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UR NISM
reiburg
M BRE SG U
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THE DEMY
OF UR NISM
LEARN ING FROM FREIBURG 2
THE FREIBURGSTORY 4
THE ROUTE TO A SUSTAINABLE CITY 6
K EY O B JECTIVES 7
QUO VADIS C IV ITAS? 9
THE 12GU ID IN G PR INCIPLES 1 33
CONTENT
I an McMi llan
Poet in Residence
T he A ca de my o f U rb an is m
H ave a look a t F re ib urg in m any d iffe ren t w ays;
H igh up in a cab le ca r shifting s li gh tly in
th e
a ir
W alk Ing th rough the o ld tow n w ith a hungry tou ris t s g a ze
W ander ing th ro ugh a ga ll ery . w ith tim e to s tand and sta re
O r s It ting in a f e w ith a g la ss o f lo ca l w in e.
F ro m every d iffe re n t a n gle F reiburg is a c ity
Tha t takes the tim e
to
spark le , ta kes the tim e to sh ine
In a w ay tha t s som ehow m ore pro fo un d th an p re tty .
T h er e s n o th ing w rong w ith p retty bu t tha t s no t th e w ho le sto ry
O r
p lace as m u lti la yered , mu l tifa ce ted as th is
W ith h is to ry . c u ltu re , a rch itec tu re and a dash o f sce n ic g lo ry
s e xpe n si ve as a group hug or i nt im a te a s a k iss:
So m uch is h idden from your gaze ; it s a m ystery . it s a n iceb erg
W ith h idden dep th s and str ik in g bea uty fro m a ll a ng le s: F reib urg
FREI URG
THE FREI URG CH RTER FOR
SUST IN LE UR NISM
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The
L ea m ln g f ro m F re ib ur g S e m in ar h eld in t he
C It }
I n O c to be r
2
w a s a u nIq ue o pp or ru nlt}
fo r A ca de mic ia ns a n d th eir c o lle ag u es to e ng a ge w ith a p la ce th at h a s d o ne
so
m u c h
to
p io n e e r
s us ta in ab le u rb an d ev elo pm e nt Q u ota tio ns s up po rtm g
t 2
P r in C Ip le s a r e f ro m s e m in a r p a rt ic ip a nt s.
R e n o w n e d fo r d eca d es as o n e o f E u ro p e s g re en e st
c ities Fre ib u rg h as a n im p o rta n t sto ry to tell ab o u t
p o st-w ar reco n str u c ti o n ch all e n g in g c o n v e n tio n s
in n o v a tin g n e w d ir ectio n s in tran sp o rt an d e n erg y
a n d m a in tain in g its m o m en tu m to b e c o m e an
e x tre m e ly liv e ab le e n v iro n m e n t th a t co m b in es
tr a d it io n a n d m o d e rn ity .
F re ib u rg w as aw ard ed th e title o f E uro p ean C ity o f
th e Y ea r 2 0 1 0 at T he A cad e m y o f U rb an ism s A w a r d s
C e rem o n y in L o nd o n in N o v e m be r 2 0 0 9 . T his
p restig io us a ward w as v ote d b y th e A ca dem ic ia ns
fo llo w in g a s ho rt-li st in g p ro c es s d e ta il ed s tu d y v is it
a n d a d o c u me nte d a sse ssm en t rep ort.
I n celeb ra tio n o f th is re co gn itio n th e C ity o f F re ib urg
h o sted a stu d y to u r a n d d isc o u rse w ith th e A ca d em y
p ro d u c in g a C h a rter th a t ad vo ca tes g oo d p ra c tic e in
s us tain a b le u rb a n ism . T h is IS th e p ro d uct.
LE RNING FROM FREI URG
D r. D ie ter S a l o m o n
L o rd M ay o r
T h e C i t y o f F re ib u rg
In 1992 , Freiburg wa s chosen a s
Germanys E nv iro nm en ta l C ap ita l.
