dzJy1�  w ¢ ~�v�x  �RvH�Rwjz���v  �Rv ¢ �jxqv  ºCºnºÖwÞ�å¢ç Õá�ÃèHé å1ç  Ö6ßëê<ì�í × é å¢çèMé å¢ç Õá� {}|A��~�vRw:�  �j~}�6v�x��l{p�Pv  ¢ �dx!vq©�wd�t�`�nv  ��vRwd|6�\�Y{}�Cv  ºCºnºÖ6ßëê<ì�í × é å¢ç Õá� �Jv���~�vPxq�:wd�  ~��g�:wd�  �RzYx(�#x�{p��{}|-yJ���  �6�H�6v ¢ zY�}���  ºnºCº

IKJMLFN5O,PSîS ¨_G.'�29<7bW�"3G�*EU(-97T8"$'VG.7T<�61G+*3#&#e*3G

oJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQX¸PoJB�@nB-TqOgFHo:¸�TM½X@CTqILTqI6O�@Cµf¹Amn@p¸�@CT�FHOPmpodTq@nhJB�D`O�TV½�OPOPB¨o:?1¾SoJ¸POPB-TtQqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O7QPÃ6o:QX½�OPmnm=oJQ½X@CTqI�oJB*O�·Y¹Amn@n¸P@�THmCULQS@nGJB�ojmnmCO7?LFqOgmnojTq@nhJB»Ã6QqhfTqI�odT�o�QSU�B-THoj·�ojB�?*¸�hJµf¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B6ojm\QSOgµfoJB-Tq@p¸PQ§THI6odTQSTqhJ¹�Q¦ojT¦THIAO�QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O�½X@Cmnm#BAhjT�¹AFHhdN-@p?YOtoJmCm�TqI6O�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHOgQ�ojB6?�o:QqQqhY¸�@podTHOg?�QqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQ.BAOPO7?YOg?Tqh�D6EA@Cmp?cTqIAO�QSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFHOgQXoJB6?�@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:B6Q§hji$@CB-TqOgFqO7QVT7º

ǧIAOfQSO7¸�h:B6?*¹`h:QHQS@nDA@nmC@CTVU*@nQ�THhcI6o1N:O�o�¸�hJµf¹AmnO�THOPmnU¨?Y@CØ`OgFqOgB:T�oj¹6¹AFqh-oJ¸RILTHh�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�À�mCOgNJOgmQqU-B-TRod·¥ojB6?¥QqOPµ�ojB-TH@n¸gQ�TqI�ojB¥THh�QSOgB-TqOPB�¸�O�À�mnOPNJOgm.QqU-B-TRod·¥ojB6?¥QqOPµ�ojB-TH@n¸gQPÃ$¸�hJµ¤DA@nBA@CB6G�Å}i�h:F�O�·�Àojµf¹AmnO7Ò¤oÙ��O�Ý�BA@�THOR}¦mpojE�QSOz��FHoJµ!µ�oJF�½X@CTqI�WMIAO�THhJFH@n¸gojm��-TqFHE6¸�THEAFHOcǧIAOghJFHUJº\ß�EYT�oJQ¤½�OcojB�?hjTHIAOPFRQsI�o1NJOtoJmCFHOgo:?YU¤B6hjTqO7?ÉÃ:[email protected]Û-EA@nFHOgQs?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqOtQqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQ.FqO7oJ¸RIA@nBAG�i�EAFqTqI6OPF§ojB6?fi�E6FSTHIAOPF@nB:THh�QSOgB:THOPB6¸PO�À�mCOgNJOgm�QqU�B-THod·�oJB6?¤QqOPµ�oJB:TH@n¸gQ\Tqh�I6ojB�?YmCO�FHOPmpodTq@nhJB�Q\D`O�TV½�OPOgB¤µ�oJ@CBfojB6?�OPµ¤D�O7?A?YOg?¸�mpojE�QSO7QPÃAoJB6?�D�OPTV½¦OgOPB�OPµ�D`Og?6?YOg?L¸�mpojE�QSO7Q�TqIAOgµfQqOPmnNJO7QPÃAo:Q§@CB*>s·YoJµf¹AmCOe¹JËAºÅs¹JË:Ò�´�i¦THIAOPU#Ô FqO�?AFqEAB6¼�ojB6?�TqI6OPU#Ô FHOfµfOgojB-T�THh�D`O�hJB�¹6oJFHo:?YO�ojB6? UJh:E G:hcTHh�TqIAOg@CF�FHh�hJµ

ojB6?cTHIAOPU#Ô FqO�mnU-@nBAGf@nBLo!¹`h�hJm»hJi\¹A@pQqQgÃYTHIAOPBLUJh:EcmnhY¸R¼�TqI6OPµ E6¹ci�h:FMof?Ao1UJº� ǧI6O�´�B6?YOP¹`OPB�?YOPB-TgÃ\È�°_~JE6BAO�ÈgÊ:Ê�°$�

ǧI�[email protected]`Og¸PhJµfOgQlI�ojFR?YOPFsoJB6?fI6ojFR?YOgF&Tqh�?Y@pQVTH@CB6GJEA@pQSIfTHIAOtQH¸�h:¹�OXhJiÉ?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�À�mnOPNJOgmYQSU�B-THoj·!ojB�?QqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQ�i�FHhJµ TqI6ojTModTXTqI6O�QSOgB:THOPB6¸PO�À�mCOgNJOgm]º

ǧIAO¤TqIA@nFR?�¹`h:QHQS@nDA@nmC@CTVU*@pQtTHhcFHOg¸PhJG:BA@CÙgO�THIAOfhdNJOPFHmpoj¹A¹A@nBAG�QH¸�h:¹�OfojB�?�Qq@Cµf@nmnoJF�µfOg¸RI�ojBA@pQSµ�QojB�?�Qq@nµ!¹6mCU�OP·�TqOPB�?�o!QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�OPÀ(mnOPN:OPm#GJFRojµfµ�ojFXojB�?�@CTHQXo:QqQqhY¸�@podTqO7?�QqOPµ�ojB-TH@n¸�µfOg¸RI6oJBA@pQSµ�Q�Tqh?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOJºA´�TRQtoJ?6?Y@�TH@Ch:B6ojm=FqO7QS¹`hJB6Qq@nDA@Cmn@CTq@nOgQM½�hJE6mn?�D`O�Tqh�o:¸P¸PhJEAB-TXi�hJFMTqIAO�i�hJFHµfojTq@nhJBLhji&mpojFHGJOPFEABA@CTHQ¦hji=?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO§i�FHhJµ QSµ�oJmCmnOPFsE6BA@�TRQPÌ:TqI6Ot¹AFHhj¾VO7¸�Tq@nhJB�hJi»?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSOME6BA@�T�@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJBfhJB-TqhTqI6O @nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJBÜhJi�TqIAO mnoJFqG:OPF�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO*EAB6@�TRQ�THIAOPU�¹6oJFSTH@n¸P@C¹�odTqO�@CB»ÌXoJB6?�TqI6O�O�Ø#Og¸�T�hJi?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�EABA@CT!@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:B¥hJB¥THIAO�OgNJhJmnN�@CB6G�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�µfhY?YOgm]ºlǧIAOgFqO�oJFqO�TV½¦h�QSTVU�mCO7Q�hJiGJFRojµfµ�ojF§h:BAO�¸�hJE6mn?cE6QqO�i�h:F�TqIA@pQC|�Å�o-Ò¦o!¹AI6FHo:QSOPÀ�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHOtGJFRojµfµ�ojF�Å]kX�±��Ò�ÃY½XIA@n¸RIL@pQ§½XI6odTk&hJmpojB�U�@.oJB6?�NdojBª?YOgB�ß�OPFHGªÅVÈgÊ:ÊJÓ-Ò�E6QSO�i�hJF�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOJÃ\hJF�Å�D�Ò�o¨mCOP·�@p¸PoJmC@nÙPO7?�GJFRojµfµ�ojF�THI6odTO�·�THOPB6?AQ.Tqh¤?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO:ÃJo�QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�OPÀ(mnOPN:OPmAmnO�·Y@p¸Pojmn@nÙPOg?!G:FHoJµ!µ�oJFsQSE6¸RI�o:Q.Ç\FqOgO�À�Ðt?1¾Vh:@CB6@CBAG_��FRojµ!Àµ�ojF¥Å�~:h:QqIA@(Ã�È7ÊJË °�Ì Á Ç\Ð���À.��FHhJEA¹»ÃMÎJÏJÏAÈ1ÒfhJF¼}¦hJµ¤DA@nB6odTHhJFHU }�ojTqOPG:hJFH@noJmE��FRojµfµ�ojF�Åg}�}���ÒÅs��TqOPO7?Yµ�ojB»Ã\ÈgÊ:ÊJÓAÌF�-THOPOg?AµfoJB»Ã�ÎJÏJÏJÏJD�Ò�º

ǧIAO�mpodTqTqOgF�@pQ�½XI6ojT¤½�O�ojFHGJEAOfi�h:FgÃ\OPNJOgB�TqIAh:EAGJIªÇ$Ð��àojB6? }�}�� oJFqO�½�OgoJ¼�mCU�¸�hJB-THO�·�TSÀQqOPB6Qq@�TH@CN:O*Åg}��AÒ�oJB6?�TqIAO�¹`hd½¦OgF�BAOPO7?YOg? i�hJF�oL?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO¤G:FHoJµfµfoJF�½X@CTqI�BAh¨¸PFqh-QqQq@nBAGc?YOg¹�OgBYÀ?YOgB6¸�@nOgQ§@pQ�hJBAmnU­}�Ö Ås�YOg¸�TH@Ch:B È:ºCÈ1Ò�º6r�EAFXojFHGJE6µ!OgB-T¦@pQ§D6oJQqOg?�hJB�h:EAFX?YOgQq@nFqO�Tqh!E6QqO�o!?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOGJFRojµfµ�ojF�@CB¸¯�odTHEAFHoJmtÑ=oJBAGJE�ojGJOÙ��OgBAOPFRodTH@Ch:B�Å�¯tÑ���Ò�º§´�Tc@pQ�½�OPmnmCÀ(¼�BAhd½XBáTqI�odT�¸PhJB-TqOP·�TSÀ(i�FqOgOkX����Q!Å�}�ÖÜkX�±��QRÒMQqO�T�EA¹�o�¸�h:µf¹AmCOP·�QSO7ojFR¸RI¨QS¹�oJ¸�O�i�hJFm¯tÑ��!º#ÐÚ?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�GJFRojµfµ�ojF�QS¹`Og¸P@�À

Î(°

Page 28: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

Ý6O7?¨@nB¨TqOgFqµ�Q�hji¦¹AIAFRoJQqO�QVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FqO¤FqEAmnOgQ�QqE6¸RI�o:QMTHIAh:QqO¤QqIAhd½XB¨@nB Ö$@nGJEAFHO!Óc?Yh�OgQqB»Ô T�¹AFHhdN�@n?AOQqEYÄ�¸�@nOPB-T¦G:EA@n?6ojB6¸POM½XIAOPB�FqOgNJOPFRQqOg?¤Tqh¤E6QSO�@CB�GJOPB6OPFRodTq@nBAG�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqOJº-ÖAhJF¦O�·Aojµf¹AmnOJÃ:hJBAO�µf@CG:I:TOPB�?�EA¹cI6o1N�@CB6G�Tqh!GJE6OgQHQ.FRojB6?AhJµfmCUfIAhd½Üµ�oJB-U�QqOPB-THOPB6¸POgQ�ojB6?c¸�hJB6BAOg¸�Tq@nNJOgQ¦hJB6OtI6o:?ÉÃ�@CB�½XI6odThJFR?YOgFgÃAD`O�i�h:FqO�D�Og@CBAG�ojDAmnO�THh�Ý6mnm=THIAO�QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O7QtojB�?*¸�hJB6BAOg¸�Tq@nNJOgQt@CB*½X@CTqI ojB�U�¸PhJB-TqOgB-Tgº6Æ*h:FqOGJOgBAOPFRojmnmnUJÃ$TqFHU�@CBAG Tqh�G:OPBAOgFHojTqO�O�·AoJ¸�TqmnUªo G:@CN:OPBáQSOgµfoJB-Tq@p¸PQ!½XIAOPBÜQqOPµ�ojB-TH@n¸gQ¤E6B6?YOPFRQq¹�O7¸�@CÝ6OgQQqU-B-TRoJ¸�TH@n¸¤?YOP¹`OPB�?YOPB6¸PU¥Å�oJQ�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO¤QSOgµfoJB-Tq@p¸PQMµ¤E6QSTgÃ`hJB¨h:EAF�o:¸P¸�h:EAB-TRÒ§@pQ�¼-B6hd½XBLTqh�D`O¤@nBYÀTqFRoJ¸�THoJDAmCO�Å]Í�hJmnmCOgFsojB6?«�-THFq@nOPG:BA@CTqÙJÃJÎJÏJÏ-ÎJÒ�ºjÐtBfO�Ø#Og¸�TH@CN:OMQSh:mCEATq@nhJBf@nQlTqh�GJOgBAOPFRodTHOXQSOgµfoJB-Tq@p¸PQlojB�?QqU-B-TRod·!Qq@nµ�EAmCTHoJBAOPh:E6QSmnUJÃd½XI6@n¸RI�@pQsQSTqFRoj@nGJI-TSi�h:Fq½§ojFR?�½X@CTqI�o�mnO�·Y@n¸gojmn@CÙgOg?!GJFRojµfµ�ojFXÅg�-Tqh:BAOMO�T�ojm(ºCÃÎjÏ:ÏAÈ1Ò�º

��@nNJOPB�TqIAO�@Cµf¹`hJFqTHojB�¸�OthJi»NdojFH@Ch:E6Q&TVU�¹�O7Q.hJi»@CBAi�OPFHOPB6¸POt@nBc?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOXEAB6?YOgFHQSTHoJB6?Y@nBAG6Ã:TqIAOgFqO@pQ�o�QqOg¸PhJB6?LoJFqG:EAµfOPB-TXi�hJF�E6QS@nBAG�o�mCOP·�@p¸PoJmC@nÙPO7?*?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�G:FHoJµfµfoJFgÃY½XI6@n¸RI¨?YOgFq@nNJO7Q§i�FHhJµ TqIAOFHhJmnO�hjis@nµf¹AmC@p¸PojTqEAFHO�@nB�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOJº{��FH@n¸POgoJB*FqO7oJQqhJBA@nBAG�ojD`hJEYT�@Cµf¹Amn@p¸PodTHEAFHOgQMFHOgÛ-EA@nFHOgQMo�I6OgojFHOPFD`O�oJDAmnOtTHh¤@nBYi�OPF�THIAO�µ!O7ojBA@nBAGJi�EAmÉ[email protected]�odTXo¤Qq¹�O7oj¼:OPF.I�oJ?�@nBL¸�hJµf¹`h:Qq@CB6G¤o!QSOgB:THOPB6¸POJº�Ü@CTqI�mnO�·Y@p¸PoJmC@nÙgojTq@nhJB»Ã6TqIAO7QSO!ojmCTqOPFHB6ojTq@nNJOgQt¸PojB*D`O!GJ@nNJOPB*D�ULo�G:FHoJµ!µ�oJFgÃAoJmCmnhd½X@CB6G�TqIAO¤IAOgoJFqOgFgÃi�hJF&OP·YoJµf¹AmCO:ÃPTHh�o:QS¼�QqOPB6Qq@nDAmCO�Û-EAOgQSTq@nhJB6Q\mn@C¼:O�¿+�ÜI�U�?Y@p?�THIAO§QS¹`OgoJ¼JOPF$Qqo1UfÔ @CB�QVTHOgoJ?»Ô7I6OPFHO.@nB6QVTHOgo:?hji`BAhjTHIA@nBAG�odTlojmnmpã7Á�ojB6?!?YFRo1½ª@Cµf¹Amn@p¸PodTHEAFHOgQ\i�Fqh:µTqIA@pQgºjи}�Ö¨kX�±�!Ã1h:B�THIAO§hjTqI6OPF&I6ojB�?ÉÃdµf@CG:I:TQqEAGJG:OgQST�Û-EAOgQSTq@nhJB�Qtmn@C¼:O�¿^�ÜI-U¨?A@n?¨TqIAOfQS¹`OgoJ¼JOgF�QHo1UcTV½�hcQqOPB-THOPB6¸POgQ�FHojTqIAOgFMTqI�ojB�h:BAO�I6OPFHO7ã7ÁAýXIA@p¸RI�QqOPOgµ OPµf¹A@nFH@n¸gojmnmCU*BAhJT�THhLmCO7oJ?�TqhLojB�U*FqO7ojm&@nµ!¹6mC@p¸PojTqEAFHOgQgºlÅ(r�B TqIAO�¸�h:B-TqFRoJQST�D`O�TV½�OPOgB¸RIAh:@n¸POgQgÃj½XIA@p¸RI�QSOgOPµ+Tqh�mnOgo:?!Tqh�@nµf¹AmC@p¸PojTqEAFHOgQgÃJoJB6?fµfOPFHOtojmCTqOgFqB6ojTq@nNJOXmn@CB6GJEA@pQVTH@n¸Xi�hJFHµ�EAmpodTH@Ch:B6QPýXIA@p¸RI*?YhfBAhjTtQqOPOgµ Tqh�Ã6QSOgO�i�hJFXO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO�Å���ojmnO�ojB�?�WMOP@CTqOPF7ÃÉÈgÊ:Ê(¹AÌ�Ñ=OPN�@nB6QSh:B»Ã6ÎjÏ:ÏJÏ-Ò�º£Ò

´�B�QSOgNJOPFRojm\¹AFHOPN�@Ch:E6Q�¹6oj¹`OPFRQfÅ¥��OPDAD`OPF7ûÍ�BAhJTSTgûoJB6?Ù~:h:QqIA@(ûÎjÏJÏ6ÈJÌ5� OgDAD`OPF�O�T�oJm]ºnÃ&ÈgÊJÊ:ÊJo6Ì��OPDAD`OPF�OPT�ojm(ºCÃ.ÈgÊJÊ:ÊjD�Ò�Ã#½¦O�?YO7Qq¸PFq@nD�O7?�I6hd½ hJE6F�oj¹A¹AFHh:o:¸RI¨ÝATRQ�@nB:THh�TqIAOfi�FRojµfOP½�hJFH¼*hji§Ç=FHOPOÐt?d¾VhJ@nBA@CB6G¶��FRojµ�ojF7º=ǧIA@pQ�I�oJQ�mnOg?�THh*TqI6O�@nBA@�TH@noJm¦N:OPFRQS@nhJB�hJiXo�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�¹6oJFHQqOPFcÅ�ÖAh:FqD`OgQ�O�Tojm(ºnÃ�ÎjÏ:ÏAÈ7Ò¦@nBL½XIA@n¸RI�THIAO�QHojµfO�¹6ojFRQqOPF�TqI6ojTtDAEA@nmp?AQ§TqFHOPO7Q§i�hJFX@nB6?Y@nN�@n?AE6ojm$¸�mpojE6QqOgQ§E6Qq@nBAG�¸�mpojE6QqO�ÀmnOPNJOgm`ÑYÇ$Ð��4THFqOgOgQgÃJTHIAOPB�¸�hJµ¤[email protected]µ E6Qq@CBAG!?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSOPÀ(mnOPN:OPm`ÑYÇ\Ð��¶THFqOgOgQgº-ÂtOPFHOt½�O�Qq@Cµf¹AmnUhJEATqmn@CBAO�THIAO§GJFRojµfµ�ojF7Ã7¸gojmnmCO7?a��ÑYÇ\Ð�� Ås��O7¸�TH@Ch:Baµ�ºCÈ1Ò�ÃdojB6?�TqI6OPBfQSIAhd½�IAhd½ª@CTlQqEA¹A¹`hJFqTHQ\THIAOXoj¹YÀ¹AFHh:o:¸RI�TqhfQVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FHoJm`oJB6?�ojB�oj¹AIAh:Fq@p¸t?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqOt¸PhJBABAO7¸�TH@CN:OgQ¦¹AFqO7QSOgB-TqOg?�OgojFHmn@COgF�Åg��Og¸�Tq@nhJBÒµ�º Î:Ò�º

Å(rti`¸�hJE6FHQqOJÃghJBAO�QVTH@Cmnm�BAOPO7?AQ\Tqh�o:¸P¸PhJEAB-T=i�h:F\I6hd½ªQS¹`OgoJ¼JOPFRQ»FHOgoJmC@pQqOlTqIAOg@CF&@nB-TqOPB-TH@Ch:B6Q»THIAFHhJEAG:ITqOP·�T.ojB6?!IAhd½ª½XI�odTs@pQloJ¸RIA@nOPN:Og?�THIAFHhJEAG:I!o�Qq@CBAG:mCO§EAB6@�TshJi�THO�·�Ts¸�hJB-THFq@nDAEYTHOgQ$Tqh�½XI�odTso�QS¹`OgoJ¼JOPFIAh:¹�O7Q�THh oJ¸RI6@COgNJO�THIAFqh:EAGJI�ojB�U mpojFHGJOgF�EABA@CTf@�Tf@nQ¤OPµ¤D�O7?A?YO7?ª@nB»º$k.FqOgmC@nµf@CB�ojFHU�o:¸P¸�h:EAB-THQ¤ojFHOGJ@nNJOgB�@nB4Åg��Fqh-QSÙ�ojB6? ��@p?YBAOPF7ÃXÈgÊ:ÊJÏ6Ì\Æ*h-QSOgF!oJB6?�Æ*h�h:FqO:Ã�È7ÊJÊ:Ó:Ò�º&ÂMhd½�OPN:OPF7Ã=G:@CN:OPBªTHIAOL¸�hJµ!À¹AmnO�·�FqOgmnojTq@nhJB�D`O�TV½�OPOgBc@nB6?Y@nN�@n?AE6ojm»QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O7Q§ojB6?�QS¹`OgoJ¼JOgF�@nB-TqOgB:TH@Ch:B6QgÃY@�TX@pQ§EABAmn@C¼:OPmnU�TqI6ojT§TqIAOFHOPmpodTq@nhJB�D`O�TV½�OPOPB�µ¤EAm�TH@�À�QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO!oJB6?�QS¹`OgoJ¼JOgF�@nB-TqOgB:TH@Ch:B6Q�¸gojB�D�O�µfhY?YOgmCmnOg?�@nB�oQSTqFRoj@nGJI-TSi�h:Fq½§ojFR?�½�o1U�QS@nµf@CmpojF¤Tqh TqI6OcD6o:QS@p¸PoJmCmnU�µ!h:BAhjTHhJBA@p¸�¸PhJµf¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B6ojm�¹AFHh�¸POgQHQ�THI6odTf½¦OI6o1N:O�?A@nQH¸�E6QHQqOg?c@CB�TqI6@nQX¹�oj¹`OPF§i�hJFM?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�QSOgµfoJB-Tq@p¸PQgº Ò

h�Æ�ºR» 8 i ¿VÕ Â6¬\° » ³�½7²J¯`±=®`½$¾ÙÈ|­»¬#­$Âw:Ð�mnO�·Y@n¸gojmn@CÙgOg?!Ç\Ð�� D�OgGJ@nB6Q&½X@CTqI!TqIAO§BAhJTq@nhJB!hji#o�mnO�·Y@p¸PoJm=wd|`�R�A�jx�Ãj½XIA@p¸RI!¸gojB!I6o1NJO�hJB6O�h:F&µ!h:FqOoJQHQqh�¸P@nojTqO7?fTqFHOPO�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFHOgQgº�ÖAhJF�O�·AoJµ!¹6mCO:ÃJTHIAO�N:OPFHD¨��{C�:v���ojB6¸RIAh:FHQ.hJBAOtTqFHOPO�¸�hJFHFHOgQq¹�h:B6?Y@nBAG�TqhÓY�g�Y|Ü��{C�Jv��LwR�J�#�Cv���Ã.oJBAhjTHIAOPFf¸�h:FqFHOgQq¹`hJB6?Y@nBAGLTHh�THIAO�THhJ¹A@p¸PoJmC@nÙPO7? Ì��J�`�nv��lÓ��7��|���{C�:v���Ãso¨TqIA@nFH?¸�h:FqFHOgQq¹`hJB6?Y@nBAG�Tqh!TqIAO�¹6o:QqQq@nNJOe̦�J�#�Cv���wjxqv���{C�JvR���P�VÓY�g�Y|6ÃAojB�?�hjTHIAOPFRQ§oJQ§½�OPmnm]ºYǧI6ojTX@nQgÃ�TqIAOgFqO@pQ�o�THFqOgO¤i�h:F�OgoJ¸RI µf@CBA@nµ�ojmsQqU�B:TRoJ¸�Tq@p¸¤¸PhJB6QSTqFHE6¸�TH@Ch:B�@nB ½XI6@n¸RIá��{C�:v���¸gojB�oj¹A¹`OgoJFgÃ#ojmnmsQqI6ojFH@CB6GTqI6O�QHojµfOs¹AFHOg?A@n¸godTqOPÀ�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-T=QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFqO:ºgǧIA@pQ$QSU�B-THo:¸�Tq@p¸$´jQSOgµ�ojB-Tq@p¸&OPB6¸goj¹6QqEAmpodTH@Ch:B�@nQ\¹�h-QqQq@nDAmCOD`Og¸PoJE6QqO�hji=THIAO�O�·�THOPB6?YO7?L?YhJµ�oj@nB�hji&mChY¸PoJmC@CTVU�hJi$ÑYÇ$Ð��!º

