Proprietary to ECOSYTEM consortium - CONFIDENTIAL
High Performance Gas Expansion System for Halon-FreE CargO Hold
Fire Suppression SystemECOSYSTEM
Clean Sky 2 – AIRFRAME-ITD
Consortium Partners Topic Manager
FAA IASFPF, April 2021 Collins Aerospace [ART Ireland]: Changmin Cao, El Hassan Ridouane [Avionics]: Adam Chattaway, Hitesh Mistry, Francois Petetin, Francois Breton [GEC-P]: Weronika Batog, Lukasz Turek [Interiors]: Detlev Degenhardt, Carlos Manglano, Gerrit Krause
Airbus: Andre Freiling, Rainer Beuermann Fraunhofer: Arnav Pathak, Marie Pschirer
This document does not contain any export controlled technical data
AdamAGENDA
ECOSYSTEM Project Overview
Objectives and Expected Impact
Requirements Specification
Description of the Demonstrator
System Design Modeling
Testing at Fraunhofer
Summary/Next Steps
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BACKGROUNDECOSYSTEM is an EU funded Clean Sky 2 project
Project started October 2019 and will run until September 2021
Max EU contribution of k€699
Project effort 74 person months
Topic Leader – Airbus
SCOPE AND POSITIONINGDevelop an environmentally friendly and economically viable halon-free cargo hold fire suppression system
TRL 5 demonstration in relevant environment at Fraunhofer facility
ECOSYSTEM OVERVIEW
C o n s o r t i u m P a r t n e r s
ART
KIDDE
L’HOTELLIER
B/E Aerospace
GEC-P
Adam
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Kidde had previously carried out investigations into inert gas for cargo compartment fire protection at full scale
• Good results obtained for all 4 MPS scenarios
• Link to Kidde Presentation (May 2016, Toulouse)
Cranfield EFFICIENT Project
• EU funded project under Clean Sky 2
• Demonstrated that nitrogen could pass MPS criteria
• Link to EFFICIENT Presentation (October 2019, Atlantic City)
Both of the above test programs used “industrial, COTS hardware”
The aim of this work is to mature the technology to TRL-5, using lightweight components that could be fitted to an aircraft
PREVIOUS STUDIES
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Tem
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Bulk load Cargo test KR
KR unsuppresssed
KR suppressed test 63
Unsuppressed test
Suppressed test
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Panfire Mid level, peak temperature
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KR T136 Suppressed
Unsuppressed test
Suppressed test
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LD3 Containerised load Peak temperatures
test 66 KR unsupp
test 70 KR N2
Unsuppressed test
Suppressed test
Sources: Publication data
Adam
Previous studies with inert gas
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ECOSYSTEM OBJECTIVESAdam
Project objectives:
Develop requirements and KPIs with the topic manager
Develop and assess system architecture options with respect to optimal placement and integration of components into demonstrator
Design system components
Perform trade studies to evaluate component options based on weight, volume, safety impact, certification complexity
Perform a thorough safety/risk analysis at system level
Model performance of demonstrator using CFD and stress analysis
Characterize system performance at component and system level
Test prototype at Fraunhofer Institute (Holzkirchen, Germany) and evaluate its performance
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Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 of the European Parliament on substances that deplete the ozone layer
Elimination of a highly ozone-depleting and global warming substance
Replace halon by nitrogen, a sustainable alternative to an ozone-depleting and global warming gas
Successfully use inert gas in aerospace
Having this technology at TRL 5 is a step further to bringing a product to market
Strengthen European aerospace industry competitiveness
EXPECTED IMPACT
Halon 1301 availability
Oct18Meeting/Verdonik-1018-XXIX-8.pdf
Adam
Project expected impact:
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Discharge times for knock-down and long-term suppression
Oxygen level reduction to below a defined threshold
Avoid over-pressure in cargo compartment
Temperature ranges (operating, short time operation, ground survival)
Flight phases (ground, cruise, descent)
Bottle size
System interface
Demonstrator design needs to meet a set of requirements
AdamREQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
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Lightweight Composite Cylinders – 4 off used for High Rate Discharge (HRD) and 3 off used
for Low Rate Discharge (LRD)
Valve Assemblies – Includes Safety Burst Disc, Pressure Gauge
Cylinder connected via flexible hoses to 2 Manifolds, (one for HRD one for LRD)
HRD and LRD lines each have pressure regulator & flow restrictor, to maintain desired flow
rate of nitrogen
Entire demonstrator is housed in a stainless steel fabricated box
To characterize the mass and volume flow rate of the gas flow a number of pressure
transducers, thermocouples and flow meters will be installed within HRD and LRD lines
The Demonstrator comprises of following components
AdamDEMONSTRATOR OVERVIEW
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Modelling process for components selection
0D unsteady code that outputs oxygen concentration (at different flight phases and temperature conditions) to down-select cylinders by calculating required mass flow rates.
