Stufenübergreifendes ICT-Entwicklungskonzept

5/13/2018 Stufenübergreifendes ICT-Entwicklungskonzept - slidepdf.com

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Nùdr~`jì~ aór

Bfcnpih pin Kpc~pr

W~paìób`rhr`faìn`wFG^*@i~xfgkcpihwklizù~

aór nf` Wgmpcìn`w Kdi~liw Wlcl~mpri



W~paìób`rhr`faìn`w FG^*@i~xfgkcpihwklizù~ aór nf` Wgmpcì n`w Kdi~liw Wlcl~mpri

4

4) @fic`f~pih 2

4)4 Dpwhdihwcdh` 2

4)2 Dpbdp n`w w~pìób`rhr`fìnì FG^*@i~xfgkcpihwklizù~w 7

4)7 B`zph zpj b`w~`mìnì C`mrucdi n`r Qlckwwgmpc` 7

2) Bfcnpih brdpgm~ FG^ >

2)4 @fiómrpih >

2)2 C`ridrhpjì~ >

2)7 C`bìwx`c~drhpjì~ 8

2)> _pkpi~wdrhpjì~ =

2)0 @zfìzdrhpjì~ 6

7) FG *W~dindrnw ór nì Kdi~li Wlcl~mpri 44

7)4 @fic`f~ìn` B`j`rkpihì 44

7)2 Rà`}fli pin Q`rmdc~ì 42

7)7 Kìi~ifww` pin A`r~fhk`f~ì 4>

7)> @prlu`di Gljup~`r Nrfqfih Cfgìg` fi n`r Wgmpc` 75

>) _`f~h`îww` pin @fibdp fi W~pinì~d`c pin Pi~`rrfgm~ 74

>)4 Qlrb`j`rkpihì 74

>)2 JWU pin W`kpindrw~p` F 74

0) J`nfìnfndk~fwgm` Ób`rc`hpihì zpj @fiwd~z qli FG^ 72

0)4 Qlrb`j`rkpihì 72

0)2 C`f~h`ndikì 72

0)7 Rlcc` n`r C`mru`rwli 77

0)> Rlcc` n`r C`riìnì 77

0)0 @fiwd~z qli FG^ 7>0)1 @fiwd~z n`w Fi~`ri`~w 70

0)8 C`riwl~xdr` 71

0)= _`f~cfgm` pin lrhdifwd~lrfwgm` Dwu`k~` n`r FG^*Ip~zpih 78

0)6 C`rilrjì b`f n`r Ip~zpih qli FG^ 7=

0)45 Wlzfdclrjì 7=

0)44 Pjhdih jf~ Drb`f~w`rh`bifwwì 76

0)42 Pjhdih jf~ urlbc`jd~fwgmì Dwu`k~ì qli FG^ 76

1) ^ gmifwgm` pin lrhdifwd~lrfwgm` @ju`mcpihì >5

1)4 Q`rx`fw dp nì `npgdhpfn` Firdw~rpk~pr >5

1)2 Hrpinwî~z` -dpw n`j `npgdhpfn` Firdw~rpk~pr& >51)7 Drb`f~wh`rî~` -dpw n`j `npgdhpfn` Firdw~rpk~pr& >4

1)> Fi~`ri`~,Q`ri`~zpih -dpw n`j `npgdhpfn` Firdw~rpk~pr& >2

1)0 W`rq`r -dpw n`j `npgdhpfn` Firdw~rpk~pr& >2

1)1 U`rfum`rf` -dpw n`j `npgdhpfn` Firdw~rpk~pr& >7

1)8 Wpuulr~ -dpw n`j `npgdhpfn` Firdw~rpk~pr& >7

1)= Wfgm`rm`f~ -dpw n`j `npgdhpfn` Firdw~rpk~pr& >>

1)6 Dpw* pin X`f~`rbfcnpih -dpw n`j `npgdhpfn` Firdw~rpk~pr& >>

1)45 Afidizì -dpw n`j `npgdhpfn` Firdw~rpk~pr& >0

1)44 Kdi~liwwu`zfwgm` Wlccx`r~` >0

Hclwwdr >1

Tp`ccì pin Cf~`rd~pr >=



2

4) @fic`f~pih

4)4 Dpwhdihwcdh`

Filrjd~fliw* pin Kljjpifkd~fliw~`gmilclhf` -FG^&

urîh~ fi piw`r`r H`w`ccwgmd~ `fiì fjj`r hrñww`rì

^`fc n`r Drb`f~w* pin C`bìwx`c~) Nf`w` @i~xfgkcpih

jdgm~ dpgm qlr n`r Wgmpc` ifgm~ Mdc~) C`mru`rwliì#

Wgmpcì pin Wgmpcb`mñrnì wfin h`lrn`r~# wfgm jf~

n`j ^m`jd FG^ pin Wgmpc` dpw`fidin`rzpw`~zì)

Fj Odmr` 4662 xprn` fj Kdi~li Wlcl~mpri `rw~jdcw `fi

Filrjd~fkc`mrucdi ór nf` Qlckwwgmpc` fih`ómr~) Fi

nì lchìnì Odmrì ì~xfgk`c~` wfgm fj Kdi~li Wlcl*

~mpri nf` Ip~zpih qli FG^ fi nì Wgmpcì w`mr pi~`r*

wgmf`ncfgm) Jdih`cw kdi~lidc`r Kllrnfid~fli xprnì

fi qf`cì H`j`finì nf` hc`fgmì Urlbc`j` j`mrdgm

h`cñw~)

Jf~ n`j _f`c `fi`r b`ww`rì kdi~lidcì Kllrnfid~fli

jdgm~` n`r Kdi~li Wlcl~mpri fj Odmr 2552 `fi` Url*

o`k~`fihdb` fj Rdmjì n`r id~flidcì Bfcnpihwfif~fd*

~fq` UUU*WfI -«Upbcfg Urfqd~` Udr~i`rwgmd~ ‗ Wgmpc` fj

I`~z»& zpr Wgmdpih fi`w kdi~lidcì FG^*Klju`~ìz*

zì~rpjw) Jf~ `fi`r Bpin`wjf~idizf`rpih ór nr`fOdmr` w~dr~`~` ndrdp mfi dj 4) Durfc 255> ndw FG^*Klj*

u`~ìzzì~rpj ^LU di n`r ndjdcfhì Uîndhlhfwgmì

Mlgmwgmpc` Wlcl~mpri# m`p~fh`r Adgmmlgmwgmpc` Ilrn*

x`w~wgmx`fz) Jf~ n`r Idjìwh`bpih n`w FG^*Klju`*

~ìzzì~rpjw ^LU xprnì nf` nr`f @gku`fc`r nìf`r~?

^ ór `gmifk# L ór Lrhdifwd~fli# U ór Uîndhlhfk)

Dcw fi`w n`r xfgm~fhw~ì Urlo`k~zf`c` xprn` nf`

Dpwdrb`f~pih fi`w w~pìób`rhr`fìnì FG^*@i~xfgk*

cpihwklizù~w ór Kfin`rhdr~ì# Urfjdrw~p`# W`k F pin

W`k FF nìf`r~) @w pi~`rw~ó~z~ Wgmpcc`f~pihì# FG^*Q r*

di~xlr~cfgm`# C`mru`rwliì pin Wgmpcb`mñrnì dcw

Mfc`w~`ccpih pin nfì~ dcw Rfgm~cfif` b`f n`r Ucdipih#

Ip~zpih pin n`j B`~rf`b qli FG^ fi n`r Wgmpc`)

Ndw ipi qlrcf`hìn` w~pìób`rhr`fìn` FG^*@i~xfgk*

cpihwklizù~ xprn` pi~`r n`r C`f~pih qli B`d~ Nñb`cf

Mli`hh`r pin W~dic`v Wgmxdb zpwdjjì jf~ Wfbvcc`

Kcdv# B`d~ Mî`cf# pin Nf`~`r Afwgmcfi qli Lk~lb`r 2550

bfw Opif 2558 `rdrb`f~`~) Ndb`f wfin Rógkj`cnpihì

lchìn`r Hr`jfì `fihàlwwì?

‗ Kdi~lidc` FG^*W~djj~fwgm` -Jîrz pin Jdf 2551&)

‗ FG *W~rd~`hf`~dh n`r Kdi~liwwgmpc` Wlcl~mpri

-Durfc 2551&)

‗ 2BF^W*Kprwkdn`r~r`ì -Opif 2551&)

‗ FG *^rî ór Wgmpcc`f~pihì pin FG *Q`rdi~xlr~*

cfgm` -Wù~`jb`r 2551&)

Didihw 2558 xprn` ndw w~pìób`rhr`fìn` FG^*@i~*

xfgkcpihwklizù~ fi Dbwurdgm` jf~ n`j NBK pin n`j

DQK fi x`f~`r`w Jdc ób`rdrb`f~`~) Ndb`f xprn` fiwb`*

wlin`r` fi` @i~cdw~pih n`r W~p` KHP qlrhìljjì)




7

4)2 Dpbdp n`w w~pìób`rhr`fìnì

FG^*@i~xfgkcpihwklizù~w

Ndw w~pìób`rhr`fìn` FG^*@i~xfgkcpihwklizù~ fw~

fi lchìn` Kduf~`c pi~`r~`fc~?

‗ Bfcnpih brdpgm~ FG^? Drhpjì~` zpr Ip~zpih qli

FG^ fi nì Wgmpcì `rc`fgm~`ri nf` Alrjpcf`rpih

`fi`w J`nfìc`f~bfcn`w pin r`hì ì~wur`gmìn`

Nfwkpwwfliì di)

‗ FG^*R`h`cw~dindrnw? Wf` kcîrì nf` Dphdbì

n`r `fiz`ciì Wgmpcw~pì pin nf` Wgmif~~w~`ccì

zxfwgmì nì `fiz`ciì Wgmpcw~pì)

‗ _`f~h`îww` pin W~pinì~d`c? Mf`r x`rnì nf`

bìñ~fh~ì z`f~cfgmì R`wwlprgì `w~h`c`h~)

‗ J`nfìnfndk~fwgm` Ób`rc`hpihì? Nfndk~fwgm`

Mfix`fw` ñrn`ri pin q`r`fidgmì nf` Ip~zpih

qli FG^ fj Pi~`rrfgm~)

‗ ^ gmifwgm` pin lrhdifwd~lrfwgm` @ju`mcpi*

hì? Mfix`fw` m`cì b`f n`r B`wgmdpih pin n`j

B`~rf`b qli wgmpcfwgmì Filrjd~fkjf~~`ci)

4)7 B`zph zpj b`w~`mìnì

C`mrucdi n`r Qlckwwgmpc`

Ndw qlrcf`hìn` FG^*@i~xfgkcpihwklizù~ bdp~ dp

nì uîndhlhfwgmì C`f~fn`ì n`w Wlcl~mprifwgmì

C`mrucdiw dpw n`j Odmr 4662 dp) N`r b`w~`mìn` C`mr*

ucdi n`r Qlckwwgmpc` jdgm~ fj Kduf~`c 42 «B`wlin`r`

@rzf`mpihwdicf`hì»# fj Dbwgmif~~ 1 «J`nfì`rzf`*

mpih» b`n`p~ìn` Dpwwdhì zpj ^m`jd J`nfìbfc*

npih) Nf`w` Alrn`rpihì mdbì ifgm~ ipr idgm xf` qlr

Hóc~fhk`f~# wf` wfin m`p~zp~dh` wlhdr ilgm xfgm~fh`r dcw

4662) @w fw~ xfgm~fh# ndww nf` Dicf`hì n`r J`nfìbfc*

npih fi dccì Wgmpcw~pì pjh`w`~z~ x`rnì)

Nf` lchìnì Dpwwdhì bfcn`~ì nf` Dpwhdihwcdh` ór

nf` @rdrb`f~pih n`w FG^*@i~xfgkcpihwklizù~w?

‗ N`r jljì~di hóc~fh` C`mrucdi ór nf` Qlckwwgmpc`

-C`mrucdi 4662& jdgm~ ipr ór nf` W`kpindrw~p` F

`}ucfzf~` Dpwwdhì zpj ^m`jd Filrjd~fk)

‗ N`r C`mrucdi wf`m~ ór nf` W`kpindrw~p` F

b`r`f~w `fi _`f~h`îww qli >5 C`k~fliì fii`rmdcb

qli 2 Wgmpcodmrì qlr)

‗

N`r C`mrucdi q`rzfgm~`~ b`xpww~ dp `fi` nfndk*~fwgm` Mfc`w~`ccpih# z`fh~ o`nlgm dimdin qli qf`r

Jln`ccì# xf` nf` lrhdifwd~lrfwgm` Fi~`hrd~fli

qli FG^ fi nì Pi~`rrfgm~ `rlchì wlcc) N`r @i~*

wgm`fn# x`cgm`w Jln`cc Hóc~fhk`f~ `rcdih~# xfrn

o`n`r Wgmpc` ób`rcdwwì)

‗ N`r C`mrucdi qli 4662 z`fh~ fj Kduf~`c 2 zpj

^m`jd «Nfndk~fwgm` C`f~fn`ì»# ndww nf` b`w~`mì*

nì Pi~`rrfgm~wlrjì jf~ nì `rx`f~`r~ì C`ri*

lrjì `rhîiz~ x`rnì wlccì)



>

2) Bfcnpih brdpgm~ FG^

2)4 @fiómrpih

@w `}fw~f`rì zdmcr`fgm` Drhpjì~` ór nf` Fi~`hrd~fli

qli Filrjd~fliw* pin Kljjpifkd~fliw~`gmilclhf`

-FG^& fi nf` Wgmpc`) Pj nf`w` zp lrniì pin h`xfgm~ì#

fnì~fzf`r~ n`r FG^*Kljudww n`r Uîndhlhfwgmì Mlgm*

wgmpc` n`r Adgmmlgmwgmpc` Ilrnx`w~wgmx`fz [Brócmdr~

`~ dc) 2550Z qf`r bfcnpihwr`c`qdi~` Drhpjì~d~fliwrfgm*

~pihì?

C`ridrhpjì~

FG^ rñi`~ i`p` C`ri* pin C`mrjñhcfgmk`f~ì

C`bìwx`c~drhpjì~

FG^ urîh~ piw`r` C`bìwx`c~

_pkpi~wdrhpjì~

FG^*Kìi~fww` wfin xfgm~fh ór nf` B`rpwx`c~

pin nf` x`f~`r` Dpwbfcnpih

@zfìzdrhpjì~

Jf~ FG^ cdwwì wfgm h`xfww` Dbcîp` `zfì~`rh`w~dc~ì

2)2 C`ridrhpjì~

2)2)4 Dp n`r wgmxf`rfhì Wpgm`

idgm n`j nfndk~fwgmì J`mrx`r~

Ób`r nì wl hìdii~ì nfndk~fwgmì J`mrx`r~ qli FG^

xfrn w`f~ B`hfii n`w FG^*@fiwd~z`w fi Wgmpcì h`lrwgm~#

h`wgmrf`bì pin nfwkp~f`r~) Nf` Ardh`# lb pin xf` FG^

ndw C`riì ñrn`r~# fw~ ilgm ifgm~ dbwgmcf`wwìn h`kcîr~)

@w `}fw~f`rì zdmcr`fgm` Pi~`rwpgmpihì# nf` `fiì

nfndk~fwgmì J`mrx`r~ b`fj @fiwd~z qli FG^ dpz`fhì)

Ndi`bì wfin db`r dpgm W~pnfì nprgmh`ómr~ xlrnì#

nf` k`fiì mñm`rì C`ri`rlch `rjf~~`c~ ln`r wlhdr

`fiì q`rjfin`r~ì C`ri`rlch b`f n`r Q`rxìnpih

qli FG^ `w~h`w~`cc~ mdbì) @fiì dk~p`ccì Alrwgmpihw*

ób`rbcfgk bf`~`~ z)B) [`npgdhpfn` Nfndk~fk 2558Z pin

[U`~kl ~ dc) 2558Z) X`f~h`mìn @fifhk`f~ m`rrwgm~

o`nlgm b`f lchìnì Dpwwdhì?

‗ Nprgm FG^ dcc`fi` ì~w~`m~ k`fi nfndk~fwgm`r

J`mrx`r~? Ipr b`f h``fhi`~`j @fiwd~z qli FG^ fw~

`fi J`mrx`r~ `rzf`cbdr) Nf` @rkìi~ifw# ndww ndw

bclww` zpr Q`róhpih w~`ccì qli Gljup~`ri ndwC`riì fi k`fi`r X`fw` q`rb`ww`r~# md~ wfgm x`f~h`*

mìn nprgmh`w`~z~)

‗ @fidgm` @rkcîrpihì wfin j`fw~ zp q`r`fi*

dgmìn? O` cîih`r ób`r Xfrkpihì qli FG^

h`lrwgm~ xfrn# n`w~l j`mr z`fh~ wfgm# ndww jlil*

kdpwdc` @rkcîrpihwjln`cc` nf` Xfrkcfgmk`f~ ifgm~

dbzpbfcnì q`rjñhì) Nf` Qlrhîih` pin _pwdj*

jìmîih` b`fj C`riì wfin qf`cwgmfgm~fh pin klj*

uc`}) @i~wur`gmìn nf`rìzf`r~ jpww `fi Pi~`rwp*

gmpihwn`wfhi w`fi# pj wfiiqlcc` @rh`bifww` `rzf`cì

zp kñiiì)

‗ N`r nfndk~fwgm` J`mrx`r~ fw~ ifgm~ ndw `fizf*

h` Drhpjì~# x`cgm`w ór nì @fiwd~z qli FG^

fi n`r Wgmpc` wurfgm~? _p B`hfii n`r Gljup~`r*

ì~xfgkcpih fw~ n`r nfndk~fwgm` J`mrx`r~ l~ nf`

`fizfh` B`hróinpih ór nì @fiwd~z fi n`r Wgmpc`

h`x`wì) Jf~ n`r zpi`mjìnì Q`rbr`f~pih qli

Gljup~`r pin Fi~`ri`~ fi n`r Drb`f~w* pin C`bìw*

x`c~ mdbì dpgm din`r` Drhpjì~` di H`xfgm~

h`xliiì) C`bìwx`c~drhpjì~# _pkpi~wdrhp*

jì~ pin @zfìzdrhpjì~ -w)p)& cf``ri dc~`rid*~fq` Drhpjì~` ór nì FG^*@fiwd~z) Ndnprgm fw~ nf`

dcc`w ì~wgm`fnìn` Alrn`rpih idgm n`j nfndk*

~fwgmì J`mrx`r~ qli FG^ `~xdw dbh`wgmxîgm~

xlrnì)



0

2)2)2 Jñhcfgm` nfndk~fwgm` J`mrx`r~` nprgm FG *@fiwd~z

Fj Alchìnì x`rnì q`rwgmf`nì` Jñhcfgmk`f~ì ór nfndk~fwgm` J`mrx`r~` nprgm FG^*@fiwd~z dph`z`fh~)

Jñhcfgm`r nfndk~fwgm`rJ`mrx`r~

FG^ kdii q`rwgmf`nì`

Rùrîwì~d~fliwlrjìñrn`ri

FG^ `rjñhcfgm~jpc~fj`nfdcì Pi~`rrfgm~

FG^ `rmñm~ nf` X`rkz`ph*

qf`cdc~ b`fj C`riì

FG^ q`r`fidgm~nf` Xf`n`rq`rxìnpihpin Dk~pdcfwf`rpihqli Pi~`rrfgm~wjd~`rfdc

FG^ kdii nf` Jl~fqd~flin`r C`riìnì w~`fh`ri

FG^ bf`~`~ i`p` Jñhcfgmk`f~ìór dpww`rwgmpcfwgm`w C`riì

FG^ ñrn`r~ rx`f~`r~`C`rilrjì -@CA&

B`hróinpih

Jf~ Mfc` qli Qfwpdcfwf rpihì pin Wfjpcd~fliì

wfin jf~ FG^ i`bì wvjblcfwgmì dpgm fklifwgm`

pin idk~fq` Rùrîwì~d~fliì jñhcfgm) Nf`w kdii

ndw Q`rw~îinifw ñrn`ri pin ndjf~ ndw C`riì

b`hóiw~fhì)

Jf~ Mfc` qli FG^ kñiiì pi~`rwgmf`ncfgm` Wfii`wª

kdiîc` dih`wurlgmì x`rnì) Wljf~ rmñmì wfgm

nf` Gmdigì# ndww nf` C`riìnì jf~ Mfc` fmr`r

urî`rf`r~ì Wfii`wkdiîc` c`riì kñiiì)

Nf` C`riìnì mdbì nf` Jñhcfgmk`f~# wfgm ndw zp

C`riìn` jf~ fi`j ór wf` h``fhi`~ì X`rkz`phdizp`fhiì)

Tpdcf~î~ pin Dk~pdcf~î~ n`w Pi~`rrfgm~wjd~`rfdcw

kñiiì ndnprgm rmñm~ x`rnì) Nprgm nì Dpwª

~dpwgm qli Pi~`rrfgm~wjd~`rfdc kñiiì C`mru`rª

wliì zpn`j h`hìw`f~fh qli`fidin`r url~f`rì

pin c`riì)

Jf~ Mfc` qli FG^ kdii ndw Fi~`r`ww` pin nf` C`riª

jl~fqd~fli h`w~`fh`r~ x`rnì)

Nf` fjj`r jlbfc`r pin q`róhbdr`r x`rnìnì

H`rî~` pin fiwb`wlin`r` nf` zpi`mjìn`

Q`ri`~zpih `rjñhcfgmì i`p` Alrjì n`w dpww`rª

wgmpcfwgmì C`riìw)

Ndnprgm kdii nf` @fhìdk~fqf~î~ n`r C`riìnì

h`ñrn`r~ x`rnì wlxf` fi` Finfqfnpdcfwf`rpih

n`w Pi~`rrfgm~w b`zóhcfgm C`ri~`jul ln`r Fimdc~`rjñhcfgm~ x`rnì) B`fn`w wfin di`rkdii~` J`~mlª

nì zpr finfqfnp`ccì Añrn`rpih n`w C`ri`rlchw)

H`hì~m`w`

Wgmc`gm~ fih`w`~z~# kdii FG^ dpgm zp `fi~ñifh`r

Rùrîwì~d~fli ómrì)

Nf` udrdcc`c` B`diwurpgmpih j`mr`r`r Wfii`wkdiîc`

kdii dpgm zp fi`r klhif~fqì Ób`rcdw~pih ómrì)

Jpc~fj`nfd fw~ ifgm~ fi o`n`j Adcc` c`riñrn`rcfgm)

J`mr X`rkz`ph` rmñmì ipr nì Dpxdin#

hdrdi~f`rì db`r ilgm k`fiì nfndk~fwgmì J`mrªx`r~)

Nprgm FG^ fw~ n`r Dpxdin zpr @rw~`ccpih qli

Pi~`rrfgm~wjd~`rfdc h`w~f`hì# nd fi` u`r`k~`r`

Ndrw~`ccpih rxdr~`~ xfrn) Nf`w` rmñm~ db`r nì

C`ri`rlch ifgm~ pib`nfih~)

_pn`j wgm`f~`r~ n`r Dpw~dpwgm qli Pi~`rrfgm~wª

jd~`rfdc pi~`r C`mrªu`rwliì ifgm~ urfjîr di

~`gmifwgmì Mórnì) @w b`ndr `fi`r Mdc~pihwîin`ª

rpih n`r C`mru`rwliì) FG^ dcc`fi` mfc~ mf`r xìfh)

L~ `rwgmñu~ wfgm n`r Jl~fqd~fliwwgmpb idgm kprz`r

_`f~# x`fc w wfgm ipr pj fiì I`pfhk`f~w``k~

-Mdx~mlri`ª@`k~& mdin`c~# n`r ifgm~ cdih` dimîc~)

