Sip Umts Ims

8/8/2019 Sip Umts Ims

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n tt nghip i hc Thut ng vit tt

MC LC

THUT NG V T VIT TT ..................................................... ii

DANH SCH HNH V ................................................................................................. viii

M U .............................................................................................................................. 1CHNG 1 ..........................................................................................................................4

GII THIU TNG QUAN V UMTS V IMS .............................................................. 41.1 S lc lch s pht trin ca mng v tuyn .............................. 4

1.2 Gii thiu kin trc ca UMTS .................................................... 61.2.1 Kin trc GSM/GPRS ............................................................................................................ ...... ..61.2.2 Kin trc ca UMTS .......................................................................................................................9

1.2.2.1 Kin trc 3GPP R3 ..................................................................................................... ...........101.2.2.2 Kin trc 3GPP R4 ..................................................................................................... ...........131.2.2.3 Kin trc 3GPP R5 ..................................................................................................... ...........15

1.3 Phn h a phng tin IP .......................................................... 171.3.1 Server thu bao nh v chc nng nh v thng tin thu bao .......................................................191.3.2 Chc nng iu khin phin cuc gi CSCF .................................................................................201.3.3 Server ng dng AS .................................................................................................................. ....231.3.4 Chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin MRF .................................................................................241.3.5 Chc nng lin mng vi PSTN ................................................................................................ ....241.3.6 Chc nng tng tc IPv4 v IPv6 ................................................................................................241.3.7 Tnh cc .......................................................................................................................................25

1.3.7.2 Kin trc tnh cc online .....................................................................................................261.3.9 Min nh v min khch ................................................................................................ ...... ...... ...29

CHNG 2 ........................................................................................................................ 30

HOT NG CA SIP TRONG IMS UMTS ................................................................. 302.1 Th tc tin thit lp phin ......................................................... 30

2.1.1 Gn kt GPRS ...............................................................................................................................312.1.2 Hot ha ng cnh PDP ....................................................................................................... ...... ...332.1.3 Tm kim P-CSCF .............................................................................................................. ...........342.1.4 ng k dch v ........................................................................................................................ ....35

2.2 Cc th tc trong SIP .................................................................. 392.2.1 Cc th tc thit lp phin .............................................................................................................39

2.2.1.1 Th tc khi xng phin ......................................................................................................402.2.1.2 Th tc t S-CSCF n S-CSCF ........................................................................................ ...442.2.1.3 Th tc kt cui Mobile .........................................................................................................48

2.2.1.4 Tng kt th tc thit lp phin .................................................................................. ...........522.2.2 Th tc gii phng phin ...............................................................................................................55

CHNG 3 ........................................................................................................................ 58

NH GI HIN TNG BOTTLENECK TRONG IMS ............................................58

CHNG 4 ........................................................................................................................ 66

NH GI TR TRONG IMS .................................................................................. 66

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4.1 Khi nim ..................................................................................... 67

4.2 Qu trnh phn tch ..................................................................... 684.2.1 Phn tch da vo h thng M/M/1 ............................................................................................ ...684.2.2 Phn tch da vo h thng M/D/I ................................................................................................73

KT LUN .........................................................................................................................74TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................................. 78

THUT NG V T VIT TT

3GPP Third Generation Partnership

Project

D n i tc th h ba

3GPP2 Third Generation Partnership

Project 2

D n hai ca i tc th h ba

ARR IPv4 address resource record Bn ghi ti nguyn a ch IPv4

AAAA

RR

IPv6 address resource record Bn ghi ti nguyn a ch IPv6

AAA Authentication, authorization

and accounting

Chc nng nhn thc trao quyn

v tnh cc.

AAL ATM adaptation Layer Lp tng thch ATM

ADSL Asynchronous Digital Subcriber

line

ng dy thu bao s khng

ng b.

AMR Adaptive multi-rate a tc tng thchAPI Application Program Interface Giao din lp trnh ng dng

APN Access point name Tn im truy nhp

AS Application Server Server ng dng

ATM Asynchronous Transfer mode Ch truyn khng ng b

BCF Bearer Charging Function chc nng tnh cc bearer

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BGCF Breakout Gateway Conrol

Function

Chc nng iu khin cng

ngoi

BICC Bearer Independent call control iu khin kt ni c lp

bearer

BS Bearer service; billing system H thng tnh cc

BSS Base station subsystem Phn h trm gc

BSC Base Station controller B iu khin trm gc

BTS Base Transceiver Station Trm thu pht gc

CAMEL Customized Applications for

Mobile Network Enhanced

Logic

ng dng ngi dng cho logic

tng cng mng di ng

CAP Camel Application Part Phn ng dng CAMEL

CCF Charging collection Function Chc nng thu thp cc

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access a truy nhp phn chia theo m

CDR Charging Data Record Bn ghi d liu cc

CGF Charging Gateway Function Chc nng cng tnh cc

CK Ciphering key Kha mt m ha

CN Core Network Mng li

CS Circuit-switched Chuyn mch knh

CSCF Call Session Control Function Chc nng iu khin phin kt

ni

CS CN Circuit Switched Core Network Mng li chuyn mch knh

CSE CAMEL service environment Mi trng dch v camel

DES Data Encription Standard Chun m ha d liu

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol

Giao thc cu hnh Host ng

DOS Denial of service T chi dch v

DNS Domain Name System H thng tn minEDGE Enhanced Data Rate for GSM

Evolution

Tc d liu tng cng cho

GSM

ETSI European Telecommunications

Standards Institute

Vin chun vin thng Chu u

FBI Feedback information Thng tin phn hi

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FCS Fast cell selection Chn nhanh

FDD Frequency Division Duplex Song cng phn chia theo tn s

FDMA Frequency division multiple

access

a truy nhp phn chia theo tn

s

FTP File Transfer Protocol Giao thc truyn file

GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access

Network

Mng truy nhp v tuyn

GSM/EDGE

GMSC Gateway MSC MSC cng

GGSN Gateway GPRS support node Node h tr GPRS cng

GPRS General Packet Radio Service Dch v v tuyn gi chung

GSM Global system for mobile

communication

H thng thng tin di ng ton

cu

GTP-U User Plane part of GPRS

tunneling Protocol

Phn mt phng ngi dng cho

giao thc ng hm GPRS

HLR Home location register Thanh ghi thng tr

HSS Home subscriber server Server thu bao nh

HTTP Hyper text transfer protocol Giao thc truyn siu vn bn

I-CSCF Interrogating -CSCF Chc nng iu khin phin kt

ni hi

IETF Internet engineering task force Nhm c trch k nghInternet

IMS-

MGW

IP multimedia subsystem-

Media Gateway Function

Phn h a phng tin IP-Chc

nng cng phng tin.

IMS IP multimedia subsystem Phn h a phng tin IP

IMSI International Mobile Subscriber

Identifier

S nhn dng thu bao quc t

IM-SSF IP multimedia service switching

function

Chc nng chuyn mch dch v

a phng tin IPIP-CAN IP-connectivity access network Mng truy nhp kt ni IP

IPsec Internet protocol security An ninh trong giao thc internet

ISC IMS service control iu khin dch v IMS

ISIM IP multimedia services identity

module

M un nhn dng cc dch v

a phng tin IP

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ISP Internet service provider Nh cung cp dch v internet

MAP Mobile Application Part Phn ng dng di ng

MGCF Media Gateway Control

Function

Chc nng iu khin cng

phng tin

MGW Media gateway function Chc nng cng phng tin.

MMSC Muiltimedia message service

centre

Trung tm dch v tin nhn a

phng tin

MRFC Multimedia resource function

controller

B iu khin chc nng ti

nguyn a phng tin

MRFP Multimedia Resource function

proccessor

B x l chc nng ti nguyn

a phng tin

NAS Network access server Server truy nhp mng

OCS Online charging system H thng tnh cc trc tuyn

OSA Open services architecture Kin trc cc dch v m

P-CSCF Proxy-CSCF CSCF i din

PDF Policy decision function Chc nng quyt nh chnh

sch

PDP Packet data protocol; policy

decision point

Giao thc d liu gi, im

quyt nh chnh sch.

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network Mng di ng mt t cngcng

PoC Push to talk over the cellular

service

Dch v in thoi a phng

tin qua mng t ong

RAN Radio access network Mng truy nhp v tuyn

RES Respone p ng

RFC Request for comment Yu cu b sung

RNC Radio network controller B iu khin mng v tuyn

ROAMOPS

Roaming operations Hot ng chuyn mng

RSVP Resource reservation setup

protocol

Giao thc thit lp chim ch ti

nguyn

RTCP RTP Control protocol Giao thc iu khin giao thc

thi gian thc

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RTR Registration-Termination

Request

Yu cu ng k kt cui

SAR Server-Asignment-Request Yu cu gn server

S-CDR SGSN-CDR Bn ghi d liu tnh cc GGSN

S-CSCF Serving-CSCF Chc nng iu khin phin kt

ni phc v

SCTP Stream Control Transmission

Protocol

Giao thc truyn dn iu khin

lung

SDP Session description protocol Giao thc c t phin

SGSN Serving GPRS support node Node h tr GPRS phc v

SGW Signalling Gateway Cng bo hiu

SIM Subscriber identity module M un nhn dng thu bao

SIP Session Initiation Protocol Giao thc khi to phin

SNMP Simple network management

protocol

Giao thc qun l mng n

gin

SQN Sequence number S tun t

SRV Service records Bn ghi dch v

TCP Transmission control protocol Giao thc iu khin truyn dn

TD-

CDMA

Time division/ CDMA CDMA phn chia theo thi gian

THIG Topology hiding Internetwork

Gateway

Cng lin mng n cu hnh

TIA Telecommunications industry

association (North America)

Hip hi cng nghip vin thng

(Bc M)

TTL Time to live Thi gian sng

UA User agent Tc nhn ngi dng

UE User equipment Thit b ngi dng

UMTS Universial MobileTelecommunication system H thng vin thng di ngton cu

USIM Universial Subsriber Identity

Module

M un nhn dng thu bao

UMTS

UTRAN UMTS terrestrial radio access

network

Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt

t UMTS

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VoIP Voice over IP Thoi qua IP

WAP Wireless application protocol Giao thc ng dng khng dy

WCDM

A

Wideband CDMA a truy nhp phn chia theo m

bng rng

WLAN Wireless LAN Mng cc b khng dy

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DANH SCH HNH V

Hnh 1.2 Kin trc c bn ca UMTS................................................................................9

Hnh 1.3 Kin trc UTRAN...............................................................................................11

Hnh 1.4 Mng li 3GPP R3.............................................................................................12

Hnh 1.5 Kin trc mng li UMTS R4............................................................................13

Hnh 1.6 Kin trc 3GPP R5.............................................................................................15

Hnh 1.7 Kin trc logic tham chiu 3GPP R4/R5..........................................................16

Hnh 1.8 Phn h a phng tin IP...............................................................................18

Hnh 1.10 Kin trc ca IBCF..........................................................................................25

1.3.7.1 Kin trc tnh cc offline....................................................................................26

Hnh 1.11 Kin trc tnh cc offline ca IMS...............................................................26

Hnh 1.12 Kin trc tnh cc online ca IMS................................................................27Hnh 1.13 Kin trc iu khin cc v chnh sch ca IMS........................................28

Hnh 2.1 Tng hp cc th tc trc phin SIP..............................................................30

Hnh 2.2 Phm vi ca ng cnh PDP..............................................................................33

Hnh 2.3 Tm kim P-CSCF dng DHCP v DNS...........................................................34

Hnh 1.4 Tm kim P-CSCF s dng bo hiu kch hot ng cnh PDP......................35

Hnh 2.5 Th tc ng k ca ngi dng......................................................................36

Hnh 2.6 Cc th tc ca phin SIP.................................................................................39

Hnh 2.7 Th tc khi xng di ng Roaming...........................................................41Hnh 2.8 Th tc S-CSCF ti S-CSCF gia hai mng khc nhau................................45

Hnh 2.9 Th tc kt cui mobile trong trng hp chuyn mng................................49

Hnh 2.10 Lung gi t Mobile ti Mobile c n gin ha......................................53

Hnh 2.11 Th tc gii phng phin.................................................................................55

Hnh 3.1 Cc lung phin trong hai mng.......................................................................59

Hnh 3.2 c t cc cuc gi............................................................................................60

Hnh 3.3 Chui nh tuyn lu lng bo hiu...............................................................61

Hnh 3.4 Phn b lu lng v hin tng c chai........................................................63

Cc kt qu tnh ton thu c nh chng trnh m phng bottleneck v tr, cgii thiu cui n ny nhm h tr tnh ton cho n.........................................63

Hnh 3.5 Mng mt Server................................................................................................64

Hnh 4.1 Hng i trong mng.........................................................................................71

Nguyn Mnh Trng D2003VT viii


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n tt nghip i hc Li niu

M U

Nh mt thnh vin quan trng ca cc cng ngh di ng th h ba, c

nh ngha bi lin minh vin thng quc t ITU, UMTS th hin mt bc tin

ha v dch v v tc d liu so vi cc mng di ng 2G ang kh ph bin

hin nay. D n i tc th h ba 3GPP c hnh thnh nghin cu v cc

c t k thut ca UMTS.

