Wurden die Ziele des Bologna-Prozesses

erreicht? Mobilität

Dr. Siegbert Wuttig, DAAD

Bonn, 11. November 2008

211/2008

Themen meines Vortrags

I. Europäische und nationale Ziele zur Studierendenmobilität in Europa

II. Befunde zur Studierendenmobilität

III. Bologna – eine Mobilitätsbremse?

311/2008

National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation

Current EU and national political objectives Current EU and national political objectives

National Policies

EU Policies

Bologna Process

LLP/ERASMUS *Increasing mobility: 3 million goal, i.e. 282,000 p.a. in 2012 *More joint programmes *Improving recognition

High Level Expert Forum

Student mobility: * 450,000 p.a. in 2012

* 900,000 p.a. in 2015 *1,400,000 p.a. in 2020

London Communiqué *Increasing mobility +by removing obstacles +by increasing the number of joint programmes +by the creation of flexible curricula +by improving recognition

*Promoting attractiveness and competitiveness of the EHEA

National objectives

DE: Increasing mobility rate for outgoing students: 50% (20% study abroad)

DE: Increasing mobility rate for incoming students: 10%

33

411/2008

Europe of ERASMUS

The Europe of ERASMUS includes 31 countries. The Europe of Bologna includes 46 signatory countries.

Europe of Bologna

Different Concepts of Europe

511/2008

EU‘s internationalisation policies and programmes

Inner-European Policies and Programmes

Third- Country Policies and Programmes

ER

AS

MU

S

TE

MP

US

Mu

nd

us

Atla

ntis

Supporting Bologna and Lisbon, institutional university cooperation, quantity and quality of mobility

Partnership,

quality

Excellence,

attractiveness

H.E

. reform,

Bologna

611/2008

Outgoing student mobility world-wide: 2.4 million in 2006

Statistical Source: Campusfrance 9/2008 - UNESCO

Afrique: 284.000

Europe: 684.000

P&M Orient: 114.000

Asie: 1.079.000

Amériques: 241.000

Fast 80% der mobilen europäischen Studierenden gehen nach Europa

711/2008

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

49.000

52.000

53.400

58.700

65.600

66.500

77.300

83.000

Deutsche Studierende im Ausland 1999 – 2006

Quelle: Statistisches Bundesamt

811/2008

Incoming student mobility world-wide: 5 top host countries

Statistical Source: Campusfrance 9/2008 - UNESCO

2. UK: 330.000

3. France: 266.000

4. Germany: 260.000

1. USA: 585.000

5. Australia: 243.000

36% of all mobile students go to the UK, FR and DE

24% to the US

10% to Australia

911/2008

253.628

203.428

169.496

154.421

123.597115.432111.092

159.324

227.745

135.586

144.037

282.358

179.421

50.000

100.000

150.000

200.000

250.000

300.000

Total by 2012/13: 3.000.004

Erasmus Student Mobility 2000/1 - 2012/13:

Past and Future

Source: European Commission and DAAD

1987/88 – 2006/7: 1.7 m 2007/8 - 2012/13: 1.3 m

1011/2008

National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation

Student mobility in ERASMUS: Quantitative trends

Annual increase

2003/4: 9.2%

2004/5: 6.3%

2005/6: 5.2%

2006/7: 3.4%

Target: 11%

Countries with increase: 2006/7

0-2%: DE, DK, LI, NL, SE, UK

2-5%: BE, FR, IT, RO

5-10%: AT, BG, CZ, LT

>10%: EE, HU, LU, LV, PL, PT, SL, SK, TR

Countries with decrease: 2006/7

0,1–5%: CY, ES, FI, GR, IE, IS

> 5%: MT, NO

Increase/Decrease

10 DAAD: November 2008

1111/2008

National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation

Reasons for the decreasing

growth rate in ERASMUS

student mobility (NA answers)

Decline in student population

Introduction of tuition fees

Growing numbers of BA/MA programmes

Good job market

National grant schemes

Non-EU destinations

Lack of funding

Complex administration

11DAAD: November 2008

1211/2008

National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation

How to increase and improve student mobility?