Dpww`rwgmpcfwgm w C`riì kdii dpgm lmi` FG^

-z)B) jf~ Bógm`ri& h`ñrn`r~ x`rnì) Dpww`rwgmpcfª

wgm`w C`riì jf~ FG^ b`nfih~ urfqd~` FG ªFirdw~rpkª

~pr) Ndjf~ xfrn nf` Gmdigìhc`fgmm`f~ q`rrfih`r~)

B`fn`w kdii dpgm lmi` FG^ rr`fgm~ x`rnì)




1

2)2)7 W~pìwu`zfwgm` Ób`rc`hpihì

zpj C`ridrhpjì~

Nf` B`n`p~pih n`w C`ridrhpjì~w b`hfii~ b`r`f~w dp

n`r W~p` JWU# ifjj~ db`r jf~ n`j Dc~`r n`r C`riìnì

zp# nd jf~ fmr`r klhif~fqì @i~xfgkcpih fjj`r j`mr

n`r lbì hìdii~ì Ul~ìzfdc` dpwh`wgmñu~ x`rnì

kñiiì)

Jñhcfgm`r nfndk~fwgm`rJ`mrx`r~

Jf~ FG^ kdii wfgm nf` Rlcc`n`r C`mru`rwliì x`h qlin`r Xfwwìwq`rjf~~cpih mfizpj C`rigldgm ì~xfgk`ci

N`r @fiwd~z qli FG^ ñrn`r~

nf` J`nfìklju`~ìzn`r C`riìnì

FG^ `rjñhcfgm~ wllr~fh`Rógkj`cnpihì

FG^ rjñhcfgm~ wdik~fliwr`f`Rógkj`cnpihì

FG^ `rjñhcfgm~ `fi` hìdp`r`@rdwwpih n`w finfqfnp`ccìC`rilr~wgmrf~~w

B`hróinpih

B`fj finfqfnpdcfwf`r~ì Pi~`rrfgm~ wfin nf` C`mrª

u`rwliì ifgm~ j`mr Jf~~`cupik~ pin Dp~lrf~î~#

wlin`ri B`hc`f~`rfiiì pin B`hc`f~`r wlxf` B`rd~`ª

rfiiì pin B`rd~`r)

Nf`w` J`nfìklju`~ìz ñrn`r~ xf`n`rpj fmr`

Aîmfhk`f~ zp w`cbw~ h`w~`p`r~`j pin J`nfì h`ªw~ó~z~`j C`riì)

Wllr~fh` Rógkj`cnpihì ñrn`ri ndw C`riì)

Pi~`rwpgmpihì mdbì dph`z`fh~# ndww C`riìn`

`fi`j Gljup~`r h`hìób`r k`fi` i`hd~fqì

H`ómc` i~xfgk`ci# w`cbw~ xìi fmiì nf`w`r xf`ª

n`rmlc~ pin pi`rbf~~cfgm fmr` A`mc`r dpz`fh~)

B`f fi`r C`mru`rwli fw~ ndw Mfix`fwì dp A`mc`r

l~ jf~ `fi`r Krîikpih n`r C`riìnì q`rbpinì)

Wljf~ mdbì nf` C`mru`rwliì b`ww`r` Jñhcfgmª

k`f~ì# fmr` Fi~`rqì~fliì rómz`f~fh pin urîzfw`

dp nf` B`nórifww` n`r C`riìnì dpwzprfgm~ì)

H`hì~m`w`

Nf` Rlcc` n`r C`mru`rwliì kdii wfgm dpgm lmi`

FG^ q`rwgmf`bì) FG^ dcc`fi` hìóh~ ifgm~# pj nf`

Rlcc` n`r C`mru`rwliì zp q`rîin`ri)

Nf`w`w Drhpjì~ fw~ ipr wfiiqlcc# xìi FG^ª@fiwd~z

dpgm dpw din`rì Hróinì c`riñrn`rcfgm fw~)Diwliw~ì mdin`c~ w wfgm pj `fiì W`cbw~zx`gk)

@w b`w~`m~ nf` H`dmr# ndww ndw C`riì dp jdª

wgmfi`cc ób`ruróbdr` A`r~fhk`f~ì pin Kìi~ifww`

dpwh`rfgm~`~ xfrn -^`dgmfihª~lª~m`ª^`w~ª@`k~&)

@w b`w~`m~ nf` H`dmr# ndww ndw C`riì dp jdª

wgmfi`cc ób`ruróbdr` A`r~fhk`f~ì pin Kìi~ifww`

dpwh`rfgm~`~ xfrn -^`dgmfihª~lª~m`ª^`w~ª@`k~&)




8

2)7 C`bìwx`c~drhpjì~

2)7)4 Nf` B`n`p~pih qli FG^ fj C`bì

qli Kfin`ri pin Ophìncfgmì

Nf` C`bìwx`c~ qli Kfin`ri pin Ophìncfgmì fw~ m`p~*

zp~dh` qli fi`r Qf`czdmc qli i`pì J`nfì hùrîh~)

‗ FG^ bf`~`~ Kfin`ri pin Ophìncfgmì i`p` Jñh*

cfgmk`f~ì n`r Upbcfkd~fli pin Kljjpifkd~fli) Wf`

kñiiì `fi` qlrxf`hìn kliwpjf`rìn`# udwwfq`

Rlcc` dcw Kliwpjf`rìn` ln`r db`r `fi` dk~fq` dcw

Urlnpzf`rìn` qli Fimdc~ì pin Kljjpifkd~fliw*

dicîwwì `fii`mjì) Nf`w b``fiapww~ ndw Nìkì

pin Mdin`ci idgmmdc~fh)

‗ Kfin`r pin Ophìncfgm` wfin jf~ `fi`r fjj`r w~îr*

k`rì Nfhf~dcfwf`rpih piw`r`r H`w`ccwgmd~ klirli*

~f`r~# nf` dcc` C`bìwb`r`fgm` b`~rf~) Nf`w` Dp~l*

jd~fwf`rpih# Alrjdcfwf`rpih pin Qfr~pdcfwf`rpih

q`rcdih~ qf`cwgmfgm~fh` Klju`~ìzì fj Pjhdih

jf~ i`pì nfhf~dcì Dih`bl~ì pin Nfìw~c`fw~pi*

hì)‗ Kfin`r pin Ophìncfgm` ip~zì fj dpww`rwgmp*

cfwgmì B`r`fgm i`p` J`nfì pin FG^ ~îhcfgm -WJW#

Fiw~di~ J`wwdhfih pwx)&) Fj H`hìwd~z zpr Hì`rd*

~fli fmr`r @c~`ri# i`mjì wf` FG^ ifgm~ j`mr `}ucfzf~

dcw ^`gmifk xdmr pin h`mì ndnprgm ~ìnìzf`cc

w`cbw~q`rw~îincfgm`r ndjf~ pj) Nf` @c~`ri mdbì

wfgm nf`w` A`r~fhk`f~ì jf~ b`wlin`r`j Dpxdin

di`fhiì jówwì) Nf`w kdii zp `fi`r Q`rwgmf`bpih

n`r Rlccì ómrì? Nf` îc~`rì nfhf~dc fjjfhrdi~w

c`riì h`xfww` Dwu`k~` n`r Filrjd~fliwh`w`cc*

wgmd~ qli nì opihì nfhf~dc id~fq`w [Urìkwv

2554Z)

‗ Nf` W`cbw~w~îinfhk`f~ n`r Ophìncfgmì fi ~`gm*

ifwgmì B`r`fgmì ndr o`nlgm ifgm~ ndrób`r mfi*

x`h~îpwgmì# ndww C`mru`rwliì pin @c~`ri `fi`

zì~rdc` Rlcc` b`f n`r @i~xfgkcpih `fi`w `jdizf*

uf`r~ì J`nfìq`rmdc~ìw wuf`cì) H`j`fiwdj jów*

wì Wgmpc` pin @c~`rimdpw Kfin`r pin Ophìncfgm`

zp q`rdi~xlr~pihwb`xpww~ì Jìwgmì `rzf`mì

pin Jñhcfgmk`f~ì pin Hrìzì# Gmdigì pin H`*

dmrì n`r m`p~fhì J`nfì pin n`r fjj`r x`f~`rlr~wgmr`f~ìnì nfhf~dcì X`c~ dpz`fhì)

N`r Pjhdih jf~ FG^ pin i`pì J`nfì xfrn ór Kfi*

n`r pin Ophìncfgm` ipr ndii zp `fi`j x`wì~cfgmì

@c`jì~ fmr`r @i~xfgkcpih zp q`ripi~b`hdb~ì pin

jóinfhì Jìwgmì# xìi @c~`ri pin Wgmpc` fi nf`wì

Urlz`ww n`w W`fiw pin X`rnìw pi~`rw~ó~zìn db`r

dpgm r`hpcf`rìn `fixfrkì) Nf`w w`~z~ qlrdpw# ndww

@c~`ri pin C`mru`rwliì wfgm w`cbw~ dk~fq fjj`r xf`n`r

jf~ i`pì `gmilclhfì pin fmrì h`w`ccwgmd~cfgmì

Kliw`tpìzì dpw`fidin`r w`~zì)

2)7)2 W~pìwu`zfwgm` Ób`rc`hpihì

zpj C`bìwx`c~drhpjì~

B`r`f~w dp n`r JWU*W~p` fw~ nf` dpww`rwgmpcfwgm` Ip~*

zpih qli FG^ b`f Kfin`ri m`p~` hrlww) Wljf~ jpww nf`

M`rdpwbfcnpih qli J`nfìklju`~ìz b`r`f~w wgmli

dp nf`w`r W~p` b`hfiiì pin xîmrìn n`r h`wdj~ì

Wgmpcz`f~ n`r @i~xfgkcpih qli Kfin`ri pin Ophìn*

cfgmì dihùdww~ x`rnì)



=

2)> _pkpi~wdrhpjì~

2)>)4 B`n`p~pih pin Ul~ìzfdc` qli FG^

fi W~pnfpj pin B`rp

FG^ kljj~ b`fj @fiw~f`h fi nf` B`rpwx`c~ pin fiw

W~pnfpj `fi` zì~rdc` B`n`p~pih zp) FG^ fw~ `fi`

Kpc~pr~`gmifk# n`rì Dixìnpih m`p~` fi w`mr qf`cì

B`rpì pin W~pnfìrfgm~pihì qlrdpwh`w`~z~ xfrn)

B`r`f~w b`f n`r B`rpw* ln`r W~pnfìxdmc pin n`r W~`c*

cìwpgm` x`rnì FG^*Kìi~ifww` fjj`r xfgm~fh`r) FG^

kdii nf` b`rpafgmì @i~xfgkcpihwgmdigì qli opihì

@rxdgmwìì jdwwh`bcfgm pi~`rw~ó~zì?

‗ U`rwñicfgm` b`rpafgm` X`f~`rì~xfgkcpih fw~ lmi`

c`bìwcdih`w C`riì pin nf` Aîmfhk`f~ zp w`cbw~lr*

hdifwf`r~`j C`riì fi n`r m`p~fhì H`w`ccwgmd~ pi*

nìkbdr) Nf`w`w c`bìwcdih` pin w`cbw~lrhdifwf`r~`

C`riì fw~ zpi`mjìn FG^*h`w~ó~z~? c`drifih li n`*

jdin# bcìn`n c`drifih pin nfw~dig` c`drifih wfin

ì~wur`gmìn` Wgmcdhxlr~` nf`w`r @i~xfgkcpih)

‗

FG^ md~ nf` B`rpwx`c~ w~drk q`rîin`r~) Nf` j`fw~ìB`rp` wfin m`p~` dp Filrjd~fliw* pin Kljjp*

ifkd~fliw~`gmilclhf` dih`xf`wì) Nprgm FG^ wfin

fi nì c`~z~ì Odmrì dc~` B`rp` q`rwgmxpinì

pin i`p` B`rp` h`wgmdì xlrnì) Klju`~ì~`r

Pjhdih jf~ FG^ xfrn qli nì Ophìncfgmì fi n`r

B`rpwx`c~ `rxdr~`~)

‗ FG^ `rñi`~ Ophìncfgmì i`p` U`rwu`k~fqì fi

B`zph dp ób`rr`hflidc` bfw mfi zp fi~`rid~flidcì

B`rpwgmdigì nprgm nf` fjj`r w~îrk`r x`rnìn`

hclbdc` Q`ri`~zpih piw`r`r H`w`ccwgmd~)

‗

FG^ kdii `fiì x`r~qlccì B`f~rdh zp nì _pkpi~w*

u`rwu`k~fqì qli Ophìncfgmì c`fw~ì) Pj `fiì

`rlchr`fgmì Ób`r~rf~~ fi nf` B`rpwx`c~ pin fi

x`f~`rómrìn` Wgmpcì zp h`xîmrc`fw~ì# fw~ `w

wljf~ Dphdb` qli @c~`ri pin C`mru`rwliì# nf`

Ophìncfgmì fi n`r Di`fhipih qli FG^*Klju`*

~ìzì zp pi~`rw~ó~zì)

2)>)2 W~pìwu`zfwgm` Ób`rc`hpihì

zpj _pkpi~wdrhpjì~

Ndw _pkpi~wdrhpjì~ md~ dp n`r JWU*W~p` ilgm k`f*

i` hrlww` B`n`p~pih# dpgm xìi jf~ FG^*pi~`rw~ó~z*

~`j Xlgmìucdipi~`rrfgm~ nf` Bdwfw ór c`bìwcdih`w

C`riì pin w`cbw~lrhdifwf`r~`w C`riì h`c`h~ x`rnì

kdii) Ndw _pkpi~wdrhpjì~ xfrn o`nlgm dp n`r

W`kpindrw~p` F pin FF zì~rdc) Dbi`mjìn` Wgmpcì

pin nf` Xfr~wgmd~ mdbì nf`wb`zóhcfgm dpgm klikr`~`

@rxdr~pihì)




6

2)0 @zfìzdrhpjì~

Ndw @zfìzdrhpjì~ b`wdh~# ndww wfgm jf~ FG^ h`*

xfww` Dbcîp` `zfì~`r h`w~dc~ì cdwwì) Fj Bfcnpihw*

b`r`fgm w~ñww~ nf`w`w Drhpjì~ dpw j`mr`rì Hróinì

dp Xfn`rw~din?

‗ Bfcnpih wlcc ifgm~ idgm ñkliljfwgmì Jdwww~îbì

b`pr~`fc~ x`rnì)

‗ Dcc`# nf` jf~ FG^ drb`f~ì# xfwwì# ndww FG^ H`cn pin

Drb`f~ klw~`~ pin nf` Drb`f~w`zfìz w`mr xlmc

dpgm wìkì kdii)

‗ @zfìz xfrn l~ jf~ W~`ccìdbbdp fi Q`rbfinpih

h`brdgm~)

^rl~zn`j clmi~ w wfgm# ndw @zfìzdrhpjì~ iîm`r

dizpwgmdpì# nd wfgm n`r @fiwd~z qli FG^ fi n`r Dpw*

pin X`f~`rbfcnpih fi`r Dpxdin,@r~rdh*Nfwkpwwfli

ifgm~ ì~zf`mì kdii)

2)0)4 Ul~ìzfdc`

Fi n`r Dpw* pin X`f~`rbfcnpih kdii FG^ fi lchìnì

B`r`fgmì zp `fi`r @zfìzw~`fh`rpih ómrì?

‗ Nfw~rfbp~fliwklw~ì? I`p` `c`k~rlifwgm` Upbcf*

kd~fliwjñhcfgmk`f~ì `rjñhcfgmì `fidgm`r`w zpr

Q`róhpih w~`ccì qli Pi~`rrfgm~wjd~`rfdc) Wkrfu~`

kñiiì `c`k~rlifwgm zpr Q`róhpih h`w~`cc~ x`rnì

ln`r dp B`w~`ccpih fi Kc`fidpadh` lmi` Cdh`r*

klw~ì h`nrpgk~ x`rnì -urfi~ li n`jdin&) Uln*

gdw~w kñiiì dbliif`r~ x`rnì pin wfin lr~w* pin

z`f~pidbmîihfh u`r Dpnfl ln`r Qfn`l kliwpjf`r*

bdr) Nrfcc din Urdg~fg`*Óbpihì jówwì ifgm~ j`mr

dp Uduf`r# wlin`ri kñiiì `fidgm`r dp N`wk~luw#

Il~`bllkw# Mdinm`cnw pin dpgm dp Jlbfc~`c`l*

iì fi finfqfnpdcfwf`r~`r Alrj q`r~`fc~ x`rnì)

‗ Filrjd~fliwq`rdrb`f~pih? I`p` `c`k~rlifwgm`

Kljjpifkd~fliw* pin Upbcfkd~fliwjñhcfgmk`f~ì

`rmñmì nf` @zfìz n`r Filrjd~fliwq`rdrb`f*

~pih) Nfhf~dc qlrmdinì` Filrjd~fliì jówwì

ifgm~ j`mr qli Mdin dbh`wgmrf`bì x`rnì# wli*

n`ri kñiiì `zfì~ kluf`r~ x`rnì) Dnjfifw~rd*

~fq` Dbcîp` xf` Licfi`*Dij`cnpihì cdwwì wfgm

jf~ FG^ `zfì~`r h`w~dc~ì)

‗ R`fw`~î~fhk`f~? I`p` `c`k~rlifwgm` Kljjpif*

kd~fliwjñhcfgmk`f~ì -z)B) ^`c`li# @*Jdfc# Gmd~#

Fiw~di~ J`wwdhfih# Qfn`lkli`rìzì# qfr~p`cc`

Kcdwwìzfjj`r pin Alrì& kñiiì zpj ^`fc R`fwì

`rwudrì)

‗ Rdpjb`ndr? N`r wgmpcfwgm` Rdpjb`ndr wfik~ b`f

nfw~dig` c`drifih pin M`fjdrb`f~) Nprgm u`rwñi*

cfgm` jlbfc` FG^*H`rî~` -Il~`bllkw# Mdinm`cnw&

kñiiì fi Wgmpcmîpw`ri dpgm bfwm`r xìfh hìp~z*

~` Rîpj` xf` Hîih` pin Jìwd dcw Drb`f~wrîpj`

ór @fiz`c* pin Hrpuuìdrb`f~ì hìp~z~ x`rnì)

2)0)2 Ip~zpih n`r b`r`f~w urfqd~ qlrmdinìì

Firdw~rpk~pr qli C`riìnì pin C`mrìnì

Urfqd~`# bfwm`r zpj`fw~ dpww`rwgmpcfwgm hìp~z~` FG^*

Firdw~rpk~pr md~ b`f Kfin`ri pin Ophìncfgmì fi nì

c`~z~ì Odmrì jdwwfq zphìljjì?

‗ =1% n`r Wgmx`fz`r Qlckwwgmóc`rfiiì pin Qlckw*

wgmóc`r md~~ì b`r`f~w fj Odmr 2554 zp Mdpw` _p*

hdih zp Gljup~`ri) [If`n`r`r 2557Z

‗ >>% n`r 1* bfw 47*Oîmrfhì fi N`p~wgmcdin b`wf~zì

`fi `fhì`w Mdinv# xlb`f `w b`f nì 42,47 Oîmrfhì

88% wfin) [KFJ*W~pnf` 2551Z

‗ 78% n`r 1* bfw 47*Oîmrfhì fi N`p~wgmcdin b`wf~zì

`fi` ulr~dbc` Wuf`ckliwlc` [KFJ*W~pnf` 2551Z

‗ 05% n`r 42,47 Oîmrfhì fi N`p~wgmcdin b`wf~zì

`fi` `fhì` @*Jdfc*Dnr`ww` [KFJ*W~pnf` 2551Z

‗ =5% Urlzì~ n`r 47* bfw 4=*Oîmrfhì fi Krfìw -CP&

b`wf~zì `fi `fhì`w Mdinv -Tp`cc`? Wlii~dhwz`f*

~pih# 6)45)2550# W~din 2550&Fw~ nf` urfqd~` FG^*Firdw~rpk~pr b`f C`riìnì b`r`f~w



45

hrñww~ì~`fcw qlrmdinì# wl q`rcdh`r~ wfgm n`r Alkpw

b`f n`r Ip~zpih qli FG^ fi n`r Wgmpc` qli fi`j qlr*

hîihfh il~xìnfhì _pwd~zdpxdin zpj jñhcfgmì

_pwd~zip~zì?

B`fwuf`c? Jpww~` nf` C`mru`rwli róm`r ór fi Al~lrl*

jdiurlo`k~ Kdj`rdw lrhdifwf`rì# kñiiì nf` C`riì*

nì m`p~` jf~ fmrì urfqd~ì Jlbfc~`c`liì w`cb`r

Al~lw jdgmì)

2)0)7 K`fi` dcwgmì Mlipihì

dp Klw~ì`fiwudrpihì

B`f n`r Nfwkpwwfli pj jñhcfgm` @zfìzw~`fh`rpihì

jpww db`r dpgm n`p~cfgm qlr dcwgmì Mlipihì

b`zóhcfgm Klw~ì`fiwudrpih h`xdri~ x`rnì) Nf`

bfwm`rfhì @rdmrpihì mdbì h`z`fh~# ndww fi q`r*

wgmf`nì`r Mfiwfgm~ k`fi` Klw~ì`fiwudrpihì jñhcfgm

xdrì?

‗ Ndw @rw~`ccì qli tpdcf~d~fq mlgm w~`mìn`j Pi~`r*

rfgm~wjd~`rfdc klw~`~) ^`gmifwgm h`w`mì cdwwì wfgm

nfhf~dc` Pi~`rrfgm~w`fim`f~ì dp o`n`j urfqd~ì

Gljup~`r lmi` url`wwfli`cc` Mfc` `rw~`ccì) Nf`w

ómr~ zpr dcwgmì Diidmj`# ndww ór nfhf~dc`

Pi~`rrfgm~w`fim`f~ì k`fi` url`wwfli`cc` Pi~`r*

w~ó~zpih j`mr il~xìnfh w`f) Xdw b`f `fi`j Bpgm

nf` Hrdk`rfi pin n`r Hrdk`r pin nf` C`k~lrfi

pin n`r C`k~lr ób`ri`mjì# wlccì ipi b`f nfhf~d*

cì J`nfì n`r Dp~lr pin nf` Dp~lrfi w`cbw~ ób`r*

i`mjì# wl nf` Ób`rc`hpih)

‗ Nfhf~dc`w Jd~`rfdc b`ndr dphrpin n`r ~`gmifwgmì

@i~xfgkcpih w~îinfh`r Ób`rdrb`f~pih) X`gmw`cinÙrlhrdjjq`rwfliì pin Ucd~~lrjì `rlrn`ri ñ*

~`rw `fi` Dk~pdcfwf`rpih bzx) Alrjd~pjxdincpih

qli nfhf~dc`j Pi~`rrfgm~wjd~`rfdc)

‗ Ndw B`~r`pì qli qfr~p`ccì Pi~`rrfgm~wumdwì b`*

iñ~fh~ R`wwlprgì) Xìi Wgmóc`rfiiì pin Wgmóc`r

ln`r W~pnf`rìn` dp qfr~p`ccì C`riucd~~lrjì

Drb`f~ì upbcfzf`rì# fi Nfwkpwwfliwlrì nfwkp~f`*

rì ln`r Urópihì dbc`hì# wl `rlrn`r~ nf`w `fi`

B`~r`ppih nprgm Nlzf`rìn` ln`r ^p~lrfiiì pin

^p~lrì) N`r ndór bìñ~fh~` Dpxdin xfrn l~ pi*

~`rwgmî~z~ ln`r hdr ifgm~ zpr Kìi~ifw hìljjì)

2)0)> W~pìwu`zfwgm` Ób`rc`hpihì

zpj @zfìzdrhpjì~

Dp n`r JWU*W~p` b`~rf~ ndw @zfìzdrhpjì~ qlr

dcc`j nf` C`mru`rwliì? Pi~`rrfgm~wqlrb`r`f~pih# Dpw*

~dpwgm qli Pi~`rrfgm~wjd~`rfdc# Kljjpifkd~fli jf~

@c~`ri pin Wgmpcb`mñrnì cdwwì wfgm jf~ FG^ q`r`fi*

dgmì) Dp n`r W`kpindrw~p` F kdii ndw @zfìzdr*hpjì~ db`r dpgm b`f nì C`riìnì zpj rdhì

kljjì) Nfhf~dc` Filrjd~fliw* pin Dphdbìwdjj*

cpihì ln`r nf` Jñhcfgmk`f~# Drb`f~ì dpgm zpmdpw`

x`f~`rómrì zp kñiiì# wfin jñhcfgm` Ul~ìzfdc` zpr

@zfìzw~`fh`rpih nprgm FG^) Dp n`r W`kpindrw~p` FF

-Hvjidwfì pin B`rpwwgmpcì& wfin u`rwñicfgm` Il~`*

bllkw dcw X`rkz`ph` n`w u`rwñicfgmì Xfwwìwjd*

idh`jì~w nìkbdr) Fi n`r B`rpwwgmpc` kdii nprgm FG^

n`r Dpw~dpwgm jf~ nì Wgmóc`rfiiì pin Wgmóc`ri ób`r

nf` h`rfihì Urîwìzw~pinì mfidpw q`rw~îrk~ x`rnì)

Aróm`r?

