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Folie 1 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergiewww.dgs.de www.solcamp.de

SolarCheckCamping


SolarCheckCamping

SOLCAMP Project

Markus Metz

Phone +49 (0)30 29 38 12 60Fax +49 (0)30 29 38 12 61Email [email protected] www.dgs-berlin.de

Berlin office:Erich-Steinfurth-Str. 6D-10243 Berlin, Germany

Welcome to the training course!

Workpackage 5 SolarCheckSeptember 14th – 15th, 2006Portoroz, Slovenia


SolarCheckCamping


SolarCheckCamping

• Local section of the German Solar Energy Society, the oldest and largest nationwide non-profit solar organisationin Germany with headquarter in Munichmembers: all kinds of people and professions(3.000 individuals and 350 companies)

• Aims:– to foster the usage of renewable energies

and energy efficiency– to establish a sustainable energy supply

by means of information, education and political influence

⇒mediation between research, industry, installation and building trades, consumers and politics

The DGS Berlin Brandenburg e. V.

DGS members‘ magazine


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• Activities: – provide information: campaigns, publication of brochures– comunication and technology transfer:

organization of talks, conferences, workshops, public discussions

– political influence: consulting, statements for politicians and government authorities and communities, standardisation committees

– technical publications: Manuals PV Systems, Solar Thermal Systems and Bioenergy Systems in German, English, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese for experts

– “Sonnenenergie” Magazine

PV, Solar Thermal and Bioenergy Installers‘ Guide; information: http://www.greenpro.de



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Training site „solar garden“

Solar School Berlin: – further education for technical and sales staff :

engineers, architects, trade workers, sales managers, consultants

– since 1996 more than 1500 persons and companies have been trained

– Professional, complete, trade-overlap educationon solar energy applications

– two target groops:1. qualification of unemployed people (formerly

financed by the German Employment Office)2. on the job training for employees and

enterprises



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Quality label RAL for solar systems

– Monitoring of solar systems– energy strategies and consulting– Quality assurance for solar energy

systems:establishment of performance criteria for components, whole systems and service (RAL initiative and label)

Projects with DGS participationThe DGS Berlin Brandenburg e. V.

• Activities: – planning and services for PV and solar thermal

projects: planning tasks, expert's reports, monitoring, maintenance

– computer simulation and predicting yield of large solar thermal or PV systems for banks and investment societies


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Coinzidence hot water consumption and solar irradiation

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez

month

Hot water consumption Solar irradiation

Background Background -- ObjectivesObjectives -- Partners Partners -- ActivitiesActivities


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SOLCAMPSolar energy for camping sites



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Overall objective

Increase of camping sites equipped with solar thermal systems by 10 %

in every partners region



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DGS LV Hamburg/Schleswig-Holstein [email protected] www. dgs-hh-sh.deDGS LV Hamburg/Schleswig-Holstein e.V.

www. dgs-hh-sh.de

ARECBA DEPAEX

MWEA

PEPS ESCOS

APEA

AGIRE

DGSBVCD ISHVALENTIN

APE ITIDOOR

ESV

ECBREC

16 partners - 9 countries – 11 regions


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SOLCAMPTourist-/ Camping-Associations

Owners of Camping sites

Chamber of handicraft

Energy agencies /Energy consultants



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WP 1 Project ManagementWP 2 Status-Quo analysisWP 3 SolarCheck SoftwareWP 4 Preparation of campaignWP 5 SolarCheckWP 6 CampaigningWP 7 Monitoring and disseminationWP 8 Common dissemination activities



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First dayFirst day

I. PartI. PartTheThe SOLCAMP SOLCAMP projectprojectSolar Solar radiation radiation Components Components Systems Systems Dimensioning Dimensioning CostsCosts and and yieldsyields

II. PartII. Part

SolarCheckCampingSolarCheckCampingChecklistChecklistT*SOLCAMPT*SOLCAMPSolar Solar reportreport

Second daySecond day

III. PartIII. Part

PerformingPerforming SolarCheckCampingSolarCheckCampingon a on a campingcamping sitesite-- ConsultationConsultation-- ChecklistChecklist

Simulation Simulation withwith T*SOLCAMPT*SOLCAMPPreparationPreparation of of thethe Solar Report Solar Report

IV. PartIV. Part

PresentationPresentation of of resultsresults


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Solar Solar radiationradiation -- ComponentsComponents -- Systems Systems –– DimensioningDimensioning –– CostsCosts and and yieldsyieldsThe sun´s path at different times of the year


