stress biosensor

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STRESS MANAGEMENT BIOSENSOR This biosensor measures stress reactions at the skin level   electrodermal activity  and sends data to smart device. That data feeds into Apps, which, using biofeedback, helps our mind learn how to manage stress. Our levels of stress fluctuate continuously   significant changes happen in fractions of a second; and with the fluctuation, the electrical properties of our skin change. The skin at our fingertips acts as a particularly sensitive indicator (Galvanic Skin Responds).When we held this biosensor in our fingertips: it detects the rise and fall of stress, and feeds data into an app at the rate of 8 times per second. This biosensor combines precision engineered gold plated sensors, proprietary algorithms and signal processing technology to ensure accurate stress level reading. This biosensor uses biofeedback to empower us to manage personal stress. It monitors changes in our stress levels, in real time.  The Apps reflect these changes. The more we relax, the better we perform. This feedback helps us identify what relaxes us, training the mind to manage personal stress.

Transcript of stress biosensor

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STRESS MANAGEMENT BIOSENSOR

This biosensor measures stress reactions at the skin level – electrodermal activity – and sends

data to smart device. That data feeds into Apps, which, using biofeedback, helps our mind learn how to

manage stress.

Our levels of stress fluctuate continuously – significant changes happen in fractions of a second;

and with the fluctuation, the electrical properties of our skin change. The skin at our fingertips acts as a

particularly sensitive indicator (Galvanic Skin Responds).When we held this biosensor in our fingertips: it

detects the rise and fall of stress, and feeds data into an app at the rate of 8 times per second. This

biosensor combines precision engineered gold plated sensors, proprietary algorithms and signal

processing technology to ensure accurate stress level reading.

This biosensor uses biofeedback to empower us to manage personal stress. It monitors changes

in our stress levels, in real time. The Apps reflect these changes. The more we relax, the better we

perform. This feedback helps us identify what relaxes us, training the mind to manage personal stress.

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GSR (GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE)

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), is a method of measuring the electrical conductance of the skin, 

which varies depending on the amount of sweat-induced moisture on the skin. Sweat is controlled by

the sympathetic nervous system,[1]

  so skin conductance is used as an indication of psychological or

physiological arousal.  If the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is highly aroused,then sweat gland activity also increases, which in turn increases skin conductance. In this way, skin

conductance can be used as a measure of emotional and sympathetic responses.[2]

  There has been a

long history of electrodermal activity research, most of it dealing with spontaneous fluctuations or

reactions to stimuli.

The human body produces several measurable signals that indicate activity in various

systems.One such biosignal is galvanic skin response  (GSR,) also referred to as electrodermal activity 

(EDA.) GSR reflects activation of the autonomic nervous system,  which is responsible for control of

visceral functions such as heart rate, digestion, respiration, and perspiration. The majority of these

functions operate on an unconscious level. (Regardless of whether you remembered to breath or not,

there you are, still alive and reading, but you can just as easily jump in and take over for the auto-pilot if

you want. Try doing that   with your stomach!) More specifically, GSR is linked to activity in the

sympathetic nervous system.  As a part of the autonomic nervous system, the sympathetic nervous

system stimulates metabolic output to deal with external challenges. When the body is under stress,

the sympathetic nervous system responds by elevating heart rate, blood pressure, and sweat

production, as well as redirecting blood from the digestive system to the skeletal muscles, lungs, and

brain in preparation for motor activity. Another way of thinking of the sympathetic nervous system is as

your “fight or flight” regulator. 

GSR is considered to be a function of sweat gland activity and pore size. As the body comes

under stress, sweat production increases, and the sweat ducts fill. Sweat is a weak electrolyte and a

good conductor, so GSR is measured by applying a low voltage electric current to the skin. Increased

sweat production creates several low resistance pathways across the surface of the skin. A relaxed

subject with drier skin will have a higher electrical resistance, while a subject under stress will produce

more sweat, having skin with a lower electrical resistance. Typically, two electrodes are placed across

the palm, fingers, or the base of a foot, where the density of eccrine sweat glands is highest (>

2000/cm2.) Recent research has found the underside of the forearm to be an acceptable measurement

site as well. This option has a higher signal to noise ratio than measuring sites on the hands, but it will

be important to consider later in the project, as hand sensors may interfere with game play.

Galvanic skin response (GSR) or Electrodermal Response (EDR) measures the amount that you

sweat by monitoring changes in your sweat glands. It does this using the markers of water and salt in

your sweat. When you are stressed your sweat glands become more active and you sweat more. I am

sure you have noticed that when you are nervous about something you are more likely to sweat. The

more water and salt there is on your skin the more your skin is able to conduct electricity because

water, and especially salty water, is a good conductor of electricity. A GSR machine is able to measure

the conductivity of your skin, send out a signal either as sound or light and thus give a clear idea of how

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stressed you are. The machine has sensors that are usually attached to your fingertips and it helps you

to learn to monitor your stress levels and become more relaxed.

A GSH machine is able to measure the conductivity of your skin, send out a signal either as

sound or light and thus give a clear idea of how stressed you are. The machine has sensors that are

usually attached to your fingertips and it helps you to learn to monitor your stress levels and becomemore relaxed.

GSR provides a simple, reproducible method of capturing autonomic nerve response.

A disruption of autonomic balance reflects increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Research has

shown that this increased activity, measured as the amount of current conduction of the skin, is linked

to increased stress levels as demonstrated in experiments involving physical, emotional, and cognitive

tasks.

Pengaruh Tegangan Kulit Pada Kondisi Tubuh Manusia

Tegangan dari kulit sangat berpengaruh terhadap perubahan tingkat ketegangan manusia. Teganganpada kulit manusia menurut penelitian, tegangan kulit manusia dalam keadaan normal berkisar antara

1-3 mili Volt, dan apabila manusia sedang mengalami tingkat ketagangan yang tinggi bisa melebihi dari 3

mili Volt. Pada tubuh manusia tingkatan kondisi tubuh dibagi menjadi 4 golongan, yaitu :

· Rilexed

· Calm

· Tense

· Stressed

Tabel Pengaruh Kondisi Ketegangan Terhadap Perubahan Tegangan Kulit

Alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur ketegangan manusia biasanya menggunakan suatu alat

yang bernama Galvanic Skin Response (GSR). Cara mengukur dari tegangan kulit adalah dengan

memasang sensor elektroda permukaan kulit pada bagian kedua lengan tangan selama 60 detik, hal ini

dikarenakan selain pemasangannya yang praktis, kondisi kulit tangan yang tidak berkeringat dan

cenderung kering, sangat baik sebagai tempat pemasangan elektroda. Dimana nilai dari tegangan kulit

yang diukur, apabila diukur dengan mengunakan alat ukur tegangan kulit (GSR) maka nilai dari hasil

pengukuran akan sama dengan tegangan pada tubuh manusia yang diukur. Setelah dilakukan penelitian

maka didapatkan hasil dari pengukuran tegangan kulit menggunakan alat GSR dalam berbagai kondisi

tubuh didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut:

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Tabel hasil pengukuran GSR

BIOFEEDBACK

Biofeedback, also known as neurotherapy, is a progressive relaxation and self-

regulationtechnique used to control one’s own stress level (Wenk-Sormaz, 2005). If a person can use

these techniques to gain self-control they have a better chance of overall wellness. The practice ofbiofeedback can help reduce chronic pain symptoms (Turk, Swanson, & Tunks, 2008) along with stress

symptoms (Clayton, 2005), and serve as an alternative method of healthcare as opposed to drugs.

Biofeedback is the process of gaining greater awareness of many physiological  functions

primarily using instruments that provide information on the activity of those same systems, with a goal

of being able to manipulate them at will.[1][2]

  Some of the processes that can be controlled include

brainwaves, muscle tone, skin conductance, heart rate and pain perception.[3]

 

Biofeedback may be used to improve health, performance, and the physiological changes that often

occur in conjunction with changes to thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Eventually, these changes may

be maintained without the use of extra equipment, for no equipment is necessarily required to practice

biofeedback.[2]

 

Three professional biofeedback organizations, the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and

Biofeedback  (AAPB), Biofeedback Certification International Alliance  (BCIA), and the International

Society for Neurofeedback and Research (ISNR), arrived at a consensus definition of biofeedback in

2008:

“  is a process that enables an individual to learn how to change physiological activity for the purposes

of improving health and performance. Precise instruments measure physiological activity such as

brainwaves, heart function, breathing, muscle activity, and skin temperature. These instruments

rapidly and accurately 'feed back' information to the user. The presentation of this information — 

often in conjunction with changes in thinking, emotions, and behavior —  supports desired

physiological changes. Over time, these changes can endure without continued use of an

instrument.[2]

 

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Biofeedback therapy is a technique which helps you to control your stress and anxiety by

learning to use and control signals from your body.

HOW GSR INSTRUMENTS WORK

All instruments consist of four basic parts:

1) Sensors -- connect to the body, usually the palms or fingers,

2) Amplifier -- allows the minute changes in the skin response to become strong

enough to activate the oscillator.

3) Oscillator - vibrates in the audible frequency range

4) Signal readout – might be a light, a meter, a speaker, and/or an ink writer

oscilloscope

The GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) is the most useful biofeedback instrument. It is also the least costly tomanufacture and the simplest to operate. The use of audible output is probably the best kind of

feedback mode because it allows people to close their eyes and thus be free of visual distractions while

they are working with the instrument.

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METHOD

The output of the system is fed back through a sensor measurement to a control unit, which takes the

error between a reference and the output to change the inputs to the system under control. A relatively

new class of closed loop models are biofeedback systems: closed loops that take a human into the loop;

see also Figure 1. The descriptions of these biofeedback systems target various areas but are essentially

the same, comprising: sensors, processing, influencing algorithm (feedback decision), and actua-tors. In

essence, biofeedback systems for stress re-duction are described by four basic steps:

1. 

Sensing. Data collection starts at the sensors, where a raw signal is generated that contains an

indication of a person’s mental state, e.g. his stress level. Relevant signals can include both overt

and covert bodily signals, such as facial camera recordings, movements, speech samples, and

biosignals.

2.  Signal Processing + Pattern Recognition.  Ex-ploiting signal features that could contain stress

level information; for example, the number of peaks in the ElectroDermal Activity (EDA) signal

can be counted, serving as a measure for stress. For more information on this step, we refer to

(van den Broek et al., 2010).

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3.  Influencing Algorithm. Given the obtained af-fective state of the user, a decision is made as to

what feedback to provide to the user. Next, we will provide various examples of this.

4.  Feedback Actuators. The feedback is provided by a set of actuators. Such actuators can di-rectly

communicate with our body, either physi-cally (Hatzfeld et al., 2010) or chemically (Mielle et al.,

2010). Alternatively, actuators can commu-nicate indirectly and influence our environment aswe sense it either consciously or unconsciously; for instance, a song can be played or lighting

can be activated to create a certain ambiance. The op-timal way to present this feedback

information is part of the field of Human-Computer Interaction.

The feedback is determined by biosignals but is most often of another modality itself. This pro-vides a

seemingly infinite number of possibilities to provide the (bio)feedback. Audio and Video: (i) The RelaxTV

concept uses a biosensor to monitor the relaxation of a person.

Biofeedback techniques were developed to use breathing guidance for deep relaxation of a televi-sion

viewer (Ouwerkerk, 2011) and (ii) A person-alized affective music player to augment music experience

and direct the listener’s mood (Janssen et al., 2012), for instance to a relaxed state. 

PIP BIOSENSOR

The PIP is a revolutionary biosensor  that helps you really learn to relax, improve your

performance in any aspect of your life and combat stress. The PIP achieves this through biofeedback 

which is a process where the user learns to control an aspect of their physiology that they are not

usually aware of. By providing continuous information on whether or not they are “doing the right

thing”, the user evolves a personal strategy that produces the desired result. 

When you are in a stressful situation your body's flight or fight response is activated. As a result,

blood is rushed to the periphery of the body which causes your sweat glands to activate. This activation

changes the conductivity of your skin and is referred to as the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR). Held

between your finger and thumb, the PIP captures those changes and transmits them, via Bluetooth, to

your mobile device.

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The PIP has emerged from research and development in the exciting “Quantified Self” space,

and empowers the user to develop relaxation skills using biofeedback. The PIP continuously monitors

the electrical conductance of the user's skin in real time. Our algorithm analyzes and extracts meaningful

features from this data. These features are then used to provide information to the user as to how their

performance within the game is affecting change in their galvanic skin response.

Relax & Race

Relax & Race is the racing game where victory is achieved only by "out-relaxing" your opponent.

Competitive games normally predispose the player to a state of increased tension, but in Relax & Race,

you must discover how to override this tendency, and learn not only to relax, but to relax in a stressful

environment. The game takes the form of a race between two characters. Your stress level is used to

determine your speed in the race: the more you relax, the faster you go. The winner is the player whomanages to relax the most during the course of the game.

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PIP Components & Assembly