Clmi~ wfgm nf`w`r _pwd~zª

dpxdin zpr Lrhdifwd~flin`r Firdw~rpk~pr<

M`p~`?

Xf` cîww~ wfgm nf` qlrmdinì`

urfqd~` Firdw~rpk~prn`r C`riìnì fi n`r Wgmpc`

ip~zì<




44

7)4 @fic`f~ìn` B`j`rkpihì

‗ Dp~`fcpih fi Klju`~ìzb`r`fgm`

_pr B`wgmr`fbpih n`r Klju`~ìzì wfin lchìn`

zx`f B`r`fgm` h`xîmc~ xlrnì?

‗ Rà`}fli pin Q`rmdc~ì)

‗ Kìi~ifww` pin A`r~fhk`f~ì) Nf`w`r B`r`fgm

fw~ xf`n`rpj fi 8 Pi~`rb`r`fgm` h`hcf`n`r~?

B`nfìì# Wgmr`fbì pin C`wì# Jd~m`jd~fwf`*

rì# R`gm`rgmf`rì pin W~rpk~prf`rì qli Nd~ì#

Qfwpdcfwf`rì# J`nfì urlnpzf`rì# Kljjpifzf`*

rì pin Kllu`rf`rì)

‗ B`nfìpihwklju`~ìzì dcw Hrpincdh` ór

x`f~`r` FG^*Klju`~ìzì? Nf` fj B`r`fgm B`nf`*

iì b`wgmrf`bìì Klju`~ìzì bfcnì nf` Hrpin*

cdh` ór nf` x`f~`rì dixìnpihwwu`zfwgmì

Klju`~ìzì) Nf`w` Dp~`fcpih fw~ q`rhc`fgmbdr jf~

n`j Wgmrf~wurdgm`rx`rb? Pj c`wì pin wgmr`fbì

zp kñiiì# jpww jdi zp`rw~ nf` ^`gmifk ndzp b`*m`rrwgmì) Fj Urlz`ww n`w @rc`riìw qli C`wì pin

Wgmr`fbì ì~xfgk`ci wfgm fi x`gmw`cw`f~fh`r Xfr*

kpih ndw Wurdgmh`ómc pin `rx`f~`r~` Aîmfhk`f~ì

xf` ^`}~q`rw~îinifw pin didcv~fwgm`w C`wì)

‗ R`h`cw~dindrnw? Nf` W~dindrnw wfin dcw R`h`c*

w~dindrnw zp q`rw~`mì# nf` fj Pi~`rrfgm~ qli `fi`r

J`mrm`f~ n`r C`riìnì zp `rr`fgmì wfin) O`n`

mñm`r` W~p` b`fimdc~`~ nf` qlrdih`mìnì W~pì

dcw `fcjìh`)

‗ rùpik~` w~d~~ Odmr`wzf`c`? @w xprnì fi Di*

c`mipih di h`wdj~wgmx`fz`rfwgm` B`w~r`bpihì

qf`r ^rùpik~` nìf`r~? @in` >) Kcdww`# @in` 1)

Kcdww`# @in` W`k F pin @in` W`k FF) Fii`rmdcb `fi`w

C`mr`rfiiì* pin C`mr`rklcc`hfpjw jówwì Dbwurd*

gmì h`~rlì x`rnì# xf` nf` lchìnì R`h`c*

w~dindrnw zp `rr`fgmì wfin) Ndw Nìf`rì qli

Odmr`wzf`cì xfn`rwurfgm~ nì zprz`f~ dkzù~f`r~ì

c`ri~m`lr`~fwgmì Hrpinwî~zì)

‗ Urlnpk~`pidbmîihfh` W~dindrnw? Nf` W~dindrnw

wfin wl nìf`r~# ndww wf` pidbmîihfh qli wu`zf*

wgmì Wl~xdrùrlnpk~ì -B`~rf`bwwvw~`j` pin

Dixìnpihwurlhrdjj`& `rr`fgm~ x`rnì kñiiì)

_pr @i~w~`mpih nf`w`r W~dindrnw

‗ _pr @rdrb`f~pih nf`w`w @i~xprw xprnì

p)d) lchìn` Nlkpjì~` kliwpc~f`r~?

[C`mrucdi 4662Z# [Bpgm`r `~ dc) 255>Z#[Bpgm`r `~ dc) 2550Z

‗ Fi nì idgmlchìnì W~dindrnw w~djjì Dpwzóh`

dpw lchìnì Nlkpjì~ì?

/ C`mrucdi n`w Kdi~liw Wlcl~mpri

// @}u`r~ìb`rfgm~ FG^*W~dindrnì~xfgkcpih

-Bpgm`r `~ dc&

7) FG *W~dindrnw ór nì Kdi~li Wlcl~mpri



42

7)2 Rà`}fli pin Q`rmdc~ì

Mdrnxdr`

pinWl~xdr`

JWU 7),>) Kcdww`

Gljup~`rpinFi~`ri`~

Filrjd*~fliìfjFi~`ri`~

NìGljup~`rzpj C`riìip~zì

^m`lr`~fwgm`Hrpincdhì

JWU 0),1) Kcdww`

Nf` C`riìnì‡

‡ q`rxìnì FG^ªH`rî~` wlrhîc~fh)

Nf` C`riìnì‡

‡ q`rxìnì FG^ªH`rî~` wdgmh`r`gm~

pin wlrhîc~fh)

‡ wfin wfgm n`r H`dmrì b`xpww~# nf` nprgm Qfrì#

Xórj`r# Mdgk`r pwx) b`w~`mì pin wgmó~zìwfgm ndqlr)//

‡ rc`bì nì fhìì Pjhdih jf~ n`j

Gljup~`r pin x`rnì wfgm b`xpww~# ndww

nf`w Dpwxfrkpihì dp fmrì Dcc~dh md~)

‡ r a`k~f`rì ób`r nì `fhìì Pjhdih jf~

n`j Gljup~`r# n`j Fi~`ri`~ pin jf~ Nd~ì)

‡ kñiiì nì @fiwd~z n`w Gljup~`rw b`hróinì

pin wfin wfgm ób`r nf` Dpwxfrkpihì qli

Gljup~`r pin Fi~`ri`~ dp nì Dcc~dh b`xpww~)//

‡ h`m i b`xpww~ jf~ u`rwñicfgmì Filrjd~fliì pin

Udwwxñr~`ri pj)

‡ kñiiì nf` M`rkpi~ qli Filrjd~fliì dpw

n`j Fi~`ri`~ -X`bw`f~ì# @ªJdfc& rkìiì pin

nf` _pq`rcîwwfhk`f~ n`r Tp`ccì b`pr~`fcì)

‡ xfwwì# ndww nfhf~dc` Nd~ì jdifupcf`rbdr wfin)//

‡ drb`f~ì jf~ C`riwl~xdr` pin rc`bì

n`rì Qlrª pin Idgm~`fc`)

‡ xîmcì ór ndw `fhì` C`riì mfcr`fgm`

C`riwl~xdr` pin Licfi`ªDih`bl~`)




47

W`k F 8)*6) Kcdww` W`k FF

Nf` C`riìnì‡ Nf` C`riìnì‡

‡ b`dgm~ì b`f n`r H`w~dc~pih fhì`r Drb`f~ì

nf` h`w`~zcfgmì B`w~fjjpihì)

‡ wfin wfgm n`r H`dmrì# nf` ór fi I`~zx`rk# fiì

Gljup~`r pin ór Nd~ì b`w~`mì# b`xpww~ pinxìnì Wfgm`rm`f~wr`h`ci pin Dbx`mrw~rd~`hfì di)

‡ dgm~ì b`f n`r Drb`f~ dp fmr` H`wpinm`f~)//

‡ k iiì nf` Hrpinzóh` n`w Nd~ìwgmp~zh`w`~z w

pin n`w Prm`b`rr`gm~w pin mdin`ci i~wur`gmìn)

‡ wfin wfgm n`r Alchì jfwwbrîpgmcfgmì Pjhdihw

jf~ Nd~ì b`xpww~ pin ~r`ì i~wur`gmìn`Qlrk`mrpihì)//

‡ r a`k~f`rì ób`r nf` Dpwxfrkpihì qli Gljup~`r

pin Fi~`ri`~ dp nf` B`rpwx`c~# Kpc~pr# Ulcf~fk#

Bfcnpih pin Xfr~wgmd~ pin kìiì nf` mfw~lrfwgm`

@i~xfgkcpih n`r Filrjd~fliwª pin Kljjpifkd~fliwª

~`gmilclhf`)

‡ rk iiì ndb`f nì ~`gmilclhfwgmì Xdin`c

pin n`wwì hclbdcì Pi~`rwgmf`n`)//

‡ r a`k~f`rì ób`r nf` Dpwxfrkpihì qli Gljup~`r

pin Fi~`ri`~ dp nf` H`w`ccwgmd~)

‡ kìiì nf` h`w`ccwgmd~cfgm i pin hclbdcì

Pi~`rwgmf`n` fj _phdih zpr Filrjd~fliwª pin

Kljjpifkd~fliw~`gmilclhf`)

‡ rà`k~f rì ób`r jñhcfgm` _pkpi~wì~xfgkcpihì

n`r Filrjd~fliwª pin Kljjpifkd~fliw~`gmilclhf )//

‡ kñii i nf` _pq`rcîwwfhk`f~# Hcdpbxórnfhk`f~ pin

R`c`qdiz fi`r Filrjd~fli b`pr~`fcì)

‡ xfwwì# ndww Filrjd~fliì jdifupcf`rbdr wfin pin

kñiiì Filrjd~fliì i~wur`gmìn b`pr~`fcì)//

‡ kñiiì nì h`hìw`f~fh i @fiapww qli J`nfì

pin Filrjd~fliì b`pr~`fcì pin `rkìiì

n`wwì Alchì)

‡ xîmcì o` idgm h`xóiwgm~`r Filrjd~fli ndw

h``fhi`~` J`nfpj)//

‡ j`cnì wfgm w`cbw~w~îinfh b`f fi`r C`riucd~~lrj

di pin ip~zì n`rì Dih`bl~`)‡ kñiiì nf` Qlrª pin Idgm~`fc` `fi`r C`riucd~~lrj

b`pr~`fcì pin kñiiì nf`w` wfiiqlcc ip~zì)

‡ kìiì Krf~`rfì pj C`riwl~xdr` pin @ªC`drifihª

Dih`bl~` zp b`pr~`fcì)‡ kñii i w`cbw~w~îinfh gljup~`rh`w~ó~z~` C`riª

dih`bl~` wpgmì# b`pr~`fcì pin dixìnì pin

wl h`zf`c~ C`rib`nórifww` b`rf`nfhì)

‡ rkìiì nf` Tpdcf~î~ pin nì Ip~zì qli C`riurlª

hrdjjì pin C`riucd~~lrjì ór ndw `fhì` C`riì)

‡ c`riì ndw X`wì pin nf` Apik~fli n`r Filrjdª

~fliì kìiì)/

‡ kñii i fiì Qlrhdih dchlrf~mjfwgm z`rc`hì)/

‡ w`~zì wfgm jf~ C`riª pin Nìkjdwgmfiì dpwª

`fidin`r -Kóiw~cfgm` Fi~`ccfhìz&)/



4>

7)7 Kìi~ifww` pin A`r~fhk`f~ì

Bìp~z`r*lb`rîgm`

JWU 7),>) Kcdww`

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

Nd~`fjdid*h`jì~

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

Apik~fliw*x`fwìdp n`rJ`~d`bì`

JWU 0),1) Kcdww`

Nf` C`riìnì‡

‡ kñiiì Urlhrdjj` w~dr~ì pin b`ìnì)

‡ kñiiì Aìw~`r ñiì pin wgmcf`wwì)

Nf` C`riìnì‡

‡ kñiiì zxfwgmì Urlhrdjjì x`gmw`ci)

‡ kñiiì Aìw~`r ñiì# jfifjf`rì# q`rkc`fi`ri#

q`rhrñww`ri pin q`rwgmf`bì)

‡ kñiiì fidgm` Hrpin`fiw~`ccpih i îin`ri)

‗ @fi C`riurlhrdjj w~dr~ì)

‗ ^ }~q`rdrb`f~pih# ln`r _`fgmipihwurlhrdjj ñiì

pin wgmcf`wwì

‗ Fi `fi`r ^ }~q`rdrb`f~pih drb`f~ì pin udrdcc`c ndzp

fj Fi~`ri`~ r`gm`rgmf rì)

‗ Cdp~wur`gm`r fiª pin dpwwgmdc~ì)

‗ Cdp~w~îrk` diudwwì)

‡ b`m`rrwgmì nf` `fidgm` Q`rxdc~pih qli Nd~`fì

pin Lrni`ri)

‗ Lrni`r rw~`ccì)

‗ Nlkpjì~` fi Lrni`r wu fgm`ri)

‗ Lrni`r pin Nd~`f i q`rwgmf`bì pin cñwgmì)

‡ b`m`rrwgmì nf` lchìnì xfgm~fhw~ì b`~rf`bwª

wvw~`jª pin urlhrdjjób`rhr fìnì B``mc`

pin kñiiì nf`w` fi q`rwgmf`nìì Urlhrdjjì

dixìnì? Dpwwgmi`fnì# Kluf`rì pin @fióhì

qli ^`}~ì# _dmcì pin Bfcn`ri dpw `c`k~rlifwgmì

Nlkpjì~ì pin c`k~rlifwgmì Tp`ccì)

B`nfìì

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

‗ ^ }~` pin Bfcn`r dpw n`j Fi~`ri`~ kluf`rì pin fi

`fi`j ^`}~q`rdrb`f~pihwurlhrdjj `fióhì)

‗ Nd~`fì ñi i# b`drb`f~ì pin wu`fgm`ri)




40



‡ mdbì j`mr`r` Urlhrdjj` hc`fgmz`f~fh h`ñi`~ pin

kñiiì di j`mr`rì Nlkpjì~ì hc`fgmz`f~fh drb`f~ì)

‡ kñiiì jf~ j`mr`rì Aìw~`ri hc`fgmz`f~fh `zfì~

drb`f~ì)

‡ kñiiì fidgm` Klihprd~fliì n`w B`~rf`bwwvw~`jw

qlri`mjì)

‡ kñiiì `fi u`rwñicfgm`w FG^ªH`rî~ ór nf` `fhì`

`zfì~` Drb`f~ klihprf`rì)

‗ Di `fi`r Urîwì~d~fli drb`f~ì pin udrdcc`c ndzp

^ }~q`rdrb`f~pihwª pin Hrdkurlhrdjj` pin Tp`ccì

dpw n`j Fi~`ri`~ bìp~zì)

‗ W~dindrnnrpgk`r fiw~`ccì)

‗ Jlif~lr`fiw~ ccpihì nìf rì)

‗ Dpnflh`rî~` klihprf`rì)

‡ kñiiì Lrhdifwd~fliww~rpk~prì dic`hì pin Nd~ì

q`rxdc~ì)

‡kñiiì kljuc`}` Lrhdifwd~fliww~rpk~prì dic`hì

pin Nd~ì q`rxdc~ì)

‗ Lrni`rw~rpk~prì jf~ Pi~`rlrni`ri bfcn i)

‗ Ndrw~`ccpihì îin`ri)

‗ Nd~`fªWpgmpik~fli ip~zì)

‗ Idjì qli Lrni`ri pin Nd~ fì îin`ri)

‗ Fj ^ dj di h`j`fiwdjì Nlkpjì~ì drb`f~ì)

‗ Wfiiqlcc` Nd~`fidjì q rh`bì)

‡ b`hr`fì# ndww nf` j`fw~ì Urlhrdjj` qli n`r

Dixìnpih m`r îmicfgm w~rpk~prf`r~ wfin# lbxlmc

wf` pi~`rwgmf`ncfgm` Urlbc`j` cñwì)/

‡ kñiiì nì rdiw`r qli Apik~fliì qli Urlhrdjjì

dp din`r` Urlhrdjj` jdgmì)

‗ Fjulr~ pin @}ulr~ qli Nd~ì)

‗ Jf~ Wvjblcc`fw~ì drb f~ì)

‗ Mfc`pik~fliì ip~zì)





41

Alrjd~`

JWU 7),>) Kcdww`

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

Idqfhd~fli

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

Apik~fliw*x`fwì

dp n`rJ`~d`bì`

JWU 0),1) Kcdww`


‡ xfwwì# ndww q`rwgmf`nì` Alrjd~` }fw~f`rì

pin kñiiì nf`w` zplrniì)

‗ Bfcnnd~`fì# ^ }~nlkpjì~`# Dpnfl pin Qfn`llrjd~`

pi~`rwgm`fnì

‡ kìiì fidgmw~` R`h`ci n`r Idqfhd~fli

fi Mvu`rj`nfì)

‡ q`rw~`mì R`h`ci n`r Idqfhd~fli fi Mvu`rj`nfì

pin kñiiì wfgm w`cbw~w~îinfh ndrfi b`x`hì)

‗ Dixìnpih n`r hrpinwî~zcfgmì Apik~fliwx`fw`

n`r W~`p`r`c`jì~` fi`r C`riwl~xdr` -qlrxîr~w#

zprógk# mlj`&)

‗ Fi «@igdr~d Kfnw» idqfhf rì)

‗ @fiì X`bbrlxw`r b`nfìì -qlrxîr~w# rógkxîr~w#

mlj`& pin dp n`r W`f~` w`cbw~ idqfhf`rì)

‗ Bllkjdrkw,Adqlrf~ì w`~zì pin dbrpì)

‗ C`riwl~xdr` xf` «Qñh c fj Wf`ncpihwrdpj» b`nfìì)

‡ kìiì nf` xfgm~fhw~ì ^dw~ì pin n`rì Apik~fli)

‡ kñiiì nf` Jdpw b`nfìì)

‡ kñiiì nf` `c`jì~dr i Kljuliì~ì fi`wGljup~`rw bììiì)

‡ ip~zì nf` dw~d~pr -Bpgmw~dbìb`r`fgm pin _dmcìª

bclgk& zpr ^`}~ª pin _dmcì`fihdb`)

‡ w`~zì nf` Jdpw zpr Dpwxdmc qli ^`}~ì pinLbo`k~ì fi)

‡ kìiì nf` xfgm~fhw~ì Kljuliì~ì pin Wgmif~~ª

w~`ccì fi`w Gljup~`rw)

‡ kñiiì jf~ aógm~fhì pin ndp`rmd~ì Wu`fgm`ri

pjh`mì)

‡ kìiì nf` Alchì fi`w piwdgmh`jîww i

Dpwwgmdc~ìw)

‡ kñiiì q`rwgmf`nì` Nd~ì~rîh`r qli`fidin`r

pi~`rwgm`fnì)

B`nfìì -Alr~w`~zpih F&

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

‗ Bfcnwgmfrj

‗ dw~d~pr pin Jdpw

‗ Klumñr`r

‗ Jfkrlli

‗ I`~z~`fc

‗ PWBªW~fgk

‗ Cdpx`rk` -GNªRLJ# NQN&




48



‡ kñiiì Nd~`fì fi h``fhi`~` Nd~`flrjd~`

pjxdin`ci pin jf~ nf`wì x`f~`rdrb`f~ì)

‡ q`róhì ób`r q`r~f`~` Kìi~ifww` fj Pjhdih

jf~ Alrjd~ì pin Glnf`rpihì)

‗ ^ }~q`rdrb`f~pihwnlkpjì~` fi `fi UNA pjxdin`ci

‗ Bfcn`r fi nì h`cîphì Nd~`flrjd~ì OU@H pin HFA

dbwu`fgm`ri

‗ Qfn`lw fi q`rwgmf nìì Alrjd~ì dpwh`bì

-Tpfgk~fj`# Xfinlxw J`nfd Ucdv`r&

‗ Dpnfl fi q`rwgmf`n i` Alrjd~` pjxdin`ci

-DFAA# JU7# XDQ&)

‗ Nd~`fì kljurfjf rì pin n`kljurfjf rì)

‗ Pi~`rwgmf`n qli Uf}`cª pin Q k~lrhrdkì lrjpcf rì)

‗ Qlrª pin Idgm~`fc` q`rwgmf`nì`r ^ }~lrjd~` kìiì)

‗ DWGFF# M^JC# ]JC b`wgmr`fbì)

‡ kljjì w`cbw~w~îinfh fi `fi`j diwurpgmqlcc`rì

Mvu`rj`nfpj zpr`gm~ pin ip~zì nf` qf`cw`f~fhìDih`bl~`)

‡kñiiì kljuc`}` Lrhdifwd~fliww~rpk~prì dic`hì

pin Nd~ì q`rxdc~ì)

‗ Diwurpgmwqlcc` Idqfhd~fli z)B) fi «@igdr~d»

‗ Nf` Apik~fli i qli «Hllhc`ª@dr~m» ip~zì

‗ Jf~ «Xfkfu`nfd» r`gm`rgmf`rì

‗ C`riurlhrdjj` xf` z)B) «D~cdw n`r Wgmx`fz» b`nfìì)



‡ ip~zì nf` dw~d~pr jf~ nì qf`cîc~fhì Apik~fliì

`zfì~)

‡ ip~zì dcc` Apik~fliì n`r Jdpw)‡ bììiì nf` x`wì~cfgmì Kljuliì~ì fi`w

Gljup~`rw pin rkcîrì# xlzp wf` h`brdpgm~ x`rnì)

‗ Mdrnnfwk fi~`ri pin }~`ri

‗ Urlz`wwlr

‗ Afr`xfr`ªDiwgmcpww

‗ Bcp`~ll~m





4=

U`rfum`rf`*H`rî~`

JWU 7),>) Kcdww` JWU 0),1) Kcdww`


‡ kìiì nf` xfgm~fhw~ì U`rfum`rf`h`rî~`

pin nf` rpnfjì~îrì B`nfìpihwpik~fliì)

B`nfìì -Alr~w`~zpih FF&

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

‗ @fi Nlkpjì~ dpwnrpgkì ‗ @fi nfhf~dc`w Al~l jdgmì

Nrpgk`r ‡ kñiiì Drb`f~w`rh`bifww` dpwnrpgkì)