A s a G r e e n City F r ei bu r g h a s b e c o m e
a m od el fo r cities an d com m un ities
a cro ss th e g lo be. In 20 I 0 , T he A cadem y
o f U rb an ism a w ard ed u s th e title
o f
Eu ro pea n C ity
of
th e Y ea r. These
reco gn itio ns h on ou r u s, b ut a lso m o tiv ate
u s to d eve lop new idea s and work
h arder to b ecom e m o r e susta inable.
FREI URG
TH E U R BA N IS M A WAR DS
TH E EU R O PE AN C ITY O FTH EYE AR 2 1
THE DEMY
OF UR NISM
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Emma ariaga
Head of Strategic Projects
Land Securities
Kevin Murray
hairman
The cademy of Urbanism
T he C ha rter represen ts a critic al
s te p in id e nt ify in g tr an sfe ra b le
principles o f h ig h -q u a li ty u r ba n
plann ing . S e e n th ro ug h a E uro pe an
le ns, th is h elp s to b rin g t h e se
prin cip les m uch closer to m an y m o r e
peo ple a nd pla ces. W e a r e d e li gh te d
to b e su pp ortin g th e in itia tiv e.
John Thompson
Honorary President
The cademy of Urbanism
Fre iburg is a m ag nific en t e xa mp le
o f a L ea rn in g C ity . R es pe ctin g its p as t,
looking to its fu tu re , n ur tu rin g lo ca l
e nte rp ris e, c re atin g n ew c omm u nitie s
an d liv in g in h arm on y w ith the p lanet
- an a ll to o r ar e e xam p le o f visionary
le ad er sh ip a nd c o-o rd in ate d u rb an
p o lic ie s s uc ce ss fu lly d el iv er ed o n
th e
ground . If y ou h av en t b ee n th er e,
go , and take the C harter as you r
c ompa t u o n .
T h e F re ib u rg C ha rte r d o es n o t p u rp o rt to b e
a d efi n itiv e a pp ro ac h fo r a ll cu ltu res, c li m ate s
o r u rb an plan n in g re g im es. N o r d o es it see k to
c ata lo g u e ev e ry le sso n lea rn ed in F reib u rg o v e r
th e last 2 0 -3 0 y ear s . R ath e r it se e k s to d raw
o u t a n d ill u m in a te so m e o f th e b ig g e r iss u e s
a n d th em e s ex p erie n c ed b y th e c it y , an d to
p re sen t th e se as a set o f p rin cip le s th at o th e r
c iti e s, t o w n s , n e i g hb o u rh o o d s an d p rac titio n ers
c an c o n sid er.
T h e F reib urg C ha rte r c on sis ts o f a seri es o f
h i g h -l ev e l p ri n ci p le s, d i st il le d f ro m e x p e rie n ce ,
fo r re fle ctio n an d a d a p tatio n to su it d ifferen t
c irc um sta nce s. T he se are c ertain ly n ot in ten d ed
a s fix e d co m m an d m en ts to b e c o p ie d slav ish ly
b y u n cr iti c al r ec i pi e nt s.
W e c o m m e n d th is C h a rte r a s a to o l fo r
p ro gre ssi ve d ia lo gu e, a nd w i ll u se I t t o
h elp ra ise a sp ira tio ns an d im p r ove p ra ctice
a m o n g o u r g ro w in g n e tw ork s o f p la ces a n d
p ra ctitio n e rs .
T h e A c a d em y s th an k s are d u e to all th o se
w h o h a v e c o n tri bute d to a n d su p p p o rted th is
in itia tiv e, b u t in p artic u la r to P ro fes s or W u lf
D a sek in g , F reib u rg s H ead o f U rb an P lan n in g fo r
th e la st 2 0 y ea rs, fo r h is v isio n a n d lea d e rsh ip ;
to A n d re as v o n Z a d o w o f J T P C iti e s B e rl in )
fo r h e lp in g to n av ig ate th e p ro jec t fr o m its
in ce p tio n th ro u g h to p u b lic atio n ; a n d to L an d
S e c u ri ti es , o u r s po ns or. fo r th eir su p p o rt a n d
en co ur ag em e n t th ro u gh ou t.
