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POTENTIALS IN AYURVED & THEIR EXPLORATION

AAAAayauvaoayauvaoayauvaoayauvao-- --d maoM samBaavanaaeM evaM ]naka AnvaoYaNad maoM samBaavanaaeM evaM ]naka AnvaoYaNad maoM samBaavanaaeM evaM ]naka AnvaoYaNad maoM samBaavanaaeM evaM ]naka AnvaoYaNa

In recent India Ayurveda Mahasammelan was established on 3rd May 1907 in Nashik by Shri Shankar Daji

Shastripade.

Dr.Pranjeevan Manickchanda Mehta was the Dean of Ayurvedic College of Jamnagar Since 1947 to 1952.

Bhore Committee was established in 1948

Pandit Commiittee was established in 1949 who recommended for an Integrated Ayurvedic Course

Udupa Committee was formed on 23rd July 1958 they also recommended to run an integrated course.

Vyas Committee was formed in 1963 under the guidance of Shri Mohanlal Vyas Health Minister of Gujrat

who recommended forming a course having only Pure Ayurvedic topics

Sampurna nand Committee was Formed in 1964 under the guidance Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Who

recommeded to Form an Ayurvedic Course having Predominance of Ayurvedic Topics.

Tibbia College-Madarasa Tibbia Established in 1882 by Hakim Abdul Majeed in Chandni Chowk, New

Delhi. In 1889 it was shifted to Karol Baugh. Hakeem Ajmal Khan younger brother of Hakeem Abdul

Majeed later maintained it from 1901 to 1916.Present Day Tibbia college's Foundation Stone was laid down

by Hon.Mahatma Gandhi On 13th Feb 1921.

Banaras Hindu University act, that was passed in 1915.

Ayurvedic Department was established in B.H.U. In 1922

Post Graduate Dept. Was established in B.H.U in 1963.

National Institute of Jaipur was established on 7th Feb 1967

Gulab kuwanrha Ayurvedic Society was established in 1940.Dhanwantri Bhavan was built up in 1944.

Gulab Kunwanrba Ayurvedic College was established on 1st July 1946.

CIRISM( Central Institute of Reasearh in Indigenous System of Medicine) was established in 1956

PGTCA (Post Graduate Training Centre of Ayurved) was established in 1963, Gujrat Ayurved

University, Jamnagar was established on 5th nov 1967.

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CCIM (central council of Indian medicine ) was established in 1971 by Vd.Shri Shiv Sharma ji

CCRAS(central council for research in ayurveda & siddha) was established on 30th march 1978

AIMS OF CCIM according to gazette of india are aimed at producing graduates having profound knowledge

of asthanga ayurved supplemented with knowledge of scientific advances in modern medicine along with

extensive practical training, Who will become an efficient physician & surgeon fully competent to serve the

healthcare services.

On 2nd November 1955, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru visited the central institute of research in indigenous

system of medicine at Jamnagar and said “future of human kind will depend on good blend of spirituality&

science this institute is doing a fascinating job.”(page 26 0f ayurved & modern medicine by Dr RD Lele.)

In 1st edition of Ayurved & modern medicine written by Hon.Dr R.D.Lele sir in1986 regarding the

doshas it was stated that “I don’t want to comment on doshas it would be like opening a Pandora box or like

opening a can of worms”.

During this period when anatomy & physiology were being newly developed & established most of

the prominent ayurvedic administrators particularly IAS officers used to laugh at Ayurvedic people saying

your Vaat Pitta & Kapha go from any where to any where & they do all sorts of deeds in human body What

a foolish & Unscientific boast full statement you are making. Even most of the modern medicine doctors

many a times used the word “quack” for Ayurvedic people.

Even some of the Ayurvedic graduates & post graduates cut a job on people from basic principle

dept by saying that these peoples always remain involved in “GaT pT kI KTpTGaT pT kI KTpTGaT pT kI KTpTGaT pT kI KTpT” (without producing any

creative results).

But this scenario has been completely reversed by the passage of time and the current evidences for

the same are as under:-

1. Under mentioned statements has been quoted twice by the Hon. Dr. R.D. Lele sir on page 83 & 469

“in the reductionist approach of experimental medicine, we went from the whole person to the

individual level or organ & tissues to look for specific causes, when we reach the level of cells &

sub cellular organelles, the doctrines of specific causes becomes blurred because, various types of

insults may produce the same results in terms of bio chemical lesions. In future classification of

diseases, we might emphasis what underlying disturbance of control mechanism. We are required to

correct rather than treating a disease.”

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2. 5 to 6 years before the author of this article happened to go to GS Medical College where he saw the

board on the enterance of the Anatomy Dissection Hall boldly stating that “It is better to learn

Anatomy & forget it in place of not knowing it at all.” Perhaps based on this fact only since last 5 to

6 years study of 1st year MBBS course is decreased to 1 year in place of 1.5 year& this reduced

6months of study have been added to 3rd MBBS (final) course; Perhaps so that the trainee doctors

can have maximum exposure to clinical subjects.

%vak%vak%vak%vak\\\\pyapyapyapya-- --ntsya dohsya yaao|yama=ga ivainaXcaya: È Salya &anaadRto naOYa vaNyantsya dohsya yaao|yama=ga ivainaXcaya: È Salya &anaadRto naOYa vaNyantsya dohsya yaao|yama=ga ivainaXcaya: È Salya &anaadRto naOYa vaNyantsya dohsya yaao|yama=ga ivainaXcaya: È Salya &anaadRto naOYa vaNya-- --to|=gaoYau koYauicatto|=gaoYau koYauicatto|=gaoYau koYauicatto|=gaoYau koYauicat\\\\ ÈÈ sau.Saa.A.5ÈÈ sau.Saa.A.5ÈÈ sau.Saa.A.5ÈÈ sau.Saa.A.5

Relevant full detail Anatomy’s` knowledge is essential for a surgeon.

tsmaainna:tsmaainna:tsmaainna:tsmaainna: saMSayaM &anaM h~asaMSayaM &anaM h~asaMSayaM &anaM h~asaMSayaM &anaM h~a---- Salyasya vaaHCtaSalyasya vaaHCtaSalyasya vaaHCtaSalyasya vaaHCta È È È È SaaoQaiya%vaa maRtM samyagd`YTvyaao|=gaivainaScaya:SaaoQaiya%vaa maRtM samyagd`YTvyaao|=gaivainaScaya:SaaoQaiya%vaa maRtM samyagd`YTvyaao|=gaivainaScaya:SaaoQaiya%vaa maRtM samyagd`YTvyaao|=gaivainaScaya: ÈÈ47ÈÈÈÈ47ÈÈÈÈ47ÈÈÈÈ47ÈÈ

P`a%yaxatao ih yadRYTMcaP`a%yaxatao ih yadRYTMcaP`a%yaxatao ih yadRYTMcaP`a%yaxatao ih yadRYTMca Saas~ dRYTMSaas~ dRYTMSaas~ dRYTMSaas~ dRYTM ca ca ca ca yadyadyadyad\\\\Bavaot È Bavaot È Bavaot È Bavaot È samaasatstduBayaM BaUyaao &anaivavaQasamaasatstduBayaM BaUyaao &anaivavaQasamaasatstduBayaM BaUyaao &anaivavaQasamaasatstduBayaM BaUyaao &anaivavaQa-- --namanamanamanama\\ \\ ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ48ÈÈ48ÈÈ48ÈÈ48ÈÈ sau.Saa. A.5sau.Saa. A.5sau.Saa. A.5sau.Saa. A.5

Hence a surgeon must know the relevant detail anatomy on the basis of textual reading and directly

dissecting the cleaned preserved body.

tsmaat samastgaa~mtsmaat samastgaa~mtsmaat samastgaa~mtsmaat samastgaa~maivaYaaophtmadIGaaivaYaaophtmadIGaaivaYaaophtmadIGaaivaYaaophtmadIGa-- --vyaaiQapIiDtmavyaaiQapIiDtmavyaaiQapIiDtmavyaaiQapIiDtmavaYavaYavaYavaYa-- -- SaitkM ina:saRYTan~SaitkM ina:saRYTan~SaitkM ina:saRYTan~SaitkM ina:saRYTan~purIYaM pu$YamavahpurIYaM pu$YamavahpurIYaM pu$YamavahpurIYaM pu$Yamavahn%yaamaapgaayn%yaamaapgaayn%yaamaapgaayn%yaamaapgaayaaaaaaaaM M M M ivabawM pHjarsqaM ivabawM pHjarsqaM ivabawM pHjarsqaM ivabawM pHjarsqaM

mauHjavalaklakuSaSaNaadInaamanyatmaonaavaoiYTta=gamap`kaSao doSao kaoqayaot ,samyak p`kuiqatM caaowRvya ttao dohM saPtra~aduSmauHjavalaklakuSaSaNaadInaamanyatmaonaavaoiYTta=gamap`kaSao doSao kaoqayaot ,samyak p`kuiqatM caaowRvya ttao dohM saPtra~aduSmauHjavalaklakuSaSaNaadInaamanyatmaonaavaoiYTta=gamap`kaSao doSao kaoqayaot ,samyak p`kuiqatM caaowRvya ttao dohM saPtra~aduSmauHjavalaklakuSaSaNaadInaamanyatmaonaavaoiYTta=gamap`kaSao doSao kaoqayaot ,samyak p`kuiqatM caaowRvya ttao dohM saPtra~aduSaIr baala aIr baala aIr baala aIr baala

vaoNau valkla kUcaavaoNau valkla kUcaavaoNau valkla kUcaavaoNau valkla kUcaa-- --naamanyatmaona SanaO: SanaOrvaGaYanaamanyatmaona SanaO: SanaOrvaGaYanaamanyatmaona SanaO: SanaOrvaGaYanaamanyatmaona SanaO: SanaOrvaGaYa-- --yaMs%vagaadIna savaayaMs%vagaadIna savaayaMs%vagaadIna savaayaMs%vagaadIna savaa-- --naova baahnaova baahnaova baahnaova baahyaaByaMtrana=ga p`%ya=ga ivaSaoYaanayaaByaMtrana=ga p`%ya=ga ivaSaoYaanayaaByaMtrana=ga p`%ya=ga ivaSaoYaanayaaByaMtrana=ga p`%ya=ga ivaSaoYaana\\ \\ yaqaao@tana yaqaao@tana yaqaao@tana yaqaao@tana

laxayaoccaxauYaa ÈÈ sau.Saa. A.5laxayaoccaxauYaa ÈÈ sau.Saa. A.5laxayaoccaxauYaa ÈÈ sau.Saa. A.5laxayaoccaxauYaa ÈÈ sau.Saa. A.5

The detailed method of dissecting the body for the knowledge of Anatomy has been described in the

above text passage.

SarIr saM#yaayaao vaod savaaSarIr saM#yaayaao vaod savaaSarIr saM#yaayaao vaod savaaSarIr saM#yaayaao vaod savaa-- --vayavaSaao iBaYakvayavaSaao iBaYakvayavaSaao iBaYakvayavaSaao iBaYak\\\\ ÈÈÈÈ td&antd&antd&antd&anainaima<aona sa maaohonaainaima<aona sa maaohonaainaima<aona sa maaohonaainaima<aona sa maaohona nananana yaujyato ÈÈyaujyato ÈÈyaujyato ÈÈyaujyato ÈÈ11119ÈÈ9ÈÈ9ÈÈ9ÈÈ

AmaUZao maaohmaUlaOSca na daoYaOriBaBaUyato ÈAmaUZao maaohmaUlaOSca na daoYaOriBaBaUyato ÈAmaUZao maaohmaUlaOSca na daoYaOriBaBaUyato ÈAmaUZao maaohmaUlaOSca na daoYaOriBaBaUyato È inadainadainadainada-- -- oYaao ina:spRh: Saant: p`Saamya%yapunaBaoYaao ina:spRh: Saant: p`Saamya%yapunaBaoYaao ina:spRh: Saant: p`Saamya%yapunaBaoYaao ina:spRh: Saant: p`Saamya%yapunaBa-- --va: ÈÈ20ÈÈ va: ÈÈ20ÈÈ va: ÈÈ20ÈÈ va: ÈÈ20ÈÈ ca.Saa. A.7ca.Saa. A.7ca.Saa. A.7ca.Saa. A.7

A physician who has the mathematical knowledge of each & every organ of body he never gets confused (in

treating the patients) & if a spiritual leader or yogi commits no mistakes & becomes detached to all worldly

things he can attain true peace or salvation.

Hence we can conclude that the state of affairs regarding anatomy of modern medicine & ayurved in to

days era are coming to quite similar goals & state of affairs.

(3) Energy transfusion in the cell – how the energy is transferred from fuel molecules to ATP has been

described by tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In the first stage, enzymes break down the sugar and fat

molecules (and protein fragments) in to simpler unit that represents a kind of common denominator of

distinctly different structures of these fuels. The intermediate or second stage which is also called the citric

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acid cycle or Krebs cycle. It is at this point that fats and proteins are broken down to acetic acid by enzymes

systems specifically adapted to their structures, also join the common pathway of oxidation. As the cycle

continues the citric acid undergoes a series of rearrangements and degradations, in the course of which oxalo

acetic acid is regenerated for the next round and the two carbons from the acetic acid molecule are oxidized

to form 2 molecules of CO2. Half of the task of oxidation is now completed. Meanwhile during the

dismemberment of pyruvic acid molecule in the citric acid cycle, intermediate compounds have picked up

the pairs of hydrogen atoms that are attached to carbon atoms. The hydrogens are carried over in to third

major multi enzyme sequence to be combined with oxygen which is brought from lungs via circulation. This

so called respiratory cycle thus yields water, the second of the two end products of the biological oxidation.