Mng UMTS gm ba min tng tc hot ng vi nhau: mng li CN,

mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UTRAN, v thit b ngi dng UE. Phn h

a phng tin IP (IMS) bao gm tt c cc thnh phn CN phc v cho vic

cung cp cc dch v a phng tin. Giao thc khi to phin SIP c la

chn bi 3GPP cho vic thit lp cc phin a phng tin trong cc mng

UMTS R5.

Mc ch ca n l phn tch hot ng ca SIP trong phn h a

phng tin IP ca mng UMTS t 2 kha cnh: bottleneck v tr.

Phn tch bottleneck da trn vic xem xt chi tit cc th tc thit lp v

gii phng phin cuc gi. Cc lung bo hiu s gp cc thc th (CSCF hoc

HSS) dc chui nh tuyn vi ln. Mi ln gp, thc th chc nng cung cp

vi dch v v sau chuyn lu lng i. Chng ta s tnh chim dng mi

thc th chc nng v xc nh vic thc th no s c xu hng tr thnh

bottleneck trong mng cc kch bn khc nhau. T , ta a n kt lun

rng mt node no s tr nn c chai ty thuc vo lu lng c phn b

nh th no trong mng.

Chng ta thc hin phn tch tr u tin bi vic c t lu lng bo

hiu SIP bng m hnh hng i M/M/1. Ta tnh tr trong mi node v phn

phi thi gian i trong chng. Tr tng trong th tc thit lp hoc gii phngcuc gi l tng tr ca mi node dc theo ng bo hiu. Vic phn tch

m hnh hng i M/M/1 cung cp cho ta gii hn trn ca thi gian i trung

bnh ca mi node, cng nh tr trung bnh ca th tc thit lp v gii phng

cuc gi.

Nguyn Mnh Trng D2003VT 1


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B cc n gm 4 chng:

Chng 1: Gii thiu tng quan v UMTS v IMS

Chng 2: Hot ng ca SIP trong IMS UMTS Chng 3: nh gi hin tng bottleneck trong IMS

Chng 4: nh gi tr trong IMS

IMS l ch kh mi hin nay, n l tng tuyt vi cho tng lai ca

mng hi t gia cc mng di ng vi nhau, gia c nh v di ng, v ang

trn con ng hon thin dn trn thc t trong nhng nm tip theo ny. IMS

lm thay i cch nhn nhn v dch v t trc ti ny, khng c s phn bit

gia thoi v s liu, gia nn tng truyn ti v thit b u cui, gia d liuchuyn mch knh hay d liu chuyn mch gi. Tt c u hng ti mt

mng All IP chung nht cho nn tng truyn ti v cung cp nn dch v chung

cho tt c cc thit b u cui. Vic nghin cu v IMS cho ta nhn nhn mi

v bi cnh pht trin ca mng hin ti, n xa nha s phn bit gia vin

thng v Internet, gip ta theo kp s pht trin ca th gii truyn thng hin

nay.

D c nhiu c gng trong nghin cu tm hiu, n hn c nhiu mtcn b sung; em rt mong nhn c kin ng gp ca qu thy c gio

cng cc bn.

Em xin cm n ThS.Nguyn Th Thanh K, ngi tn tnh hng dn

em trong sut qu trnh lm n ny.

Xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio trong c ba khoa Vin thng, in

t, C bn tn tnh gip em hon thnh kha hc 4,5 nm y ngha

hc vin.Cui cng, xin gi li cm n ti gia nh, bn b v ngi thn nhng

ngi ng vin, gip em trong sut chng ng di hc tp.

H ni, Ngy 25 thng 11 nm 2007

Sinh vin



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Nguyn Mnh Trng



12/86

n tt nghip i hc Gii thiu tng quan v UMTS v IMS

CHNG 1

GII THIU TNG QUAN V UMTS V IMS

1.1 S lc lch s pht trin ca mng v tuyn

Trong mt thi gian ngn, chng 20 nm, cc mng v tuyn tri qua 3th h tin ha. Mng t ong u tin c thit k v ti u cho truyn dn tn

hiu thoi tng t ca cc thu bao di ng. c vn hnh trong ch

chuyn mch knh, nhng h thng ny cung cp kh nng truyn d liu trong

bng tn thoi 450 v 800 MHz s dng m hnh a truy nhp phn chia theo

tn s. Thm vo , S tng tc hot ng gia cc mng khc nhau t c

quan tm. Kt qu l, mt thu bao khng th s dng cc dch v trn mt

mng nm ngoi mng m thu bao ng k.S xut hin ca GSM (Global System for Mobile communication), th h

hai ca mng v tuyn t ong, l mt bc pht trin vt bc. GSM lm vic

bng tn 900, 1800, 1900 MHz v s dng m hnh a truy nhp phn chia

theo thi gian TDMA, kt hp FDMA cung cp ch truyn dn chuyn

mch knh cho d liu s, v tn hiu thoi c s ha tc ti a 9.6

kbits/s. Vic ra i ca Card m un nhn dng thu bao SIM v giao thc

phn ng dng di ng cho GSM MAP to ra kh nng tng tc nhp nhng

gia cc mng khc nhau, iu ny cho php cc thu bao di chuyn trn toncu nh c ch chuyn mng (Roaming).

Cc mng GSM c trin khai rng khp th gii v chim hn 60%

th trng di ng. Tuy nhin, chng c thit k cho cc dch v thoi

chuyn mch knh v h tr truyn d liu tc thp, nn c s khng ph

hp cho vic h tr cc dch v Internet chuyn mch gi. iu ny thc y

qu trnh tin ha t mng di ng th h hai ln mng di ng th h ba hay

gi l 3G. Trong qu trnh , mt vi s tng cng cho chc nng chuynmch gi h tr cc dch v gi c thc hin trong l trnh tin t 2G

ln 3G, gi l 2.5 G. Ta c nhng dng sau:

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), c thm vo mng GSM

h tr hiu qu cc dch v chuyn mch gi. Chng cung cp tc d



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liu ln khong 160 kbps cng vi cc dch v chuyn mch knh. Nhng,

n ch h tr cc dch v chuyn mch gi phi thi gian thc.

EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates For GSM Evolution), c kh nng h tr

tc d liu ln ti 384 kbps.

GERAN, (GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network), y l pha 2 ca qu

trnh tin ha GSM/EDGE. N cung cp tc d liu ln ti 1920 kbps

h tr cho thoi c ng gi v cc dch v thi gian thc.

S ra i ca th h th ba UMTS, da trn cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia

theo m bng rng WCDMA, l mt bc tin xa hn na tha mn nhu cu

ang tng cha tng thy ca cc dch v d liu/ Internet. c tnh mi ni

bt ca UMTS l tc bit ngi dng cao hn: ln ti 384 kbps i vi cc

kt ni chuyn mch knh, v ln ti 2 Mbps i vi cc kt ni chuyn mch

gi. Nh vy vic nng cao tc bit s h tr s a dng cc dch v v cc

ng dng. Nhng thuc tnh c bn ca cc dch v UMTS nh sau:

Mang tnh c nhn ha

D dng s dng

Da trn s nh v

C kh nng truy nhp thng tin v x l rt kp thi C kh nng a phin, a phng tin, c bit kt hp thoi vi hnh

nh/ video, v cho php chn la dch v.

UMTS do vin chun vin thng chu u ETSI ngh cho IMT 2000, theo yu

cu ca lin minh vin thng th gii ITU nhm thit lp mt h thng truyn

thng ton cu, khng phn bit h thng u cui v tnh di dng ca ngi

dng. Nhng nghin cu c tin hnh t cui nhng nm 1980, vi

nhng n lc ca c t pha cc trng i hc v ngnh cng nghip vin

thng. Vo thng 1 nm 1998 nhm c trch di ng ca ETSI (SMG Special

Mobile Group) chn hai cng ngh cho giao din v tuyn mt t ca

UMTS: CDMA bng rng trn bng tn c ghp i cho hot ng song

cng phn chia theo tn s, v CDMA phn chia theo thi gian (TDCDMA)

cho hot ng trong bng tn khng c ghp i, s dng c ch song cng



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phn chia theo thi gian. Quyt nh da trn c s ngh v giao din v

tuyn mt t ca UMTS c ITU chn nh l ng c vin cho cng ngh

truyn dn v tuyn ca IMT-2000.

Bn cnh , cc quc gia bao gm Nht Bn, M v Hn Quc ang c

lp la chn cc cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn cho 3G ca ring h cng thi

im m IMT-2000 c nghin cu. D n i tc 3G c hnh thnh t

nm 1998 to ra forum cho s chun ha cc c t chung ca UTRA. y

l mt t chc th gii rng khp cha c tin l, thu ht cc chuyn gia t

nhiu t chc chun ha khu vc khc nhau. Cc thnh vin ca 3GPP bao

gm: vin chun vin thng chu u ETSI, hip hi kinh doanh cng nghip v

tuyn ARIB/ Nht Bn, t chc chun vin thng khng dy CWTS/ Trung

Quc, y ban chun ha vin thng T1/M, hip hi cng ngh vin thngTTA/ Hn Quc, v hip hi cng ngh vin thng TTC/ Nht Bn. V th,

trng thi chun ha hin ti ca UMTS l kt qu ca qu trnh nghin cu lu

di c thc hin bi nhiu quc gia. Hin ti, nhng n lc tng t ca h

ang nhm vo nhng nghin cu cho cng ngh 4G.

c th phn tch vic iu khin phin cuc gi a phng tin IP da

trn giao thc bo hiu SIP trong phn h a phng tin IP, trc ht chng ta

s quan tm ti cch m kin trc mng c tin ha t GSM ln UMTS

h tr cho a phng tin, sau s gii thiu th tc thit lp gii phng

lung phin da vo SIP trong IMS, qua s nh gi hin tng Bottleneck

v thi gian tr trong IMS.

1.2 Gii thiu kin trc ca UMTS

1.2.1 Kin trc GSM/GPRS

Trc khi ni v UMTS nh mt s tin ha t th h mng th hai GSM sang

th h th ba 3G, xem xt n trn c s k tha v khng hon ton mi

nguyn, ta nn quan tm ti kin trc GSM/GPRS minh ha cho bc

chuyn i t GSM sang UMTS. Di y l m hnh kin trc GSM/GPRS

c n gin ha:



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Hnh 1.1 Kin trc GSM/GPRS c n gin ha

Trm di ng MS

MS bao gm nhng thit b vt l c s dng bi thu bao; chng bao

gm thit b di ng ME v m un nhn dng thu bao SIM. ME bao gm kt

cui di ng MT, ty theo ng dng v dch v, c th h tr s kt hp cc

nhm chc nng khc nhau nh b tng thch u cui TA v thit b u

cui TE.

Phn h trm gc BSS

H thng ny thc hin tt c cc chc nng cn thit duy tr cc kt ni

v tuyn ti MS, m ha / gii m thoi, tng thch tc t / ti phn mng

v tuyn. N c iu khin bi MSC qua giao din A nh l mt thc th

chu trch nhim cho truyn thng gia cc trm di dng MS trong mt vng

c th. Tng t, trong GPRS, BSS c gim st bi SGSN qua giao din Gb.Mt mng GSM bao gm nhiu BSS, mi BSS c th qun l vi BTS, l

phn t c iu khin bi b iu khin trm gc BSC. A-bis l giao din

gia BSC v BTS.