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At the beginning of th e 1980s Freiburg began
to explore new ways of develop ing inner areas
of th e city . Tram lines were extended and the
quality of resid ential areas improved through
the archit ectural re-design of str eets and
sq uares. Follow in g t he C hern ob yl catastrophe
in 1986, Freiburg made the sav ing o f natural
reso urc es the m ost Im portant elem ent of all
future p la nn in g. G r eenfie ld d ev elopments were
hmited to an a bso lu te m in im um a nd there w as
dea r p rio ritisatio n o f p ub lic tra nsp ort o ve r
in ivr u l
traffic.
In the 1960s, a crucial decision was made to
reta in and expand the tr am network, m aking
th is the backbone for new urb an developm ent
in Freiburg. In addit ion , the concep t of five
fi ngers w a s c re ated in order to clearly separa te
green open spaces fro m b uilding zones.
Freiburg expanded during the 1970s w ith new
sett lem ents being built to accomm odate th e
g row ing popu lation. T he oil crash of 1973
bro ught w ith it the realisation that urban
p lan nin g n eed ed to b e m ore e nv iro nm en ta lly
fr iendly. In addition , the G reen m ovem ent in
th e Fre ib urg re gio n g ain ed imp etus after plans
to build a nuclear pow er p lant close to the city
w ere defeated by peaceful pro tests from the
local re sidents.
A s over 80 of the histo ric city centr e was
destroyed dunng W orld W ar II,the fou ndatio n
f or F re ib erg s dev elo pment was e st ab li shed
d uring the p ost-w ar y ears. In contrast to
m any other G erm an cities, the m ajority of
the elem ents that m ade up the historic city
c en tre w ere re co nstru cte d In F reib urg . T his
a dh ere nc e to a p re vio usly e stab lished urban
layout pro vid ed a framewo rk for diff ere nt
archite ctu ra l s ty les and a variety of uses. By
support in g the centuries-old European build ing
tradit ion, Freiburg has grown to be a colo urful,
v ib ra nt city full of architectura l diversity .
These elem ents - the tram and the d ivisi on
of land into green areas and buildin g areas -
st ill guide the city s development today and
contr ibute to the hig h quality of Freiburg s
urban fabric . The decision to develop the city
along th e axis of th e publi c t ransport network
also date s back to the 1960s.
U rb an design and planning has always been
of special importance to Freiburg . Industry
never played a very significant part in the city s
grow th , due to its geog raphical location in th e
so uth w est of G erm any. A s a resu lt, it w as
arc hitecture that became a valuable econom ic
driver during the 20th c en tu ry .
TH FR I URG STORY
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T h e c u rre n t la n d -u s e p la n fo r th e c ity o f
F re ib urg c on ce ntra te s d ev elo pm e n t w ith in th e
e x is ti n g c ity fra m ew o rk . W it h a fe w e x c e p ti o n s ,
th is m ea n s th a t th e c ity w ill b e d e v e lo p e d
furthe r o n ly w ith in it s p re se n t b o u n d a rie s . In
th is w a y th e e x is tin g In fra s tr u c ture is o p tim is e d
a n d th e a d d iti o n a l c o s ts u s u a lly in v o lv e d w ith
n e w d e v e lo p m e n ts a re a v o i d e d .
T he C ity o f th e F utu re IS a d e c e n tra lis e d c ity , a
c ity o f e d u c a tio n a n d c u ltu re , w ith a b a la n c e d
S O C i a lm ix . T he s afe gu ard in g o f J o bs IS a v ita l
c o m po n e n t. a s w ell a s th e c re a tio n o f n e w a n d
in n ov a tiv e b u sin e ss e s a n d f ac ilit ie s . E c o lo g ic a l
u rb an re ne wa l IS an oth e r k e y fa cto r. Q ualitie s
s u c h a s p ersiste n c e, c o-o pe ra tio n , p a rtic ip a tio n ,
p a rt n e rs h ip a n d re lia b il ity u n d e rp in th e
s u c c es s fu l fu tu re o f a c ity . F re ib u rg h a s b e e n
fo llo w in g th e s e p n n c ip le s fo r d e c a d e s a n d th e y
h a v e le d to th e e x c elle nc e o f u r b a n q u a lity w e
e n jo y to da y.