The process by which glucose is broken down in to carbon dioxide and water involves over thirty individual

chemical reactions. Nearly every one of these reactions is reversible. Still the overall process goes in to one

direction because the products from each individual reaction are used as reactants for the next reaction in the

series. Pg 151,152 Ayurveda and Modern medicine Dr. R.D.Lele.

Nearly similar description found in Ayurveda is as under-

Annasya Bau@tmaa~sya YaDAnnasya Bau@tmaa~sya YaDAnnasya Bau@tmaa~sya YaDAnnasya Bau@tmaa~sya YaD\\\\rsasya p`pakt: È maQauraVatrsasya p`pakt: È maQauraVatrsasya p`pakt: È maQauraVatrsasya p`pakt: È maQauraVat\\\\ kfao Bavaatkfao Bavaatkfao Bavaatkfao Bavaat\\\\ fonaBaUt ]dIyafonaBaUt ]dIyafonaBaUt ]dIyafonaBaUt ]dIya-- --to ÈÈto ÈÈto ÈÈto ÈÈ9ÈÈ9ÈÈ9ÈÈ9ÈÈ

prM tu pprM tu pprM tu pprM tu pcyamaanasya ivadgQasyaamla Baavat: È AaSayacyamaanasya ivadgQasyaamla Baavat: È AaSayacyamaanasya ivadgQasyaamla Baavat: È AaSayacyamaanasya ivadgQasyaamla Baavat: È AaSayaaccyavamaanasya ip%tmacCmaudIyaaccyavamaanasya ip%tmacCmaudIyaaccyavamaanasya ip%tmacCmaudIyaaccyavamaanasya ip%tmacCmaudIya-- --to ÈÈto ÈÈto ÈÈto ÈÈ10ÈÈ10ÈÈ10ÈÈ10ÈÈ

p@vaaSayaM tu p`aPtsya SaaoYamaaNasya vainhnaa È piripiNDtp@vasya vaayau: syaatp@vaaSayaM tu p`aPtsya SaaoYamaaNasya vainhnaa È piripiNDtp@vasya vaayau: syaatp@vaaSayaM tu p`aPtsya SaaoYamaaNasya vainhnaa È piripiNDtp@vasya vaayau: syaatp@vaaSayaM tu p`aPtsya SaaoYamaaNasya vainhnaa È piripiNDtp@vasya vaayau: syaat\\\\ kTuBaavat: ÈÈkTuBaavat: ÈÈkTuBaavat: ÈÈkTuBaavat: ÈÈ11ÈÈ11ÈÈ11ÈÈ11ÈÈ ca.ica. A.15ca.ica. A.15ca.ica. A.15ca.ica. A.15

During digestion (metabolism) all diets made up of all 6 tastes first of all turns in to sweetness like bubbled

kapha and then secondly this diet gets turned in to acidic taste which reproduces clean pitta; then in the third

and last stage , when it is being absorbed by body system it gets turned in to bitter taste which nourishes the

vaat and here metabolic digestive processes comes nearly to the end. Now this description can be taken as a

token description of both systemic as well as cellular metabolism.

The above textual description according to common Ayurvedic teacher or student is being taken as a

systemic description of diet metabolism, but according to critical comparative analytical Ayurved students

or experts from modern medicine, this may appear to be more relevant to the cellular metabolism.

(4) Protein kinase cascades that regulate nuclear events has been described as “a series of steps or stages of a

physiological process that once initiated continues to the final step by the virtue of each step is being

triggered by the preceding one; resulting in to a cumulative effect” – Dorland’s medical dictionary.

[cCa WoYa: sauKM du:KM p`ya%naScaotnaa QaRit: È bauiw:smaRitrh=karao ila=[cCa WoYa: sauKM du:KM p`ya%naScaotnaa QaRit: È bauiw:smaRitrh=karao ila=[cCa WoYa: sauKM du:KM p`ya%naScaotnaa QaRit: È bauiw:smaRitrh=karao ila=[cCa WoYa: sauKM du:KM p`ya%naScaotnaa QaRit: È bauiw:smaRitrh=karao ila=\\\\gaaina prmaa%mana: ÈÈgaaina prmaa%mana: ÈÈgaaina prmaa%mana: ÈÈgaaina prmaa%mana: ÈÈ74ÈÈ74ÈÈ74ÈÈ74ÈÈ ca.Saa. A.1ca.Saa. A.1ca.Saa. A.1ca.Saa. A.1

P`aya%naaid kmaP`aya%naaid kmaP`aya%naaid kmaP`aya%naaid kma-- -- caoiYTtmaucyato ÈcaoiYTtmaucyato ÈcaoiYTtmaucyato ÈcaoiYTtmaucyato ÈÈ49È49È49È49ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ ca.sau. A.1ca.sau. A.1ca.sau. A.1ca.sau. A.1

P`aya%naaid kmaP`aya%naaid kmaP`aya%naaid kmaP`aya%naaid kma-- -- caoiYTtmaucyatcaoiYTtmaucyatcaoiYTtmaucyatcaoiYTtmaucyatoooo kmakmakmakma-- -- OvaaVmaa%mana: yaqaa tulyaasya p`ya%naadIitOvaaVmaa%mana: yaqaa tulyaasya p`ya%naadIitOvaaVmaa%mana: yaqaa tulyaasya p`ya%naadIitOvaaVmaa%mana: yaqaa tulyaasya p`ya%naadIit pdM sausaUxmap`ya%na$pkmapdM sausaUxmap`ya%na$pkmapdM sausaUxmap`ya%na$pkmapdM sausaUxmap`ya%na$pkma---- vyaaip%vaVaotnaaqavyaaip%vaVaotnaaqavyaaip%vaVaotnaaqavyaaip%vaVaotnaaqa-- --ma È cak`paiNama È cak`paiNama È cak`paiNama È cak`paiNa

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In ancient literature prayatna has been described in 2 separate forms,

i. As 3rd padartha of Vaisheshik darshan and

ii. As a spiritual property,

Above description realtes to 2nd form which means prayatna is a last one out of total 6 spiritul properties

which means that prayatna is a very minute and foremost initiative activity found in only living beings out of

a consecutive chain of reactions ultimately resulting in to a cumulative end resultant effect like producing

the sound of consonant vowels like ka varga ( ka-kha-ga-etc) which is being described in detail in shabda

property of vaisheshika darshan. These 2 descriptions of Ayurveda and modern medicine appear quite

similar to each other; but described in fully different context, though utmost full detail of karma (activities)

has been dealt properly by Mimansa darshan preached by Maharshi Jaimini.

(5) sa%vaM laGau p`kaSakimaYTmaupYTmBakM calaHca rja: È gau$varNakmaova tma: p`dIpvaccaaqasa%vaM laGau p`kaSakimaYTmaupYTmBakM calaHca rja: È gau$varNakmaova tma: p`dIpvaccaaqasa%vaM laGau p`kaSakimaYTmaupYTmBakM calaHca rja: È gau$varNakmaova tma: p`dIpvaccaaqasa%vaM laGau p`kaSakimaYTmaupYTmBakM calaHca rja: È gau$varNakmaova tma: p`dIpvaccaaqa-- --tao vaRi<a: ÈÈtao vaRi<a: ÈÈtao vaRi<a: ÈÈtao vaRi<a: ÈÈ13 ÈÈ 13 ÈÈ 13 ÈÈ 13 ÈÈ saaM#yakairkasaaM#yakairkasaaM#yakairkasaaM#yakairka

vaRYaao vaRYaao vaRYaao vaRYaao vaRvaRvaRvaRYaM dSaYaM dSaYaM dSaYaM dSa-- --nao ]%kTmaupYTmBaMkraoit È nao ]%kTmaupYTmBaMkraoit È nao ]%kTmaupYTmBaMkraoit È nao ]%kTmaupYTmBaMkraoit È gaaODpadBaaYya gaaODpadBaaYya gaaODpadBaaYya gaaODpadBaaYya

Upshtambhana means as an he bull very vigorously and forcefully attacks another he bull by just seeing him

and whose fight cannot be ended easily.

Satva is that 1st universe initiating and maintaining factor which is light in weight and enlightening in effect;

the 2nd universe initiating and maintaining factor is Raja which is upshtambhak in quality and always

dynamically active in effect; whereas 3rd and last universe initiating and maintaining factor is Tama which is

heavy in quality and having covering or engulfing activity; all these 3 though have distinct qualities, shape

and function etc. but unitedly they only produce and maintain all the worldly substance like separate parts of

a lamp which are pot-oil-twig etc though are of distinct qualities but after proper planned union they become

capable of producing light for human kind.

The more detailed patho-physiological aspect of these in human beings has been described by modern

science, some of which are as under-

Free radical: oxidative stress:

The most glaring example of understanding disease at the molecular level is the damage done by free

radicals. Free radical –induced damage is now implicated in over one hundred human diseases hence it is

important to understand how free radicals are generated ,what natural mechanisms in our body protect us

from their ill-effects, and what measures can be adopted to strengthen the protection eg .anti-oxidants.

Free radicals are atoms with an unpaired electron because of which they are highly reactive. The following

free radicals are produced constantly in the cells of our body with very short half –lives (microseconds or

milliseconds ).

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Water H +OH0 Hydroxyl radicals

O2 +e- → O20- Super oxide

L-Argenine → NO0 Nitric Oxide

O20 +NO0 → ONOO Peroxy nitrite

O2 +iron /copper → OH0 Hydroxyl radicals

Those free radicals derived from water are called reactive oxygen species (ROS)and these derived from

Nitric oxide are reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Free radicals have several important physiological

functions including, anti-microbial killing activity, regulation of cell proliferation and growth through

apoptosis (programmed cell death) and regulation of vascular tone (through Nitric oxide).

Free radicals are produced in the mitochondria of cell during biological oxidation (see page 154) and if not

quenched rapidly, they damage the lipid membrane by a process called lipid peroxidation. Free radicals can

also damage the mitochondrial DNA causing mutations.

The body has protective enzymic & non enzymic mechanism to quench the free radicals as soon as they are

formed. These are superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, glutathione (GSH) and anti

oxidants vit-E (tocopherol and tochotrienols), vitamin C, carotinoids (vitamin A) and flavonoids

Imbalance between production of ROS and RNS & anti-oxidant defense results in oxidative stress.

Human plasma has many anti-oxidants – albumin, billrubin ceruloplasmin, transferrin. Haptoglobin and

hemopexin, which protect the vascular endothelium from oxidative stress.

Lipid peroxidation can be measured by diene conjugates and thiobarbituric acid — reactive substances

(TBARS) assays of human tissues and body fluids. Diabetic patients have high oxidative stress so have

smokers.

Antioxidants :

An antioxidant is a substance that when present at low concentrations compared to those of an oxidizable

substrate, significantly delays or prevents oxidation of that substrate. Simple methods are available for

assessing the capacity of physiologically feasible scavenging of important biological oxidants (superoxide,

hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, hypochlorous acid, haem-associated ferryl species), both lipid-soluble

and water-soluble. In atherosclerosis, lipid peroxidation due .to oxidative damage makes an important

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contribution to plaque development and the chain-breaking antioxidant probucol is useful to prevent this

process.

Levels of anti-oxidant action:

Anti-oxidants can act at different levels. These are broadly classified into 5 levels.

Level 1 Prevention of radical formation : mainly by enhancing the levels of SOD

and catalase, or by sequestering transient metals like iron.

Level 2 Scavenging of primary radicals (OH0, O2, 1O2) or by breaking of chain initiation

Level 3 Scavenging of secondary radical (ROO, LOO) or breaking of chain propogation

(Conventionally studied as inhibition of lipid peroxidation).

Level 4 Repair and reconstruction of lipid membrane aided by glutathione peroxidase or by increase in

level of glutathione.

Level 5 Repair of DNA & other cellular constituents.

Ayurvedic Herbs as anti-oxidants :

Ayurvedic herbal drug provide a rich source of antioxidants at different levels.

Level 1 Enhancing level-of SOD and catalase.

Amalaki - (Emblica officinalis)

Anantmool -(Hemidesmus indicus)

Tulsi - (Ocirnurn sanctum)

Katuka -(Picrorrhiiza Kurroa)

Guduchi -(Tinospora cordifolia)

Ashwagandha - (Withania somnifera)

Ardrak -(Zingiber officinales)

Level 2 Kumari - (Aloe Vera)

Haridra -(Curcuma Longa)

Tulsi -(Ocimum Sanctum)

Level 3 Garlic -(Allium sativum)

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Onion -(Allium Cepa)

Kumari - (Aloe Vera)

Shatavari - (Asparagus Racemosus)

Neem - (Azadirachta indica)

Haridra - (Curcurma Longa)

Amalaki Yashtimadhu - (Emblica officinale)

Yashtimadhu - (Glycerrhiza glabra)

(hemidesmus indica)

Mango - (Mangifora indica)

Tulsi - (Ocimum Sanctum)

Katuka - (Picrorrhiza Kurroa)

Guduchi - (Tinospira Cardifolia)

Level 4 Garlic - (Allium Sativum)

Kumari - (Aloe Vera)

Green tea - (Camelia Sinensis)

Haridra - (Curcuma Longa)

Amalaki - (Emblica officinalis)

Tulsi - (Ocimum sanctum)

Guduchi - (Tinospira Cardifolia)

Ashwagandha - (Listhania,Somnifera)

Adrak - (Zingiber officinates)

Level 5 Tulsi - (Ocimum Sanctum)

It appears from the above list that Tulsi, Amlaki, Kumari, Haridra, Ardrak, Guduchi, Katuka Shatavari,

Ashwagandha are versatile anti-oxidants and are part of the Ayurvedic Rasayan drugs. It is amazing how

experiential wisdom has chosen the most appropriate antioxidants for routine use to maintain people in

positive health by Rasayan drugs. Further more many anti-oxidants are part of the normal Indian vegetarian

diet (haldi, garlic, onions, adrak (ginger), amlaki and beverages (green tea). In the Indian culture Tulsi has a

symbolic role as "protector". Green vegetables and fruits (400 gm/day) give us adequate amounts of

antioxidants in the form of Vit C, Vit E, Carotinoids, flavonoids. These can be grown in the backyards of the

poorest of poor Indians villagers. The amount of water used for bathing by the family can sustain a kitchen

garden of green vegetables and fruits like papaya & banana.