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1. BTS (Base Transceiver Station): l mt thnh phn mng phc v cho

mt . N qun l giao din v tuyn Um v bo hiu, mt m ha v x

l thoi.

2. BSC (Base Station Controller): l phn t trung tm ca BSS vi chc

nng iu khin mt hoc vi BTS.

3. TRAU (Transcoding and Adaptation Unit): l thnh phn ca BSS m

nhim vic chuyn m thoi, v d, n c kh nng chuyn m thoi t

dng s ny sang dng s khc v ngc li, nn m

Phn h mng NSS

NSS kt ni mng v tuyn vi mng chun cng cng, thc hin chuyn

giao gia cc BSS, v bao gm cc chc nng nh v din rng cc ngi

dng, h tr tnh cc, gim st ti khon v chuyn mng gia cc nh cung

cp khc nhau trong cng mt nc, hay cc quc gia khc nhau. N bao

gm cc phn t sau:

1. Trung tm chuyn mch di dng MSC: Thnh phn chnh ca NSS t

quan im iu khin cuc gi. MSC cu thnh giao din gia h thng

v tuyn v mng c nh. N thc hin tt c cc chc nng cn thit

x l cc dch v chuyn mch knh ti/ t trm di ng MS.

2. GMSC (Gateway MSC): l thnh phn tham gia vo vic qun l tnh ding, qun l truyn thng v cc kt ni ti cc mng khc nhau.

3. HLR (Home Location Register): l v tr trung tm, v c s d liu

qun l, lm nhim v lu tr thng tin thu bao (nhn dng trm di

ng quc t IMSI, cu hnh ngi dng) cng nh thng tin v v tr

hin ti ca MS.

4. VLR (Visistor Location Register): l c s d liu v qun l v v tr

c kt hp vi mi MSC. N cung cp s lu tr cho tt c cc chcnng v s thay i m cn x l cuc gi t / ti thu bao di ng

trong vng phc v ca MSC.

5. AUC (Authentication Center): qun l nhn thc v mt m ha cho mi

thu bao.



17/86


6. EIR (Equiment Identity Register) bt du vt trm thu bao v s nhn

dng ca chng ngn s s dng tri php cc thit b.

Phn li mng gi GPRS cung cp vic truyn d liu ch

gi. N yu cu hai node cn c thm vo:

1. SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node): chu trch nhim qun l tnh di

ng, bo mt v cc chc nng nhn thc.

2. GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node): l n v cu ni tng tc gia

mng GPRS v mng d liu gi PDN bn ngoi. GGSN chu trch

nhim qun l a ch IP, qun l QoS v chc nng gateway ra bn

ngoi.

V GSM/GPRS c kh nng cung cp dch v truyn thng da trn c nn

chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh, n tr thnh thnh phn c bn ca

mng li UMTS, iu m chng ta s tho lun trong phn sau.

1.2.2 Kin trc ca UMTS

Mng UMTS bao gm ba min tng tc vi nhau: thit b ngi dng UE,

mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS UTRAN v mng li.

Kin trc UMTS c bn c ch ra nh hnh 1.2. UTRAN c kt ni ti

thit b ngi dng UE qua giao din v tuyn Uu, v UTRAN trao i vi

mng li CN qua giao din Iu.

Hnh 1.2 Kin trc c bn ca UMTS

UE

UE bao gm hai phn: thit b di ng ME (Mobile Equipment) v m un

nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM)

1. ME: l u cui c dng cho truyn thng qua giao din v tuyn.

2. USIM: l mt card thng minh duy tr vic nhn dng thu bao v thc

hin cc chc nng bo mt.



18/86


UTRAN

Nhim v chnh ca UTRAN l to ra v duy tr cc Bearer truy nhp v

tuyn cho truyn thng gia UE v CN. Khi nim Bearer c th hiu ging

nh cc ng trung k trong k thut chuyn mch knh, c iu thng tin

trn Bearer l d liu gi.

CN

Mng li CN cha cc chc nng ca vic chuyn giao gia cc h thng,

lm gateway ti cc mng khc (c nh hoc di ng), v cc chc nng qun

l mng. Mc ch ca 3G CN l hot ng nh mt li chung kt ni cc

mng truy nhp v tuyn khc nhau vi cc mng c nh.

1.2.2.1 Kin trc 3GPP R3

Phin bn u tin ca c t UMTS, 3GPP R3, hay cn gi l R99, gii thiu

cng ngh WCDMA cho mng truy nhp v tuyn, UTRAN, v miu t mng

li nh l thnh phn c tin ha t mng GSM vi GPRS.

Kin trc UTRAN

Cc khi chc nng c bn ca kin trc UTRAN l node B v b iu khin

mng v tuyn RNC. UTRAN c kt ni ti UE qua giao din v tuyn Uu,

ging vi giao din Um trong h thng GSM, v trao di vi mng li thng

qua giao din Iu, tng t vi giao din A trong GSM. Di y l kin trc

UTRAN:



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20/86


gi PS-CN. UTRAN c kt ni vi min chuyn mch knh qua giao din

IuCS v vi min chuyn mch gi qua giao din IuPS.

Hnh 1.4 Mng li 3GPP R3

CS-CN

Min chuyn mch knh c pht trin t phn h mng GSM. CS-CN h

tr s kt ni ti mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng PSTN v mng s

tch hp a dch v ISDN cho cc dch v chuyn mch knh. N h tr cc

dch v in thoi truyn thng chng hn thoi v Fax, n cng h tr cc dch

v tng cng nh dch v SMS. Cc thnh phn quan trng ca CS-CN l

MSC, VLR v GMSC.

PS-CN

Min chuyn mch gi c nng cp t mng li GPRS da trn IP. PS-CN

h tr s kt ni ti mng d liu gi chng hn internet cho cc dch v



21/86


22/86


3GPP R4 khng thay i mng truy nhp nhiu m ch thay i mng li, c

bit ng k nht l min chuyn mch knh. Mt trong nhng c tnh ni bt

nht ca CS-CN R4 l s phn tch mt bng ngi dng v mt bng iu

khin: MSC/VLR c chia thnh mt MSC server v mt Media Gateway

(MGW), v GMSC cng thay thnh mt GMSC server v mt media gateway.

MSC server

Chc nng chnh ca MSC server l qun l kt ni, chng hn, n x l tt

c bo hiu v iu khin media gateway. MSC server cng cha VLR lu

d liu dch v ca thu bao di ng.

Media Gateway

y, MGW c xem nh l mt thc th ca min CS v v th c th

c coi nh CS-MGW. N chuyn phng tin (nh thoi) t bearer

chuyn mch knh ti bearer IP, v c th cng c cc chc nng thm vo

chng hn nh trit ting vng v chuyn m. Chng ta s miu t Media

Gateway trong phn h IMS sau ny.

Kin trc nh trn to ra s phn tch gia mt bng ngi dng (Bearer d

liu) v mt bng iu khin (bearer bo hiu v iu khin). V th, c hai li

ch c to ra:

1. S chuyn phng tin gip cho vic s dng mt mng IP chung cho cd liu chuyn mch knh v d liu chuyn mch gi, mng IP ny

cng c th c dng cho cc loi lu lng khc cng thi im.

2. Khi mt MSC hoc GMSC server c th iu khin vi media gateway,

s mm do v s iu chnh kin trc h thng c tng cng. Ngoi

ra, bo hiu v dung lng ngi dng c th iu chnh mt cch c

lp.

Mt c im quan trng khc trong kin trc 3GPP R4 l vic thm phn ha phng tin IP, cho php cc nh iu hnh mng di ng mt t PLMN

cung cp cho cc thu bao ca h cc dch v a phng tin da trn v c

xy dng trn nn cc ng dng Internet, cc dch v internet v cc giao thc

internet.



23/86


iu ng ch l phn h a phng tin IP tn dng min PS truyn ti

bo hiu a phng tin v lu lng bearer. N c lp vi min knh mc d

vi thnh phn mng c th l chung vi min CS.

IMS bao gm tt c cc thnh phn cn thit cung cp cc dch v a

phng tin. Chng ta s tho lun chi tit hn phn sau.

1.2.2.3 Kin trc 3GPP R5

Hnh 1.6 Kin trc 3GPP R5

Trong 3GPP R5, mng truy nhp tri qua nhiu thay i hn v nhng thay i

CN l nh. y, ch chnh l vic truyn ti IP trong mng truy nhp.Trong R3, ATM thc hin truyn dn trong mng truy nhp nh u im ca

n trong vic h tr QoS. Theo thi gian, IP nh mt cng ngh truyn ti s

cha cc c ch QoS m cung cp s h tr cn cho yu cu cc dch v chng

hn thoi v video thi gian thc. V th, trong chun R4, 3GPP c t vic s

dng IP nh mt cng ngh thay th ATM. Trong R5, s tin ha tip tc xa

hn, tt c lu lng n t UTRAN u da trn IP v th lu lng lun lun

dng gi. iu ny s lm cho cc nh iu hnh c th hi t cc mng ca h

t c s h tng chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi song song truynthng hng ti vn hnh mt mng all-IP. Mng all-IP vch ra mt vin

cnh tng lai trong khng cn c cc thnh phn mng chuyn mch knh;

tt c cc lu lng chuyn mch knh c coi nh l voice over IP hoc cc

dch v gi thi gian thc khc. pha ny, tiu ch la chn chnh cho cng



24/86


ngh v tuyn c s dng l cung cp bng tn cho dch v c s dng

v cng ngh v tuyn t n tr nn t quan trng. Thnh tu tng lai l mng

li 3G c cc giao din cho vi cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn, chng hn,

GSM/EDGE (GERAN), CDMA2000, WCDMA v wireless LAN (WLAN)

vv.

Kin trc tham kho ca 3GPP R4 v R5 cung cp mt s nhn nhn chi tit

kin trc bn trong UMTS. Tuy vy, c s tng t trong vic pht trin R5, s

tp trung chuyn dch sang min gi, iu c m rng bng chc nng

IMS. Hnh bn di y l kin trc logic tham kho ca 3GPP R4/R5.

Hnh 1.7 Kin trc logic tham chiu 3GPP R4/R5



25/86


1.3 Phn h a phng tin IP

Nh miu t phn trn, mng li UMTS c chia thnh min chuyn

mch knh v min chuyn mch gi. Min chuyn mch gi l mng d liu

da trn cng ngh Internet. Cc u cui dng min gi truy nhp cc dch

v trn mng internet cng cng. V d, mt thit b u cui UMTS truy nhp

server th ca ngi dng ca n, i tng c t u trn mng

Internet, qua min chuyn mch gi. V d khc, cc ngi dng c th lt

web s dng min ny v trnh duyt web trong thit b u cui UMTS ca

n.

V vy, min chuyn mch gi lm cho tt c cc dch v m hin c trn

Internet c tr nn kh dng vi cc thit b ca ngi dng 3G UMTS. Theo

cch ny, cc ngi dng c th truy nhp cc dch v mi ni v mi lc.

Nu cc dch v internet bao gm c cc dch v a phng thi gian thc

chng hn truyn hnh hi ngh, min chuyn mch gi s cho php ngi dng

truy nhp vo c cc dch v a phng tin thi gian thc. V d, ta c th

dng mt thit b u cui UMTS thit lp mt phin Voice over IP vi

ngi dng UMTS khc hoc vi mt ngi dng Internet s dng my tnh c

nhn v truy nhp internet c nh.

Tuy vy, thi im min chuyn mch gi c c t, 3GPP a ra ch rng cc dch v a phng tin internet da trn vi cng ngh khc nhau.

Mt s dch v dng giao thc tng thch H.323, mt s tng thch vi SIP,

c nhiu Vendor c t nhng giao thc dnh ring cho mnh. Kt qu l, tr

phi hai u cui dng cng mt cng ngh, chng khng th trao i vi nhau.

Hon cnh nm ngoi mong mun ca 3GPP, bi v mc ch ca 3GPP l

bt c tp thit b u cui no, gm c u cui UMTS v c PC thng thng

cng c th trao i vi nhau. V th, 3GPP bt u nghin cu mt kin trc

cung cp cc dch v a phng tin da trn cng ngh internet v c th

l, trn SIP. Kin trc ny c mang tn l Phn h a phng tin IP (IP

multimedia subsystem IMS).