P ro f. W u lf D a s e k in g
H e a d o f U rb a n P la n n in g
T h e C ity o f F re ib u rg
A lt h o u g h th e fo c u s is p rin c ip a ll y o n
d e v e lo p m e n t w ith in th e c ity , it is im p o rt a n t to
re c o g n is e th a t F re ib u r g s p o p u lation fi g u re s a re
still c lim b in g a nd th a t th e n u m b e r o f jo b s e .g . in
u n iv e rs it ie s a n d h ig h -r an k in g s c ie n tifi c fa c ilitie s )
IS a ls o c o ns ta n tly I nc re a sin g .
F r e ib u rg is w e ll p re p a re d fo r th e fu tu re . T h e
c ity w ill c o n ti n u e to b e a m o d e l fo r s u s ta in a b le
u rb a n d e s ig n a n d p la nnin g d u e to it s c l e a r
u n d e r s ta n d in g o f th e im p o rta n c e o f c o n tin u ity ,
l o c a tio n a n d q u a lity - in b u ildin g s a s w e ll a s
in th e d e s ig n o f p u blic s pa ce . A rc h ite c tu ra l
d e s ig n c o m p e titio n s w ill c o n t in u e to b e
a n in d is p e n s a ble a id in s ec urin g th e c ity s
s u stainable , fu tu re -o rie nta te d d ev elo pm e n t.
T h e c ity s e n v ir o n m e n ta l p o li c y c o n ta in e d g o a ls
fo r s a v in g w a te r a s w e ll a s fo r re d u c in g th e
e n e rg y c o n s u m p ti o n o f b u il d in g s . In a dd itio n ,
n e w id e a s w e re b ro u g h t fo rw a rd w h ic h le d to
a re a s b e in g c re a te d th ro u g h th e p ro v is io n o f
s e lf-fu n d in g m ec h a n is m s a n d servic e d p lo ts , to
b e d e v e lo p e d b y in d iv i d u als , c o -o p e ra ti v e s a n d
in v e s to rs , s u p p o rte d b y a n e n a b lin g m as te rp la n
a nd d ev elo pm e nt g uid elin es . T h e n e w d is tric ts
o f R ie se lfe ld a nd V au b an w ere d ev elo p e d
fo llo win g th es e p rin cip le s. N ow , b o th p ro je c ts
a re re c o g n is e d w orld w id e a s e x a m ple s o f b e s t
p r a c t i c e .
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In 19th centu ry Europe it w as the Indust ria l
Revolution that made the greatest ch ange to
the typical city structure. The move from a
mostly agrarian society to an indust rial one
had a dram atic impact on the pattern of
governance, as w ell as on the way people lived
and worked. In the 20th century the shape
of the city w as further transformed by th e
inventio n - and late r the invasion - of the motor
car. Some argue that the dig ital revolutio n
is bringing about a third wave of change,
albeit one that m ay in fact aid the recovery of
traditional values and functio ns in the city .
To date, cities have grown organically as the
physical m anifestation of a multi-structured
so ciety. In the future , they may need some
kind o f archite ctu ral guiding principle to
help those in charge deal respons ib ly w ith
lim ited reso urces and an enviro nm en t th at is
univ ersa lly under press ure.
L im it s to G rowth, the 1972 report prepare d by
the C lub of Rome, is a com pellin g account of
the finite nature of the world s natu ral reserves .
The report called for the careful management
of su ch resources. Ever since the oil crash of
1973 and the explosion of th e nuclear power
plant at Chernobyl in 1986, it has b ec ome
apparent to most people that w e can no t
continue as usual . Countries, regions, cities and
communities have to face this re al it y and work
towards finding a solution.