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Precursors of glutathione such as substances containing SH groups are also anti-oxidants (such as captopril,

an ACE inhibitor). N. acetyle-cystein (a type of vinegar), a sulfur-containing aminoacid has been tried as an

antioxidant in HIV positive subject to prevent the death of CD4 + T cells which die of apoptosis, mediated

by free radicals.

Probucol is a cholesterol-lowering and anti-oxidant drug shown to be useful in inhibiting the progression of

atherosclerosis. It acts by removing oxidised LDL.

Oxidative stress (as measured by 5-fold increase in TBARS) induced signaling in the vascular endothelium

results in increased expression of cell adhesion molecules -- 1CAM-1, E-selectin and VCAM-1, and NF-KB

activation (Transcription factor). The addition of anti-oxidants like probucol prevents all these consequences

of oxidative stress.

Dr. Nityanand has shown that Guggulsterone, the active principle of Guggul (Comifera rnukul) has similar

properties like probucol in reducing oxidised LDL by 40%. This property is more crucial than the

cholesterol lowering property of hypolipidernic drugs. Unfortunately this beneficial effect of Guggul has

been overlooked by clinicians.

Synthetic peptide RGD (argenine - glycine-aspartic acid) prevents von-Willebrand factor mediated adhesion

of cells to the endothelium.

Proteinkinase C inhibitors also block expression of endothelial CAMs-via NFKB and activating protein 1

(AP-1), two redox-sensitive transcription factors playing a key role in inflammation. Tocopherol inhibits

NFKB and PKC activity. Alpha tocopherol (vit E) blocks DAG-PKC pathway by activating DAG kinase a

key enzyme in metabolising DAG.

The nervous system has maximum oxidative stress and cumulative stress over decades contributes to the

development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parknison's Disease and Alzheimer's disease.

Antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and chelators of transition metal ions may be more protective than chain

breaking antioxidants. In Alzheimer's disease, the amyloid neurotoxicity is mediated by reactive oxygen

species.

(6) vaayaustn~yan~Qar:vaayaustn~yan~Qar:vaayaustn~yan~Qar:vaayaustn~yan~Qar: p`aNaaodanasamaanavyaanaapanaa%maa Ê p`vatpaNaaodanasamaanavyaanaapanaa%maa Ê p`vatpaNaaodanasamaanavyaanaapanaa%maa Ê p`vatpaNaaodanasamaanavyaanaapanaa%maa Ê p`vat----kScaoYTanaamauccakScaoYTanaamauccakScaoYTanaamauccakScaoYTanaamauccaaaaavacaanaaM Ê inayanta p`Naota ca manasa: Ê savaovacaanaaM Ê inayanta p`Naota ca manasa: Ê savaovacaanaaM Ê inayanta p`Naota ca manasa: Ê savaovacaanaaM Ê inayanta p`Naota ca manasa: Ê savao -- --ind`ind`ind`ind`yaaNaamauVaojak: yaaNaamauVaojak: yaaNaamauVaojak: yaaNaamauVaojak:

ÊsavaoÊsavaoÊsavaoÊsavao -- --ind`yaqaaind`yaqaaind`yaqaaind`yaqaa-- --naamaiBavaaoZa Ê savaSarIQaatuvyaUhkr: ÊsanQaanakr: SanaamaiBavaaoZa Ê savaSarIQaatuvyaUhkr: ÊsanQaanakr: SanaamaiBavaaoZa Ê savaSarIQaatuvyaUhkr: ÊsanQaanakr: SanaamaiBavaaoZa Ê savaSarIQaatuvyaUhkr: ÊsanQaanakr: SarIrsya Ê p`vatrIrsya Ê p`vatrIrsya Ê p`vatrIrsya Ê p`vat----kaovaaca: Ê pkRitspSakaovaaca: Ê pkRitspSakaovaaca: Ê pkRitspSakaovaaca: Ê pkRitspSa----SabdSabdSabdSabdyaao: Ê Eaao~spSayaao: Ê Eaao~spSayaao: Ê Eaao~spSayaao: Ê Eaao~spSa----nayaaomanayaaomanayaaomanayaaoma-- -- UlaM Ê hYaaoUlaM Ê hYaaoUlaM Ê hYaaoUlaM Ê hYaao -- --

%saahyaaoyaao%saahyaaoyaao%saahyaaoyaao%saahyaaoyaao -- --ina: Ê samaIrNaao|gnao: Ê daoYa saMSaaoYaNa: Ê xaoPta baihmaina: Ê samaIrNaao|gnao: Ê daoYa saMSaaoYaNa: Ê xaoPta baihmaina: Ê samaIrNaao|gnao: Ê daoYa saMSaaoYaNa: Ê xaoPta baihmaina: Ê samaIrNaao|gnao: Ê daoYa saMSaaoYaNa: Ê xaoPta baihma-- --laanaaM Ê slaanaaM Ê slaanaaM Ê slaanaaM Ê sqaUlaaNausa`qaUlaaNausa`qaUlaaNausa`qaUlaaNausa`aotaotaotaotsaaM Bao<aa Ê ktasaaM Bao<aa Ê ktasaaM Bao<aa Ê ktasaaM Bao<aa Ê kta---- gaBaagaBaagaBaagaBaa-- --kRitnaamakRitnaamakRitnaamakRitnaama\\ \\ Ê AayauYaao|nauvaRi<a Ê AayauYaao|nauvaRi<a Ê AayauYaao|nauvaRi<a Ê AayauYaao|nauvaRi<a

p`%yayaBaUtao Bava%yakuipt: ÈÈ8 ÈÈ ca.sau.A 12 p`%yayaBaUtao Bava%yakuipt: ÈÈ8 ÈÈ ca.sau.A 12 p`%yayaBaUtao Bava%yakuipt: ÈÈ8 ÈÈ ca.sau.A 12 p`%yayaBaUtao Bava%yakuipt: ÈÈ8 ÈÈ ca.sau.A 12

The vata is the upholder of both, structure and function (in the body). It is the very self of the five forms of

vata in the body viz. prana, udana, samana, vyana and apana. It is the impeller of upward and downward

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(all) movements; controller and initiator of mind; the inspirator of all the senses; the conveyer of all the

sense stimuli; producer of anatomical structure of all the body tissues; synthesizer of body; impeller of

speech;reproducer of touch and words; reproducing cause of touch and audition sense; reproducing place of

happiness and excitement; stimulator of digestive and metabolic activities; dessicator of the morbid

humours; eliminator of all unwanted substances from the body creator and maintenance of all big and small

channels of body; constituter of various fetal forms (various anatomical structures) and in the end as a

conclusion it is proclaimed that Prakrit vayu can also be taken as synonym of life.

It is an interesting thought that Nitric oxide (NO) fully confirms to the ayurvedic concept of “vata” or

“vayu”, since indeed it is a gas (vayu) which constitutes Non-adrenergic, Non- Cholinergic (NANC)

neuronal pathway. Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide (CO) are 2 gases which have a unique two way traffic

in between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons; unlike other neuro transmitters which have a one

way traffic only. Other details of NO like types and their function are given in the book. pg 472 Dr. R.D.

Lele.

Importance of Vata according to Ayurved:

vaayaurayaubavaayaurayaubavaayaurayaubavaayaurayauba-- --laM vaayalaM vaayalaM vaayalaM vaayaiuvaiuvaiuvaiuva-- --Vata SarIirNaVata SarIirNaVata SarIirNaVata SarIirNaamaamaamaama\\ \\ È vaayauivaÈ vaayauivaÈ vaayauivaÈ vaayauiva-- --SvaimadM savaSvaimadM savaSvaimadM savaSvaimadM sava-- -- MM MM MM MM p`Bauvaap`Bauvaap`Bauvaap`Bauvaa-- --yauSca kIityauSca kIityauSca kIityauSca kIit----t: ÈÈ3 ÈÈ ca.ica A.28t: ÈÈ3 ÈÈ ca.ica A.28t: ÈÈ3 ÈÈ ca.ica A.28t: ÈÈ3 ÈÈ ca.ica A.28

ivaSvata p`Bauta ca vaayaaovaaivaSvata p`Bauta ca vaayaaovaaivaSvata p`Bauta ca vaayaaovaaivaSvata p`Bauta ca vaayaaovaa-- --tklaaklaIyao p`itpaidttklaaklaIyao p`itpaidttklaaklaIyao p`itpaidttklaaklaIyao p`itpaidtova È cak`paiNaova È cak`paiNaova È cak`paiNaova È cak`paiNa

Vayu’s ownership of body as God has already been described in vata-kala-kaliya chapter of sutrasthana of

this charak samhita.

Vata is like a synonym of life and energy and also the base of all bodily living creatures. Vayu has been

described to have the capabilityies of the ownership like God of all the universal activities.

AvyaahtgaityaAvyaahtgaityaAvyaahtgaityaAvyaahtgaitya-- --sya sqaanasya: pkRtaO isqat: È vaayau: syaa%saao|iQakM jaIvaoWItraoga: samaa: Satmasya sqaanasya: pkRtaO isqat: È vaayau: syaa%saao|iQakM jaIvaoWItraoga: samaa: Satmasya sqaanasya: pkRtaO isqat: È vaayau: syaa%saao|iQakM jaIvaoWItraoga: samaa: Satmasya sqaanasya: pkRtaO isqat: È vaayau: syaa%saao|iQakM jaIvaoWItraoga: samaa: Satma\\ \\ ÈÈ4 ÈÈÈÈ4 ÈÈÈÈ4 ÈÈÈÈ4 ÈÈ ca.ica.A.28ca.ica.A.28ca.ica.A.28ca.ica.A.28

Avyaahtgait: Apir%Avyaahtgait: Apir%Avyaahtgait: Apir%Avyaahtgait: Apir%ya> svamaagaya> svamaagaya> svamaagaya> svamaaga-- --:::: - which has not been get diverted from its normal channels; sqaanasqa [it na ivamaagasqaanasqa [it na ivamaagasqaanasqa [it na ivamaagasqaanasqa [it na ivamaaga-- --:::: -

which is not being diverted from its normal places; p`kRtaO isqat [it AxaINa vaRwp`kRtaO isqat [it AxaINa vaRwp`kRtaO isqat [it AxaINa vaRwp`kRtaO isqat [it AxaINa vaRw - which is neither in excess nor in

diminished form; vaItraoga [it inavaItraoga [it inavaItraoga [it inavaItraoga [it inaraoga:raoga:raoga:raoga: - without suffering from any disease.

In persons who’s vata is of these qualities he enjoys the life of more than hundred years without suffering

from any disease.

(7) AnaonaaopdoSaona nAnaonaaopdoSaona nAnaonaaopdoSaona nAnaonaaopdoSaona naanaaOYaiQa BaUtM jagait ÈaanaaOYaiQa BaUtM jagait ÈaanaaOYaiQa BaUtM jagait ÈaanaaOYaiQa BaUtM jagait È ikMicad`vyamauplaByato taM taM ikMicad`vyamauplaByato taM taM ikMicad`vyamauplaByato taM taM ikMicad`vyamauplaByato taM taM yaui>maqayaui>maqayaui>maqayaui>maqa-- -- MM M ca tM tmaiBap`o%yaMMM ca tM tmaiBap`o%yaMMM ca tM tmaiBap`o%yaMMM ca tM tmaiBap`o%ya ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ12ÈÈ12ÈÈ12ÈÈ12ÈÈ ca.sau.A.26ca.sau.A.26ca.sau.A.26ca.sau.A.26

According to this preaching there is no substance which cannot be used as drug if they are being used by

widely varying use worthy ideas and for attaining various aims.

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Now if we see the predescription of this reference then we will know that just before this qualities and

effects of Parthiv, Jaliya, Agneya, Vayaviya and Akashiya (having excess of these 5 elements) Dravyas has

been described; which also means that all the living and non-living substances of this universe are the bi-

product of less or excess union of 5 mahabhutas and hence they are bound to have similar qualities and

characteristics and thus according to this principal non living substances will produce the excess or

diminution of substances in living beings.

Honourable Dr.R.D.Lele Sir have given another scientific explanation for this common observation – “

there is seemingly an infinite list of old and new molecules which interact with an ever-expanding array of

cellular targets.” As Charka has said – “ there is in this world no substance that may not be used as medicine

in this or that manner, for this or that purpose.” Pg.486 Dr.R.D. Lele

(8) Ayurved considers disease as disequilibrium at the molecular level and restoration of that equilibrium as

the objective of medicine. The tridosha (kapha,vata,pitta) concept is essentially a concept of molecular

biology.pg 481 Dr.R.D. Lele This concluding and leading statement has been made by Honourable

Dr.R.D.Lele. sir in the year 2000.