26/86


Hnh 1.8 Phn h a phng tin IP

Vic chn SIP nh giao thc chnh cho IMS m bo rng cc u cui IMS cth truyn thng vi bt k u cui internet no m dng SIP. Theo thi gian,

SIP tr thnh giao thc chnh cho cc dch v a phng tin trn mng

internet. V th, cc thit b u cui IMS hin nay c th trao i vi lng ln

cc ngi dng.

Kin trc IMS cho php cung cp cc dch v c tch hp theo chiu

ngang. Nhng ngi pht trin dch v loi b m tp dch v tch hp theo

chiu ng truyn thng, mi dch v cha tt c cc chc nng cn thit chohot ng ca n. Thay vo , IMS cung cp chc nng chung m c th c

s dng cho cc dch v khc nhau. Vi cch ny, ngi pht trin dch v ch

cn thc hin chc nng c c t cho mt dch v c th. Phn cn li ca

cc chc nng m cn cho dch v s c cung cp bi IMS. Cc chc nng

c cp bi IMS bao gm m phn dung lng, nhn thc, yu cu dch v,

nh a ch, nh tuyn, qun l nhm, nhn dng, cp ti nguyn, thit lp

phin, tnh cc.

IMS nh ngha vi chc nng v giao din gia chng. Hnh 1.9 ch ra

kin trc ny. Cc phn sau bn v chc nng v giao din gia chng. Ch

rng 3GPP chun ha cc chc nng logic, khng theo node. Cc chc nng c

th c nh x sang cc node vt l theo cch khc nhau. Mt node n c th



27/86


thc hin mt chc nng n hoc vi chc nng. Cng vy, mt chc nng

logic n c th c phn cho vi node.

Hnh 1.9 Kin trc chc nng IMS

1.3.1 Server thu bao nh v chc nng nh v thng tin thu bao

Server thu bao nh HSS l c s d liu trung tm ca mng tin ha t thanh

ghi thu bao thng tr HLR trong mng GSM. HSS giao tip vi I-CSCF vS-CSCF cp thng tin v v tr ca thu bao v thng tin thu bao ca khch

hng. HSS mang nhng thng tin ngi dng nh sau:

Nhn dng ngi dng, thng tin a ch v s.

Thng tin bo mt ngi dng, thng tin iu khin truy nhp mng,

nhn thc v trao quyn.

Thng tin nh v ngi dng mc lin h thng, HSS h tr ng k

ngi dng v lu thng tin lin h thng.

Thng tin cu hnh thu bao.

Server thu bao nh HSS l mt c s d liu lu cu hnh ca tt c cc ngi

dng trong mt min. Cu hnh ca ngi dng bao gm thng tin lin quan ti

bo mt chng hn kha mt m, thng tin lin quan ti dch v nh dch v



28/86


no m ngi dng ng k, v cc thng tin khc chng hn S-CSCF c

phn b ti ngi dng hoc v tr ngi dng.

HSS l c s d liu chung ca mt min. Tuy vy, nu nh mng c s

ngi dng vt qu lng mt HSS n c th x l, th nhng mng ny c

nhiu hn mt HSS.

Mng c nhiu hn mt HSS cng cha chc nng nh v thng tin thu

bao SLF (Subscription Location Function). Cc node m cn hi HSS v ngi

dng c th, u tin s hi SLF tr v a ch ca HSS m ang phc v

ngi dng .

C HSS v SLF u h tr cc giao din da trn giao thc Diameter. HSS

hot ng trn giao din Cx v SLF hot ng trn giao din Dx.

1.3.2 Chc nng iu khin phin cuc gi CSCF

Chc nng iu khin phin cuc gi l cc thc th SIP, mc d chng

hot ng trn cc giao din phi SIP (cc giao din da trn Diameter). C 3

loi CSCF trong IMS: P-CSCF, S-CSCF, v I-CSCF.

CSCF hot ng nh mt serser cuc gi x l bo hiu cuc gi. N h

tr v iu khin cc phin a phng tin, cung cp s linh ng trong vic

thm, sa i hoc xa cc bearer c dng bi dch v ca ngi dng. Giao

thc m c dng cho bo hiu y l SIP.

Cc chc nng sau c thc hin bi CSCF:

Chc nng iu khin cuc gi: thc hin thit lp, kt thc cuc gi,

qun l trng thi v s kin. y l bc tin ha ca chc nng iu

khin cuc gi MSC.

Chc nng phin dch a ch: thc hin vic phn tch, dch, sa i v

nh x a ch.

C s d liu cu hnh dch v: giao tip vi HSS thu nhn v lu

m cu hnh ngi dng.

Cng cuc gi n: hot ng nh mt im vo mng v nh tuyn

cuc gi ti n.



29/86


P-CSCF

P-CSCF l im lin lc u tin trong mng IMS khch. Chc nng chnh

c thc hin P-CSCF gm c:

Cung cp vic trao cc ti nguyn knh bearer v qun l QoS. Chuyn yu cu ng k SIP nhn c t UE ti mt I-CSCF xc nh

dng tn min nh, nh c cung cp bi UE.

Chuyn cc bn tin SIP nhn c t UE ti SIP server (v d S-CSCF)

m tn ca n c nhn ra sau qu trnh ng k.

Chuyn yu cu SIP hoc p ng ti UE.

Kt thc v c lp to ra cc phin SIP trong iu kin khng bnh

thng.T quan im thit b u cui, P-CSCF l ca ng nm vng ngoi ca SIP,

cc thit b u cui gi tt c lu lng ca n. Thm vo , tt c dng

lu lng n thu bao ca i qua P-CSCF.

Chc nng chnh ca P-CSCF lin quan ti vic bo mt v nn tn hiu bo

hiu. P-CSCF thit lp s bo mt gn vi u cui ca n trao i lu

lng SIP vi chng. Nhng s gn kt bo mt ny cung cp s bo v tng

th.Giao din gia mt thit b u cui v P-CSCF c th l mt lin kt v

tuyn bng tn thp. V th, vic gi lng ln cc bn tin giao thc qua giao

din s tn thi gian. gin thiu thi gian thit lp phin, u cui IMS

lun lun nn bo hiu SIP, ri mi gi chng ti P-CSCF.

S-CSCF

Chc nng iu khin phin cuc gi phc v S-CSCF l node thc hin

qun l phin trong mng IMS. c th c vi S-CSCF. Chng c thmda trn dung lng ca node hoc yu cu dung lng ca mng. S-CSCF c

th c chn khc nhau da vo cc dch v c yu cu hoc dung lng

ca thu bao di ng. Cc chc nng chnh ca S-CSCF l:

Chp nhn nhng yu cu ng k t UE v hp l ha cc thng tin

qua vic trao i lin lc vi HSS.



30/86


Cung cp chc nng iu khin phin cho cc phin ca UE ng k,

v d S-CSCF trong mng nh chu trch nhim cho tt c vic iu

khin phin . iu ny c ngha l thu bao di ng khng b hn ch

v kh nng hot ng khi truy nhp sang mng khch.

C th chp nhn cc yu cu v dch v lin quan ti bn thn chng

hoc chuyn i.

C th kt thc hoc c lp to ra cc phin SIP.

Tng tc vi cc nn tng dch v h tr dch v.

Cung cp cho cc im cui thng tin lin quan ti dch v (cc cnh

bo / tone cng vi v tr ca cc ti nguyn phng tin c thm vo,

thng tin tnh cc).S-CSCF hot ng nh h tch vin SIP trong min ca n. Thm vo , n

x l tt c cc phin IMS thc hin yu cu dch v khi cn. Khi mt dch v

c th dng cho mt phin c thit lp, S-CSCF nh tuyn bo hiu SIP ti

server ng dng m cung cp dch v.

thc hin cc chc nng ny, S-CSCF cn phi truy nhp ti cu hnh

ca cc ngi dng m n x l. S-CSCF thc hin nh giao thc Cx da trn

diameter ti HSS. S-CSCF thu nhn cu hnh ngi dng v lu thng tin lin

quan ti ngi dng trong HSS qua giao din ny.

Cu hnh ngi dng bao gm tiu ch lc la ngi dng, l cha kha cho

vic yu cu dch v. S-CSCF thu tiu ch ny t HSS v dng quyt nh

dch v no c ng dng cho mt phin c th.

Tiu ch lc la ngi dng l tp hp cc kch thch (trigger) m c ng

dng cho cc bn tin SIP n v i ca ngi dng. Nu mt kch thch ph

hp vi mt bn tin, th bn tin s c chuyn ti AS c ch nh trong kch

thch . V d, khi nhn c mt kch thch ph hp vi bn tin SIP t mtngi dng c th th S-CSCF chuyn bn tin ti AS c ch nh.

I-CSCF

I-CSCF l im lin lc trong mng nh iu hnh cho tt c cc kt ni c

kt cui ti mt thu bao trong mng nh iu hnh , hoc mt ngi dng



31/86


hin ang chuyn mng nm trong khu vc dch v ca nh iu hnh . C

th c nhiu I-CSCF trong mng ca mt nh iu hnh. Cc chc nng chnh

c thc hin bi I-CSCF l:

Phn b mt S-CSCF cho mt ngi dng ng k SIP. N thc hin

cn bng ti gia cc S-CSCF cng vi s h tr ca HSS.

Truy vn HSS trong qu trnh thit lp cc phin c kt cui ti

mobile, thu nhn a ch ca S-CSCF m phc v cho thu bao di

ng, v sau chuyn yu cu SIP v p tr n.

Trong vic thc hin cc chc nng trn, nh iu hnh c th dng

chc nng cng lin mng n cu hnh THIG trong I-CSCF (I-CSCF(THIG))

hoc cc k thut khc n cu hnh, dung lng, v cu trc ca mng. Khi

mt I-CSCF (THIG) c chn p ng yu cu n th i vi cc phin m

chuyn qua min ca nh iu khc, I-CSCF (THIG) c th chuyn yu cu

SIP hoc nhc I-CSCF (THIG) khc cho php nh iu hnh duy tr cu hnh

c lp cho mng ca h.

Khi mt thc th SIP cn gi mt bn tin SIP ti min c th, n thc hin vic

tm kim DNS thu nhn a ch ca server SIP ca min . Mt bn ghi

DNS ca min ch ti I-CSCF ca min. V vy, I-CSCF x l lu lng n

ca min.Khi mt I-CSCF nhn c mt bn tin SIP n, n hi HSS qua giao din

Cx tm ra S-CSCF no nn x l bn tin ny. Sau , I-CSCF chuyn bn tin

ti S-CSCF .

1.3.3 Server ng dng AS

Cc dch v IMS c thc hin cc server ng dng. Cc server ng dng

trao i vi S-CSCF qua giao din ISC da trn SIP v vi HSS qua giao din

Sh da trn Diameter.Mc d cc dch v mi thng thng c thc hin trong cc server ng

dng SIP, n cn cung cp cc dch v k tha t cc mng i trc cho

cc ngi dng IMS. IMS c t vic truy xut dch v m OSA qua server kh

nng dch v tng tc mng vi server ng dng v chc nng chuyn



32/86


mch dch v a phng tin IP cung cp cc ng dng khch hng cho cc

dch v logic tng cng ca mng di ng (CAMEL). Server kh nng dch v

v chc nng chuyn mch dch v c th truy nhp HSS dng giao din Sh

hoc Si da trn Diameter. C hai trao i vi S-CSCF dng giao din ISC da

trn SIP.

1.3.4 Chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin MRF

Chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin MRF thc hin cc nhim v lin quan

ti phng tin chng hn thao tc phng tin (trn cc lung thoi trong mt

hi ngh)MRF l mt node chc nng ring, gm b iu khin MRF v mt

b x l MRF (MRFP). B iu khin MRF iu khin b x l MRF dng

giao din Mp da trn giao thc H.248.

1.3.5 Chc nng lin mng vi PSTN

IMS cung cp vic lin mng vi cc mng in thoi chuyn mch knh

PSTN qua mt tp cc node. Chc nng iu khin cng phng tin MGCF

thc hin vic phin dch giao thc gia SIP v giao thc bo hiu c dng

trong mng chuyn mch knh. MGCF cng iu khin cng mi trng

MGW s dng giao din Mn da trn H.248. MGW thc hin vic bin dch

gia phng tin da trn RTP trong IMS v dng phng tin dng trong

mng chuyn mch knh.MGCF tng tc vi mng chuyn mch knh qua gateway bo hiu.