Ð mnO�·Y@n¸gojmn@CÙgOg?�Ç\Ð�� ¸�h:B:TRoj@nB6Q�TV½�h�¼�@nB6?AQ�hJi�vP�CvP�fvP|6~�wdx��¤TqFHOPO7QPÕl{}|�{}~]{�wj�#TqFHOPOgQ�THI6odT�FHO�Þ�Og¸�TD6o:QS@p¸�i�E6B6¸�THhJFqÀ�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-T!?YOg¹�OgB6?YOgB6¸�@nOgQfojB�?¶wdzJ©:{}��{�wjx���THFqOgOgQ¤TqI6ojT!@nB-TqFHhY?YE6¸�O�FHOg¸�E6FHQq@Ch:B�ojB�?ojmnmnhd½àOgmCOgµfOPB-THoJFqU�TqFHOPO7Q�THh�D`O�µfhY?Y@�Ý�Og?âoJB6?{´dhJF�OgmnoJD�h:FHojTqOg?»º¦KMB6mC@n¼JO�TqIAO ½X@n?YO�NdojFH@COPTVU�hJiTqFHOPO7Q�BAOgOg?YO7?ÜodT�THIAO�¸�mpojE�QSO*mnOPN:OPm(Ã.½�O*I6o1NJOLi�h:EAB6?áTqI�odT�OP·-THOPB6?A@CBAGªoªmCOP·�@p¸PoJmC@nÙPO7?�Ç\Ð�� Tqh?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�hJB6mCU¥FHOgÛ-EA@nFqO7Q�o�i�OP½ OgmCOgµfOPB-THoJFqU�TqFHOPO�QVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FqO7QPÃ$¹�h-QqQq@nDAmCU¥D`Og¸gojE6QqOc¸PmnoJE6QqO�À�mCOgNJOPmQqU-B-TRod·�OP·�¹6mCh:@�TRQXQVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFRojmÉNdoJFq@podTH@Ch:Bc@nBc½§o1UYQ¦TqI6ojTt?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�?Yh�OgQqB»Ô Tgº

ÎjË

Page 29: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

Dc

DcDcsubconj

(a)

Dc

Dc Dcsubconj

(b)

α:subconj_mid α: subconj_pre

IKJMLFN5O,P"ïÔg0(-®).-h*32�)TG.<H<7�o¥*3r�DFq[W�"3GC*>7T'�DF"3G+U(-90 *,).<C8"10rð�'(0�8H).-9"10{\�ñRòK7�)+*10�U(7�W�"3G<ó�UV-/7T8H"$'(G.7T<�8H2h*3'�7T<�ôV@�õË-90 U(-98�*,).<7K*7T'�D(7�).-®).'().-9"$0i7T-®).<$@(nK]�-929<9óg7T'(DF8"$0�ð�ô&7�)+*10�U(7bW�"3GK).]�<�%�*3GT).-98'�2/*,GC7T'(DF"1G+U(-90�*3).<�8"10rð�'(0�8H).-9"10c).] *,)*10(8^]("1G.7K).]�<C)TG.<H<$\

ÎjÊ

Page 30: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

Dc

On theone hand

On theother

Dc Dc

α:contrast

IKJMLFN5O,PSö¦X0a-90�-®).-/*12{)TG.<H<�W�"1Gf%�*3G+*12929<2�8H"$0�7�)TG.'(8H).-9"$0(7\�÷�](-/7f% *,GT).-98'�2/*3Gf"10�<�-97bW�"1GC*E8"10`)TG+*17�).-9Õ�<�8"10�7�)TG.'�8^).-/"10*10(8^]("1G.<�UaDAdUós"$0c).](<�"$0(<�] *10�U;ôE*10 U�óg"$0a).]�<�"3).]�<HGf] *30 U¢ô(\

h�Æ�º5Æ�º «�¬\³�­g³s±à i ®`¾�¾ ½���ÑYÇ\Ð�� I6oJQ�@nBA@CTq@pojm#TqFHOPO7QXoJQHQShY¸P@nojTqOg?�½X@�THI�QqEAD`hJFR?Y@CB�odTqO�¸PhJBd¾VEAB�¸�Tq@nhJB�QPýX@CTqI�¹�ojFRojmnmCOgm\¸�h:B6QSTqFHE6¸�TH@Ch:B6QPÃ�ojB6?*½X@CTqI�QSh:µfO�¸�h�hJFR?Y@nB6odTHO�¸�h:Bd¾VE6¸�Tq@nhJB6Qgº���O!?AOgQH¸�FH@CD`O�Ogo:¸RI*@CBTqE6FqB»º

´�BLTqI6O�mnoJFqG:O�ÑYÇ\Ð��Ú?YOgNJOPmnhJ¹`Og?LD�U�TqIAO Á Ç\Ð��+¹AFHhj¾VO7¸�T�Å Á Ç$Ð���ÀT��FHhJEA¹=Ã`ÎjÏ:ÏAÈ1Ò�ÃAQqEAD�h:FH?A@�ÀB6ojTqO�¸PmnoJE6QSO7QXojFHO�QSOgOPB*oJQ¤wJ�]_�zY|#��~]��Tqh�QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O7QXhJFMN:OPFHDc¹6IAFHo:QSO7QX|c@(º O:ºCÃ6o:QMojEA·�@nmn@noJFqU�THFqOgOgQC|D`Og¸PoJE6QqOfTqIAOgU ojFHO!hJEYTRQS@p?YOfTqI6O�?YhJµ�oj@nB�hji§mChY¸PoJmC@CTVU¨hJi¦THIAO�NJOgFqD»ºÉ´�Bk��ÑYÇ\Ð��!Ã=IAhd½¦OgNJOgFgÃ#@CT�@nQ¹AFHOg?Y@p¸PojTqO7Q¦h:Bc¸PmnoJE6QqoJmÉojFHGJEAµfOPB-TRQ�Å]QSE6¸RILoJQ§¸Ph-h:FH?A@CB6ojTqO�ojB6?�QSE6D�h:FH?Y@nB6ojTqO�¸�hJBj¾VEAB6¸�TH@Ch:B6QRÒlTHI6odT?YOPÝ6BAO�TqIAO*?Yh:µ�oj@nB�hji�mChY¸PoJmC@CTVUJºlǧI�E6QgÃlodTfTqIA@pQ!mCOgNJOgm]Ã$TqI6OgQqO�¹6FqO7?Y@n¸godTHOgQ!ojB6¸RIAh:Fc{}|�{}~]{�wj�X~]xHvHv��@nB:THh�½XIA@p¸RI�¸�mpojE6QqOgQsQqEAD6QSTq@CTqEATqOto:QsojFHGJEAµfOgB:TRQPºjÖ$@nGJEAFHOË°�QqIAhd½MQ$TqI6OM@CB6@�TH@noJmATqFHOPO7Q&i�hJF.¹�h-QVTH¹�h-QSO7?QqEAD�h:FH?A@CB6ojTqO�¸�mpojE6QqOgQ�Å]o:Ò�ojB6?�¹AFHOP¹`h:QqOg?�QqEAD`hJFR?Y@nB6odTHO�¸PmnoJE6QSO7Q�Å�D�Ò�º � � Ð�TXD`hjTHIcmnOgo1N:OgQ�ojB6?�Fqh�hjT@pQMo*�d{p�P�R�dzYxR�Pvf���Cwjz��Pv�Å��7øRÒf|co!¸PmnoJE6QqO�h:FXo�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFHO�¸�h:µ!¹`h:QqOg?chji&?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�¸PmnoJE6QSO7QPº

r�BAO¤FqO7oJQqhJBLi�hJF�THoJ¼�@CBAG�QSh:µfO�TqI6@CBAG�TqhcD�OfojB¨@nBA@CTq@pojm$TqFHOPO¤@nQtTqI�odT�@�TRQtmnhY¸Pojm&?YOg¹�OgB6?YOPB�¸�@nOgQ¸PoJB¤D`OXQVTHFqOPTH¸RIAO7?�mnhJBAGJÀ�?A@nQSTHoJB6¸�O:º1Ð�T&THIAOXQSOgB:THOPB6¸PO�À�mCOgNJOgm]ÃgTqIAOX?YOg¹�OgB6?YOgB6¸�U¤D�OPTV½¦OgOPB�wR�J�#�Cv��lojB�?��{C�:v���@nBÜwR�J�#�Cv��VÓY�g�Y|���{C�:v���@pQ�mChY¸PoJmC@nÙPO7?�@nB¥ojmnm&TqIAOfTHFqOgOgQ�i�h:F!��{C�Jv���º\ǧIA@pQ�?YOP¹`OPB�?YOPB6¸PU ¸gojB�D�OQSTqFHO�TH¸RI6Og?!mCh:BAGjÀ�?Y@pQVTRojB6¸POJÃjo:Q&@CBÒ̦�:�`�Cv��R�[�M{}�}��~���{}|Y�1�(ÓY�g�Y|c��wd����{C�JvPºJ´�B�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqOJÃjo:Q&½¦OXBAhJTqO7?@nBR�YOg¸�TH@Ch:B�ÈJÃYmnh�¸gojm»?YOg¹�OgB6?YOgB6¸�@nOgQM¸gojB�D�O�QSTqFHO�TR¸RIAOg?cmnhJBAGJÀ�?Y@pQSTHojB�¸�O�oJQ§½�OPmnm5|�oJQ§@nBÅs¹JÊ:Ò oAºXÐMmCTqIAh:EAGJIR~:hJIAB�@pQ§GJOPB6OPFHhJE6QgÃ�IAOJÔ QXI6oJFH?�Tqh!Ý6B6?»º

D»ºMÐMmCTqIAh:EAGJI«~:hJIAB!@pQlGJOgBAOPFHhJE6Q;|�i�hJF.O�·Aojµf¹AmnOJÃdIAOXG:@CN:OgQ&µfhJB6OPU�THh�ojB�UJh:BAO¦½XI6h�oJQq¼�QIA@nµ i�hJFX@CT�|�IAOJÔ QXI6oJFH?�Tqh!Ý6B�?ɺ

Å�Ó:Ï:Ò oAºtr�B�THIAO�hJB6O�I�ojB6?ÉÃ{~Jh:IABc@pQXG:OPBAOgFqh:E6QPº6r�BcTqIAO�hJTqIAOgFXI6ojB�?ÉÃAIAO:Ô Q§I6oJFH?�TqhfÝ�B6?ɺD»º�r�BLTqIAO¤hJBAO¤I6ojB�?ÉÃ{~:hJIAB*@pQ�GJOPB6OPFHhJE6Qgº6ÖAh:FtOP·YoJµf¹AmCO:Ã�QqEA¹A¹`h:QqO�U:hJELBAOPO7?YOg?�QSh:µ!OµfhJBAOgU`Õ5Êsh:E»Ô ?�hJBAmnU*I6o1N:O�TqhLoJQq¼LIA@nµ i�hJF�@�T7º\r�B¨THIAO¤hJTqIAOgF�I6ojB6?»Ã`I6OJÔ Q�I�ojFR?*TqhÝ6B6?ɺ

ǧI�E6Q«��ÑYÇ\Ð�� ojmpQSh�¸�hJB-TRoj@nB6Q!@CBA@CTq@pojm§THFqOgOgQ¤i�hJFf¹6oJFHoJmCmnOPm§¸�h:B6QSTqFHE6¸�TH@Ch:B6Q¤o:Q!@CBÅ�Ó:Ï:Ò�ºK��E�¸RIáoJB@nBA@�TH@noJmÉTqFHOPO�@pQMQqIAhd½XBc@nBLÖ\@nGJE6FqO�ËAºAÑ=@C¼:O�QSh:µ!O�@nBA@CTq@pojmÉTHFqOgOgQ§@nB Á Ç\Ð�� Å Á Ç\Ð���À.��FHhJEA¹»Ã6ÎJÏJÏ6È7Ò�ÃQqE6¸RI*TqFHOPO7Q�¸gojB¨I�o1NJO�o��Awj{}xMhji¦oJB6¸RIAh:FHQgº{��@nB6¸�O¤TqI6OPFHO¤ojFHO�?Y@CØ#OPFHOPB-T�½§o1UYQM@nB�½XIA@p¸RI�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOEABA@CTHQ§¸gojB�D`O�¹6ojFRojmnmCOgm]Ã:½¦O�oJQHQSE6µ!O�o�?Y@CØ#OPFHOPB-T�@nBA@CTq@pojm`TqFHOPOti�hJF��R�d|6~(xqwd�R~&Å�¿qhJB�THIAO�hJBAO�I6ojB6?6ÁAºnºCº¿Sh:B¥TqI6O�hjTHIAOPFLÅ�I�ojB6?6ÒSÁAºnºCº£Ò�ÃX�d{p�³_�zY|#��~({��d|�Å�¿qOP@CTqIAOgFHÁ6ºCºnº�¿qhJFRÁAºnºCº£Ò�Ã�wJ�J�j{}~]{��j|ÜÅ�¿SB6hjT¤h:BAmnU�Á6ºCºnºt¿qDAEYTojmpQqh:ÁAºnºnº Ò�ÃAojB6?��R�d|`�Rv��R�R{��j|�Å�¿HoJ?Yµf@CTSTHOg?YmnUYÁAºnºCºl¿qDAEYTHÁ6ºCºnº£Ò�º

Ö$@CB�ojmnmCU:Ã�TqI6OPFHO¦ojFHOl@nBA@�TH@noJmJTHFqOgOgQ»i�hJF\QSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFRojm-¸�hJB6BAOg¸�Tq@nNJOgQ»D�OPTV½¦OgOPB�o:?1¾SoJ¸POPB-T\QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O7QÉhJF¸�mpojE�QSO7Q&TqI6ojT.¸�h:B-N:OPU�o�¹�ojFqTq@p¸�EAmpojFlFHOPmpodTH@Ch:B¤D`O�TV½�OPOgB¤THIAOt¸PhJBABAO7¸�THOg?!EABA@CTHQgº�r�BAOM¸PmCO7ojFlOP·YoJµf¹AmCO@pQ¤¿HQSh-ÁAÃJ¸PhJB�NJOgU�@CBAG�xqv���zY��~(ºJ´�TRQ.@nBA@CTq@pojm`TqFHOPO�@nQ�QqIAhd½XB�@CBcÖ\@nGJE6FqO�ÊAº�� O�½X@Cmnm#I6o1NJOto�D�OPTSTHOPF§QSOgB6QSO

� $ cû1æ£þ£ôlæ£ê�ïRê�ôSïRí(þ£æ£ôVí��dï�jôVíf�/�ôSø7øJôVí$ïRê1÷�º�é�è(û1æpò � ����� � ò`�#ô&÷1æ£è(ñVù1è]è\í]ôSïRè(é�ê1è»ëné�íÉð(ï�gæ£ê7ú�ð(û7ô.þ£ôT¢gæ£ñSïRþïRê1ñ(û1é�í(è\éRëYð(û1ôlæ£ê7æ ð(æ�ïRþJð(í]ôSôVè=æ£êB¯Aæ£ú�ù1í]ôSè = ïRê7÷m�¦ð]é§øjô&ënôSïHð]ù1í(ôlè�ð(í]ù1ñ�ð(ù7í(ôVèqò1ëCé�þ£þ£é^�=æ£ê1ú.ð(û7ô¦ïRê1ïRþ õ7è]æ£è=æ£ê�M�&ê1éRð�ðqò � ��� $�ù �&ê7éRð]ð$ïRê1÷7�ôVþ£þ£æ£è]û-ò � ��� $ � òjû1ôVí(ô��#ô|�]ù1è�ðÉð�ï��ôlð]û1ôVîáð]é§øjôlèg�jôVñSæ ¡1ñlþ£ô.¢gæ£ñSïRþ�æ ð]ôSîXè+�

�JÏ

Page 31: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

Dc

DcDc

α:so

soIKJMLFN5O,PSúÔg0(-®).-h*32{)TG.<<�WM"1Gf8"`"3G+U(-90 *,).<>8H"$0rðg'�0(8H).-9"$0jós7T"�ô(\

�AÈ

Page 32: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

Dc

Dc Dc

∗ .

Dc

Dc Dc

∗ and ∗

S

Sthen

(a) (b) (c)

β: punct1 β: andβ: then

IKJMLFN5O,PRQ1û¦X'VZV-/29-/*3GTd_)TG.<<7bWM"1GfD *37T-/8�<2/*3DF"1G+*3).-9"10{\�÷�](<7T<�% *,GT).-/8H'�2/*3GK)TG.<<7f*,G.<Ë*30�8+]�"3G.<�UaD`dÒo¥*�q�).]�<%�'(0�8H).'�*3).-9"$0a#e*3G.l,ó^\ ôe*30 U­opD qBó�*30 U;ôV\�÷�](<�7�dV#EDF"$2 ü>-90�U(-98�*3).<H7f).](<nýì�ì1ê�xFì�þ`u�"1W[).](<�*1'VZV-/29-/*3GTd)TG.<<$@VnK]�-98+]c]�*17�).]�<X7.*1#&<�2/*3DF<25*37b-®).7�G."`"1)�\{op8,q�¦X'VZ(-929-/*3GTd&)TG.<<XW�"1GK).](<�U(-97T8"1'(G.7T<�*1U(Õ�<HG.D(-/*12%ós).](<0�ôV\

hji�½XI6odT�hJTqIAOgF�¸PhJBAB6Og¸�TH@CN:OgQ�TqhcTqFHOgojT�o:Q�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFRojmlo:Q�o�FHOgQqEAmCT�hJi�ojB6BAhjTRodTq@nhJB�O�Ø#hJFqTHQ�hji.TqIAOQqhJFqTX?AOgQH¸�FH@CD`Og?�@nB�Å�}¦FqO7QS½�OPmnmÉO�TtoJm]ºnÃ6ÎjÏ:Ï:ÎJÒ�º/� -

h�Æ�º5Æ�ï ¿�±H:»³�Ã]³�ÂY®#­ i ®`¾ ¾ ½k��ÑYÇ$Ð��4E6QqOgQ¦ojEY·Y@nmC@pojFHU�THFqOgOgQs@nB�TV½�h�½�o1UYQgÕ6Å�o-Ò&i�h:F¦?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOXEABA@CTHQTqI�odT�¸PhJB-Tq@nB�EAO¨oª?YO7Qq¸PFq@n¹YTH@Ch:BÜ@CB QqhJµfO¨½§o1U#Ì.ojB6?�Å�D�Òfi�h:F�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO¨oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJmnQgºsÐMG-oj@nBܽ¦O?YO7Qq¸PFq@nD�O�O7oJ¸RI�@CBcTqE6FqB»º

Ö$@CFRQSTgÃYojEY·Y@nmC@pojFHU¤TqFHOPOgQ�ojB�¸RIAhJFHOg?fD�U�¹AEAB�¸�TqE�odTq@nhJB�Å�O:º G�ºj�6v�x�{��7�dÃ$�H�j�¤��wdÃ`�PvP�¤{}�S�R�d�n�d|6ÃYOPTH¸Jº ÒÅ�Ö$@nGJEAFHOfÈgÏ:o:Ò.hJF§D�U*��{}�M�#�Cv¤�R�7�dxq�j{}|`wj~]{��j|¨Å�Ö$@CG:EAFHO!È7ÏjD�Ò¦ojFHO�E6QSO7?�THhf¹AFqhdN�@p?YO�i�EAFSTHIAOPFX?YO7Qq¸PFq@n¹YÀTq@nhJBáhji�o Qq@�THE6odTH@Ch:B�h:F!hJithJB6Och:F!µfh:FqO�OPB-Tq@CTq@nOgQLÅ�hJDY¾VO7¸�THQgÃ&OPN:OPB-THQgÃlQS@CTqE6ojTq@nhJB6QgÃlQVTRodTHOgQgÃ$OPTH¸Jº Ò½X@CTqIA@nB�THIAO*QS@CTqE�odTq@nhJB � > ǧIAOLoJ?A?Y@CTq@nhJB�ojm§@CBAi�hJFHµfojTq@nhJBª@pQf¸�h:B-N:OPU:Og?¥D�U�TqI6O�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqOc¸PmnoJE6QSOTqI�odT�Ý6mnmpQ�@�TRQ�QSE6D6QVTH@�THEYTq@nhJBªQq@CTqOJº���E6¸RI�ojEY·Y@nmC@pojFHU*TqFHOPO7Q�ojFHOfE6QSO7?�@nB�TqIAOc?YOPFH@CNdojTq@nhJB�hji�Qq@nµ!¹6mCO?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOgQXQqE6¸RI�o:QPÕÅ�ÓVµ-ÒcoAº�~:hJI6Bc½�OPB-T§Tqh!TqI6O�ÙPh�h6º