Wgdii`r

Nfhf~dcª

kdj`rd

‡ kñiiì nf` Kdj`rd fiwgmdc~ì# nì Dpwcñw`r

nrógkì pin nf` Kdj`rd dpwwgmdc~ì)

Qfn`lª

kdj`rd

Dpnflª,

Qfn`lª

Dbwuf`cª

h`rî~`

‡ b`nfìì fiì `fidgmì Wl~xdr` GNªUcdv`r

-W~dr~ pin W~luu&)




46



‡ w`~zì U`rfum`rf`h`rî~` dnîtpd~ fi)

‗ @fi Nlkpjì~ wgdiiì

‗ @fi` Qfn`lw`tpìz dpi`mjì pin dbwuf`cì

‗ @fiì JU7ªUcdv`r b nfìì

‗ @fi` Urîwì~d~fli `fi`r Drb`f~ jf~ dpnflªqfwp`cc i

Mfcwjf~~`ci firfgm~ì)

‡ kñiiì `fidgm` Nrpgk`rlu~fliì `fiw~`ccì

-z)B) Adrb` ‗ w,x# nluu`cw`f~fh# Nrpgkqlrwgmdp&)

‡ kñiiì Nlkpjì~` wgdiiì pin wu`fgm`ri)

‡ kñiiì w`cbw~w~îinfh Bfcn`r qli `fi`r Nfhf~dckdj`rd

dp fiì Gljup~`r fjulr~f`rì)

‡ i`mjì w`cbw~w~îinfh Kdj`rd`fiw~`ccpihì

-z)B) Dpañwpih& qlr)

‡ kñiiì fi` Qfn`lkdj`rd fiwgmdc~ì# Qfn`lw

dpi`mjì pin nf` Kdj`rd dpwwgmdc~ì)

‡ kñiiì zlljì# qlrª pin zprógkwupcì)

‡ kñiiì nì Dpidmj`ª pin nì Dbwuf`cjlnpw

q`rxìnì)

‡ kìiì q`rwgmf`nì` Dpnflª pin Qfn`llrjd~`

pin kñiiì nf`w` jf~ i~wur`gmìnì Dbwuf`ch`rî~ì

xf`n`rh`bì)



25

^`}~q`rdr*b`f~pih

JWU 7),>) Kcdww`

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

JWU 0),1) Kcdww`

Nf` C`riìnì‡

‡ wfin fi n`r Cdh`# dj Gljup~`r Xñr~`r# Wî~z` pin

kc`fi`r` ^`}~` zp wgmr`fbì)

Nf` C`riìnì‡

‡ i`mjì fi nfhf~dcì ^`}~nlkpjì~ì `fidgm`

Alrjd~f`rpihì qlr)

‗ Fi «DifUdfi~» `}~`cn`r fióhì ‗ Wgmrf~dr~ pin Wgmrf~hrñww` q`rîin`ri

‗ Dbwî~z` jdgmì

‗ Cógkì~`}~` dpwóccì

C`wì pin Wgmr`fbì

R`gmì*pik~fliìpin^db`ccì*kdckpcd~fli

Jñhcfgm`B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

‡ wfin jf~~`cw ^dw~d~pr fi n`r Cdh` _dmcì `fizph`bì

pin fidgm` _dmcìlu`rd~fliì nprgmzpómrì)

‡ w`~zì c`k~rlifwgm` R`gmìmfcì zpr Kli~rlcc`

qli R`gmipihì pin zpj Q`rw~îinifw qli

_dmcìw~rpk~pr i `fi)

‗ Drb`f~ jf~ n`j C`riurlhrdjj «Bcf~zr`gmi i7) pin >) Kcdww`» ‗ dwgmìr`gmi`r ip~zì‗ @fidgm` R`gmìurlhrdjj` dixìnì

Jd~m`jd~fwf`rì





24



‡ `rw~`ccì `fi kljuc`}`w ^`}~nlkpjì~)

‡ kñiiì hdiz` Nlkpjì~` zfì~ b`drb`f~ì

pin h`w~dc~ì)//

‡ rw~`ccì jf~ `fi`j ^ }~q`rdrb`f~pihwurlhrdjj

diwurpgmwqlcc` wgmrf~cfgm` Drb`f~ì)

‗ Cdvlp~ ucdiì pin pjw`~z i

‗ @fibfinpih qli Hrdk i dp q`rwgmf`n i` Dr~ì

‗ R`gm~wgmr`fbùrópih

‗ @fióhì qli ^ }~`cn`ri

‗ Dp~ljd~fwgm` Fimdc~wq`rz`fgmifww` rw~`ccì

‗ Alrjd~ª pin Nlkpjì~qlrcdhì rw~`ccì

‗ Xñr~`rbógm`r fiw`~zì

‗ Hrpuuf`rì# Dpwrfgm~ì pwx)

‗ Xfkf# Bclh b`drb`f~ì

‡ kìiì nf` Mdpu~pik~fliì qli ^db`ccìkdckpcd~fliwª

urlhrdjjì pin kñiiì fidgm` Nd~ì q`rdrb`f~ì

pin hrdwgm ndrw~`ccì)

‡ kñiiì ndw Nlkpjì~ cdvlp~ì)

‡kñiiì q`rwgmf`nìw~` Nd~ì fi kljuc`}`rì

^db`ccìkdckpcd~fliì q`rdrb`f~ì)

‡ kñiiì w~d~fw~fwgm` Dpwx`r~pihì qlri`mjì)

‗ Drb`f~ jf~ `fi`j Kdckpcd~fliwurlhrdjj-z)B) fidgm` Alrj`ci xf` Wpjjì# Urlnpk~`

pin Jf~~`cx`r~` fiw`~zì&

‗ NfdhrdjjªDwwfw~ i~ q`rxìnì//

‗ Alrjd~f`rpihì nprgmómrì




22

R`gm`r*gmf`rì

JWU 7),>) Kcdww`

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

JWU 0),1) Kcdww`

Nf` C`riìnì‡

‡ kñiiì fi `c`k~rlifwgm w Idgmwgmcdh`x rk

-fj Fi~`ri`~ ln`r clkdc fiw~dccf`r~& ip~zì)

Nf` C`riìnì‡

‡ ip~zì C`riwl~xdr`# c`k~rlifwgm` Idgmwgmcdh`x rk`

pin Licfi`ªDih`bl~` ór qlrh`h`bì` Dphdbì)//

‗ «@igdr~d Kfnw dcw C`}fkli

‗ Kfin`rwpgmjdwgmfi`

‗ Dp dc~`rwh`r gm~ì# qlrh`h`bìì X`bw`f~ì

Filrjd~fliì wpgmì# inì pin b`drb`f~ì

R`gm`rgmf`rì pin W~rpk~prf`rì

W~rpk~p*rf`rpihqli Nd~ì

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

‡ q`rxdc~ì pin lrhdifwf`rì w`cbw~w~îinfh Nd~ì

fi fidgmì W~rpk~prì)

‗ Wfiiqlcc` Nd~`fidjì pin Lrni`ridjì q`rxìnì




27



‡ kìiì q`rwgmf`nì` pin `zfì~` Wpgmw~rd~`hfì)

‡ wpgmì w`cbw~w~îinfh fj Fi~`ri`~ ln`r fi din`rì

`c`k~rlifwgm i Filrjd~fliwtp`cc i Filrjd~fliì)//

‡ r`gm`rgmf`rì fi r`cd~flidcì Nd~ìbdikì)

‗ Idgm Bfcn`ri wpgmì

‗ Fj Fi~`ri`~ W`f~ì fi din`r` Wurdgm i ób`rw`~zì

‗ Jf~ `rx`f~`r~ì Wpgmlu~fliì fi Wpgmjdwgmfiì

drb`f~ì

‗ R`gm`rgm` jf~ «@igdr~d» ln`r «Xfkfu`nfd»

‗ Wpgmì qli J`nf i fi J`nfl~m kì#

z)B) I@BFW# C`mrjf~~`cq`rcdh`



2>


Urîwì~d~fli

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

‡ rw~`ccì fi` `fidgm` Urîwì~d~fli)

‡ kñiiì fi jf~ FG ªJf~~`ci rw~`cc~`w Drb`f~w`rh`bifw

qlrw~`ccì)

‗ ^ }~` pin Bfcn`r fi Nlkpjì~` `fióhì

‗ Q`rhrñww`ri pin q`rkc`fi`ri qli Hrdkì

fi Urîwì~d~fliwurlhrdjjì

‗ Alcfìób`rhîih` jdgmì

‗ Filrjd~fliwucdkd~ `rw~`cc i

Qfwpdcfwf`rì


_`fgmipihw*pin Hrdak*urlhrdjj`

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

‡ kñiiì jf~ `fi`j fidgmì _`fgmipihwurlhrdjj

w`cb`r Bfcn`r rw~`ccì)

‡ b`drb`f~ì jf~ `fidgmì B``mcì Bfcn`r)

‗ Jf~ «DifUdfi~» dj Gljup~ r fi Bfcn rw~ ccì ‗ @fidgm B`nf ipih qli Urlhrdjjì xf`

«Frdiqf`x»# «Lg` Ufg~pr` Jdidh`r»# «fUml~l»#

z)B) Bfcn`r nr`mì# Adrb` îin`ri# Bfcnhrñww` îin`ri




20


‡ q`rxìnì nì Gljup~`r pj Drb`f~w`rh`bifww`

zp urîwì~f`rì)

‡ w~`ccì Drb`f~w`rh`bifww` jf~~`cw `fi`r Urîwì~d~fliwª

wl~xdr` qlr)

‡ rw~`ccì fimdc~cfgm# hrdwgm pin qli n`r W~rpk~pr

m`r diwurpgmwqlcc` Urîwì~d~fliì)

‡ kìiì q`rwgmf`nì` Jñhcfgmk`f~ì pin J`nfìdr~ì

zpr Qfwpdcfwf`rpih qli Filrjd~fliì)‡ kñiiì ndrdpw nf` B`w~` dpwxîmcì pin `fi`

Urîwì~d~fli ln`r Q`rñì~cfgmpih dnr`wwd~ìh`r`gm~

dpb`r`f~ì)

‡ b`dgm~ì ndb`f nf` Hrpinr`h`ci ór nf` gljup~`rª

bdwf`r~` Urîwì~d~fli)//

‗ Dpnfl fi `fi` Urîwì~d~fli fi~`hrf rì

‗ Qfn`l fi `fi` Urîwì~d~fli `fióh i

‗ Difjf`r~` Lbo`k~` fi `fi` Urîwì~d~fli `fibfinì

‗ Alcfìjdw~`r q`rxìnì

‗ Bìp~z`rnìf r~` Difjd~fliì rw~`ccì

‗ Mvu`rcfikw fi fi` Urîwì~d~fli fibfinì


‡ b`nfìì w`cbw~w~îinfh `fi` nfhf~dc` Al~lkdj`rd

pin ób`r~rdhì Bfcn`r dp Gljup~`r)

‡ i`mjì jf~ q`rwgmf`nìì Urlhrdjjì kljuc`}`r`

Bfcnb`drb`f~pihì qlr)

‗ B`nfìpih qli Urlhrdjjì xf` «FrdiQf`x»#

«Lg` Ufg~pr` Jdidh`r»# «fUml~l»#

z)B) Bfcn`r fi q`rwgmf`nìì Alrjd~ì dbwu`fgm`ri#

Bfcndpwwgmif~~ xîmcì

‗ Lbo`k~` r`fw~`ccì



21


X`bw`f~ìh`w~dc~ì

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

‡ rw~`ccì pi~`r Dic`f~pih n`r C`mru`rwli jf~ Mfc`

`fi`w X`bw`f~ìhì`rd~lrw fidgm` X`bw`f~ì)

‗ X`bw`f~` jf~ ^ }~ì pin Bfcn`ri jf~ n`j X`bw`f~ìª

hì`rd~lr qli m~~u?,,xxx)`npgdi`~2)gm rw~`ccì

J`nfì urlnpzf`rì


Dpnfl

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

‡ jdgmì fi` `fidgm` Dpnfldpidmj`

pin wuf`cì wf` db)

‗ Dpidmj` jf~ n`j fi~`riì Jfkrlli n`w Il~`bllkw

‗ Drb`f~ì jf~ «Hdrdh` Bdin» ln`r «Dpndgf~v»

Qfn`l

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw




28


‡ rw~`ccì w`cbw~w~îinfh jf~ Mfc` fi`w X`bw`f~ìª

hì`rd~lrw X`bw`f~ì)

‡ kìiì q`rwgmf`nì` Jñhcfgmk`f~ì pin J`nfìdr~ì

zpr Qfwpdcfwf`rpih qli Filrjd~fliì)

‡ kñiiì ndrdpw nf` B`w~` dpwxîmcì pin `fi`

Urîwì~d~fli ln`r Q`rñì~cfgmpih dnr`wwd~ìh`r`gm~dpb`r`f~ì)

‡ b`dgm~ì ndb`f nf` Hrpinr`h`ci ór nf` gljup~`rª

bdwf`r~` Urîwì~d~fli)//

‗ X`bw`f~` jf~ ^ }~ì pin Bfcn`ri jf~ n`j X`bw`f~ìª

hì`rd~lr qli m~~u?,,xxx)`npgdi`~2)gm rw~`ccì)

‗ Drb`f~ì pin @rh`bifww` dp Xfkf q`rñì~cfgmì

‗ X`bw`f~` jf~~`cw M^JCª@nf~lr rw~`ccì

‗ X`bn`wfhi klizfuf`rì


‡ xdin`ci Dpnflnd~`fì fi din`r` Alrjd~` pj

pin óhì wf` fi Urlo`k~` fi)

‡ kìiì nì Pi~`rwgmf`n zxfwgmì Dpnflª pin

JFNFªNd~`fì)

‗ @fi` Dpnflwupr fi fi Qfn lurlo k~ fióhì ‗ Jf~~ cw h` fhi`~ r Wl~xdr` Dpnflª pin Qfn`lnd~ i

b`drb`f~ì

‡ i`mjì jf~ `fi`j Dpidmj`h`rî~ Qfn`lw`tpìz i

dp pin wuf`cì wf` db)

‡ r`dcfwf`rì w`cbw~w~îinfh `fi kc`fi`w Qfn`lurlo`k~

‗ Wzìì jf~ n`r Qfn`lkdj`rd `rw~ ccì

‗ @fiwd~z n`r Nfhf~dckdj rd

‗ Jf~ n`j Mdinv Dbcîp` nlkpjì~f rì

‗ Qfn`lw fi `fi Qfn`lwgmif~~urlhrdjj `}ulr~f`r i

‗ Qfn`lw `nf~f`r i -Ób`rhîih`# @`k~`&

‗ Qfn`lw q`r~liì

‗ Jf~ `fi`r Qfn`lwgmif~~wl~xdr` xf` «fJlqf`»

ln`r «Xfinlxw Jlqf` Jdk`r» fidgm` Qfn`lw

wgmi`fnì pin nf~f`rì



2=


Licfi`*nfìw~`

Jñhcfgm`

B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

‡ wdjj`ci rw~` @rdmrpihì fj Pjhdih jf~

Licfi`ªNfìw~ i pin wvigmrliì pin dwvigmrliì

Kljjpifkd~fliwlrjì)

‗ Nf` Ucd~~lrj qli `npgdi`~2 ip~zì

-z)B) Nd~`fì dbc`hì pin m`rpi~`rcdnì#

Alrì pin Gmd~ dixìnì&

Kljjpifzf`rì pin Kllu`rf`rì


@*Jdfc

Jñhcfgm`B`fwuf`c` dpw

n`r Urd}fw

‡ wgmr`fbì# wìnì pin `judihì fidgm` @ªJdfcw)

‗ X`bjdfc qli `npgdi`~2 ip~zì




26


‡ kñiiì fi `fi`j I`~zx`rk Nlkpjì~` b`drb`f~ì

pin ndb`f nf` fhìì Drb`f~wwgmrf~~` ór nf` din`rì

B`~`fcfh~ì idgmqlcczf`mbdr jdgmì)//

‡ ip~zì q`rwgmf`nì` fi~`ri`~bdwf`r~` Kljjpifkdª~fliwlrjì)

‡ kìiì q`rwgmf`nì` J`nfì pin ^`gmilclhfì

pj Kllu`rd~fliwudr~i`r dpww`rmdcb n`r Kcdww`

zp kli~dk~f`rì pin kñiiì ndb`f fmr` Dicf`hì

q`rw~îincfgm lrjpcf`rì)//‡ ucdiì pin x`r~ì nì @fiwd~z qli Filrjd~fliwª

pin Kljjpifkd~fliw~`gmilclhf` ór fi h`j`fiwdj`w

Urlo`k~ dpw)

‡ ip~zì `gmilclhfì -z)B) W`rq`r ln`r Alrpj& pj `fi`

Drb`f~whrpuu` dpzpbdpì pin zp c`f~ì)//

‡ q`rxìnì Klccdblrd~fliwª# Filrjd~fliwª pin

Kljjpifkd~fliwucd~~lrjì zpj Dpw~dpwgm pin

Dpbdp qli Xfwwì)

‗ Nf` qf`cw`f~fh i Apik~fliì qli npgdi`~2 ip~zì

‗ @fiì Bclh `rw~`ccì

‗ Fiw~di~ J`wwdhfih -z)B) Wkvu`& ip~zì‗ Gmd~ dcw Nfwkpwwfliwlrpj fiw`~zì

‗ Qli Kljjpifkd~fliwlrjì q`rwgmf`nì`r Dr~

H`brdpgm jdgmì -z)B) Xfkf# Bclh# BWGX&


‡ xìnì nf` xfgm~fhw~ì Apik~fliì fi`w @ªJdfcª

Urlhrdjjw di pin ~dpwgmì Nd~`fì u`r @ªJdfc dpw)//

‡ wfin fi n`r Cdh`# nì Kljjpifkd~fliww~fc u`r Jdfc

n`r o`x`fcfhì Wf~pd~fli dizpudwwì -lrj`cc# klcc`hfdc&)

‡ ip~zì fi @ªJdfcªUrlhrdjj jf~ w`fiì qf`cîc~fhì

Apik~fliì -Wfhid~prì# Dnr`wwbpgm& zpr zfì~ì

Drb`f~wlrhdifwd~fli pin Drb`f~ww~rpk~prf`rpih)

‡ wfin wfgm n`r Xfrkpih fmr`w Kljjpifkd~fliww~fcw

u`r @ªJdfc di q`rwgmf`nì` Dnr`wwd~ì b`xpww~)

‗ X`bjdfc qli `npgdi`~2 ip~zì‗ Jf~ «Lp~cllk»# «@i~lprdh`» ln`r din`r i

Urlhrdjjì drb`f~ì)

‗ B`dgm~ì n`r I`~ftp`~~` zpr Kljjpifkd~fli fj I`~z



75

7)> @prlu`di Gljup~`r Nrfqfih Cfgìg`

fi n`r Wgmpc`

‗ N`r Filrjd~fkpi~`rrfgm~ q`rjf~~`c~ nf` hrpinc`*

hìnì FG^*A`r~fhk`f~ì h`jîww FG^*R`h`c*w~di*

ndrnw) X`r nf` FG^*R`h`cw~dindrnw `rr`fgm~# `rócc~

dpgm nf` Dilrn`rpihì n`r @GNC*Urópihì)

Dpw nf`w`j Hrpin fw~ `fi` @GNC*Urópihwqlrb`r`f*

~pih fj Pi~`rrfgm~ ifgm~ il~xìnfh)

‗

N`r Kdi~li `ju`mc~# nì Wgmóc`rfiiì pin

Wgmóc`ri nf` Jñhcfgmk`f~ zp bf`~ì# nf` ^`w~w zp nì

`fiz`ciì @GNC*Jlnpcì fi n`r =) pin 6) Kcdww`

r`fxfccfh dpww`rmdcb n`r lbcfhd~lrfwgmì Pi~`r*

rfgm~wz`f~ zp dbwlcqf`rì)

‗ Ndw FG^*Klju`~ìzzì~rpj ^LU rî~ ndqli db#

ndw ^m`jd J`nfìbfcnpih dp @GNC*Fimdc~` zp

r`npzf`rì)




74

>)4 Qlrb`j`rkpihì

Pj nf` pi~`r Kduf~`c 7 nìf`r~ì FG^*R`h`cw~dindrnw

zp `rr`fgmì# jówwì _`f~h`îww` h`wgmdì x`rnì)

Nf`w` _`f~h`îww` x`rnì pi~`r n`j B`hrf J`nf*

ìbfcnpih zpwdjjì hìljjì) Nf` FG^*R`h`cw~di*

ndrnw b`wgmr`fbì nf` C`rizf`c` pin C`rifimdc~` n`w

Adgmb`r`fgmw J`nfìbfcnpih) J`nfìbfcnpih kdii dcw

`fhìw~îinfh`w Adgm fi nf` W~pinì~d`c `fiaf`wwì

ln`r fi~`hrd~fq `rlchì) @w hfb~ Drhpjì~` ór b`fn`

Jln`cc`) Xfgm~fh` Adk~lrì b`f n`r @i~wgm`fnpih wfin

`~xd nf` Wgmpcw~rpk~pr# w~pìwu`zfwgm` B`wlin`r*

m`f~ì ln`r Firdw~rpk~pr pin Rdmjìb`nfihpihì

n`r Wgmpc` wlxf` nf` _pwdjjìw`~zpih n`w C`mr`*

rfiiì* pin C`mr`r~`djw)

Nf` lchìnì w~pìwu`zfwgmì @ju`mcpihì n`w

FG^*Klju`~ìzzì~rpjw LU xprnì qli dccì b`*

rdh~ì Hr`jfì -wf`m` Kduf~`c 4)4)& b`órxlr~`~?

>)2 JWU pin W`kpindrw~p` F

Ndw Adgm J`nfìbfcnpih xfrn dp n`r W~p` JWU fi n`r

W~pinì~d`c jf~ fi`r C`k~fli url Xlgm` dph`ómr~)

@w xfrn julmcì# nf`w` C`k~fli ób`r nf` Xlgm` zp

q`r~`fcì pin fi~`hrd~fq fi nì Pi~`rrfgm~ `fizpbfinì)

Wl h`cfih~ nf` @fibfinpih n`r W~dindrnw fi nf` q`r*

wgmf`nìì Aîgm`r)

Aór nf` W`kpindrw~p` F h`c~ì lchìn` R`h`cpihì?