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Solar Solar radiationradiation -- ComponentsComponents -- Systems Systems –– DimensioningDimensioning –– CostsCosts and and yieldsyieldsIr

radi

ance

Irradiance on three different days in Wales


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Solar Solar radiationradiation -- ComponentsComponents -- Systems Systems –– DimensioningDimensioning –– CostsCosts and and yieldsyields

reflection,scattering

reflected radiation

directradiation

reflection,scattering

Global solar irradiance and its components


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cloud cover sunshine

mainly diffuse radiation mainly direct radiation

irradiated power in watts per m²

Global solar irradiance and its components with different sky conditions


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direct radiation diffuse radiation

Irra

diat

ion

Monthly sum of global solar irradiance


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solar azimuthangle of sun´s elevationcollector azimuthinclination of collector

Angle description in solar technology


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Azimuth angle in °

An

gle

of in

cide

nce

in °

Annual total global solar irradiance for different oriented receiving sufaces


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Annual global radiation[kWh/m²a]

from~ 890 kWh/m²

to~ 1.340 kWh/m²

(1 kWh = 3,6 MJ)



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Solar altitude diagram with example silhouettes of objects (for latitude of about 50°


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Standard solar water heating system with heating boiler for additional heating collector field

domestic water

cold water

heatingboiler

controller

store


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Standard thermosyphon solar water heaterWith outdoor tankSource: Solahart


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Standard thermosyphon solar water heaterWith outdoor tank on the roofSource: Solahart


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The Thermosiphon PrincipleSource: Solahart


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Solar Solar radiationradiation -- ComponentsComponents -- Systems Systems –– DimensioningDimensioning –– CostsCosts and and yieldsyieldsswimming poolwater heater domestic water heating – domestic water heating and heating support

absorber(plastic)

absorber(stailnless steel) air collector

glazed flat platecollector

vacuum collector

evacuated tubecollector

vacuum flat platecollector

standard collector

hybrid collector

ICScollector

directflow through

heat pipe

with reflector

withoutreflector

dryconnection

wetconnection

Overview of types of collector


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unglazed collectors Unglazed collector, absorber

unglazed collector, absorber

high grade steel absorber

standard flat collector

evacuated tube collectors

vacuum flat plate collector(with pillars)

air collectorDifferent collector designs


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absorber area

aperture area

gross area

Cross-section of a flat collector with description of the different areas


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Absorption and emission behaviour of different surfaces

Cu plate α = 5%ε = 4%

black paintα = 95%ε = 95%

black chromeα = 95%ε = 12 %

TINOXα = 95%ε = 5%


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Glazed flat-plate collector


1. frame2. seal3. transparent cover4. frame – side-wall profile5. thermal insulation6. full-surface absorber7. fluid channel8. fixing slot9. rear wall


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Energy flows in the collector

Irradiance (G0) – reflection losses (G1 and G2) – thermal losses (Q1 and Q2) – finally usable


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irradiation to the collector surface

intensity loss of the irradiation

heat dissipationof the absorber

collector efficiencyor effective output


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pressure

heat conduction

convection

heat radiation


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absorber area aperture area gross area

outside absorber is

blacked or coated

evacuated annular

space between outerand inner tubes


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No example withvacuum collectors

available !


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Rippenrohrwärmetauscher

Glattrohrwärmetauscher

Finned tube heat exchanger

Plain tube heat exchanger

Internal heat exchangers


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external heat exchangers

tubular heat exchangers


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Return-flow preventers


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Savety valve


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Membrane expansion vessel

heat transfer medium heat transfer medium heat transfer medium

filled system without irradiance

nitrogenfilling

nitrogencushion

nitrogencushion

system without heat transferliquid with maximum pressure

at the highest heat transfer medium temperature


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Flowmeters


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Function of a temperature difference controller shown as thedaily progression of the collector and store temperature

Kollektortemperatur

Pumpe ein

Tageszeit

Tem

pera

tur

Pumpe aus

Speichertemperatur Ausschalttemperaturdifferenz

Einschalttemperaturdifferenz

collector temperature

store temperaturestop difference

start difference

pump on pump off

Time of the day


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Rapid air bleeders

- Manual air bleeder- Check valve- Air separator


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Heat quantity meter- Volumetric flowmeter- one temperature sensor in each of the feed and return lines- suitable electronics for calculating the heat quantity


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recommended concentration

Propylene glycol concentration in %

cloud point frost protection ice cristallisation point

liquid

solid

Frost protection from water/propylene glycol mixtures, as a function of concentration


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domestic water heating domestic water heating and heating support

store

domestic hot water store combination store buffer store innovative store designs

buffer systems

internal heat exchanger

external heat exchanger

store in store latent heat accumulator

Season store

ground basin

Grundwasserleiteraquifer

earth probe

sorption store


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Domestic hot water store

sensor (optional)

circulation return

magnesium anode

hot water extraction

heating feed (additional heating)

sensor (additional heating)

heating return (additional heating)

magnesium anode

solar sensor

solar circuit return

cold water supplyre

adin

ess

area

rese

rves

are

a


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collector

-5°C outside temperaturee.g. february, sunshine, 1 o clock PM

fresh water station

warm water

cold water supply

controller

Buffer stores


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Solar fraction and system efficiency