D»º6ÂtO�Tqh�hJ¼�I6@nQM¸POPmnmɹAIAh:BAO�½X@�THILIA@CµLºÖ$@CG:EAFHO!È:È�QSIAhd½MQ�THIAOe��ÑYÇ\Ð��Ú?YOgFq@nNdodTq@nhJB�hjil>l·AoJµ!¹6mCO�ÓAµ�ÃAQVTRojFqTq@nBAG!i�Fqh:µ ÑYÇ$Ð��+?AOPFH@CNdodÀ

Tq@nhJB�Q¦hJi»TqI6O�@nB6?Y@nN�@n?YE�ojmÉQSOgB-TqOPB�¸�OgQgºh�QdXÇ=h�TqIAO�mCOPi}TXhji»THIAO�oJFqFHhd½Å�*�Ò¦oJFqOMTqIAO�OPmnOPµfOPB-TRojFHU¤THFqOgOgQTqh�D`O*¸�hJµ¤DA@nBAOg?ÉÕlÇ�ÈLQVTRojB6?6Q�i�h:F!TqIAO*ÑYÇ$Ð��àTqFHOPOci�hJF�¸�mpojE�QSOLÓAµ-oAÃ&ÇMÎ*i�h:Ff¸PmnoJE6QqO�ÓVµJD»ÃlojB�?ÿ Õ �`zY|#��~��dÃJi�hJFlTHIAOtojEA·�@nmn@noJFqU�THFqOgOMoJQHQShY¸godTqO7?�½X@CTqI!THIAOXi�EAmnm�QSTqh:¹foji}TqOgFtÅ�ÓVµ:o:Ò�ºj´�B!TqIAO�?YOPFH@CNdojTq@nhJB»ÃTqI6O�i�h�hJT�BAhY?YO�hJi ÿ Õ �`zY|`�P~���@nQ§oJ?d¾VhJ@nBAOg?�Tqh¤TqIAO�FHh-hJT¦hJi$Ç�È�ojB6?�@�TRQ�QqEAD6QSTq@CTqEATq@nhJBLQS@CTqO�Ý6mnmCO7?�D�UÇMÎYÃ1FHOgQqEAmCTq@nBAGt@nB�THIAO.THFqOgO.THhMTHIAO§Fq@nGJI-T\hJiÀ* º-Å]ÐáQSTHoJB6?AoJFH?�½§o1U�hji6@nB6?Y@p¸PojTq@nBAG�Ç$Ð�� �:v�x�{}�dwd~({��d|6�@pQMQSI6hd½XBcEAB�?YOPFB* ÃY½XIAOgFqO�?Ao:QSI6Og?cmC@nBAOgQM@CB6?A@n¸godTqO�o:?1¾VEAB6¸�Tq@nhJB»Ã6oJB6?LQSh:mC@p?cmC@nBAOgQgÃ6QqEAD6QSTq@CTqEYTH@Ch:B»º

� = ¯dé�í=ôT¢1ïRî��1þ£ô�ò7é�ê1ôlîXæ£ú�ûPð=ïRþ£è]é§ûdïVç�ôlæ£ê1æ ð(æ�ïRþJð(í]ôVôSè»ëCé�í%�C�����,���sù1è]ôSè»éRë�Þ�ïRê1÷�ßMïRê7÷«Þ(é�ígß1ògð(û1ïHð$ûdïVç�ô.ïès�JôVñVæ ¡dñsîXôSïRê1æ£ê1ú¦øJô�õ�é�ê1÷�è(æ£î��1þ£ô\ñSé�ê'�]ù1ê7ñVð]æ£é�ê�é�í=÷1æ£è)��ù1ê1ñ�ð]æ£é�ê�ïRè»æ£ê� $ �^� ï$�C³»û1í]é^�¨ïRê7éRð(û1ôVí\èg�1æ ð»ødïRþ£þ5�,�A�&õ�é�ù(� þ£þ-í(ôVú�í]ôVð=æ ð+�

ø���ö`ïHð»õ�é�ù1í\ès�1æ£êdïRñ�ûa���#õ�é�ùË�Éé�ê(� ð\ú�ô�ð\÷1ôVè(è]ôSí�ð^�³»û1ôVè(ôs÷1æ âJôVíÉëní]é�î�ð]û1ôlîXé�í]ô$ëní]ô.¤gù1ôVê�ðqò1è(æ£î��1þ£ô\ñSéPé�í(÷7æ£êdïHð(ôsù1è]ôVè=éRë�Þ�ïRê1÷$ßMïRê1÷«Þ(é�ísߧæ£êtð]ûdïHð=ð(û7ôlè(ôVñVé�ê1÷ñVé�ê���ù1ê1ñ�ð\æ£ê�ð]û1ôVè(ôlîMïRíg��ôV÷tñSïRè(ôVè$øjôSïRí(è=ï�÷1æ£è]ñVé�ù1í(è]ôlí(ôVþ�ïHð(æ£é�êtð(é¦ð(û1ô�¡1í(è]ð=ñVé�ê���ù1ê1ñ�ðf�s���^�g�$� ��æ£ê�øjéRð]ûc� $ � ï �ïRê1÷_� $ � ø �s� �A�æ ð]û�è]æ£î��1þ£ô$ñVéPé�í(÷1æ£êdïHð]ôsù1è(ôVè=éRë�Þ�ïRê1÷�ßMïRê1÷iÞ(é�ígß1òjïRþ£þ:ñVé�ê��]ù7ê1ñ�ð(èf�n÷1æ£è4�]ù7ê1ñ�ð(è � øjôSïRí»ð(û1ôsè(ïRîXôí]ôSþ�ïHð]æ£é�ê�ð]é�ð]û1ôsè�ïRîXô\æ£îXîXôS÷7æ�ïHð(ôVþ õXþ£ô�ë�ðs��ïR÷'�(ïRñVôVêPð\÷1æ£è]ñSé�ù7í(è(ôlù7ê1æ ð^��¯dé�í\ôT¢7ïRî��1þ£ô�ò7æ£ê_� $ ü � òdôSïRñ�û�ñVé�ê���ù1ê1ñ�ð\æ£èï�è]ô.�dïRí�ïHð]ô��]»½¼A� �,�A���&^h���Xëné�í»ê1éRð»ð]í(ù1è�ð(æ£ê7ú®º�é�û1ê-ò��=û1æ£þ£ô&æ£ê_� $�Ý � òdôSïRñ�û�÷7æ£è)��ù1ê1ñ�ð=ñSé�ê�ç�ô�õ7è$ïRê�ïRþ ð]ôVí(êdïHð]æ ç�ôí]ôSè]ù1þ ð=éRë6º�é�û1ê�� è=ú�égéP÷�ëCé�í]ð]ù1ê1ô��

� $ ü � ��é�ù�è]û1é�ù1þ£÷1ê(� ð=ð]í(ù7è]ðHº�é�û1ê��A�=ôlê1ô�ç�ôSí=í(ô�ð]ù1í(ê7è;�=ûdïHð=û1ôløjé�í(í]é^�=èqò����A�lû1ôlødïR÷$�}îXé�ùgð(û1è=û1æ£è=ïRè(è]égñVæ�ïHð]ôVèøjôVû1æ£ê1÷tð(û7ôSæ£í=ødïRñ��Pè^�� $�Ý � º�é�û1ê��]ù7è]ð��Éé�ê�ð]û1ôsþ£éRð�ð(ôVí]õ,�V£Pé§û1ô��=æ£þ£þ(¤Pù1æ ð=û1æ£è���é�ø-òF���Éû1ô��=æ£þ£þ:ïHð\þ£ôSïRè�ð\è�ð(é��Ë�Éé�íg�Pæ£ê1ú�éSç�ôVí]ð]æ£îXô,�¯dé�í=è(æ£î��1þ£ô\ñVégé�í]÷1æ£êdïHð]ô.ù7è(ôVè»éRë�Þ�ïRê7÷�ßMïRê1÷«Þ(é�ísß1ò$�Éôlû1ïSç�ô.ïRù$¢gæ£þ£æ�ïRí]õXð]í(ôVôVèf��£gôVñ�ð(æ£é�êm��� � � ü � �� �C³»û1ôlþ�ïHð�ð(ôVí»ù1è]ô&éRë6ïRê�ïRù1¢7æ£þ£æ�ïRí�õ§ð(í]ôVôlæ£èÉí(ôVþ�ïHð(ôV÷Mð(éE�3����^h�A���`�[�p�]¼1^M�X�½[$��^h��^/���&æ£ê_��£gñ�û1ï§ïRê1÷tÿ6é�þ�ïRê�õgæpò � ����� �ïRê1÷a�^�`�&^/�����][���^/�`�#æ£êe���&ê7éRð]ð\ô�ð&ïRþ��£ò7ü���� �^� �� �X�ôsñVé�îXîXôSê�ð»é�ê�þ£ô�ë�ðs�nð(é�}í]æ£ú�ûPð»æ£ê7ñSí]ôVîXôSê�ð(ïRþ-ñVé�ê1è]ð]í(ù7ñVð]æ£é�ê�éRë6å��1³F�� �è]ð]í(ù1ñ�ð]ù1í(ôVè=æ£êË�dïRí(ïRþ£þ£ôVþ(�=æ ð(ûè]ôSê�ð]ôSê7ñSôT�}þ£ô�ç�ôVþ±�$³F��  è�ð(í]ù1ñ�ð(ù1í]ôVè$ïHð»ð]û1ôsôSê7÷�éRë{£gôVñ�ð(æ£é�êE��� ü$�

�:Î

Page 33: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

β: punct1

β: punct13

τ2

* .

T1

T2T1 T2

.

τ10

IKJMLFN5O,PRQ Q÷�¦� U(<HG.-9Õ1*3).-9"$0c"1W�Y[Z(*1#&%�29<�?�

�V�

Page 34: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

>.o:¸RI�mn@CBAO�@pQ�mnoJD�OgmCmnOg?�½X@�THI�TqI6O�o:?A?YFHOgQHQshJi»TqIAO�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-T�ojT�½XIA@p¸RI�THIAO�hJ¹`OPFRodTq@nhJB�h�¸g¸�EAFRQgº �ÉÈ@pQ§TqIAO�?AOPFH@CNdodTH@Ch:B�THFqOgO�i�hJFMÇ�ÈJÃAoJB6?��6ÎYÃYTHIAO�?YOgFq@nNdodTq@nhJBcTqFHOPO�i�h:FMÇMÎYº£Ò

ǧIAOLhjTHIAOPF�oJEY·Y@Cmn@pojFHU THFqOgOgQfE6QqOg?�@nB�THIAO*mCOP·Y@n¸gojmn@nQqOg?�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�GJFRojµfµ�ojFfojFHO�THIAh:QqO�i�hJF?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojmpQgÃ:½XIA@p¸RILojFHO�Qq@Cµf¹AmnU�oJEY·Y@Cmn@noJFqU!THFqOgOgQ§@nB�o!QSOgB-TqOPB�¸�O�À�mnOPNJOgmÉÑYÇ\Ð�� Å Á Ç$Ð���À��FHhJEA¹»Ã�ÎjÏJÏ6È7Ò�Ã$D6EYT�½X@CTqIÜojB�@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJB�TqI6ojT�¹AFHhj¾VOg¸�THQfEA¹áTHh�TqIAO¨?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqOLmCOgNJOPm(ºsÐMBO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO @nQ�QSI6hd½XBÜ@CB4Ö\@nGJE6FqOªÈ7ÏJ¸Jº¦Ðt?d¾VhJ@nBA@CB6G�QqE6¸RIâojB¶oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJmXTqháo�¸PmnoJE6QqoJmp´jQSOgB-TqOPB-TH@noJmQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFqO¤¸�hJB-THFq@nDAEYTHOgQXTHh�IAhd½@nBYi�hJFHµ�odTq@nhJB*¸PhJB�NJOgUJOg?�D�UcTqI6ojT�QVTHFqE�¸�TqE6FqO�FHOPmpodTHOgQ§THh�THIAO�¹AFHO�ÀN�@Ch:E6QX?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOJº

ǧIAOgFqOL@pQ�QSh:µ!OLmnO�·Y@p¸PojmMoJµ�DA@nGJE6@�TVUª@nBáTqIA@pQ�G:FHoJµ!µ�oJFgÃ$DAEYT�BAh¥µfh:FqOcTqI6oJBÜQSOgFq@nhJE6Qf¸PhJBYÀQq@n?YOgFHojTq@nhJBáhji�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojmpQ!oJB6?á¸�hJBj¾VEAB6¸�TH@Ch:B6Q�?YOgµ�ojB6?AQgºsÖ$@CFRQSTgÃ.o:Q�ojmnFqO7oJ?YU¥BAhJTqO7?ÉÃ.?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOoJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojmpQ�I6o1NJOfhjTHIAOPF�E�QSO7Q�TqI6ojT�µfo1U�BAhjT�D`O�ojB6oJ¹AIAhJFH@p¸cÅ]Ó(¹jojÀ(D`Ò�oJB6? µfo1U�BAhjT�D`O�¸�mpojE6QHojmÅ�Ó�¹jojÀ�¸7Ò�ÕÅ�Ó�¹JÒcoAº�~:hJI6B�ojTqO�ojBLoj¹A¹6mCO�{}|6�R~�vRwJ��hJi$of¹`OgojF7º

D»º{ô�|��R�d|�~]xqwd��~ɽX@�THIR�YEAOJÃ6Ö6FqO7?�½§oJQ�TH@CFHOg?»º¸jº6Æ�ojFHU�½�o:Q��d~��AvPx��l{p��vMhY¸P¸�E6¹A@CO7?ɺ

��O7¸�hJB�?YmCU:Ã�µfoJB�U¤hJi»TqIAO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojmpQli�hJE6B6?�@nBcQqOg¸�h:B6?�¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B�@nB�¹6ojFRojmnmnOPm�¸PhJB6QSTqFHE6¸�Tq@nhJB6Q�Å�O:º G�ºCÿSh:B�THIAO�hjTHIAOPF�I�ojB6?AÁ6ÃM¿qojT�TqIAO�QHojµfO!Tq@nµfOgÁAÃt¿SBAOgNJOPFqTqI6OPmnOgQHQqÁ-ÒM¸PoJB¥ojmpQShLQSOgFqN:O!o:Q�QS@nµf¹AmnO�oJ?�ÀNJOgFqD6@noJm�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOL¸PhJBAB6Og¸�TH@CN:OgQ�hJB�TqI6OP@nF�hd½XB»º¦´�B�TqIAO�Ý6FHQSTc¸goJQqOJÃlTHIAOPU�½X@nmCm�D�O hJBAO¨hJi�TqIAOTV½�h�ojB6¸RI6hJFRQXhji.oJB*@CBA@CTq@pojm\TqFHOPOcÅ�Ö$@CG:EAFHO�Ë:Ò�Ã�½XIA@nmnO�@nB*TqIAO!QSO7¸�h:B6?ÉÃATHIAOPU�½X@nmCm&ojB6¸RI6hJFto�Qq@nµ!¹6mCOojEA·�@nmn@noJFqU�THFqOgO�Å�Ö$@CG:EAFHO�È7ÏJ¸7Ò�ºdǧIAOgQqOXmnO�·Y@n¸gojmYojµ¤DA@nGJEA@CTq@nOgQl¸PhJFHFqOgmnojTqO�½X@�THIfQSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFRojmYojµ¤DA@nGJEA@CTVUJº

h�Æ�ï Z¤:�Â6�kÄ�Ãs¾ » ¾-®d³¥À±ÂA­g³�¯`¬�½´�T¦QqIAhJE6mn?!D`OM¸�mnOgojFlD�U¤BAhd½ªTHI6odT.h:EAFsoj¹6¹AFqh-oJ¸RI!oj@nµfQlTqh�O�·Y¹Ampoj@nBf?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSOXQqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQs@CB!TqOgFqµ�Qhjiso!¹AFHhY?YE6¸�T�hji$TqIAO�QHojµfO�TqI6FqOgO�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTq@nNJO�µfOg¸RI6oJBA@nQqµ�Q�TqI6ojTthJ¹`OPFRodTHO�½X@�THIA@CB¨¸PmnoJE6QqO�À�mCOgNJOPmQqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQgÕ

k ¸�h:µ!¹`h:Qq@CTq@nhJB6oJmÉFqEAmnOgQ§h:B�QqU�B-THoJ¸�Tq@p¸�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFHO�Å�IAOgFqO:Ã6?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHO7Òk ojB6oJ¹AIAh:F�FHOgQqhJmnEYTH@Ch:Bk @CBAi�OPFHOPB6¸PO�TqFH@CG:GJOPFHOg?�D�U�oJ?1¾So:¸�OgB6¸�U�oJB6?�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFRojm»¸PhJBAB6Og¸�TH@Ch:B»º

ÖAh:F�TqIAO�¸PhJµf¹�h-QS@CTq@nhJB�ojm&¹6ojFqT�hji�QqOPµ�oJB:TH@n¸gQ�@CB���ÑYÇ$Ð�� Å�@nB ¹6oJFSTH@n¸PEAmpojF7Ã#¸PhJµf¹AEYTH@CB6G�@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�ÀTHojTq@nhJB6Q!h:B�?YOPFH@nN1ojTq@nhJB¥THFqOgOgQRÒ�Ã$½¦O�i�hJmnmChd½ ~:h:QqIA@�ojB6?k��@ ¾So1U-À.��I6oJBA¼JOgFcÅ]ÎJÏJÏ6È7Ò�º$WXhJE6GJIAmnUJÃ\TqIAOgU¸�h:µf¹AEYTqO�@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJB6Q¦hJB�TqIAO�?YOgFq@nNdodTq@nhJB�TqFHOPOtD�U�o�D�hJTSTqh:µ!À(EA¹c¹AFHh�¸POg?YE6FqO:º-Ð�T§Ogo:¸RI�mCOgNJOgm]Ãi�EAB6¸�Tq@nhJBYÀ�oj¹6¹AmC@p¸PojTq@nhJB�@nQ�E6QqOg?�TqhfoJQHQqOPµ�D6mCO�TqIAO�@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJB�hji=THIAO�TqFHOPO�i�Fqh:µ TqI6O�@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�ÀTHojTq@nhJB¥hJi§@CTHQ¤FHh-hJT�BAhY?YO�oJB6?�@�TRQ�QqEADYTHFqOgOgQgº;�ÜIAOgFqO�µ¤EAmCTq@n¹AmCO�QSE6DYTqFHOPO7Q�I6o1NJOfi�E6B6¸�TH@Ch:B¥TVU�¹�O7QPÃTqI6O�@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJB�¹AFHh�¸POg?YE6FqO�@pQ�¹`hjTqOgB-Tq@pojmnmCU�BAhJB�?YO�THOPFHµ!@nBA@pQVTH@n¸JÕ=ǧIAO�FHOgQqEAmCTq@nBAG¨ojµ¤DA@nGJEA@CTq@nOgQ@nBª@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJB�µfo1U�D`O�oJ?Yµf@CTSTHOg?¥oJQ�GJOPB�EA@nBAO:Ã=hJF�TqIAOgU µ�o1U�D`O�OgmC@nµf@CB6ojTqO7?�D-U�oLmnO�·Y@n¸gojmQq¹�O7¸�@CÝ�¸PojTq@nhJB»º»Æ*E6m�TH@�À�¸�h:µ!¹`hJB6OPB-T�Ç\Ð�� TqFHOPO�À�QqO�THQ�ojFHO!E6QSO7?¨THhc¹6FqhdN�@p?YO!oJB oJ¹A¹AFHhJ¹AFH@nojTqO!¸�hJµ!À¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B6ojmlTHFqO7odTHµ!OgB-T�i�hJF�Û-E6oJB-Tq@CÝ6OPFRQPÃ=½XIA@n¸RI�½�O�D�h:FqFHhd½ i�h:F�@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nBAGÜ¿Vi�h:F�O�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7ÁÅ�>s·Aojµf¹AmnOgQXÓJÓ:¸�À�?6Ò�º

��OcQqIAhd½ IAOPFHO�FRodTHIAOPF�@nBYi�h:Fqµ�ojmnmnU�I6hd½ ��ÑYÇ$Ð�� ojB6?ªoJBª@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nNJO�¹AFHhY¸�O7QqQ�hJB¥@CTHQ?YOgFq@nNdodTq@nhJB�QfhJ¹`OPFRodTqO:º�� O*QSTHojFqT�½X@�THI�¹6FqOgN-@nhJE�Q¤OP·Aojµf¹AmnOgQLÅ¥µ(µ-Ò�Å�IAOgFqO*Ó:ÓJ¸gÒ¤ojB�?¶Å�µ °jÒ�Å�IAOPFHOJÃÓJÓ:?6Ò§ojB�?�TV½�h�QSh:µ!Og½XI6odTMQq@Cµf¹AmnOPFXNdoJFq@pojB-THQ�Å]ÓJÓJojÀ(D`Ò�ÕÅ�Ó:Ó:Ò oAºCÊshJE*QqIAhJEAmp?YB»Ô T§TqFHE6QST>~Jh:IABcD`Og¸gojE6QqO�IAO�BAOgNJOPFXFHO�THEAFHB6Q�½XI6odTMIAO�D`hJFHFHhd½MQPº

D»º�ÊshJE*QqIAhJEAmp?YB»Ô T§TqFHE6QST>~Jh:IAB»ºAÂMO�B6OPNJOgFXFqOPTqEAFHB6Q§½XI6ojTXIAO�D�h:FqFHhd½MQgº¸Jº�ÊshJE�QSI6hJEAmp?YB»Ô T�TqFHE6QST«~:hJI6B�D`Og¸gojE6QqOJÃ&i�h:F!OP·Aojµf¹AmnOJÃlIAOLBAOgNJOPF�FHO�THEAFHB6Q!½XI6odT�IAOD�h:FqFHhd½MQgº

?ɺ�ÊshJE*QqIAhJEAmp?YB»Ô T§TqFHE6QST>~Jh:IAB»ºAÖAh:FXO�·Aojµf¹AmnOJÃYI6O�BAOPN:OPFXFHO�TqE6FqB6Q§½XI�odTXIAO�D`hJFHFqhd½MQgº

�Aµ

Page 35: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

α:because_mid

α:because_mid31

T2

T1

τ1 τ2becausebecause

T1 T2IKJMLFN5O,PRQV¬§�<HG.-9Õ1*3).-9"$0c"1W;Y[Z�*3#&%�29<�?1?$*V\�÷�]�<�UV<HG.-9Õ$*,).-/"10a)TG.<<�-97K7T]�"�nK0iDF<H2/"�nÑ).]�<�*,GTG."�n�@F*10�Ua).]�<�U(<HG.-9Õ�<�U)TG.<<$@()."E-®).7KG.-/61]`)�\5opBX"AU(<�2/*1DF<H2/7f§ ò ] *�Õ�<�DF<H<0i"$#&-®)T).<�UeW�"3GX7T-9#&%(2/-98-®)sd`\ q

β: punct1

β: punct1*

T2 . .