(9) In today’s era of molecular medicine, disease is a dissonance due to excessive interaction, absent

interaction or erroneous interaction between signalling molecules and their receptors. This concept is

beautifully described by Ayurved in three words,

Atiyoga - excessive interaction

Ayoga - absent interaction

Mithyayoga – erroneous interaction. Pg486 Dr.R.D.Lele.

kalabauiwind`yaaqaakalabauiwind`yaaqaakalabauiwind`yaaqaakalabauiwind`yaaqaa-- --naaM yaaogaao imaqyaanaM caait ca È d`vyaaEayaaNaaM vyaaiQanaaM i~ivaQaao hotu saMgah ÈÈ54ÈÈ ca.sau. A.1naaM yaaogaao imaqyaanaM caait ca È d`vyaaEayaaNaaM vyaaiQanaaM i~ivaQaao hotu saMgah ÈÈ54ÈÈ ca.sau. A.1naaM yaaogaao imaqyaanaM caait ca È d`vyaaEayaaNaaM vyaaiQanaaM i~ivaQaao hotu saMgah ÈÈ54ÈÈ ca.sau. A.1naaM yaaogaao imaqyaanaM caait ca È d`vyaaEayaaNaaM vyaaiQanaaM i~ivaQaao hotu saMgah ÈÈ54ÈÈ ca.sau. A.1

kalaaqakalaaqakalaaqakalaaqa-- --kmakmakmakma-- --Naa yaaogaao hInaimaqyaaitmaa~k: È samyagyNaa yaaogaao hInaimaqyaaitmaa~k: È samyagyNaa yaaogaao hInaimaqyaaitmaa~k: È samyagyNaa yaaogaao hInaimaqyaaitmaa~k: È samyagyaaaaaogaSaogaSaogaSaogaSca iva&oyaao raogaaraogyaOkkarNamaca iva&oyaao raogaaraogyaOkkarNamaca iva&oyaao raogaaraogyaOkkarNamaca iva&oyaao raogaaraogyaOkkarNama\\ \\ ÈÈ19ÈÈ A.hR.sau.A.1ÈÈ19ÈÈ A.hR.sau.A.1ÈÈ19ÈÈ A.hR.sau.A.1ÈÈ19ÈÈ A.hR.sau.A.1

kala: SaItaoYNavaYakala: SaItaoYNavaYakala: SaItaoYNavaYakala: SaItaoYNavaYa-- --laxaNais~ivaQa: AqaalaxaNais~ivaQa: AqaalaxaNais~ivaQa: AqaalaxaNais~ivaQa: Aqaa-- --: SabdspSa: SabdspSa: SabdspSa: SabdspSa---- $prsaganQaa mahaBaUtgauNaa: È kma$prsaganQaa mahaBaUtgauNaa: È kma$prsaganQaa mahaBaUtgauNaa: È kma$prsaganQaa mahaBaUtgauNaa: È kma-- -- ikyaa kayavaa=manacaoYTaSca È toYaaM yaaoga: sambanQa: Ê ikyaa kayavaa=manacaoYTaSca È toYaaM yaaoga: sambanQa: Ê ikyaa kayavaa=manacaoYTaSca È toYaaM yaaoga: sambanQa: Ê ikyaa kayavaa=manacaoYTaSca È toYaaM yaaoga: sambanQa: Ê

kalaaqakalaaqakalaaqakalaaqa-- --kmakmakmakma-- --Naa yaaoga: È ikmBaUt: hInaimaNaa yaaoga: È ikmBaUt: hInaimaNaa yaaoga: È ikmBaUt: hInaimaNaa yaaoga: È ikmBaUt: hInaimaqyaaitmaa~kstqaa samyagyaaogaXcaoit È yao kalaadInaaM yaogaa hInaimaqyaaitmaa~k: Ê to raogaOkkarNamaqyaaitmaa~kstqaa samyagyaaogaXcaoit È yao kalaadInaaM yaogaa hInaimaqyaaitmaa~k: Ê to raogaOkkarNamaqyaaitmaa~kstqaa samyagyaaogaXcaoit È yao kalaadInaaM yaogaa hInaimaqyaaitmaa~k: Ê to raogaOkkarNamaqyaaitmaa~kstqaa samyagyaaogaXcaoit È yao kalaadInaaM yaogaa hInaimaqyaaitmaa~k: Ê to raogaOkkarNama\\ \\ È È È È

toYaamaova ya: samyagyaaoga: sa AaraogyaOkkarNaM p`QaanakarNaimait È savaatoYaamaova ya: samyagyaaoga: sa AaraogyaOkkarNaM p`QaanakarNaimait È savaatoYaamaova ya: samyagyaaoga: sa AaraogyaOkkarNaM p`QaanakarNaimait È savaatoYaamaova ya: samyagyaaoga: sa AaraogyaOkkarNaM p`QaanakarNaimait È savaa-- --====\\\\ga saundrga saundrga saundrga saundraaaa ¹¹¹¹ A$Nad<a A$Nad<a A$Nad<a A$Nad<a

Three types of seasons (cold, hot and rainy); all types of senses and feelings attained by sense organs and

activities of body, mind, and tongue (speech) all are either of less, excessive or unrequited quality and

quantity; or appropriate quality and quantity. Earlier three types are the main cause of producing various

diseases; whereas last type is the main reproducer of health. All diseases are based on only on mind and

body. Hence these three are the main etiological factors of all the diseases. This is being taken as a hallmark

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concluding statement for all types of aetiologies or pathologies and physiologies of all living beings which

may be elaborated by distinctive appropriately comparative and specific descriptions.

(10) Vata, pitta, kapha and signal transduction-

A look at the table on receptors and signal transduction will show that although the signalling molecules are

diverse, the signal transduction mechanisms are limited viz.

1. Increase or decrease in cAMP or cGMP

2. Increase or decrease in IP3/DAG

3. Increase or decrease in Ca+2 and other ion channels.

Conceptually one can see a close similarity of this with the Ayurvedic concept of vata-vruddhi or

vata shaman, pitta vruddhi or pitta shaman and kapha vruddhi or kapha shaman either individually or

in combination. (vata-pitta, pitta-kapha etc).

Receptor Classification and signal transduction

Receptor Signal transduction

1. Acetyl Choline Muscarinic receptor

M1, M3, M5 IP3 / DAG M2, M4 ↓CAMP

2. Acetyl Choline Nicotinic receptors Na / K/ Ca2++

Muscle type, neuronal type

3. Adenosine(p1 purinoceptors)

A1, A3 ↓ CAMP ↑ IP3 A2a, A2b ↑ CAMP

4. α1 adrenoceptors, α, A, α, B, α, D IP3 / DAG

5. α2 adrenoceptors, α, A, B, C, D ↓CAMP ↓Ca2+(G)

6. β-adrenoceptors β1, β2, β3 ↓CAMP

7. β-amyloid peptide Glutamate neurotoxicity

8. Angiotensin receptors AT1a IP3 / DAG ↓CAMP

AT2 ↑↓ protein tyrosine

Phosphatase

9. Biogenic amino transporters

Dopamine transporters(DAT)

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Norepinephrine transporters(NET)

Serotonin transporter(SET)

10. Bombesine receptors, BB1, BB2 IP3 / DAG

11. Bradykinin receptors,B1,B2 IP3 / DAG,arachidonic

Acid release

12. Calcitonin gene-related peptide

CGRP1 ↑ CAMP↑K+ATP CGRP2 ↑ CAMP amulin ↑ CAMP adrenomedullin ↑ CAMP

13. Calcium channels

Ins P3 receptors ��~ 50 ps2+

Ryanodine receptors RyR1,2,3 100 – 150 ps

14. Calcium channels(vollage gated)

L E-C coupling CV system, Endocrines cells muscle contraction Secretion T cardiac SA node N,P,Q,R neuronal – Neurtransmitter release

15. Cannabionide receptors CB1 ↓CAMP ↓CA2+

CB2 ↓CAMP 16. Cholecystokinin / gastrin CCKA,

CCKB IP3 / DAG 17. Corticotropin - releasing factor receptors

CRF1,CRFza,CRFzb,CRF-BP ↓CAMP 18. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiasterases

PDE1 CAMP,CGMP PDE2 CAMP OR CGMP PDE3, PDE4, PDE7, CAMP PDE5, PDE6 CGMP

19. Cytokinin receptors :

(chemokine receptor family) GXβγ (heamopoetin receptor family) Jak / S T Tumor necrosis receptor family TRAFS

TNFR I,II,III SAPKS FAS ? CD40 TRAP receptors sre-kinase Intutenkin 1 receptor family SAPKS,NFKB

20. Dopamine D1, D5 ↑ CAMP

D2 A,D2 B,D2 C ↓CAMP ↓CA2+

21. Endothelin receptors ETA, ETB,ETC IP3/ DAG, Ca2+

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22. GABAA receptors CL influex

GABAB receptors ↑↓CAMP↑K+ (G)

GABAC receptors CL flux 23. Galanine receptors Gi/ Go protein

Inhibition of adenyl Cyclase close N type Ca Open K channels

24. Glutamate Receptors (G protein family)

mGlu R1, mGlu R5 IP3 / DAG mGlu R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8 ↓CAMP Glutamate Receptors (Ion channel family) NMDA, AMPA, kainite Na+ / K+ / Ca2+

(intrinsic ion channel) 25. Glycine receptor

(strychnine sensitive) Anion channel 26. Hetermeric G proteins ( subunits)

s - stimulatory adenyl cyclases ↑ olf – olfactory epithelium, CNS ganglia gust – taste buds – sweet and / or bitter q PLC β↑

o adenyl cyclase ↓

27. Histamine receptor

H1 ↑ IP3 / DAG H2 ↑CAMP H3 not known

28. Imidazoline – binding sites I1, I2 regulation of

manoamine oxidase 29. Intracellular receptors (steroids)

Estrogen receptor (ER) modulation of Progesterone receptor (PR) gene expression Androgen receptors (AR) by ligand-dependant Glucocortisoid receptors (GR) transcription Mineralocorticoid (GR) factors

30. Intracellular receptors (non-steroid)

Retinoic acid receptors (RAR) βγ ditto

Retinoid X receptors (RXR) βγ

Thyroid hormone receptors (TR) β Vitamin D receptors (VDR)

31. Melatonin receptors

M1 ↓CAMP M2 IP3 ↑

32. Neuropeptidases : integral plasma membrane proteins

33. Neuropeptide γ receptors

γ1a ↓CAMP

γ 2 ↓CAMP ↓ Ca2+

γ 3 not known

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34. Neurotensin receptors IP3 / DAG Ca2+

↓CAMP

35. Octapamine receptors

OA1 ↓ Ca2+

OA2 ↓ CAMP 36. Opioid receptors ↓ CAMP ↑ K+(G)

μ, δ1 ↓ CAMP

κ ↓ Ca2+(G)

37. Potassium channels

ATP sensitive Voltage – sensitive Ca2+ activated

38. P2 purinoceptors P2X, P2Z, P2T Intrisic cation channel

P2Y, P2U, P2D ↑ IP3 / DAG

39. Serotonin receptor family (13 members)

5HT1A, 1B, 1D, 1E, 1F ↑ CAMP 5HT2A, 2B, 2C IP 3/ DAG 5HT3 ligand-gated cation Channel 5HT4,5HT6 ,5HT7 ↑ CAMP 5HT5 Unknown

40. Sigma receptors G,G1,G2 Not known

41. Sodium channels

Tetrodotoxin –sensitive I,II II A,III Tetrodotoxin –resistant h1

42. Somatostatin receptors

SSTR1 ↓ CAMP ↓ Na+ / H exchange SSTR3, SSTR5 ↓ Camp IP3 / DAG SSTR2 ↑ K+ channels

IP3 / DAG ↓ Ca2+ ↓cAMP SSTR4 ↓ CAMP ↑ PLA / MAP kinase

43. Tachy kinin receptors IP3 / DAG

NK1 (substance P) NK2, NK3 (neurokinin A,B)

44. Vanilloid receptors

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(capsaicin receptors) cation channel (nm-selective)

45. Vasoactive Inestinal Peptide (VIP)

VIP1, VIP2 ↑CAMP PACAP ↑CAMP IP3 / DAG

46. Vasopressin / oxytocin receptors

V1a, V1b, OT IP3 / DAG

V2 ↑CAMP

(11) Uniqueness of the individual patient - The greatest impact of the human Genome Project on clinical

practice is the appreciation of the extraordinary molecular and biochemeical individuality of each person.

Gene polymorphism occurs in 1 in 1000 DNA base pairs in the human genome. At least 28% of all gene loci

harbour polymorphic alleles that vary among individuals. Such large degree of variation in normal genes

provide the substrate for variations in genetic predisposition with which environmental factors can interact.

These are reflected in the diversity of gene products – structural proteins, enzymes, receptors, channel

proteins etc. at the molecular level mutant genes leading to altered gene products provide and understanding

of both positive contributors to health and longetivity, temperament and behavior, as well as negative

contributors (susceptibility to disease). It must be appreciated that genes interact with environment hence a

genetic defect will not necessarily result in disease if environment is not hostile. For instance every female

with a BRCA-I gene need not develop breast cancer or ovarian cancer.

