Wolfang Mueller

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Ingenieurgemeinschaft

Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen

The Role of MBT in Europe

Wolfgang Mller



Ingenieurgesellschaft Witzenhausen Fricke & Turk GmbH,

Bischhuser Aue 12

D-37213 Witzenhausen Germany;

Tel.: +49-5542-9308-13

[email protected]


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Why pretreat waste before landfilling ?

landfill gas production global warming

Adverse environmental effects

leachate groundwater pollution

EU Landfill Directive (99/31/EC) targetsEU Landfill Directive (99/31/EC) targets

Country heaviliy reliant on

landfill will be able to claim

derogations to delay

meeting targets by 4 years,

e.g. UK

Requirement

Target percentage

reduction in landfilling

of biodegradable waste

EU Landfill Directive (99/31/EC) targetsEU Landfill Directive (99/31/EC) targets

Country heaviliy reliant on

landfill will be able to claim

derogations to delay

meeting targets by 4 years,

e.g. UK

Requirement

Target percentage

reduction in landfilling

of biodegradable waste

MBT in Europe

e

cyc ng ecovery

ferrous and non-ferrous metals

RDF (from high calorific fraction)

renewable energy (from biodegradables, by AD)

other recyclables: paper, plastics, glass, inerts

compost/soil conditioner

by 2005 by 2010 by 2015

Recycling or composting rateof household waste

25% 30% 33%

Recovery rate of municipal waste 40% 45% 67%

By 2010By 200675% of the 1995 levels







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Waste compositition

sugar

starch easilyporteins

lipids

cellulose

lesshemi-

cellulose

lignin/ noLOIofBMW

anaerobic

degradability

LOI

h

umic substancescarbonates

water

plastics no

inorganic

substances/

ash


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MBT-tunnel windrow composting (Frohnleiten)


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MBT-tunnel and roofed open windrow composting(Frohnleiten)

Nachrotte Linz


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Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausenMBT with AD; Hannover (D)

capacity:

MBT including anaerobic digestion:

200.000 to/a

Main elements:Front-end: shredding, screening, ballisticseparationdry digestion,followed by table windrow composting withgantry turning system

Performance data AD

Retention time AD: 21 days

Retention time maturation: 6 weeks

Gas production: 150 m/tADinput

Output to landfill: 70.0000 t/a

RDF flow: 100.000 t/a

Exhaust air flow: 3.500 m/tinput


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Mass reduction

MBT in Europe

fresh matter balance

69.5

93.4

80

100

120

[Mg/batch] fines < 80 mm (batch 20)

entire waste (batch 18)

55.5

58.5 56.7

74.4

0

20

40

60

0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84

composting period [days]

tota

lfreshmatte

r


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50

60

70oDM-bio-degradation (% )

stationary panel pile

4 weeks ressure ventilation

Degradation of organic matter depending on the type composting technologies

MBT in Europe

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

composting time (weeks)

0

10

20

30

40

then stationary panel pile

18 weeks intensive composting

< 80 mm, 9 weeks boxcomposting, then stationarypanel pile

8 weeks pressure ventilationthen stationary panel pile


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1

23

4

8

9

10

11

12

13

1: Lysimeter (refined steel) length 100 cm,

diameter 40 cm, volume 125 l

Landfill-Simulation-Reactor (LSR)

MBT in Europe

5

6

7

14

15

Waste5: Perforated refined steel plate with filter

screen

6: Pump

9: tube for percolate water recirculation

13: Gascollection bag


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Gas formation in landfill simmulation reactor

300

/kgdryma

tter]

20

40

60

80

0

20

40

60

0 100 200 300

untreated MSWpretreated MSW 1

pretreated MSW 2

Time [d]

MBT in Europe

0

100

Cumula

tive

GasPr o

duction[N

l

0 100 200 300 400 500 600Time [d]

0 100 200 300Time [d]

reduction of gas formation


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Graphik AT4 Osterholz

Paramters to assess biological stability

MBT in Europe

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

KW1 KW3 KW4 KW5 6

7 8 10 11 13

RI (AT4) [mg O2/g DM]

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

weeks


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Correlation between the

potential of landfill gas

formation and SRI/AT4

MBT in Europe

150

200

250

150

200

250

gas(l/

kgDM)

0 10 20 30 40 50

0

50

100

10 20 30 40 50

0

50

100

Respiration activity BOD4 (mg / g DM)

potentiallandf

ill

TUHH

TUD

BUGW

BOKU

Institutes

Respiration acitivity SRI/AT4 (mg O2/g DM


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Correlation between various tests (Adani); amended

PDRI SRI/AT4 SOURSAPRO-

MATDOC

DOChydro-philic

DOChydro-phobic

BM100

PDRI 1 0.64

SRI/AT4 0.78 1 0.74

SOUR 0.70 0.55 1

SAPROMAT 0.65 0.72 0.57 1

DOC 0.36 0.31 0.60 0.53 1

DOC hydrophilic 0.46 0.05 0.69 0.42 0.91 1

DOC hydrophobic 0.14 0.30 0.14 0.52 0.72 n.s. 1

Correlations between BM100 and AT4 and PDRi are derived from samples

from 15 operational MBTs throughout Europe (including Italy), covering allmajor types of technology for composting and some AD processes