REGION
SOCIAL
./COHESION C
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CONOMY ECOLOGY
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PA~T1C1I l I O
THE M GIC TRI NGLE
OF U RB AN DEVE LOPMENT
Cities tend to resist easy defi nit io n. Some
fo llow a clear development patte rn, others
grow through se em ingly random events. They
are the product of a com binatio n of culture,
politics, business e xp ertis e, financial investment
and cit izen action. As populations increase,
cit ie s c ontinue to be created.
In the past. citie s w ere plac es that provided
protectio n, encouraged trade, created
employment a nd fo stered cultu re. The
exch ange of goods went hand-in-hand w ith
interpersonal exchange: c it ie s were a p lace
fo r meeting other people - fo r business or
fo r pleasure. Todays cities al-e composed
of complex system s w ith inte rconnected
netw orks and a breathtak ing diversi ty of
spaces and places. C it ies are never static. T hey
are constantly changing, sometim es slow ly,
sometim es fas t, depending on social press ures
and innovations in technology.
THE ROUTE TO SUST IN BLE CITY
M E D I U S I ZED
rO
E T T L E M E N T
I L L AG E
NSIONS
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W e believe that urban planning should playa
pioneering role in ad dressing these challenges.
Economics ecology education culture and
the fundamental st ruct ure of s oc ie ty are
a l l elem ents that nee d to be reexam ined
carefully.The early participatio n of the citizen
and the integration of regio na l n etw orks are
essential to ensure that the city of the future is
in the fo refro nt of positive sustainab le change.
The conservation of identity the
The assurance of social harmony
strengthening of neighbourhood and
and the advancement of social and
the encouragement of cultural diversity
functional interaction.
and distinctiveness.
The safeguading
of
existing jobs and
The expansion of the publictransport
the creation of new and innovative
system and its interconnection with
ones.
existing and new developrnents.
The advancement of a culture of
The wise use of resources the
discourse.
minimisation of additional landtake
The creation of long term partnerships
and the encouragement of moderate
between the community and the public
degrees of urban density.
and private sectors.
The safeguarding and interconnection
The participation in lifelonglearning
of green spaces and networks working
processes seeing urban life in its
towards quality standards and the
wider context.
conservation of public spaces.
The Freiburg Charter strives to achieve the following objectives which should be at the
forefront of every responsible urban development project
KEY O JE TIVES
L D E C E N T R L IS E D U R B N D E V E L O P M E N T
M E T R O P O L lS
M E G C IT Y
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THE DEMY
OF URBANISM
PROCESS
IX LONG-TERM VISION
X COMMUNICATION PARTICIPATION
XI RELIABILITY OBLIGATION FAIRNESS
XII CO-OPERATION PARTNERSHIP
CONTENT
V
EDUCATION SCIENCE CULTURE
VI
INDUSTRY JOBS
VII
NATURE ENVIRONMENT
VIII
DES IGN QUALIT Y
SPATIAL
I D IVERSITY SAFETY AND TOLERANCE
II
C ITY O F NEIGHBOURHOODS
III
CITY OF SHORT DISTANCES
IV
PUBL IC TRANSPORT
DENSITY
THE GUIDING PRINCIPLES
QUO V DIS CIVIT S
T he future m odel for new sett lem ents should be th e C om pact C ity Th is is a c ity
concep t consis ting of independently fu nction ing units In w hich th e as pe cts of ev eryd ay
life c an be la id out and accessed w ithin w alk ing distance by all m em bers of society The
C ity of the Future is a city of s oc ia l a n d functiona l in tegration cu l tura l d ivers ity accessible
education resource conserv atio n a nd regional dia logue When outw ard grow th is
unavoid able or im perative for econom ic or cultura l re asons th at grow th should fo llow
th e principle o f th e C om pact C ity The fo llow ing 12 princip les are in tended to provide
th e point of departure for the C om pa ct C ity and as such serv e as the fo undation for th e
Susta inable Ci ty T he y s ho uld be applie d to all n ew d evelopm ent
THE FREIBURG CHARTER FOR
SUST IN BLE URB NISM
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F re ib urg s h Is to ric c ity . e x te ns iv ely d es tr oy ed d ur in g W o rld W a r
a nd c are fu lly re bu Ilt In fIn e g ra in a r erw a rd s, bec m e a n im p o rt an t
c o m m e r C I a l m gnet fo r th e region w t th ou sa nd s o f p e o p le using
th e car-free s po ce s to se e e n Jo y .s h op , liv e a n d w o rk .