Ayurveda has the concept, that each individual has his own “Prakruti” and treatment has to be tailored to the

individual’s prakruti. This concept will now assume great importance especially in the context of drug

therapy with powerful modern drugs. Pg509 Dr.R.D.Lele.

t~ p`kR%yaadIt~ p`kR%yaadIt~ p`kR%yaadIt~ p`kR%yaadInananana\\ \\ BaavaananauvBaavaananauvBaavaananauvBaavaananauvyaa#yaasma: È tVqaa Sauk`SaaoiNayaa#yaasma: È tVqaa Sauk`SaaoiNayaa#yaasma: È tVqaa Sauk`SaaoiNayaa#yaasma: È tVqaa Sauk`SaaoiNat pkRitM Ê kalagaBaat pkRitM Ê kalagaBaat pkRitM Ê kalagaBaat pkRitM Ê kalagaBaa-- --Saya p`kRitM Ê Aaturaharivahar p`kRitM Ê mahaBaUtivakar Saya p`kRitM Ê Aaturaharivahar p`kRitM Ê mahaBaUtivakar Saya p`kRitM Ê Aaturaharivahar p`kRitM Ê mahaBaUtivakar Saya p`kRitM Ê Aaturaharivahar p`kRitM Ê mahaBaUtivakar

p`kRitM ca gaBaap`kRitM ca gaBaap`kRitM ca gaBaap`kRitM ca gaBaa-- --SarIrmapoxatoSarIrmapoxatoSarIrmapoxatoSarIrmapoxato ÈÈ95ÈÈ ca.iva.A.8ÈÈ95ÈÈ ca.iva.A.8ÈÈ95ÈÈ ca.iva.A.8ÈÈ95ÈÈ ca.iva.A.8

We shall now explain the charachteristics of habitus (diathesis) etc. it is thus – habitus formed by qualities

of semen and ovum; habitus formed by seasonal / time bound qualities of womb (uterus); habitus based on

the nature of the mother’s diet and behavior; and the habitus formed by the qualities of a peculiar union

(both qualitative and quantitative) of mahabhootas; on the basis of these variable factors the peculiar habitus

of the fetus is being decided and formed.

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t~ p`kRitjaat~ p`kRitjaat~ p`kRitjaat~ p`kRitjaa-- --iiiitp`sa>a ca Ê kulapsa>a ca Ê doSaanaupaitina ca Ê kalaanaupaitina ca Ê vayaao|naupaitina ca Ê p`%yaa%mainayata caoit ÈÈ5ÈÈ tp`sa>a ca Ê kulapsa>a ca Ê doSaanaupaitina ca Ê kalaanaupaitina ca Ê vayaao|naupaitina ca Ê p`%yaa%mainayata caoit ÈÈ5ÈÈ tp`sa>a ca Ê kulapsa>a ca Ê doSaanaupaitina ca Ê kalaanaupaitina ca Ê vayaao|naupaitina ca Ê p`%yaa%mainayata caoit ÈÈ5ÈÈ tp`sa>a ca Ê kulapsa>a ca Ê doSaanaupaitina ca Ê kalaanaupaitina ca Ê vayaao|naupaitina ca Ê p`%yaa%mainayata caoit ÈÈ5ÈÈ

ca.[.A.1ca.[.A.1ca.[.A.1ca.[.A.1

Habitus of various individual are also has been found to be varying on the basis of individual’s caste,

individual’s family history, individual’s work and birth place, individual’s peculiarities related with seasons,

individual’s age and individual’s self peculiarities also.

It will be erroneous to consider all patient populations as a homogenous group, an assumption made in

controlled clinical trials for therapy. This concept may well change the design of future clinical trials. Pg511

Dr.R.D.Lele.

(12) Adverse drug reactions and metabolism (Pg509 Dr.R.D. Lele):

The human body is exposed to drugs, chemicals including alcohol and various compounds in the

environment. Most of these compounds undergo chemical alterations in the body catysed by atleast 50

different enzymes, the liver being the main organ involved, containing the highest amount of of enzymes

followed by the small intestine. Three families of human cytochrome P450 enzymes I, II, III are concerned

with drug metabolism. Genetic differences in the catalytic activity of 450 may determine adverse,

idiosyncratic or untoward reactions to drugs.

This may be illustrated by some examples –

Cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases have isoforms with different substrate specificatities with multiple

pathways. Some individuals are extensive metabolisers (EM), some intermediate metabolosers (IM) and

some poor metabolisers (PM). The same dose of chlorpromazine may show 10 fold variation between two

individuals.

CYP2D6 is a metabolic pathway for many important drugs (anti arrhythmic, beta blockers, tricyclic anti

depressants, neuroleptic drugs, selective serotonin receptor inhibitors etc.). Poor metabolisers (PM

Phenotype) may show exaggerated drug effect on the same dose of delirisoquin which is poorly metabolized

in individuals with a mutant gene for P450 II D6. This can now be detected by PCR anmpification and

thereby avoid serius consequences due to improper dosage.

CYP2C9 is concerned with the metabolism of Warferin and Phenytoin. There can be 100-200 fold

difference in clearance of mephenytoin between EM and PM Phenotypes, there by causing toxicity in PM

Phenotypes on the same dose.

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TPMT (thiopurine S- methyl transferase) is an enzyme which inactivates Azathioprine. A useful

immunosuppressive drug on the “usual” dose PM Phenotypes show excessive bone marrow suppression,

while EM Phenotypes do not show the optimal effect. Pg 510 Dr.R.D.Lele.

This type of metabolic pathway based or specific compound based inactivater type metabolic based variable

concepts has not been described in Ayurveda but concept of metabolism (Agni) has been given utmost

importance in 2 forms as under –

i. $xaina%yastud$xaina%yastud$xaina%yastud$xaina%yastudIPtaigavyaaIPtaigavyaaIPtaigavyaaIPtaigavyaa-- --yaamaI maa$tmayaI È va=yaamaI maa$tmayaI È va=yaamaI maa$tmayaI È va=yaamaI maa$tmayaI È va=\\\\xaNaEaaonyaudavaR<a vaataXcaahaxaNaEaaonyaudavaR<a vaataXcaahaxaNaEaaonyaudavaR<a vaataXcaahaxaNaEaaonyaudavaR<a vaataXcaaha-- -- idnao idnao ÈÈ46ÈÈidnao idnao ÈÈ46ÈÈidnao idnao ÈÈ46ÈÈidnao idnao ÈÈ46ÈÈ

eYaaM caaSau jaraM snaohao yaa%yambau isaktaisvava È Atao|nyaoYaaM ~eYaaM caaSau jaraM snaohao yaa%yambau isaktaisvava È Atao|nyaoYaaM ~eYaaM caaSau jaraM snaohao yaa%yambau isaktaisvava È Atao|nyaoYaaM ~eYaaM caaSau jaraM snaohao yaa%yambau isaktaisvava È Atao|nyaoYaaM ~\\\\yahatyahatyahatyahat\\\\ p`aya: snaohM pcait pavak: ÈÈ47ÈÈ ca.isa.A.4p`aya: snaohM pcait pavak: ÈÈ47ÈÈ ca.isa.A.4p`aya: snaohM pcait pavak: ÈÈ47ÈÈ ca.isa.A.4p`aya: snaohM pcait pavak: ÈÈ47ÈÈ ca.isa.A.4

Persons having always dryness in the body, having good appetite, indulged in physical exercise suffering

from vata diseases having diseases of inguinal or perineal region and suffering from gaseous abdominal

distension should be given Anuvasana basti (oliation enema) daily because oil is being readily absorbed and

utilized in them like water is being absorbed in sandy soil, except these in common persons oleation enema

should be given on every third day.

ii. raogaa savaoraogaa savaoraogaa savaoraogaa savao -- --|ip mando|ip mando|ip mando|ip mandoggggnaaO sautramaudrnaaO sautramaudrnaaO sautramaudrnaaO sautramaudraiNa ca È AjaINaaaiNa ca È AjaINaaaiNa ca È AjaINaaaiNa ca È AjaINaa-- --nna mailanaOXcaannaOjaanna mailanaOXcaannaOjaanna mailanaOXcaannaOjaanna mailanaOXcaannaOjaa-- --yanto malasaHcayayanto malasaHcayayanto malasaHcayayanto malasaHcayaatatatat\\\\ ÈÈ2ÈÈ A.saM.ina.A.12ÈÈ2ÈÈ A.saM.ina.A.12ÈÈ2ÈÈ A.saM.ina.A.12ÈÈ2ÈÈ A.saM.ina.A.12

All the diseases are being produced by mandagni (lower metabolic capacity) and udar (ascites) is

specifically being produced by mandagni, due to indigestion of food, consumption of unclean and

adulterated food leading to accumulation of unwanted substances in belly.

AayauvaAayauvaAayauvaAayauva-- --NaaO balaM svaasqyamau%saahaopcayaaO pBaa È AaojastojaNaaO balaM svaasqyamau%saahaopcayaaO pBaa È AaojastojaNaaO balaM svaasqyamau%saahaopcayaaO pBaa È AaojastojaNaaO balaM svaasqyamau%saahaopcayaaO pBaa È Aaojastojaaaaao|gnaya: paNaaXcaao>a dohaignahotuka: ÈÈ3ÈÈo|gnaya: paNaaXcaao>a dohaignahotuka: ÈÈ3ÈÈo|gnaya: paNaaXcaao>a dohaignahotuka: ÈÈ3ÈÈo|gnaya: paNaaXcaao>a dohaignahotuka: ÈÈ3ÈÈ

Saanto|gnaaO ima`yato Ê yau>o icarM jaIvaya%yanaamaya: È raogaI syaaiWkRto Ê maUlamaignastsmaainna$cyato ÈÈ4Saanto|gnaaO ima`yato Ê yau>o icarM jaIvaya%yanaamaya: È raogaI syaaiWkRto Ê maUlamaignastsmaainna$cyato ÈÈ4Saanto|gnaaO ima`yato Ê yau>o icarM jaIvaya%yanaamaya: È raogaI syaaiWkRto Ê maUlamaignastsmaainna$cyato ÈÈ4Saanto|gnaaO ima`yato Ê yau>o icarM jaIvaya%yanaamaya: È raogaI syaaiWkRto Ê maUlamaignastsmaainna$cyato ÈÈ4ÈÈ ca.ica.A.15ÈÈ ca.ica.A.15ÈÈ ca.ica.A.15ÈÈ ca.ica.A.15

Longitivity of life, colour of body, health, energetic behaviour, nourishment, lustre, essence of body tissues,

heat , tissue metabolism and respiration are generated by body metabolic capacity. All living beings die if

their metabolic capacity stops and if this metabolic capacity works properly then they leave a long and a

healthy life; if this metabolic capacity does not function properly then all living beings become diseased.

Hence this metabolic capacity is the root of all above variables of all living beings.

AignaM jarNaSa>yaa prIxaot ÈÈ8ÈÈ ca.iva.A.5AignaM jarNaSa>yaa prIxaot ÈÈ8ÈÈ ca.iva.A.5AignaM jarNaSa>yaa prIxaot ÈÈ8ÈÈ ca.iva.A.5AignaM jarNaSa>yaa prIxaot ÈÈ8ÈÈ ca.iva.A.5

This metabolic capacity should be assessed on the digestive capacity.

AaharSai>tXcaoit Aahar Sai>rByavahrNAaharSai>tXcaoit Aahar Sai>rByavahrNAaharSai>tXcaoit Aahar Sai>rByavahrNAaharSai>tXcaoit Aahar Sai>rByavahrNaaaa Sa>yaa jarNaSa>yaa ca prIxyaa: Ê balaayauYaI (aharyato ÈÈ20ÈÈ ca.iva.A.8Sa>yaa jarNaSa>yaa ca prIxyaa: Ê balaayauYaI (aharyato ÈÈ20ÈÈ ca.iva.A.8Sa>yaa jarNaSa>yaa ca prIxyaa: Ê balaayauYaI (aharyato ÈÈ20ÈÈ ca.iva.A.8Sa>yaa jarNaSa>yaa ca prIxyaa: Ê balaayauYaI (aharyato ÈÈ20ÈÈ ca.iva.A.8

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Digestive capacity of all living beings is assessed on the basis of diet injesting (eating) and diet digesting

capacity.

(13) Ayurvedic immunomodulatory drugs pg 480-481

Dr. S. S. Agrawal and V. K. Singh have extensively reviewed Ayurvedic medicinal plants for their

imunomodulatory properties Immunostimulants, immunosuppressants and immunoadjuvants. Upadhyaya

has brought out two monographs viz. immunomodulation and immunopharrnacology based on proceedings

of national symposia on the subject. A list of plants identified to have these. properties is given below.

Prominent among them are Haldi, Neem, Shatawari, katuka, and Guduchi.

Clinically proven immunomodulatory Ayurvedic drugs :

1. Ashwagandha (withania somnifera)

2. Aparajita (Clitoria ternatea)

3. Beheda (Terminalia beterica)

4. Daruharidra (Berberis aristata)

5. Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia)

6. Haridra (termeric) (curcuma longa)

7 . Isharmal (Aristolochia indica)

8. Jatamansi (Nardostahys jatamansi)

9. Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata)

10. Katuka (Picrorrhiza kurroa)

11. Kumari (Aloe Vera)

12. Lashuna (garlic) (alium sativam)

13. Neem (Azadirachta indica)

14. Shatawari (Asparagus racemosus)

15.Shirish (Albizzja lebbek)

(14) DNA repair enzymes :

Much recent knowledge has been acquired about DNA replication and repair mechanisms in the events of

DNA damage. Environmental, Physical and Chemical agents cause 4 types of DNA damage : single base

alteration; two base alteration; chain break and cross linkage The cell has 4 mechanisms of DNA repairs —

viz mis-match repairs, base, excision repair; nucleotide excision repair and double strand break repair. Their

repair mechanisms exploit redundancy of information inherent in the double helical DNA structure. The

defective region in one strand can be returned to its original form by relying on the complimentary

information stored in the unaffected strand.