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Stability parameters used in Europe

EU

Static respiration index AT4Dynamic respiration index PDRI

< 10 mg O2/g dm


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60

70

80

90

100

BMW diversion

(% of input to biological treatment)

Process testing with respect to BMW/LATS diversion according

to the UK guidance on MBT

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

treatment time (weeks)

table windrow composting-1



aerated windrow composting-1

aerated windrow composting-2

Anaerobic digestion - dry system 1

Anaerobic digestion - dry system 2


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Stabilized organic matter from MBT in landfill

Long-term carbon storage

reduced global warming

MBT in Europe

High water holding capacity

Very little degradation in landfill

methane can be oxidized at the landfill surface cap (landfill

oxidation layer)

High pH buffer capacity and capacity to fix pollutants in the waste

like heavy metals

release of pollutants will be reduced/happen to a lower rate


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water

CO

MBT in Europe

high calorificmaterial

inorganicmaterial

CH4

organicmatter

water

inorganicmaterial

stablilisedorganics

Mechanical and

Biological Treatment


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Main MBT approaches

MBT in Europe

Biological stabilisation stabilised waste for landfilling (or land spreading)

Bio-drying (Ecodeco, Herhof) production of RDF

Anaerobic digestion renewable energy from biogas

Sophisticated mechanical separation separation of recyclables

Physical treatment:Autoclaving production of fibre;

physical drying (instead of biological drying)


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Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausenMain MBT approaches

Biological stabilisationincluding AD and composting

mechanical

processing

AD

RDF (5 - 50%)

Recycables (3 - 25%)(metals, plastics, etc.)

50 - 95%

70 - 120 m Biogas/t

Input

100%

maturation

stabilised waste

25 - 60%

post refinementRDF, recycables

compost like output (5 - 15%)

rejects to landfill

approx. 20%


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Main MBT approaches

Biological stabilisation stabilised waste for landfillingor land spreading

mechanical

processing

composting

RDF (5 - 50%)

Recycables (3 - 25%)(metals, plastics, etc.)

50 - 95%

Input

100%

Water

Carbon dioxid20 - 30%

stabilised waste

25 - 60%

post refinementRDF, recycables

compost like output (5 - 15%)

rejects to landfill

approx. 20%


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MBT Crbern (Leipzig)

Project: MBT Crbern

Client: WEV GmbH

Project dates: Mechanical and Biological Treatment Plant: 300.000 Mg/atunnel composting + windrow composting

Investment costs: ca. 68 Mio.

current stage: Operational since june 2005


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Integrated Waste treatment centre Hannover

MBT in Europe


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MBT capacity in Italy (Favoino, 2006)

MBT in Europe


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MBT plants in Germany

MBT in Europe

48 plants

Capacity: 5.5 Mio tpa

www.asa.de


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MBT plants in Germany

MBT in Europe

48 plants

Capacity: 5.3 Mio tpa

3.8

24.3

0.9

household waste

commercial waste

71.1

bulky wastesewage sludge

(Hu: 9.750 MJ/Mg)


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Energy balance from MBT plants in Germany

electricity gas (RTO) diesel heat electricity heat electricity heat

yield from Biogas

kWhper Mg waste input

consumption yield from RDF

oder undandoderoderor

MBT without AD 30 - 50 30 - 90 5 - 20 - - -

MBT with AD 30 - 70 20 - 90 5 - 20 10 - 30 30 - 150 25 - 170

Bio-Drying 50 - 110 40 - 110 2 - 10 - 300 - 550 1,200-2,000 - -

200 - 500 800 -1.800


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Respiration acitivity

< 5 mg/g DM

(German/Austrian

limits)

Respiration acitivity

< 10 mg/g DM

(EC limit ??

UK approach

MBT in Europe

> 4 weeks

AD +

composting

2-3 weeks AD

4 10 weeks

composting

2-3 weeks AD

2 5 weeks

composting

flexible ??

2-3 weeks AD

> 1 week composting


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Thank you for your attention

MBT in Europe

[email protected]


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Main MBT approaches

Anaerobic digestion renewable energy from biogas

shredding

Input100%

WaterC arbon dioxid(appro x. 1 - 3 weeks)

composting

re jec ts to land fill

approx. 20%

mechanicalprocessing

RD F (40 - 50% )

metals (2 - 4% )

Recycables ?

20 - 30%

70 - 80%


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Reduction of environmental impact of landfillsby about 65 % (according to landfill directive)

Threshold values to meet

EU-landfill directive

Respiration activity AT4 (within 4 days) < 10 mg/g DM

MBT in Europe

Proposed in 2nd draft of EU Biowaste directive:AT4 < 10 mg/g DMPDRI < 1,000 mg O2/(g VS * h)

Proposed:- Italy (regionally)- France- Spain

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