‗ Ndw Adgm J`nfìbfcnpih xfrn fi n`r W~pinì~d`c

fj 8)‗6) Wgmpcodmr jf~ 4 C`k~fli url Xlgm` dph`*

ómr~)

‗ Fi Kcdwwì# x`cgm` jf~ n`j Adgmc`mr`rfiiì*

pin Adgmc`mr`rwvw~`j pi~`rrfgm~`~ x`rnì#

kdii nf`w` C`k~fli `fi` `w~` Q`rdik`rpih fj

W~pinìucdi inì)

‗ Fi Kcdwwì jf~ n`j Kcdwwìc`mr`rfiiì* pin

Kcdwwìc`mr`rurfizfu kdii nf`w` C`k~fli fi~`hrd*

~fq fj Pi~`rrfgm~ `fih`bpinì x`rnì -~l~dc >5C`k~fliì url Wgmpcodmr&)

‗ Fi b`fnì Aîccì fw~ `fi` Pjw`~zpih n`r W~di*

ndrnw fi nì q`rwgmf`nìì Aîgm`ri dizpw~r`*

bì)

‗ X`rnì Kcdwwì qli j`mr`rì C`mru`rwliì

pi~`rrfgm~`~# wlcc nf` Dp~`fcpih n`r C`rifimdc~`

~`djfi~`ri nìf`r~ x`rnì)

‗ Fj 8)# =) ln`r 6) Wgmpcodmr wlcc ^dw~d~prwgmr`fbì dcw

lbcfhd~lrfwgm`w Adgm fi n`r W~pinì~d`c dph`ómr~

x`rnì)

‗

Fi n`r =) pin 6) Kcdww` xfrn nì Wgmóc`rfiiì pin

Wgmóc`ri nf` Jñhcfgmk`f~ h`bl~ì# nf` ^`w~w zp nì

`fiz`ciì @GNC*Jlnpcì r`fxfccfh dpww`rmdcb n`r

lbcfhd~lrfwgmì Pi~`rrfgm~wz`f~ zp dbwlcqf`rì

-W) Upik~ 7)4&)

>) _`f~h`îww` pin @fibdp fi W~pinì~d`c pin Pi~`rrfgm~



72

0)4 Qlrb`j`rkpihì

@w hfb~ qf`c` xfwwìwgmd~cfgm pinf`r~` Upbcfkd~fliì#

nf` wfgm q`r~f`~ jf~ n`j ^m`jd J`nfìnfndk~fk b`*

wgmî~fhì -wf`m` Cf~`rd~prmfix`fw`&) Ndrdpw x`rnì

pi~`r Upik~ 0)2 `fi uddr hrpinc`hìn` @rkìi~ifww`

zp FG^ fj Pi~`rrfgm~ dbh`c`f~`~) Fj Alchìnì x`rnì

urdhjd~fwgm` Mfix`fw` zpr Rlcc` n`r C`mru`rwliì

pin C`riìnì wlxf` urd}fwlrfì~f`r~` @ju`mcpihì

ór C`mru`rwliì zpj dcc~îhcfgmì @fiwd~z qli FG^ fj

Pi~`rrfgm~ lrjpcf`r~)

Fj Rdmjì n`w Urlo`k~w UUU*WfI «Wgmpc` fj I`~z» wfin

fj Dp~rdh n`w Bpin`wdj~`w ór B`rpwbfcnpih pin

^`gmilclhf` -BB^& pin n`r Wgmx`fz`rfwgmì Kli`rìz

n`r kdi~lidcì @rzf`mpihwnfr`k~lrì -@NK& j`mr`r`

C`f~înì zpj m`jd FG^ fj Pi~`rrfgm~ upbcfzf`r~ xlr*

nì) Nf` Hpfn`w wfin dbrpbdr pi~`r xxx)`npgdhpfn`w)

gm

0)2 C`f~h`ndikì

‗ FG^ dcw Mfcwjf~~`c? Fi n`r Wgmpc` kdii n`r Glj*

up~`r dcw i`p`w# `rhîizìn`w Mfcwjf~~`c wfiiqlcc

hìp~z~ x`rnì ór w`cbw~h`w~`p`r~`w C`riì# xf`

dpgm dcw Filrjd~fliwtp`cc` pin Kljjpifkd~fliw*

jf~~`c)

‗ Klizù~xfwwì w~d~~ ipr Urlnpk~xfwwì? Nf`

Filrjd~fliw* pin Kljjpifkd~fliw~`gmilclhf`

-FG^& fw~ `fi`j rdwgmì Xdin`c pi~`rxlrì) Nf`w`r

Xdin`c wgmcîh~ wfgm fj ñì~cfgmì# b`rpafgmì

pin urfqd~ì C`bì if`n`r pin md~ `fiì w~drkì

@fiapww dp nf` h`wdj~` J`nfìuîndhlhfk) @w

jdgm~ xìfh Wfii# Kfin`r pin Ophìncfgm` dp

hdiz b`w~fjj~` Dixìnpihwurlhrdjj` ln`r

B`~rf`bwwvw~`j` zp wgmpcì) W~d~~n`wwì wlccì nf`

ndmfi~`rw~`mìnì Klizù~` q`rjf~~`c~ x`rnì)

‗ Fimdc~ qlr Dixìnpihwxfwwì? R`fi` Dixì*

npihwkprw` ór nf` C`riìnì wfin ifgm~ wfiiqlcc)

Xfgm~fh`r fw~ `w# ór nf` dpwh`xîmc~ì C`rifimdc~`

nf` Dixìnpihwurlhrdjj`# nf` zp nì C`rizf`cì

n`r W~p` udwwì# zp wpgmì) @bìwl fw~ `w wfiiqlcc`r#ipr wl qf`c Dixìnpihwxfwwì zp q`rjf~~`ci# xf`

ór nf` hùcdi~` Drb`f~ iñ~fh fw~) N`j Drb`f~wurl*

z`ww pin n`r Rà`}fli wlcc j`mr B`n`p~pih pin

Dpj`rkwdjk`f~ dcw n`j Urlnpk~ zpkljjì)

‗ Fi~`hrd~fq`r Diwd~z? Dpwhdihwupik~ `fi`w o`nì

@fiwd~z`w qli FG^ fj Pi~`rrfgm~ wfin C`rizf`c`# nf`

wfgm dp nì dk~p`ccì C`mrucdi dbw~ó~zì) N`wmdcb

fw~ `w wfiiqlcc# xìi FG^ fi qf`c` Aîgm`r fi~`hrf`r~

pin ifgm~ fwlcf`r~ pi~`rrfgm~`~ xfrn)

‗ Ar`fz`f~ pin Wgmpc`? Nf` C`riìnì q`rbrfihì

fi n`r Ar`fz`f~ zpj ^`fc qf`c _`f~ jf~ FG^) Jf~ nf`w`r

Ar`fz`f~b`wgmî~fhpih wlcc~ì wfgm C`mru`rwliì

h`cdwwì pin nlgm krf~fwgm dpw`fidin`rw`~zì) N`r

Pjw~din# ndww nf` C`riìnì h`ri` jf~ FG^ wuf`cì#

cîww~ wfgm fj Pi~`rrfgm~ ip~zì)

0) J`nfìnfndk~fwgm` Ób`rc`hpihì zpj @fiwd~z qli FG^




77

0)7 Rlcc` n`r C`mru`rwli

‗ Nf` C`mru`rwli bc`fb~ xfgm~fh? Nf` nfndk~fwgmì

pin j`~mlnfwgmì Aîmfhk`f~ì bc`fbì jf~ n`j

@fiwd~z n`w Gljup~`rw x`f~`rmfi xfgm~fh ór `fiì

`rlchr`fgmì Pi~`rrfgm~) C`mru`rwliì wfin x`n`r

nprgm nf` i`pì J`nfì `rw`~zbdr ilgm q`rcf`rì

wf` di B`n`p~pih)

‗ Nf` Rlcc` n`r C`mru`rwli q`rîin`r~ wfgm? Nf`

Rlcc` n`r C`mru`rwli xfrn wfgm b`f n`r Fi~`hrd~fli

qli FG^ fi nì Pi~`rrfgm~ fi nf` Rfgm~pih `fi`r

jln`rf`rìnì pin b`rd~ìnì C`rib`hc`f~pih

q`rwgmf`bì) Fin`j nf` C`mru`rwli nì `fhìq`r*

di~xlr~cfgmì Pjhdih jf~ Filrjd~fliì pin

Xfwwì urdk~fzf`r~# `fiób~ pin q`rb`ww`r~# c`fw~`~

wf` b`f nì C`riìnì `fiì x`wì~cfgmì B`f~rdh

zpr Añrn`rpih n`w c`bìwcdihì C`riìw pin n`w

w`cbw~lrhdifwf`r~ì C`riìw)

0)> Rlcc` n`r C`riìnì

‗ Qlrxfwwì n`r C`riìnì rfgm~fh `fiwgmî~zì?

Wgmóc`rfiiì pin Wgmóc`r q`róhì zpj ^`fc ób`r

`fi hrlww`w Kilx*mlx fi n`r urdk~fwgmì Ip~zpih

qli Filrjd~fkjf~~`c) L~ b`wgmrîik~ wfgm nf`w`w

Kilx*mlx n`r C`riìnì o`nlgm dp lb`raîgm*

cfgm` Urlnpk~`kìi~ifww`) Q`r~f`~` Kìi~ifww`

n`r ndmfi~`r cf`hìnì Klizù~` pin cîih`r`

Ip~zpihw`rdmrpihì `mcì o`nlgm) N`wmdcb fw~

nf` B`hc`f~pih pin krf~fwgm` Rà`}fli nprgm nf`

C`mru`rwli xfgm~fh) Ndw Qlrxfwwì fi n`r Kcdww` fw~

l~ pihc`fgm q`r~`fc~) Mf`rb`f jpww b`dgm~`~ x`rnì#

ndww if`jdin ób`rlrn`r~ bzx) pi~`rlrn`r~ xfrn)

‗ C`riìn` dcw Wdgmkpinfh`? Gljup~`rq`rwf`r~`

Wgmóc`rfiiì pin Wgmóc`r kñiiì zp Gldgmw ór

xìfh`r Gljup~`r`rdmrì` x`rnì) _x`f`r*

hrpuuì wlcc~ì ì~wur`gmìn zpwdjjìh`w`~z~

x`rnì# xlb`f n`r Gljup~`r qli n`r xìfh`r q`r*

wf`r~ì U`rwli b`nfì~ xfrn)

‗ Hì`rd~fliìpi~`rwgmf`n? Nf` m`p~fhì Kfin`r

xprnì fi ndw Filrjd~fliwz`f~dc~`r mfi`fi h`bl*rì) Wf` h`mì dpw nf`w`j Hrpin hdiz din`rw di

~`gmifwgm` H`rî~` m`rdi dcw nf` j`fw~ì @rxdgm*

wìì) Nf` W~rd~`hf` n`w ì~n`gkìnì C`riìw fi

Alrj qli Q`rwpgm pin Frr~pj wuf`c~ `fi` xfgm~fh`

Rlcc`) Nf` C`mru`rwli jpww wfgm n`wmdcb b`xpww~

w`fi# ndww Kfin`r din`r` Dic`f~pihì dcw @rxdgmw`*

i` bìñ~fhì)



7>

0)0 @fiwd~z qli FG^

‗ Filrjd~fliwj`nfpj? Nf` C`mru`rwli wlcc~` ór

nì Pi~`rrfgm~ dpgm Filrjd~fliì ip~zì# x`cgm`

dp GN,NQN# Fi~`ri`~ ln`r C`riurlhrdjjì ór

nf` o`x`fcfh` Wgmpcw~p` dpb`r`f~`~ xlrnì wfin)

Lu~fjdc wfin `c`k~rlifwgm` C`rij`nfì# nf` `fiì

C`mrjf~~`cb`zph bf`~ì)

‗ Kljjpifkd~fliwj`nfpj? Alrjì n`w wlzfdcì

Dpw~dpwgm`w jf~ FG^ wfin ób`rdcc nlr~ wfiiqlcc# xl

pijf~~`cbdr` u`rwñicfgm` B`h`hipihì fii`rmdcb

n`w Wgmpcb`~rf`bw ifgm~ jñhcfgm wfin) Nf`w kdii

zpj B`fwuf`c nprgm nì Gmd~ jf~ `fi`r @}u`r~fi

ln`r `fi`j @}u`r~ì ln`r `fi`r h`j`fiwdj b`~rf`*

bìì Drb`f~wucd~~lrj jf~ `fi`r din`rì Wgmpc*

kcdww` dpw `fi`j din`rì Wurdgmh`bf`~ ln`r `fi`j

din`rì Cdin w`fi)

‗ Upbcfkd~fliwj`nfpj? Fmr` `fhìì Drb`f~ì nfhf*

~dc ndrw~`ccì ln`r B`f~rîh` fj Fi~`ri`~ ucd~zf`rì

zp kñiiì# jdgm~ nì C`riìnì b`wlin`rw Wudww)

Nf` C`mru`rwli kdii nf`w` Jñhcfgmk`f~ ip~zì# fi*

n`j wf` nf` Drb`f~ì n`r Wgmpckcdww` n`r Ñì~cfgm*k`f~ zphîihcfgm jdgm~ ‗ fj Wgmpcmdpw# nì @c~`ri

ln`r zpkói~fhì Drb`f~h`b`ri) Ndw @rw~`ccì `fi`w

u`rwñicfgmì Ulr~lcflw jf~ nì Wgmóc`rfiiì pin

Wgmóc`ri kdii fi nf`w`j _pwdjjìmdih wfiiqlcc

w`fi)

‗ Dpwh`xlhì`r J`nfì`fiwd~z? Nf` C`mru`rwli

wlcc~` ndrdp dgm~ì# ndww dcc` J`nfì xf` Bpgm#

Bfcn# Afcj# ^li# Jln`cc# `~g) dpwh`xlhì `fih`w`~z~

x`rnì) Nf` h`j`fiwdj` Rà`k~fli jf~ nì C`r*

iìnì ób`r nf` Drb`f~ dj Gljup~`r fw~ xfgm~fh)

Mf`rzp jówwì b`xpww~ _`f~rîpj` ór H`wurîgm`

pin nì Dpw~dpwgm zpj ^m`jd Gljup~`r`fiwd~z

h`wgmdì x`rnì)

‗ Gljup~`r pin Kr`d~fqf~î~? Nf` jìwgmcfgm`

Aîmfhk`f~ wgmñu`rfwgm nìkì pin mdin`ci zp

kñiiì# h`xfii~ h`w`ccwgmd~cfgm j`mr pin j`mr

di B`n`p~pih) Nf` C`fw~pih h`fw~fh`r Wgmñupi*

hì rógk~ q`rj`mr~ fi nì Alkpw n`r Xfwwìwgmd~

‗ db`r dpgm n`r Xfr~wgmd~) FG^ bfrh~ `fi hrlww`w

Ul~ìzfdc kr`d~fq` Urlz`ww` b`f n`rì Fif~ff`rpih#

Klizù~fli pin Klikr`~fwf`rpih zp pi~`rw~ó~zì)

@w fw~ n`wmdcb qli zì~rdc`r B`n`p~pih# nì Glj*

up~`r ifgm~ dp nf` Dixìnpihwq`rjf~~cpih zp

r`npzf`rì# wlin`ri dpgm dcw X`rkz`ph zpr Kr`d~f*

qf~î~wñrn`rpih h`zf`c~ `fizpw`~zì)

‗ H`wgmc`gm~wwu`zfwgm` Pi~`rwgmf`n`? Jîn*

gmì mdbì fi n`r R`h`c `fiì din`rì B`zph zp

Gljup~`ri dcw Kidbì) Nf`w` pi~`rwgmf`ncfgmì _p*

hîih` jówwì b`f n`r Ucdipih n`r Drb`f~ qli n`r

C`mru`rwli b`rógkwfgm~fh~ x`rnì)




70

0)1 @fiwd~z n`w Fi~`ri`~w

‗ Hcdpbxórnfhk`f~ n`r Filrjd~fliì? C`mru`rwl*

iì wlcc~ì ndrdp b`ndgm~ w`fi# nì Wgmóc`rfiiì

pin Wgmóc`ri Krf~`rfì zpr B`pr~`fcpih n`r Hcdpb*

xórnfhk`f~ qli Filrjd~fliì dp X`bw`f~ì zp

q`rjf~~`ci) @fi` krf~fwgm` Dpw`fidin`rw`~zpih jf~

n`j Fi~`ri`~ dcw Filrjd~fliwtp`cc` fw~ xfgm~fh)

‗ Filrjd~fliwap~? H`rdn` ndw Drb`f~ì jf~

rf`wfhì Filrjd~fliwjìhì `rlrn`r~ nf` Pi~`r*

w~ó~zpih n`r C`riìnì nprgm nf` C`mru`rwli) @w

fw~ wfiiqlcc jf~ nì C`riìnì W~rd~`hfì ór nf`

B`xîc~fhpih qli hrlwwì Filrjd~fliwjìhì zp

ì~xfgk`ci) Wl kdii z)B) nf` Drb`f~ jf~ X`btp`w~w

fi wlcgmì Aîccì mfcr`fgm w`fi)

‗ Cfikcfw~ì? @w clmi~ wfgm# xìi Fi~`ri`~r`gm`rgmì

jf~ w`cbw~ `rw~`cc~ì Cfikcfw~ì pi~`rw~ó~z~ x`rnì)

Cfikcfw~ì cdwwì wfgm nprgm nf` C`mru`rwli fi `c`k*

~rlifwgmì Nlkpjì~ì ln`r fj Fi~`ri`~ `rw~`c*

cì) Nf` C`riìnì q`rcf`rì ndik Cfikcfw~ì ifgm~

piiñ~fh _`f~# bfw wf` `fiì Dp~rdh `róccì kñiiì#

bzx) `rmdc~ì Pi~`rw~ó~zpih b`f `fi`j R`gm`r*gmf`rdp~rdh) Nf` klw~ìclw` Ucd~~lrj `npgdi`~2

fw~ ór ndw Ucd~zf`rì qli Cfikw w`mr h``fhi`~) Aór

R`gm`rgm`zx`gk` wfin wlxlmc C`}fkd dp Wu`fgm`r*

j`nfì kîpafgm dcw dpgm licfi` fj Fi~`ri`~ q`róh*

bdr)

‗ Alrjpcf`rpih fiilqd~fq`r Dphdbìw~`ccpi*

hì pj «Gluv din Udw~`» zp q`rmfin`ri? Nf`

Wpgm` pin ndw _pwdjjì~rdhì qli Filrjd~fl*

iì fj Fi~`ri`~ q`rc`f~`~ Wgmóc`rfiiì pin Wgmóc`r

ndzp# fmr` Drb`f~ì jf~ bclww`j «Gluv din Udw~`»

-^ }~ dpw n`j Fi~`ri`~ kluf`rì pin fi `fi ^`}~*

nlkpjì~ `fióhì& zp `rc`nfhì) N`r C`ri``k~

fw~ mf`rb`f jfifjdc) Nf` C`mru`rwli jpww n`wmdcb

Dp~rîh` ucdiì# x`cgm` Wgmóc`rfiiì pin Wgmóc`r

ndzp zxfihì# wfgm jf~ nì Fimdc~ì dk~fq dpw*

`fidin`r zp w`~zì) Mf`r kdii z)B) nf` Drb`f~ jf~

Gligù~ Jduw mfcr`fgm w`fi)

‗ Wìwfbfcfwf`rpih n`r Wgmóc`rfiiì pin Wgmóc`r

fj Pjhdih jf~ r`jn`j Jd~`rfdc? Wgmóc`rfi*

iì pin Wgmóc`r jówwì qli n`r C`mru`rwli dph`*

lrn`r~ x`rnì# wlrhîc~fh jf~ Tp`ccì pjzph`mì)

Nì C`riìnì wlcc dph`z`fh~ x`rnì# xf` `fidgm

`w ór `fi` C`mru`rwli fw~# Ucdhfd~` dpzpn`gkì)

‗ Kljjpifkd~fli? N`r Dpw~dpwgm qli Filrjd~fl*

iì jf~~`cw @*Jdfc zp `fi`r din`rì Kcdww` kdii

x`r~qlcc` Kljjpifkd~fliwdicîww` pin Kli~dk~`

wgmdì) ^m`jì kñiiì qli Wgmóc`rfiiì pin

Wgmóc`ri dpgm fi `fi`j Alrpj nfwkp~f`r~ x`rnì)

‗ R`h`ci wgmdì? R`h`ci ór nf` wfgm`r` pin q`r*

di~xlr~pihwqlcc` Bìp~zpih n`w Fi~`ri`~w wfin

xfgm~fh) Nf` C`mru`rwliì jówwì ndrdp dgm~ì#

ndww nf` q`r`fibdr~ì R`h`ci fi n`r Wgmpc` dpgm

`fih`mdc~ì x`rnì) Nf` Kljjpifkd~fli n`r

R`h`ci di nf` @rzf`mpihwb`r`gm~fh~ì kdii ór nf`

B`xîc~fhpih `fi`r dccîccfhì Kliafk~wf~pd~fli mfc*

r`fgm w`fi)



71

0)8 C`riwl~xdr`

Pi~`r C`riwl~xdr` xfrn fi nf`w`j Nlkpjì~ clkdc zp

fiw~dccf`rìn` ln`r dp n`j Fi~`ri`~ q`róhbdr` pin

zp C`rizx`gkì `rw~`cc~` Wl~xdr` q`rw~dinì) B`fj

@fiwd~z qli C`riwl~xdr` fw~ `w clmiìwx`r~# lchìn`

nfndk~fwgmì pin j`~mlnfwgmì H`ndikì zp jdgmì?

‗ Q`rwgmf`nì` Dr~ì qli C`riwl~xdr` ip~zì?

@w hfb~ zdmcr`fgm` Kd~dclhfwf`rpihwq`rdmrì qli

C`riwl~xdr`) Nf` lchìn` C`riwl~xdr`~vulclhf`

xfrn qli n`r Wgmx`fz`rfwgmì Adgmw~`cc` ór Filrjd*

~fliw~`gmilclhfì fj Bfcnpihwx`wì -WAFB& `fih`*

w`~z~ pin fj lchìnì x`f~h`mìn xñr~cfgm zf~f`r~

-xxx)`qdwl~)`npgd)gm&?

