„Siehst Du mich?“ – „Hörst Du mich?“

Videokonferenzen als Gegenstand kommunikationswissenschaftlicher

Forschung

Essen, 7. November 2002 Olaf A. Schulte, M. A.

2

Téléphonoscope, 1883

Robida 1981: 71

3

Fernseh-Sprechzelle, ca. 1929

Reuter 1990: 211

4

Öffentliche Fernseh-Sprechstelle, ca. 1934

5Dorros 1969: 142

Picturephone Mod 1, 1969

6

7

1. Die Entwicklung der Videokonferenz

2. Das „eye contact dilemma“

3. Effizient und kostengünstig - der „Erfolg“ der

Videokonferenz

4. Die Videokonferenz im intermedialen Vergleich

5. Kommunikationswissenschaftliche Erforschung der

Videokonferenz

„Siehst Du mich?“ – „Hörst Du mich?“Videokonferenzen als Gegenstand

kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Forschung

8

Horizontaler und vertikaler Blickfehlwinkel

Böcker / Mühlbach 1994: 73

9

„The regulatory function of eye-contact may thus be worse than removed, its operation may be reversed. For example, when thinking he is

looking away during an utterance, A may look at the camera; on such occasions B may experience

eye-contact and take it as his turn to speak.”

Short et al. 1976: 55

„The visual channel available in most video systems does not restore eye-contact as a cue; it makes things even worse. The camera cannot be placed exactly in line with the picture of the eyes, so if person A thinks he is looking person B in the eye, he will appear to B to be looking elsewhere

[...]“

10

11

12Dutton 1995: o. S.

„This videophone moved the image of the other person well within the conventional social

distance that Americans are used to maintaining and created an abnormal level of eye contact between the users. [...]. It is uncomfortable.“

13

Confravision (GB), ca. 1974

Short et al.: 7

14

Media Richness

Dennis / Valacich 1999: o. S.

Feedback Symbol Variety Parallelism Rehearsability Reprocessability

Face-to-face high low-high low low lowVideoconference medium-high low-high low low low

Telephone medium low low low lowWritten mail low low-medium high high highVoicemail low low low low-medium highElectronic mail low-medium low-high medium high highElectronic phone("chat")

medium low-medium medium low-medium low-medium

Asynchronous groupware

low low-high high high high

Synchronous groupware

low-medium low-high high medium-high high

15

Videokonferenzstudio (D), ca. 1990

Mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Museums für Kommunikation

16

Technische Parameter

Individuelle Leistungen

Kommunikations-zwecke

Wahrnehmungs- bedingungen

KommunikationsformVideokonferenz

Technische Parameter

Individuelle Leistungen

Wahrnehmungs- bedingungen

Kommunikations-zwecke

Person A

Person B

17

Literatur

Albertson, Lesley A.: Future Teleconference Meetings: Pattern and Prediction. In: Parker, Lorne A.; Olgren, Christine H. (eds.): The Teleconferencing Resource Book. A Guide to Applications and Planning. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford (North Holland Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.) 1984. S. 394-401.

Böcker, Martin; Mühlbach, Lothar: Telepräsenz und Fernlernen. In: Günther, Axel (Hrsg.): Computerbasiertes Training und Fernlernen. TVFF-Bericht. Berlin (Köster) 1994. S. 67 - 78.

Dickson, Edward M.; Bowers, Raymond: The Video Telephone. Impact of a New Era in Telecommunications. A Preliminary Technology Assessment. New York,Washington, London (Praeger Publishers) 1974.

Dorros, Irwin: Picturephone. In: Bell Laboratories Record, Vol. 47. Jg. (1969), H. No. 5, S. 136-141.

Dutton, William H.: Driving into the Future of Communications ? - Check the Rear View Mirror. 1995. Vortragsmanuskript International Conference "The Social Shaping of Information Highways - Comparing the NII and the EU Action Plan", Bremen October 5th - 7th, 1995. http://infosoc.informatik.uni-bremen.de/root/internet/fgtk/nii/Conference/Abstracts/dutton2.html.

Robida, Albert: Le Vingtième Siècle. Genève, Paris (Editions Slatkine) 1981. Short, John; Williams, Ederyn; Christie, Bruce: The Social Psychology of

Telecommunications. London, New York, Sydney u. a. (John Wiley & Sons) 1976.