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Nature has provided a guardian gene-P53 as a transcriptional regulator of genes involved in the cell cycle. It

acts as a G1 check point. If DNA damage has occurred, the activity of P53 gene transcription ensure two

things :

1. The cell will not go into replication cycle, so as to allow time for repair of damage DNA.

2. If the DNA damage is not repaired, P53 activates a programme of apoptosis — cell death thereby

eliminating any further possibility of replication.

Hence P53 is described as the guardian of the genome and as a "molecular policeman". It is interesting to

note that P53 mutation (making it non-functioning) is observed in most human cancers. The old concept of

cancer resulting from a "single hit" is now given up as cancer is a multi-hit process in which several cancer

preventing genes (eg. P53, Rb, APC, DCC) are knocked out and many cancer-stimulating genes (eg. bC12,

kRas) are activated.

The concept of Reundency has been described in Ayurved also but in a different context as under-

yad yadyad yadyad yadyad yad\\\\ d`vyao rsaadInaaM balava%vaod`vyao rsaadInaaM balava%vaod`vyao rsaadInaaM balava%vaod`vyao rsaadInaaM balava%vaonananana vatvatvatvat----tttt ooooÈÈ23ÈÈÈÈ23ÈÈÈÈ23ÈÈÈÈ23ÈÈ

AiBaBaUyaotraMst%tkarNa%vaM p`pVtoAiBaBaUyaotraMst%tkarNa%vaM p`pVtoAiBaBaUyaotraMst%tkarNa%vaM p`pVtoAiBaBaUyaotraMst%tkarNa%vaM p`pVto È È È È iva$w gauNasaMyaaogao BaUyasaa|lpM ih jaIyatoiva$w gauNasaMyaaogao BaUyasaa|lpM ih jaIyatoiva$w gauNasaMyaaogao BaUyasaa|lpM ih jaIyatoiva$w gauNasaMyaaogao BaUyasaa|lpM ih jaIyato ÈÈ24ÈÈÈÈ24ÈÈÈÈ24ÈÈÈÈ24ÈÈ A.).sau.A.1 A.).sau.A.1 A.).sau.A.1 A.).sau.A.1

When any substance/drug have opposite Pharmacological properties then the potent properties generate their

effects on body tissue by conquering the feeble and opposite properties both either in quantity or capacity.

Hence when ever opposite properties operate at the same time and place, the weaker one are always

conquered by the potent one.

(15) Blockage of this enzyme present downstream activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Considering

the multifarious properties ascribed to each one of the popularly used Ayurvedic drug such as Ashwagandha,

Guduchi, Katuka, Shatavari etc. it is most likely that their targets are shared by many cell systems and

shared cell membrane components - eg. phosphalipase A2, phospholipase C, adenyl cyclase, cyclic

nucleotide phosphodiesterases, eicosanoids, autonomic neuroreceptors, adenosine receptors, ion channels &

cell adhesion molecules Stress activated protein kinase (SAPK2) is an enzyme highly activated by bacterial

lipopolysaccharides and cytokines. Blockage of this enzyme prevents downstream activation of pro-

inflammatory cytokines. Many Ayurvedic Rasayan drugs could possibly act by blocking this enzyme - a

testable hypothesis using mechanism based screening.

(16) Molecular pharmacology provides a new interface between Ayurveda and modern medicine. Based on

experiential wisdom, Charak, Sushruta & Vagbhat described 700 herbal drugs with their properties and

clinical effects. Based on clinical effects they described 50 categories of drugs such as appetisers, digestive

stimulants, laxatives, anti-diarrhea, anti-emetic, anti-haemorrhoid, anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic, anti-

asthmatic, anti-epileptic, anti-helminthic, haemopietic, haemostatic, analgesic, sedative, promoters of life,

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promoters of strength, complexion, voice, semen and sperm breast milk secretion, fracture & wound healing,

destroyers of kidney stones etc. (see page 387): Based on our current knowledge of molecular pharmacology

we can attempt the characterization of Ayurvedic drugs at the molecular level. One example illustrates this

approach. Reserpine acts by blocking pre-synaptic neuronal vesicular reuptake and storage of monoamine-

norepinephrine, dopamine & serotonin.

(17) savasavasavasava-- -- M savaaM savaaM savaaM savaa-- -- %ma%ma%ma%makaimait yaqaao>makaimait yaqaao>makaimait yaqaao>makaimait yaqaao>ma\\ \\ jalaBaUmyaaojalaBaUmyaaojalaBaUmyaaojalaBaUmyaao:::: pairNaimpairNaimpairNaimpairNaimakM rsaaid vaOakM rsaaid vaOakM rsaaid vaOakM rsaaid vaOSSSSva$PyaM sqaavava$PyaM sqaavava$PyaM sqaavava$PyaM sqaavaroYau dRYTmaroYau dRYTmaroYau dRYTmaroYau dRYTma\\ \\ tqaa sqaavaraNaaM ja=gamtqaa sqaavaraNaaM ja=gamtqaa sqaavaraNaaM ja=gamtqaa sqaavaraNaaM ja=gamaoYau ja=gamaanaaM aoYau ja=gamaanaaM aoYau ja=gamaanaaM aoYau ja=gamaanaaM

sqaavaroiYva%sqaavaroiYva%sqaavaroiYva%sqaavaroiYva%yaovaM jaa%yanaucCodona savayaovaM jaa%yanaucCodona savayaovaM jaa%yanaucCodona savayaovaM jaa%yanaucCodona sava-- -- M savaaM savaaM savaaM savaa-- -- %makma%makma%makma%makma\\ \\ ÈÈÈÈ pana naM.pana naM.pana naM.pana naM. 355 vyaasa BaaYya patHjala yaaoga dSa355 vyaasa BaaYya patHjala yaaoga dSa355 vyaasa BaaYya patHjala yaaoga dSa355 vyaasa BaaYya patHjala yaaoga dSa-- --nananana

On the basis of similarity of fundamental constituents all substances are alike or creater of each other as has

been said –By the transformation of liquid and earth in to nourishing substance like Rasa etc for all the

living beings, is being observed in all plant kingdom (Herbs) and in turn, all living being oblige the plant

kingdom in various ways for their production and growth. Hence on the basis of intention of common

goodness or constituent particles everything of this universe is the creator of everything.

Molecular recognition is a fundamental feature of all biological process encompassing ligand

receptor , enzyme - substrate and antigen antibody reactions. Pg 482 Dr.R.D. Lele

Solar energy is crucial for life on this planet. Sunlight provides the energy for Photosynthesis by which

green leaves of plants make organic molecules and which sustains life directly or indirectly. pg 123 Dr.R.D.

Lele.

(18) Chemoprevention of cancer: Chemoprevention of cancer is a relatively new concept. It involves the use

of specific natural or synthetic chemical agents to reverse, suppress or prevent carcinogenesis before the

development of invasive malignancy.

Cancer develops through an accumulation of genetic changes that are potential points of intervention to

prevent cancer; like most human diseases; cancer arises through an interaction between genetics and

environmental exposures. Initiating agents can be tobacco smoking, ultraviolet rays of sunlight, viruses,

chemical pollutants etc. Promoting agents include hormones (androgens for prostate cancer, estrogens for

breast & ovarian cancer). Antioxidants, anti proliferatives and anti-mutagenics can be used for this purpose.

Many Ayurvedic herbal drugs with antioxidant and immuno-stimulant properties are ideal candidates for

chemoprevention of cancer. This hypothesis should be tested by a planned randomised placebo-controlled

clinical trial on a large population.

(19) Conclusion of the chapter Molecular biology a New interface Between Ayurveda and Modern

Medicine:

Although there can be no one-to-one parallel between the 2 vocabularies the modern Vaidya may think of

assimilating all the 20th Century knowledge of molecular biology to expand his old concepts which are also

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derived from molecular biology. This is what the spirit of Charak, Sushrut and Vagbhat would expect of

him. Pg 487 Dr. R. D. Lele

20 Ancient Indians gave deep thoughts to the mind and spirit. Great stress was laid down on mind control

“Chittavritti –Nirodha” .Adding an ethical and moral dimension to health is a unique approach of Ayurveda.

Twentieth century biology leaves out any consideration of the “spirit” which is boldly tackled by Ayurveda.

In the wise words of Weiszacket “The physical view of the world is not wrong in what asserts, but in what it

leaves out. pg 516 Dr. R.D. Lele

Discussion and Conclusions:

i. Medicine still does not have the coherent structure of a fully developed science pg 94 Dr. R.D. Lele

ii. On the basis of the above mentioned all 19-20 points we can say that final concluding observations of

Ayurved and Modern Medicine are quite similar to each other.

iii. In all these 20 points we found that the final observations of facts related with human health and life are

quite similar according to Ayurved and Modern Medicine ; but the answer of How and Why is completely

different as Ayurved provides the answer of how and why on the basis of darshnik concepts ; whereas

Modern Medicine provides the answer of how and why on the basis of scientific facts .The answer of how

and why are most important for the doctors or Vaidyas because they provide us the crucial points of

intervention, for attainment of good health by both Pathies.

iv. Some of the similar and concluding observations have been scientifically and more elaborately studied by

Modern Medicine are mentioned in Point No.1,2,3,5,,8,10,12,14,15,16,18 and 20 equally both are point no

6,7,11 and 17.

v. Some of the similar concluding observations who’s more detail but conceptual description has been

provided by Ayurved includes point No.4,9,13 and equally both containing points are 6,7,11,17

vi. After making a comparative critical and relevant point wise analytical study , it appears that both life

sciences i.e. Ayurved and Modern Medicine are more complimentary to each other rather than opponent to

each other (based on mostly all points )

vii. After leaving aside some of the exceptions; on the basis of 3 points i.e. 5,13, and 17.

We can conclude that according to modern science also most of the Ayurvedic Herbal drugs are like

Ambrosia / Nectar for all human and living beings.

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The exceptional substances like poison also, if can be utilised by adopting a specific planning and aim then

they also can be used as life saving medicines.

Ai`k`Ai`k`Ai`k`Ai`k`yaayaaM Qau`vaao maR%yauyaayaaM Qau`vaao maR%yauyaayaaM Qau`vaao maR%yauyaayaaM Qau`vaao maR%yau: ik`yaayaaM saMSayaao Bavaot: ik`yaayaaM saMSayaao Bavaot: ik`yaayaaM saMSayaao Bavaot: ik`yaayaaM saMSayaao Bavaot È È È È evamaa#yaaya tsyaodmanau&at: sau)dgevamaa#yaaya tsyaodmanau&at: sau)dgevamaa#yaaya tsyaodmanau&at: sau)dgevamaa#yaaya tsyaodmanau&at: sau)dg\\\\aNaOaNaOaNaOaNaO:::: ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ111177ÈÈ77ÈÈ77ÈÈ77ÈÈ

panaBaaojanaM saMyau>M ivaYamasmaO ppanaBaaojanaM saMyau>M ivaYamasmaO ppanaBaaojanaM saMyau>M ivaYamasmaO ppanaBaaojanaM saMyau>M ivaYamasmaO p`yaaojayaot `yaaojayaot `yaaojayaot `yaaojayaot È È È È yaismanayaismanayaismanayaismana\\ \\ vaa kuivaa kuivaa kuivaa kuipt: sapaopt: sapaopt: sapaopt: sapao-- -- ivasaRjaoiw flao ivaivasaRjaoiw flao ivaivasaRjaoiw flao ivaivasaRjaoiw flao ivaYamaYamaYamaYama ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ111178ÈÈ78ÈÈ78ÈÈ78ÈÈ

Baaojayao<adudirNaM p`ivacaayaBaaojayao<adudirNaM p`ivacaayaBaaojayao<adudirNaM p`ivacaayaBaaojayao<adudirNaM p`ivacaaya-- -- iBaYagvar: iBaYagvar: iBaYagvar: iBaYagvar: È È È È totototonaasya daoYa saMGaat: isqaraolaInaao ivamaaganaasya daoYa saMGaat: isqaraolaInaao ivamaaganaasya daoYa saMGaat: isqaraolaInaao ivamaaganaasya daoYa saMGaat: isqaraolaInaao ivamaaga-- --ga:ga:ga:ga: ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ111179ÈÈ79ÈÈ79ÈÈ79ÈÈ

ivaYaoNaaSau p`maaiqa%vaadaSau iBanna: p`vativaYaoNaaSau p`maaiqa%vaadaSau iBanna: p`vativaYaoNaaSau p`maaiqa%vaadaSau iBanna: p`vativaYaoNaaSau p`maaiqa%vaadaSau iBanna: p`vat----to:to:to:to: ÈÈÈÈ ca.ica.A.13ca.ica.A.13ca.ica.A.13ca.ica.A.13

In the patient of Ascites where all treatments have failed a good Vaidya should state to the relatives of pt

that “If we don’t treat the patient ,he will certainly die and if we treat him he may survive” then by taking

the permission of all concerning relatives poison should be administered along with food or drinks. The fruit

which has been bitten by angry and poisonous snake should be eaten by the patient of ascites by this the

accumulated hardened and assimilated doshas in the tissues of the patient by immediate irritation get

separated from the body tissues of the patient.

viii. Honourable Dr.Ramchandra Lele Sir who have authored more than 10 books also have provided 2-2

editions of most of those books; who have received several outstanding awards including Padma Bhushan;

who has been the pioneer of Nuclear Medicine in our country ; who has been most popular among his

students which are highly placed in society as a most dedicated person of medical faculty ‘ who also took

the nearly impossible endeavour of reading the basic samhitas of Ayurved i.e. Charak, Sushrut and Vagbhat

and that too the original Sanskrit description without relying on the translators or commentators and that too

after mastering the Modern Medicine. All these and other such outstanding peculiarities certainly make him

a for fatherly figure in the field of Medicine .According to Ayurved and Darshan he fulfills all the necessary

requirement of Aapt; who always speak the truth because they don’t have the requirement of telling a lie.