‗ Xfwwìwwvw~`j`? Nf` Wl~xdr` w~`cc~ nf` jpc~f*

j`nfdc`# mvu`r~`}~bdwf`r~` Dpb`r`f~pih `fi`w

Xfwwìwb`r`fgmw ndr) Ndw Xfwwì xfrn fi Xlr~#

Bfcn pin ^li urîwì~f`r~) Dpgm jpc~fj`nfdc` C`*

}fkd pin Xñr~`rbógm`r x`rnì nf`w`j Wl~xdr`*

~vu zph`lrni`~) Nprgm nf` rîpjcfgm` Ndrw~`ccpih

qli Jln`ccì pin Kñru`ri bf`~`~ nf` Wl~xdr`

`rx`f~`r~` Diwgmdppihwjñhcfgmk`f~ì -z)B)Qfwpdcfwf`rpih n`r Fiiìwfgm~ n`w jìwgmcfgmì

Kñru`rw ln`r n`r Ndrw~`ccpih gm`jfwgm`r Jlc`kó*

c` ‗ Qfwpdcfwf`rpihwwl~xdr`&)

‗ Óbpihwwl~xdr`? @fi b`r`f~w `rdrb`f~`~`r C`ri*

fimdc~,C`riw~l xfrn `fih`ób~# q`r~f`~ pin, ln`r

hùró~) _)B) ^rdfifihw* pin ^`w~wl~xdr` xf`

Qlkdb`c*# Jd~m`jd~fk* pin R`gm~wgmr`fb`~rdfi`r)

‗ ^p~lrfdcw? @fi nfndk~fwgm dpb`r`f~`~`r C`rifimdc~#

«i`p`w» Xfwwì xfrn wgmrf~~x`fw` pin wvw~`jd~fwgm

q`rjf~~`c~# wlxf` `q~c) `fih`ób~,hùró~) Nf` Wl~*

xdr` ób`rifjj~ nf` Rlcc` n`r C`mru`rwli -^p~lr&)

-_)B) Kdr~ì c`wì c`riì jf~ «Wxfww Jdu ^rlumv»

ln`r Wurdgmc`mrurlhrdjj`)&

‗ Wfjpcd~fliì# Wfjpcd~fliwurlhrdjj`? Kljuc`}`

Wdgmq`rmdc~` dpw b`w~fjj~ì Xfwwìwb`r`fgmì

-z)B) Xfr~wgmd~# Kcfjd& x`rnì dcw fi~`rdk~fq`

Jln`cc`,Wf~pd~fliì urîwì~f`r~) Nf` C`riìnì

kñiiì nprgm ndw Q`rîin`ri qli Qdrfdbcì jf~

n`r qlrh`h`bìì Jln`ccwf~pd~fli `}u`rfjì~f`*

rì pin _pwdjjìmîih` ì~n`gkì)

‗ Jfkrlx`c~ì? Nf` Wl~xdr` w~`cc~ n`j Bìp~zìnìX`rkz`ph`,Lbo`k~`, @nf~lrpik~fliì zpr Q`ró*

hpih# jf~ n`rì Mfc` `r wfgm w`cbw~ `fi` qfr~p`cc`

Pjh`bpih -Jfkrlx`c~& wgmdì kdii) N`r Bìp~*

zìn` kdii jf~ nì qlrh`h`bìì X`rkz`phì,

Urlhrdjjlu~fliì z)B) `fhì` Óbpihì wgmr`fbì#

jpc~fj`nfdc` H`wgmfgm~ì drrdihf`rì# fi~`rdk~fq

h`lj`~rfwgm` Ndrw~`ccpihì kliw~rpf`rì pin wfgm

finfqfnpdcfwf`r~` Drb`f~wpjh`bpihì `firfgm~ì)

Dpgm W~dindrnurlhrdjj` -z)B) Xlrn# @}g`c# Lp~*

cllk& x`rnì nf`w`r Wl~xdr`kd~`hlrf` zph`lrni`~)

‗ Wuf`ch`wgmfgm~ì? Ndw wfin @rzîmcpihì# nf` dj

Gljup~`r «`rwuf`c~» x`rnì) Nf` Wl~xdr` z`fgm*

i`~ wfgm `fi`rw`f~w nprgm `fi` Wuf`chpr# nf` nfr`k~

pin finfr`k~ h`w~`p`r~ xfrn pin din`r`rw`f~w

nprgm nf` Jñhcfgmk`f~# nì Alr~hdih n`r H`wgmfgm*

~` w~`ccìx`fw` zp b``fiapwwì# dpw) Nf` Udc`~~`

r`fgm~ qlj fi~`rdk~fqì Bpgm bfw zpj Jpc~fj`nfd*

dbì~`p`r)

‗ @rhîizpihì zp qlrmdinìì C`mrjf~~`ci? _p

qf`cì ~rdnf~fli`ccì C`mrjf~~`ci wfin m`p~` `c`k~rl*

ifwgm` @rhîizpihì dp GN*RLJ ln`r dp n`j X`b

`rmîc~cfgm) Nf`w` Jd~`rfdcfì mdbì nì Qlr~`fc# ndwwwf` fimdc~cfgm dp ndw C`mrjf~~`c dbh`w~fjj~ wfin)

‗ Wdik~fliwr`f` pin pijf~~`cbdr` Rógkj`cnpi*

hì? C`mru`rwliì kñiiì zp nf`w`j _x`gk qli

fi~`rdk~fqì J`nfì H`brdpgm jdgmì# nf` nì C`r*

iìnì pijf~~`cbdr pin finfqfnp`cc Rógkj`cnpihì

h`bì -`~xd b`f Dphdbì pin Óbpihì&)

‗ W`cbw~w~îinfh` Ip~zpih? C`riwl~xdr` wlcc~` qli

nì C`riìnì -idgm `fi`r `fijdcfhì @fiómrpih&

x`f~h`mìn lmi` r`jn` Mfc` ip~zbdr w`fi)

‗ Finfqfnp`cc`w C`riì? Nf` C`riìnì wlccì q`r*

wgmf`nì` Wgmxf`rfhk`f~ww~pì xîmcì kñiiì) N`r

Dpxdin `fi`w w`rq`rbdwf`r~ì Wu`fgm`riw pin Q`r*

xdc~ìw qli _xfwgmìw~îinì b`f Nrfcc din Urdg~fg`*

Wl~xdr` clmi~ wfgm ifgm~# nd nf`w nì C`ri``k~

kdpj q`rb`ww`r~) C`riwl~xdr`*Url~lklcc` wlccì qli

n`r C`mru`rwli ifgm~ dcw B`pr~`fcpihwfiw~rpjì~ q`r*

xìn`~ x`rnì)

‗ K`fi` piiñ~fhì @c`jì~`? C`riwl~xdr` wlcc~`

ifgm~ nprgm `fi ifgm~ ób`rwurfihbdr`w Fi~rl b`fj

W~dr~ ln`r b`fj Urlhrdjjìn` piiñ~fh _`f~ fi Di*

wurpgm i`mjì) _pn`j wlcc~` ndw Urlhrdjj o`n`r*z`f~ pi~`rbrlgmì x`rnì kñiiì# ndjf~ `w wfgm

dpgm ór kprz` C`riumdwì `fhi`~)




78

0)= _`f~cfgm` pin lrhdifwd~lrfwgm`

Dwu`k~` n`r FG^*Ip~zpih

‗ Q`rwgmf`bpih n`w Dpxdinw fi nf` Pi~`r*

rfgm~wqlrb`r`f~pih? Nf` C`mru`rwli jpww b`nì*

kì# ndww ndw Pi~`rrfgm~ì jf~ i`pì J`nfì l~

qf`c Qlrb`r`f~pihwz`f~ `rlrn`r~) Nf`w` _`f~ jpww

b`xpww~ hùcdi~ x`rnì) Nf` Jñhcfgmk`f~ fj ^`dj

qlrzpb`r`f~ì# bzx) Pi~`rrfgm~wjd~`rfdc dpwzp~dp*

wgmì wlcc~` hìp~z~ x`rnì) Fj Fi~`ri`~ w~`mì

qf`c` Pi~`rrfgm~wfn`ì b`r`f~ -z)B) xxx)wzìdrfì)

`npgd)gm&)

‗

^r iiì qli Q`rjf~~cpih pin Dixìnpih? @r*

kcîrpihì zp nì Dphdbì ln`r Mfix`fw` ór nf`

Urlhrdjjip~zpih wlcc~ì qli n`r C`mru`rwli di*

h`brdgm~ x`rnì# lmi` ndww wfgm nf` Wgmóc`rfiiì

pin Wgmóc`r b`r`f~w qlr n`j Gljup~`r bìnì)

H`jîww Mdr~jdii# Iî# R`fgm`r~ [Mdr~jdii `~ dc)

2551Z cdwwì wfgm ^m`lrf` pin Urd}fw fj Filrjd~fk*

pi~`rrfgm~ fi nr`fdgm`r Mfiwfgm~ ~rìiì? Rîpjcfgm

nprgm `fi` h``fhi`~` Rdpj`firfgm~pih# z`f~cfgm

nprgm `fi` kcdr` Pi~`r~`fcpih qli ^m`lrf``fim`f*

~ì pin urdk~fwgmì Óbpihì dj Gljup~`r pinfimdc~cfgm nprgm h`~rìi~` Pi~`rcdhì ór nì url*

npk~pidbmîihfhì ^m`lrf`~`fc pin nì urlnpk~db*

mîihfhì Urd}fw~`fc)

‗ _`f~ucdi ór nf` Kcdww`? Xìi ób`r `fi` h`xfww`

_`f~wudii` mfix`h `fiz`ci ln`r fi Udr~i`rdrb`f~ di

xìfhì Gljup~`ri h`drb`f~`~ x`rnì wlcc# clmi~

wfgm ndw @rw~`ccì `fi`w @fiwd~zucdi`w)

‗ _f`clrfì~f`r~ pin kcdr w~rpk~prf`r~? Aór nf`

Drb`f~ dj Gljup~`r `fhiì wfgm C`rilrjì# nf`

`fi w`cbw~w~îinfh`w C`riì `rjñhcfgmì) Nf` Alrjp*

cf`rpih qli kcdrì C`rizf`cì fw~ n`wmdcb xfgm~fh)

Nf` C`mru`wli jpww wfgm H`ndikì jdgmì ób`r

nf` Dr~ n`r _f`c`rr`fgmpih) Mf`rb`f wfin hp~ w~rpk~p*

rf`r~` Drb`f~wdix`fwpihì mfcr`fgm)

‗ Bìp~zpihwr`h`ci? Aór nf` Drb`f~ pin nì Pj*

hdih jf~ n`j Gljup~`r jówwì fj Klcc`hfpj

R`h`ci dph`w~`cc~ x`rnì# wlxlmc ór nf` Wgmóc`*

rfiiì pin Wgmóc`r dcw dpgm ór nf` C`mru`rwliì

-z)B) wlrhîc~fh`r Pjhdih jf~ nì H`rî~ì# Mlcì

pin X`hrîpjì n`r H`rî~`# Pjhdih jf~ Udww*

xñr~`ri# Qfrìwgmp~z# Nd~ìwfgm`rpih# Pjhdih jf~

urlbc`jd~fwgmì W`f~ì dpw n`j Fi~`ri`~&)

‗ @rhliljf`? Nf` C`mru`rwli wlcc~` ndór wlrhì#

ndww nf` Kñru`rmdc~pih n`r C`riìnì wl fw~# ndww

k`fi` Jpwk`cq`rwudiipihì ì~w~`mì) @fi` hrlww`

Drb`f~waîgm` pin dpwr`fgmìn B`x`hpihwr`fm`f~

wfin mf`rb`f mfcr`fgm)



7=

0)6 C`rilrjì b`f n`r Ip~zpih qli FG^

Aór `fiì dpwh`xlhìì @fiwd~z qli FG^ bf`~ì wfgm

pi~`r din`r`j lchìn` Pi~`rrfgm~wj`~mlnì di?

‗ Arli~dcpi~`rrfgm~? N`r Arli~dcpi~`rrfgm~ kdii

nprgm FG^ dcw Urîwì~d~fliwj`nfpj dih`r`fgm`r~

x`rnì)

‗ X`rkw~d~~ pin Xlgmìucdi? Nf`w` b`fnì C`ri*

lrjì `fhiì wfgm b`wlin`rw ndzp# FG^ fi Pi~`r*

rfgm~w`tpìzì zp fi~`hrf`rì) Wgmóc`rfiiì pin

Wgmóc`r `rmdc~ì wl nf` Jñhcfgmk`f~# w`mr w`cbw~w~îi*

nfh zp drb`f~ì)

‗ Urlo`k~drb`f~? FG^ kdii b`f Urlo`k~drb`f~ì qf`c*

îc~fh `fih`w`~z~ x`rnì -R`gm`rgmì# Kljjpifkd*

~fli# Urîwì~d~fli# pwx)&) B`wlin`rw nf` kr`d~fqì

Jñhcfgmk`f~ì qli FG^ cdwwì wfgm b`f Urlo`k~ì

ip~zì)

‗ @i~n`gkìn`w C`riì? Nì Wgmóc`rfiiì pin

Wgmóc`ri xfrn ndnprgm `rjñhcfgm~# Urlhrdjj`

w`cbw~w~îinfh zp `rlrwgmì) Dcw C`mru`rwli fw~ `w

ifgm~ il~xìnfh# nì C`riìnì dcc` Jñhcfgmk`f*~ì `fi`w Urlhrdjjw qli Didih di dpzpz`fhì)

Wgmóc`rfiiì pin Wgmóc`r inì qf`c w`cb`r m`rdpw

pin h`bì fmr b`r`f~w `rxlrbì`w Xfwwì dpgm

h`ri` x`f~`r)

‗ J`nfì ór `fhìq`rdi~xlr~cfgm`w# finfqfnp*

`cc`w C`riì? H`zf`c~`r @fiwd~z qli FG^ ñrn`r~

nf` Finfqfnpdcfwf`rpih) Jpc~fj`nfdc` Jlnpc` -fikc)

C`riurlhrdjj`&# nf` lafi` pin,ln`r licfi` zpr

Q`róhpih h`w~`cc~ x`rnì# kñiiì ór ndw `fhì*

q`rdi~xlr~cfgm` C`riì hìp~z~ x`rnì)

‗

Urlbc`jlrfì~f`r~`w C`riì? FG^ bf`~`~ Jñh*

cfgmk`f~ì ifgm~ ipr ~rîh`w Xfwwì zp q`rjf~~`ci#

wlin`ri `fiì urlbc`jcñwpihwlrfì~f`r~ì Pj*

hdih jf~ Filrjd~fliì pin Xfwwì zp ñrn`ri) @fi

dcc* pin urlbc`jb`zlhì`r Pi~`rrfgm~ kdii jf~

dk~p`ccì pin dp~mì~fwgmì# nfhf~dc q`róhbdrì

Filrjd~fliì h`ñrn`r~ x`rnì)

0)45 Wlzfdclrjì

‗ Udr~i`rdrb`f~,Hrpuuìdrb`f~? Dpgm xìi ndw

C`riì dp nì `rw~ì Bcfgk `fi finfqfnp`cc`r Url*

z`ww fw~# ndr n`r wlzfdc` Dwu`k~ n`w C`riìw ifgm~

dpww`r Dgm~ h`cdwwì x`rnì) Fin`j nf` C`mru`rwli

nf` Wgmóc`rfiiì pin Wgmóc`r uddrx`fw` ln`r fi

Hrpuuì dj Gljup~`r drb`f~ì cîww~# kdii kllu`*

rd~fq`w C`riì h`ñrn`r~ x`rnì) Ndnprgm kñiiì

Wgmóc`rfiiì pin Wgmóc`r qli`fidin`r c`riì pin

fmr` Wlzfdcklju`~ìzì q`rb`ww`ri) Ndb`f wlcc~`

jdi dpgm Jñhcfgmk`f~ì wgmdì# xl Kidbì pin

Jîngmì zpwdjjì drb`f~ì kñiiì) Wf` mdbì

din`r` _phîih` zp FG^ pin kñiiì qli`fidin`r

url~f`rì)

‗ Kcdwwìpi~`rrfgm~? Jf~ Il~`bllk pin B`dj`r

kñiiì wgmi`cc pin `fidgm R`wpc~d~` dpwh`~dpwgm~

ln`r Kliw~rpk~fliwdbcîp` rù`~f`r~ x`rnì)




76

0)44 Pjhdih jf~ Drb`f~w`rh`bifwwì

‗ Rógkj`cnpih di nf` C`riìnì? Nf`rìzf`r~`

Rógkj`cnpihì n`r C`mru`rwli di nf` Wgmóc`*

rfiiì pin Wgmóc`r h`bì nì jf~ FG^ `rw~`cc~ì

Drb`f~ì nì il~xìnfhì W~`ccìx`r~)

‗ R`gm~cfgm` Hrìzì? Nf` r`gm~cfgmì Hrpincdhì

b`zóhcfgm n`w Prm`b`rr`gm~w -z)B) Gluvrfhm~ dp

^`}~ì ln`r Bfcn`ri b`f Q`rñì~cfgmpihì fj

Fi~`ri`~# Ucdhfdrfwjpw ln`r Wgmp~z `fhì`r Urlnpk*

~`& jpww qli n`r C`mru`rwli wlrhîc~fh b`dgm~`~

x`rnì)

‗ Ucdhfd~`? Nf` C`mru`rwli jpww Wgmóc`rfiiì pin

Wgmóc`ri c`mrì# Dpwwdhì qli din`rì U`rwliì

klrr`k~ zp zf~f`rì) Nprgm c`fgm~` Kluf`rbdrk`f~ nf*

hf~dc`r J`nfì x`rnì nf` C`riìnì zp Ucdhfd~ì

q`rc`f~`~) N`rdr~fh` Ucdhfd~` kñiiì nprgm `fidgm`

R`gm`rgmì dph`n`gk~ x`rnì)

‗ Q`rñì~cfgmpih qli @rh`bifwwì? C`riìn`

wlccì nprgm nf` C`mru`rwli ndzp `rjp~fh~ x`r*

nì# fmr` `rw~`cc~ì Drb`f~ì din`ri zpr Q`róhpih

zp w~`ccì -z)B) fi `fi`r fi~`rdk~fqì Drb`f~w* pinC`ripjh`bpih ór Wgmpc` pin Dpwbfcnpih xf` b`f

xxx)`npgdi`~2)gm&

0)42 Pjhdih jf~ urlbc`jd~fwgmì

Dwu`k~ì qli FG^

‗ Ophình`îmrnìn` Fimdc~` qli Fi~`ri`~w`f~ì?

_p `fi`j q`rdi~xlr~pihwb`xpww~ì Pjhdih jf~

i`p`r Filrjd~fliw* pin Kljjpifkd~fliw~`gmilcl*

hf` -FG^& h`mñr~ dpgm `fi` Dpw`fidin`rw`~zpih jf~

ophình`îmrnìnì Fimdc~ì -H`xdc~# Ulrilhrd*

umf`# Rdwwfwjpw& qli Fi~`ri`~w`f~ì# x`cgm` q`rj`mr~

dpgm dp n`j Mdinv q`rbr`f~`~ x`rnì) N`r `npgd*

hpfn` «FG^ pin @~mfk» -xxx)`~mfk)`npgdhpfn`w)gm&

hfb~ mfcr`fgm` Filrjd~fli# xf` jf~ Dih`bl~ì# nf`

ór Kfin`r pin Ophìncfgm` pih``fhi`~ wfin# pjh`*

hdihì x`rnì kdii)

‗ R`h`ci diw~d~~ Rùr`wwfli? Nf` Ip~zpih qli FG^

kdii fi n`r Wgmpc` fjj`r xf`n`r zp Urlbc`jì

ómrì) R`fi` Q`rbl~` dcw dcc`fifh` Jdwwidmj` wfin

dpw uîndhlhfwgm`r Wfgm~ ifgm~ wfiiqlcc) Nf` C`mru`r*

wli jpww nf` Urlbc`jd~fk jf~ nì Wgmóc`rfiiì pin

Wgmóc`r fj Pi~`rrfgm~ nfwkp~f`rì pin h`j`fiwdj`

Q`r`fibdrpihì dpw~`ccì) rdiwudrìz n`r Q`r`fi*

bdrpihì h`hìób`r nì @c~`ri kdii Kliafk~ì

qlrb`phì)



>5

1)4 Q`rx`fw dp nì `npgdhpfn`

Firdw~rpk~pr

Aór nf` ~`gmifwgmì pin lrhdifwd~lrfwgmì @ju`m*

cpihì xfrn dp nì fj Lk~lb`r 2551 `rwgmfììì

`npgdhpfn` Firdw~rpk~pr -xxx)firdw~rpk~pr)`npgd

hpfn`w)gm& q`rxf`wì) @r xprn` qli B`d~ Nñb`*

cf Mli`hh`r pin Qfigì~ wgm`r~`r fj Dp~rdh n`w

Bpin`wdj~`w ór Bfcnpih pin `gmilclhf` -BB^& di

n`r Uîndhlhfwgmì Mlgmwgmpc` n`r Adgmmlgmwgmpc`

Ilrnx`w~wgmx`fz fi Wlcl~mpri `rdrb`f~`~)

Nf`w` Upbcfkd~fli cf``r~ @ju`mcpihì zp B`wgmd*

pih pin B`~rf`b qli FG^*Firdw~rpk~pr di dcch`j`fibfc*

nìnì Wgmpcì) Ndb`f xfrn dp cdihc`bfh` Dpwwdhì

pin `fi` q`rw~îincfgm` Wurdgm` h`dgm~`~)

Idgmlchìn xfrn nf` Kprzdwwpih n`w `npgdhpfn`w

Firdw~rpk~pr xñr~cfgm dbh`nrpgk~) @fi` dpwómrcfgm`

Q`rwfli nf`w`r @ju`mcpihì fw~ pi~`r xxx)wgmllc*fg~)

gm,Firdw~rpk~pr,@npgdHpfn` q`róhbdr)

Dbwgmcf`wwìn xfrn pi~`r Upik~ 1)44 dp nf` kdi~liw*

wu`zfwgmì Wlccx`r~` `fih`hdihì) Dcw Hrpincdh`

ndzp nfì~` bìdccw n`r npgdhpfn` Firdw~rpk~pr)

1)2 Hrpinwî~z`

-dpw n`j `npgdhpfn` Firdw~rpk~pr&

‗ B`dgm~ì Wf` nf` b`wlin`rì B`nórifww` qli

Wgmpcì? Nf` Q`rwpgmpih fw~ hrlww# n`j Hcdiz n`r

~`gmifwgmì Jñhcfgmk`f~ì zp `rcf`hì pin di

Wgmpcì nf` dpw n`r Xfr~wgmd~ b`kdii~ì Klizù*

~` pjzpw`~zì# ór nf` hdr k`fi fimdc~cfgm`r B`ndr

b`w~`m~) Wgmpcì wfin db`r k`fi` Pi~`ri`mjì) Wf`

w~`ccì din`r` Dilrn`rpihì di nf` FG^*Firdw*

~rpk~pr dcw `fi Pi~`ri`mjì) Ndm`r cdwwì wfgm nf`

dpw Pi~`ri`mjì b`kdii~ì W~dindrncñwpihì

ifgm~ `fiw zp `fiw dp Wgmpcì dixìnì)

‗ Nìkì Wf` di dcc` Bdpw~`fi` ór `fi` pik~fl*

if`rìn` Firdw~rpk~pr di dcch`j`fibfcnìnì

Wgmpcì? Ac`}fb`c `fiw`~zbdr` Drb`f~wh`rî~` fi

hìóhìn`r _dmc# Fi~`ri`~# `fi Ullc qli U`rfum`*

rf`*H`rî~ì pin ‗ b`wlin`rw xfgm~fh ‗ hìóhìn

Jf~~`c ór nì ~`gmifwgmì pin uîndhlhfwgmì

Wpuulr~# wlxf` X`f~`rbfcnpih ór C`mru`rwliì

bfcnì pidbnfihbdr` Bdpw~`fi` ór `fi` idgmmdc~f*

h` Fi~`hrd~fli qli FG^ fi nì Wgmpcdcc~dh)

‗

Pi~`rwgm`fnì Wf` nr`f Ip~zpihwwumîrì? Nf`zpi`mjìn` Q`rbr`f~pih qli Gljup~`ri pin

Fi~`ri`~ md~ ndzp h`ómr~# ndww b`fj ^m`jd «FG^

pin Wgmpc`» ifgm~ j`mr ipr nf` H`rî~` «fj Wgmpc*

mdpw» b`~rdgm~`~ x`rnì kñiiì) U`rwñicfgm`

H`rî~` pin Nfìw~` fj Fi~`ri`~ i`mjì di B`n`p*

~pih zp)

‗ W~dindrnfwf`rì Wf`? N`r B`~rf`bwdpxdin ór

`fi` m`~`rlhì zpwdjjìh`w`~z~` FG^*Firdw~rpk*

~pr w~`fh~ ób`rurlulr~flidc) Nf` Ób`rwgmdpbdrk`f~

n`r Mdrn* pin n`r Wl~xdr`klihprd~fliì ifjj~

jf~ n`r Qf`cdc~ n`r `fih`w`~z~ì H`rî~` rdufn` db)

Mdc~ì Wf` n`wmdcb Fmr` FG^*Firdw~rpk~pr wl `fim`f~*

cfgm xf` jñhcfgm)

‗ H`wdj~klw~ìb`~rdgm~pih? Aór `fi idgmmdc~fh`w

FG^*Klizù~ fw~ `w xfgm~fh# dcc` Klw~ì fj Bcfgk zp

mdbì pin ì~wur`gmìn zp ucdiì) W~pnfì zpj

^m`jd «^l~dc Glw~ l Lxi`rwmfu» -^GL& b`wdhì? Fi

Pi~`ri`mjì jdgmì nf` B`wgmdpihwklw~ì fj

Q`rhc`fgm zp nì fiwh`wdj~ didccìnì FG^*Firdw*

~rpk~prklw~ì ipr h`rdn` `fiì Qf`r~`c dpw)

1) ^ gmifwgm` pin lrhdifwd~lrfwgm` @ju`mcpihì




>4

1)7 Drb`f~wh`rî~`


1)7)4 Dcch`j`fi

‗ Pi~`rwgm`fnì Wf` Ip~zpihwjln`cc`? Nf` FG^*Fi*

rdw~rpk~pr kdii fi n`r Wgmpc` dp pi~`rwgmf`ncfgm`

Dr~ì `fih`w`~z~ x`rnì kñiiì) Pi~`rwgm`fnì

pin nfwkp~f`rì Wf` q`rwgmf`nì` Ip~zpihwjln`cc`)

‗ B`wgmdì Wf` ipr jlbfc` R`gmi`r? Jlbfc` H`*

rî~` kñiiì a`}fbc`r pin iîm`r b`f nì C`riìnì

`fih`w`~z~ x`rnì) Nf`w`r J`mrx`r~ r`gm~`r~fh~

nf` J`mrklw~ì)

‗ B`wgmdì Wf` ipr dcc` qf`r Odmr` i`p` FG^*Fi*

rdw~rpk~pr? Dpw W~dindrnfwf`rpihwhróinì `ju*

`mcì xfr# dcc` H`rî~` hc`fgmz`f~fh zp b`wgmdì

pin ifgm~ fi oîmrcfgm` ^rdigmì dpzp~`fcì)

‗ B`rógkwfgm~fhì Wf` nf` urfqd~ì R`gmi`r n`r

C`riìnì pin C`mrìnì fj FG^*Klizù~

n`r Wgmpc`? Nf` Dizdmc n`r qli C`mru`rwliì pin

C`riìnì q`rxìn`~ì urfqd~ì jlbfcì H`rî~`

ifjj~ cdpìn zp) @w kdii wfiiqlcc w`fi# nì @fiwd~z

nf`w`r H`rî~` fj Wgmpcpj`cn zp rcdpbì pin fjAdcc` qli C`mru`rwliì wlhdr zp ñrn`ri) Nf` @fi*

bfinpih n`r H`rî~` fiw Pi~`rrfgm~wi`~z n`r Wgmpc`

fw~ wgmrf~cfgm zp r`h`ci)

‗ Pi~`rwgm`fnì Wf` zxfwgmì @rw~* pin _x`f~ip~*

zpih qli FG^*Firdw~rpk~pr? Aómrì Wf` Drb`f~wh`*

rî~` idgm `fi`r @rw~ip~zpihwndp`r qli qf`r Odmrì

`fi`r _x`f~ip~zpih -z) B) dcw Wprw~d~fli& zp)

‗ H`mì Wf` b`f jlbfcì H`rî~ì qli `fi`r

qf`roîmrfhì @rw~ip~zpihwndp`r dpw? Fj Wgmpc*

pj`cn wfin jlbfc` H`rî~` `~xd qf`r Odmr` ip~z*

bdr) Ndidgm jówwì wf` `rw`~z~ pin dccìdccw `fi`r

_x`f~ip~zpih zph`ómr~ x`rnì)

‗ Kdpì Wf` Tpdcf~î~? Di Wgmpcì wfin nf` Dilr*

n`rpihì di nf` H`rî~` mlgm) Qf`c` U`rwliì jf~

pi~`rwgmf`ncfgmì Diwurógmì bìp~zì nf`w`cbì

Gljup~`r pin nf`w` w~`mì j`fw~ cîih`r fj @fiwd~z

dcw fi Pi~`ri`mjì) C`hì Wf` X`r~ dp Tpdcf~î~$

‗ Qlrwfgm~ b`f w`glinmdin Mdrnxdr`? @w fw~ q`rcl*

gkìn# wfgm FG^*Firdw~rpk~pr qli Urfqd~ì ln`r Afr*

jì wgmìkì zp cdwwì) W`fì Wf` o`nlgm qlrwfgm~fh?