Syst

em e

ffic

ien

cySE

sola

r fr

acti

onSF

SF

SE

absorber surface area

optimised for contribution and cost

maximum consumercoverage

maximum collector yield


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Absorber surface area: ca. 0,1-0,2 m² per pitch

Buffer storage volume:ca. 45 Liter per m² absorber surface area



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Specific investment costs of a solar thermal system


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Absorber surface area [m²]

spec

ific

inve

stem

ent c

osts

[€/m

²]

€/m²Linear (€/m²)


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240Daily consumption (litres per day)

3.678Energy requirement, location Ljubljana (kWh/year)

63Solar fraction (%)

465Specific production (kWh/m2/year)

400.000 Investment - subsidy (SIT)

150.000 Maximal subsidy (SIT)

550.000 Investment of solar system (SIT)

110.000 (ca. 460,- €)Specific investment (SIT)

2.325 Produced energy (kWh/year)

300 Storage tank (l)

5 Total area (m2)

SelectiveType of collector

InvestmentInvestment ofof typicaltypical solarsolar systemsystem


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Specifične investicije solarnih sistemovSpecifične investicije solarnih sistemov

Vir: Analiza razpisa Sektorja URE/OVE 2005


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Specifične investicije solarnih sistemovSpecifične investicije solarnih sistemov

Izhodiščni pogoji za primerjavo:• klasični ploščati SSE pritrjeni na streho• hranilnik toplote 300 litrov z regulacijo• n = 48

Vir: Analiza razpisa Sektorja URE/OVE 2005


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Solar Solar radiationradiation -- ComponentsComponents -- Systems Systems –– DimensioningDimensioning –– CostsCosts and and yieldsyieldsAnnual solar balance

system efficiency

collectorefficiency

absorbedradiation

solarirradiance

optical losses

solar heat lossesat the collector

solar heat losses in the collectorcircuit

solar heat losses in the domestic water store

solar heat lossesin the domestic water distributionsystem


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Specific solar heat yield [kWh/m²a]


0

100

200

300

400

500

0 1 2 3 4 5

N°

kWh/

m²a


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costs of a flat collector plant in Germany


solar thermal systems for domestic water heating

- annual output factor: 35 – 40%- annual energy yield: 350 – 400 kWh/m²a- specific collector costs: e.g. 200 – 350 €/m²- specific system costs: 800 – 1.000 €/m²- plant costs for a single-family house (5 m²/300l): 4.000 – 5.000 €

incl. mounting


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Bund: MarktanreizprogrammSolare Warmwasserbereitung:84 EUR pro m² BruttokollektorflächeSolare Heizungsunterstützung:110 EUR pro m² Bruttokollektorfläche

Hamburg: Klimaschutzprogramm „Heizung + Solar“160 EUR pro m² bei Flachkollektoren180 EUR pro m² bei VakuumröhrenkollektorenGroßanlagen ab 30 m²: 90 EUR pro m²

SolarradiationSolarradiation -- ComponentsComponents -- Systems Systems –– DimensioningDimensioning –– CostsCosts and and yieldsyields

Ferderal office: ‘Market incentive program‘solar domestic water heating:54 EUR per m² gross collector areasolar heating support70 EUR per m² gross collector area

Hamburg: ‘climate protection program „heating + solar“160 EUR per m² for glazed flat plate collectors180 EUR pro m² for evacuated tube collectorsLarge plants after 30 m²: 90 EUR per m²


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Subsidies for SWH systems for households and companies

last calllaunched in 2004

Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning, Department for energy efficiency and renewable Energy

up to 50 %investmentcosts undercertainconditions

Companiesinvestmentsolarthermalsystems

Call launched every year

Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning, Department for energy efficiency and renewable Energy

up to 40% of investment but notmore than 125 €/m2 per builtin solar collector or 2.083 € for the whole System

Householdsinvestmentsolarthermalsystems

No investment subsidies available for camping sites ?


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No special laws regarding legionella prevention ?



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SolarCheckers tools:

- Checklist- Solar report- T*SOLCAMP


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ChecklistChecklist –– Solar Solar reportreport –– T*SOLCAMPT*SOLCAMP

Checklist-> Word


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Checklist Checklist –– Solar Solar reportreport –– T*SOLCAMPT*SOLCAMP

T*SOLCAMP-> Programme


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Checklist Checklist –– Solar Solar reportreport –– T*SOLCAMPT*SOLCAMP

Solar report-> Word


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Thank you for your attention!

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