T1

T1 T23

τ2

τ10

IKJMLFN5O,PRQVͧ�<HG.-9Õ1*3).-9"$0c"1W;Y[Z�*3#&%�29<�?1?1D

ǧIA@pQ&½X@CmnmYojmnmChd½�E6Q\Tqh�QSIAhd½�IAhd½ Å�Ó:ÓJodÀ�D�Ò\ojB6?cÅ�Ó:ÓJ¸�À�?6Ò=FqO7¸�Og@CN:O¦Qq@Cµf@nmnoJF\@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJB�QPÃ1?YOgQq¹A@CTqOI6o1N�@nBAG¨QSh:µfOP½XI6ojT�?A@�Ø#OPFHOPB-T¤?YOgFq@nNdodTH@Ch:B6QPÃ\ojB6?�IAhd½ TqIAO�?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojm�¿Vi�h:F�O�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7Á¸�h:B-TqFH@CDAEATqOgQ§D`hjTHI*QSU�B-THo:¸�Tq@p¸PoJmCmnU�oJB6?cQqOPµ�oJB:TH@n¸gojmnmCU�Tqh!TqIAh-QSO�@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:B6QPº

��OcmnO�T���È�QSTHoJB6?¥i�h:F!TqIAOLÑYÇ\Ð�� ¹6ojFRQqO�TqFHOPOci�hJF�¿SU:hJE�QqIAh:EAmn?AB»Ô T!TqFHE6QSTi~:hJI6B6ÁAÃ��ÉÈJÃ&@CTHQ?YOgFq@nNdodTq@nhJB�THFqOgOJÃ6oJB6?�@CB-TqOgFq¹\Å���È1Ò�Ã�TqI6O�OPNJOgB-TqE6oJmC@CTVUco:QqQqhY¸�@podTqO7?�½X@CTqI*@CTHQX@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:B»º���@nµ!@CÀmpojFHmCU:Ã6½�O�mCOPT���ÎfQSTHojB�?�i�h:FMTHIAO�ÑYÇ$Ð�� ¹�ojFRQSO�THFqOgO�i�hJF�¿qIAO�BAOgNJOPFtFqOPTqEAFHB6QX½XI6ojTtIAO�D`hJFHFHhd½MQqÁ6Ã�6ÎYÃ�@CTHQ¦?YOPFH@CNdojTq@nhJBfTqFHOPO:Ã-oJB6?�@nB-TqOPFH¹=Å���ÎJÒ�ÃdTqIAO�OPN:OPB-TqE6oJmC@CTVUfoJQHQShY¸�@podTHOg?!½X@CTqI�@CTHQ¦@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJB»º

>l·AoJµ!¹6mCO�Ó:ÓJo*@nB�NJh:mCN:OgQ�oJBª@CB6@�TH@noJm¦THFqOgO ÅT�.Õ}�RvH�Rwjz���vP���!{��PÒ¤ojB6¸RIAh:FqO7?�D�U4¿qD�O7¸PoJE6QSO7ÁªÅ�Ö$@nGjÀEAFHOfÈ7ÎJÒ�º�´�THQX?YOgFq@nNJO7?�TqFHOPO�¸�h:µfOgQ¦i�Fqh:µ���È�QSEAD�QVTH@�THEYTq@nBAG�odT§TqI6O�mnO�i}TqÀ(I�ojB6?�QSE6D6QVTH@�THEYTq@nhJBLQq@�THO�hJi�¦Õp�RvR�Rwdz��Pv����!{��LÅ�@nB6?YOP·ªÈ7Ò�ojB�?���Î�odT�@�TRQ�FH@nGJI-TSÀ�I6ojB�?¨QSE6D6QVTH@�THEYTq@nhJB�Qq@�THOLÅ�@CB�?YO�·Ù�-Ò�º;}¦hJµf¹`h:Qq@�ÀTq@nhJB�ojmj@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJB�hJi:THIAOsFHOgQqEAm�TH@CB6GM?YOPFH@CNdojTq@nhJB�TqFHOPOlU�@COgmn?6Q¦vH©��#�Cwd|#wd~({��d|`Å�@nB:THOPFH¹=Å���ÎJÒ�à @nB:THOPFH¹=Å���È7ÒSÒ�ºÅ�Ð�µfhJFHO.¹AFHOg¸P@nQqOs@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJB�½�hJE6mn?�?A@nQSTq@nBAGJE6@nQqI�D`O�TV½�OPOgB�TqIAO�?Y@nFqO7¸�T$oJB6?�Og¹A@pQVTHOPµf@n¸¦¸PoJE6QqoJm�À@CTVUcQqOPB6QqOgQ§hJi�¿SD`Og¸gojE6QqOgÁ6ÃYDAEYTXTHIAO�?YOPFH@nN1ojTq@nhJB�½¦h:EAmp?�¹AFHhY¸�OgOg?c@CB�TqI6O�QqoJµ!O�½§o1UJº£Ò

´�B*¸�h:B:THFHo:QVT§½X@CTqIªÅ�Ó:ÓJo-Ò�ÃA>l·AoJµ!¹6mCO�ÓJÓJDcOgµf¹AmChdUYQXoJB�oJEY·Y@Cmn@noJFqU�TqFHOPO�Å ÿ Õ �`zY|#��~��PÒMojB6¸RIAh:FqO7?D�U�i�EAmnm�À�QSTqhJ¹ ¿Pº Á¤Å]Ö$@CG:EAFqO�È1�-Ò�º1´�THQl?AOPFH@CN:Og?�THFqOgO�¸PhJµfOgQ\i�FHhJµ���ÎtQSE6D6QVTH@�THEYTq@nBAG�odT&THIAO§Fq@nGJI-TSÀ�I6oJB6?QqEAD6QSTq@CTqEYTH@Ch:B¤Qq@�THO�Å�@nB6?YOP·_�:Ò»hji ÿ Õ �`zY|#��~��dÃ1ojB6? ÿ Õ �#zY|`�P~��¦oJ?d¾VhJ@nBA@CB6GtodT\TqIAO�Fqh�hJT=hji���È�Å�@nB6?YO�·�Ï-Ò�º}¦hJµf¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B6ojm\@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJB*hji&THIAO¤?YOgFq@nNdodTH@Ch:BLTqFHOPO�U�@nOPmp?AQMµfOPFHOPmnUcTqI6ojT���Îf¸PhJB-Tq@nB�EAOgQMTqIAO?YO7Qq¸PFq@n¹YTq@nhJB�hji#TqIAO�QS@CTqE�odTq@nhJBcoJQHQShY¸�@podTHOg?!½X@CTqI���ÈC|f@]º OJºnÃÉv��Cw:�R�dxqwj~]{��j|�Å�@nB-TqOgFq¹=Å���ÎJÒ�à @nB-TqOgFq¹=Å���È7ÒqÒ�ºÖAE6FSTHIAOPF§@nBYi�OPFHOPB6¸POMTHFq@nGJG:OPFHOg?fD�U�oJ?1¾So:¸�OPB�¸�U�ojB6?�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFRojm`¸�h:BABAOg¸�Tq@nhJB�mnOgo:?AQ.Tqh¤o¤¸�h:B6¸�mnE6Qq@Ch:Bhji$¸PojE�QqoJmC@CTVUfD�OPTV½¦OgOPB�THIAOPµ |f@(º O:ºCûvH©��`�Cwj|`wd~({��d|`Å�@nB-TqOPFH¹=Å���ÎJÒ�à @nB-TqOPFH¹=Å���È7ÒqÒ�Ã-DAEYT§TqIA@pQ§¸�h:B6¸�mnE6Qq@Ch:B@pQM?YO�i�O7oJQq@CD6mCO�D`Og¸PoJE6QqO�@CT�¸gojB�D�O�?YOgBA@nOg?�½X@�THIAhJEATto!¸PhJB-TqFRoJ?A@n¸�Tq@nhJB«|�O:º G�ºÅ�Ó °jÒ�ÊshJE�QqIAhJEAmp?YB»Ô TlTqFHE6QSTf~Jh:IAB»ºjÂtOXBAOPN:OPFlFHO�TqE6FqB6Q$½XI6ojTsIAOXD`hJFHFqhd½MQgºdߦEAT$THI6odT7Ô QsBAhjTs½XI�U

UJh:E�QqIAhJE6mn?YB=Ô TXTHFqE6QSTMIA@nµLº>l·AoJµ!¹6mCO�ÓJÓ:¸�?Y@�Ø#OPFRQ§i�FHhJµ Å�ÓJÓ:o:Ò¦@nB¨¸�hJB-TRoj@nBA@CB6G�¿Si�hJFXOP·YoJµf¹AmCO7Á!@CBL@CTHQtQqOg¸PhJB6?�¸�mpojE�QSO:ºAÐtQ

BAhJTqOg? OgoJFqmn@nOPF7æ¿Si�hJF�O�·Aojµf¹AmnOgÁcFqO7QSOgµ�DAmnOgQ�o�Û:E�ojB-Tq@CÝ6OPF�½X@CTqI�FqO7QS¹`Og¸�T�THh�@CTHQ�QqOPµ�ojB-TH@n¸gQPÃÉoJQ�@CTHQ@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJB*TRoj¼:OgQ�½X@n?YOgF�Qq¸PhJ¹`O�TqI�ojB�½�hJE6mn?�D�O!O�·Y¹Ampoj@nBAOg?�D�U�@CTHQ�QqU�B:TRoJ¸�Tq@p¸�¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B»º�� OI6oJB6?YmnOfTqIA@pQ�@nB THIAO�QqoJµfO!½§o1U*THI6odT�Û-E6ojB-TH@�Ý6OgFHQ�oJFqOfI6oJB6?YmnOg? @CBÜÅs~Jh-QSIA@soJB6? �t@ ¾So1U:À.��I6oJBA¼JOgFgÃÎjÏ:ÏAÈ1Ò�ÃYD�U�oJQHQqh�¸P@nojTq@nBAGf½X@�THI�¿Vi�hJFXOP·Aojµf¹AmnOgÁfo¤TV½¦hJÀ(OgmCOgµ!OgB-TXÇ$Ð�� TqFHOPO�À�QqO�T�Å�Ö$@nGJEAFHOfÈ3µ-Ò�º6ß�hjTHITqFHOPO7Qf@CB�TqI6OLTqFHOPO�À�QqO�Tf¹6ojFqTq@p¸�@n¹6odTHOL@CB�TqIAO*?YOgFq@nNdodTH@Ch:B»Õ&TqIAO*oJEY·Y@Cmn@noJFqU�THFqOgO ÿ Õ ¢ �jx vH©��co:?1¾VhJ@nB6QodT!TqI6O�FHh-hJT¤hJi���ÎYÃ\½XIA@CmnO�THIAOLojEY·Y@nmC@pojFHU¨THFqOgO ÿ Õ ¢ �dx vq© �LoJ?1¾Vh:@CB6Q¤odT¤TqIAO�Fqh�hJT¤hjiXTHIAO�I6@CG:IAOPF?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�EABA@CTgºf�Y@CB6¸POc½�OcQHo1½ i�FHhJµ >l·AoJµ!¹6mCO�ÓJÓJo*TqI6ojT¤THIAOc@nB-TqOgFq¹AFHO�TRodTH@Ch:BªhjiMTHIA@pQ¤I6@CG:IAOPF?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO¤EAB6@�T�@pQ�vq©��#�Cwd|#wd~({��d|�Å�@CB-THOPFH¹=Å���Î:Ò�à @CB-THOPFH¹=Å���È1ÒSÒ�Ã�THIAOf@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJB o:QqQqhY¸�@podTHOg?¨½X@CTqI

�(¹

Page 36: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

DD *

cD{ cc

}for-ex2

β: for-ex1

0

3

β:τ10

because_mid

τ2

α:

1

T2

T1

β: for-ex1

because_midα:T1

T2 because

β: for-ex2

because

for example∗

for example

IKJMLFN5O,PRQ`Ó§�<HG.-9Õ1*3).-9"$0c"1W;Y[Z�*3#&%�29<�?1?18

�JÓ

Page 37: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

DD

* ..

D* }{ for-ex1

β: for-ex2

0

punct1

τ23

0

β:

τ1

β:

0

T1

T2

β: for-ex2

β:

punct1

for example

T2

T1

for example ∗

for-ex1β:

IKJMLFN5O,PRQVã§�<HG.-9Õ1*3).-9"$0c"1W;Y[Z�*3#&%�29<�?1?$U

TqI6O�oJ?1¾Vh:@CBAO7? ÿ Õ ¢ �jx vH© ��BAhY?YO�D�hJTqILOPµ¤D�O7?AQMojB�?coJD6QVTHFHo:¸�TRQ�TqIA@pQ§@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJB»ÃYU�@nOPmp?Y@CB6Gvq©�vP�M�#��{ 2¦�Rwj~]{��j|�Å�@nB-TqOgFq¹=Å���ÎJÒ�à ? Á º=vq©��#�Cwd|#wd~({��d|�Å Á à @CB-THOPFH¹=Å���È1ÒSÒ

ǧI6ojT�@pQPÃF~:hJIAB=Ô Q.BAOPN:OPF�FqOPTqEAFHBA@nBAG�½XI6ojT¦IAO�D`hJFHFqhd½MQ.@nQ¦hJBAO�@CB�QVTRojB6¸PO�hJi=o¤QqO�T�hji=OP·�¹6mnoJB6odTH@Ch:B6QPº��@nµf@CmpojFHmCU:ÃÉ>l·Aojµf¹AmnO!Ó:ÓJ?¨?A@�Ø#OPF�i�FHhJµ Å]ÓJÓjD`ÒM@nB�¸PhJB-THoJ@CB6@CBAGá¿Vi�h:F�OP·Aojµf¹AmnOgÁc@CB�@�TRQ�QSO7¸�hJB�?

QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�O:ºjÐtQ&@nB!>s·YoJµf¹AmCO§ÓJÓJD»ÃjojB¤@CBAi�OPFHFqO7?�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B�@pQ=THFq@nGJG:OPFHOg?�D�OPTV½¦OgOPB¤TqIAO§@nB:THOPFH¹AFHO�THojTq@nhJB6Qhji���Î�oJB6?���È:Ã:B�ojµfOPmnU�vq©��#�Cwd|#wd~({��d|�Å�@CB-THOPFH¹=Å���Î:Ò�à @CB-THOPFH¹=Å���È1ÒSÒ�º�ǧI6OPB»ÃYoJQ§o¤FqO7QSE6m�T�hji ÿ Õ ¢ �jx vq©��oJ?d¾VhJ@nBA@CB6G odT���Î*oJB6? ÿ Õ ¢ �dx vq© �LoJ?1¾Vh:@CBA@nBAG�odT�THIAO�FHh�hjT!hjiXTqI6OcIA@nGJI6OPFf?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�E6BA@�T7Ã�¿Vi�hJFO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7Á!oJG:oJ@CBL¸�h:B:THFq@nDAEYTHOgQ¦TqI6O�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B

vq©�vP�M�#��{ 2¦�Rwj~]{��j|�Å�@nB-TqOgFq¹=Å���ÎJÒ�à ? Á º=vq©��#�Cwd|#wd~({��d|�Å Á à @CB-THOPFH¹=Å���È1ÒSÒǧI�E6Q§Å�Ó:ÓJ¸gÒ=ojB6?�Å�ÓJÓ:?6Ò=hJBAmnU�?Y@�Ø#OPF&@nB�THIAO�?AOPFH@CNdodTH@Ch:B�hjiYTHIAO�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B�TqI�odT�¿Vi�hJF$O�·AoJµ!¹6mCO7ÁTqI6OPB¨ojD�QVTHFHo:¸�THQ�hdN:OPF7º

ǧIAO�BAOP·�T§OP·Aojµf¹AmnO�½¦O�½X@nmCm»½§ojmn¼fTqI6Fqh:EAGJI�@nQt>l·Aojµf¹AmnO¤È:È�Å�GJ@nNJOgBcI6OPFHO�o:QX>l·Aojµf¹AmnO�ÓJË-Ò�ºÅ�Ó:Ë:Ò­~Jh:IAB�mnhdNJOgQ.ß�oJFqh:mCh�º(��h�I6OthJFR?YOgFqO7?�THIAFHOPOt¸goJQqOgQlhJiÉTqIAO¤Ô Ê °�ºJß�EYT�IAOtI6o:?!Tqh�¸gojB6¸POPm6TqIAO

hJFR?YOPFXD`Og¸gojE6QqOf~}�6v�|fIAO�?A@nQH¸�hdN:OPFHOg?�I6O�½§oJQ§D6Fqh:¼JOJºÐtQ$QqIAhd½XB�@CB�Ö$@nGJEAFHOMÈ7ÓAÃ�THIA@nQ\O�·AoJµ!¹6mCOs@nB�NJh:mCN:OgQ`TV½�hM@CB6@�TH@noJmJTHFqOgOgQsÅT�.ÕC�P�dÃ��.Õ}�RvR�Hwjz��Pv �!{��PÒÉi�hJF=TqIAOQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHoJmA¸�h:BABAOg¸�Tq@nNJO7Q�¿qQqh:Á�ojB6?�¿SD`Og¸gojE6QqOgÁ6ÌdojBfojEY·Y@nmC@pojFHU�TqFHOPO�i�h:F&TqIAOMQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFRojmA¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO¿SD6EYTHÁ*Å ÿ Õp�PzY~}Ò�Ã6Qq@CB�¸�O*¿SD6EYTHÁ¤i�EAB6¸�Tq@nhJB6QtoJQMofQq@Cµf¹AmnO�¸�h:Bd¾VEAB6¸�Tq@nhJB�Tqh�¸PhJB-Tq@nB�EAO�TqIAO�?YO7Qq¸PFq@n¹YTH@Ch:Bhji¦TqIAO�Qq@�THE6odTH@Ch:B E6B6?YOPF�?Y@pQH¸�E6QHQS@nhJB=Ì#oJB oJEY·Y@Cmn@noJFqULTHFqOgO�Å ÿ Õn~}�6v�|�Ò�i�hJF�TqIAO�?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO¤o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojm¿VTHIAOPB�ÁAÌ�oJB6?L@nBA@�TH@noJm»THFqOgOgQ§i�h:FMTqI6O�i�hJEAF�@CB�?Y@CN�@p?YE6oJm\¸�mpojE�QSO7Q ��È�À���µ�º�Ð�Qt¸gojBLD�O!QSOgOPBLi�FHhJµ TqIAO?YOgFq@nNdodTq@nhJB¤TqFHOPO:Ã!��ȧojB6?"��Î�QSEAD�QVTH@�THEYTqOX@nB-Tqh��.ÕC�P�§oJQ&@CTHQ$Ý6FRQSTloJB6?�TqIA@nFH?foJFqG:EAµfOPB-THQgÃdojB6? ÿ Õ}��zY~FHh-hJTSÀ�oJ?1¾Vh:@CB�QsTHh¤THIAO�FqO7QSE6m�T7º�ǧI6O�QqEAD6QSTq@CTqEATq@nhJBLojFHGJEAµfOPB-T�hji ÿ Õp�PzY~#@nQ�Ý6mnmnOg?�D�UL�¦Õ}�HvR�Rwdz��Pv �!{��dýX@CTqI#�>�XoJB6?$��µMQqEAD6QSTq@CTqEYTHOg?�@CB�o:Q»@CTHQÉÝ�FHQST\ojB�?�TqIA@nFH?�ojFHGJEAµfOPB-TRQPÃPoJB6? ÿ Õn~}�6v�|�@nQ=Fqh�hJTSÀ�oJ?1¾Vh:@CBAO7?Tqh%�>µ6ºdǧIAO§@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJBf¸�hJB-THFq@nDAEYTHOg?¤D-U�¿VTqI6OPB6Á6Ãjodi}TqOgFl@�TRQsojB�oj¹AIAh:Fq@p¸�ojFHGJEAµfOPB-T&@nQ&FHOgQqhJmnNJO7?Tqh�@nB-TqOgFq¹=Å���ÎJÒ�ÃY@nQ

& µ6Õ\w ¢ ~�vPx�Å�@nB-TqOPFH¹=Å���µ-Ò�ÃA@CB-THOPFH¹=Å���Î:ÒSÒ�ºÇ§IAO�@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJB�Q�?YOPFH@CN:Og? ¸�hJµf¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B6ojmnmnU*i�Fqh:µ TqI6O�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFRojms¸PhJBAB6Og¸�TH@CN:OgQL¿HQSh-ÁAç¿SD`O�À¸PoJE6QqOgÁfojB6?�¿SD6EYTHÁfojFHOJÕ

& ÈJÕ»xqv���zY��~�Å�@nB:THOPFH¹=Å���ÎJÒ�Ã�@nB-TqOPFH¹=Å���È7ÒqÒ& ÎYÕ\vH©��`�Cwj|`wd~({��d|`Å�@nB-TqOPFH¹=Å���µ-Ò�ÃA@CB-THOPFH¹=ÅTJb�-ÒSÒ& �AÕ\vP�CwJ�R�jxqwd~({��d|`Å & ÎYà & È7Ò

ÖAE6FSTHIAOPFl@nBYi�OPFHOPB�¸�O§µ�o1U�TqIAOgB!FHO�Ý�BAO�vP�Cw:�H�jxqwd~({��d|�Tqh��R�d|6~(xqwd�R~(Ã1D6oJQqOg?�hJB!IAhd½ªDAEATs@nQ&D`OP@nBAG�E6QqOg?ɺ

��°

Page 38: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

* so

β:then

'then

because

α: because_mid

τ3

T1 τ1

τ4T3

T2

T4

β: but

α: so

β: but

α: because_mid

β:

τ2

(

) (*τ3 τ4

then

τ1 τ2() *

because

thenT3

T4

T2

so

T1

but

α:

but

so

IKJMLFN5O,PRQ¢î§�<HG.-9Õ1*3).-9"$0c"1W;Y[Z�*3#&%�29<�?1Ï

�JË

Page 39: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

T1

T2

TB

α:because_mid

because

β: punct1

*.