Such a legendry and towering personality if opines confidently that the concept of Ayurved have been

derived by molecular biology and without stopping here he also provides more than 15 -20 undiscardable

examples from both sciences; there is no reason with us for not relying upon these hard facts recognised and

appreciated by himself.

The most sorrowful fact regarding these happening is these golden observations and decision were

given by him to us in the year 2000, i.e. nearly 12 years back then the hallmark questions is what are we

doing for these many years and why we are not utilising the valuable decisions given by Hon. Dr.R.D.Lele

Sir, for the betterment of our faculty and society at large. If all of us have become so self centred that we

completely ignored the divine contributions of Dr. R.D.Lele sir, then how our faculty and science will

flourish. It has been rightly said that heroes are not borne but they are formed by their outstanding deeds and

the heartily appreciation and support from their dedicated supporters /followers,

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ix. The author has the sufficient basis to confidently state that “The authentic and properly interpreted

references related with spiritual and philosophical descriptions of Ayurved of Indian Philosophy are most

desperately sought by eminent Western Scientists and society even today and that too up to the level of

madness.”

x. On the basis of earlier all description of this article we can conclude that Ayurvedic science which is

based on Philosophy if learned properly by making a comparative study with Modern Medicine then we still

have unimaginable stocks of potentials which still require to be explored and used properly as mentioned.

e<admaRtM saaxaajjagadayaasa vaijae<admaRtM saaxaajjagadayaasa vaijae<admaRtM saaxaajjagadayaasa vaijae<admaRtM saaxaajjagadayaasa vaija-- --tmatmatmatma\\ \\ ÈÈÈÈ yaait hyaait hyaait hyaait hlaahlaahlaahlaahlalalala%vaM tu saVao duBaa%vaM tu saVao duBaa%vaM tu saVao duBaa%vaM tu saVao duBaa-- --jana isqatmajana isqatmajana isqatmajana isqatma\\ \\ ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ 47 ÈÈ47 ÈÈ47 ÈÈ47 ÈÈ A.A.A.A.h.].A.40h.].A.40h.].A.40h.].A.40

This Ayurvedic science is in itself a nectar (Ambrosia) which is easily attainable; certainly not requiring

great efforts like grinding of occasions by Devils and angels ; but it immediately and definitely becomes

very potent poison if practised by crooked persons.

Way of exploration of potentials in Ayurved :

The essence of a therapeutic experiment in the treatment of a disease lies in comparision . All science is

measurement, and all true measurement is essentially comparative. Pg. 54 Dr. R.D. Lele.

eeeekMkMkMkMM Saas~maQaIyaanaao na ivaVacCas~inaScayamaM Saas~maQaIyaanaao na ivaVacCas~inaScayamaM Saas~maQaIyaanaao na ivaVacCas~inaScayamaM Saas~maQaIyaanaao na ivaVacCas~inaScayama\\ \\ ÈÈÈÈ ttttsmaadbsmaadbsmaadbsmaadb\\\\ahuEautahuEautahuEautahuEaut: Saas~M ivajaainayaaiccaik%sak: Saas~M ivajaainayaaiccaik%sak: Saas~M ivajaainayaaiccaik%sak: Saas~M ivajaainayaaiccaik%sak:::: ÈÈ7ÈÈÈÈ7ÈÈÈÈ7ÈÈÈÈ7ÈÈ sau.saU. A.4sau.saU. A.4sau.saU. A.4sau.saU. A.4

bahuEautao|~ saMibahuEautao|~ saMibahuEautao|~ saMibahuEautao|~ saMixaPtanaaPyaqaaxaPtanaaPyaqaaxaPtanaaPyaqaaxaPtanaaPyaqaa-- --nananana\\ \\ baIjaBaUtananbaIjaBaUtananbaIjaBaUtananbaIjaBaUtananyaSaas~ AyaSaas~ AyaSaas~ AyaSaas~ AasaMskaradnaayaasaonaavagacCit ÈasaMskaradnaayaasaonaavagacCit ÈasaMskaradnaayaasaonaavagacCit ÈasaMskaradnaayaasaonaavagacCit È DlhNaDlhNaDlhNaDlhNa

Bahushrut Vaidya is one who on the basis of essence knowledge of other sciences is capable of

understanding the very précised meaning like seeds; in an effortless style.

The person who reads only one science cannot understand the real sense of that science; hence a Vaidya

should try to become Bahushrut and on the basis of that he should learn the Ayurved (Medical Science)

eeeekismannaipkismannaipkismannaipkismannaip yasyyasyyasyyasyaaaaohohohohM M M M Saas~o labQaaspda maitSaas~o labQaaspda maitSaas~o labQaaspda maitSaas~o labQaaspda mait:::: ÈÈÈÈ sa Saas~manyadPyaaSau yaui>&%vaatsa Saas~manyadPyaaSau yaui>&%vaatsa Saas~manyadPyaaSau yaui>&%vaatsa Saas~manyadPyaaSau yaui>&%vaat\\\\ pbauQyatopbauQyatopbauQyatopbauQyato ÈÈ47ÈÈÈÈ47ÈÈÈÈ47ÈÈÈÈ47ÈÈ cacacaca.isa. A. 12.isa. A. 12.isa. A. 12.isa. A. 12

The person who have attained the mastery of one science; then on the basis of appropriate comparative

study, he easily can achieve the mastery of other relevant science also.

na caOva (na caOva (na caOva (na caOva (ist sautramaayauvaoist sautramaayauvaoist sautramaayauvaoist sautramaayauvao -- --dsya parM tsmaadp`ma<a: SaSvadsya parM tsmaadp`ma<a: SaSvadsya parM tsmaadp`ma<a: SaSvadsya parM tsmaadp`ma<a: SaSvadiBadiBadiBadiBayaaogamaismanayaaogamaismanayaaogamaismanayaaogamaismana\\ \\ gacCotgacCotgacCotgacCot\\\\ , etcca kaya, etcca kaya, etcca kaya, etcca kaya-- --mamamama\\ \\ ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸ evaM BaUyaSca vaR<asaaevaM BaUyaSca vaR<asaaevaM BaUyaSca vaR<asaaevaM BaUyaSca vaR<asaaOYzvamanasaUyataM proByaao OYzvamanasaUyataM proByaao OYzvamanasaUyataM proByaao OYzvamanasaUyataM proByaao

|PyaaMgamaiyatvyaM kR%snaao|PyaaMgamaiyatvyaM kR%snaao|PyaaMgamaiyatvyaM kR%snaao|PyaaMgamaiyatvyaM kR%snaao ih laaokao bauiwmatamaacaayaih laaokao bauiwmatamaacaayaih laaokao bauiwmatamaacaayaih laaokao bauiwmatamaacaaya-- --: Sa~uXcaabauiwmataM AtXcaaiBasamaIxya bau: Sa~uXcaabauiwmataM AtXcaaiBasamaIxya bau: Sa~uXcaabauiwmataM AtXcaaiBasamaIxya bau: Sa~uXcaabauiwmataM AtXcaaiBasamaIxya bauiwmata|ima~syaaipiwmata|ima~syaaipiwmata|ima~syaaipiwmata|ima~syaaip QanyaM yaSasQanyaM yaSasQanyaM yaSasQanyaM yaSasyamaayauYyaM paOiYTkM yamaayauYyaM paOiYTkM yamaayauYyaM paOiYTkM yamaayauYyaM paOiYTkM

laaO@yamaByaupidSatao vacalaaO@yamaByaupidSatao vacalaaO@yamaByaupidSatao vacalaaO@yamaByaupidSatao vaca: EaaotvyamanauivaVatvyaM caoit: EaaotvyamanauivaVatvyaM caoit: EaaotvyamanauivaVatvyaM caoit: EaaotvyamanauivaVatvyaM caoit ÈÈ14ÈÈ ÈÈ14ÈÈ ÈÈ14ÈÈ ÈÈ14ÈÈ ca.iva.A.8ca.iva.A.8ca.iva.A.8ca.iva.A.8

vavavavaR<a saaOYzvaimait ]>R<a saaOYzvaimait ]>R<a saaOYzvaimait ]>R<a saaOYzvaimait ]>sadRSaM ca saaQauvaR<aima%yaqasadRSaM ca saaQauvaR<aima%yaqasadRSaM ca saaQauvaR<aima%yaqasadRSaM ca saaQauvaR<aima%yaqa-- --: : : : ÈÈÈÈ cakpaiNcakpaiNcakpaiNcakpaiNaaaa.

Ideal thinking as well as activities as preached.

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This quote is like the essence of convocation speech delivered by senior most teacher of the faculty to his

passing out Ayurvedic graduates meaning,

There is no end to the comparative best knowledge related to life; hence one very cautiously, continuously

put in hard and sustained tireless efforts to achieve this goal; by Having a behaviour like fulfilling an ideal

consent and putting in the hard efforts by not criticising the others but behaving with others like our

honourable teachers; because the whole universe is like honourable teachers for the wise man and foe for the

unwise ones; hence wise persons on the basis of unbiased Analysis of unfriendly people also but who are

intelligent and give the advice which are most appreciating ; ideal life promoting, nourishing and acceptable

by all should not only be heard cautiously but also he acted upon religiously and then observe the results.

Hence any doctor /Vaidya should very dedicatedly try to learn the knowledge of life (Ayurvedic & Modern

Medicines) by putting in sustained and sincere efforts by making a comparative study of all contemporary

sciences and that too in an unbiased manner without having any prejudice or hatred particularly towards all

wise preachers or useful ideas, not giving any importance to the source of their origin till he attains qualities

of proper Vaidya.

As has been stated :

iBaYajaaM saaQauvaR<aanaaM Bad`maagiBaYajaaM saaQauvaR<aanaaM Bad`maagiBaYajaaM saaQauvaR<aanaaM Bad`maagiBaYajaaM saaQauvaR<aanaaM Bad`maagamaSaailanaamaamaSaailanaamaamaSaailanaamaamaSaailanaama\\ \\ ÈÈÈÈ AByastkmaAByastkmaAByastkmaAByastkma----NaaM Bad`M Bad`aiBalaaiYaNaamaNaaM Bad`M Bad`aiBalaaiYaNaamaNaaM Bad`M Bad`aiBalaaiYaNaamaNaaM Bad`M Bad`aiBalaaiYaNaama\\ \\ ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ A.h.].A.40A.h.].A.40A.h.].A.40A.h.].A.40

Physician who behaves like a saint, whose behaviour is relevant to the sense, conveyed by texts capable of

providing ideal welfare, who are habituated of conducting various treatment procedures, who are capable of

doing ideal welfare of running and coming birth also and who always think of ideal welfare of all creatures.

Now this very difficult path of learning can be proper for ideal Doctors like Honourable Dr. R.D.Lele Sir;

but what about the remaining bigger lot who are not so dedicated and sincere? Ayurved has described the

useful way for this bigger lot of vaidya /doctors also , which will be described ahead.

Final Conclusions:

Now the most blunt but relevant question in this regard is what exactly the author of this article want to

convey to the audience on the basis of collection of too many realistic observations and references and how

that will be useful for general practitioners and advisers of various specialities? The answer may be as

under -

“The nervous system has maximum oxidative stress and cumulative stress over decades contributes to the

development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.” Pg 479

Dr. R. D. Lele

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If we consider this statement to be a final truth and considering the other relivent facts .We can state that as a

whole all diseases are found to be classified in 2 main types and i.e.

(A) Acute type of illness that is acute infectious and traumatic ailments

(B) Chronic type ailments which include metabolic, genetic or diseases produced by peculiar environmental

exposure either individually or by combination of all these causes. For treating the acute types of illness

undoubtedly the treatment suggested by Modern Medicine is an ideal one ; but for chronic type of illness

which are likely to be get produced by long standing cumulative causes; which may be just opposite to the

advises of Sadavritta (Good Conduct) and Swasthvritta (Healthy Regimen) described by Ayurved . This

cumulative stress as described in above reference has been considered by Ayurved under the heading of

Sanskara along with its other meanings and their implications may require long standing, matching but fully

opposite interventions.

For chronic type of illness such as, chronic cold, Asthma, Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, digestive

disorders, kidney ailments, Metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity and Ischemic disorders etc. Ideal

Ayurvedic treatments along with advice for healthy Regimen should constantly be given supported by

Minimal Modern Medicine Drugs.

Ideal Ayurvedic line of treatment should be decided on the basis of under mentioned points

(a) Chikitsa siddhant of 3 doshas ca.sau.A.20ca.sau.A.20ca.sau.A.20ca.sau.A.20 maharaogaaQyaayamaharaogaaQyaayamaharaogaaQyaayamaharaogaaQyaaya

(b) Chikitsa siddhant (mainline of treatment) of diseases

(c) Aavasthik chikitsa siddhant (disease’s peculiar state’s line of treatment)

(d) Pathyapathya and detailed kalpa described for the disease, does and do not’s and relevant formulations.