The sa fest p la ces a re usua lly those which
ttr t
a broad va rie ty and age-range
people tha t mix w orking w a lking a nd
re laxing and a re ac tive throughout the day
and la te into the evening im on gden
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THE DEMY
OF URBANISM
I I
Encoura gem ent of a balanced a ge a nd so cia l
profi le w ith in fu nction ing neighbourhoods
w ith the prov ision of app ro pria te w orkplaces
for a ll sectors of the population and the
encouragem ent of in no va tiv e re side ntia l m od els .
The p ro vis io n o f fa cilitie s in p ub lic a nd p riv ate
infrastructure for a ll generations w ith the
p ro visio n o f w ell ma na ge d p la ce s b ala nce d w ith
fre e s pa ces.
The provis ion of a fu ll range of facilities
especia lly for very young and very old citizens.
The in te gration of a ll s trands of society
ir respective of eth nicity gender or age.
SP T I L PRIN IPLES
DIVERSITY SAFETY TOLERANCE
Being s tuden t c it y F re ibu rg has
a lwa y s b e en
a y ou ng
c it y a n d p ro fit ed
from a w ide m ix
people
THE FREIBURG CHARTER FOR
SUSTAINABLE URBANISM
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L o c a l m ark e ts a re o pe n fo r
b u s I n e s s
in
th e n ew ly d ev elo pe d
n e i g h b o u r h o o d s
s
w e l l
s n
t he h is to n e c e nt re . F r el bu rg s
s p ed l c s u pe rm a r ke p o lt cy
h e l p e d
s tr en g th e n th e e xis tin g
lo ca l c en tre s b y r es tric ttn g th e
d e v e l o p m e n t
of
s h op p In g c e nt re s
on
t he f rin g e
of
h e c ity .
T h e p ro te c ti o n o f a c ity s identity is a
p re c o n d itio n fo r su stain able u r b a n p la n n in g
a n d d e v e lo p m e n t.
D e c e n tra lise d g ove rn a nc e w ith a d e fin e d
d e g re e o f e m po w e rm en t a n d p e rs o n a l
responsibi l i ty is in dis pe ns ab le fo r c itie s a nd
s h o u ld b e a c tive ly e n co ura g e d .
D e c e ntra lise d g o v e r n a n ce is o f p a rt icula r
imp o r t a n ce in : r es id e ntia l liv in g a n d w ork in g
so ci al in frastructu re e d uc atio n a n d cu lture
r e cre a tio n a n d m a n a g e m en t o f g re e n sp a ce s
a n d n e tw o rk s.
SP TI L PRINIPLES
ITY OF NEIGH OURHOODS
G rea t n eigh bo urho od s em erg e wh en in div id ua ls h ave
a sen se prid e a nd th e ir n e ig hbou r s have a collective
respons ib i li ty f or the qua lity th e p laces w here they live
w ork and v isit.
K e v in M c G e o u g h
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R I S L F L s
o n e
o
s ev era l n e wly d e ve lo p ed n e ig h bo urh oo ds o n
brownfie ld la n d w h e re th e C ity o F r ei bu rg h a s r ev e al ed ts forward-thinking
p o lic ie s o v e r th e la st th re e d e ca d es . S c h o o ls , c h u rc h e s , s p o rt s f a ci li ti e s,
s ho ps , re cre atio n a re as a nd p ub lic tra ns po rt h ub s g iv e s ha pe th e n ew
h e a r t
o
Riese/ eld s c o m m u n i ty ;
demonstrat ion
o
t h e p r in c ip l es
o
T h e
F r e ib u r g C h a r te r .