Gateway bo hiu nhn bo hiu t MGCF v gi n ti mng chuyn mch

knh, v d SS7 v ngc li.

Chc nng iu khin gateway cng BGCF quyt nh MGCF no x l mt

phin c th m s kt cui mng chuyn mch knh. Nu BGCF quyt nh

rng mt MGCF trong min khc x l phin, n c th chuyn bn tin SIP m

n nhn ti mt BGCF trong min .1.3.6 Chc nng tng tc IPv4 v IPv6

IMS c th c thc hin vi c IPv4 v IPv6. Thm vo , cc u cui

IMS c th thit lp cc phin vi u cui Internet, nhng thit b ch c th

hot ng hoc trn IPv4 hoc trn IPv6. iu ny c ngha l s c cc phin

IMS gia cc client IPv4 v IPv6.



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Vic chuyn gia IPv4 v IPv6 c thc hin chc nng iu khin cng

bin lin kt ni IBCF (Interconnect Border Control Function). Hnh 1.10 m t

kin trc ca IBCF.

Hnh 1.10 Kin trc ca IBCF

Phn t IMS-ALG (Adaptive Layer Gateway) sa i cc bn tin SIP thc

hin vic chuyn i IPv4 v IPv6. N cng iu khin gateway chuyn TrGW(Transition Gateway), chuyn i IPv4 IPv6 mc phng tin.

IBCF cng thc hin ci gi l chc nng cng lin mng n cu hnh

THIG. Chc nng THIG gm c vic mt m ha thng tin lin quan ti cu

hnh c cha trong cc bn tin n n. Theo cch ny, cc bn tin khng

h l bt c thng tin lin quan ti cu hnh ti my thu ca cc bn tin, iu

ny lin quan ti hot ng cnh tranh gia cc nh iu hnh mng.

1.3.7 Tnh cc

IMS cung cp hai loi tnh cc: trc tuyn (online) v c lp (offline). Tnh

cc offline thng thng c dng vi cc thu bao tr sau, cn tnh cc

online thng dng vi cc thu bao tr trc.



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1.3.7.1 Kin trc tnh cc offline

Hnh 1.11 Kin trc tnh cc offline ca IMS

Hnh 1.11 ch ra kin trc tnh cc offline. Cc phn t SIP vi thng tin vphin c tnh cc gi thng tin ti phn t chc nng d liu cc CDF

qua giao din Rf da trn Diameter. CDF to ra cc bn ghi d liu cc CDR

v gi chng ti phn t chc nng cng cc CGF qua giao din Ga. CGF

dng giao din Bi gi cc bn ghi cc ti h thng tnh cc.

1.3.7.2 Kin trc tnh cc online

Tnh cc online cung cp vic kim tra ti khon. Khi mt ngi dng ht ti

khon th ngi dng khng th truy nhp bt c dch v no. V d, numt ngi dng tham gia vo mt phin v ht ti khon, phin s b kt thc

ngay lp tc.



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Hnh 1.12 Kin trc tnh cc online ca IMS

Hnh 1.12 ch ra kin trc tnh cc online ca IMS. Cc server ng dng v b

iu khin chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin MRFC lin quan ti mt phin

gi thng tin ti h thng tnh cc online OCS qua giao din Ro da trnDiameter.

Chc nng cng IMS (IMS-GWF) cng gi thng tin ti OCS qua giao

din Ro. Thm vo , IMS-GFW c th trao i vi S-CSCF dng giao din

ISC da trn SIP. Theo cch , IMS-GWF nh mt server ng dng i vi

S-CSCF. Nu mt phin cn c kt thc do thiu ti khon, IMS-GWF kt

thc phin s dng giao din ISC.

1.3.8 iu khin cc v chnh schTrong IMS, yu cu cn thit phi iu khin mt phng phng tin t mt

phng bo hiu. V d, mt ngi dng c th ch c dch v thoi trong thng

tin thu bao m khng cho php dng video. Nu ngi dng ny th gi mt

lung video, h thng iu khin mt phng phng tin phi kha lung ny

li. Trong v d khc, mt ngi dng m ht ti khon b qua ch th ht ti

khon v tip tc gi i cc gi thoi ca mnh. Trong trng hp ny, chc

nng iu khin cng phi kha cc gi li.

IMS cung cp chc nng iu khin mt phng phng tin cho trng hp

lin quan ti cc v chnh sch. Trong giai on u, IMS cung cp cc chc

nng ny s dng cc kin trc c lp. iu khin chnh sch da vo phn t

quyt nh chnh sch cc b theo dch v SBLP v iu khin cc da vo



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phn t tnh cc theo lung FBC. Sau , cc kin trc c kt hp li v,

hin nay, IMS c t mt kin trc n cho iu khin chnh sch v cc.

Hnh 1.13 Kin trc iu khin cc v chnh sch ca IMS

Hnh 1.13 ch ra kin trc iu khin cc v chnh sch ca IMS. Chc nng

ng dng AF trao i vi chc nng lut cc v chnh sch PCRF qua giao

din Rx da trn diameter. PCRF c th ly thng tin thu bao t kho cha cuhnh thu bao SPR qua giao din Sp v c th iu khin chc nng thi hnh

cc v chnh sch PCEF cng truy nhp qua giao din Gx da trn

Diameter. Khi vic truy nhp mng t ong 3GPP c dng, Cng truy nhp l

GGSN.



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H thng tnh cc offline OFCS v h thng tnh cc online OCS c th

cng iu khin PCEF dng cc giao din tng ng l Gz v Gy da trn

Diameter.

1.3.9 Min nh v min khch

Phng tin trong phin gia cc u cui IMS dng lung truy nhp gia cc

GGSN ca chng. Mi GGSN c th c t trong min nh ca ngi dng

hoc min khch. Khi cc GGSN t trong min khch, phng tin phi thc

hin vic tm ng ngn nht gia cc thu bao.

Tuy vy, cc nh iu hnh mng thng cu hnh mng ca h GGSN

c t trong min nh. iu ny gip h d iu khin cc phng tin ca

ngi dng hn. Song, loi cu hnh ny gy ra qu trnh nh tuyn cc dng

phng tin trong mng khng ti u.

V tr ca GGSN phc v ngi dng cng nh hng ti v tr ca P-

CSCF m phc v ngi . P-CSCF cng c t trong cng min ca

GGSN.



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n tt nghip i hc Hot ng ca SIP trong IMS UMTS

CHNG 2

HOT NG CA SIP TRONG IMS UMTS

Giao thc khi to phin SIP l mt giao thc bo hiu iu khin lp ng dng

thc hin to lp, sa i, kt thc cc phin ca mt hoc nhiu ngi thamgia. Cc phin ny c th cha bt c s kt hp no ca cc phng tin

(thoi, d liu, video, file audio, ), v c th thay i bt c thi im no

thm cc thnh phn mi hoc thay i c tnh ca phin. SIP c chn

l giao thc bo hiu cho cc phin a phng tin trong UMTS R5. Trong

chng ny, chng ta s miu t qu trnh hot ng ca SIP, c nh ngha

trong IMS UMTS thit lp v gii phng cc phin a phng tin.

2.1 Th tc tin thit lp phin

Hnh 2.1 Tng hp cc th tc trc phin SIPKhi UE bt ngun v ng nhp h thng UMTS, n phi thc hin mt vi

bc quan trng thit lp mt phin d liu trc khi trao i cc bn tin bo

hiu SIP.

Cc bc quan trng nh sau:

Nguyn Mnh Trng - D2003VT 30


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1. Gn kt GPRS: thit lp cc ng cnh (Context) qun l di ng UE

v SGSN.

2. Hot ha ng cnh PDP (Packet Data Protocol): thit lp kt ni

GGSN.

3. Tm kim P-CSCF: thu c a ch ca P-CSCF, im lin lc u

tin trong phn h IMS.

4. ng k dch v: gi cu hnh thu bao ti mt S-CSCF trong mng

nh, v s dng c cc dch v IMS.

Tm li, n phi to ra mt ng ni ti CSCF i in (Proxy CSCF), v

thc hin ng k dch v vi CSCF phc v trong mng nh ca n qua P-

CSCF cho cc dch v SIP. Sau y l chi tit cc bc.

2.1.1 Gn kt GPRS

Nh c cp trong chng 1, IMS s dng min gi ca mng li

truyn d liu v bo hiu theo mt cch hiu qu. Mt mng li min gi

chung c s dng cho c GERAN v UTRAN. Mng li chung ny c

thit k h tr vi mc QoS cho php truyn hiu qu lu lng phi thi

gian thc (nh truyn d liu dng Burst, ri rc, hay vic truyn dn khng

thng xuyn mt lng ln d liu), v lu lng thi gian thc (nh thoi,

video). Node h tr GPRS phc v, SGSN, bt du v tr ca thu bao di ngring l, thc hin chc nng bo mt v iu khin truy nhp. Node h tr

GPRS cng, GGSN, cung cp s tng tc hot ng vi cc mng d liu gi,

v c kt ni vi cc SGSN qua mng trc IP PLMN.

truy nhp ti dch v min gi ca mng UMTS, UE trc ht phi to ra

s hin din ca n vi mng bi thc hin c ch gn kt GPRS hay cn gi l

gn kt min gi. Trong vic lm ny, SGSN thit lp mt ng cnh qun l

tnh di ng cha thng tin gn vi s di ng v bo mt ca UE, v th tcnhn thc c thc hin trong s gn vi ng cnh qun l di ng.

UE trong UMTS gi i s nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t ca n, IMSI,

ti SGSN trong bn tin gn kt. SGSN s dng IMSI gi mt yu cu ti

Server thu bao nh, HSS, ca UE ly cc tham s nhn thc. HSS cung cp



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thng tin nhn thc cho SGSN, gip SGSN kim tra tnh hp l s IMSI ca

thu bao.

kt thc thnh cng qu trnh nhn thc, SGSN gi mt bn tin cp nht

v tr cho HSS v iu ny lm cho cu hnh ca thu bao c th c ti t

SGSN. Cu hnh ny bao gm thng tin v cc dch v c thu bao ng k,

cu hnh QoS, bt c a ch IP tnh c gn, vvSau , SGSN hon thnh

th tc gn kt bi gi bn tin hon thnh gn kt ti UE.

Do qu trnh gn kt GPRS, v tr ca thu bao di ng c nhn ra trong

mng UMTS, v mt kt ni logic c thit lp gia UE v SGSN, kt ni

logic ny c duy tr khi UE di chuyn trong vng ph c iu khin bi

SGSN . Tuy nhin, y ch l bc u tin ca vic truy cp dch v d liu

gi. Trc khi UE c th yu cu cc dch v IM, mt ng cnh PDP phi chot ha ti bo hiu lin quan ti phn h IM.



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2.1.2 Hot ha ng cnh PDP

Hnh 2.2 Phm vi ca ng cnh PDP

Mt UE khi ng k c ti dch v min gi ca UMTS, n c gn

mt hoc nhiu a ch giao thc d liu gi, PDP, hoc theo c ch tnh bi

nh iu hnh mng v tuyn, hoc theo c ch ng bi GGSN trong qu trnh

hot ha ng cnh PDP. Mi a ch PDP l mt thnh phn ca mt ng cnh

PDP. Mi ng cnh PDP tn ti mt cch c lp mt trong hai trng thi

ch th liu vic truyn d liu c c cho php bi a ch PDP hay khng.

Trng thi khng kch hot c ngha l dch v d liu i vi a ch PDP

xc nh ca UE khng c hot ha, v ng cnh PDP khng cha thng tin

nh x hoc nh tuyn x l lu lng lin quan ti a ch PDP . Trong

trng thi kch hot, ng cnh PDP vi a ch PDP ang c dng s c

hot ha trong UE, SGSN v GGSN, v ng cnh PDP cha thng tin nh x v

nh tuyn cho vic truyn d liu ng vi a ch PDP c th gia UE v

GGSN.V vy, sau khi UE c gn kt ti mt SGSN, n phi kch hot mt ng

cnh PDP bt u truyn d liu gi bi khi to th tc kch hot ng cnh

PDP. Hot ng ny m phn mt a ch PDP (trong trng hp ny, l a

ch IP) cho UE v thit lp mt kt ni gia SGSN hin ti ca UE v GGSN



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tng ng m gi a ch PDP, v vy to ra mt knh SGSN-GGSN cho UE

chuyn dch v d liu gi. D liu ngi dng c ng gi vi thng tin

giao thc c t GPRS v c truyn mt cch trong sut gia UE v GGSN.