.

because

T2 TB

β: punct1

α:because_mid31

τ2 τβ

τ10

3T1

IKJMLFN5O,PRQ;ï§�<HG.-9Õ1*3).-9"$0c"1W;Y[Z�*3#&%�29<�?1Ö1D

Ö$@CB�ojmnmCU:Ã\½�O�½§ojB-T�Tqh�¹�h:@CB-T¤h:EYT�h:BAO�µfhJFHO�½§o1U @nBª½XIA@p¸RI�TqOP·-TRQ�THI6odTfQSOgOPµ Tqh¨D`Oc¸PmCh-QSO¹6oJFHoJ¹AIAFRoJQqOgQ¦GJO�T§THIAOP@nFX@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJB6Q�@nBL?A@�Ø#OPFHOPB-TX½�o1UYQgº�}¦hJB6Qq@n?AOPF�TqIAO�TV½�h¤TqO�·�TRQ§@CB*>l·AoJµ¤À¹AmnO�ÓJÊ6ÕÅ�Ó:Ê:Ò oAºCÊshJE�QqIAhJE6mn?fOgmC@nµf@CB6ojTqO�¹6ojFqTRÎ�D`O�i�h:FqOM¹�ojFqTH��D`Og¸PoJE6QqOM¹6ojFqTRÎ�@nQ.µ!h:FqOMQqE6QH¸�Og¹YTq@nDAmnOMTqh

?Aojµ�oJGJOJºD»º�ÊshJE¨QqIAhJE6mn?*OgmC@nµf@CB�odTqO�¹6ojFqTRÎfD`O�i�h:FqO�¹6ojFqTH�6º�ǧIA@pQM@pQtD`Og¸gojE6QqO�¹6oJFST�Î!@nQ�µfhJFHO�QSE�QVÀ¸�Og¹YTq@nDAmnO�Tqh�?Aojµ�oJGJOJº

>l·AoJµ!¹6mCO¨Ó:ÊjDá@nQ�o¥Qq@Cµf¹AmnOPF�NJOPFRQq@Ch:B�hji�ojBáO�·AoJµ!¹6mCO*@nB�Å�Æ*h-QSOgF�ojB6?�Æ*h�hJFHOJÃXÈ7ÊJÊ�¹JÒ�Ã&½XIAOgFqO¿qǧI6@nQ¦@nQ�D`Og¸gojE6QqOgÁ�@pQ.TqFHOgodTHOg?�o:Q¦oJB�EAB6oJB6ojmnU�ÙPO7?�¸�EAO�¹AIAFRoJQqOJÃ-BAh¤?A@�Ø#OPFHOPB-T.i�FHhJµ ¿qD�O7¸PojE�QSO7Á�@CBÅ�Ó:ÊJo-Ò�º`��OtQSI6hd½�IAOgFqO�TqI�odTlTqI6@nQl@pQqB»Ô TsB6Og¸�O7QqQHojFHU#ÕJr�BAOM¸PoJB!oJB6ojmnU�ÙPO�Å�Ó:ÊjD�Ò\E6Qq@CB6G�¸�hJµf¹`h:Qq@�TH@Ch:B6ojmQqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQXoJB6?LojB6oJ¹AIAh:F�FHOgQqhJmnEYTH@Ch:B»ÃYojB6?LoJ¸RI6@COgNJO�TqIAO�QHojµfO�FqO7QSE6m�TRQPº

Ö$@CFRQSTL¸PhJB6Qq@n?AOPF�Å�ÓJÊ:o:Ò�º���@nNJOgB TqI6O @nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJB�Q�hJi�@�TRQcTV½¦h�¸�h:µ!¹`hJB6OPB-T�¸PmnoJE6QSO7QPÃ�@CTHQhdNJOgFHoJmCm�@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJB¤i�hJmnmnhd½MQ&@CB!TqI6OMQqoJµ!OX½§o1U�oJQtÅ�ÓJÓ:o:Ò�ÃjQSIAhd½XB!@nBfÖ$@nGJEAFHO�È7ÎAºA¯Mhd½�¸�hJB�QS@p?YOPFÅ�Ó:ÊjD�ÒMojB6?�THIAO�?YOgFq@nNdodTq@nhJB*QqIAhd½XBL@CB¨Ö$@nGJEAFHO�È�°Yº6ÂMOgFqO�THIAO�@nBA@CTq@pojm»THFqOgOE�¦Õp�RvR�Rwdz��Pv����!{���I6o:QX@CTHQTV½�h�ojFHGJEAµfOPB-TRQ.Ý�mCmnOg?�D�U+��ÎAÃ�TqIAO�Ç$Ð��+ojB6oJmCUYQq@nQ§hJi�¿STqIA@pQ§@nQHÁ�ojB�?+��,�ÃYTqI6O�Ç\Ð��+ojB6oJmCUYQq@nQ§hJi¿S¹�ojFqT�Îc@pQ�µ!h:FqOfQqE6Qq¸POP¹YTH@CD6mCO!TqhL?AoJµfoJGJO7ÁAºÉǧIAO!hdNJOPFRojmnm&?YOPFH@CN:Og?¨TqFHOPO!i�hJF�Å�Ó:ÊjD�Ò�¸PhJµfOgQ�i�FHhJµÿ Õ �`zY|#��~���FHh-hJTSÀ�oJ?1¾Vh:@CB6@CBAG¤Tqh+��È!Å�TqIAO¤Ç\Ð��ÚojB�ojmnU�Qq@pQ¦hJi�¿.ÊshJELQqIAhJEAmp?�OPmn@Cµf@nB6odTHO�¹6oJFST�Î�D`O�i�h:FqO¹6oJFST�JÁ:Ò�æ½X@CTqI TqIAO�QSE6D6QS@CTqEATq@nhJB¶Qq@CTqO�hJi ÿ Õ �`zY|`�P~��*Ý6mnmnOg?ÜD�UáTqIAOj�¦Õp�RvR�Rwdz��Pv����!{�� ?YOPFH@CNdojTq@nhJB»ºÇ§IAO�¸PhJµf¹�h-QS@CTq@nhJB�ojm&@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJB�hJi¦THIAO�?YOPFH@nN1ojTq@nhJB TqFHOPOfU�@COgmn?6Q�TqIAO�@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJB hji¦TqIAO�¦Õp�RvR�Rwdz��Pv����!{���THFqOgOfÅQ~RÈ7Ò§oJQXoJB�vP�Cw:�H�jxqwd~({��d|�hji$TqIAO�@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJBchji-��ÈJÕ

~RÈJÕ=vH©��#�Cwd|#wd~({��d|`Å�@nB:THOPFH¹=Å���,¤Ò�à @nB:THOPFH¹=Å���ÎJÒSÒ~VÎYÕ=vP�CwJ�R�dxHwd~({��d|�ÅQ~RÈJà @CB-TqOgFq¹\Å���È1ÒSÒ

ß�EYT�THIA@pQ�@pQ�BAhJT!oJmCm(º\ǧIAO�¹AFqh:BAhJE6B�¿VTqI6@nQHÁL@CB.��Î�@nQ�FqO7QSh:mCN:Og?�ojB�oj¹AIAh:Fq@p¸PoJmCmnU*THh¨TqI6O�BAO7ojFHOgQST¸�h:B6Qq@nQSTqOgB:TLOPN:OPB-TqE�ojmn@�TVU�Å�>¦¸R¼JOgFSTcoJB6?·��TqFHEAD�O:ÃMÎjÏJÏ:ÏAÌ�ߦU�FHhJB»ÃXÎjÏ:Ï:Î:Ò�Ã�½XIA@n¸RIâ@CB¶TqIA@pQL¸Po:QSO @nQ@nB:THOPFH¹=Å���È7Ò�ºAÇ$oj¼�@nBAG!TqIA@pQMo:Q�TqIAO�@nB-TqOPFH¹AFHO�TRodTq@nhJBchji-��ΤojB6?�QSE6D6QVTH@�THEYTq@nBAG�Ã6½�O�G:O�T

~RÈJÕ=vH©��#�Cwd|#wd~({��d|`Å�@nB:THOPFH¹=Å���,¤Ò�à @nB:THOPFH¹=Å���È7ÒSÒ~VÎYÕ=vP�CwJ�R�dxHwd~({��d|�ÅQ~RÈJà @CB-TqOgFq¹\Å���È1ÒSÒ

¯MhJTq@p¸�O¦TqI6ojT«~RÈs@pQ$ojmpQShtTqIAO�@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJB�hji=Å]ÓJÊ:o:Ò�º1Ç\hMTqI6@nQgÃ#~�ÎMoJ?A?AQ=TqI6O�QqhJµfOP½XI�odT\FHOg?AEAB6?AoJB:T@nBYi�hJFHµ�odTq@nhJB TqI�odT<~RÈ�QSOgFqN:OgQ�Tqh�vP�CwJ�R�jxqwd~�v�THIAO�oJ?YN�@p¸�Of@nB/��È:º»Ç§I�E6Q�Å�Ó:ÊJo:Ò�oJB6?�Å]ÓJÊJD�Ò�FqO7¸�Og@CN:OQq@Cµf@nmnoJFM@CB-THOPFH¹AFqOPTHojTq@nhJB6Q§DAEATtD�Uc?Y@CØ`OgFqOgB-TMµ!O7ojB6Qgº6ǧIA@pQ§THFqO7odTqµfOgB:TMI�oJQ�TqI6O�oJ?A?AOg?LoJ?YNdoJB:TRojG:OTqI�odTth:BAO�?Yh�OgQXBAhJTMI6o1NJO�THhfTqFHOgodT�¿HǧIA@pQ§@nQXB6hjTMD`Og¸PoJE6QqOgÁfoJQMofQqOP¹6oJFHojTqO�¸�E6O�¹AIAFRoJQqOJºAWMojTqIAOgFgÃBAOgG:odTH@Ch:B�Qq@nµ!¹6mCUc¹AFqhY?YE�¸�OgQ

�JÊ

Page 40: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

~RÈJÕ6ÍXvH©��#�Cwd|#wd~({��d|`Å�@nB:THOPFH¹=Å���,¤Ò�à @nB:THOPFH¹=Å���È7ÒSÒ~VÎYÕ=vP�CwJ�R�dxHwd~({��d|�ÅQ~RÈJà @CB-TqOgFq¹\Å���È1ÒSÒ

ǧI6ojT�@pQgÃ0��È�@pQ�OgmnoJD�h:FHojTqO7?*D�ULo�?YOgBA@noJm&hji¦o�Å�¹`h:QHQS@nDAmnO7ÒtO�·Y¹AmpojB6ojTq@nhJB»ºÉk.FqO7QSEAµ�oJDAmCU:Ã6THIAO¤TqO�·�T½�hJEAmp?�GJh!hJB�Tqhf¹AFHhdN�@n?YO�THIAO�oJ¸�THE6ojm=O�·Y¹AmpojB6ojTq@nhJB»º

Ö$@CB�ojmnmCU:Ãd½¦OX½§ojB-T&Tqh�¸�h:µfµ!OgB-T&h:B!TqIAO§IAh:mCU¤GJFRoj@nm-hJi`?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO§¹6ojFRQS@nBAG�Õ7FHEABAB6@CBAG�@CTs@CBf¹6oJFSÀojmnmnOPm$½X@�THI¨@CB�¸�FHOPµfOPB-THoJm$QqOPB-THOPB6¸PO�À�mCOgNJOPm=¹6ojFRQS@nBAG�º{¯MOg@�THIAOPF�TqI6O¤ojB�ojmnU�QqOgQtGJ@nNJOgB*@CB*THIA@pQ�QqOg¸�Tq@nhJB»ÃBAh:FfTqIAO*?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�¹6oJFHQqOPFf?YOgQH¸�FH@nD�O7?�@nB4Å]ÖAh:FqD`OgQfOPT�oJm]ºnÃsÎjÏ:ÏAÈ7Ò�FHEAB�@nB�¹�ojFRojmnmCOgm�½X@CTqIá@nB6¸�FHO�ÀµfOPB-THoJm`QqOPB-THOPB6¸PO�À�mCOgNJOPm6¹6ojFRQS@nBAG�ºJß�EYT¦½�OtD`OPmn@COgNJOXTHI6odT§ojB�oJ¹A¹AFHh:oJ¸RIfG:Fqh:EAB6?YO7?¤@nB�o�mnO�·Y@p¸PoJmC@nÙPO7?GJFRojµfµ�ojF$IAh:mn?AQ&µfh:FqO�¹AFHhJµf@nQqO¦i�hJFl¹6oJFHoJmCmnOPm(Ã1@CB6¸PFqOgµfOPB-THoJm�QqOPB-THOPB6¸PO�À�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO¦¹AFqhY¸POgQHQS@nBAGMTHI6ojBOP@CTqI6OPF�oJB*oj¹A¹AFHh:o:¸RI�THI6odTtE�QSO7QM?Y@pQVTH@CB6¸�TtµfOg¸RI6oJBA@pQSµ�Q�i�hJFMTqIAO�TV½�h6ÃYh:FtojB*oJ¹A¹AFHh:oJ¸RI�TqI6ojTtE6QqOgQ¹AIAFRoJQqO�À�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFqO�FHEAmCO7Q�i�hJFXD`hjTHI»º

ÐMBfoj¹6¹AFqh-oJ¸RI�THh�QSOgB:THOPB6¸PO�À�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO¦¹AFHh�¸POgQHQS@nBAGtTqI6ojT&½§oJQ$D`hjTHI¤@nB6¸�FHOPµfOgB:TRojmYojB�?�¹6oJFHoJmCmnOPm½�hJEAmp?�µ!@nBA@nµ�ojmnmCU�FHOgÛ-EA@nFHO�THIAO�i�hJmnmnhd½X@CBAG�Õ

k ÐmCOPi}TSÀ(TqhJÀ(FH@CG:I-T§¹�ojFRQSOgF¦i�h:F§TqIAO�mnO�·Y@p¸PoJmC@nÙPO7?�G:FHoJµ!µ�oJF¦THI6odTX½�hJEAmp?LQS@nµ�E6m�TRojBAOghJE6QqmCU¸�h:µ!¹6EYTqO�@nB6¸�FHOPµfOgB:TRQ�Tqh�D`hjTHILQqOPB-THOPB6¸PO�À�mCOgNJOPmÉQqU�B:TRoJ¸�Tq@p¸�QSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFHOJÃAQqOPB-TqOgB6¸�OPÀ(mnOPN:OPmQSOgµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQgÃA?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSOPÀ(mnOPN:OPmÉQqU-B-TRoJ¸�TH@n¸�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHO�oJB6?�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSOPÀ(mnOPN:OPmÉQSOgµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQgº´�B6¸�FHOPµfOgB:TRQ�TqhfTHIAO�mnojTSTHOPF§TV½�h!½�hJE6mn?chJBAmnU�hY¸P¸PEAFModTt¸PmnoJE6QqO�D`hJE6B6?AojFH@nOgQ§ojB6?�½X@CTqI?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojmpQ�ojB6?LQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHoJm»¸�h:BABAOg¸�Tq@nNJO7QPº

k ÐMBL@nB6¸�FHOPµfOPB-TRojm»ojB�oj¹AIAh:F§FqO7QSh:mCEYTH@Ch:BcµfO7¸RI6ojBA@pQqµ�ÃAQq@nµ!@nmpojF§Tqh!THI6odTM@nB¥Ås�-THFqEAD`OJÃÈgÊ:ÊJË:Ò�Ã�DAEYTtOP·-THOPB6?AOg?cD�hJTqI�Tqh�?YOg@n¸�Tq@p¸�¹AFHhJBAh:EAB6QgÃ�o:Q§@CB¥Å]>.¸R¼JOgFSTXojB�?z��TqFHEAD�O:Ã�ÎjÏ:ÏJÏ6Ìß�U-FHhJB=Ã6ÎjÏJÏ-ÎJÒ�Ã�oJB6?�TqhfTqI6O�ojB6oJ¹AIAhJFH@p¸�oJFqG:EAµfOPB-T�hJi&?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJmnQgº

k ´�B6¸�FHOPµfOgB:TRojmɸ�h:µf¹AEYTHojTq@nhJBchji\?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHOt@nB�THOPFHµfQ�hJi�v��nwJ�R�dxqwj~]{��j|�FqOgmnojTq@nhJB6QojB6?ci�EAFqTqI6OPFXBAh:BYÀ�?AO�i�Ogo:QS@nDAmnO�FqO7oJQqhJBA@nBAG¤TqhfµfhJFHO�Qq¹`Og¸�@CÝ�¸�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B6QPÃ�½XIAOgFqO�¹`h:QHQS@nDAmnOJº

ÐMBcmCOPi}TSÀ(TqhJÀ(FH@CG:I-T¦¹6oJFHQqOPF.TqI6ojT§Qq@Cµ¤EAmCTHojB6OPhJE�QSmnUf¹AFqhY?YE�¸�OgQ�QqOPB-TqOgB6¸�OPÀ(mnOPN:OPm�QqU�B-THoJ¸�Tq@p¸�oJB6?�QqO�Àµ�ojB-Tq@p¸¨oJB6ojmnUYQSO7Q�ojmnFqO7oJ?YU¥OP·�@pQSTHQfi�h:F�¸�h:µ�DA@nB6odTHhJFHU�¸PojTqOgGJhJFH@pojm§GJFRojµfµ�ojF*Ås��TqOPO7?Yµ�ojB»Ã�ÈgÊ:ÊJÓAÌ�-THOPOg?AµfoJB»Ã`ÎJÏJÏ:ÏjD»ÌYÂMhY¸R¼:OPBAµ�oj@nOPF7ÃAß�@COgFqB6OPF7ÃAojB6?Lߧojmp?YFH@n?YG:OJÃAÇ\h�oj¹A¹`OgoJFRÒ�ÃAojB6?�@CTt½�hJEAmp?LQSOgOPµQSTqFRoj@nGJI-TSÀ(i�hJFH½�oJFH?¥Tqh¥O�·�THOPB6?ÜQqE6¸RIÜo�¹6ojFRQSOgFfTqhª¸PhJµf¹AEYTH@CBAGª?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�À�mnOPNJOgmXQSU�B-THoj·�ojB6?�QqO�Àµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQ�o:Q�½¦OgmCm(º;��@nµf@CmpojFHmCU:Ã#@�T�QqOPOgµfQ�QSTqFRoj@nGJI-TSÀ(i�hJFH½§ojFR?�TqhL¹AFHh�?AE6¸�O�ojB�@nB6¸�FHOPµfOPB-TRojm&NJOgFHQq@Ch:Bhji�ojB�U�hjiXTqI6O�¸PEAFqFHOPB-T!GJOPB6OPFRodTq@nhJB¥hJitojB6oJ¹AIAh:F�FHOgQqhJmnEYTq@nhJBªµfO7¸RI6ojBA@pQqµfQgÃ$O�·�TqOgB6?YOg?¥Tqh�?YOP@p¸�ÀTq@p¸L¹AFHhJBAh:EAB6QgÃlojmCTqIAh:EAGJI�¸�EAFHFHOPB-TfoJ¹A¹AFHh:o:¸RIAOgQ¤hJBAmnU�ojTSTqOgµf¹YT�Tqh�FHOgQqhJmnNJOá¿VTqI6@nQHÁ oJB6?+¿VTqI�odTHÁ½X@CTqI�THIAO�@CB-TqOgFq¹6FqOPTHodTH@Ch:B�hji=o¤QS@nBAG:mCO�¸�mpojE6QqO�|fBAhjT�½X@�THI�TqI�odT§hji=ojB�UfmpojFHGJOPF¦?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSOME6BA@�T7ºYÐtQTqI6OgQqOMoj¹A¹AFHh:o:¸RIAOgQ\ojFHOXojmpQSh�BAhjTlN:OPFHU�oJ¸P¸PEAFRodTqO§oJQ$U:O�TgÃd@nB6¸PFqOgµ!OgB-THojmYoJB6oj¹AI6hJF&FqO7QSh:mCEATq@nhJB¤o1½§oj@CTHQ@nµ!¹6FqhdN:OPµfOPB-THQtTqh�ojB6oJ¹AIAh:FtFHOgQqhJmnEYTq@nhJB¨@nB�G:OPBAOgFHoJm]º`Æ*hJFHOPhdN:OPF7Ã6oJQ�½�O¤D`O�TqTqOPF�EAB�?YOPFRQVTRojB6?*TqIAOQq¹�O7¸�@CÝ�¸fojB6oJ¹AIAhJFH@p¸�¹AFHhJ¹`OPFqTq@nOgQ�hji¦?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO¤o:?YNJOgFqDA@pojmpQXTHIAFHhJEAG:I¨OPµf¹A@nFq@p¸PoJmlojB6oJmCUYQq@nQ�QSE�¸RI�oJQÅg}¦FHOgQq½�OPmnm»O�T�oJm]ºnÃ�ÎJÏJÏ:Î:Ò�ÃAQqE6¸RI*ojB6oJ¹AIAh:FXFqO7QSh:mCEYTH@Ch:BcµfO7¸RI6ojBA@pQqµfQt¸PojBLD`O�O�·�TqOgB6?YO7?�Tqh�@nB6¸�mnE6?YOTqI6OPµ oJQ§½�OPmnm]º

ÐtQli�hJFlDAEA@nmp?Y@CB6G�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSOXQSTqFHE6¸�THEAFqO§@nB6¸�FHOPµfOgB:TRojmnmCU�@CB�¹6oJFHoJmCmnOPm�½X@CTqI�QqU�B:TRoJ¸�Tq@p¸�QSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFHOJÃTqI6OPFHO�@pQ�BAh¨½�hJFH¼�@CB6G�¹6FqhJTqhjTVU�¹`O�UJOPT�TqI�odT¤½X@nmnm¦?Yh¨½XI�odT¤@pQ�B6OPOg?AOg?ÉÃ\DAEYT¤½�O�I6o1N:O�BAh�?Yh:EADYTTqI�odT.D`O�TqTqOPF¦EAB6?YOgFHQSTHoJB6?Y@nBAG�hjiÉQqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQ.ojB6?!FHOgQqOgojFR¸RIAOgFHQgÔgFHOPmn@pojDAmnOX@CB6GJOPB�EA@CTVU�½X@nmnm6OPN:OPB-TqE�ojmnmCUQqE6¸P¸POPOg?�IAOgFqO�o:Q§½¦OgmCm(º