Developing integrated study

programmes (with joint degrees)

and short-stay mobility moves

Improving financial support for students

Implementing flexible curricula

(with windows of mobility)

Improving recognition

Better preparation of students

Mobilising university teachers

Information and

Marketing

Not only at MA level

12DAAD: November 2008

1311/2008

National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation

ERASMUS Student Mobility 1987/88 – 2006/7

13DAAD: November 2008

2006/7: 24,000 German ERASMUS Students

2006/7: 24,000 German ERASMUS Students

1987/88: 660 German ERASMUS Students

1987/88: 660 German ERASMUS Students

1987/88: 3,250 European ERASMUS Students

1987/88: 3,250 European ERASMUS Students

2006/7: 159,000 European ERASMUS Students

2006/7: 159,000 European ERASMUS Students

1411/2008

4.856 = 20,3 %

18.488 = 77,4 %

404 = 1,7 %136 = 0,6 %

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

Universitäten Fachhochschulen Kunst und Musik Sonstige

Erasmus Student Mobility 2006/2007 Deutsche Studierende nach Hochschultyp

Source: DAAD, Statistisches Bundesamt

(FH-Studierende in DE: 27,4 %)

(Uni-Studierende in DE: 68,4 %)

1511/2008

National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation

International student mobility in German BA/MA programmes: facts and figures

ERASMUS statistics

2006/7

HIS/DAAD survey

2007

HIS/HRK survey

2007

Mobility rate DE

Magister Uni: 34% State exams Uni: 23% Diplom Uni: 24% Diplom FH: 21% BA Uni: 15% BA FH: 9% (Master U/FH: 30%)

Mobility rate DE

Traditional degrees: 24%

BA: 12%

(MA: 34%)

BA/MA in ERASMUS DE

Traditional degrees: 84%

BA: 13%

(BA Total DE: 16.7%)

MA: 3%

(MA Total DE: 2.8%)

Lower mobility rate in BA programmes?Low BA/MA participation

in ERASMUS DE15

DAAD: November 2008

1611/2008

National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation

Key features of student mobility

in DE BA/MA programmes

DAAD 2008

When study abroad? in BA: 5th semester in MA: 3rd semester

Types of mobility? study period: 74% placement: 26%

Compulsory study abroad periods in BA: 10% in MA: 15 %

Duration of study abroad periods: 4-6 months in BA: 50% c.m/75% o.m in MA: 60% c.m/65% o.m

Trend to shorter periods

More compulsory mobility in MA

16c.m = compulsory mobility, o.m = optional mobility

1711/2008

Student mobility in BA/MA programmes: more vertical mobility?

DAAD 2008

Expectation of more vertical mobility (BA at home, MA abroad): DE 30%

Expectations

Bürger et al. 2006:

On average 30% expect more vertical mobility

CH: 58%, NL: 50% DE: 44%, UK: 36% IT: 30%

17DAAD: November 2008

National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation

1811/2008

National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation

Student mobility in BA/MA programmes: Expectations for the future

Bürger et al.

2006

Programme directors 11European Countries:

10% expect a decrease in BA

outgoing mobility

8% expect a decrease in MA outgoing mobility

ERASMUS NAs

2008

National Agencies ERASMUS:

Almost all expect at least a slight increase in outgoing student mobility mainly due to the new ERASMUS placement action

DAAD

2008

Programme directors DE:

18% expect a decrease in BA outgoing mobility (Europe)

11% expect a decrease in MA outgoing mobility (Europe)

18DAAD: November 2008

1911/2008

Bologna – eine Mobilitätsbremse?

• Datenlage unsicher

• Momentaner Abschwung des Zuwachses in der Studierendenmobilität nicht allein auf Bologna zurückzuführen

• Viele Probleme in der Studierendenmobilität sind nicht durch Bologna verursacht, sondern werden nur verstärkt

• Mögliche neue Trends durch Bologna: kürzere Aufenthalte und mehr vertikale Mobilität

• Bologna führt nicht automatisch zu mehr Mobilität: wachsende Bedeutung der organisierten Mobilität (z.B. curriculare Verankerung)

• Bologna öffnet die Chance zu einer besseren Qualität der Mobilität.

DAAD: November 2008

National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation