© Fraunhofer IKTS © Fraunhofer IKTS © Fraunhofer IKTS
Institut für Keramische Technologien und Systems: IKTS Alexander Michaelis
Main sites : Dresden and Hermsdorf
staff: 450
Total Budget: Mio €
Keramische Technologien und Systeme für die effiziente Energiewandlung und -speicherung
© Fraunhofer IKTS 2
structural ceramics functional ceramics
Micro- and Energy Systems Smart Materials and Systems
Ceramic Materials
Processes / Components
Sintering / Characterization
Environmental Technologies
Core Competencies of IKTS
© Fraunhofer IKTS 3
Ceramics for combustion engines
Energy Harvesting (Piezoceramics, TEG)
Fuel Cells
Photovoltaics Storage Technology
Li-Battery SuperCap Na-NiCl SOEC - (Electrolysis)
Smart Ceramic Materials for Energy and Environmental Technologies and Systems
Membranes for Filtration / Bioenergy
Bioenergie-Anwendungszentrum / Pöhl
© Fraunhofer IKTS 4
support
membrane
module
system / plant
coolingwater30 °C
coldwater10 °C
coldwater4 °C
145 °C
99.5 wt.% ETOH
Steam for start up and control
110 °C, 85 wt.%
M
M
Rectificatio
nco
lum
n
MM
Lutter water
M
Atmosphere
From mash column
(110,000 l/d)66 wt.% ETOH
Product (80,000 l/d)99.5 wt.% ETOH
Fusel oils and techn. alcohols
14 2°C
MM
MM MM
process
Ceramic Membrane Systems for liquid and gas filtration
© Fraunhofer IKTS 5
0,4 nm
Formation of structural pores < 1 nm
0,35
nm
Crystallographic cages/channels
Lattice plane distances Crystallographic defects (vacancies)
© Fraunhofer IKTS 6
O2 permeable membranes for combustion processes
new long term stable materials high flux by the use of asymmetrical membranes
CH4 CH4
syngas syngas
porose protection tube with cathode
membrane
air
© Fraunhofer IKTS 7
Ceramics for combustion engines
Energy Harvesting (Piezoceramics, TEG)
Fuel Cells
Photovoltaics Storage Technology
Li-Battery SuperCap Na-NiCl SOEC - (Electrolysis)
Smart Ceramic Materials for Energy and Environmental Technologies and Systems
Membranes for Filtration / Bioenergy
Bioenergie-Anwendungszentrum / Pöhl
© Fraunhofer IKTS 8
Brennstoffzellen
hocheffiziente Energiewandlung: elektrisch > 45 – 55%, KWK > 90 % geringste Emmisionen Grundlastfähig Dezentral Wartungsarm, hohe Verfügbarkeit
© Fraunhofer IKTS 9
Material
MEA
System
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) value chain
Stack
Take over of Siemens AG planar SOFC Technology including IP and some assets in 1998
www. enrg-inc.com
© Fraunhofer IKTS 10
Fuel Cell Systems developed at IKTS
Hydrogen PEFC
Tubular SOFC
LPG SOFC
Natural gas SOFC
Biogas SOFC
1 W 10 W 100 W 1 kW 10 kW 1MW
Hand held portable stationary
Biogas + NG MCFC
© Fraunhofer IKTS © Fraunhofer IKTS © Fraunhofer IKTS
eneramic® DESIGN OPTIONS AND ADVANCED SYSTEM CONCEPTS
eneramic®
stack after- burner
fuel processor
process air pre-heater
start-up burner
Portable SOFC system based on ceramic components and multilayer technologies
© Fraunhofer IKTS 12
PAverage ≈ 2 kW 3
≈ 48 kWh / day 557 V / 64 Ah / 35,7 kWh 2 PPeak = 7,5 kW 1
Capacity Factor: 25 %1 ≈ 45 kWh / day
Advanced System Concepts „Range Extender“ for stationary (and mobile) systems
Application Examples: Remote Surveillance Systems, Telecom Sites, Weather Stations, Irrigation Systems
400 J/s
LPG 750 g / day
300 °C
250 Wth
Time
Req
uir
ed
Po
wer
PV Module / Wind Turbine Application High-Temperature Battery Storage
Na/NiCl-Battery maintained at 270 °C Time
PV
Gen
era
tio
n
1) indicative values for small PV systems in Europe; 2) example data of a ZEBRA Z12 Telecom Battery 3) indicative values for typical cell site power consumption
DC-Power 100 Wel
2,4 kWh / day
Exhaust Heat
© Fraunhofer IKTS 13
Fuel Cell Systems developed at IKTS
Hydrogen PEFC
Tubular SOFC
LPG SOFC
Natural gas SOFC
Biogas SOFC
1 W 10 W 100 W 1 kW 10 kW 1MW
Hand held portable stationary
Biogas + NG MCFC
© Fraunhofer IKTS 14
IKTS has put systems in the field
Vaillant mCHP system Complete system design of the world‘s first wall-hanging fuel cell based micro co-generator (Europe‘s largest heating applicance manufacturer)
Bio-Gas fuel cell Complete design and assembly of a kW-class fuel cell running on biogas. The IKTS fuel cell was put in a container and tested on-site at a biogas plant for one complete summer. SOEC Tests ongoin g
© Fraunhofer IKTS 15
Fuel Cell Systems developed at IKTS
Hydrogen PEFC
Tubular SOFC
LPG SOFC
Natural gas SOFC
Biogas SOFC
1 W 10 W 100 W 1 kW 10 kW 1MW
Hand held portable stationary
Biogas + NG MCFC
© Fraunhofer IKTS 16
© Fraunhofer IKTS 17
© Fraunhofer IKTS 18
MCFC: Market proven!
300MW Fuel Cell power in operatoion
More than 80 Direct FuelCell® plants are running in the field
© Fraunhofer IKTS 19
© Fraunhofer IKTS 20
© Fraunhofer IKTS 21
SOEC ?! (Holy grail)
© Fraunhofer IKTS 22
Material and electrode characterization
Sophisticated spectro-electrochemical characterization (impedance, Raman,…)
Electrical and thermal characterization of commercial cells
Stationary and dynamic modeling of battery cell performance
Powder synthesis and processing
Methods for analysis and optimization of thermal process
Methods for characterization of powders (FESEM, XRD; Raman; thermal properties; particle size )
Development of an adapted slip compositions for the coating process
Sophisticated methods of slurry characterization and optimization
Efficient methods for slurry mixing
Development of technologies for coating of electrode films
Powder processing Slurry mixing Electrode manufacturing Cell testing Cell assembly +
packaging
Storage technology at IKTS: NaS, NaNiCl Li-Ion Battery value chain / technology line
© Fraunhofer IKTS 23
Material development
Powder processing Slurry mixing Electrode manufacturing Cell testing Cell assembly +
packaging
Active materials for lithium ion battery electrodes Cathode materials
LiCoO2 (LCO), LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM), LiMn2O4 (LMO), LiFePO4 (LFP) Anode materials
graphite modifications (commercial supplier) Pretreatment of the raw material powders to enhance battery performance
e.g. electrode conductivity, energy density and cycle life
LiCoO2 cathode
© Fraunhofer IKTS 24
Tap density Capacity Processing
Discharge current Cycle stabilty
Power density Life time
Safety
© Fraunhofer IKTS 25
Efficient manufacturing methods for high-performance lithium ion batteries: From Lab. to Fab.
Battery assembly Slurry mixing Electrode manufacturing Cell testing Cell assembly +
packaging
Development of optimized manufacturing methods along the entire value chain of lithium ion cell production
Manufacturing methods for high-performance lithium ion battery cells with a target price of 300 €/kWh
Pilot scale production of Li-Ion-Batteries
© Fraunhofer IKTS 26
Brennstoffzellen erforderlich zur regenerativen Gaserzeugung sowie umweltgerechter Energiewandlung aus Gas (Elektrolyse, SOEC)
© Fraunhofer IKTS 27
© Fraunhofer IKTS © Fraunhofer IKTS © Fraunhofer IKTS
RESET Dresden
Projektkonzept Zwanzig20 des IKTS: Batterie 2.0
© Fraunhofer IKTS 29
Zusammenfassung: Kombination von effizienter (regenerativer) Energiewandlung + Speicherung
Supercap Li-Ion NaNiCl Redox-Flow SOEC
Power to Gas (Fuel)
Solar MCFC
SOFC Solar Wind
Privat Gewerbe Netzebene 6 .. 7
Netzebene 5 Industrie
Anwendungen
Skalierung
SOFC
E-Mobil
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