ª ɤ¯�¬$²VÃ]±�½7³�¯`¬

´�B�TqIA@pQX¹6oJ¹�OgFgÃY½�O�I6o1NJO�ojFHGJE6Og?�THI6odTt?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJmnQ�µ�oj¼:O�oJB�oJB6oj¹6IAhJFH@n¸JÃ�FHojTqIAOgF¦THI6ojBo�QVTHFqE6¸�TqEAFRojm(Ã#¸�hJB6BAOg¸�Tq@nhJB�½X@CTqI TqI6O¤¹AFHOPN�@nhJE6Q�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOcÅs�YOg¸�TH@Ch:B�È1Ò�ÃÉojB6?�½¦O!I6o1N:O�¹AFHhdN�@n?YO7?o¨G:OPBAOgFHoJm.N�@nOP½ hjitoJB6oj¹6IAhJFRo*@nBª½XIA@p¸RIª@�Tfµ�oj¼:OgQ�QqOPB�QSO�Tqh¨TRojmn¼�hjit?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@pojmpQ�oJQD`OP@nBAG�ojB�oj¹AIAh:Fq@p¸fÅs��O7¸�TH@Ch:B*Î:Ò�º{� O�I6o1N:O�TqIAOgB¨QSIAhd½XB�THI6odTXTHIA@nQtN�@COg½¶hJi&?Y@pQH¸�hJE6FHQqO�oJ?YN:OPFHDA@noJmnQojmnmnhd½MQlE6Q&THh�¸RI6ojFRoJ¸�TqOgFq@nÙPOXo�FRojBAG:O�hJiɽ�o1UYQ&@nB�½XIA@n¸RIfTHIAOMFHOPmpodTH@Ch:Bf¸PhJB-TqFH@nDAEYTqO7?!D-Ufo�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO

µ:Ï

Page 41: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

oJ?ANJOPFHDA@pojm=¸gojB¨@nB-TqOgFHo:¸�Tt½X@CTqI*THIAO�FHOPmpodTH@Ch:B*¸�hJB�N:OPUJO7?�D-ULo�QSTqFHE6¸�TqEAFRojm=¸PhJBAB6Og¸�TH@CN:O�hJF�@CBAi�OPFHFqO7?TqI6Fqh:EAGJI�oJ?1¾So:¸�OPB�¸�U*Ås��O7¸�TH@Ch:BÜ�-Ò�ÃYojB6?�TqIAOgB�QqIAhd½XBcIAhd½ ?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�QSU�B-THoj·�ojB6?cQSOgµfoJB-Tq@p¸PQ§¸PoJBD`OLTqFHOgodTHOg?�oJQfojBáO�·�TqOgB6Qq@Ch:B�hji�QSOgB-TqOPB�¸�O�À�mnOPNJOgm�QqU�B-THod·�oJB6?áQSOgµfoJB-Tq@p¸PQgÃ$E�QS@nBAG�o�mnO�·Y@p¸Pojmn@pQSO7??Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�G:FHoJµfµfoJF�Åg��Og¸�Tq@nhJBzµ-Ò�º

��O!oJFqO!¸�mnOgojFHmnU�B6hjT�TqIAO¤Ý6FRQVT�TqhcI6o1NJO¤¹AFqh:¹�h-QSO7?¨o�G:FHoJµfµfojTq@p¸PoJm=THFqO7odTqµfOgB:T�hji.mnhd½§À�mCOgNJOPmoJQq¹`Og¸�TRQ§hjil?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO�QqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQ�Å]ÐtQqIAOPFtoJB6?�Ñ=oJQH¸PoJFq@p?YO7QPÃ`ÈgÊ:ÊJÊA̱��oJFH?YOgB-TgÃÉÈgÊ:Ê�°YÌ-k&h:mnoJB-U�@ÉojB�?NdojB¥?YOgB�ß�OPFHG6Ã&È7ÊJÊJÓ6Ì��Y¸RI6o�ojB6?�k&hJmpojB�U�@]Ã&È7ÊJËJË6Ì��A¸RIA@Cmp?YOgFgÃlÈ7ÊJÊ�°joAÌ[�Y¸RIA@nmn?AOPF7ÃlÈgÊJÊ °1D»Ì`NdojB�?YOPBß�OPFHG6Ã\ÈgÊJÊ:Ó:Ò�º6ß�EYT�½�O�ojFHO�TqI6O�Ý6FRQVTtTqh�I�o1NJO�FHOg¸�h:GJBA@pQqOg?cTqI6ojT�o�¼:OPUcTqh�o1N:hJ@p?Y@nBAG�¹AFHhJDAmnOPµ�QMhJiµ�oj@nB-THoj@nBA@nBAG�o�¸PhJµf¹�h-QS@CTq@nhJB�ojm\QqOPµ�oJB:TH@n¸gQ§i�hJF�?Y@nQH¸�h:EAFRQSO�mn@CO7QM@nB*FqO7¸�h:GJBA@nÙP@nBAG�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO�o:?YNJOgFSÀDA@pojmpQMoJQXoJB6oj¹6IAhJFRQ§ojB6?�BAhJT�THFqU�@nBAGfTqh�QqIAh�O�À�IAhJFHB�OPNJOgFqU-THIA@CB6G¤@nB-Tqh�ofQS@nBAG:mCO�¸�mpoJQHQ§hjil?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO¸�h:BABAO7¸�Tq@nNJO7QPºF�ÜI6@CmnO�½¦O�ojFHO�BAhjTXUJOPTMojDAmnOtTHhf¹AFqh:¹�h-QSO�ofQSh:mCEATq@nhJB�THh!TqIAO�¹AFHhJD6mCOgµ hji$¸PhJFHFqO7¸�THmCUFHOgQqhJmnN-@nBAG�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqO§o:?YNJOgFqD6@noJmnQ$hJF¦o�½�o1U�hJi#o:¸RIA@nOPN�@CB6G�THIAOMIAh:mCU�GJFRoj@nmYhji»¸�h:µ!¹6EYTq@nBAG�?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQqOQqU-B-TRod·�ojB�?�QqOPµ�ojB-Tq@p¸PQ�@nBc¹�ojFRojmnmCOgm�½X@CTqI�@CB�¸�FHOPµfOPB-THoJmÉQSOgB:THOPB6¸PO�¹6FqhY¸�O7QqQq@nBAG6Ã:TqIAO�¹AFHhJ¹`h:QqOg?�oj¹YÀ¹AFHh:o:¸RI¨?Yh�OgQ�QS@nµf¹AmC@Ci�U*@pQqQqEAOgQ�hji.?A@nQH¸�h:EAFHQqO�QSTqFHE6¸�THEAFHO¤ojB�?¨?Y@pQq¸PhJEAFRQSO¤QSOgµfoJB-Tq@p¸PQ�@CB¨½§o1UYQXTHI6odTI6o1N:O�B6hjTXD�OPi�hJFHO�D�OgOPBL¹`h:QHQS@nDAmnOJº

132�4650798%: P9;5L�<­P 5�=?>÷�]�<�*3'().]("1G.7bn�"1'�2/Uc29-9l�<�)."E).] *30�l#@�*3).<A "3G.DF<7@�@�*,)³ðT*%Bi*,G.l�<HGT)�@(B�*3)+*329-h*#Bc"AUyð�<7Tl1*V@C *17T]�#&- S G+*17.*1U�@�Y;29<0(-DBc-92®).7.*1l1*1lA-p@F!�*37T7.*10�UVG+*!�G.<7�n�<292¥@EBi*,G.la¨A).<<�UV#e*10�@(#&<H#EDF<HG.7�"3W�).]�<F 0(-9Õ�<HG.7T-®)gd_"1W;Y;U(-90AD�'VG.6$]_§�-/*129"$61'�<˨AdV7�).<#&7�XG."$'(%{@�*10�Uc% *,GT).-/8H-/%�*10`).7f*3)XY�¨�¨(4{4{ÔHG ×A=$@VW�"3G]�<H2/%VW�'(2{8HG.-®).-98-97T# *17K).]�<�-/UV<�*17K-90c).]�<C% *1%F<^Gn�<^G.<>DF<H-/0(6&U(<HÕ�<29"$%F<�U±\Ajz<�n�"1'�2/Ui*32/7T"&29-9l�<C).").] *30�le"$'VGK).](G.<<�*30�"10AdV#&"1'�7�G.<ÕA-9<Hn�<^G.7\�jz<DF<29-9<Õ�<�).]�*3)f-90i*$U(UVG.<7T7T-90(6m).]�<-®Gf8HG.-®).-98-97T#&7*10�U_7T'(6$61<7�).-9"$0�7@(DF"1).]e).]�<X% *3%F<HG?G 7K*3G.6$'(#&<0`).7*10�Uc-®).7K%(G.<7T<0`)+*,).-/"10i] *�Õ�<CDF<8"$#&<C829<�*3G.<HG�\

I&PKJsPAO,P 5D2 P >¦X7T](<HG�@(BC-98^]("$2/*17\f=�Ö1Ö$åA\MLKu&ý�uONTu^xFy+uËê�ìPRQ t+êSN�é�yHê T Q�U uTyHêpt�ë�x�V�ë�t^y.ì1wKN^tHu^\W@�2/'`n�<HG�@X "$7�)."10+Bi¦>\

¦X7T](<HG�@(BC-98^]("$2/*17X*10�Uc¦f2/<^Zc4{*17T8�*,G.-/U(<7\f=�Ö1Ö$ÖV\÷�]�<�7T<#e*30A).-987f*30 Ua%VG+*161#e*3).-987K"1W%(G.<7T'(%�%F"$7T-®).-9"$0�\YAì1wKN^x é$è[ì�ý[Z±uO\mé1x�êpëpyHt+@=^]Vo¥å$qO_ `1å$Ö�äAå1×$×V\

¦X7T](<HG�@(BC-98^]("$2/*17X*10�Uc¦f2/<^Zc4{*17T8�*,G.-/U(<7\W�"1GT).](8"$#&-90(6(\�a5ìcb1ë¥yHt�ì�ý#d;ì1x e1uON^t^é1êpëpì1x�\!�*1#EDVG.-/U(6$< F 0�-9Õ�<HG.7T-®)sd S G.<7T7@F!�*1#ËD(G.-/U(61<F @m\

¦X7T](<HG�@VBC-98+]�"$2/*37X*30 U"Bc-98^]�*1<20Bc"1GTG.<�*3'{\K=�Ö1ÖV=1\!�"$#&#&"$0(7T<0�7T<C<0`)+*1-929#&<0`)�\�Ôg0�fOY�d P f(í g!h^ij N�ì�y^u.u]þ1ë�x!b1tËì�ý�êlk�u mCë�x�êlk#f+x�êsuON+xFé3êpë¥ì1xFé1èYAì1ë�x�ênd;ì1x�ýuON.u^xFy+uEì3x P N+êpë o�yHë¥é$èf+x�êsuHè�è ëpb`u^x y+u^@ % *36$<7få1Ï�Î�ä`å$Öq`A@{¨Ad(UV0�<Hd`@¦X'�7�)TG+*329-h*A\

X *,).<#e*10�@�r$"1]�0�\f=Ö$Ö1ÖV\«÷�]�<�UVdV0�*1#&-987�"3Ws 7T'VGTWp*38-90�6 Gt_±¦f0c-90�-®).-/*12{<HZV%�29"1G+*,).-9"$0{\;Ôs0j N�ì�y^u.u]þ1ë�x!b1tËì�ýnf+x�êsuON+xFé1êpë¥ì3xFé$èRucì�N�v3t�k(ì^çRì3xa�uOe1uHè t>ì�ýnLfusçwN.u^tHu^x�ê�é1êpëpì1xÜë�x�V�ë�t^y.ì1wKN^tHux aMTWLyf�V�í gqg{z�@�%�*16$<H7>=?`$Î�ä�=�å1åV@±Y;U(-90AD�'VG.6$]{\

X -9<HG.0(<HG�@���*30�0{\�`3×$×V=*V\�¦X2®).<HG.0�*3).-9Õ�<�%(](G+*17T<H7*10 Ua0 *3).'VG+*12�2/*10�61' *36$<�-90(W�"3G.#e*3).-9"$0G.<H)TG.-9<Õ$*32p\�Ôs0 j NTì�y+u.u]þ1ë�xKb1tËì�ý�êlk�u�|!g~}S�

P x�x(w�é1èWd;ì1x�ý�uON.u^x y^uËì�ý�êlk�u P t.tHì�yHëpé1êpë¥ì1xBýì�Nd;ì�\Cç�wVê�é3êpë¥ì1xFé1è�a�ëMxKb1wAë�t.êpë¥yHt.@w÷5"1'�29"$'(7T<$@A G+*10(8<$@wr$'�2®d`\

X -9<HG.0(<HG�@���*30�0�\W`1×$×A=D�\ P è êsuON+xFé1êpële1u j k!NTé1tHu^t{�� k�uTì�N.u^êpëpy+é1è P xFé$è �3t.ë�t�é1x�þ j NTé$yHêpë¥y.é$èP ç$çFè ë¥y.é1êpë¥ì1x(\ S ]�\ §Ë\().](<7T-97@ F 0�-9Õ�<HG.7T-®)gd_"3WY�UV-90VD('(G.61]{\

X -9<HG.0(<HG�@���*30�0c*10 U X "$0(0�-9<�jz<D(DF<HG�\W`1×1×$×A\Ôg0VW�<HG.<0(8<�).](G."1'�61]i*12®).<HG.0�*3).-9Õ�<�7T<H)7T<#e*10`).-987\yYAì1wKN+xFé$è�ì�ýa�é1x!b1w�é~b`uEé1xwþd;ì�\Cç�wVê�é3êpë¥ì1x�@{=�o�`1qO_ `�]1Ö�ä9`$Î^(\

X dAG."10{@(§�"$0(0 *V\W`3×$×q`A\ C <7T"129ÕV-90(6m%(G."10�"$#&-90�*12G.<HW�<^G.<0�8<�)."m*1D�7�)TG+*38H)X<0`).-9).-9<7\;Ôs0j N�ì�y+u+u]þ1ëMxKb1tËì�ý�êlk�un��� }S� P x(x�w(é$è��Üu.u^êpë�xKb�iP t.t^ì�yHë¥é1êpëpì1x7ýHì�N$d;ì�\Xç wAê�é1êpë¥ì1x é$èa�ë�x!b1wAë�t.êpë¥yHt.@ % *36$<7fÏ1×,äAÏ$ÎA@ F 0�-9Õ�<HG.7T-®)sda"3WS <0�0(7�dV2/Õ1*10(-/*V\

!�2/*3G.lF@w�C<HG.DF<HGT)�\b=Ö�Î�]A\ X G.-/U(6$-90(6(\;Ôg0j N�ì�y+u+u]þ1ëMxKb1tËì�ý � k�uTì�N.u^êpëpy+é1è6f+t.t+w�u^t�ëMxm�é3êpw9N�é$è�a{é1xKb1w(é?b`u j NTì�y+u^t.t.ë�xKbx � f�ma P jM� hHz,@�% *36$<7�=�?1Ö,ä�=,Î�V@{!�*1#ËD(G.-/U(61<Bi¦>\

!�2/*3G.lF@w�C<HG.DF<HGT)f*30 Uc!�*3).]�<^G.-/0(<�Bi*3G.7T] *3292¥\=�Ö1ÏV=$\�§�<{��0�-®).<CG.<HWM<HG.<0(8<>*10 U_#E'V).' *12lA0�"�nK29<�U(61<$\;Ôg0i¦KG+*�ÕV-90�U�r$"17T]�-p@ X "10�0(-/<jz<D(DF<HG�@(*10�UaÔgÕ1*10i¨(*36(@ <U(-®)."1G.7@��Kè/uO\&u^x�êptì�ýnV�ë�t^y.ì1wKN+tu��{x�þ`uON^t.ê�é1x�þ1ë�x!b1\�!�*1#ËD(G.-/U(61<F 0(-/Õ$<HG.7T-®)gd S G.<H7T7@ % *36$<7�=×,äA?1åV\

!�"17T7T<$@6Bc-98^](<2p\K=�Ö$Ö1?V\�Ôg0�U(<{��0�-®).<�*37T7T"`8-/*3).-9Õ�<*10�*1%�]("1G+*E-90 A G.<0�8+]{\[Ôs0 j NTì�y+u.u]þ1ë�xKb1tËì�ý�êlk�uf+xwþ1ë P x é�ucì�N�v3t�k(ì^çRì3x�f+x�þ1ë�NTu.yHê P xFé^ç9k(ì�NTé3@F 0(-/Õ$<HG.7T-®)gd_"1W�4{*10(8�*17�).<HG�@ F @m\

!�G.<7�n�<292p@�!�*17T7.*30 UVG.<1@�@�*3).< A "1G.DF<7@ Y;29<0(-Bc-929).7.*3l$*3lA-¥@ C *37T]�#&- S G+*17.*$U±@F¦KG+*,ÕA-90 Ur$"$7T](-p@F*10�U X "10�0(-/<�jÜ<D�DF<HG�\�`1×$×q`A\«÷�]�<U(-97T8"1'(G.7T<�*10�*1%(]�"1G.-98�%(G."1%F<HGT).-9<7K"1W8"$0(0�<8^).-/Õ$<7\�Ôg0 j N�ì�y^u.u]þ1ë�x!b1tËì�ý�êlk�uV�ë�t^y.ì1wKN+tu P xFé^ç kVì�NTéaé1xwþ P xFé^ç9k(ì�NLfu^t^ì$è wAêpë¥ì3x�d;ì1è�è9ì�vHwAë�wK\E@�4{-97TDF"$0�@ S "3GT).'�6�*32p\

§�*329<$@ C "$DF<HGT)�\b=Ö$Öq`A\��fu^x±uON�é1êpë�xKb$Lfu&ý�uONHN+ë�xKb��æ^çwN.u^t.t.ë¥ì1x�t.\MBcÔ�÷ S G.<H7T7@±!�*1#ËD(G.-/U(61<�Bi¦>\

µ6È

Page 42: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

§�*32/<1@ C "$DF<HGT)f*30 UiY�]A' U C <-®).<HG�\K=Ö$Ö�]`\!�"$#&%�'V)+*3).-9"$0�*12�-90A).<^G.%(G.<H)+*,).-/"10�7K"1W[).](<�XG.-/8H<�*10«#e*,Z(-9#&7�-90c).](<�6$<H0�<HG+*,).-/"10«"1WG.<HW�<HGTG.-90(6&<HZV%(G.<7T7T-9"$0(7\�d;ìcb1x�ë�êpë�e1u ZFyHë�u^x y+u^@=�Ï9_ `3å$å,äK`1?1åV\

Y�8^l�<^GT)�@�Bc-®G.-/*1# *10�U�Bc-98^]�*1<25¨A)TG.'(DF<$\W`1×1×$×A\¨AdV0�8+](G."10�-97T-90�6E'(0�-®).7f*10�Uc*10�*1%(]�"1G+*G.<7T"$29'().-9"10{\nYAì1wKN^x é$è�ì�ý[ZFuO\&é1x(êpë¥yHt.@=,ÎK_ ]`=^äAÏ1ÖV\

A "3G.DF<7@�@�*,).<�*10 U X "$0(0�-9<�jz<HD�DF<HG�\W`3×$×�``\�¦7T<#e*10`).-98�*188H"$'�0`)K"3W;*$U(Õ$<HG.D�-/*1297f*17U(-97T8"$'VG.7T<�8"$0(0�<8H).-9Õ�<H7\�Ôg0 j NTì�y+u.u]þ1ë�x!b1tEì�ý� kAë�N]þ%Z9f���V�ë¥é$èyucì�Ncv3t�k(ì+ç @ %�*16$<H7[`1Î�äAå1?V@S ](-/2/*1U(<29%�](-/* S ¦�\

A "3G.DF<7@�@�*,).]�<HG.-90�<1@ Y�29<0�-0Bc-929).7.*3l$*3lA-¥@ C *37T]�#&-S G+*37.*$U�@ ¦X0("`"$%�¨V*3G.l1*3G�@(¦fG+*�ÕA-90 U�r1"$7T]�-p@*10 U X "$0(0�-9<�jz<D(DF<HG�\W`1×1×V=1\�§Xrg4¢÷�¦�¨AdV7�).<#·ä_UV-97T8"$'VG.7T<>%�*3G.7T-90�6ËnK-9).]i*2/<^Z(-98�*329-p�H<�Uc)TG.<<Hrs*$Uyð�"1-/0(-90�6&61G+*3#&#e*3G�\�Ôs0�MZ ZKa0a0f(í �9���qh�ucì�N�v3t�kVì^çRì1x�f+x�ýì�NH\&é1êpë¥ì3xZ�êSN+w�yHêpwKNTuOiWV�ë�t^y.ì1wKN+tu�Z�êSN+w�yHêpwKNTumé1xwþV�ë�t^y.ì1wKN^tHu�ZFuO\&é1x(êpë¥yHt.@��X<297T-/0(lA-¥@ A -90�2/*10�U�\

A G+*30�lF@ ¦f0�<H)T).<�*10 U3��*30�7y@�*1#&%�\�=�Ö1Ö�ÎA\-�C08"$0`).<HZA)fU(<H%F<0 UV<0�8<C-/0c#&"AU�*128"$0(7�)TG.'�8H).-9"$0(7\;Ôg0�Z P a ��� gK�,@±¨`)+*10VW�"1G+U±@F!�¦�\¨A)+*10VW�"3G+U�\

��*3G+UV<0`)�@F!�2/*3-9G.<1\X=Ö$Ö�Î`\�§C-/7T8H"$'(G.7T<�)TG.<<*$U�ðg"$-90�-90(6&61G+*1#&#e*,G.7\�!�2/*1'�7KG.<%F"3GT)X0VG�\ Ï$ÖV@F 0�-9Õ�<^G.7T-9)sd_"1W�).](<>¨(*$*,G.2/*10 U±@F¨V*$*,G.D(G��'(8^l�<H0{\

�XG."$7��1@ X *3G.D�*3G+*m*30 U«!�*30 U(*18<>¨A-hUV0�<HG�\b=Ö$Ö1×V\S 2/*10(7fWM"1GXU(-97T8"1'(G.7T<$\�Ôg0 S ](-92/-9%�!�"1]�<0�@r$<HGTGTd�Bc"1G.6�*30{@ *10 U�Bi*3GT).] * S "$292/*18+l±@<�U(-®)."1G.7@�f+x�êsu^x(êpë¥ì1x�t�ëMx�d;ì�\�\ËwVx(ë¥y.é1êpë¥ì1x(\BcÔ�÷ S G.<H7T7@±!�*1#ËD(G.-/U(61<�Bi¦>@(% *36$<7(=,Îä!�q(\

��*3]�0�@ F U("(@9@�*,)³ðT*#Bi*3G.l$<HGT)�@ *30 U�Bc-/8+] *3<2¨A)TG.'�DF<1\b=�Ö$Ö1?V\�¦ 8"10�8<H%().' *32�G.<*17T"$0(-90�6*1%�%VG."�*38^]c)."Ë).<HZA).' *12±<2929-9%�7T-97\�Ôg0j N�ì�y^u.u]þ1ë�x!b1tËì�ý�êlk�u$h��^}�����w9N�ì^ç(uTé1xd;ì1x�ý�uONTu^xFy+uEì1x P N^êpë o�yHë¥é$è�f+x�êsuHè�è ëtb`u^xFy+u^@% *161<7R]$Îq`ä9]1Î1?V@ X ' U(*1%F<7�)�@w�C'�0(6�*,GTd`\