Trong trng hp ca dch v SIP, ng cnh PDP u tin phi c kch

hot cho tt c lu lng bo hiu lin quan n SIP. iu ny mun nhc n

ng cnh PDP cp 1. UE c th cng kch hot mt ng cnh PDP cp hai, m

s dng cng a ch PDP nh ng cnh cp 1, s phn bit nm nhng yu

cu QoS khc nhau. SGSN chn GGSN thch hp cho cc ng cnh v dch v

khc nhau. S la chn ca GGSN bi SGSN l c lp vi vic phn b ti

nguyn v tuyn. Mt my di ng c th khi to ng cnh PDP cp 2 v c

th c kt ni ti nhiu hn mt GGSN.

2.1.3 Tm kim P-CSCFP-CSCF l im lin lc u tin trong phn h IMS ca UE. Vic tm kim a

ch IP ca P-CSCF s c thc hin sau hoc nh mt phn ca vic hot ha

thnh cng mt ng cnh PDP ca bo hiu IMS, n s dng mt trong cc c

ch sau:

1. S dng giao thc cu hnh host t ng, DHCP, cp cho UE tn min ca

CSCF i din v a ch ca server tn min DNS, phn t c kh nng gii

quyt vn tn ca P-CSCF. GGSN hot ng nh mt tc nhn chuyn tipDHCP, n chuyn tip cc bn tin DHCP gia UE v server DHCP.

Hnh 2.3 Tm kim P-CSCF dng DHCP v DNS

2. UE yu cu a ch P-CSCF t GGSN khi hot ha ng cnh PDP. GGSN

gi a ch P-CSCF ti UE khi chp nhn hot ha ng cnh PDP. C bn tin



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yu cu a ch P-CSCF v bn tin a ch P-CSCF s c gi trong sut qua

SGSN.

Hnh 1.4 Tm kim P-CSCF s dng bo hiu kch hot ng cnh PDP

Sau khi tip nhn a ch IP ca P-CSCF, UE c th khi to qu trnh truyn

thng ti phn h a phng tin IP IMS.

2.1.4 ng k dch v

UE cn thc hin ng k dch v IMS trc khi n c th thit lp mt phin.Thng qua vic ng k thnh cng, UE s c gn mt S-CSCF thch hp

trong mng nh ca n thu nhn cc dch v IMS.



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Hnh 2.5 Th tc ng k ca ngi dng

i vi mt ngi dng m ang chuyn mng ti mt mng khch, dng

thng tin chi tit c ch ra trong hnh 2.5. i vi nhng ngi dng m ang

mng nh, mng nh s ng vai tr nh cc phn t ca mng khch nh

trn hnh nhng s dng cc phn t trong mng ca n, qu trnh vn tng t.

Ta c:

1. UE gi lung thng tin ng k ti P-CSCF. Thng tin bao gm nhndng thu bao v tn min mng nh.

2. Khi nhn c thng tin ng k, P-CSCF s kim tra tn min mng

nh tm ra im truy nhp ti mng nh (c th l I-CSCF). P-CSCF gi

thng tin ng k ti I-CSCF vi a ch / tn ca P-CSCF, nhn dng mng



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P-CSCF (c th l tn min ca P-CSCF), v nhn dng thu baoCng

vic chnh ca I-CSCF l hi HSS v tm v tr ca S-CSCF.

3. I- CSCF gi mt bn tin dnh ring cho UMTS qua giao thc Cx (Cx-

query) ti HSS vi nhn dng thu bao, nhn dng mng P-CSCF. HSS sau

kim tra xem liu ngi dng c ng k hay cha. HSS s xc

nh liu ngi dng c c ng k trong mng P-CSCF khng theo

thng tin thu bao, v c im ca mng.

4. Bn tin p tr Cx-query Resp c gi t HSS ti I-CSCF. Nu vic

kim tra trong HSS khng thnh cng, Cx-query Resp s hy b vic ng

k. Nu ngc li, bn tin s cha tn ca S-CSCF, nu n c nhn dng

bi HSS, hoc kh nng ca S-CSCF, nu cn chn mt S-CSCF mi.

5. Nu I-CSCF khng c cung cp tn ca S-CSCF, I-CSCF s gi bntin Cx-Select-Pull ti HSS yu cu thng tin lin quan n nng lc ca

S-CSCF da vo thc hin chc nng la chn S-CSCF.

6. Khi nhn c Cx-Select-Pull, HSS s gi Cx-Select-Pull Resp (nng lc

S-CSCF c yu cu) ti I-CSCF.

7. I-CSCF s dng tn ca S-CSCF xc nh a ch ca S-CSCF qua c

ch phn gii tn-a ch. I-CSCF cng xc nh tn ca im kt ni mng

nh thch hp, c th da vo thng tin nhn c t HSS. im kt nimng nh c th hoc chnh l S-CSCF, hoc mt I-CSCF thch hp (THIG)

trong trng hp mong mun n cu hnh mng nh. Nu mt I-CSCF thch

hp c chn nh im kt ni mng nh v thc hin n cu hnh mng,

n c th phn bit vi I-CSCF m xut hin trong dng ng k, v c kh

nng ly tn ca S-CSCF t thng tin lin lc vi mng nh. I-CSCF sau

gi thng tin ng k ti S-CSCF c la chn.. Thng tin gm tn / a

ch P-CSCF, nhn dng thu bao, nhn dng mng P-CSCF, a ch IP ca

UE, v im kt ni mng nh. im kt ni mng nh s c dng bi P-

CSCF chuyn bo hiu khi to phin ti mng nh.

8. S-CSCF gi bn tin Cx-Put vi nhn dng thu bao v tn ca S-CSCF

ti HSS. HSS lu tn S-CSCF cho ngi dng .



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9. HSS gi phn hi Cx-Put Resp ti S-CSCF xc nhn vic gi ca Cx-

Put.

10.Khi nhn c bn tin Cx-Put Resp, S-CSCF gi lung thng tin Cx-Pull

vi nhn dng thu bao ti HSS c th ti thng tin cu hnh ngi dng

ti S-CSCF. S-CSCF lu a ch / tn ca P-CSCF, i din cho a ch / tn

m mng nh s chuyn bo hiu phin kt cui ti UE.

11. HSS s gi tr v bn tin Cx-Pull Resp mang thng tin ngi dng ti

S-CSCF. Thng tin ngi dng c chuyn t HSS ti S-CSCF gm mt

hoc nhiu tn / a ch, m c dng cho vic truy nhp vo cc nn tng

dch v c thu bao ng k S-CSCF. S-CSCF s lu thng tin ca

ngi dng c ch nh. Ngoi tn / a ch, thng tin bo mt cng c th

c gi ti S-CSCF.12. Da vo cc tiu ch chn lc, S-CSCF s gi thng tin ng k ti nn

tng iu khin dch v v thc hin cc th tc iu khin dch v thch

hp.

13.S-CSCF tr v bn tin 200 OK vi thng tin kt ni mng nh ti I-

CSCF. Nu I-CSCF c chn nh im kt ni mng nh trong vic n cu

hnh mng, I-CSCF s mt m ha a ch S-CSCF trong thng tin kt ni

mng nh.14.I-CSCF gi bn tin 200 OK ti P-CSCF v gii phng tt c thng tin

ng k sau khi gi bn tin .

15.P-CSCF lu thng tin kt ni mng nh, v gi bn tin 200 OK ti UE.



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2.2 Cc th tc trong SIP

2.2.1 Cc th tc thit lp phin

i vi mt phin ca phn h a phng tin IP, dng phin bao gm ba loi

th tc: khi xng di ng MO (Mobile Origination), S-SCSF ti S-CSCF, ktcui di ng MT (Mobile Termination). Mt lng ln cc dng phin t u

cui n u cui c xy dng t s kt hp ba th tc trn.

Khi xng di ng c th c cc trng hp nh sau:

MO#1: Khi xng t thu bao di ng khi thu bao ang di chuyn sang

mng khch khi to vic thit lp mt phin.

MO#2: Khi xng t thu bao di ng khi thu bao di ng c nm

trong mng nh v khi to vic thit lp mt phin.PSTN-O: Khi xng t mng PSTN.

Hnh 2.6 Cc th tc ca phin SIP

Cc trng hp i vi qu trnh kt cui:

MT#1: Kt cui di ng khi thu bao di ng b gi ang di chuyn sang mng

khch.



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MT#2: Kt cui di ng khi thu bao di ng b gi ang mng nh ca n.

MT#3: u cui b gi cha c ng k cc dch v IMS, v d, nhng ngi

dng cc mng di dng c.

PSTN-T: Kt cui ti mt thu bao PSTN.Cc trng hp i vi qu trnh t S-CSCF ti S-CSCF:

S-S#1: S-CSCF ang phc v thu bao ch gi v S-CSCF ang phc v thu

bao b gi nm trong cc mng khc nhau.

S-S#2: S-CSCF ang phc v thu bao ch gi v S-CSCF ang phc v thu

bao b gi nm trong cng mng.

S-S#3: Khi xng phin vi kt cui PSTN trong cng mng ca S-CSCF.

S-S#4: Khi xng phin vi kt cui PSTN trong mt mng khc vi S-CSCFhin ti.

Trong n, chng ta s ch tp chung vo cc phin cuc gi gia hai thu bao

di ng c ng k IMS v khng bn v s tng tc hot ng ca IMS

vi PSTN hay mng khng dy c.

2.2.1.1 Th tc khi xng phin

Nh c trnh by trong phn 2.1.3, UE lun c mt P-CSCF c gn vi

n, P-CSCF c xc nh qua qu trnh tm kim P-CSCF. P-CSCF ny ct cng mt mng vi GGSN, thc hin qun l ti nguyn, v c th c vi

chc nng thm vo trong vic x l cc phin khn cp. Tip sau qu trnh

ng k, P-CSCF xc nh chng tip theo ti S-CSCF (c th qua mt I-CSCF

n cu hnh mng). V vy, ng bo hiu gia UE v S-CSCF m c

gn thc thi dch v s c xc nh thi im ca vic ng k UE v s

gi c nh trong qu trnh . UE lc c kh nng khi to vic thit lp

mt phin vi ng bo hiu ny.

Di y, chng ta s miu t chi tit qu trnh MO#1. Chi tit ca qu trnh

MO#2 khng c trnh by v cc th tc khng khc nhiu so vi MO#1

tr vic P-CSCF v S-CSCF lin quan nm cng mt mng.



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Hnh 2.7 Th tc khi xng di ng Roaming



50/86


1. UE gi bn tin yu cu SIP INVITE, cha trong giao thc c t phin

SDP (Session Discription Protocol), ti P-CSCF c ch nh qua c ch

tm kim P-CSCF. SDP c th i din mt hoc nhiu phng tin trong

phin a phng tin.

2. P-CSCF ghi nh CSCF chng tip theo cho UE ny t th tc ng k.

Nu nh iu hnh mng nh khng mun n cu hnh ca h, tn / a ch

ca S-CSCF c cung cp trong qu trnh ng k, v yu cu INVITE

c chuyn trc tip ti S-CSCF (nh c ch ra trong 2a). Nu nh iu

hnh mng nh la chn vic n cu hnh mng ca h th Tn / a ch ca

I-CSCF (THIG) trong mng nh c cung cp trong qu trnh ng k, v

yu cu INVITE c chuyn qua I-CSCF ny ti S-CSCF (nh ch trong

2b).3. S-CSCF hot ha cu hnh dch v, v s dng cc logic dch v khi

xng yu cu cho thu bao ny. Thng tin ny gm vic trao quyn cho cc

SDP yu cu da trn thng tin thu bao cho cc dch v a phng tin ca

ngi dng.

4. S-CSCF chuyn yu cu, sau khi thc hin xong th tc S-CSCF ti S-

CSCF phn sau.