1D hydraulic calculator for pipe network modelling to down-select outlet pressure of regulator and orifice size of flow restrictor.
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) modelling to evaluate oxygen concentration distribution in three-dimensional cargo compartment.
Modelling tools :
ChangminSYSTEM DESIGN MODELING
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Determine required mass flow rate for HRD
Minimum mass flow rate for HRD is restricted by discharge time to achieve required oxygen concentration
B< A C> A B< A C> A
Maximum mass flow rate for HRD is restricted by allowed over-pressure
Mass flow rate A is selected for HRD as it meets requirements of over-pressure and discharge time.
Over-pressure Time to required O2 is too long
ChangminHRD MASS FLOW RATE
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Piping network modelling for regulator and restrictor sizes selection
Regulator outlet pressure of HRD Restrictor Size Selection for HRD and LRD
HRD LRD
Restrictor
Regulator
Nozzle
ChangminREGULATOR AND FLOW RESTRICTOR
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CFD simulation to evaluate 3D oxygen concentration distribution in cargo compartment
Ambient condition
Cold condition
3D oxygen volume fraction
Higher O2 vol. fraction near floor at LRD stage because of low jet momentum.
Higher O2 vol. fraction at cold condition
Required oxygen concentration
Required oxygen concentration
ChangminAGENT DISPERSION MODELLING
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lLow-pressure chamber:Length: 30 m
Internal diameter : 9.6 m
Low pressure (absolute): 116 hPa
Low pressure (subject testing) : 750 hPa
Cabin air conditions:Air temperature: -20 °C to +30 °C
Relative humidity: 5 % to 65 % at 20 °C
Realistic simulations of noise and vibration
Aircraft outer skin temperature:Temperature: -30°C to +40 °C (for A310 mock-up)
Temperature: -55°C to +85°C (for business jet mock-ups)
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AdamFRAUNHOFER FLIGHT TEST FACILITY
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ECOSYSTEM demonstrator will be installed and tested at Fraunhofer flight test facility
https://www.hoki.ibp.fraunhofer.de/vr/virtual-tour_IBP/#tabpanel-Virtueller%20Rundgang%20Fraunhofer%20IBP
Flight Test Facility virtual tour is available through this link:
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AdamTESTING AT FRAUNHOFER
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Cargo Hold with door leakage, pressure management system and agent injection nozzles, conforming with MPS requirements
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AdamCARGO HOLD SETUP
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AdamPROJECT STATUS
System requirements defined
Demonstrator design complete, CDR signed off ; components
ordered
Safety/risk analysis at system level has been performed
Performance of demonstrator has been modelled using CFD;
additional flight cases being evaluated
LRD system performance is being optimized
Testing at Fraunhofer Institute planned
Industrialization plan has been completed
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This work represents the next stage in the development of inert gas for cargo
compartment fire suppression applications (TRL-5)
Simulated altitude testing (reduced temperature and pressure) at Fraunhofer
represents an exciting next step in the TRL development
CFD modelling has been used to validate our approach; will reduce the number
of tests required at Fraunhofer Institute
We look forward to reporting the results at a subsequent Forum meeting
Planned further developments and refinements to the ECOSYSTEM
Demonstrator will allow for flight tests to be carried out
AdamSUMMARY AND NEXT STEPS
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EU Clean Sky 2 for funding
Airbus as Topic Manager
• Rainer Beuermann, Nadine Gomm, Andre Freiling
Fraunhofer Team
• Arnav Pathak, Marie Pschirer, Victor Norrefeldt
Collins Aerospace Team
• El Hassan Ridouane, Laurie O’Sullivan, Hitesh Mistry, Francois Petetin, Francois Breton, Detlev Degenhardt, Carlos Manglano, Gerrit Krause, Weronika Batog, Lukasz Turek
FAA Tech Center
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAdam
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