N`r nprgm ndw Dc~`r n`r H`rî~` b`nfih~` zpwî~z*cfgm` Xdr~pihwdpxdin kñii~` x`wì~cfgm mñm`r

cf`hì dcw n`r Ip~zì n`r h`wgmìk~ì H`rî~`)

‗ B`~r`fbì Wf` k`fi` ^mfi*Gcfì~*Wvw~`j` di

Wgmpcì jf~ Jpc~fj`nfd*Dilrn`rpihì? ^`r*

jfidc W`rq`r ln`r ^mfi*Gcfì~*Cñwpihì wfin x`hì

n`r `mcìnì Kljud~fbfcf~î~ qf`c`r C`riurlhrdj*

j` ipr b`nfih~ ór Wgmpcì h``fhi`~) @fizfh xìi

ipr xìfh` W~dindrndixìnpihì xf` Lg` pin

X`b lmi` Jpc~fj`nfd*Dilrn`rpihì hìp~z~

x`rnì# kdii n`r @fiwd~z qli ^mfi*Gcfì~*Cñwpihì

fi B`~rdgm~ h`zlhì x`rnì)

1)7)2 C`mru`rwliì

W~`ccì Wf` nì C`mru`rwliì `fi jlbfc`w Drb`f~wh`rî~

zpr Q`róhpih? Xfcc nf` Wgmpc` nf` Ip~zpih qli FG^

wlxlmc b`f n`r Qlrb`r`f~pih dcw dpgm fj Pi~`rrfgm~

ñrn`ri# wl wlcc~ì nf` urfqd~ì Drb`f~wh`rî~` n`r C`mr*

u`rwliì fiw FG^*Klizù~ n`r Wgmpc` fi~`hrf`r~ pin

idgm Jñhcfgmk`f~ wpbqì~flif`r~ x`rnì)

1)7)7 Klihprd~fli

‗ B`wgmrîikì Wf` wfgm url Wgmpcw~dinlr~ dp

`fi B`~rf`bwwvw~`j? Nf` Xdmc n`w B`~rf`bwwvw~`jw

pin n`r udwwìnì Mdrnxdr` xfrn l~ zpj m`fww

pjw~rf~~ìì ^m`jd) W`fì Wf` ndrdp qlrb`r`f~`~)

‗ W~dindrnfwf`rì Wf` nì Fiw~dccd~fliwurlz`ww?

Pi~`rwgmf`ncfgm` Gljup~`r~vuì pin B`nórifww`

ómrì l~ zp j`mr`rì udrdcc`c `}fw~f`rìnì Kli*

hprd~fliì) I`mjì Wf` wfgm _`f~# `fiì Gcfì~*^vu

wdpb`r dpzpw`~zì# pin wu`fgm`ri Wf` nf`wì _p*

w~din dcw Fjdh`) Dbh`w~órz~` Gljup~`r cdwwì wfgm

dp nf`w` X`fw` rdwgm xf`n`r fi B`~rf`b i`mjì)

‗ W`~zì Wf` cfzìzklw~ìr`f` Wl~xdr` `fi?

Cfzìzq`rxdc~pih fw~ dpxìnfh) Drb`f~ì Wf` jf~

cfzìzklw~ìr`f`r Wl~xdr`)

‗ Uróì Wf` nì @fiwd~z u`rwñicfgm`r ulr~dbc`r

Nd~ì~rîh`r? Xl k`fi` u`rwñicfgmì Drb`f~wh`*

rî~` q`róhbdr wfin# wlcc~` n`r @fiwd~z u`rwñicfgm`r

ulr~dbc`r Nd~ì~rîh`r ór nf` Wu`fgm`rpih u`rwñi*cfgm`r Nd~ì hùró~ x`rnì)



>2

1)> Fi~`ri`~, Q`ri`~zpih


‗ Wgmcf`wwì Wf` Fmr` Wgmpc` diw Fi~`ri`~ di?

Wlxlmc ór nì Pi~`rrfgm~ dcw dpgm ór nf` Pi~`r*

rfgm~wqlrb`r`f~pih wlcc ndw Fi~`ri`~ fi dccì dcc*

h`j`fi zphîihcfgmì B`r`fgmì n`r Wgmpc` dcw

Filrjd~fliw* ln`r Kljjpifkd~fliwj`nfpj zpr

Q`róhpih w~`mì) Fw~ nf`w dpw idizf`ccì Hróinì

ifgm~ jñhcfgm# wl wfin j`mr`r` @~duuì n`r Q`ri`~*

zpih wfiiqlcc)

‗ B`~r`fbì Wf` url W~dinlr~ `fi pidbmîihfh`w

Pi~`rrfgm~wi`~z? Wgmpcmîpw`r bc`fbì pi~`r `fidi*

n`r piq`ri`~z~)

‗ ^r iiì Wf` Pi~`rrfgm~w* pin Q`rxdc~pihwi`~z?

N`r Q`rxdc~pihwb`r`fgm `fi`r Wgmpc` md~ ifgm~w

jf~ n`j Pi~`rrfgm~wb`r`fgm zp ~pi) Pj wfgm`r zp

w`fi# ndww di Fmr`r Wgmpc` x`n`r pi`rcdpb~` Nd~ì*

`fiwfgm~ ilgm Nd~ìjdifupcd~fliì qlrkljjì#

jówwì nf` b`fnì I`~z` h`~rìi~ w`fi)

‗ Ip~zì Wf` ór nf` Fi~`ri`~*Dibfinpih nì

klw~ìclwì Diwgmcpww ób`r Fmr kdi~lidc` Bfc*

npihwi`~z? Pi~`r n`j Idjì «Wgmpcì diw Fi~`r*i`~» bf`~`~ Wxfwwglj nì Kdi~liì `fi klw~ìclw`w

Bfcnpihwi`~z di) @w fw~ wfiiqlcc# nf`w`w Dih`bl~ zp

ip~zì)

‗ B`~r`fbì Wf` ndw Pi~`rrfgm~wi`~z dcw Apik*

i`~z? Jlbfcf~î~ pin mlm` Klw~ì b`f n`r Q`r*

i`~zpih wur`gmì ndór# ndw Pi~`rrfgm~wi`~z dcw

a`}fbc`w Apiki`~z -XCDI& zp b`~r`fbì)

1)0 W`rq`r


‗ Pi~`rwgm`fnì Wf` q`rwgmf`nì` W`rq`rnfìw~`?

J`fw~ xfrn wdcluu qlj «W`rq`r» h`wurlgmì) Ndjf~

bc`fb~ db`r pikcdr# x`cgm` Dphdbì fi `fi`j

Wgmpci`~z nf`w`r W`rq`r ób`rifjj~) @w `ju`mc~

wfgm# b`f n`r Ucdipih pin fi FG^*Klizù~ì nf` `fi*

z`ciì Nfìw~` dizph`bì# nf` `fi W`rq`r dibf`~ì

wlcc)

‗ W~`ccì Wf` k`fi` W`rq`r fiw Wgmpcmdpw? Nf`

Ip~zpih qli FG^ fi n`r Wgmpc` w`~z~ j`fw~ k`fi`

umvwfwgmì W`rq`r fj Wgmpcmdpw,*i`~z qlrdpw) Wgmpc*

fi~`ri` W`rq`r q`rprwdgmì Klw~ì wlxlmc b`f n`r

B`wgmdpih dcw dpgm fj B`~rf`b)

‗ B`dgm~ì Wf` nì B`~rf`bwdpxdin qli W`r*

q`ri? N`r B`~rf`bwdpxdin qli W`rq`ri ndr ifgm~

pi~`rwgmî~z~ x`rnì) O` idgm W`rq`rnfìw~ îcc~

ndb`f i`bì ~`gmifwgm`j dpgm qf`c ifgm~~`gmifwgm`r#

dnjfifw~rd~fq`r Dpxdin di)

‗ Cdwwì Wf` W`rq`r qli Urlw b`~r`pì? Ndw

Dnjfifw~rf`rì `fi`w W`rq`rw fw~ `fi` diwurpgmwqlcc`

Dphdb`# nf` ~`gmifwgm` Wu`zfdckìi~ifww` q`rcdih~)Nf`w` wlcc~` qli Urlw xdmrhìljjì x`rnì)

‗ Uróì Wf` Dc~`rid~fqì zp W`rq`rnfìw~ì?

Aór qf`c` W`rq`rnfìw~` `}fw~f`rì fj Wgmpcb`r`fgm

uróìwx`r~` w`rq`rclw` Dc~`rid~fqì)

Nfwkpwwfli XCDI?‗ XCDIªH`rî~` bìp~zì Apikr`tpìzì fj Jfkrlx`ccìª

b`r`fgm) Ndm`r xfrn XCDI dpgm fj _pwdjjìmdih jf~

jñhcfgmì h`wpinm`f~cfgmì Dpwxfrkpihì qli @c`k~rlwjlh

nfwkp~f`r~) Idgm n`j dk~p`ccì W~din n`r Xfwwìwgmd~

hfb~ w k`fi` Idgmx`fw`# ndww qli XCDI fi h`wpinm`f~cfgm w

Rfwfkl dpwh`m~)

B`hróinpih ór @ju`mcpih qli XCDI?‗ @fidgm`r` pin hóiw~fh`r` Fiw~dccd~fli

‗ Ac`}fbc`r Il~`bllk`fiwd~z

Jdwwidmjì zpr Jfifjf`rpih qli @c`k~rlwjlh?‗ XCDIªDgg`wwªUlfi~w ipr b`f B`ndr diwgmdc~ì)

‗ @w hfb~ q`rwgmf`nì` Klizù~` ór Apiki`~z`) Jdi kdii nf`

W~rdmcpih dp fiz`ci` Rîpj` pin R`hfliì b`wgmrîikì#

z)B) Bpgmwì zpj Diwgmcpww qli Dgg`wªUlfi~w fi o`n`w fiz`ci`

Kcdwwìzfjj`r zf`mì ln`r db`r dpgm fi nì Wgmpcmdpwhîihì

dpmîihì) Krf~`rfì b`f n`r Klizù~fli wfin ~xd Bdpwpbª

w~diz# bdpcfgm` Qlrhdbì pin Rdpjdrgmf~`k~pr)

Xfgm~fh`r Mfix`fw? Nf` Nfwkpwwfli url pin gli~rd XCDI jpww pib`nfih~ dp n`r @bì` J`nfìc`f~bfcn nfwkp~f`r~ x`rnì)Ndb`f jówwì I`~zdrgmf~`k~prì cdihrfw~fh# qlrwfgm~fh pin a`}fb`c hùcdi~ x`rnì) N`w x`f~`rì jpww XCDI fj Q`rhc fgm zp

din`rì gmilclhfì -z)B) Jlbfc~`c`lif & b`~rdgm~`~ x`rnì)




>7

1)1 U`rfum`rf`


Rfgm~ì Wf` `fiì U`rfum`rf`*Ullc `fi? @fi i`~zî*

mfh`r Cdw`rnrpgk`r pin `fi ulr~dbc`r B`dj`r h`mñrì

zpr Jfin`w~dpww~d~~pih `fi`w Wgmpcmdpw`w) Wgdii`r

pin Nfhf~dckdj`rdw rpinì ndw Dih`bl~ db)

1)8 Wpuulr~


‗ Lrhdifwf`rì Wf` nf` uîndhlhfwgm` pin ~`gmif*

wgm` Wvw~`jb`~r`ppih? N`r ~`gmifwgm` pin uî*

ndhlhfwgm` Wpuulr~ ór nf` FG^*Firdw~rpk~pr jpww

lrhdifwf`r~ pin dih`j`wwì ì~wgmînfh~ x`rnì)

Url Gljup~`r -N`wk~lu# Il~`bllk# Mdinm`cn& fw~

ór nì uîndhlhfwgmì pin ~`gmifwgmì Wpuulr~

jf~ 25 W~pinì Dpxdin url Odmr zp r`gmiì)

N`r W~pinìullc wlcc~` zp hc`fgmì ^`fcì nì

uîndhlhfwgmì pin nì ~`gmifwgmì Wpuulr~ b`*

fimdc~ì)

‗ Cdwwì Wf` ndw Wgmpci`~z qli Adgmu`rwliì

b`~r`pì? N`r Dpbdp pin B`~rf`b n`r Wgmpcmdpw*

firdw~rpk~pr `rlrn`r~ qf`c Wu`zfdc*Kilx*mlx) Aór

nf` j`fw~ì Wgmpcì clmi~ wfgm n`r B`fzph `}~`ri`r

Wu`zfdcfw~fiiì pin Wu`zfdcfw~ì)

‗ K`fi` ~`gmifwgmì Jdwwidmjì h`hì pi*

`rxóiwgm~`w Q`rmdc~ì n`r C`riìnì? Jf~

`fi`r Kljbfid~fli qli Jf~q`rdi~xlr~pih# Añrn`*

rpih n`r W`cbw~q`rdi~xlr~pih pin n`j Dpz`fhì

n`w Ip~zìw `fi`r pik~flif`rìnì FG^*Firdw~rpk*~pr kdii n`r jfwwbrîpgmcfgmì Ip~zpih dj b`w~ì

b`h`hi`~ x`rnì)

‗ Q`rj`fnì Wf` piiñ~fh` Cîrjtp`ccì fj

Wgmpczfjj`r? Adw~ dcc` jln`riì Drb`f~wh`rî~`

wfin jpc~fj`nfdîmfh pin kñiiì Jpwfk dbwuf`cì)

Ndi`bì w~`ccì Gljup~`r# I`~zkljuliì~ì pin

U`rfum`rf`h`rî~` dcc`fi nprgm fmrì B`~rf`b b`r`f~w

pi`rxóiwgm~` Cîrjtp`ccì ndr) Fj Wgmpcdcc~dh

w~ñrì b`fn` Dr~ì qli Cîrj) Dgm~ì Wf` n`wmdcb

b`r`f~w b`f n`r Ucdipih ndrdp# Cîrjtp`ccì fj

Wgmpczfjj`r zp q`rj`fnì)



>>

1)= Wfgm`rm`f~


‗ B`wgmî~fhì Wf` wfgm r`h`cjîwwfh jf~ n`r Wf*

gm`rm`f~ Fmr`r FG^*Firdw~rpk~pr? Nf` Q`róhbdr*

k`f~ n`r Firdw~rpk~pr kdii nprgm Qfrìb`dcc ln`r

A`mcb`nfìpih qli Bìp~z`rfiiì pin Bìp~z`r fi

Jf~c`fnìwgmd~ h`zlhì x`rnì) Rfgm~fh`w Kli*

hprf`rì n`r H`rî~`# r`h`cjîwwfh` Kli~rlccì pin

`fi` Wìwfbfcfwf`rpih n`r Bìp~z`rfiiì pin Bìp~*

z`r `rmñmì nf` Q`róhbdrk`f~ n`r Firdw~rpk~pr)

‗ Wgmó~zì Wf` Fmr` FG *Firdw~rpk~pr qlr Jdc*

xdr`? Nf` Q`róhbdrk`f~ n`r FG^*Firdw~rpk~pr kdii

nprgm Qfrìb`dcc wgmx`r fi Jf~c`fnìwgmd~ h`zl*

hì x`rnì) Cdwwì Wf` n`wmdcb k`fi` pih`wgmó~z*

~ì R`gmi`r diw I`~z)

‗ Wgmó~zì Wf` Fmr Apiki`~z? Apiki`~z` -XCDI&

wfin wfgm`rm`f~w~`gmifwgm m`fkc`r dcw nrdm~h`bpin`*

i` I`~z`) Ndm`r wfin h`xfww` Wfgm`rm`f~wjdwwidm*

jì il~xìnfh)

‗ Cdwwì Wf` nf` Ip~z`rfiiì pin Ip~z`r n`r

FG *Firdw~rpk~pr fi` Ip~zpihwlrnipih pi~`r*

wgmr`fbì? @fi` Ip~zpihwlrnipih ór FG^ wgmd~^rdiwudrìz# c`h~ R`gm~` pin Uafgm~ì `w~ pin

kdii ~`gmifwgm` Wgmp~zqlrk`mrpihì ób`raówwfh

jdgmì)

‗ Ób`rh`bì Wf` nì Ip~z`rfiiì pin Ip~z`ri

nf` Q`rdi~xlr~pih ór nf` Wfgm`rpih u`rwñi*

cfgm`r Nd~ì? Nf` H`dmr `fi`w Nd~ìq`rcpw~`w

fw~ b`f jlbfcì Drb`f~wh`rî~ì hrñww`r dcw b`f }

fiw~dccf`r~ì) _pwî~zcfgm zp ~`gmifwgmì N``k~ì

nrlm~ mf`r nf` H`dmr qli Nf`bw~dmc pin umvwfwgm`r

_`rw~ñrpih nprgm Adccìcdwwì# @finrfihì qli Aców*

wfhk`f~ì pwx)

1)6 Dpw* pin X`f~`rbfcnpih


‗ @rw~`ccì Wf` `fi Dpw* pin X`f~`rbfcnpihwkli*

zù~? FG^ xfrn fj Wgmpcdcc~dh ipr `fih`w`~z~# xìi

nf` C`mru`rwliì ì~wur`gmìn dpw* pin x`f~`r*

h`bfcn`~ x`rnì) Nf` B`wgmdpih ln`r @ri`p`rpih

qli FG^*Firdw~rpk~pr jpww n`wmdcb jf~ h``fhi`~ì

Jdwwidmjì zpr Dpw* pin X`f~`rbfcnpih dcc`r B`*

~rlìì kllrnfif`r~ x`rnì)




>0

1)45 Afidizì


‗ Xdw klw~`~ nf` FG^*Firdw~rpk~pr fi n`r Wgmpc`<

_pr Dbwgmî~zpih n`r Klw~ì bìñ~fhì Wf` `fi dpw*

wdh`krî~fh`w Jìhìh`rów~ pin `fi Klw~ìndgm

ór o`nì Bpnh`~ulw~ì) Jf~ Mfc` qli j`mr`rì

Qdrfdi~ì z`fhì Wf` n`r B`xfccfhpihwfiw~diz j`m*

r`r` Dpww~d~~pihwjñhcfgmk`f~ì wlxf` `fi` Bdin*

br`f~` n`r zp `rxdr~ìnì Klw~ì)

‗ Q`rwfgm`ri Wf` Fmr` jlbfcì H`rî~`? Jlbfc`

H`rî~` xf` Il~`bllkw pin ^dbc`~*UGw wfin nprgm

Nf`bw~dmc pin Wgmdnìîcc` h`îmrn`~) @fi` Q`rwf*

gm`rpih ~rîh~ zpr Bpnh`~f`rbdrk`f~ Fmr`r Rùdrd~pr*

pin @rwd~zb`wgmdpihwklw~ì b`f)

‗ Klw~ìr`gmi`r FG *Firdw~rpk~pr? Nf`w` fi~`rdk*

~fq` W`f~` `rjñhcfgm~ Fmiì `fi` Qlccklw~ìdbwgmî~*

zpih n`r hùcdi~ì FG^*Firdw~rpk~pr nprgmzpóm*

rì)

1)44 Kdi~liwwu`zfwgm` Wlccx`r~`

Fj Kdi~li Wlcl~mpri h`c~ì lchìn` Wlccx`r~` ór

B`wgmdpih pin B`~rf`b qli Filrjd~fkjf~~`ci di

Wgmpcì?

Kfin`rhdr~ì pin 4),2) Kcdww`

‗ C`mru`rwliì? @fi Il~`bllk url 455 W~`ccì*

urlzì~`) _pwî~zcfgm` Il~`bllkw ór C`mru`r*

wliì jf~ ^`fcuìwì kñiiì di~`fcjîwwfh zp

Fmrì Uìwì wpbqì~flif`r~ x`rnì)

‗

25 W~pinì Wpuulr~ url Gljup~`r pin Odmr)

Nf`w b`fimdc~`~ wlxlmc ~`gmifwgmì dcw dpgm

uîndhlhfwgmì Wpuulr~)

Db n`r 7) Kcdww`?

‗ Wgmóc`rfiiì pin Wgmóc`r?