5. Kh nng dng phng tin ca pha ch c chuyn theo knh bohiu, qua th tc S-S.

6. S-CSCF chuyn bn tin Offer Respone ti P-CSCF. Da trn s la chn

c thc hin bc 2 trn, bn tin ny c th c chuyn trc tip ti

P-CSCF (6a) hoc c th gi qua I-CSCF (THIG) (6b1 v 6b2).

7. P-CSCF xc nh vic trao cc ti nguyn cn thit cho phin ny. Th

trao quyn c to ra bi chc nng quyt nh chnh sch PDF, mt thc

th logic ca P-CSCF.

8. Th trao quyn c gm trong bn tin Offer Respone. P-CSCF chuyn

bn tin ti im cui khi xng.

9. UE quyt nh tp cc dng phng tin c cung cp cho phin ny,

v xc nhn s tip nhn bn tin Offer Respone bi gi mt bn tin xc nhn

Respone Confirmation ti P-CSCF. Bn tin Respone Confirmation c th c



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cng SDP vi bn tin Offer Respone nhn c trong bc 8 hoc l tp

con ca n. Nu phng tin mi c nh ngha bi SDP ny, P-CSCF

(c th l PDF trong P-CSCF) s thc hin vic xc nhn trao quyn mi

nh trong bc 7 tip sau bc 14. UE pha khi xng t do to ra cc

phng tin mi trong hot ng ny hoc trong s trao i tun t s dng

phng php cp nht. Mi s trao i To / Tr li s yu cu P-CSCF

(PDF) thc hin li bc xc nhn trao quyn (bc 7).

10.Sau khi xc nh cc ti nguyn cn thit trong bc 8, UE khi to th

tc chim gi ti nguyn cn thit cho phin ny.

11.P-CSCF chuyn bn tin Respone Confirmation ti S-CSCF. Bn tin ny

c th c nh tuyn qua I-CSCF ty thuc vo cu hnh mng ca I-

CSCF. Bc 11 c th tng t nh bc 2 ty thuc vo liu cu hnhmng c b n khng.

12.S-CSCF chuyn bn tin ny ti im cui kt cui, qua th tc S-CSCF

ti S-CSCF.

13-15. im cui kt cui p tr im khi xng bng bn tin xc nhn

ACK, nu SDP la chn cha trong bn tin Respone Confirmation, bn tin

xc nhn ACK s cha SDP p ng. Nu SDP thay i, P-CSCF xc

nhn trao quyn ti nguyn li. Bc 14 c th tng t nh bc 6 tythuc vo liu cu hnh mng c n khng.

16-18. Khi vic chim ch ti nguyn hon thnh, UE gi bn tin bo chim

ch ti nguyn thnh cng ti im cui kt cui, thng qua ng bo hiu

c thit lp nh bn tin INVITE. Bn tin c gi trc ht ti P-CSCF.

Bc 17 c th tng t bc 2 ty theo liu cu hnh mng c b n khng.

19-21. im cui kt cui p tr im khi xng khi vic chim ch ti

nguyn thnh cng c thc hin. Nu SDP thay i, P-CSCF thc

hin vic xc nh trao quyn li.

22-24. im cui kt cui c th to tn hiu rung chung, v sau chuyn

qua knh phin ti UE.

25. UE ch th cho ngi khi xng vic pha ch chung.



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26-27. Khi u cui ch tr li, im cui kt cui gi mt bn tin p tr

SIP 200-OK ti im khi xng, sau khi thc hin cc th tc kt cui

v th tc S-S, ti P-CSCF.

28. P-CSCF ch th cc ti nguyn c dnh trc cho phin ny cn

c chp nhn cho s dng.

29. P-CSCF gi bn tin SIP 200-OK ti pha khi xng phin.

30. UE bt u cc lung phng tin cho phin ny.

31-33. UE p tr bn tin 200 OK bng bn tin SIP ACK c gi tin theo

knh bo hiu. Bc 32 c th tng t nh bc 2 ty theo liu cu hnh

mng c b n hay khng.

2.2.1.2 Th tc t S-CSCF n S-CSCF

Th tc S-CSCF ti S-CSCF xc nh ng bo hiu gia S-CSCF thc hin

x l vic khi xng phin pha thu bao ch gi vi S-CSCF thc hin x

l kt cui phin pha thu bao b gi.

S-CSCF x l khi xng phin thc hin vic phn tch a ch ch v xc

nh liu thu bao ch nm cng mng hay nm mng khc. Nu vic phn

tch a ch ch ch ra rng n thuc v mt thu bao nm mng khc, yu

cu s c chuyn (c th chn qua mt I-CSCF (THIG) mng khi xng)

ti mt im vo bit trong mng ch, I-CSCF. I-CSCF hi HSS v thng

tin v tr. I-CSCF sau s chuyn yu cu ti S-CSCF. Nu vic phn tch a

ch ch ch ra rng n thuc v mt thu bao nm trong mng nh, S-CSCF

chuyn yu cu ti mt I-CSCF cc b, m hi HSS v thng tin v tr hin ti.

I-CSCF sau s chuyn yu cu ti S-CSCF m phc v thu bao b gi trong

mng ch.

Di y l c t lung thng tin gia hai S-CSCF thuc v hai mng khc

nhau:



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Hnh 2.8 Th tc S-CSCF ti S-CSCF gia hai mng khc nhau.

1. Yu cu SIP INVITE c gi t UE ti S-CSCF#1 bi nhng th tc

ca lung khi to. Bn tin ny cha s cung cp nhng c t phng

tin ban u trong giao thc c t phin SDP.



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2. S-CSCF#1 S dng tt c cc logic dch v thch hp cho vic to phin

ny.

3. S-CSCF#1 thc hin phn tch a ch ch, v xc nh nh cung cp

mng m thu bao ng k. i vi S-S#1, Lung ny l mt bn tin

lin mng ti im vo I-SCSF ca thu bao ch. Nu nh cung cp

mun che du cu hnh, th S-CSCF#1 s chuyn yu cu INVITE qua I-

CSCF (THIG)#1 (la chn b); nu khng, S-CSCF#1 chuyn yu cu

INVITE trc tip ti I-CSCF#2, im vo bit trong mng ca thu

bao ch (la chn a).

4. I-CSCF#2 ( cng ca mng ch) c th hi HSS v thng tin v tr hin

ti.

5. HSS p ng bng a ch ca S-CSCF hin ti ang phc v thu baoch.

6. I-CSCF#2 chuyn yu cu INVITE ti S-CSCF#2 m s x l kt cui

phin.

7. S-CSCF#2 s dng bt c logic dch v no m thch hp cho vic thit

lp phin.

8. S tun t tip tc vi nhng lung bn tin c xc nh bi th tc kt

cui.

9. Kh nng dng phng tin c gi tr v theo ng bo hiu cho

mi th tc kt cui.

10. S-CSCF#2 chuyn bn tin SDP ti I-CSCF#2.

11.I-CSCF#2 s chuyn SDP ti S-CSCF#1. Da vo la chn c lm

bc 3 trn, c th gi trc tip ti S-CSCF#1 (11a) hay c th gi qua I-

CSCF (THIG)#1 (11b1 v 11b2).

12. S-CSCF#1 chuyn bn tin SDP ti ngi khi xng cho mi th tckhi xng.

13. Ngi khi xng quyt nh da vo tp dng phng tin c cung

cp, xc nhn p ng cung cp vi bn tin Respon Confirmation, v chuyn

thng tin ny ti S-CSCF#1 bi th tc khi xng. Respon Confirmation



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c th cha thng tin trong SDP. Thng tin ny c th ging SDP trong bn

tin p ng cung cp Offer Response nhn c trong bc 12 hoc mt tp

con ca n.

14-15: S-CSCF#1 chuyn tin SDP c cp ti S-CSCF#2. Bc 14 c th

tng t nh bc 3 ty vo vic cu hnh mng c b n hay khng.

16. S-CSCF#2 chuyn tin SDP c cp ti im kt cui, qua th tc kt

cui, s c gii thiu phn sau.

17-20. im kt cui xc nhn s cung cp ny vi tin SDP tr li v

chuyn qua knh phin ti im khi xng. Bc 19 c th tng t nh

bc 11 ty thuc vo vic c n cu hnh mng hay khng.

21-24. im cui khi xng s xc nhn vic chim ngun ti nguyn

thnh cng v bn tin xc nhn c chuyn ti im cui kt cui. Bc 22

tng t nh bc 3 ty thuc vo liu cu hnh mng c b n khng.

25-28. im cui kt cui xc nhn bng s p tr bn tin Respone, bn tin

ny c gi ti im cui khi xng qua knh phin c thit lp.

Bc 27 c th ging bc 11 ty theo cu hnh mng c b n khng.

29-32. im cui kt cui sau to tn hiu chung v bn tin ny c

gi ti im cui khi xng qua knh phin c thit lp. Bc 31 c

th tng t vi bc 11 ty vo vic cu hnh mng c b n hay khng.

33-36. im cui kt cui sau gi bn tin 200 OK v knh phin c

thit lp ti im cui khi xng. Bc 35 c th tng t bc 11 ty vo

liu cu hnh mng c b n hay khng.

37-40. im cui khi xng xc nhn s thit lp phin v gi bn tin xc

nhn ti im cui kt cui thng qua knh phin c to ra. Bc 38

c th tng t nh bc 3 ty theo cu hnh mng c b n hay khng.

Lung thng tin c chi tit ha ca trong trng hp hai S-CSCF cngmng S-S#2 khng c m t y. Cc th tc khng khc nhiu tr vic

cc SCSF lin quan (S-CSCF#1 v S-CSCF#2) nm cng mt mng.



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2.2.1.3 Th tc kt cui Mobile

Th tc kt cui Mobile nhm xc nh ng bo hiu gia S-CSCF m

c gn thc hin cc dch v kt cui phin v UE. Ging nh nhng g

c bn lun th tc khi xng, ng ny c quyt nh thi im

ng k UE. Tuy vy dng bo hiu ny l ngc hng vi dng bo hiu

trong qu trnh khi to phin.

Di y c t th tc kt cui mobile trong trng hp chuyn mng.



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Hnh 2.9 Th tc kt cui mobile trong trng hp chuyn mng



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1. i tc khi xng gi yu cu SIP INVITE, cha SDP ban u, qua

mt trong nhng th tc khi xng, v qua mt trong cc th tc phc

v bn trong, ti S-CSCF thu bao kt cui.

2. S-CSCF hot ha cu hnh dch v, v s dng bt c Logic dch v kt

cui no dnh cho ngi dng. Thng tin bao gm s trao quyn SDP

c yu cu da trn thng tin thu bao cho cc dch v a phng tin

ca ngi dng.

3. S-CSCF nh S-CSCF chng tip theo cho UE ny. Nu ngi iu

hnh mng nh khng mun n cu hnh ca h, yu cu INVITE s

c chuyn trc tip n P-CSCF (la chn a). Nu h mun n cu

hnh ca mnh th yu cu INVITE c gi thng qua I-CSCF (THIG)

ri ti P-CSCF (la chn b).4. PDF to ra th trao quyn v chn vo bn tin INVITE. P-CSCF nh a

ch UE t th tc ng k v chuyn thng bn tin INVITE ti UE.

5. UE xc nh tp con cc dng phng tin c ra bi im cui khi

xng m n h tr, v p ng bng bn tin Offer Respone ngc cho

ngi khi xng. SDP c th i din cho mt hoc nhiu phng tin

trong phin a phng tin. p ng ny c gi ti P-CSCF.

6. P-CSCF trao cc ngun ti nguyn cn thit cho phin ny.7. P-CSCF chuyn bn tin Offer Respone ti S-CSCF, da trn la chn

c to bc 3 trn, n c th c gi trc tip ti S-CSCF (7a)

hoc c th c gi thng qua I-CSCF (THIG) (7b1 v 7b2).

8. S-CSCF chuyn bn tin Offer Respone ti ngi khi xng, cho mi

th tc S-CSCF ti S-CSCF.

9. im cui khi xng gi bn tin xc nhn Respone Comfirmation qua

th tc S-S, ti S-CSCF. Respone Comfirmation cng c th cha SDP.Ci ny c th ging vi SDP trong bn tin Offer Respone c gi

trong bc 8 hoc l tp con ca n. Nu nh phng tin mi c nh

ngha trong SDP ny, vic xc nhn trao quyn mi (nh bc 6) s

c thc hin bi P-CSCF (PDF) theo sau trong bc 12. UE khi

xng t do lin tc to phng tin mi trn hot ng ny, hoc trao



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i tun t dng phng php cp nht. Mi vic trao i khi to/ tr

li yu cu P-CSCF thc hin li bc trao quyn nh bc 6.