��*,G+UV)�@(§�*10�\b=�Ö1Ö�`A\�:C%a<2929-/%(7T-97C*30 U8"$0`).<HZA).' *32{-90`).<HG.%VG.<H)+*3).-9"$0�\�Ôg0 j N�ì�y^u.u]þ1ë�x!b1tì�ýnf+x�êsuON+xFé1êpë¥ì3xFé$è�d;ì3x�ý�uONTu^xFy+uEì1xd;ì�\Cç wAê�é1êpëpì1xFé$è�a�ë�x!b1wVëMt+êpëpyHt x dMT�a0f�m$� � g��~z,@% *161<7Xå$×$å�äAå1×$ÖV@ B�*10`).<7\

��*,G+UV)�@(§�*10�\b=�Ö1Ö$ÖV\�§CdV0 *3#&-98C-90`).<HG.%(G.<H)+*,).-9"$0"1W�Õ�<HG.Da%�]VG+*17T<�<2929-9%�7T-97\ya[ë�xKb1wAë�t.êpë¥yHt�é1xwþj kAë�è9ì1t^ì^ç kK�3@�`�`K_9=�Ï$Î�ä9`�`A=1\

�C<H2/29#e*30{@ !�](G.-97�).-90 *&*10�U"@�*,G.- A G+*3'(G.'�U�\�=Ö$Ö$?A\j N�ì�y^u.u]þ1ë�x!b1tËì�ý�êlk�u f+xwþ3ë P x é�uiì�N�v3t�k(ì^çzì1xf+xwþ1ë�NTuTyHê P xFé^ç9k(ì�NTé3\ F 0�-9Õ�<HG.7T-®)gde"3W45*10(8�*17�).<^G�@ F @m\

�C"1D�D(7@�r$<^GTGTd`\b=�Ö$Ïq]A\-�C0`)."$29"$61-/8*12%(G."$#&-97T8'(-®)gd`\[Ôs0 j NTì�y+u.u½þ3ë�xKb1tËì�ý�êlk�u���| ���P x�x�w(é$è��Üu.u^êpë�xKb_ì�ý�êlk�u P t.tHì�yHëpé1êpë¥ì1xBýì�Nd;ì�\Cç wAê�é1êpëpì1xFé$è�a�ë�x!b1wVëMt+êpëpyHt+@(% *36$<7X?V=+äA?1ÖV@S *129"e¦X2®)."(@ !�¦>\�Bc"1G.6$*10�@�*3'(W�#e*30�0�\

�X"$D�D(7@�r1<HGTGTd`\b=�Ö1Ö$×V\-a�ëMêsuONTé1êpwKN.umé3xwþd;ìcb1x�ë�êpëpì1x�\�!�<0`).<HGKW�"3GK).]�<�¨`).' UVde"3W45*30�6$'�*161<Ë*30 U_Ôg0(WM"1G.#e*,).-/"10{@ ¨A)+*30(W�"3G+U«!�¦>\!b¨(4�Ô�4{<H8H).'(G.<�BX"1).<7KBC"V\�``=$\

�X"$D�D(7@�r1<HGTGTd`@wBi*3G.lc¨A).-98^l$<2p@ S *3'�20Bi*3GT).-90{@*10�Ua§�"1'�6$2/*37CY;UVn�*3G+U(7\K=Ö$Ö$åA\Ôg0`).<HG.%VG.<H)+*3).-9"$0c*17f*1D±UV'�8H).-9"10{\ P N^êpë o�yHë¥é$èf+x�êsuHè�è ëtb`u^xFy+u^@ ?1å(o�=^r�`1qO_ ?$Ö,ä�=~�`A\

�X"`8^l�<H0�#e*1-9<HG�@ r$'(29-h*A@���*30�0 X -9<HG.0(<HG�@F*30 Ur�*17T"10 X *12/UAG.-hUV6$<$\H÷5"e*3%�%F<�*,G�\ S G.",ÕA-/U(-90�6G."$D('�7�).0�<H7T7KWM"1GX*E88H6&7�d(7�).<H#i\MYAì1wKN^x é$è�ì�ýa�é1x!b1w(é?b`uEé1x�þ�d;ì�\Xç wAê�é1êpë¥ì1x(\

Ôs7.*3G+U�@ ¨A).<H%�]�<H0{\�=Ö�Îq]`\b!�]�*10(6$-90�6E).](<�8"10A).<^ZV)�\Ôg0cY�UAnb*3G+U"@�<<0 *30{@(<�U(-®)."3G�@��5ì�NO\mé$èZ±uO\mé1x�êpë¥yHt�ì�ý[m�é1êpwKNTé1è�a5é1x!b1w(é?b`u^\!�*1#ËD(G.-/U(61< F 0(-/Õ$<HG.7T-®)gd S G.<H7T7@±!�*1#ËD(G.-/U(61<$@Y;0(6$2/*10�U�@(% *36$<7R`1Ï$Î�ä9`3Ö$?A\

r�*d`<{�$@�r$*18?�`'�<H7C*30 Ui!�"3G.-90�0�< C "$7T7.*,G.-p\X=Ö$Ö$Ï1*V\S G+*36$#e*,).-/8�8H"$0�0(<8H).-9Õ�<7f*37f%VG.<�U(-98�*,).<7\;Ôg0S *3)TG.-98+li¨V*1-90`)Trs§C-p�H-/<^G�@�<�UV-®)."1G�@ j NTu½þ3ë¥y.é1êpë�e1uZ�êSN+w(yHêpw9NTu^t�ë�x�m�é1êpwKN�é$è�a5é3xKb1w(é?b`uEé1x�þa�uTæ1ë¥y.é$è���xFì� Kè/u]þ?b`uR¡Xé1tHu^t.\�@�29'`n�<HG¦X8�*1U(<#&-98 S G.<7T7@�§�"1G+UAG.<8^]`)�@V% *36$<7å$×1?,äAå��×A\

r�*d`<{�$@�r$*18?�`'�<H7C*30 Ui!�"3G.-90�0�< C "$7T7.*,G.-p\X=Ö$Ö$Ï3D{\÷�]�<�7T<#e*30`).-/8H7b"1W�%(G+*36$#e*,).-/8�8H"$0�0(<8H).-9Õ�<7-90a)+*169_w÷�](<�WMG.<0(8^]"þ�ì1xFyK<HZ(*1#&%(29<$\[Ôg0c¦X0(0�<¦XDF<-9292H¢<�*10�U��Xn�<0 C *3#EDF"�n�@V<�U(-®)."3G.7@j N�ì�y+u+u]þ1ëMxKb1tËì�ý�êlk�u � P �[£���d;ì1x�ý�uONTu^xFy+u^\!b¨(4�Ô S '�D�29-98�*,).-/"10�7@�¨`)+*10VW�"1G+Uc!�¦>\

r$"17T]�-p@F¦KG+*�ÕV-90�U�\b=�Ö1Ï�Î`\�¦f0a-90`)TG."AU('(8H).-9"$0c)."÷{G.<<�¦XU�ð�"1-90�-90�6#�XG+*3#&#e*3G�\�Ôs0i¦X29<HZV-97Bi*10�*17�).<HGTr C *1#&<HG�@(<�U(-®)."3G�@��­é3êlk�uO\&é1êpëpyHt>ì�ýa5é1x!b1w�é~b`u^\�r$"$](0 X <H0rðT*3#&-90�7@F¦f#&7�).<HG+U�*3#i@% *36$<7fÏ�Îä =1=~(\

r$"17T]�-p@F¦KG+*�ÕV-90�Uc*10�U"@m\(:C- ðT*dArg¨V]�*10�l$<HG�\�`1×1×V=1\!�"$#&%F"17T-9).-9"10 *12{7T<#e*10`).-987bnK-®).]i29<HZV-98�*129-t�<�U)TG.<<Hrs*$Uyð�"1-/0(-90�6&61G+*3#&#e*3G�o¥4¢÷�¦��qO_ �C"�n#E'(8^]_'�0�U(<HG.7T%F<8H-t��8�*3).-9"10i-97f0(<8<7T7.*,GTdw¤«Ôs0��*,GTGTd X '�0`)�@ C <-90(] *3G+U"Bc'�7Tl$<0�7@�*10�UcY�2/-/*37÷�]�- ð�7T7T<1@F<�U(-®)."3G.7@Wd;ì�\Xç wAêpë�xKb��ÜuTé1x�ëMxKbx^¥ ì1è w9\&u��?z�@(% *36$<7�=~�Î�ä =?$åA\�@�2/'`n�<HG�\

r$'VG+*3WM7TlAd`@(§�*30i*10�U�r�*3#&<7nBi*3GT).-90{\�`1×1×$×A\Z$ç(u.uTyHkÒé1x�þ�a{é1xKb1w(é?b`u j NTì�y+u^t.t.ë�xKb1\S G.<H0A).-98<^r¦�C*1292p@FY�0�612/<^n�"`"AU�!�29-¨§±7XBRr(\

@�*3#&%{@9��*30�7K*10�U F n�< C <HdV2/<1\b=�Ö$Ö1åV\-�6NTì�\V�ë�t^y.ì1wKN+tu�ê�ì�a5ìcb1ëpyH\W@�29'`n�<^G�@�§�"3G+UVG.<8+]`)B�4�\

@�<](29<HG�@ ¦f0 UAG.<Hn�\W`1×1×�`A\�d;ì^k�uONTu^xFy+uOiLfu&ýuON.u^xFy+uEé3xwþ&êlk�u � k�uTì�NH�aì�ý$�-NTé�\�\&é�N^\!b¨(4�Ô S '�D�29-98�*,).-/"10�7\

@�-9D�D(29<$@ C -98^]�*3G+U±\b=�Ö$Öq]A\-Bc"AU�*32-90�7T'�DF"3G+U(-90 *,).-9"$0{\;Ôs0��-\Cç ë�N+ë¥y.é$è�f+t.t+w�u^t�ëMx�5ì�NH\&é$è6Zw�3x�ê�é�æaé1xwþ%Z±uO\mé1x�êpë¥yHtci�Z±uHè/uTyHêsu]þj é+ç(uON^t�ýHNTì�\ êlk(u#d;ì$è�è9ì�vHw�u®þ`u[Zw�3x�ê�é�æ`uEu^ê´þ`uZ�í uO\mé1x�êpëpvHw u¤þ`u j é�N+ë�t.\�%�*161<7CåA=,ÎäAå$åq`A\

@�0("1)T)�@�¦X29-97�)+*1-®G�\K=�Ö$Ö1?V\ P V>é1ê�é � þ�N+ë�e1u^x�Üu^êlk(ì�þ�ì1è9ìcb��ÅýHì�NR�­ì1êpë�e3é3êpë�xKb_é#ZFu^êbì�ýd;ì^k�uONTu^xFy+u LKuHè9é1êpë¥ì1x(t+\ S ]{\ §E\A).]�<7T-97@

µ-Î

Page 43: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

§�<% *,GT).#&<0`)b"1W;¦KGT).-¨� 8-/*12�Ôg0`).<2929-96$<0(8<$@F 0�-9Õ�<^G.7T-9)sd_"1W�Y;U(-90AD�'VG.6$]{\

@�0�"3)T)�@ ¦f29-/7�)+*3-®G�*30 Ui!�]VG.-97RBc<H2/29-97T]{\f=�Ö1Ö$?A\�¦W�<�*,).'(G.<Hr�D *37T<�Ui*388"$'(0`)X"3W[).]�<CG.<H2h*,).-9"$0�77T-/610 *32/29<�UiD`d_7T<0`).<0(8<�*10�Ua82/*1'(7T<8"$0(0�<8H).-9Õ�<H7\-a{é1xKb1w(é?b`uEé3xwþ%Z$ç(u.uTyHkA@å$Ö(o�`�rså�qO_9=~$å,ä =Ï$åA\

@�0�"3)T)�@ ¦f29-/7�)+*3-®G�@�r$"10��CDF<HG.2/*10�U(<HG�@�Bc-98^l��G §C"$0�0(<292p@ *30 U«!�]VG.-/7nBc<2929-97T]{\-`1×1×V=$\X <Hd`"10 Uc<2/*3DF"1G+*3).-9"10E_w÷�](<�-90A).<^G+*18H).-9"$0c"1WG.<2/*3).-9"$0(7C*30 UaWM"`8'�7K-90i8"1]�<HG.<0`)b).<HZA)�\�Ôs0÷ ¨V*10�U(<HG.7@wre¨V8+]�-929%F<HG."`"1G+U±@F*30 Uj ¨V%F"`"1G.<H0{@(<�U(-®)."1G.7@ � uTæ1ê�LKusç�NTu^tu^x(ê�é1êpë¥ì1x��a�ë�x!b1wVëMt+êpëpyEé1x�þ j tc��yHk(ì1è ë�xKb1wAë�t.êpë¥y P t¥ç(uTyHêpt+\r$"$](0 X <0�ðT*1#&-90(7 S '�D(29-/7T](-90�6(@�% *36$<7=�ÏV=+ä =Ö$?V\

@�"$2929<HG�@ ¦X29<HZ(*10�U(<HGX*10�U"@�G.-97�).-90 *&¨`)TG.-9<6$0(-9)c�1\`1×$×q`A\-�C<0�<^G+*3).-9"$0�*37XUV<%F<0�U(<0(8Hde% *,G.7T-/0(6(\Ôg0 j N�ì�y^u.u]þ1ë�x!b1t>ì�ýCêlk�uy��� }S� P x(x�w(é$è��Üu.u^êpë�xKbì�ý�êlk�u P t+t^ì�yHë¥é3êpë¥ì1xBýì�N$d;ì�\Xç wAê�é1êpë¥ì1x é$èa�ë�x!b1wVëMt+êpëpyHt+@V%�*16$<H7C=,Îä9`�V@ S ]�-92/*$UV<29%�](-h* S ¦>\

@�G.'�- ð¦§Fr¦@�"3G.D *d`",Õ�¢*V@(ÔgÕ1*10�*E*10�U X "10�0(-/<jz<D(DF<HG�\W`1×1×V=�*A\b!�"10�8<H7T7T-/"10{@F-9#&%(2/-98�*,).'(G.<*10 Uc*12®).<HG.0 *,).-9Õ�<�7T<H).7\;Ôg0��5ì1wKN^êlkf+x�êsuON+xFé1êpë¥ì3xFé$èRucì�N�v3t�k(ì^çRì3xd;ì�\Cç wAê�é1êpëpì1xFé$èEZ±uO\&é3x�êpë¥yHt.@w÷�-929D�'VG.6(@�÷�]�<BC<H).](<HG.2/*10 UV7\

@�G.'�- ð¦§Fr¦@�"3G.D *d`",Õ�¢*V@(ÔgÕ1*10�*E*10�U X "10�0(-/<jz<D(DF<HG�\W`1×1×V=D�\�Ôs0(WM"1G.#e*3).-9"10c7�)TG.'�8^).'(G.<*10 U_).]�<�7T<#e*30`).-/8H7b"1W(óg"3).]�<HGTnK-97T<�ôV\�Ôs0�MZ ZKa0a0f(í �9���qh�ucì�N�v3t�kVì^çRì1x�f+x�ýì�NH\&é1êpë¥ì3xZ�êSN+w�yHêpwKNTuOiWV�ë�t^y.ì1wKN+tu�Z�êSN+w�yHêpwKNTumé1xwþV�ë�t^y.ì1wKN^tHu�ZFuO\&é1x(êpë¥yHt.@ %�*16$<H7C?A=^äVÎ3ÏV@�C<297T-90�lA-p@ A -90(2h*30 U±\

45*36$<HGTn�<HGTWg@F4{'�'(lF\b=�Ö$Ö1ÏV\�d;é1wAt^é$è�d;ì3x�x±uTyHêpë�e1u^tk(é�e1u j N.u^t.w,ç�çVì1t.ë�êpë¥ì3x�t.\-�X"$292/*10 Uc¦X8�*1U(<#&-98�XG+*1%�](-987@w÷�](< ��*161'�<$@�÷�]�<�BX<H).]�<^G.2h*30 UV7\S ](§m÷�]�<7T-97@�!�*,).]�"12/-98 F 0(-9Õ�<HG.7T-®)gde"3WX G+*1D�*10`)�\

4{<HÕV-90(7T"$0{@ ¨A).<H%�]�<H0{\W`1×1×$×A\ j N.u^t.wK\Cç êpële1u�ÜuTé1x�ë�x!b1t{� � k�u�êlk�uTì�NH�cì�ýnb`u^xFuONTé$è ët©3u]þy+ì3xwe1uON+tHé3êpë¥ì1xFé1è�ë�\CçFè ëpy+é3êpw9NTu^\�BcÔ�÷ S G.<H7T7@!�*1#EDVG.-/U(6$<�Bi¦�\

4{'(%F<HGTW�"�d`@ ¨V'(7.*10�0�\b=�Ö1Ö�`A\«÷�]�<XG.<%(G.<7T<H0A)+*,).-9"$0"1W�#E'(2®).-/#&"AU(*12F'(7T<HGf-/0`).<HGTW�*18<>UV-h*329"$6$'(<7'�7T-90�6&UV-97T8"$'VG.7T<>%F<H6$7\;Ôg0 j N�ì�y^u.u]þ1ë�x!b1tËì�ýêlk�u�|K�3êlk P x�x�w(é$è��Üu.u^êpë�xKb_ì�ý�êlk�uP t.t^ì�yHë¥é1êpë¥ì3x7ýì�N%d;ì�\Cç wAê�é1êpëpì1xFé$è�a�ë�x!b1wAë�t.êpë¥yHtx P dEa�z�@ % *36$<7n`�`�äAåA=$@ F 0�-9Õ�<HG.7T-®)sda"3W§�<2/*nb*3G.<1@FBC<Hn�*3G.le§�Yb\

Bi*10(0{@(jk-92/29-/*1# *30 Ui¨V*10�UVG+*B÷�]("$#&%(7T"$0{\=�Ö$Ï1ÏV\ C ](<H)."1G.-98�*3257�)TG.'(8H).'(G.<C).](<"1GTd�_÷5"�nb*3G+U«*>W�'�0(8H).-9"$0�*12±).]�<"3GTda"3W[).<HZA)"1G.6�*30�-t��*,).-/"10{\ � uTæ1êp@FÏVo¥å�qO_ `�$å,ä9`3ÏV=1\

Bi*3G.8H'{@ §�*10�-9<2p\K=�Ö1Ö$ÖA\�Ôs0�7�)TG.'�8^).-/"10�7�WM"1G#e*10A' *32/2®da*10(0�"3)+*3).-90�6E).](<�U(-97T8"1'(G.7T<7�)TG.'�8H).'VG.<�"1W�).<HZA).7\;¦fÕ$*3-/2/*3D�29<�WMG."1#]A)T).%6_ ªqª,nbnbn�\ -97T-p\ <�U('�ªK«#e*,G.8'{\

Bc"AU�ðg<7Tl1*V@FBC*3)+*129-/*EBfd(63G.<0{\W`3×$×A=$\«÷5"�nb*3G+UV7C*G.<7T"$29'().-9"10«"1W[8"1#&% *,G+*3).-9Õ�<�*10�*1%(]�"1G+*K_ ¦

8"1G.%('�7K7�).' UAde"1WMG "1).](<HG?G9\;Ôg0 j P j P dMT�a�@Ôs)+*329d`\

Bc"AUyð�<7Tl1*V@�B�*3)+*329-h*mBfdV61G.<0�\W`1×$×q`A\�4{<HZV-98�*32*10�Ua61G+*3#&#e*3).-98�*32�G."12/<�8"10�7�)TG+*3-/0`).7K-90G.<7T"$29ÕA-90�6�ì1êlk(uONsrs*10�*1%(]�"1G+*A\�Ôs0 j NTì�y+u.u]þ1ë�xKb1tì�ý�êlk�u V�ë�t^y+ì3w9N+tHu P x é^ç k(ì�N�éié1x�þ P x é^ç k(ì�NLfu^t^ì$è wAêpë¥ì3x�d;ì1è�è9ì�vHwAë�wK\E@�4{-97TDF"$0�@ S "3GT).'�6�*32p\

Bc"`<0(7@�Bi*,G.8Ë*30 U�Bi*3G.lc¨A).<<�UV#e*10�\�=�Ö1Ï$ÏV\÷5<#&%F"3G+*12�"$0`)."$29"$63di*30 Ue).<#&%F"1G+*32G.<HW�<^G.<0�8<1\�d;ì�\Cç wAê�é1êpë¥ì3xFé$è�a[ë�xKb1wAë�t.êpë¥yHt.@=~9_/=?]�äK`1ÏV\

Bc"`"3G.<$@�r$"1] *10(0 *m*30 U�Bi*3GT).] * S "$292/*18+l±\f=�Ö1Ö�``\¦ %VG."$D�29<# WM"1G C ¨;÷R_�÷�]�<�0�<H<�U_WM"1G#E'(29).-®r�29<Õ�<2�UV-/7T8H"$'�7T<�*30 *329dV7T-97\d;ì�\Cç�wVê�é3êpë¥ì1xFé1è�a�ëMxKb1wAë�t.êpë¥yHt.@5=Ï(oS`qO_ ]3å�Î�äK]��(\

Bc"17T<HG�@�Bc<6$*10�*30 U�r1"$] *30�0�*%Bc"`"1G.<$\f=�Ö1Ö�]`\Ôg0AÕ�<7�).-96$*3).-90�6m8H'�<�7T<29<8^).-/"10�*10�Uc%�2/*18H<#&<0`)-90c).'()."3G.-h*325UV-97T8"$'VG.7T<$\;Ôg0 j NTì�y^¬�|�|qN�þP x�x(w�é1è��Üu.u^êpë�x!b�i P t.t^ì�yHë¥é1êpë¥ì1xBýì�Nd;ì�\Cç�wVê�é3êpë¥ì1xFé1è�a�ëMxKb1wAë�t.êpë¥yHt.@ %�*16$<H7=�å1×,ä =å�]`@EBcÔ�÷C@ X "$7�)."10+Bi¦>\

Bc"17T<HG�@�Bc<6$*10�*30 U�r1"$] *30�0�*%Bc"`"1G.<$\f=�Ö1Ö$?A\÷5"�nb*,G+Ui*E7�dV0`).]�<7T-97K"1W�)sn�"&*388"1'�0`).7K"1WU(-97T8"1'(G.7T<�7�)TG.'�8^).'(G.<$\�d;ì�\Xç wAê�é1êpë¥ì1x é$èa�ë�x!b1wAë�t.êpë¥yHt.@�`q`Ao¥å�qO_ �×1Ö,ä�(=�ÖA\

BX"1)�@�Y;29<0�*V@F4�'�8-/*7÷{"3Õ$<0 *A@ *30 U�Bi*37T7T-9#&"­ *30�8�*30 *,G."(\K=�Ö1Ö$ÖV\ S "$7T-®).-90�6e*30 UaG.<H7T"$29ÕA-/0(6D(G.-/U(61-90�6&*30 *1%(]�"3G+*E-90«U(<Õ$<HG.D *32�0(%�7\�Ôs0P dEa>í gqg�ucì�N�v3t�k(ì^çRì3xÒêlk(u[LKuHè9é1êpë¥ì1x(t�k`ë ç¡Cu^êS �u.u^x�V�ë�t^y+ì3w9N+tHu�®9V�ëpé$è9ìcb1w�u�Z�êSN+w(yHêpw9NTué1xwþ�LKu&ý�uON.u^x y^u^@F!�"$2929<6$< S *3G.l�Bc§E\