Jfin`w~ìw 4 Il~`bllk url 0 C`riìn`)

‗ C`mru`rwliì? @fi Il~`bllk url 455 W~`ccì*

urlzì~`) _pwî~zcfgm` Il~`bllkw ór C`mru`r*

wliì jf~ ^`fcuìwì kñiiì di~`fcjîwwfh zp

Fmrì Uìwì wpbqì~flif`r~ x`rnì)‗ @fi -Apik*&I`~zx`rk jf~ Fi~`ri`~diwgmcpww)

‗ 25 W~pinì Wpuulr~ url Gljup~`r pin Odmr)

Nf`w b`fimdc~`~ wlxlmc ~`gmifwgmì dcw dpgm

uîndhlhfwgmì Wpuulr~)

Ndw FG^*Klju`~ìzzì~rpj LU bf`~`~ B`rd~pihì fi

B`zph dp B`wgmdpih pin B`~rf`b wlxf` dp uîndhl*

hfwgm*nfndk~fwgm` Ardhì di)



>1

DWGFF Dj`rfgdi W~dindrn Gln` lr Filrjd~fli

Fi~`rgmdih`; fj rx`f~`r~ì DGWFFªGln`

kñiiì jf~ nì _`fgmì 5 pin 4201 _`fgmì

ndrh`w~`cc~ x`rnì)

DFAA Dpnfl Fi~`rgmdih` Afc` Alrjd~; W~dindrnª

lrjd~ zpj Wu`fgm`ri qli Dpnflnd~ì b`f

Duuc`)

Dwvigmrli _`f~q`rw`~z~ , ifgm~ hc`fgmz`f~fh)

Bcìn`n c`drifih Pi~`rrfgm~wwzìdrfl# ndw Urîwìzumdwì jf~

nfw~dig` c`drifih kljbfif`r~)

Bclh @fi X`bclh -`fi Kpiw~xlr~ dpw «X`b» pin

«Clhbpgm»&# óbcfgm`rx`fw` fidgm ipr Bclh

hìdii~# fw~ fi` X`bw`f~`# nf` u`rflnfwgm

i`p` @fi~rîh` i~mîc~) I`p` @fi~rîh` w~`mì

di lb`rw~`r W~`cc`# îc~`r` lchì fi pjh`k`mr~

gmrlilclhfwgm`r R`fmìlch`)

Bcp`~ll~m W~dindrn zpr nrdm~clwì Nd~ìób`r~rdhpih

fj Rdnfpw qli 4 bfw 45 J`~`ri)

Bllkjdrk -@ihc)& C`w`z`fgmì# l~ dph`rpì` W`f~ì

kñiiì fj fhìì Brlxw`r c`fgm~ xf`n`r

h`cdnì x`rnì# lmi` ndww nf` Dnr`ww`

`fih`~fuu~ x`rnì jpww)

Gmd~ Kljjpifkd~fliwlrj# nf` wvigmrli`w

«Ucdpn`ri» u`r dw~d~pr pin Bfcnwgmfrj

`rjñhcfgm~)

Gljup~`r Fi nf`w`j Nlkpjì~ x`rnì dcw Gljup~`r

dcc` Duudrd~` b`z`fgmi`~# nf` Filrjd~fliì

jf~ Mfc` fi`r urlhrdjjf`rbdrì R`gmìª

qlrwgmrf~ q`rdrb`f~ì kñiiì) Ndjf~ h`c~ì

dpgm Mdinvw# Wjdr~umli`w# UND‖w# Wuf`ckliª

wlcì# JU7ªUcdv`r p)d) dcw Gljup~`r)

Gligù~ Jdu Gligù~ Jduw wfin X`rkz`ph` ór ndw Lrhdª

ifwf`rì pin ndw Ndrw~`ccì qli w~rpk~pr`cc`j

Xfwwì) Gligù~ Jduw wfin ifgm~ ndw hc`fgm`

xf` Jfin Jduw) Xîmrìn b`f Jfin Jduw

dpwh`mìn qli fi`j zì~rdcì B`hrf ln`r

Klizù~ mf`rdrgmfwgm` Îw~` idgm dpwwì ómª

rì pin nf` Îw~` k`fi` B`z`fgmipih b`wf~zì#

x`rnì b`f Gligù~ Jduw zx`f Klizù~`

fjj`r nprgm Xlr~` q`rkióu~)

Gcfì~ Gljup~`r# n`r nf` Nfìw~` `fi`w W`rq`rw fi

Diwurpgm ifjj~)

Nfw~dig` C`drifih @w b`w~`m~ fi` Nfw~diz zxfwgmì nì C`rªiìnì pin C`mrìnì# x`cgm` nprgm nì

@fiwd~z qli FG^ ób`rbrógk~ xfrn)

Nrfcc din Urdg~fg` Óbì pin Xf`n`rmlcì qli b`kdii~`j

Xfwwì# x`cgm`w b`f C`riìnì h``w~fh~

x`rnì wlcc)

@GNC @prlu`di Gljup~`r Nrfqfih Cfgìg` ‗ _`r~fª

kd~ ór hrpinc`hìn` FG^ªDixìnpihwkìi~ª

ifww`# xxx)`gnc)gm

`npgdi`~2 Wgmx`fz`r Bfcnpihww`rq`r jf~ fi~`rdk~fq`r

Drb`f~wª pin C`ripjh`bpih#

xxx)`npgdi`~2)gm)

@*C`drifih C`riì pi~`r @fib`zph qli `c`k~rlifwgm i

J`nfì)

ìdk~fq Xfwwìw`rx`rb dpw mdin`cin`j Prwurpih)

Afr`xfr` W~dindrn zpr nrdm~h`bpinìì Nd~ìób`rª

~rdhpih)

Alrpj Dwvigmrli`w Kljjpifkd~fliwx`rkz`ph

zpr Ucd~zf`rpih qli J`fipihì fi`r Nfwkpwª

wfliwhrpuu`)

HFA Hrdumfgw Fi~`rgmdih` Alrjd~; Wu`fgm`rw~diª

ndrn ór Hrdkì bfw 201 Adrbì)

Mdinm`cn ^rdhbdr`r ^dwgmìªGljup~`r)

Mdx~mlri`*@`k~ Xìi U`rwliì xfwwì# ndww wf`

^`fci`mjìn` `fi`r Pi~`rwpgmpih wfin# kdii

wfgm fmr Q`rmdc~ì îin`ri) @rw~jdcw b`lbdgmª

~`~ di nì Drb`f~wkrî~ì n`r Mdx~mlri`ª

X`rk`)

M^JC Mvu`r~`}~ Jdrkpu Cdihpdh`; Wurdgm` zpr

@rw~`ccpih qli Mvu`r~`}~w`f~ì

Mvu`rj`nfd -Xlr~ dpw Mvu`r~`}~ pin Jpc~fj`nfd&

Ifgm~cfi`dr` Ndrw~`ccpihwlrj qli Jpcª

~fj`nfd# n)m) Kliwpjf`r in` kñiiì w`cbw~

Dpwxdmc pin R`fmìlch` n`r Ndrbf`~pih

b`w~fjjì)

Mvu`r~`}~ Ifgm~cfi`dr` Ndrw~`ccpihwlrj qli ^`}~ jf~

fi~`riì Q`rx`fwì dp din`r` ^`}~~`fc`

-Mvu`rcfik& x`cgm` qli C`wìnì fi b`cf`bfh`r

R`fmìlch` b`wpgm~ x`rnì kñiiì

FG^ Filrjd~fli din Gljjpifgd~fliw ^`gmilclhv

-ìhc) ór Filrjd~fliwª pin Kljjpifkd~fliwª

~`gmilclhf`&) Fi nf`w`j Nlkpjì~ xfrn

ndrpi~`r ^`gmilclhf` q`rw~dinì# nf` `c`k~rlª

ifwgm` Nd~ì pin Filrjd~fliì judihì#

q`rdrb`f~ì# ób`rjf~~`ci pin diz`fhì kdii)I`bì ~rdnf~fli`ccì Gljup~`ri -N`wk~luw#

Hclwwdr




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Il~`bllkw& pjdww~ n`r B`hrf FG^ wljf~

dpgm Urîwì~d~fliwª pin Qfwpdcfwf`rpihwª

j`nfì -Wjdr~bldrnw# Qfwpdcfz`rw pin B`dª

j`r& pin Kljjpifkd~fliwj`nfì -Jlbfc~`ª

c`li# Fi~`ri`~& pin dcc` zpkói~fh kliq`rª

hf`rìnì H`rî~`~vuì)

Fklifwgm Xfwwìw`rx`rb dpw diwgmdpcfgm`r# h`hìª

w~îincfgm`r @rdmrpih

OU@H Olfi~ Uml~lhrdumfg @}u`r~w Hrlpu; Wu`fgm`rª

w~dindrn ór nfhf~dc` Al~lw)Fiw~di~*J`wwdhfih @fi Nfìw~# ób`r x`cgmì zx`f ln`r j`mr`r`

U`rwliì wvigmrli jf~`fidin`r nprgm

^`}~`fihdb` kljjpifzf`rì kñiiì

- Gmd~&) Dp nf`w`j X`h cdwwì wfgm dpgm

Nd~`fì dpw~dpwgmì ln`r ^`c`liª pin Qfn`lª

kli`rìzì dbmdc~ì)

KHP Kfin`rhdr~ì pin Pi~`rw~p` n`r Urfjdrwgmpª

c` -ª2)‗2) Kcdww`&# dpgm Bdwfww~p` hìdii~)

C`drifih li n`jdin _pr Q`róhpih w~`mìn` C`rifimdc~`# x`cgm`

b`f B`ndr dbrpbdr wfin)

Cfikcfw~` ^m`jd~fwgm` Cfw~` jf~ dpwh`xîmc~ì Cfikw)

Jdcxdr` Wl~xdr` jf~ wgmîncfgmì Dpwxfrkpihì dp

Nd~ì ln`r Urlhrdjj`)

JFNF Jpwfgdc Fiw~rpjì~ Nfhf~dc Fi~`rdg`; fi

Url~lklcc zpj ób`rjf~~`ci# dpz`fgmiì pin

xf`n`rh`bì qli jpwfkdcfwgm i W~`p`rfilrª

jd~fliì)

Jfkrlx`c~ì Nf` Wl~xdr` w~`cc~ n`j Bìp~zìnì

X`rkz`ph`,Lbo k~`,@nf~lrpik~fli i zpr

Q`róhpih# jf~ n`rì Mfc` `r wfgm w`cbw~ fi`

qfr~p`cc` Pjh`bpih -Jfkrlx`c~& wgmdì

kdii)

JU7 Wu`fgm`rlrjd~ qli Dpnflnd~ì jf~ q`rcpw~ª

b`md~`~`r Kljur`wwfli)

Jpc~fj`nfd Q`rbpin i` Ndrw~`ccpih q`rwgmf`nì`r J`ª

nfì~vuì -^`}~# Bfcn# ^li# Qfn`l&)

JWU Jf~~`cw~p` n`r Urfjdrwgmpc` -7)‗1) Kcdww`&)

I`~ftp`~~` Dcch`j`fi dkzù~f`r~` R`h`ci ór klrr`k~`w

Q`rmdc~ì fj Fi~`ri`~)

I`xwhrlpu Nfwkpwwfliwlr i fj Fi~`ri`~ jf~ Ip~z`ri n`w

hc`fgmì Fi~`r`wwìh bf`~`w)

UNA Ulr~dbc` Nlgpjì~ Alrjd~; W~dindrnlrjd~

zpr Ndrw~`ccpih q`rwgmf`nìw~`r Nlkpjì~`)

U`rfum`rf`h`rî~` @}~`ri` @fiª pin Dpwhdb`h`rî~`# x`cgm`

di fiì Gljup~`r dih`wgmclwwì x`rnì

kñiiì)

Ucdhfd~ H`fw~fh`r Nf`bw~dmc) Nf` xfn`rr`gm~cfgm` pin

dcw `fhì` Wgmñupih dpwh`h`bì` Q`rxìª

npih r`jnì h`fw~fhì @fhì~pjw)

R`h`cw~dindrn W~dindrn# n`r qli fi`r J`mrm`f~ n`r C`rª

iìnì zp rr`fgmì fw~)

W`rq`r @fi R`gmi`r fj I`~z# x`cgm`r din`rì

Gljup~`ri - Gcfì~& w`fi` Nfìw~` dibf`~`~)

Wfjpcd~fliwwl~xdr` Ndrw~`ccpih kljuc`}`r Wdgmq`rmdc~` pin

Dbcîp` nprgm q`r`fidgm~`# r`dcf~î~widm`

-fi~`rdk~fq`& Jln`cc`, Wf~pd~fliì)

Wvjblcfwgm Xfwwìw`rx`rb dpw B`hrfì pin Wvjblcì)

Wvigmrli _`f~hc`fgm)

^`dgmfih ~l ~m` ~`w~ Pi~`rrfgm~# n`r nf` C`riìnì zf`ch`rfgm~`~

dp fi` Urópih qlrb`r`f~ì wlcc)

^dbc`~*UG Gljup~`r jf~ îmicfgm`r Alrj xf` `fi ^dbc`~~#

dp x`cgm`j @fihdbì ób`r ndw Nfwucdv jf~

`fi`j W~f~ ln`r u`r Mdin h`~î~fh~ x`rnì

kñiiì)

^mfi*Gcfì~ @inh`rî~ fi`w W`rq`rwvw~`jw# x`cgm`w w`fi`

h`wdj~ì Nfìw~` ób`r nì W`rq`r b`zf`m~)

^p~lrfdcw @fi nfndk~fwgm dpb`r`f~`~`r C`rifimdc~# b`f

n`j «i`p`w» Xfwwì wgmrf~~x`fw` pin wvw~`ª

jd~fwgm q`rjf~~`c~# wlxf` q~c) fih`ób~ pin

hùró~ xfrn) Nf` Wl~xdr` ób`rifjj~ nf`

Rlcc` n`r C`mru`rwli -^p~lr&)

PWB Pifq`rwdc W`rfdc Bpw# W~dindrn zpr nrdm~h`ª

bpinìì Nd~ìób`r~rdhpih)

PWB*W~fgk Kc`fi`w pin mdincfgm`w Wu`fgm`rj`nfpj)

XDQ W~dindrnlrjd~ zpj Wu`fgm`ri qli Dpnflª

nd~ì qli Jfgrlwl~)

X`btp`w~ Gljup~`rh`w~ó~z~`w C`mrª pin C`ridrrdiª

h`jì~# n`wwì Dphdbì jf~ Mfc` n`w

Fi~`ri`~w h`cñw~ x`rnì)

Xfkf Wdjjcpih qli X`bw`f~ì# nf` qli nì

Ip~zìnì ifgm~ ipr h`c`wì# wlin`ri dpgm

licfi` h`îin`r~ x`rnì kñiiì)

]JC @}~ìwfbc` Jdrkpu Cdihpdh`; fi` Wurdgm`

zpr Ndrw~`ccpih mf`rdrgmfwgm w~rpk~prf`r~`r

Nd~ì fi Alrj qli ^`}~nd~`fì)



>=

@npgdhpfn`w

[`npgdhpfn` Nfndk~fk 2558Z # Xdc~`r Wgm`pbc`# M`fiz Jlw`r#

Nljfifk U`~kl? `npgdhpfn` Nfndk~fk# 2558#

xxx)nfndk~fk)`npgdhpfn`w)gm

[`npgdhpfn` @~mfk 2551Z# Nljfifk U`~kl? `npgdhpfn` @~mfk# 2551#

xxx)`~mfk)`npgdhpfn`w)gm

[`npgdhpfn` Fiardw~rpk~pr 2551Z # B`d~ Nñb`cf Mli`hh`r#

Qfigì~ wgm`r~`r? npgdhpfn` Firdw~rpk~pr# 2551#

xxx)firdw~rpk~pr)`npgdhpfn`w)gm

Licfi` q`róhbdr` Upbcfkd~fliì

[Bpgm`r `~ dc) 2550Z # U`~`r Bpgm`r# Mdiwp`cf Wgmfcc`r# Jdr~fi Xfr~mìª

wlmi? @rlchr`fgm pi~`rrfgm~ì jf~ J`nfì pin FG # Mdinª

r`fgmpih ór nf` Qlckwwgmpc`# Bfcnpihwnfr`k~fli n`w Kdi~liw _órfgm

2550# xxx)wgmpcfilrjd~fk)gm,nlxicldnw,

Pi~`rrfgm~ì\jf~\J`nfì\FG^)un

[Nñb`cf Mli`hh`r# Idà 255>Z # B`d~ Nñb`cf Mli`hh`r# Jvk` Id`?

Filrjd~fliw* pin Kljjpifkd~fliw~`gmilclhfì -FG^&

fi n`r Urfjdrwgmpc`# @fi` Ucdipihwmfc` ór nf` B`wgmdpihpin nì B`~rf`b qli FG^ di Urfjdrwgmpcì i~xfgk`c~ fj Dp~rdh

n`w Kdi~liw Bdw`cªCdinwgmd~#

xxx)wxfww`npg)gm,filrjd~fk,b`rfgm~`,urfjdrwgmpc`# 255>

[Hrùu`r# Nñb`cf 2554Z # Vqdi Hrùu`r# B`d~ Nñb`cf? @ju`mcpihì

zp B`wgmdpih pin B`~rf`b qli Filrjd~fkjf~~`ci di dcch`*

j`fibfcnìnì Wgmpcì# 7) ób`rdrb`f~`~` Dpadh`# @^M _órfgm#

xxx)wxfww`npg)gm,filrjd~fk,b`rfgm~`,xdr~pih

[KFJ*W~pnf` 2551Z # J`nfìuîndhlhfwgm`r Alrwgmpihwq`rbpin Wónx`w~?

Kfj*W~pnf` 2551# Kfin`r + J`nfì# Gljup~`r + Fi~`ri`~# 2558#

xxx)juw)n`,c`dnjfi,KFJªun51,KFJ2551)un

[U`~kl `~ dc) 2558Z # Nljfifk U`~kl# Mdr~jp~ Jf~zcd# Ndif`cd Kiów`c?FG^ fi Urfjdrwgmpcì# @}u`r~fw` pin Alrwgmpihwób`rwfgm~# W~pnf`

fj Dp~rdh n`w CGM# 2558)

xxx)wgmxvz)umz)gm,w`f~ i,nlkpjì~`,FJW\2558\FG^\fi\

Urfjdrwgmpcì\@}u`r~fw`)un

[Urìkwv 2554Z # Jdrg Urìkwv? Nfhf~dc Id~fq`w# Nfhf~dc Fjjfhrdi~w)

Fi Li ~m` Mlrfzli -IGB Pifq`rwf~v Ur`ww# Qlc) 6 Il) 0# Lg~lb`r

2554& xxx)jdrgurìwkv)glj,xrf~fih,Urìwkv%25ª%25Nfhf~dc

%25Id~fq`w#%25Nfhf~dc%25Fjjfhrdi~w%25ª%25Udr~4)un

[C`mrucdi 4662Z# C`mrucdi n`r Qlckwwgmpc` n`w Kdi~liw Wlcl~mpri#

4662) xxx)wl)gm,nùdr~`jì~`,bfcnpihªpinªkpc~pr,qlckwwgmpc`ª

pinªkfin`rhdr~ì,filrjd~fliì)m~jc

Bógm`r

[Bfww`hh`r 2554Z # Kd~mdrfid Bfww`hh`r# Gljup~`r fj Kfin`rhdr~ì#

Q`rcdh KhGM# Mñcw~`fi 2554#

m~~u?,,b`d~)nl`b`)cf,bfbcfl~m`k,b52268)m~jc

[Mdr~jdii `~ dc) 2551Z # X`ri`r Mdr~jdii# Jvk` Id` pin Rdfjlin

R`fgm`r~? Filrjd~fkpi~`rrfgm~ ucdiì pin nprgmómrì#

Wurfih`r Q`rcdh 2551# m~~u?,,b`d~)nl`b`)cf,bfbcfl~m`k,b52155)m~jc

[K`rr`w 2554Z # Jfgmd`c K`rr`w? Jpc~fj`nfdc` pin ~`c`j`nfdc`

C`ripjh`bpihì# Lcnìblprh Q`rcdh -2554&#m~~u?,,b`d~)nl`b`)cf,bfbcfl~m`k,b5424=)m~jc

[Jdfwgm 2551Z # Olwùm Jdfwgm? Xfwwìwjdidh`jì~ dj Hvjid*

wfpj# Qw Q`rcdh 2551# m~~u?,,b`d~)nl`b`)cf,bfbcfl~m`k,b5206>)m~jc

[Jlw`r 2550Z # M`fiz Jlw`r? X`h` dpw n`r ^`gmifkdcc`# 2) rx`f~`r~`

Dpadh`# 2550# m~~u?,,b`d~)nl`b`)cf,bfbcfl~m`k,b52754)m~jc

[Udu`r~ 4667Z # W`vjlpr Udu`r~? R`qlcp~fliì n`w C`riìw# Kfin`r#

Gljup~`r# Wgmpc` fi `fi`r nfhf~dcì X`c~# M`fw` Q`rcdh 4667#

m~~u?,,b`d~)nl`b`)cf,bfbcfl~m`k,b55221)m~jc

[Wmi`fn`rjdi 2552Z # Bì Wmi`fn`rjdi? C`lidrnl‖w Cdu~lu?

Mpjdiw I``nw din ~m` I`x Gljup~fih ^`gmilclhf`w#

Jdwwdgmpw`~~w Fiw~f~p~` l ^`gmilclhv# -2552&#

m~~u?,,b`d~)nl`b`)cf,bfbcfl~m`k,b5421=)m~jc

[Wgmpcj`fw~`r 4661Z # Rlc Wgmpcj`fw~`r? Hrpincdhì mvu`rj`nfdc`r

C`riwvw~`j`? ^m`lrf` ‗ Nfndk~fk ‗ N`wfhi# Lcnìblprh Q`rcdh

4661# m~~u?,,b`d~)nl`b`)cf,bfbcfl~m`k,b55220)m~jc

[Xñgk`c 2552Z # W~ùmdi Xñgk`c? Fi~`ri`~ fi n`r Hrpinwgmpc`#

J`nfìuîndhlhfwgm` pin ‗ nfndk~fwgm` Hrpincdhì#

Kc`~~ Q`rcdh 2552# m~~u?,,b`d~)nl`b`)cf,bfbcfl~m`k,b54611)m~jc

X`f~`r` Cf~`rd~prdihdbì

[Bpgm`r `~ dc) 255>Z # U`~`r Bpgm`r# Jdr~fi Xfr~mìwlmi# M`fiz Jlw`r#

Prw Fihlcn# Xdc~`r Wgm`pbc`? @}u`r~ìb`rfgm~ FG^*W~dindrn*

ì~xfgkcpih# 255>#

[Brócmdr~ `~ dc) 2550Z # W~ùmdi Brócmdr~# B`d~ Nñb`cf Mli`hh`r#

W~dic`v Wgmxdb? Bfcnpih brdpgm~ FG^# D5ªUlw~`r pin X`bwf~`#

Uîndhlhfwgm` Mlgmwgmpc` AMIX 2550) xxx)fg~ªkljudww)gm

Tp`ccì pin Cf~`rd~pr



M`rdpwh`b`r

Dj~ aór Qlckwwgmpc` pin Kfin`rhdr~ì

W~) Prbdihdww` 87

>056 Wlcl~mpri

^`càli 572 128 26 78

xxx)dqk)wl)gm

@rw~`cc~ qlj FG^*Klju`~ìzzì~rpj ^LU

fj Dpa~rdh n`w Nùdr~`jì~w aór Bfcnpih pin Kpc~pr -NBK&

pin n`w Dj~w aór Kfin`rhdr~ì pin Qlckwwgmpc` -DQK&

n`w Kdi~liw Wlcl~mpri

xxx)fg~~lu)gm

xxx)amix)gm

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