10. S-CSCF chuyn bn tin Respone Confirmation ti P-CSCF. Vic ny

cng c th c nh tuyn qua I-CSCF ty theo cu hnh mng ca I-

CSCF.

11.P-CSCF chuyn bn tin Respone Confirmation ti UE.

12. UE p tr bn tin Respone Confirmation bng bn tin xc nhn. Nu

SDP chn cha trong bn tin Respone Confirmation, bn tin xc nhn

ACK s cha p ng SDP. Nu SDP thay i, P-CSCF trao li ti

nguyn.

13. UE khi to th tc chim gi ti nguyn cn dng cho phin ny.

14-15. P-CSCF chuyn bn tin ACK ti S-CSCF, v sau ti im cui

khi xng qua knh phin. Bc 14 c th tng t bc 7 ty theo liu

cu hnh mng c n hay khng.

16-18. Khi im cui khi xng hon thnh vic chim gi ti nguyn,

n gi bn tin xc nhn thnh cng ti S-CSCF, qua th tc S-S. S-CSCF

chuyn bn tin ti im cui kt cui theo knh bo hiu. Bc 17 c th

tng t bc 3 ty theo liu cu hnh mng c n hay khng.

19. UE#2 bo cho ngi dng ch v vic thit lp phin ang din ra.

20-22. UE#2 p tr bn tin bo chim gi ti nguyn thnh cng ti im

cui khi xng. Bc 21 c th tng t nh bc 7 ty theo liu cu hnh

mng c b n hay khng.

23-25. UE c th thng bo cho ngi dng hoc i mt ch th t ngi

dng trc khi hon thnh thit lp phin. Nu vy n ch th iu ny ti

i tc khi xng bi mt p ng tm thi di dng tn hiu rung

chung. Bn tin ny c gi ti P-CSCF v theo knh bo hiu ti imcui khi xng. Bc 24 c th tng t nh bc 7 ty thuc liu cu

hnh mng c n khng.

26. Khi i tc ch tr li, UE gi mt p ng SIP 200 OK cui cng ti

P-CSCF.



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27. P-CSCF ch ra nhng ti nguyn c dnh trc cho phin ny.

28. UE bt u cc lung phng tin cho phin ny.

29-30. P-CSCF gi mt bn tin SIP 200 OK cui cng theo ng bo hiu

ngc tr li S-CSCF. Bc 29 c th tng t bc 7 ty theo liu cuhnh mng c n khng.

31-33. i tc khi xng p tr bn tin 200-OK cui bng bn tin xc

nhn SIP ACK m c gi ti S-CSCF qua th tc S-S v c chuyn ti

im kt cui theo knh bo hiu. Bc 32 c th tng t nh bc 3 ty

theo liu cu hnh mng c n khng.

Dng thng tin chi tit ca MT#2 khng c cp chi tit y. Cc th

tc khng khc nhiu ngoi tr vic P-CSCF v S-CSCF lin quan ti cng

mt mng.

2.2.1.4 Tng kt th tc thit lp phin

Nu chng ta nhm cc CSCF theo UE m chng ang phc v ch khng theo

cc mng m chng thuc v, v gi s khng c cu hnh n (I-CSCF(THIG)

no c s dng ngha l P-CSCF bit a ch ca S-CSCF), chng ta s c

lung phng tin chung gia hai thu bao di ng nh sau, cho d phin c

xy dng bi vic kt hp khc nhau ca cc th tc khi xng, S-CSCF ti

S-CSCF v kt cui nh th no.



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Hnh 2.10 Lung gi t Mobile ti Mobile c n gin ha

Ni tm li, bn ch gi gi bn tin INVITE qua P-CSCF ti S-CSCF m

c nhn ra trong qu trnh ng k. Bn tin sau c gi ti I-CSCF, lim lin lc u tin ca mng nh ca bn b gi i vi bo hiu mng cho

cuc gi n. Sau bn tin c nh tuyn ti cc CSCF phc v v i din

S, P ca bn b gi. Tip theo, bearer c thit lp v ngi dng b gi c

thng bo. Khi ngi tr li cuc gi, bn tin OK c nh tuyn qua

CSCF c s dng. Bn ch gi xc nhn vi bn b gi v vic thit lp cuc



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gi c hon thnh. Trong hnh 2.10, cu hnh n khng c dng. Cc

CSCF lin quan c th c hoc khng trong cng mng, ty theo cc kch bn

khc nhau.



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2.2.2 Th tc gii phng phin

Hnh 2.11 Th tc gii phng phin

Cc lung bn tin trong hnh 2.11 ch ra qu trnh gii phng phin SIP c

khi to bi u cui di ng. Gi s rng phin ang din ra v rng bearer

c thit lp trc tip gia hai mng khch. y, cc mng khch c th l



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mng nh trong mi hoc c hai trng hp, v vic s dng I-CSCF (THIG)

mang tnh cht la chn.

1. Khi mt u cui di ng cp my, iu ny to ra bn tin yu cu SIP

BYE t UE ti P-CSCF.

2. Bc 2 v 3 c th xy ra trc hoc sau bc 1 v ng thi vi bc

4. UE khi to vic gii phng bearer ng cnh PDP. Phn h GPRS gii

phng ng cnh PDP. Cc ti nguyn mng IP m b chim gi cho vic

tip nhn cc bn tin ti thu bao di ng trong phin ny by gi cng

c gii phng. iu ny xy ra GGSN. Nu giao thc dnh ring ti

nguyn RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) c dng phn b ti

nguyn, th cc bn tin gii phng thch hp cho giao thc c dng

y.3. Phn h GPRS p ng UE.

4. P-CSCF/PDF xa vic xc nhn trao quyn cc ti nguyn m trc

c ngh im cui trong phin ny. Bc ny cng s to ra mt ch

th gii phng ti phn h GPRS xc nhn rng cc bearer IP gn vi

phin b xa b.

5. P-CSCF gi mt yu cu SIP BYE ti I-CSCF (THIG) phn t m n S-

CSCF ca u cui cn gii phng.6. I-CSCF (THIG) gi yu cu SIP BYE ti S-CSCF ca u cui cn gii

phng.

7. Yu cu SIP BYE c gi t S-CSCF ti I-CSCF (THIG).

8. Yu cu SIP BYE c gi t I-CSCF (THIG) ti I-CSCF ca mng

ca i tc cn li.

9. Yu cu SIP BYE c chuyn t I-CSCF m c dng xc nh v

tr ca S-CSCF ca u cui cn li.10. Yu cu SIP BYE c chuyn ti I-CSCF (THIG).

11. I-CSCF (THIG) chuyn yu cu SIP BYE ti P-CSCF.

12. P-CSCF xa b vic xc nhn trao quyn ti nguyn m trc

c a ra im cui trong phin ny. Bc ny cng to ra mt ch th



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ti phn h GPRS xc nhn rng cc bearer IP c gn vi ngi dng

2 trong phin b xa.

13. P-CSCF chuyn yu cu SIP BYE ti UE.

14. Thu bao di ng p tr bng bn tin 200 OK, bn tin c gi tr liP-CSCF.

15. Bc 15 v 16 c th c thc hin ng thi vi bc 14. Thu bao

di ng to ra vic gii phng bearer ng cnh PDP.

16. Phn h GPRS gii phng ng cnh PDP. Cc ti nguyn mng IP m

b chim gi cho vic thu nhn cc bn tin ti thu bao di ng trong phin

ny cng c gii phng. Qu trnh ny thc hin GGSN. Nu giao thc

dnh ti nguyn RSVP c dng phn b cc ti nguyn, th cc bn

tin gii phng thch hp cho giao thc c dng y.

17. P-CSCF gi bn tin 200 OK ti I-CSCF (THIG).

18. I-CSCSF (THIG) gi bn tin 200 OK ti S-CSCF.

19. S-CSCF i tc cn li chuyn bn tin 200 OK ti I-CSCF c la

chn ca n.

20. I-CSCF c la chn chuyn 200 IK ti I-CSCF (THIG).

21. I-CSCF (THIG) chuyn bn tin 200 OK ti S-CSCF.

22. S-CSCF ca i gii phng chuyn bn tin 200 OK ti I-CSCF

(THIG).

23. I-CSCF (THIG) chuyn bn tin 200 OK ti P-CSCF ca i tc gii

phng.

24. P-CSCF ca i tc gii phng chuyn bn tin 200 OK ti UE.



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n tt nghip i hc nh gi tr trongIMS

CHNG 3

NH GI HIN TNG BOTTLENECK TRONG IMS

Trn c s cc th tc thit lp v gii phng cuc gi, chng ta bit rng, i

vi mi cuc gi, thit lp hoc gii phng, lu lng bo hiu i qua mithc th chc nng lin quan vi ln. Ni theo cch khc, mi thc th chc

nng trn chui nh tuyn s gp dng lu lng bo hiu vi ln. Mi khi

gp, CSCF (hoc HSS) cung cp thm vi dch v v sau chuyn lu lng

i. Nu chng ta xem xt cc node lin quan nh cc server, th mi server c

mt hng i, c hnh thnh bi cc lung lu lng khc nhau m ang i

c thng qua. Server no s gp hin tng bottleneck l vn ct yu m

chng ta s quan tm. Vic phn tch hin tng bottleneck s gip chng ta

tng dung lng ca mng, v v th tng c li nhun.

Chng ta gi s s cp nht cc phng tin mi khng xy ra, th t cc th

tc m chng ta m t chng 2, da vo kt qu thng k, ta thu c

trong mt th tc thit lp v gii phng cuc gi, P-CSCF tham gia 11 ln, S-

CSCF 11 ln, I-CSCF 12 ln, v HSS 1 ln.

Gi s chng ta c 2 mng ca hai nh iu hnh khc nhau. Chng ta cng gi

s c mt P-CSCF, S-CSCF v I-CSCF trong mi mng, v chng cung cp

dch v theo trt t FCFS (First Come First Server). Gi s thi gian phc vtrung bnh ca P-CSCF l Xp , thi gian phc v trung bnh ca S-CSCF l

Xs , thi gian phc v trung bnh ca I-CSCF l Xi , thi gian phc v trung

bnh ca HSS l Xh ; Sau y chng ta s phn tch hin tng bottleneck da

trn nhng gi s ny.

Chng ta s xem xt tt c cc kch bn ca hai mng ny nh sau:



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Hnh 3.1 Cc lung phin trong hai mng

H1: Thu bao khng roaming trong mng 1

H2: Thu bao khng roaming trong mng 2.

V1: thu bao mng 2 roaming sang mng 1.

V2: thu bao mng 1 roaming sang mng 2.



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Hnh 3.2 c t cc cuc gi



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Hnh 3.3 Chui nh tuyn lu lng bo hiu

Chng ta nhn ra rng i vi th tc thit lp v gii phng mt cuc gi, P-

CSCF v S-CSCF lin quan c s dng 11 ln, I-CSCF lin quan dng 12

ln, HSS lin quan dung 1 ln.



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Gi s ti trng lu lng tng l (s cuc gi / n v thi gian), ti trng

lu lng cho mi kch bn l i , v = i ,

Sau , chng ta s c tng lu lng chy qua mi node l:

P-CSCF1:;22)(11)( 13109876543211 ++++++++++= (3.1)

P-CSCF2:

;22)(11)( 141211876543212 ++++++++++= (3.2)

S-CSCF1:

;22)(11)( 1365121110943213 ++++++++++= (3.3)

S-CSCF2:

;22)(11)( 1487121110943214 ++++++++++= (3.4)

I-CSCF1:

;12)( 13111065325 ++++++= (3.5)

I-CSCF2:

;12)( 1412987416 ++++++= (3.6)

HSS1:

);(13111065327

++++++=

(3.7)HSS2:

);( 1412987416 +++++++= (3.8)

V ta s thu c s chim dng mi thc th nh sau:

P-CSCF1: ,XP1P = (3.9)

P-CSCF2: ,XP2P = (3.10)

S-CSCF1: ,XS3S = (3.11)

S-CSCF2: ,XS4S = (3.12)

I-CSCF1: ,X I5I

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