THE FREI URG CH RTER FOR
SUST IN LE UR NISM
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ll
u se rs o f p ub lic s pa ce
mu st r es pe ct th e a ctiV Itie s
others
T he Ge na l
VIew
of
th e c omp le te d
R I S LF L
d ev elo pme nt c le ar ly illu str at es th at o ne a sp ec t
th e m a ste rp la n d eS ig n w a s
to
shorten
th e
distances
t ra ve lle d i n da ll y
{ e
W ith m ore than 4.200
a pa rtm en ts p ro vid in g a cc om m od atio n o r 1 2 0 00
peop le . t hi s 70 -hectare
new s et tl emen t
is
th e
largest
n eig hb ou rh oo d p ro je ct In th e F ed era l S ta te o f 8 ad en
Wiirttemberg.
pu lic tr nsport
The
reduction
o f v eh ic le s o n
t he s tr ee ts
r ef le cts th e
w ill a nd le ad ers hip o f c ity
p olitic s. w hic h in tu rn h as re su lte d In
g re at v ar ie ry o f
l iveable
publ ic s paces
everywhere
In th e ary
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Existing facil ities should be enhanced and new
ones in troduced in such a way that they are in
accordance w ith the idea of the Compact C ity
ccessibility to all infrastructure networks
on foot m in im ises car traffic and leads to an
improvement in environmental quality
The development of public transport and
pedestrian and bicycle netw orks should be given
priori ty over the use of private motor vehicles
SP TI L PRINIPLES
CITY OF SHORT DIST NCES
It s
so
p lea sa nt a nd c onv enie nt
to
wa lk, c y cle
and
o
by tra in in Fre iburg tha t it makes a
motor ca r
s m
a s redundant as out-or- town
shopp ing centres in this c ity . Hugh Murray
THE FREI URG CH RTER FOR
SUST IN LE UR NISM
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Freiburg and it s re gio n h as a n exrrem ely
tig ht g nd a nd a n in te gra te d ta riff system
w hich h as b ee n b uilt to ge th er o ver time
to mp ro ve th e a pp ea l a nd ease of public
t ransport connecti ons
Freiburg show s how the car can be tamed
thr oug h q ua lity p ub lic tr ans po rt s afe r
c yc ling a nd ne ig hb our ho od s w he re
y
can
hear the b irds s ing . r N icholas Fa lk
THE FREI URG CH RTER FOR
SUST IN LE UR NISM
7
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h S ola r F oa ory h as b ee n e se ob lls he d a s a p la ce to
p ro d uce so la r p a n els a s w ell a s a lo ca l sh ow ro o m fo r
t he l oe e ses o la r t ec h no lo g y.
F re ib urg s a rc hite ct R olf D is ch b U ilt th e H e lio tro pe in
1 99 4 a ro ta tin g s ola r tre e-h ou se w h ic h fo llo ws th e s un .
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THE DEMY
OF URB NISM
Schoo ls and un ivers it ies research facilities and
cultura l institu tions make a sign ificant impact on
the attra ctiveness and the quality of a city . They
have a strong in fluence on public life and can
have a decisive influence on the plann ing culture
o f a city.
A city has to cre ate opportun it ie s for persona l
deve lopment and life long learn ing .
ONT NT PRINIPL S
EDUC TION SCIENCE
CULTURE
S cho o ls and un ivers itie s p la ya vi tal
ro le in th e con tin uo us p ro cess
re juvena tion
so
p la ces lik e F reib u rg
can m ain ta in th e ir econom ic and
cu ltu r a l v ita lity .