For further confirmation and detailed counter checking of ideal Ayurvedic line of treatment following

basis should be adopted :

(e) line of treatment based on confluence of Gurvadi Gunas and 6 Tastes (compiled by author in his booklet

Eternal and Radical Ayurvedic concepts)

(f) Agrya Sangrahs (Best single drugs for different ailments)

(g)Various groups of drugs classified on their activity bases as compiled by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji

Acharya Dravya Guna Book Part 1

In patients of above mentioned chronic ailments after prescribing the here mentioned ideal line of treatments

also some patients many a times do not get expected relief, this may either be because of environmental

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(climatic) changes or because of excessive disintegration (kopa) of doshas. In such circumstances the

physician may require to enhance the effect of his therapy by giving appropriate Modern Medicinal drugs

also; but this should be given as an adjuvant therapy only and be withdrawn in the earliest possible time but

not on the cost of patient’s relief.

Both types of line of treatment may be prescribed by qualified practioners only.

Ayurvedic Practitioners must avoid to make boastful statements like quacks; instead they should try to

counter check their line of treatment by quoting suitable references from earlier mentioned authentic

relevant literature of Ayurved.

It is of utmost importance that the line of treatment suggested by any Ayurvedic practioners must always be

counter checked by patient himself, his relatives or his doctor of other pathy on the basis of here mentioned

criterias. The advice of Ayurvedic Practioners who do not fulfil these criterias should not be taken much

seriously. As has been described,

A&at Saas~sadA&at Saas~sadA&at Saas~sadA&at Saas~sad\\\\BaavaanaBaavaanaBaavaanaBaavaana\\ \\ Saas~maa~ prayaNaSaas~maa~ prayaNaSaas~maa~ prayaNaSaas~maa~ prayaNaaaaanananana\\ \\ ÈÈÈÈ %yajao_Urad%yajao_Urad%yajao_Urad%yajao_Urad\\\\ iBaYakiBaYakiBaYakiBaYak\\\\papapapaSaanaSaanaSaanaSaana\\ \\ paSaanapaSaanapaSaanapaSaana\\ \\ vaOvasvatavaOvasvatavaOvasvatavaOvasvatainainainainavavavava ÈÈ76ÈÈÈÈ76ÈÈÈÈ76ÈÈÈÈ76ÈÈ A.).].A.40A.).].A.40A.).].A.40A.).].A.40

A patient should run away from the physician who just imitate like a physician, but actually, they are

literally like clutches of Yama (God of death ) as they are incapable of behaving according to the sense

conveyed by Texts and who have only superficially gone through the original Texts.

This here mentioned line of integrative treatments worthiness may be counter checked by making planned

randomised and placebo controlled clinical trials in due course of time by various departments and Institutes.

Now if we think of ours (doctors) ailments or the ailments of our close dependent then we have only one

target of getting immediate and complete relief from the ailment by adopting any type of intervening

measures of any pathy.

We think we should apply this same aim for treating our patients also. By adopting this integrative approach

for treatment of all chronic ailments, if we can comparatively improve the life (quantitative/qualitative) then,

that may be a rarest divine gift to the whole society.

Basis of multi dimensional counselling for mental disorders:

t~ bauiwmata maanasavyaaiQaprItonaaip sata bauwyaa ihtaihtMvaoxyaavaoxya Qamaat~ bauiwmata maanasavyaaiQaprItonaaip sata bauwyaa ihtaihtMvaoxyaavaoxya Qamaat~ bauiwmata maanasavyaaiQaprItonaaip sata bauwyaa ihtaihtMvaoxyaavaoxya Qamaat~ bauiwmata maanasavyaaiQaprItonaaip sata bauwyaa ihtaihtMvaoxyaavaoxya Qamaa-- --qaqaqaqa-- --kamaanaamaihtanaamanaupsaovanao ihtanaaMkamaanaamaihtanaamanaupsaovanao ihtanaaMkamaanaamaihtanaamanaupsaovanao ihtanaaMkamaanaamaihtanaamanaupsaovanao ihtanaaM caaopsaovanao p`yaittvyaMcaaopsaovanao p`yaittvyaMcaaopsaovanao p`yaittvyaMcaaopsaovanao p`yaittvyaM¸ na ¸ na ¸ na ¸ na

(ntaroNa laaoko ~yamaotnmaanasaM(ntaroNa laaoko ~yamaotnmaanasaM(ntaroNa laaoko ~yamaotnmaanasaM(ntaroNa laaoko ~yamaotnmaanasaM ikMicainnaYpVto sauKM vaa duKM vaaikMicainnaYpVto sauKM vaa duKM vaaikMicainnaYpVto sauKM vaa duKM vaaikMicainnaYpVto sauKM vaa duKM vaa ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ46ÈÈ46ÈÈ46ÈÈ46ÈÈ ca .sau.A.ca .sau.A.ca .sau.A.ca .sau.A.11111111.

Now the intelligent man when he finds himself afflicted with even psychic diseases, should, with right

understanding, examine over and over again as to what is wholesome and what is unwholesome. He should

then endeavour to abstain from whatever is not conducive to ideal duties, wealth and pleasure, and devote

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himself to such action as is conducive to the use of these three objectives in an uncontradictory but

complimentary (to each other out of these three) manner. For, other than these three objectives of life there

is nothing in the world which is capable of giving pleasure or pain to the mind.

ttttsmaadotccaanauVYzoyaM tsmaadotccaanauVYzoyaM tsmaadotccaanauVYzoyaM tsmaadotccaanauVYzoyaM tiWiWiWiWVanaaM caaopsaovanao p`yaittvyamaVanaaM caaopsaovanao p`yaittvyamaVanaaM caaopsaovanao p`yaittvyamaVanaaM caaopsaovanao p`yaittvyama\\ \\ Aa%madoSakulakalabalaSai> &anao yaqaavaccaoAa%madoSakulakalabalaSai> &anao yaqaavaccaoAa%madoSakulakalabalaSai> &anao yaqaavaccaoAa%madoSakulakalabalaSai> &anao yaqaavaccaoitititit ÈÈ46ÈÈ ca .sau.A.11ÈÈ46ÈÈ ca .sau.A.11ÈÈ46ÈÈ ca .sau.A.11ÈÈ46ÈÈ ca .sau.A.11.

In this regard following should be very sincerely adopted and followed. After unbiased assessment of your

self capability; your peculiarities based on particular region, your familial characteristics; your peculiarities

in relation to present season, your peculiarities based on physical or mental capabilities; a psychic patient by

repeatedly keeping these things in mind, should try to serve the most successful person belonging to the

same profession as of his for some time. By doing this, so many conflicting thoughts and activities will be

resolved automatically and this psychic patient will also gain a good confidence to attain an outstanding

success like the successful expert.

Bavait caa~Bavait caa~Bavait caa~Bavait caa~

maanasaM p`it BaOYajyaM i~vagamaanasaM p`it BaOYajyaM i~vagamaanasaM p`it BaOYajyaM i~vagamaanasaM p`it BaOYajyaM i~vaga-- --syaanvasyaanvasyaanvasyaanvavaoxaNamavaoxaNamavaoxaNamavaoxaNama\\ \\ ÈÈÈÈ tiWVsaovaatiWVsaovaatiWVsaovaatiWVsaovaa iva&anamaa%madInaaM ca savaiva&anamaa%madInaaM ca savaiva&anamaa%madInaaM ca savaiva&anamaa%madInaaM ca sava-- --SaSaSaSa:::: ÈÈ47ÈÈ ca .sau.A.11ÈÈ47ÈÈ ca .sau.A.11ÈÈ47ÈÈ ca .sau.A.11ÈÈ47ÈÈ ca .sau.A.11.

In this regard following is the fully analysed and most popularly accepted fact.

For the treatment of psychic disorders one should

(a) Do the factual analysis of Trivarg i.e. our duties towards various persons and society, all our earnings

and assets we possesses or want to have and the pleasure we have or aim to have.

(b) To know or assess the personal peculiarities based on earlier mentioned variables and alikes.

(c) To serve the most successful person belonging to the same profession as of psychic patient.

i~ivaQamaaOYaQaimait ¹ dOvavyapaEayaM ¸ yaui>vyapaEayaM ¸ sa%vaavajayaXca ÈÈ54ÈÈi~ivaQamaaOYaQaimait ¹ dOvavyapaEayaM ¸ yaui>vyapaEayaM ¸ sa%vaavajayaXca ÈÈ54ÈÈi~ivaQamaaOYaQaimait ¹ dOvavyapaEayaM ¸ yaui>vyapaEayaM ¸ sa%vaavajayaXca ÈÈ54ÈÈi~ivaQamaaOYaQaimait ¹ dOvavyapaEayaM ¸ yaui>vyapaEayaM ¸ sa%vaavajayaXca ÈÈ54ÈÈ ca.sau.A.11ca.sau.A.11ca.sau.A.11ca.sau.A.11

Regarding the three kinds of therapy, they are - divine therapy, scientific therapy and mental control.

t~ dOvavyapaEayaM ¹ man~aOYaiQamaiNama=t~ dOvavyapaEayaM ¹ man~aOYaiQamaiNama=t~ dOvavyapaEayaM ¹ man~aOYaiQamaiNama=t~ dOvavyapaEayaM ¹ man~aOYaiQamaiNama=\\\\galabalyauphar haoma inayama p`ayaiXcataopvaasa svas%yayana p`aiNapatgamanaaid ³2´ ÈÈ54ÈÈ galabalyauphar haoma inayama p`ayaiXcataopvaasa svas%yayana p`aiNapatgamanaaid ³2´ ÈÈ54ÈÈ galabalyauphar haoma inayama p`ayaiXcataopvaasa svas%yayana p`aiNapatgamanaaid ³2´ ÈÈ54ÈÈ galabalyauphar haoma inayama p`ayaiXcataopvaasa svas%yayana p`aiNapatgamanaaid ³2´ ÈÈ54ÈÈ

ca.sau.A.11ca.sau.A.11ca.sau.A.11ca.sau.A.11

Amongst these, divine therapy consists of incantations, herbs, gems, propitiatory rites, oblations and

offerings, sacrifice, vows, ceremonial penitence, fasting ,auspicious rites, prostrations pilgrimages and such

other things.

yaui>vyapaEayaM punaahararaOYaQaM d`vyaaNaaM yaaojanaa ³3´ ÈÈ54ÈÈ yaui>vyapaEayaM punaahararaOYaQaM d`vyaaNaaM yaaojanaa ³3´ ÈÈ54ÈÈ yaui>vyapaEayaM punaahararaOYaQaM d`vyaaNaaM yaaojanaa ³3´ ÈÈ54ÈÈ yaui>vyapaEayaM punaahararaOYaQaM d`vyaaNaaM yaaojanaa ³3´ ÈÈ54ÈÈ ca.sau.A.11 ca.sau.A.11 ca.sau.A.11 ca.sau.A.11

Scientific therapy consists of the prescription of the line of dietetic regimen and medication.

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30

sa%vaavajaya: punaraihtoByaao|qaosa%vaavajaya: punaraihtoByaao|qaosa%vaavajaya: punaraihtoByaao|qaosa%vaavajaya: punaraihtoByaao|qao-- --Byaao manaaoinagah: ÈÈ54ÈÈ ca.sau.A.11Byaao manaaoinagah: ÈÈ54ÈÈ ca.sau.A.11Byaao manaaoinagah: ÈÈ54ÈÈ ca.sau.A.11Byaao manaaoinagah: ÈÈ54ÈÈ ca.sau.A.11

Mental control consists of restraining the mind from the desire for unwholesome objects, both either

immediately or in the longer run.

paoiqa vaacat jaga mauyaa piNDt Bayaa na kaoya ¸ Za[paoiqa vaacat jaga mauyaa piNDt Bayaa na kaoya ¸ Za[paoiqa vaacat jaga mauyaa piNDt Bayaa na kaoya ¸ Za[paoiqa vaacat jaga mauyaa piNDt Bayaa na kaoya ¸ Za[---- Axar p`oma ka pZo saao piNDt haoya ÈAxar p`oma ka pZo saao piNDt haoya ÈAxar p`oma ka pZo saao piNDt haoya ÈAxar p`oma ka pZo saao piNDt haoya È saMt kbaIrsaMt kbaIrsaMt kbaIrsaMt kbaIr

All the people of this universe died of reading the books but none could become the time conquering

outstanding scholar; but the person who behaves with love and regards to others is the real time tested

virtual scholar. So please always concentrate on your behaviour.

Some people may interpret this stanza in their own way but we think the relevant interpretation of this is as

under -

So many highly learned and well recognised authorities also if cannot leave aside their hatred and prejudice

and cannot assess the state of affairs of their relevant topics based on unbiased manner and they cannot

utilise their speciality for the benefit of human kind or other creatures of the Earth then their expertise is of

negligible value which will be hardly of any use for anyone.

PROF.J.P.DAHIYA

HOD, Samhita Siddhant dept,

Smt.K.G.M.P.Ayu. College, Mumbai.

Counter Checked By,

1. DR. N.K.PARIK 2.VD.Sh.H.P.SHARMA

Consulting Physician Advisor

Clinical Cardiologist, Smt.K.G.M.P.Ayu.College, Mumbai.

Ass. Prof. of Medicine,

Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences,

Bombay Hospital, Mumbai.