The Ground-Based Millimeter Wave Radiometer MIRA2 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der...

The Ground-Based Millimeter Wave Radiometer MIRA2

The Ground-Based Millimeter Wave Radiometer MIRA2

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft


• instrument description

• campaigns, validation

• the Mérida Atmospheric Research Station (MARS)

• instrument description

• campaigns, validation

• the Mérida Atmospheric Research Station (MARS)

Gerhard Kopp, Jochen Groß, Gerd Hochschild, and Rüdiger Lehm

Institute of Meteorology and Climate ResearchForschungszentrum und Universität Karlsruhe, Germany

http://www.fzk.de/imk/asf/mira

Description of MIRA2Description of MIRA2System CharacteristicsIF: 2,1 GHz +/- 500 MHzReceiver Noise Temperature (SSB): 750 KMixer: Whisker contacted Shottky Diode MixerPhysical Mixer Temperature: 30 K

Quasioptics Beam Waist Radius (w0): 10 mmApertures: 2·w0

Diplexer: Fabry-PérotSingle Sideband Filter: Martin Pupplett

Acousto Optical Spectrometer (AOS) Number of Channels: 2048Bandwidth: 1 GHzFrequency Resolution: 1.2 MHz




Former CampaignsFormer Campaigns• February – April 1996: Kiruna (67.84°N, 20.41°E, 425 m ASL, Sweden)

• March/April 1997: Ny-Ålesund (78.9°N, 11.9°E, 9 m ASL, Swalbard)

• January – April 1998: Kiruna (Sweden)

• February – March 1999: Kiruna (Sweden)

• Nov. 1999 - March 2000: Kiruna (Sweden, THESEO 2000)

• Dec. 2000 - March 2001: Kiruna (Sweden)

• February - July 2003: Zugspitze (47.4°N, 11°E, 2650 m ASL, Germany)




Comparison of Ozone Profiles as Measured by MIRA2 at Kiruna in Winter 2000 with Sonde Measurements

Comparison of Ozone Profiles as Measured by MIRA2 at Kiruna in Winter 2000 with Sonde Measurements

20

25

30

35

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40(MIRA - Sonde) / Sonde [%]

He

igh

t [k

m]

• Nine coincident measurements between 22 January and 17 March 2000

• Sonde profiles smoothed to MIRA resolution



IRFInstitutet för rymdfysik

Swedish Institute of Space Physics

Sonde profiles courtesy of Ola Widell, SSC Esrange, Kiruna

Ozone of 10 March 2003 over the Zugspitzeas measured by SCIAMACHY and MIRA

Ozone of 10 March 2003 over the Zugspitzeas measured by SCIAMACHY and MIRA



10

20

30

40

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

MIRA

SCIA (unsmoothed)

SCIA (smoothed)

vmr [ppmv]

alti

tud

e [

km]

SCIAMACHY profiles courtesy of Ch. v. Savigny, IUP, University of Bremen

Comparison of ClO Column abundances as measured by FTIR and MIRA2 at Kiruna in 2000

Comparison of ClO Column abundances as measured by FTIR and MIRA2 at Kiruna in 2000

IRFInstitutet för rymdfysik

Swedish Institute of Space PhysicsForschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft


FTIR columns courtesy of Th. Blumenstock, IMK, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe

20 30 40 50 60 70 80

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

MIRA2

FTIR

ClO

co

lum

ns

[101

5 p

artic

les

/ cm

2]

day of year 2000

Mérida Atmospheric Research Station (MARS) Mérida Atmospheric Research Station (MARS)



8°N, 71°W, 4765 m asl


Situation in April 2001Situation in April 2001




Situation 28/03/2004Situation 28/03/2004






Station facilities provided by the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe

Station facilities provided by the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe

• New mains power connection

• Mains at 220 V• WLAN connection• UPS• Improved insulation

and heating• Webcam




Northern front of the MARS buildingNorthern front of the MARS building



The Webcam on Pico EspejoThe Webcam on Pico Espejo




• Ultrasonic Wind Obs.• Speed and direction• Precipitation• Air temperature• Air pressure• Global Positioning

System for precipitable water vapor columns

Meteorological stationMeteorological station




MIRA2 in the MARS buildingMIRA2 in the MARS building




Tropospheric Transmission between 31 March and 28 May 2004 over Pico Espejo

Tropospheric Transmission between 31 March and 28 May 2004 over Pico Espejo


90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150

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70

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90

100

tro

po

sph

eri

c tr

an

smis

sio

n [

%]

day of year 2004



Tropospheric Transmission on17 April 2004 over Pico EspejoTropospheric Transmission on17 April 2004 over Pico Espejo

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 190

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20

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40

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60

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80

90

100

trop

osph

eric

tran

smis

sion

[%]

time [h]




Ozone Measurement of 28 May 2004 at MARSOzone Measurement of 28 May 2004 at MARS


0

20

40

60

80

100

measurement

fit

Inte

nsity

[K

]

272.4 272.6 272.8 273.0 273.2 273.4 273.6 273.8-2

-1

0

1

2

residuals

Frequency [GHz]



Ozone Measurement of 28 May 2004 at MARSOzone Measurement of 28 May 2004 at MARS


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-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

a priori

retrieval

vmr [ppmv]

alti

tud

e [

km]



The Water vapor Radiometer for Atmospheric Measurements (WaRAM, 22GHz, IUP, University of Bremen) in the MARS building

The Water vapor Radiometer for Atmospheric Measurements (WaRAM, 22GHz, IUP, University of Bremen) in the MARS building

http://www.ram.uni-bremen.de/



The DOAS instrument of the IUP, University of Bremen, on Pico Espejo

The DOAS instrument of the IUP, University of Bremen, on Pico Espejo

http://www.doas-bremen.de/



Status of MARSStatus of MARS

• MIRA, WaRAM, DOAS, GPS, and meteorological station are installed

• Some minor problems concerning power supply and network connection

• First results of MIRA look very promising

• MIRA, WaRAM, DOAS, GPS, and meteorological station are installed

• Some minor problems concerning power supply and network connection

• First results of MIRA look very promising

The Ground-Based Millimeter Wave Radiometer MIRA2 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der...

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