S *,GT).<<$@ X *3G.D *,G+*V\K=�Ö1Ï�V\�BX"$#&-90 *325*30 U).<#&%F"1G+*32�*10 *3%�]("1G+*V\�a[ë�xKb1wAë�t.êpë¥yHt>é1x�þj k`ëpè9ì1t^ì^ç kK�3@±ÎAo¥å�qO_ `1Ï$Î�ä`å�`�V\

S "12h*30`d(-p@ 4{-9ÕA-h*E*10 U�Bi*3GT).-90��>\�Õ1*10cU(<0 X <HG.6(\=�Ö1Ö$?V\�§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<�7�)TG.'�8^).'(G.<�*10�UcUV-/7T8H"$'(G.7T<-90A).<^G.%(G.<H)+*,).-/"10{\;Ôg0 S \(§C<lAl�<HGf*10�UB­\F¨`)."$lA]�"3Wg@(<�U(-®)."3G.7@ j NTì�y+u.u½þ3ë�xKb1tËì�ý�êlk�u� u^x�êlk P \Et.êsuON�þ�é�\¯d;ì$è�è9ì�vHwAë�wK\E@(% *36$<7=$=å,ä =åV=1@ F 0�-9Õ�<^G.7T-9)sde"1W;¦f#&7�).<HG+U�*3#i\

S G.-90�8<$@ Y;2929<0�\f=Ö$Öq`A\«÷�]�< �%(6E29<H)T).<HG?_¨V'(D¢ðg<8H).7@�U(<{��0�-®).<0�<H7T7X*30 U-90(W�"3G.#e*3).-9"$0Vr�7�)+*3).'�7\;Ôs0«¨V'(7.*10�÷�]�"$#&%(7T"$0*10�U_jk-92929-h*3#°Bi*10�0�@ <�UV-®)."1G.7@�V�ë�t^y.ì1wKN^tHuVËu^t^y{N+ë ç êpë¥ì1x��0V�ë�e1uON+tu P xFé$è �3tHu^t�ì�ý�é��wAxwþ�N�é1ë�t.ë�x!b � uTæ1êp\�r1"$]�0 X <0�ðT*1#&-90(7@¦X#&7�).<HG+U(*1#3ª S ](-/2/*1U(<29%�](-/*V@V% *36$<7R`1Öq]�äAåq`q]`\

±C'(-9G.lF@ C *10 UV"$29%�]�@F¨A-/U(0�<^d"�XG.<<0AD *3'�#i@�C<"�§FG.<^di4�<<8+]{@�*10 U"r�*10«¨VÕ1*3GT).-9lF\b=�Ö�Î�`A\ P�-NTé�\�\&é�N>ì�ý#d;ì3x�êsuO\CçVì�NTé�NH���bx!b$è ë�t�kA\4{"10�6$#e*30{@9��*,G.29",n�\

¨A8^]�*V@ C <#&l$"E*30 Uc4�-9ÕV-/* S "12/*10`dV-¥\K=Ö$Ï$ÏA\�¦f0*1'(6$#&<0`).<�Ue8"$0`).<HZA)bWhG.<<�61G+*1#&#e*,GbW�"3GU(-97T8"1'(G.7T<$\;Ôg0 j N�ì�y+u+u]þ1ëMxKb1tËì�ý�êlk�u>=?` }S�f+x�êsuON+xFé1êpëpì1xFé$èWd;ì1x�ý�uONTu^xFy+uEì1xd;ì�\Cç�wVê�é3êpë¥ì1xFé1è�a�ëMxKb1wAë�t.êpë¥yHt x dMT�aDf�m��&í ²q²{z�@% *36$<7n]$Î3å,äK]$Î$Î`@ X ' U(*1%F<7�)�@ �C'(0�6$*3GTd±@¦X'(6$'�7�)�\

µ(�

Page 44: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

!�"$#&%('()+*,).-/"10 *3254�-/0(6$'(-/7�).-987 :;"$29'�#&<>=�?A@ BC'(#EDF<HGC=

¨V8+]�-92/U(<^G�@ A G+*30�lF\b=�Ö1Ö�Î3*V\«÷5"�nb*3G+UV7C*>).]�<"3GTda"3WU(-97T8"$'VG.7T<�%(G."`8<7T7T-90(6Eä%³F*37T]VD�*18+le7T<?�`'�<0(8<7U(<7T8HG.-9DF<�UaDAd_§Cr¥)TG.<<H7\�Ôg0 j NTì�y+u.u]þ1ë�x!b1tEì�ýêlk�u[�5ì�NH\&é1è��-N�é�\�\mé�N#d;ì1x�ýuON.u^xFy+ux �-ZwZ!a0a0f(í gK�Hz�@F¦f-®ZVr�<0Vr S G.",Õ�<0(8<$@ A G+*30�8<1@¦X'�61'�7�)�\

¨V8+]�-92/U(<^G�@ A G+*30�lF\b=�Ö1Ö�Î,D{\«÷{G.<<�U(-97T8"1'(G.7T<61G+*1#&#e*,G�@V"1Gf]�"�n )."m6$<^)C*,)T)+*18+]�<�U_)."&*U(-97T8"$'VG.7T<$\�Ôg0 j NTì�y+u.u]þ1ë�x!b1t>ì�ý�êlk(u�Z±uTy.ì1x�þf+x�êsuON+xFé1êpë¥ì3xFé$èRucì�N�v3t�k(ì^çRì3xd;ì�\Cç wAê�é1êpëpì1xFé$èEZ±uO\&é3x�êpë¥yHt.@w÷�-929D�'VG.6(@BC<H).](<HG.2/*10 UV7@�r$*10A' *,GTd`\

¨A).<H<�U(#e*30{@wBi*3G.lF\K=�Ö1Ö$?V\Z�wKN)ýé�y+u�Z(êSN^w(yHêpwKN.ué1xwþ�f+x�êsuON�ç�N.u^ê�é3êpë¥ì1x�\�4{-90�61'�-97�).-98�Ôg0��`'(-9GTdBc"$0�"161G+*3%�]�å$×A@�BcÔ�÷ S G.<7T7@F!�*1#EDVG.-/U(6$<Bi¦>\

¨A).<H<�U(#e*30{@wBi*3G.lF\�`1×1×$×$*A\�Ôs0(WM"1G.#e*3).-9"107�)TG.'�8H).'VG.<�*10 Ue).]�<�7�dV0`)+*3ZAr�%�]("$0("$29"$63d-/0`).<HGTW�*18<1\Ma[ë�xKb1wAë�t.êpë¥y[f+xFvHwAë�NH�1@�å�9_ ?��Ö�äA?$Ï1ÖV\

¨A).<H<�U(#e*30{@wBi*3G.lF\�`1×1×$×1D�\ � k�u�Z �1x(ê�é�yHêpë¥yj N�ì�y^u^t.t.\yBcÔ�÷ S G.<7T7@F!�*1#ËD(G.-/U(61<�Bi¦>\

¨A)."1lA]�"1Ws@�Bi*,GT).-90�*10 U"r$<HG."`<0+�XG."`<H0�<0�U(- ð�lF\=�Ö$Ö1ÖV\�§CdV0 *3#&-/8C7T<#e*10`).-987\�Ôg0 C "1DF<HGT)jk-92/7T"10�*10�U A G+*30�l#@�<-92p@ <�UV-9)."3G.7@���f ��bx y{��yè9ì^ç(u]þ1ëpécì�ý$d;ìcb1x�ëMêpë�e1u�Z yHë�u^xFy+u^@!�*1#EDVG.-/U(6$<�Bi¦�\�BcÔ�÷ S G.<7T7\

¨A)."10�<$@�Bi*3)T).](<Hn�@±!�]VG.-97�).-/0(<�§�"1G+*30{@ X "$0(0�-9<jz<D(DF<HG�@�÷{"$0�-/* X 2/<*1#i@�*10 U�Bi*3GT).] *S *129#&<HG�\�`1×1×V=$\-Bc-98HG."$%(2/*10�0(-90�6mWMG."1#8"$#&#Ë'�0�-98�*,).-9Õ�<C-90`).<0`).-9"$0�7~_ ¨V<H0A).<H0�8<%�2/*10(0�-90�6m'(7T-90�6&UV<7T8HG.-9%().-9"$0(7�o�¨ S�F §�q^\÷5<8+]�0�-98�*32 C <%F"1GT) CMF !b!b¨R÷ C ?$ÏA@§�<% *,GT).#&<0`)b"1W�!�"16$0(-9).-9Õ�<>¨A8-9<0�8H<$@ C '().61<HG.7F 0�-9Õ�<^G.7T-9)sd`\

¨A)."10�<$@�Bi*3)T).](<Hn *10 U_§�*10(-9<2E�C*3G+UA)�\b=�Ö$Ö1ÖV\§CdV0 *1#&-98�UV-97T8"$'VG.7T<�G.<HW�<HG.<H0A).7bWM"1Gf).<0�7T<�*30 U#&"AU�*1297\;Ôg0"��*,GTGTd X '�0`)�@V<�U(-®)."1G�@d;ì�\Cç wAê�é1êpëpì1xFé$èEZ±uO\&é3x�êpë¥yHt.\�@�29'`n�<^G�@�%�*16$<H7`1Ï�Îä9`3Ö$ÖV\

¨A)TG.'(DF<$@�Bc-/8+] *3<2p\K=�Ö$Ö1ÏV\�BC<Õ$<HGK29"`"$lcD�*18+l�_�¦f0*12®).<HG.0 *,).-9Õ�<�)."m8<0`).<HG.-90(6(\;Ôg0 j N�ì�y^u.u]þ1ë�x!b1tcidMT�aDf�m���® P dEa�í g�²1@(% *36$<7�=^`�]A=^ä�=^`�]$ÎA@Bc"$0`)TG.<�*12p@F!�*10 *1U�*A\

÷{G+*3'�6$"3)T)�@FY�29-p�*1DF<H).]�\f=Ö$Öq]A\«÷�]�<�G."$29<�"1W5).]�<U(<Õ�<H2/"1%�#&<0`)b"3W;U(-97T8"1'(G.7T<�#e*3G.l$<HG.7b-90«*).]�<"3GTdc"3W[61G+*3#&#e*3).-98�*129-t��*,).-/"10{\ S G.<H7T<0`).<�U*3)fÔT!��C4�´CÔTÔ+@�Bi*30�8+]�<7�).<^G�\�:;<HG.7T-9"$0i"3W=$=^ª3Ö�Î&*�Õ$*3-92h*3D�29<>*3)]A)T).%6_ ªqª,nbnbn�\ 7�)+*30(W�"3G+U�\ <�UV'�ªm)TG+*1'�61"1)T)Oª,<8H)Tr% *1%F<^G.7T"$0�29-90�<1\ ]`).#&2p\

÷{G+*3'�6$"3)T)�@FY�29-p�*1DF<H).]�\f=Ö$Ö$ÎA\«÷�]�<�U(-97T8"1'(G.7T<8"$0(0�<8H).-9Õ�<�*,WM).<HGX*32/2 _�¦ ]�-97�)."3G.-/8*12%(G+*161#e*3).-98�*18H8"$'(0A)�\ S G.<7T<0`).<�Ua*3)fÔT!�4�@S *3G.-97\F¦fÕ$*3-/2/*3D�29<�*3)]A)T).%6_ ªqª,nbnbn�\ 7�)+*30(W�"3G+U�\ <�UV'�ªm)TG+*1'�61"1)T)Oª,<8H)Tr% *1%F<^G.7T"$0�29-90�<1\ ]`).#&2p\

Õ1*10iUV<0 X <HG.6(@�Bi*3GT).-90��Ë\b=Ö$Ö$?A\�§C-/7T8H"$'(G.7T<61G+*1#&#e*,GK*10�UcUAd(0�*1#&-98C29"16$-98$\;Ôg0 S \V§�<HlVl$<HG*10 U�B­\F¨`)."$lA]�"3Wg@(<�U(-®)."1G.7@ j NTì�y+u.u½þ3ë�xKb1tËì�ý

êlk�u � u^x�êlk P \Ët.êsuON]þ�é�\¯d;ì$è�è9ì�vHwAë�wK\Ë@(%�*161<7Ö$å�ä =$=1=$@FÔg4545!Mª3§�<%�*3GT).#&<0`)K"3W S ](-92/"17T"$%(]Ad`@F 0(-/Õ$<HG.7T-®)gd_"1W�¦f#&7�).<HG+U�*3#i\

Õ1*10cY;- ð�8+lF@�r�*30«*10�U"�C*10�7y@�*3#&%{\�=Ö$Ö�Î`\C <H%(G.<7T<0`).-90�6EU(-97T8"1'(G.7T<�-90c8"10A).<^ZV)�\�Ôs0�r�*30Õ$*30 X <H0A).](<# *30 Ui¦f2/-98<�).<^GnBc<'�29<0�@<�U(-®)."3G.7@6µ�é1xwþ Q ì�ì^v_ì�ýa5ìcb1ë¥yEé3xwþ�a5é1xKb1w(é?b`u^\Y;297T<ÕA-9<HG�¨V8-9<0(8< X \ :>\/@�% *36$<7�=�ÏA=^ä9`3å�Î`\

:;<0 UV-®)T).-¥@ r$<H0�0�-®WM<HG[rV\/@�Bi*3)T).](<Hn ¨A)."$0(<$@S G.<H<H).] *3# B�*10�U�*A@ *30 U S *3'�2p÷5<%(%F<HG�\W`1×1×�`A\§�-97T8"$'VG.7T<�8"$0(7�)TG+*1-90`).7X"10c).]�<-90A).<^G.%(G.<H)+*,).-/"10i"1W�0V'(829<�*3GTrs*388<0`).<�U%(G."10�"$'(0�7\�Ôs0�Zw��\CçVì3t+ëMw9\ ì1x�Z1ç(u+uTyHkj N�ì1t^ì�þ��3\

:;<0 UV29<HG�@ ­ <0("(\K=�Ö1?�Î`\Ma[ë�xKb1wAë�t.êpë¥yHt�ëMxj k`ëpè9ì1t^ì^ç kK�3\�!�"1G.0(<292 F 0(-9Õ�<HG.7T-®)gd S G.<7T7@Ôs).]�*18�*EB¶E\

jÜ<D�DF<HG�@ X "10�0(-/<1\f=Ö$Ï1ÏV\«÷5<0�7T<�*37CUV-97T8"$'VG.7T<*10�*1%�]("1G�\�d;ì�\Xç wAê�é1êpë¥ì1x é$è�a[ë�xKb1wAë�t.êpë¥yHt.@=~(o�`$qO_ ?V=+äVÎ1åA\

jÜ<D�DF<HG�@ X "10�0(-/<1\f=Ö$ÖA=$\�¨A)TG.'�8^).'(G.<�*30 U"$7�).<0(7T-9"$0«-90a).](<�-90A).<^G.%(G.<H)+*,).-/"10i"1WU(-97T8"1'(G.7T<�U(<H-9ZV-97\�a5é1x!b1w�é~b`uEé1xwþ�d;ìcb1x�ëMêpë�e1uj N�ì�y+u^t+tHu^t.@�?(o�`1qO_9=�×�Îä =å�]A\

jÜ<D�DF<HG�@ X "10�0(-/<>*30 U X G.<8^l X *32hUAnK-90{\K=�Ö1Ö�`A\¦X88H"$#&#&"AU�*,).-90�6E8H"$0`).<HZA)K8^]�*10(6$<$\�Ôs0j N�ì�y+u+u]þ1ëMxKb1t>ì�ý�êlk�u |K�3êlk P x(x�w(é$è��Üu.u^êpë�xKb_ì�ýêlk�u P t.t^ì�yHë¥é1êpë¥ì1xBýì�N%d;ì�\Cç wAê�é1êpë¥ì3xFé$èa�ë�x!b1wAë�t.êpë¥yHt x P dEa6z�@ %�*161<7fÖ$?,ä�=�×1åV@F 0(-/Õ$<HG.7T-®)gd_"1W[§C<2/*�n�*3G.<$@�BC<Hn�*3G.l_§�Yb\

jÜ<D�DF<HG�@ X "10�0(-/<>*30 Uc¦KG+*�ÕV-90�U�r$"17T]�-p\K=�Ö$Ö1ÏV\¦X0(8^]("1G.-90�6E*E29<HZV-/8*129-t�<�Uc)TG.<<Hrs*1U�ð�"1-90�-90�661G+*3#&#e*3GbW�"3GXU(-97T8"$'VG.7T<$\�Ôg0/d;ì1è ë�xKb{® P dEauiì�Ncv3t�k(ì^çzì1x�V�ë�t^y.ì1wKN+tu[LfuHè9é1êpëpì1x�t�é3xwþV�ë�t^y.ì1wKN+tu[�­é�N�v�uON^t.@ %�*161<7CÏ1?,ä`Ö�`A@Bc"$0`)TG.<�*32¥@F!�*10�*$U�*A\

jÜ<D�DF<HG�@ X "10�0(-/<1@F¦X29-97�)+*1-®Gn@�0�"3)T)�@�*30 U¦fG+*�ÕA-90 U�r1"$7T]�-p\�`1×1×V=1\MBc'(29).-9%(2/<�UV-97T8"$'VG.7T<8"$0(0�<8^).-/Õ$<7K-/0c*E29<HZV-98�*129-t�<�Ui63G+*1#&#e*3GbWM"1GU(-97T8"1'(G.7T<$\;Ôg0"��*,GTGTd X '�0`)�@ C <-90�]�*3G+UBc'�7Tl�<H0�7@�*10 UaY;29-/*17�÷�]�- ðg7T7T<$@F<�UV-9)."3G.7@d;ì�\Cç�wVêpëMxKb$�­u.é3x�ë�x!b x^¥ ì$è wK\eu��~z,\ @�29'`n�<HG�@% *36$<7n`q`3Ö,äK`��ÖA\

jÜ<D�DF<HG�@ X "10�0(-/<1@F¦X29-97�)+*1-®Gn@�0�"3)T)�@�Bi*,)T).]�<Hn¨A)."10�<$@�*10�Uc¦fG+*�ÕA-90 U"r$"$7T](-¥\K=Ö$Ö$Ö1*V\§�-97T8"$'VG.7T<�G.<2/*3).-9"$0(7~_±¦ 7�)TG.'(8H).'(G+*325*30 U%(G.<7T'(%�%F"17T-9).-9"10 *125*188H"$'�0`)f'�7T-90(6E29<HZV-98�*129-97T<�U÷�¦�Ë\�Ôg0 j N�ì�y^u.u]þ1ë�x!b1tËì�ý�êlk�u�|K· }S��P x(x�w(é$è�Üu.u^êpë�xKb_ì�ý�êlk�u P t.tHì�yHëpé1êpë¥ì1xBýì�Nd;ì�\Cç�wVê�é3êpë¥ì1xFé1è�a�ëMxKb1wAë�t.êpë¥yHt.@ %�*16$<H7nV=^ä!$ÏV@!�"$2929<6$< S *3G.l"Bc§E\

jÜ<D�DF<HG�@ X "10�0(-/<1@F¦X29-97�)+*1-®Gn@�0�"3)T)�@�Bi*,)T).]�<Hn¨A)."10�<$@�*10�Uc¦fG+*�ÕA-90 U"r$"$7T](-¥\K=Ö$Ö$Ö3D{\;jk] *,)*3G.<�29-®)T).29<�)TG.<H<7K#e*$U(<C"1W�_�¦ 7�)TG.'(8H).'(G+*325*30 U%(G.<7T'(%�%F"17T-9).-9"10 *125*188H"$'�0`)f'�7T-90(6E29<HZV-98�*129-97T<�U÷�¦�Ë\�Ôg0 j N�ì�y^u.u]þ1ë�x!b1tËì�ýnf+x�êsuON+xFé1êpë¥ì3xFé$èuiì�Ncv3t�k(ì^çzì1x�a�uOe1uHè t�ì�ýnLKusç�N.u^tHu^x(ê�é1êpë¥ì1xzëMxV�ë�t^y.ì1wKN+tu x aMTWLyf�V�í gqg{z�@�%�*16$<H7�=?]A=+ä =^]3?V@Y�UV-90VD('(G.61]{\

µVµ

Page 45: seq contrast - Penn Engineeringpdtb/papers/ss-rev-webb01.pdf · QRÒ Ãl½X@CTqIÜoJ¸PUY¸ mn@n¸P@ TVUTqI6O*hJBAmnUª¸ h:B6QVTHFHoJ@CB-T!hJBá½XI6odT BAhY?YO7Q!¸gojBáD O*¸PhJBABAO7¸

jz<HD�DF<HGK<H)X*32¥\ ¦f0 *1%(]�"3G+*m*10�Ua§�-97T8"1'(G.7T<>¨A)TG.'(8H).'(G.<

jk-9<DF<$@�r�*10`dV8<$\b=Ö$Ö1åV\�Ôg7T7T'�<H7f-90i29-90�61'�-97�).-987T<6$#&<0`)+*,).-/"10{\;Ôg0.uiì�Ncv3t�k(ì^çzì1xf+x�êsu^x�êpëpì1xFé$è ëMêS�cé3xwþ%Z�êSN+w�yHêpwKNTuËë�x�V�ë�t^y.ì1wKN+tuLfuHè9é1êpëpì1x�tci P t.t^ì�yHë¥é1êpë¥ì3x7ýì�N$d;ì�\Cç�wVê�é3êpë¥ì1xFé1èa�ë�x!b1wVëMt+êpëpyHt+@�% *36$<7�=~$Ï,ä�=^]A=1@E�C]�-9"¨A)+*3).< F 0�-9Õ�<^G.7T-9)sd`\

´÷5¦n�Xr��XG."1'�%{@;÷�](<$\�`1×$×A=$\�¦ 4�<HZV-/8*129-t�<�U÷{G.<<�¦CUyð�"1-/0(-90�6#�XG+*3#&#e*3GbW�"3G�Y�0�6129-/7T]�\÷5<8+]�0�-98�*32 C <%F"1GT)KÔ C !b¨a×A=Hrs×$åA@ F 0(-9Õ�<HG.7T-®)gd"1W S <0(0�7�dV29Õ$*30�-/*V\�¨A<<WM).%E_ ª�ª,WM).%�\ 8-97\ '(%F<0�0�\ <�U('�ª3%�'(D�ª,-9G.8H7Hª,).<8+]�0(-/8*12®rG.<%F"1GT).7Hª3×V=Hrs×1åV\

µ�¹