S tephen N eal
THE FREIBURG CH RTER FOR
SUST IN BLE URB NISM
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T h e S u n S h ip fo rm s o ne
of
the m ain a xe s in V A U B A N a n d
is
m ix ed -u se b uild in g w ith b ic yc le a nd c ar
p a r ki ng s u p e rm a r k e t l oc a l s h o p pi ng f a ci li tI e s b u s in e s s a n d e n te r p ri se u n it s a p a rt m e n ts a n d s o la r-plus
h ou se s th at g en er ac e s u rp lu s e ne rg y to b e s old b ac k
to
t he g rid
t
p ro fit fo r th e h ou se ho ld er.
T h e m o s t im p o rt a n t ta s k fo r th e fu tu re is th e
c o n s e rv a ti o n o f existin g e m p lo y m en t a n d th e
d e ve lo p m e n t o f g ro un d b re ak in g a nd in no va tiv e
busin e s se s . In o rd e r to a ch ie v e th is w e m us t
fu lly ta p in to e ve ry o p p o rtu n ity th a t e n a b le s th e
c ity to m ain ta in e x istin g jo b s o n th e o n e h a n d
a n d to d e v e lo p n e w o n e s o n th e o th e r.
T h e tr e n d to g re e n fie ld d e ve lo p m en t a n d
e d ge c ity h a s to b e c o u n te ra c te d w ith a
c o n c e n tra tio n o n th e re g e n e ra tio n o f e x isting
u rb a n fa bric . T h e p ro p e r a p p lic a tio n o f th e s e
p ri n c ip le s is in d is p e n sable.
ONTENT PRIN IPLE S
IN USTRY JO S
In te rm s
of b o th e c on o m y a n d e c olo g y.F r elb u rg h a s
een
m o s t s u cc e ss fu l i n t he f ie ld s
of
r e n ew a b l e e n e rg y
r es e ar ch a n d m a rk e tin g t he s e a c hI ev e m en ts . Pioneering
a ctio n h as b ee n r ein fo rc ed b y c ou nd es s a w a rd s a nd
h I gh v is It o r n u m b e rs
t o u n iq u e
proJects.
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THE DEMY
OF UR NISM
Solar panels can b e found o n
th e roofs o f O ty H all on schoo ls
c hu rc he s and p riv ate house s o n
fa ca de s a nd to w ers T he ad enov a
Foo tb a ll S ta d ium i s
th e
{lr st
s ta d ium wo rl dw ide
to
hove
t o w n
solar p o w er plant
v a u ban and Riese lre ld show how good
urban design p rincip les can b e app lied
cre ate susta ina ble a nd p ro sp ero us
communities leonora ervellera
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The conservation of b io log ica l d iversity the
w ise use of resources for the benefit o f future
generations and the prote ction of a healthy
and liveable environm ent are key objectives fo r
urb an development .
A ll areas of p lanning have to be evaluated
for the ir im pact on the enviro nment prior
to implementation in order to safeguard
the habita ts of anim als and pla nts a s well as
historically important cu ltural landscapes.
ONT NT PRIN IP LS
N TURE
ENVIRONMENT
.
Freiburg integra tes w ater and
landscape w ith in bo th its histor ic
centre and new se ttlements
s imulta ne ous ly im pr ov ing q ua lity
life and re duc ing e ne rg y
demands.
Prof Brian Evans
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THE DEMY
OF UR NISM
M ain stree t in V A U B A N: s us ta in a ble tr an sp or t in te gra te d
with soft la n ds ca p e a n d r ain w ate r c olle ction creating co ld
a ir m o ve m en t a lo ng v en tila tio n c orndors and com bining
to
c re ate th e fo un da tio n fo r a n
energy eff ic ient
developm ent
w ith in de pe nd en t lo ca l h ea tin g s ys te m s. Th is a ttract ive
f am i ly f ne n d ly e c oneighboum ood w as built fo r 5 0 00 people
on a f or m e r m i ll ca ry
sit
of some
hectares . T h e a re a is
t ra f fi c cauned; Wi th t m a jo rity o f h ou se ho ld s n ot
owning
car:
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SUST IN LE UR NISM
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The urban gra in in F reiburg both
in th e h is toric cen tre and its new
settlem en ts is th e secret its
success - small s ca le respons ive
and full character .
Richard R ees
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